4/19/2022

LECTURE OBJECTIVES
DEVELOPING CREATIVITY 2

 To examine the roles of creativity.

AND UNDERSTANDING  To review the major components of the creative
INNOVATION process.
 To introduce the four major types of innovation.

 To define and illustrate the sources of innovation

The era of the intelligent man/woman is almost over for entrepreneurs.
and a new one is emerging – the era of the creative
man/woman.

INNOVATION AND THE INNOVATION AND THE

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ENTREPRENEUR 4
ENTREPRENEUR
 Innovation is a true mark of entrepreneurs  A prospective entrepreneur must have the desire
(Schumpter 1934). to bring a good idea through the development
 Key function in the entrepreneurial process stages.
 To innovate - To bring novelties,  Innovation is a combination of vision to create a

 To create- To bring something into existence.

good idea and perseverance and dedication to
remain with the concept through implementation.
 Innovation is a process by which entrepreneurs
 Potential entrepreneurs are always looking for
convert opportunities into marketable ideas.
unique opportunities to fill needs or wants.

IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY

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 How entrepreneurs do what they do:  Meaning: Generation of ideas that result in
 Creative thinking + systematic analysis = improved efficiency or effectiveness of a
success system.
 Two key aspects: process (a goal oriented,
 Seek out unique opportunities to fill needs and designed to attain a solution to a problem) and
wants, people (The resources that determine solution).
 Turn problems into opportunities,  Two approaches in solving a problem: adapt
and innovate.
 Recognize that problems are to solutions what
demand is to supply.

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TWO APPROACHES TO CREATIVE

PROBLEM SOLVING THE NATURE OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS
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 Creativity is a process that can be developed

and improved.
 Some individuals have a greater aptitude for

creativity than others.

 Some people have been raised and educated

in the environment that encouraged them to

develop their creativity.

BACKGROUND OR KNOWLEDGE
CREATIVITY PROCESS ACCUMULATION
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 Four (4) steps:  Successful creations are preceded by

1. Background or knowledge accumulation
 This usually involves different ways:
2. The incubation process
3. The idea experience
4. Evaluation and implementation
investigation and information gathering.
 Read in the variety of fields
 Join professional groups and associations
 Talk to anyone and everyone about your
subject
 Scan magazines, newspapers, and journals
 Devote time to pursue natural curiosities

THE INCUBATION PROCESS THE IDEA EXPERIENCE

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 Occurs while engaged in activity unrelated to  When the idea or solution is discovered
subject or problem  Steps
 Helpful steps to induce incubation
Daydream and fantasize about the project
 Engage in routine mindless activities
Practice your hobbies
 Exercise regularly
Work in a leisurely environment
 Play (sports, board games, puzzles)
Put the problem on the back burner
 Think about the project or problem before falling
asleep Keep a notebook at bedside

 Meditate or practice self-hypnosis Take the breaks while working

 Sit back and relax on a regular basis

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EVALUATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION THE CREATIVE THINKING PROCESS
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 Useful suggestions
 Increase your energy level (exercise, diet, rest).

 Educate yourself in business plan process.

 Test your ideas with knowledgeable people.

 Take notes of your intuitive feelings.

 Educate yourself in selling process.

 Learn about organizational policies and practices.

 Seek advise from others.

 View the problem encountered.

DEVELOPING YOUR CREATIVITY DEVELOPING YOUR CREATIVITY

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 Recognizing Relationships
 Developing a Functional Perspective
 Looking for different or unorthodox relationships
 Viewing things and people in terms of how
among the elements and people around you.
 The activity involves perceiving in relational mode
they can satisfy his or her needs and help
 The relationships can be complimentary or
complete a project.
appositional with other things and people You may visualize yourself on complementary
 The relationships often lead to vision that result in new relationships to the things and people
ideas, products and services You must begin in non conventional way and
from different perspectives
(Execise)

DEVELOPING YOUR CREATIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE PEOPLE

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 Using Your Brains  Bright but not necessarily brilliant

 The right brain helps us understand analogies, imagine
 Ability to generate ideas within short period
things, and synthesize information.
 Have positive image of themselves
 The left brain helps us analyze, verbalize, and use
rational approaches to problem solving.  Sensitive to the environment

 Creative process involves logical and analytical  Motivated by challenging problems

thinking in knowledge accumulation, evaluation, and  Value their independence

implementation stages.  Rely on facts

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THE CREATIVE CLIMATE THE CREATIVE CLIMATE

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 Important characteristics:  Willingness to accept change.

 Trustful management does not over control.  Enjoyment in experimenting with new ideas.
 Open communication among members of  Little fear of making a mistake.

business.  Selection of employees on the basis of merit.

 Contact and communication with outsiders.  Techniques that encourage ideas.

 Variety of personality types.  Sufficient resources.

INNOVATION PROCESS TYPES OF INNOVATION

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 The innovation process is more than just a good In order of originality

idea.  Invention-Creation of a new product, service or

 An idea arising from speculation differs from

process-revolutionary.
one produced by extended thinking,  Extension- The expansion of a product, service

research, experience, and work. or process.

 Duplication- Replication+ own creative touch.
 Innovation combines the vision to create a
 Synthesis-Combination of existing factors into a
good idea with the perseverance to implement
new formulation.
the concept.

INNOVATION IN ACTION SOURCES OF INNOVATION

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Innovation do not create change; they exploit it

 Unexpected occurrences - unexpected successes or
failure may be major innovative surprise, e.g.
Samsung Galaxy 7 (S7)
 Incongruities - occurs when differences exist
between expectations and reality, e.g. introduction
of sim-banking to complement ATM machine services
 Process need - Exist whenever demand for the
entrepreneur to innovate exists and answer a
particular need-e.g. creation of health foods and
time saving devices.

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SOURCES OF INNOVATION SOURCES OF INNOVATION

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 Industry and market changes - shifts in
consumer attitudes, advancement in technology,
industry growth etc.
 Demographic changes - trend changes in
population, age, education, occupations,
geographic locations etc.-influx of retirees may
create innovation for recreational and health
care industries.
 Changes in perception - cause major shifts in
ideas -demand for health facilities and food in
TZ has lead to creation of Gym industry and
vegetarian dishes products.
 Knowledge based innovation - new
knowledge creates demand for other products
e.g. computers with diskettes, flash discs etc.

PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION

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 Be action oriented-searching for new ideas  Try-test-make errors-revise –follow the rule-allows
and sources of innovation. to work out any flaws in the product, process or
 Make your innovation simple and service.
understandable.  Learn from failure-innovation does not guarantee
 Make the product, service, process customer a success-failures may give rise to innovations.
oriented.  Reward heroic activity-motivate others to innovate.
 Start small-begin small and then build and
 work, work, work-it takes work not genius.
develop.
 Aim high-aim high by seeking a niche in the
market place.

INNOVATION TYPES OF INNOVATORS

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Limitations (a) Gatekeepers - collect and channel information

 Entrepreneurs are not necessarily innovators-
they are likely to be exploiters and
developers of the ideas which are developed
by large firms .
 Calculated risk taking is contradictory to the
idea of innovation.
about changes in the technical environment to the
relevant person. stay current with events and
ideas through personal contacts, meetings and
news media.
(b) Idea Generators - This role involves analysis of
information about new technologies, products or
procedures to yield a new idea for the company.

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TYPES OF INNOVATORS TYPES OF INNOVATORS

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(c) Champions - advocates and push for the new
idea. Involves obtaining and applying the
resources and staff to demonstrate the ideas
feasibility.
(d) Project managers - someone who draws up
schedules and budgets, arrange periodic
information sessions and status report, coordinate
resources and monitor progress against plan.
(e) Coaches - This addresses the technical and
interpersonal aspects in the innovation process.
Provide technical training and help people
work together to turn and idea into tangible
result.

Individual Assignment
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 Do the E-TYPE TEST, count the frequency of each

of the nine codes regarding personality and work
habits.
 Based on your scores, write down a discussion or
debate on your personalities and work habit traits
versus your real career path (Do they match or
diverge? What should be done?).
 Submit your assignment by Friday, April 22nd 2022,
not later than1600 hours at B 410.