Tagaban, Mark Adrian U.

BSME-1 B

Work and Energy

Objective:

To validate the work energy theorem and to study the conservation of energy principle.

Materials:

Toy Cart, Yarn, Glue Gun, Bottle, Can, Scissor, Steel Rod, Phone application (phyphox)

Set up

Improvise Photogate

Flag
Can

Procedure:

1. Improvise photogate timers we use Can and hanging rod as a indicator to Cart
trigger the application on the phone which is phyphox app, this app can
record sequence of time 19cmby the sound , every
19cmtime sound make 17cmby rod and Can the apps
records it.
At first trial we set the Can a line to the first edge of the flag and the second trial is a line to
the last edge of flag.
2. To simulate a frictionless system, tip the track until the cart rolls toward the pulley at a
constant speed (No force should be acting un the cart)
3. Measure and record the mass of the cart, M and the width of the photogate flag

4. Select a falling mass of the cart,

Mf between 0.05 kg and
0.20 kg. With the string and
weight attached record xf the
position of the cart’s flag on the
track when the falling mass
3cm hits the 0.2kgthis point
floor. After
the string became slack and
does no more work space three
photogate timers at
equal intervals along the
portion of the track travel
under the influence of the
tension in the string. Record
these positions and the
corresponding flag
position and the corresponding
flag position xo from which you release the cart from rest.
5. Record the mass of the falling block and measure the distance of rod.

19cm 19cm 17cm

 0.25kg

TABLE 1:

Flag width w= 0.03m

Mass of cart and load M=0.2kg
Falling mass M=0.25kg

X(m) Δt(s) V= w Kinetic Potential Total Work

Δt Energy Energy Energy

Xo=
X1=
X2=
X3=
X4=

Analysis:

1. Calculate the speed of the cart at each photogate position by dividing the flag width by the
time interval.
2. The kinetic energy of the system KK(x)-1/2(Mc+Mt)v 2 where v is the speed at position x .
Evaluate the kinetic energy at each observation point, including the release position.

3. The work done by gravity is W(x)-Mt g(X-Xo). Where X is the flag position at the release
point. (The mass producing the tension in the string falls the same distance as the cart
moves horizontally. Evaluate the work and record the result for each observation point.

4. The potential energy of the falling mass is Pk(y)-Mtgy-Mtg(Xf-X), where (Xf-X) is the
distance yet to fall and Xf is the flag position when the mass hits the floor . Evaluate the
potential energy and record the result for each observation point.
5. Calculate and record for each position the total mechanical energy of the system kinetic
energy plus potential energy.

6. On a single graph plot kinetic energy , Work done by gravity , potential energy and total
energy as function of the position of the cart. Use different symbols for each quantity
(identified in a legend and draw best fit lines for each set of data point.
 7. For the values at x1, estimate of the experimental uncertainly in your raw data for mass,
time, w and distance. Use these value to determine the uncertainly in your calculation for
potential energy and them for you value for the total energy at X3.

Report:

In this addition to the standard elements of a well written lab report described in the
introduction to this manual, your report must include.

1. A neal , organized data table if you laboratory Instructor agrees, you may use the table
given on the previous page.
2. The energy graph that summarize your analysis.

3. You statement of observation and inclusions . If the total energy of the system was not
constant, is it variance reasonable in light of the experimental uncertainties you estimated
for the data you recorded?
4. Include the results obtained in step (7) above.