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    Ica Unit5

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    Ica Unit5

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    ica unit5

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    Ica Unit5

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    T ONIT QD | DATA _conue ote Pe. An Koduchigni- Most of the information Grey cag signals Such as Noege, Gssent Hme, Prctsure, hax ge and fempuahre are available i the anaiog form, Hower, for Processing, Hangmi g¢eon and Storage | Prpose , tr Lb Often Moe lonuntent 40 empress Such St peal to digrted form, | Moreover, the derielopment 9 the micvoprolessoy- Aechn ology fos wade it Gompulact ay te proau dala eo athe dtgrtad form. Kine Atgtsal System Buch ag mvnoprotescov ae | | a benary syste Dh ons 4 2enas, So We hove ems | Sigrat fom analog chim to digital Bren, | The cet thak pforme thie GonverSion 4s calted| an analeg ~ t0~ digits (Alo) @nveckr, a digivar fo analog lA) on the Other hand, op fom & Ang tres Comncres aged whem tho binary Systm rugt Ae Conurkd FO |e9uPvalunt analog Npliage, Of Gert - ta aS Po etal Converter (AD 0) Dtgidad - +0 amolog Congeget (Onc) Analog ~~ Agree! Corwin Qtupt, a0 analog : Map yr Not & ae (an ofp be word dy dyd3 — ; tog (GI fan eee OO Si ed, ave dg ay Epes ae bpd? oF The ate too additonal contol Uns ta an # The goc —3 Stowe ob Connursfon E0c > rd % GonterSéon, The ‘ &tavt? Elp HUE the Conterter ethen Precis fo Start dhe conturSton | The EOC Olp announces 7 Whn dhe &orursion & Compute, tee g & Direct type APC & Antegeactiog type Aock | A Areet Hype ADC Compaus a given - analog ele strat ntth a0 Eotennialty Gervrohd equivalent stonal,, ghoas an eargoating tyre Oc does the Contiurston pxreet tine APCS Obes eee 9 bo eo an Hdfyect mrannen. Foster but fas ore Oe. “r —x the analeg grok ke Fxet Gnwrekd eto @ Lenox Aanction ob Fequimey OF seme & this ie Sibeequemtly Gnunrted foto a dg geral Code. GZ Detect syne Avelc Thin Se, again clase Fed tn to 4 types wr Plas anc fo _pasata Composter, Arc, 2 Counter HY fe Aomori Cor Ane aging Dec) SS Luctayive Oppron?mahe dpe lonwutoy, de Tracking Or Ganlo Cont ete, 7 Pokegeaking eye Cone He &— a Rud Slope Apc a chong balancing ADC, | @ flash Ade (os paratte Comparator - W flash anc & alto termed af parallel Compact. APC, Finds oppKahon when way ALgh Spud wk Soquired. | ae A0C dg Eats Fgh AN|c, &N@ TE Apes dhe l—aWr dis actYate the Eo rd ob nts 6) 4 ' St ce gun that te Wt the cucwerive, SPPrOW Me Cm See, oh the bts ob the Bac Ol> dhe, olp Vottage Ob the sang decors More & more Cloce to the actual analy 7 Noha. whotever the Value ob the omatog Ep, Only & puller are, Aaqutved to establich the. actunote lp. 4n pactve however, an add?honal fue 48 nadog to Load the o|p faGicster & feinitolize tne ctyuth, A AYN! Conunrsion conece digtad aa a ; —Hpiumetfen | SAE AR a ot Compasaber | | LOL Oota une 4 a& follows, “7 6000 0060 ( [000000 L0:co0o8g Lo Lla000 Lotttoog iS Lottcoiooe ° lolrooto ' JO tt 0O18 | g — _——__|_— a - - -- dg Ts @ Gomarte lp attic. Comparing alk 8-8 = LOlL0016 = Aigitad Aepregemtetion of analog "Ip. The total Hme fe9ur reg, tO Conutt amasag ep to digi Op & Glued as anuxsion #Hme. St depunds 0m both clock puriod T & no. ob bi 1, TCnt) Ahee Te= Conursion me. apap |— fm <-bit suceytive appoalmaton anc chown by o (tite cloce . What ig tH Conunsfon time 9 Gin Novo bre O=8. Conmasion H’me Tes TCMt+)) eh (Sti us Tes Pus. | advoniags, S cpsatie wry fest 2) N-bfE @Nwrsion Maguires 9 clock p 3) estoblighis actusote ott, : APPULaHons — ) und in dota loggers Po» 4» ingbumment he Conturtion gud 4s Emporant | B® method Eiburotion a conwaston prowk— Siuahoton ob Cownston process, gow | Lait omens 5) Jotegrating type Ane s— YDuad Sle -ane:— The Butoh Llonre ANC & an ADC. Te Crtutt Les an tobegratiog tyre. integrator & oO Flip Hop op add? Hom to a Compmatny Se) Gunter, Jo oe the analog lp Nottoge 8% O teberunce Voltage are bot Gon uunded foto time purtoda by mong ob an (VEprotoy 6 ote the MUsuind by means obo —— v Gunter “alll Crusty Pre uy Bg: Block dtagram ob Bua! Sloe nc, The te a kuttchy asso tategroto & O Tome generates, There. ropsramt by Ohich the otgraty y eapvk Gn be Sntiched between re analog voltage Ve and a magotve elute VoliNge Vay The. iid de ae to fi at the bihawy Coundey as ; Conkotud by he MES 1 7 & when dhe MSR 4 a logre O, the Srdtch Cloces Of damfral | at Which the ‘lp Notiage 46 OPplied, fe sthem dhe mse ds a logte L the su8teh Closes on & ppd, vermina) 2. at which tha Baber ce ee Opsiation s— ee when 6= 4 oe oc he Analog Kofi clog Depa ok ees The analog ‘lp Voltage Ve Fee ppted ot the Enuuweting derminod of. the ke arotoy, The. Ca¥ gx 0407 olp Woltege Ls given ag ty aide Ae > a Eee Ne dk Akumed’ ty Le Bc, T ¢ 4g the Condtent over dhe Enderad 0 to T. (RS Fime Constant oh the, Ca#grodo), The taigrador ofp Voliage 2s applied fo the Alob, é&t enable @myatadoy. The Compatator ofp qos NG the AND gale Amd He cloce pulser Suach the unten, —x At the end ob a clock puiods, te MSG of dhe Counter — gore Argh, Wis Cues the olp Of the Flip-Flop to go Afgh otth the sudult thot the, Onrallog Swtich ¢ Sritches Prom = Pasttion 4 40 pasthion % Y Connedk tHe Sukerunce Voltage to the Dk pator Enverhing Haminad., —~ SCrubtancously, the. béranny count gee Seek. The, negative — ebeien co Natege Vy which Now forms tre tp to the Eotegrotor mais tne olp of dre inieqrotor 4 ag a portve @nean Hamp, thon FE Raatheg ero Cwed , othe Compasabey ofp foe low, | % Wig digabls the ONO gol, & the quaut Ode & | thos the Clock Pules Gate ty each the Counder. The | Gunien Stys ak a unt Cones ponding to Rme tread t). | “the fodegratoy O|p volvage, originally a0 I Arvo, roa fatte. Se NL eo Ame, ty & Wes tp | the ortgtnad Voltage, Miz, 2x0 fo time 4, we Rowe 5 | chonge Moltage = Bcchowge voltage. | we . Vets BO BG (0 Wes Up te \ Med) 12> = 2 a rom above je¥ tr, Ve, ah Be ee rena Th +, it divecaty Proportional do he analog ep Nloltage & hone a meagure of te. Te Olp of @ Counter ke a binary number which Gomeapundy to tre ty. Thug the benawey diqtta) ofp of the Counter & Olgo Prporhonal to the analog thput . Agia ofp ot he cunter = (unk] tc) ty ok >a B tae The Worelorm Gh the Eoiegratoy ° Olp Noliage 4k ax Shown, Advantage D Jt possese igh acura 2 dt & Cheap D FG putormance ik Mok altered by change ob demputohate, A) Provides Grater rate Sermunityy Bigodvantag;- Y f tho Zp Netiage & Isomv. & low. 3) 4m ovdin Fo achiwe better Given \p=toomv § -4=soms We 2 tSomv, 4, = C80) coms tc Fsme Sucthiations OF NMrmang, pata malting o The Aagisad op Wrsus analog — csi Up couse Lov Tir Chowoctnisthe) Ob a ~AD dk 0S Shown, Fdeally, the wsve a Shatyiee (Ado, hich MAY Ve approx mated Jo a aghatgnt (ne poscing thong the origio ag Show. may dih'ne thes th debug. toa IMT ONES We w . mile Aes lds oF AN ADC. The Mayor | Te putormane pore © Regolut'oo @ canwunsion time. (Te) @ duotizeror evrvor(@&), © Regoluton 2 son Resolution may he dulined ak the Change CO the Nolue of tip Voltage Me Sguived to change the, Olp digeteo Op by 415, AE Nise g = Fal Scale, elp Moltage, needed to cauge a dtycpat Olp OF OM tp tm we have + Resolution = Nes ar| whe no 90, oF bi > tho Op btraw @ BeweSi00 Hine tobol The tme Segutved FO Con: foto Pte dP9e+ad Op. Y cord Mint AD analog Sra) es decided bY the dechntque wed For anunsion, 5 > mr delay OF Errcurt Comporemts . | @ guanti zation eMlogs~ trom 4te Tir Chocsacuerighice ot OO Ane, % & Obvious. mot fe a Given benony Op, the Enact Oralog Up th quite uncwtern, This ih duo to the fect that: the bioory ofp foueanes fo steps, but not Unuorly . Tus & an unaneidable anor. ny — The Lncdeinity em the tlp dr o qrmn olp is Sak ied as “ Quant 2od'on 2wor?” SSS. Quant 2ethion exoy (Oc) = Mies Q?-1)* ey 1) 8&———)_ pak. No ony ‘ —e— Fig: Schamatte ob Oy Con\lottor | J ceere eet ee eee Stee eee eee eeeeTeeee Ss The tp to fe Dac & o O-bir binary word D whose diptts abe, ids, ds ----dy Ct% GOs) &, D2d,d.dx dy ----dn, @ benosy Prochoned word With dhe deemed paint located at the (tt, dt 16 Combined With @ RebeKn Co Noltege & the, Reged ting alp & an analog pro) Which may eo Voldege OF CRemt Tre omalag op Wolage it empreseed ag Mo= Kis (4,414 a, 9%, ~~. dy 4°) the kz cals x noe hy ctor which bray & unity Nhe Fall se cate votiog A, at the meg with a afoht ob Veg a dn & tHe Leg aftha nefahe ob Nes ar’ a Freosion ob Aclg | Boho ob Dacle o_ Pack ae mainly claesified into ro Fg D Birony wetghdad AE Stor Dac | ) |Y @-ae Salstre Dayc, oe — boo ims pecause ob the Veriual ground ot dra Cjp dem crusting derminad fg ako at growed Oe ch “he Op-amp, the also thera fe 90 Curent Fhe wing Porentad . Hema 0 op-amp. goto the 7, we hove Toyz ZrIRtist --- 5, _ Ne —Niee Ve. (ov To= SE a, + rie ae one ete Bp A> BY Ne Bihar 6 oF 3, dinandy ON the béracy Aput Hor, ta Ne, 2 a, = Pear a - ° BLAE'4+3, Fd, 225 ~a2 4d X77] Op vovwege Ny “Toky 2 Ve( JC a 24d 25 qna3- R 1 te, 2 ce, eeccuhes Scolng factor OF te gereiad equadio Nip 2 Ug eae, 4333, ee pee td : 2 Be cates | Moliage) =p dhe febeunce WolFege, | Dz d, dda dy. 0 0 DR-ma Pa* 0 Ox 0 Osx 0 Oe 0 Dan 0 Cel dq | Di | Dom | Ca | Obe—z | Ons Die 1 Possible ie dts 16, Soe thre De 4 bs ay co FO ot -oo - oo - | we Moe Wp "+d, ade 22 +dpX"] The Op-omp opustig ag an Towecting Suerming amplifiers Aik dhe lp ke a b-bit birovy word, @ &, Ora, ha 70+ ok digital énputs dy \lgz!0 O —S Nz ValS+oto+d) > 0 V3 A= 1lofoto+o4 ee 10 gg 16 © 3 Uo= 1oloto+Pro] 10 yy $ | ; 0 \ \ o ( ! U { og dat Avolof wy - rb TA OH, By O35 Oy Dtoohacis s— YW the crave $3: AF tre ae, de, Xe, - From the ¢aphicol plat The, grophical plot oF analog Olp voltage No all possble e|p words as Shoton, Ps 6 3 Og Tequives a wide onge ob reelgtoy Vadis | tp & B-bit word, the MAGIOTS LUTE athe - --2%— of ree. such HA Sov Vols Ae not desirable. Cee mmm Ogninst gsc DB, Oy BL 3 > nigel tnpat | 74Re analog op Voltage Jia | we Maleate . The ny . | op we, Sine Pakoumee Voblage ia \’ve, | O wide Mosiety of 2 ce fabstcaton ob lage Nolue feestoy on chip i& difhiust k& We Voltage hep atrioss these: seRStovS athet ther perbey mance oh the donee, Thege dhowbacks me ovdtome to ge, 9-22 ddor eye DA Conan ter, R-2Rr laddy 010 A Coniterter s— r WN ey cog es ‘aig ee laddex BAC Te type ok Pac ame only two SUsictoxs Valu 9 how Tt is easy to folssicate GU MGSm1g 00 a Chip, The Augwa) Vobues ob dhe. SuHidiaig Sarge From d-5 Km Ho BOKM, Phe! dex ates UPaie DOM wROnemanICe sass Yaya temn laddur Aehoore, ag chown gtore, The ansleg voltage Olp for amy bihacy ep Gon Ne dilamind @b follows . eee - \ Because gh the Wirtuol ground at sre, Tp Feminale | | ok the OP-amp, the potential Gk dhe uunting Up devin) Ak 20, | The Create faster mmrdifies as Rilows, Both esters 224k | | Soicad at rk 8 ae at deo potenttas Thy Go he SPAS bY a Slog Degigiance, aC | my “ty ot . gelles He. 22 2a ” a? er Gort T= Me, “Be j a aot 2e ee | wwe te = CBENES = Penta dhe Pornhtal at Node 32 ~ te The orginal Grutt moy row he Udrawr a foil Buty: - Vo 4 *Clp Voltage vy = Hor B-bit word 100 > Ves z O10 > Ves 4 001 Veg Naldoge: We howe Cloxd loop goin te ~2f a2 v eae : CF): Va Vee Fox a H-bit word 1000 —3 Vis}, 100-4 Ves ly 0010 -5 Ves] g 001) — Veshe, ©, Joverted O-20- (addin Dac : . do dhe oA Conrtudug Sudied above, ft ds Sten | tho he Curemt % etry ono, ab dhe, heditong changes, cas ard whee the “pata changes, do T® 6h cuttemt Ausul¥s to moe heot deing qmonated % thus there is alorgn disiipatton Gh pow, AS oO Hest ab ME, HON Uraayity ok Oyanocton gts zt, This 14 fighly unduivoble { proice Thés, dtowsback & oluncorra to dhe tnuented 2-20 ladder Dac. Ain Cawwited @-20- ladduy Dac ain a g-bit ‘Ip & as Shai ah? "f r: 1 Ve. cee ot may Me obgured drat the positions ob imga and 186 oka thierchanged « CCompate with dha, B-2e- (addy DAD, the arcangemarnt ab witcher dt Such dhat the fepat binary coord Connects the | 43 G g lid dg | dy Te ll ds | he pio diagram ob Te 1408 is ag Showhr ahove. The G-bit Dac 10s d& OMA kuch typical monolitie re, fh a dient Culful, The, Conary 8 Compaif ble. with both Tr and emag logic, ft has o setting sme ab 300N4 + Thode, Oke & mput data Una dd, ,-----de. d, it the men and dg if dhe Lea, he dt Kequtres shoo power Suppl eg $ Mecz +5V & -Vee = -5V, O Betoun ce Gantent ob mH for ill sole. foput The block dik : : i a Be Ob HOB-bit OAc Inne de ag followe. ds ds du ds 6 ds dg (use) 10 Alp ponge 2 4 . [A Gunent Curent cont re a output ae mene, The Nltone voltage hy % RUdbstor By, ae de foto) Puketurce Custirnt Source, Rotor Pig HK equal to Ry £0 a8 to Motch dhe, Enput —ferpudance dh the Kekona Orhan amplition ag Shown to tq - blow The A4ticad rust oh 1c WW0g Dac & Af follows. ; Mec (se) di 2 ty So 8) 0 o- 5 ‘3 es Aslecautel 6 a all aa Mo d3¢— A-bit aA e c Ay o—| ¢ 4 dtaried a bco—lq Ne t tnput B6omt io. 0 ag ci bro — hee = = tweet - (tse) bbs ie Cen C,<(*2y,) fo Mee By droite oh Te Hoe The Olp trtent To by giv as 4 ds , de , da. be Niue Bet Sea Say a 4 Set Bede To* Be 2 38 ° re 2 ———$_—_—_—— Example; \ = « FSD, DME yee tov and Me "Sv, Nhe Sv ond Ruy ‘ ica hind op Moldage. Nee 5 ae zt amA. Totol Nktund coment = Pa : a "Sk Qge P= Aste, wv Stole toput lp Wadden a. se shi for Full Stale top QSkR Cat -2dg2 1 Ov trpuk B= Het, -"< ovdpat Motiage, Vo > To Ry ErUW2max sen, (ateumtag & =5) No =7:96v | BD The bake Sep ob A @-be Dac & woramv. Gp 0000009 XIAN. OV, find the Outpur hen the eoput ds Folotony, Decimal enurvatent wb benasiy loloiou + U4 x2!4 28 | : 5I FUR aE eS ay oh a 108 = UH, 7 a —— eee ey Given Vo for ore 168 ch Up = loz, Olp Soltog for am trput A (lololo y= (AD, & ag Vo = Bake Sap # Decimal equivalent oF bioawy Topol > lOsamy #17) = VFuu2 Vv. Y Gltslote tre Mobus ok LOR, msn & ful dale Olp for a | Zbit PAC for 0 Sv YON, | | as For Sob & bik Dac, o=8 | ® 1rgpi- LSB. tet | @ rm ar” g2& 256 ai | for Sv “Hine Ls02( 2) 5 = OO19S53V = 14-S3mv | a le MSGi PMSB=(F) Full varge (ov fall Sok) | zasy Fu Sole output = Full Kole Volag -7 188 \ > SV -O01%s3v th eosv. | | \ as binary pak fo a A-bit lA conus cha Cudpot A) St the Yang & 9 40 lov 4% (0, What & the Outpt ? Decimal equi valimt ob bray ito Six ete Dery Ux2!+ Ox2® = Uy Fatt Stole oF Otdpy vets 00H = lov. -. Op Voltage for a birowy Cp ob (into, = Cay = CRW bale votiegeys? ¢ nectmal epsvolent wh bracy tp aia = (3) Uy = 00625414 = a 95v. Goo olp Voottoge = to [( ‘ ‘ , = let lest tet oye t a a pat Owe 2 210 40: 695 = &Fsv | } 4 a (3) SNC hak ons | puterenance Patameda, tt Dac i— Some ob the more Emportant Natormane Polametrg O O DAC ae as follows: YD Resolution ¢ Resolution ob oa DAC may Le diltud ag dhe Nos ob Aig fut amalog olp Velux that the Dac can Prowide, For a n-bit Up wosd, the mo. th Poset ble output, = J. foro obit one, [Motion 225] 4- bit Dac, YeLolution = arg gb Cor] Ruolution, may Me dabiad of the charge en the, Ol Noliage. Oy tre Dac und bya Chaoge, wales + the digtiod (opt. tT B4G recotutons 24 56 For oa o-btF pac, vuitton: NOES. , a, Ahue Yee? Full Sale dJp Nologe, @ decusary'— Jt i& the Compas} goo dr actuad Jp Voltage With expected Olp. Fhe i Nore ALOARDY = am whe, Mopg= full

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