Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pengukuran Deskriptif, Bias & Erorr, Teknik Penyajian Data
Pengukuran Deskriptif, Bias & Erorr, Teknik Penyajian Data
Pengukuran Deskriptif, Bias & Erorr, Teknik Penyajian Data
F
)G(5$"&6H<I.2?<H<J4C40:@
0123536789
253 F
&K$"&6H<I4-.BLC.21./?:
F 66&M!G&"H<NC4@:2H<O:4DC4=<H<PQRST
U VWXYZ[WR\SR]H<O:4DC4=<N4C:?<*^_à\_XZbZc\WdY
U eRSZPQRSTZH<O:4DC4=<f404/DH<g:?0ADC4=
U ^WYZPQRSTZH<O:4DC4=<h:/E4H<NC4@:2i:/D24C4/
U jkRTTYSZ[WR\SR]ZH<O:4DC4=<I.-4CH<NC4@:2I:0:2l0:0:2
!"#$%&'()'!* +)#!"!,&'-./012/345)67&'5$'701814/9./348:4/;404<=./04>;4/<
U mRn\SR]bZoRST_\SR]H<O:4DC4=<p49<H<O:4DC4=<h.04
?9.?:@:?:04?;404* AB.><24C./4/349.=-1404/9./348:4/;404<84/D4/?4=94:0.C2.EA>494B4D:?./D484=./D.EA>AC4/D<B4:/
U ^WkT_\SR]ZbZ^WkT_SR`H<NC4@:2pA;.B
_XW]`ZU^a\b`c`[ZVad
O P Q R N S
TUVWXYZ[\]W[Z^
012342613789483
88
8428 012342613789483
88
842
F:<=?A=C*D(&%'&5*s(.&C*E'&1(3(.%3&'&. F:<=?A=C*D(&%'&5*s(.&C*E'&1(3(.%3&'&.
rs2.t&u(&.v&-&*v&/&5 !"w! "#x"x
rD(&%'&5*{2'{2.-43*)23-,'*v&'(*/(.%3&'&.*{2'v&)&'3&.*x"x"#
52.4.u433&.+2'{&.v(.%&.v&-&*v2.%&.32)2/4'46&.
¥¦§¨¥© ª¤«
012342613789483
88
8428 6ÇÈÉÊËÌËÍ
ÉÍ6É
É
ÎÉ
ÏÉÐÑÒÉ00ÓÏ 012342613789483
88
842
¶ ·¸?<A=>:?@A?B=C*D(&%'&5*¹2{&'C*E'&1(3¹(-(37-(-(3 ë ì?í@A?Bî=ï?AG@A?BC*D(&%'&5*²&+*C*D(&%'&5*s2-&
r s2.t&u(&.*v&-&*v&/&5* !"w± Õ Õ Õ r s2.t&u(&.*v&-&*v&/&5* !"w!"x
åæççèéê
r ²2-,v2*+'2)2.-&)(*)2&'&*%'&1()*4.-43*!!"³!"´"w
r µ&/&6*)&-4*|&'(&{2/*v(%&5{&'3&.*+&v&*)45{4*6,'(),.-&/*v&.*|&'(&{2/*/&(..t&*v(%&5{&'3&.*+&v&*
)45{4*|2'-(&/*$t&.%*v(-4.u433&.*,/26*-(-(37-(-(3*t&.%*&v&*52.%%&5{&'3&.*³!t&.%*
-2'u&v(*&.-&'*|&'(&{2/
Ô Ô Ô
Ö`×`UØZU\ÙÚ^aVad Ö`×`UØZU\áWØZVad
ÛmÜhkÝkihmÜÞkÃhÜhk ÛmÜhkÝkihmÜÞkÃhÜhk âaãZ]\ZãZ\
ßkàfjhkihmÜklhik ßkhÜhik¾fgfiklhik ä`×`UØZU
àmÜhkÝk¾fgfiÞkÃhÜhk àmÜhkÝk¾fgfiÞkÃhÜhk hi¾hghkÝklhikß
ºPMM»kp¼k½h¾m¿ihÀkÁÂhloük¿ÄkÅÂmoiÂoÆ
ßkàfjhk¾fgfi ßkhÜhikihmÜ
012342613789483
88
8428 012342613789483
88
842
, -./012345676-./01348 , -./012345676<=>?@A
!"#$%&'()*$%&(+('% !"#$%&'()*$%+9: ;
Lkl^kl\f%\klLmno% 613BC2C83
1D24E4
]nmfnpfofLn\ Z$#'(!X +#Q("(!:("(%c%qrstrsuvwrsqxyz{N
| }~46==
| }~.46PT
L !: !Q*\ !"'(;c%Z$#'(!L !&(R%h | }16=O?
"*&(*!: $Q
Z$#'(!Q('(!:("(%c%yxvy
vzvqyuN
| P
]('*(*;*"(Qc%Z$#'(!]('*(Q*c% | 0~340.8~342~
i !j('(!^("(%h +X("c%"#M#R*!: $Q | =aS
| ==A=
012345678294
454
4
012345678294
454
4
012345678294
454
4
!"#$#%!%&$'!"(#)#$!#!#$ M!""#!!!?!(!++!%?:4<2/,:8,29-F/:=/:/
*"!?%#+E,-./-0745/6-.0(%+##(+%*#+(
&!""&*%$!+##,-./-01/,20345/6-.-0,-./-0789/:0;0,-./-0 BN8/.-:/:-F(E>!'&K(#+
94,:</.0=/<-098/:80282890=/:/0(%>+?>&#!!!"&! C43-.-6-09-F/:G9-F/:H BN8/,:-:/:-F(E*+$"!'O&!P&(!(!
BI%#+&&%&*!"$!+&#"#"#+( &K(#+QP(!"!64:4,:8/,A
@)!+#$#%!A
BJ($*K?>%!"%#>K?>!?L!?$+%& L*?(+%*#+R%$#!+($!K%&?E&(!(!&
BC4/,
BI%#++*?(%+&?$+&? L*?%(!?L!?$+%&O$S?#*+%QE&
BC4=-/,0 (!&K(#+
BI%#+&&#("#!$!#!#$!?++++$?*>?!)#
BCD=89 L*?(+%*#+R%$#!+!K%&?E&!P&(!(!&
012345678294
454
4
012345678294
454
4
012345678294
454
4
bcde bcde bcde
T?%%U%L%>#!" f!#$(*%$?K&K$P%#&#+!'A I+?+#%i(!$*?&&%?>$!>+?+$K%(&RL'#A
]!$jE#+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^ ]!$[E#+@>#!(!"!+$K%(
]!$^E #+@>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLkj ]!$lE #+_>#!(!"!+$K%(
]!$@E #+m>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^ ]!$nE#+m>#!(!"!+$K%(
VK!K>AI+?!?#)!*?K$WXYZ@(%[K%!"&>++\$?+]A VK!K>+K?A ]!$_E#+@>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLko ]!$pE#+_>#!(!"!+$K%(
^P^P_P_P^P_`J!#$!!?%%!'a $K%gZhLJ ]!$mE #+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLko ]!$joE #+_>#!(!"!+$K%
J!#$!&!U%%#+(!+$K%(&RL*%(+%$!>+?$+#+(
Z!#+E
Z!+$K%(&RLE
012345678294
454
4
~cd 012345678294
454
4
bcde
I+?+#%i(!$*?&&%?>$!>+?+$K%(&RL'#A
bc
de
-./-0:4,2/{(%+##>&#!!*?!"!'!"(+#+#!*%(+%$
]!$jE#+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^ ]!$[E#+@>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLkj #%#!*+%!'
]!$^E #+@>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLkj ]!$lE #+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLko $)#&?>=/:/02/,-.E!??!"!">
]!$@E #+m>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^ ]!$nE#+m>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^
]!$_E#+@>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLko ]!$pE#+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLk^
]!$mE #+_>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLko ]!$joE #+m>#!(!"!+$K%(&RLkj
J!#$!&!U%%#+(!+$K%(&RL*%(+%$!>+?$+#+(+q $)#&?>=/:/024,/7E!?%L%(#!?!">
C4/,089-/ rstutvtutstutstvtstvw0;0xy0z0sy;xy0z0s0:/{8,
C4/,096D<=3FG:0 r|txt|tytytxtyt|t|txw0;0xy0z0xx;xy0z0x}x0r9/,2/:<4,=/{w
!"#$%&'!(#)#$*#)#+,+-./0./123./-4567 !"#$%&'!(#)#$*#)#+,+-./0./123./-4567 !"#$%&'!(#)#$*#)#+,+-./0./123
89:;<= 89:;<= 8u:vw
0123426789
49289427346 0 123426789
49289427346
>?9?@74 A
012342]4^N_MO`PaKbMO`JcOdc_434SB2SC?44@4V23427
>B2@?C86262 DEFGH ]4^N_MO`PfNOgNhiKbjNLMEklmnG
I>JKLMNOPQPAPE93@472@4BR?9?@47492B2SC?44@4G 0oNbN 6?6?4@4pB2@?q97?62]4 q97?62EqG@9r
0123426789
49289427346 2342S8?6]4
0 123426789
49289427346
>?9?@74TUA 0
4C4@2?474@2C4@4OcJKbMhLNOPhNiK`sbMh
>B2@?C86262 DEVFEVFGGHDEGH> 0
2472C49?B283B234276@9S
I>JKLMNOPQPWPXTYAZPQPT[\PE994@44924@4]4@93@472@4BR?9?@4
74492B2SC?44@4G 0tPjKOMa NJsLcaUPcOMJsLcaUPfMJsLcaJc_iMJsLca
&'#$&$!$##$ !"#$(&#"#$*#)#+,+¤#"#
!!$#$&)# &)# !"#$ 0z7?946r494VC¢4944@4]42q2262746r442¥nk¦§¨
!"#$&$*&$(&$)"# &$*&$(&$)"# ªn«¬¦«¨¦¥¨¥¦®m¦®¦°̄¥nk¦§¨©ªn¥¦«¥nª¦«¦©±²n©³¦«¦©
P
4@4 2@9 43 E@247 4C4@
4@4 89243 4@4? 2@9 43
4@48S243892432@9 43
2?474?@?74@48S243 E@2474C4@2?474?@?7
489243G 4@48S243G
¡?7?94 @626@943
9?@4S4 ?@?7 C?7?94
9?@4S4 r234 6r494 4@4
6¢494@C4@ @626@943@9B44C4@4 r2S8434@4?S?3@2S843
]4 C9r44]4 r649 0?7?9C9r44 4924624C4@2B2@?4
E76@92SG
µcNbiM_X¶¦«®¨·n±\¸ZUPKaM_Xmn³¨·n¹¸ZUPºKbaKOiM_X¸ZP hcbNO»KiNh
¡432 692 2?474
4C4@2?474?@?74432626 ¡?7?94 @62 6@943
@9?@4S4?@?744326266@4@26@27 6@4@26@27 3r2B 34e?@E6@4@26@27 6¢494¢C4@69B444S? M_NMPJNhaMJcJLNOPJMOMJcJPX¼©®n«¶¦®¨·n«¦©½nZUP¾KOiNO`¿«¦©½nÀ°̄iNOLN
3r2B34e?@E6@4@26@272q96243G 2q96243G 4S? B4]46¢494?S?S XaMJ^NO`fNhcZUPiNOLNbbsbX`N_NifNhcZP hcbNOKfNbNONiN
7S?724]4 @247
6r4]4794@4£94@4
023456789
2922
97 lmnopqrstpmuptpv6npotwrx lmnopqrstpmuptpv6npotwrx
<=>?@>AB@CDAEFEGHIJKL@MLN@M@AMOPLPLMQOCR@N>FESHTGHIJHUVHUI:WHEH
#$%& <XL@PM>?N>?@QY@CDZ@CNOCD@C[
-HUI]HyH̀UI]Hy
!" '()* +, <\FUJW]^H_TJ̀HaHb:cXL@PM>?dOPM@Q@efghiAXL@PM>?XONL@efjhiAXL@PM>?XOM>D@efkh EFUFUT^]HUUJ̀HJ]^H_TJ̀z
! (*- 1)"- 4)(")*- <{LKLCN@M@
'./0, '230, '0, <|OCMLZ@C?OM@ZfACB@
56#$7#67&8#69$ 56#$7#7&9 <|OCMLZ@CC>?@>fACB@
'"4 +:; !, '+ - *:; !,
lmnopqrstpmuptpv4swrx
CA}ADOC@d CA}AD@CR>? <=>?@>AB@CDAEFEGHIJaHTH:QOCR@N>WFS^`^yGHIJHUWHEHGFWH_
<~OK>?KOP>CDN>?@QY@CDZ@CNOCD@C1 ijiikiiiiiii
<\FUJWHaHiAB@>ML
<(^E^W:aFWJ̀:LCMLZAN@M@AMLCDD@?
<(^E^WdOPKOCM>?N@M@AMLCDD@?
<kAc
abbcbb
5678
9 67
7
5678
677
hijk
,& -1/4 56*E$ .0/.
567%)( 89:;< 567%)( 89:;< fbcbb *"))$)7)!) $*E!$6*$)E)
85777>7
7
>74
w231 "!" ))
8568)E)!)$%)$E"!"*)!748
"
gbcbb
=7>7?7>7 -0/. =7>7?7>7 -0/. $%)$E"!"$%
$6))6E67")7)!) $*E!$
bcbb
)E)
85777>7
7
76
HIJKL HIJKL HIJKL HIJKL HIJKL HIJKLNMHIJKLNM HIJKL HIJKL HIJKL
0123456789
KNWTUV[ KǸS__Y K KNU[UUY KN[UUY ]V[UUY ZSU[\T MNXWVVY MNSTUVW MNOPQRST
55755777 ^XWV_[Q
Ê7 >577
Ê7 >577
pqrstuvwxtstuytzt{|{}ts~tx~~ztv 4&234%7*4+447+%324*444%7*0*0)!
¡¢£¡¤{¥¤¦¤ 4+434+40&24$+4207*%7547&+47*43*%824&2$$
AB??B<B<B??@?B<A;@A;A<??<<&%64347*4+4713143 §34)234)2
?B?@<@@7434+'4)0@??B<@?B<;?@B?<;???B<??<
;?<??<@??<BA?A<;B?@B?<??<?;A<;@?B /90&24!
& / ,$$-7.#$7#
/9# 4+40 /9#
.0 .0
831413&234)234)2§# /934)234)2!
6234+%324*44431413&2
,:-
8,:8-
# #
/9#
0 8!431413&2
)4*1+,-43454339.30455/03511
012345
70353898
043898
575
!"
4&'75
((!"
2.30455/035113456768895:9;<9=>?98=4@?9A9=A4@:4?995:4
B4C9@9433ADE"95=9@984FG3AG88G5=@GF?95A4@F98695?H
=4@;9?9AKLM:98=4@>N
OPQRSRTRU
VWXYZ[\]^_[
`aXbbccd