Prodi Hukum Keluarga Islam

22 Juni 2022

PERAN PERADABAN ISLAM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ILMU

PENGETAHUAN
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris
Dosen Pengampu : Shokhikatul Khasanah, S.Pd, M.Pd.

Oleh:
Achmad Syafi’e

PRODI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM

STAI NURUD DHALAM
GANDING SUMENEP JAWA TIMUR
TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021-2022
 The Role Of Islamic Civilization In
Development Of Science And Science
Achmad Syafi’e
Hukum Keluarga Islam, STAI Nurud Dhalam
Jl. Tana Bentar Barat, Kec. Ganding Kab. Sumenep Jawa Timur 69462
achsyafie665@gmail.com
Abstrak
This paper discusses the triumph of
civilization Islam from the perspective
of science knowledge. History shows
that Islamic civilization has achieved
success, one indicator of the triumph
of Islamic civilization it is an indicator
in the field of science knowledge.
There are two main elements of
success Islamic civilization from the
perspective of science knowledge,
namely the high level of scientific
activity and the progress of science,
both science religion and general
science. Scientific activity What is
meant is the author of books scientific
and translation movement. Progress
science in religious disciplines includes
interpretation, hadith, kalam and fiqh.
While advances in general science
includes philosophy, medicine,
astronomy, mathematics, and
geography.
Keywords - Science; Islam; Science;
Religion ; Knowledge
I - PRELIMINARY
Attention and interest of scholars
and Muslim scientists to Science very
big. At a time when the Western world
influenced by the teachings of the
Church which states anti and against
science in the Middle Ages, Islam
actually stated otherwise, that Science
Knowledge cannot be separated from
Islamic Civilization.
As the words of the Prophet
Muhammad :
"Whoever wants to live in peace in
world, the instrument is knowledge.
Who wants live happily in the afterlife,
the ingredients are knowledge. And
whoever wills both, the ingredients are
knowledge".1
Which Islamic Civilization has this
ever been reached its heyday, the
time when Islamic civilization plays a
big role to the development of science
modern. This is called the Golden Age
Islam.
This civilization is a torch holder the
second relay of scientific development
human knowledge. First, start since
the Classical eras of Greece, Rome,
Persia and India to then stick the torch
passed on to scientists Europe that is
entering the Age of Renaissance.
Islamic civilization itself is a topic
which is quite often mentioned in
various meetings, both in class,
mosque and in open discussion. But
unfortunately, no all understand well
1
Adang Afandi, Conception of Islam and its
History, PT. Rosdakarya Youth, Bandung Cet.
IV, 1994
about civilization Islam and its role.
Therefore, the author decides to
choose a written work that entitled
"The Role of Islamic Civilization in
Development of science".2
II – LITERATURE REVIEW
Science is a source of life for
humans who are used to support their
duties as caliphs on earth. With
science, humans can maintain,
preserve and prosper the earth. With
science, humans can understand the
power of Allah SWT much better.
Islam is a religion brought by the
Prophet Muhammad SAW for
mankind so that they can live happily
in this world and the hereafter.3
Science is a way to acquire new
knowledge in the form of scientific
products and scientific attitudes
through an activity called the scientific
process.
III – WRITING TECHNIQUES
The writing of this paper includes
an introduction, literature review,
writing techniques, discussion as well
as conclusions and suggestions.
Before collecting data, we
determine the theme to be discussed,
make an outline paper, analyze the
problem and then collect references
from the internet and books.
IV - DISCUSSION
The Development of Science During
the Heyday of Islam
The popularity of the Abbasid State
reached its peak during the caliph
Harun al-Rashid (786-833) and his son
2
Badri Yatim, History of Islamic Civilization,
PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2000
3
Hasymy, A., History of Islamic Culture,
Jakarta Star Moon, Cet. V, 1995
al-Ma'mun (813-833 AD). During the
Abbasid era, the capital city of
Baghdad became the center of Muslim
intellectuals, where there was the
development of Islamic science and
culture. Schools and academics appear
in every corner. Large public libraries
were established and open to anyone
so that the great philosophical
thoughts of the classical era were
studied side by side with Islamic
science.
It was at this time that the
development and emergence of
science, both in the fields of religion
and non-religion and Islamic culture.
This era has given birth to Islamic
scientists with various discoveries that
rocked the world. For example, al-
Khwarizmi (780-850) who discovered
the number zero and his name was
immortalized in the branch of
mathematics, Ibn Sina (980-1037)
whose name was famous in West as
Avicenna, a legendary Islamic medical
expert with his scientific work Qanun
(Canon) which became a reference for
medical science for Western students
and Al-Biruni (973-1048) who made
observations on plants.
In the fields of education and
literature, Caliph al-Ma'mun showed
his great concern. Collected tips that
exist in the areas of his power such as;
Syria, Africa and Egypt. Old books
were translated into Arabic. Al-
Maknun Palace seemed to be a
meeting place for science and
literature, not the center of
government and caliphate. Because
there consist of teacher critics and
translators.
It is not surprising that Baghdad
became brilliant not as the capital of
the Abbasid caliphate but as a center
of culture, art, and literature that has
never been seen by mankind.
Cultural Development, The culture
that developed during the Islamic
heyday was as follows :
a. Politics and Government
The pattern of leadership in Islam
both when the Prophet was still
alive and when he died continued
to develop, this underlies the basis
of one's faith in Allah and His
Messenger.
b. Social and Economic Sector
Islam teaches its people to have a
high work ethic. Economy is the
basic capital to build the people to
continue the values of the struggle
to uphold Islamic law.
c. Field of Education and Science
Seeking knowledge of law is
obligatory for men and women in
Islam. The heyday of the Abbasid
dynasty has shown how Islam has
been able to make a valuable
contribution to the advancement of
human civilization knowledge.
d. Art field
Cultural arts also continue to
develop, namely in the field of
sound art, such as reading the
Qur'an. In music, such as
tambourine, kasidah, nasid. In
dance, such as Sufi dance, Saman
dance and in fine arts such as Al-
Qur'an calligraphy and architectural
art.
The cause of the destruction of the
heyday of Islam
First, is the criticism of Al Ghazali
who opposes the influence of Greek
philosophy which upholds logic in
scientific reasoning in the civilization
of the Islamic world. Although Ibn
Rushd had been adamant against it, Al
Ghazali still declared "war" against the
influence of Greek philosophy and
wanted the purification of Islamic
teachings. Since the change in the
philosophy of purification, the Islamic
Golden Age has experienced a drastic
decline, so that it rarely produces
great scientists like in the 9-11
centuries ago.
Second, the invasion of the
Mongols which finally destroyed
Baghdad along with the most
complete library as well as the center
of knowledge at that time, Bayt Al
Hikmah. Luckily, hundreds of
thousands of manuscripts from Bayt Al
Hikmah were saved by Al-Tusi to the
Maragheh Observatory, Azerbaijan,
which later became a source of
reference and inspiration for
European scientists during the
Renaissance and Enlightenment.
The Development of Modern Science
The development and progress of
human civilization cannot be
separated from the role of science.
What is meant by modern times in this
case is the last years that we are living
up to now. New things found at one
time become an important element
for other discoveries in the next
period.4
The development of science in
modern times is developing very
quickly. each science develops itself
into branches because of the various
discoveries that have been made. For
example, in the past the science that
4
Hasymy, A. History of Islamic Culture, Jakarta
Star Moon, Cet. V, 1995
deals with all living things was biology,
now biology itself has been divided
into very many branches.
communication satellites, internet
and so on. In the health sector, such
as stethoscopes, x-ray machines,
vaccines and so on.
As has been written above, the new
things that we find in this modern era
can not be separated from the various
discoveries and scientific foundations
created by scientists in the past.
V – CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
The heyday of Islam occurred
during the Caliph Harun Ar Rashid and
his son Al Ma'mun, when all the most
brilliant scientists and scholars on
earth at that time gathered in one
Arab, Persian and Spanish caliphate. It
is through the Islamic world that they
explore and develop modern science.
When the Western world felt the need
for deeper knowledge, its attention
was turned not first to Greek sources,
but to Arabic sources.
Islamic Civilization. This civilization
became the bridge of transition from
abstract classical Greek philosophy to
more detailed subjects with
observational reasoning. This
civilization was the first to produce
scientific research methods until it
was finally perfected by European
scientists who wielded the third baton
who also had ups and downs due to
the influence of the Roman Catholic
Church which prohibited the
development of science in the Dark
Ages of the West. Until finally "new
heroes" were born in Europe who
again gave light to the world with new
understandings such as Galileo Gelilei,
Copernicus, Darwin, Newton, to
Einstein.
The lesson that can be drawn from
the heyday of Islam is that modern
world civilization today actually owes
a lot to the heyday of Islamic
civilization. So, we must not forget the
role of the Golden Age of Islamic
Civilization. The real lesson that we
can get from this extraordinary
civilization is that Islamic civilization
was once so advanced because Islamic
civilization at that time highly
respected the open access to
knowledge from various sources. They
value scientists from before as well as
from different cultures (Greek,
Roman, Persian, Indian) as the first
figures to refine our view of the
classification of science and logic.
Scientists are very open with Jews,
Christians, Sabians, and Zoroastrians
(Majusi) to join together to build this
world and contribute to developing
knowledge to make this world a better
place.
So study diligently and earnestly, in
balance with religious knowledge. Be a
generation of Indonesian Muslims
who participate in the development of
science. Cheers to all of us.
REFERENCE
[1] Adang Afandi, Islamic Conception
and Its History, PT. Rosdakarya
Youth, Bandung Cet. IV, 1994
[2] Badri Yatim, History of Islamic
Civilization, PT. Raja Grafindo
Persada, Jakarta, 2000
[3] Hasymy, A., History of Islamic
Culture, Jakarta Star Moon, Cet. V,
1995
[4] Syalabi, A, Prof. Dr., Islamic History
and Culture 3, Trans. Muhammad
Labib, Pustaka_Al-Husnah, Jakarta,
1993
SOAL

1. Jelaskan pengertian ilmu pengetahuan.?

2. Paparkan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa kerajaan isalam dan
modern.?
3. Perkembangan budaya ataupun kebudayaan pada masa kerajaan islam
berkembang dalam bidang apa saja dan jelaskan.?
4. Dari tahun berapa dan sampai tahun berapa masa kejayaan daulah
abbasiyah dicapai.?
5. Hadist nabi yang menerangkan betapa pentingnya ilmu.?