TEOREMA MILITAR
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PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto.
A UN assessment published this week on the
progress made in stemming the global loss of species
made depressing reading. Not one of the 20 targets
adopted by 196 countries in a convention on
biodiversity in 2010 has been met. And the latest
biennial Living Planet Report from the WWF, an
environmental group, found that animal populations
worldwide shrank by an average of two-thirds between
1970 and 2016. The falls were greatest in the tropics.
In Latin America and the Caribbean animal populations
fell by 94%, on average, during the period. It is some
comfort that around the world biodiversity and climate
change have become big political issues. In Australia
koala bears have almost brought down a state
government.
(www.economist.com, 18.09.2020.)
1. The chart shows details about the following
excerpt from the text:
a) “In Latin America and the Caribbean animal
populations fell by 94%, on average, during the
period”.
b) “In Australia koala bears have almost brought down
a state government”.
c) “Not one of the 20 targets adopted by 196 countries
in a convention on biodiversity in 2010 has been
met”.
d) “A UN assessment published this week on the
progress made in stemming the global loss of
species”.
e) “It is some comfort that around the world
biodiversity and climate change have become big
political issues”.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir.
Question: Is there anything I can do to train my
body to need less sleep?
Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016
Many people think they can teach themselves
to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid
Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and
Circadian Neurobiology at the University of
Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might
feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re
deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because
lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you
deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the
less accurate you are of judging your own sleep
perception,” she said.
Multiple studies have shown that people don’t
functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need.
There is a range of normal sleep times, with most
healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of
sleep per night, according to the National Sleep
Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight
hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10
hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours.
People’s performance continues to be poor while they
are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.
Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or
autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for
sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the
University of Maryland School of Medicine. A
misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake
cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith
said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being
stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as
from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital
screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a
time of day when the body wants to be winding down.
(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
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2. No primeiro parágrafo, a resposta da Dra. Sigrid
Veasey à questão “Is there anything I can do to train
my body to need less sleep?” indica que
a) é incorreto pensar que seja possível aprender a
dormir menos que o necessário.
b) leva um longo tempo para o corpo se acostumar
com menos horas de sono.
c) a maioria das pessoas não percebe a sua real
necessidade de descanso.
d) é ilusório pensar que dormir em demasia melhora o
rendimento quando se está acordado.
e) algumas pessoas conseguem dormir cada vez
menos sem prejuízo à saúde.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Read the text below to answer the question(s).
My name is Patrick. I __________ on vacation
to Brazil last Summer, and I __________ in a five-star
hotel front of the beach in Rio de Janeiro.
I went to Rio by plane and I __________ a
month there. I __________ a lot of people and we
__________ a great time! I want to go back to Brazil
as soon as possible.
3. According to the text, it’s correct to say that the
statements are true, EXCEPT:
a) He liked the trip and intends to visit Brazil again.
b) He flew to Rio de Janeiro to spend his vacation
there.
c) Patrick had a great time with many people.
d) He traveled to Rio de Janeiro last summer.
e) He spent thirty days in a hotel near the city of Rio
de Janeiro.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
A couple of weeks ago I was asked what I thought the
future of technology in education was. It is a really
interesting question and one that I am required to
think about all the time. By its very nature, technology
changes at a fast pace and making it accessible to
pupils, teachers and other stakeholders is an ongoing
challenge. So what is the future? Is it the iPad? No, I
don't think it is. For me, the future is not about one
specific device. Don't get me wrong, I love the iPad. In
fact, I have just finished a trial to see if using them
really does support teaching and learning – and they
have proved effective. I've written about the trial in
more detail on my blog. iPads and other mobile
technology are the ‘now’. Although, they will play a
part in the future, four years ago the iPad didn't even
exist. We don't know what will be the current
technology in another four. Perhaps it will be wearable
devices such as Google Glass, although I suspect that
tablets will still be used in education. The future is
about access, anywhere learning and collaboration,
both locally and globally. Teaching and learning is
going to be social. Schools of the future could have a
traditional cohort of students, as well as online only
students who live across the country or even the
world. Things are already starting to move this way
with the emergence of massive open online courses
(MOOCs). For me the future of technology in education
is the cloud. Technology can often be a barrier to
teaching and learning. I think the cloud will go a long
way to removing this barrier. Why? By removing the
number of things that can go wrong. Schools will only
need one major thing to be prepared for the future.
They will not need software installed, servers or local
file storage. Schools will need a fast robust internet
connection. Infrastructure is paramount to the future
of technology in education. We don't know what the
new ‘in’ device will be in the future. What we do know
is that it will need the cloud. Schools and other
educational institutions will need to futureproof their
infrastructure the best they can.
(Source: The Guardian, Author: Matt Britland, 2013)
4. Select the alternative which contains correct
references for the words underlined in the text.
1. one – education
2. its – technology
3. them – ipad
4. they – schools
The correct sequence from the top to the bottom is:
a) 4 - 2 - 1
b) 2 - 3 - 4
c) 2 - 1 - 3
d) 1 - 3 - 4
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Five years ago, the book world was seized by
collective panic over the uncertain future of print.
As readers migrated to new digital devices, e-
book sales soared, up 1,260 percent between 2008
and 2010, alarming booksellers that watched
consumers use their stores to find titles they would
later buy online. Print sales dwindled, bookstores
struggled to stay open, and publishers and authors
feared that cheaper e-books would cannibalize their
business.
Then in 2011, the industry’s fears were
realized when Borders declared bankruptcy.
“E-books were this rocket ship going straight
up,” said Len Vlahos, a former executive director of the
Book Industry Study Group, a nonprofit research group
that tracks the publishing industry. “Just about
everybody you talked to thought we were going the
way of digital music.”
But the digital apocalypse never arrived, or at
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least not on schedule. While analysts once
predicted that e-books would overtake print by 2015,
digital sales have instead slowed sharply.
Now, there are signs that some e-book
adopters are returning to print, or becoming hybrid
readers, who juggle devices and paper. E-book sales
fell by 10 percent in the first five months of this year,
according to the Association of American Publishers,
which collects data from nearly 1,200 publishers.
Digital books accounted last year for around 20
percent of the market, roughly the same as they did a
few years ago.
E-books’ declining popularity may signal that
publishing, while not immune to technological
upheaval, will weather the tidal wave of digital
technology better than other forms of media, like
music and television.
E-book subscription services, modeled on
companies like Netflix and Pandora, have struggled to
convert book lovers into digital binge readers, and
some have shut down. Sales of dedicated e-reading
devices have plunged as consumers migrated to
tablets and smartphones. And according to some
surveys, young readers who are digital natives still
prefer reading on paper.
The surprising resilience of print has provided
a lift to many booksellers. Independent bookstores,
which were battered by the recession and competition
from Amazon, are showing strong signs of resurgence.
The American Booksellers Association counted 1,712
member stores in 2,227 locations in 2015, up from
1,410 in 1,660 locations five years ago.
Publishers, seeking to capitalize on the shift,
are pouring money into their print infrastructures and
distribution. Penguin Random House has invested
nearly $100 million in expanding and updating its
warehouses and speeding up distribution of its books.
It added 365,000 square feet last year to its
warehouse in Crawfordsville, Ind., more than doubling
the size of the warehouse.
“People talked about the demise of physical
books as if it was only a matter of time, but even 50 to
100 years from now, print will be a big chunk of our
business,” said Markus Dohle, the chief executive of
Penguin Random House, which has nearly 250 imprints
globally. Print books account for more than 70 percent
of the company’s sales in the United States.
Some 12 million e-readers were sold last year,
a steep drop from the nearly 20 million sold in 2011,
according to Forrester Research. The portion of people
who read books primarily on e-readers fell to 32
percent in the first quarter of 2015, from 50 percent in
2012, a Nielsen survey showed.
The tug of war between pixels and print
almost certainly isn’t over. Industry analysts and
publishing executives say it is too soon to declare the
death of the digital publishing revolution. An appealing
new device might come along. Already, a growing
number of people are reading e-books on their
cellphones. Amazon recently unveiled a new tablet for
$50, which could draw a new wave of customers to e-
books (the first-generation Kindle cost $400)
At Amazon, digital book sales have maintained
their upward trajectory, according to Russell
Grandinetti, senior vice president of Kindle. Last year,
Amazon, which controls some 65 percent of the e-book
market, introduced an e-book subscription service that
allows readers to pay a flat monthly fee of $10 for
unlimited digital reading. It offers more than a million
titles, many of them from self-published authors.
Some publishing executives say the world is
changing too quickly to declare that the digital tide is
waning.
“Maybe it’s just a pause here,” said Carolyn
Reidy, the president and chief executive of Simon &
Schuster. “Will the next generation want to read books
on their smartphones, and will we see another burst
come?”
www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23
5. As to the waning of the digital tide, Carolyn Reidy,
from Simon & Schuster, thinks that
a) it has come to stay for many more years.
b) people will stick to printed books from now on.
c) appealing new devices will come along to increase
e-book sales.
d) it might be only an interruption.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:
Advice for new students from those who know
(old students)
The first day of college I was a ball of nerves. I
remember walking into my first class and running to
the first seat I found, thinking everyone would be
staring at me. But nobody seemed to notice and then
it hit me: The fact that nobody knew me meant
nobody would judge, which, upon reflection, was what
I was scared of the most. I told myself to let go. All
along the year, I forced myself into situations that
were uncomfortable for me – for example, auditioning
for a dance piece. Believe it or not, that performance
was a highlight of my freshman year. My advice:
challenge yourself to try something new, something
you couldn’t have done in high school. – Ria Jagasia,
Vanderbilt University, ’18.
(Adaptado de
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/education/edlife/
advice-for-new-students-from-those-who-know-old-
students.html?ref=edlife.)
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6. No primeiro dia de faculdade, Ria ficou muito
nervosa
a) por não conhecer ninguém.
b) por achar que seria julgada pelos colegas.
c) porque ninguém olhou para ela.
d) porque não sabia dançar.
7. Para lidar com a situação, a estratégia adotada foi
deixar de se preocupar e
a) fazer coisas que nunca fez antes.
b) fazer novos amigos.
c) fazer um curso de dança como ouvinte.
d) abandonar o curso.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:
We’ve modified our behavior so we can text and
walk
Texting – or checking social media or
reading/responding to mail or reading the news or
checking the weather or watching a video – while
walking is a pretty common phenomenon. It’s so
common that most people who own a mobile device
have become texting walkers.
Research suggests that these texters adopt protective
measures to minimize the risk of accidents when
walking. They’re less likely to trip because they shorten
their step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the
time during which both feet are in contact with the
ground, and increase obstacle clearance height. Taken
together this creates an exaggerated image of walking,
but it apparently slows the walker enough so that he
registers some of what is happening around him and
can compensate for it.
(Adaptado de
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-
inpractice/we-ve-modified-our-behavior-so-we-can-
text-and-walk/.)
8. Segundo o texto, “Texting walkers” são pessoas
que
a) caminham longas distâncias e usam o celular para
registrar essas distâncias.
b) escrevem ou leem mensagens, ou veem vídeos no
celular enquanto caminham.
c) testam o celular como dispositivo para caminhadas
longas.
d) tropeçam e caem quando usam o celular enquanto
caminham.
9. Que mudanças no comportamento dessas pessoas
são decorrentes da adaptação à tecnologia
apresentada no texto?
a) Elas diminuem a extensão e a frequência dos
passos, aumentando o tempo em que os dois pés
ficam em contato com o chão; calculam melhor a
altura dos obstáculos no percurso.
b) Elas aumentam a extensão dos passos e diminuem
sua frequência, para que os dois pés fiquem mais
tempo em contato com o chão.
c) Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no
celular, a extensão do trajeto, a frequência dos
passos e o tempo em que os dois pés ficam em
contato com o chão.
d) Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no
celular, a extensão e a altura dos obstáculos do
percurso, a frequência dos passos e o tempo em
que os dois pés ficam em contato com o chão.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões).
“They don’t see us as a powerful economic force,
which is an incredible ignorance.” – Salma Hayek,
actor, denouncing sexism in Hollywood at the Cannes
Film Festival; until recently, she added, studio heads
believed women were interested only in seeing
romantic comedies.
(Time, 01.06.2015.)
10. Based on the information the text presents, one
can say that
a) both Hollywood and Cannes are important economic
forces that promote romantic comedies.
b) Salma Hayek believes Cannes Film Festival
organizers are ignorant because they have a biased
image of women.
c) failing to recognize women as an economic force is
a sexist behaviour.
d) Cannes Film Festival used to portray women in
romantic comedies.
e) most women in the United States would disagree
with Salma Hayek.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
Leia o texto e responda à(s) pergunta(s) de acordo
com as informações nele contidas.
Researchers have used a £ 1,250 system to
create a range of organic compounds and inorganic
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clusters – some of which are used to
create cancer treatments.
Longer term, the scientists say the process
could be used to make customised medicines.
They predict the technique will be used by
pharmaceutical firms within five years, and by the
public within 20.
“We are showing that you can take chemical
constituents, pass them through a printer and create
what is effectively a chemical synthesiser in which the
reaction occurs allowing you to get out something
different at the end,” researcher Mark Symes told the
BBC.
“We're extrapolating from that to say that in
the future you could buy common chemicals, slot them
into something that 3D prints, just press a button to
mix the ingredients and filter them through the
architecture and at the bottom you would get out your
prescription drug."
‘Revolutionising healthcare’
The 3D printing process involves the use of a
robotically controlled syringe which builds an object
out of a gel-based “ink”, into which chemicals and
catalysts are mixed.
“Chemists normally put chemicals in glassware
to create a reaction,” said Prof Lee Cronin, who came
up with the idea.
“What we are doing is mixing the concept of
the glassware and the chemicals together in the 3D
printer to create what we call ‘reactionware’”.
“It's almost like a cake – you print the last
reactionary agent first and then build other chemical
layers above, finally adding a liquid at the top. The
liquid goes to layer one making a new molecule which
goes to the next layer creating another and so on until
at the bottom you get your prescription drug out.”
Until now the researchers have used bathroom
sealant to create their reactor, and the substances
created have not been suitable for human
consumption.
But the scientists say their next step is to
switch ingredients and replicate drugs already available
in pharmacies. They also hope to work with engineers
to increase the printer's speed and resolution.
If successful, they say doctors and individuals
could ultimately download pre-set recipes and even
tailor medicines to their individual needs.
“This would not only place traditionally
expensive chemical engineering technology within
reach of typical laboratories and small commercial
enterprises, but also could revolutionise access to
healthcare and the chemical sciences in general in the
developing world,” they wrote in a paper published in
the Nature Chemistry journal.
Fonte: BBC News, 18/04/2012.
11. Choose the only correct alternative. What’s the
main idea of the text?
a) Pesquisadores utilizam impressoras 3D para criar
drogas e outros compostos químicos.
b) A tecnologia de impressão 3D reduz riscos de
contaminação na fabricação de medicamentos.
c) Impressoras 3D a serviço dos engenheiros químicos.
d) A tecnologia de impressão 3D a favor dos
farmacêuticos.
12. Choose the only correct alternative. Which of the
titles below best sums up the main idea of the text?
a) 3D Printer turns your ideas into real objects.
b) 3D printing has finally become accessible to
pharmaceutical firms.
c) 3D printers could create customised drugs on
demand.
d) 3D printing, an additive technology to pharmacists.
13. According to the scientists, the next step in order
to continue developing 3D printing technology would
be…
a) desenvolver técnicas para o uso de impressoras jato
de tinta.
b) mudar os ingredientes e replicar drogas já
disponíveis nas farmácias.
c) aumentar a velocidade e resolução das impressoras
jato de tinta.
d) utilizar outros elementos químicos para desenvolver
tratamentos contra o câncer.
14. Tattoo Regret? A Topical Removal Cream
May Help
By Paula Mejia
Tats all, folks: A Ph.D. student has developed a cream
that targets cells, not pigments, to get rid of unwanted
ink. Hannibal Hanschke/Reuters
Today, before getting inked, one must have a serious
think so as to avoid tattoo remorse. In the future,
though, you may not have to worry about laser
removal, or surgery, or a touch-up tattoo for those
inky regrets anymore, though. Alec Falkenham, a Ph.D.
candidate at Halifax, Nova Scotia‘s Dalhousie
University, has developed a painless tattoo removal
cream that causes tats to gradually fade away.
The application of the cream, which he hopes will
eventually become commercially available, involves
none of the inflammation, redness, blistering or
scarring side effects that traditional tattoo removal
procedures can have, either. He believes the
procedure might even be anti-inflammatory. All you
have to do is apply the topical cream to your skin.
Unlike lasers, which target the pigments in tattoos, the
Bisphosphonate Liposomal Tattoo Removal (BLTR)
cream targets macrophages, immune system cells that
work to rid foreign agents from your body. When you
tattoo your body, you are injecting ink deep into the
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dermis — and the macrophages recognize
tattoo ink as “foreign” invaders. Some of these
macrophages absorb the ink and then carry it to lymph
nodes, where both cells and ink are destroyed.
Em relação ao processo descrito no texto, para a
remoção de tatuagens, é correto afirmar que ele
a) é ainda um processo doloroso e caro.
b) requer a aplicação de um creme especial.
c) pode causar inflamação e outros efeitos colaterais.
d) deve ser evitado por pessoas com problemas
imunológicos.
15. Considere as formas linguísticas 1, 2 e 3.
1. Once upon a time, a princess...
2. Hello! Hang on, please!
3. Today‘s theme will be The French Revolution
Essas formas linguísticas são utilizadas,
respectivamente, nos seguintes gêneros textuais:
a) Telephone conversation – letter – fairy tale.
b) Letter – telephone conversation – conference.
c) Conference – telephone conference – fairy tale.
d) Telephone conversation – fairy tale – conference.
e) Fairy tale – telephone conversation – conference.
16. 36 hours in Buenos Aires
Contemporary Argentine history is a roller coaster of
financial booms and cracks, set to gripping political
soap operas. But through all the highs and lows, one
thing has remained constant: Buenos Aires’s graceful
elegance and cosmopolitan cool. This attractive city
continues to draw food lovers, design buffs and party
people with its riotous night life, fashion-forward
styling and a favorable exchange rate. Even with the
uncertain economy, the creative energy and
enterprising spirit of Porteños, as residents are called,
prevail – just look to the growing ranks of art spaces,
boutiques, restaurants and hotels.
SINGER, P. Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso
em: 30 jul. 2012.
Nesse artigo de jornal, Buenos Aires é apresentada
como a capital argentina, que
a) foi objeto de novelas televisivas baseadas em sua
vida noturna e artística.
b) manteve sua elegância e espírito cosmopolita,
apesar das crises econômicas.
c) teve sua energia e aspecto empreendedor
ofuscados pela incerteza da economia.
d) foi marcada historicamente por uma vida financeira
estável, com repercussão na arte.
e) parou de atrair apreciadores da gastronomia, devido
ao alto valor de sua moeda.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Read the text and answer the question(s).
Argentina defaults – Eighth time unlucky
Cristina Fernández argues that her country’s
latest default is different. She is missing the
point.
Aug 2nd 2014
ARGENTINA’S first bond, issued in 1824, was
supposed to have had a lifespan of 46 years. Less than
four years later, the government defaulted. Resolving
the ensuing stand-off with creditors took 29 years.
Since then seven more defaults have followed, the
most recent this week, when Argentina failed to make
a payment on bonds issued as partial compensation to
victims of the previous default, in 2001.
Most investors think they can see a pattern in
all this, but Argentina’s president, Cristina Fernández
de Kirchner, insists the latest default is not like the
others. Her government, she points out, had
transferred the full $539m it owed to the banks that
administer the bonds. It is America’s courts (the bonds
were issued under American law) that blocked the
payment, at the behest of the tiny minority of owners
of bonds from 2001 who did not accept the
restructuring Argentina offered them in 2005 and
again in 2010. These “hold-outs”, balking at the 65%
haircut the restructuring entailed, not only persuaded a
judge that they should be paid in full but also got him
to 1freeze payments on the restructured bonds until
Argentina coughs up.
Argentina claims that paying the hold-outs was
impossible. It is not just that they are “vultures” as
Argentine officials often put it, who bought the bonds
for cents on the dollar after the previous default and
are now holding those who accepted the restructuring
(accounting for 93% of the debt) to ransom. The main
problem is that a clause in the restructured bonds
prohibits Argentina from offering the hold-outs better
terms without paying everyone else the same. Since it
cannot afford to do that, it says it had no choice but to
default.
Yet it is not certain that the clause requiring
equal treatment of all bondholders would have applied,
given that Argentina would not have been paying the
hold-outs voluntarily, but on the courts’ orders.
Moreover, some owners of the restructured bonds had
agreed to waive their rights; 2had Argentina made a
concerted effort to persuade the remainder to do the
same, it might have succeeded. Lawyers and bankers
have suggested various ways around the clause in
question, which expires at the end of the year. But
Argentina’s government was slow to consider these
options or negotiate with the hold-outs, hiding instead
behind indignant nationalism.
Ms Fernández is right that the consequences
of America’s court rulings have been perverse,
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unleashing a big financial dispute in an
attempt to solve a relatively small one. But 3hers is not
the first government to be hit with an awkward verdict.
Instead of railing against it, she should have tried to
minimize the harm it did. Defaulting has helped no
one: none of the bondholders will now be paid,
Argentina looks like a pariah again, and its economy
will remain starved of loans and investment.
Happily, much of the damage can still be
undone. It is not too late to strike a deal with the hold-
outs or back an ostensibly private effort to buy out
their claims. A quick fix would make it easier for
Argentina to borrow again internationally. That, in
turn, would speed development of big oil and gas
deposits, the income from which could help ease its
money troubles.
More important, it would help to change
4
perceptions of Argentina as a financial rogue state.
Over the past year or so Ms Fernández seems to have
been trying to rehabilitate Argentina’s image and
resuscitate its faltering economy. She settled financial
disputes with government creditors and with Repsol, a
Spanish oil firm whose Argentine assets she had
expropriated in 2012. This week’s events have
overshadowed all that. For its own sake, and everyone
else’s, 5Argentina should hold its nose and do a deal
with the hold-outs.
(http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/216
10263. Adapted)
17. The word hers, as used in the reference 3, allude
to the Argentine
a) dispute.
b) verdict.
c) consequence.
d) court ruling.
e) government.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
CUL8R
If you’re one of the 70% of cell-phone users
who use text messaging, you know that CUL8R means
“See you later.”
“Texting” is now the new way to talk (or “tlk”),
especially for young people. But why is that?
IT’S A LOVE THING – There’s no doubt about
it, text messages are for personal communication. Only
10% of messages are work related, and the peak
hours for texting are between 10 : 30 and 11 : 00 at
night!
Most users (64%) say texting is a good way to
send romantic messages – it’s easier to say “I love
you” in a text message than in a phone call. Maybe
that explains why more people now use texting to
send Valentine’s Day messages.
UPSIDES AND DOWNSIDES – Generally,
texting is cheaper than making phone calls. It’s also
more direct, since you can send or get information
without having to ask and answer polite “How are
you?” questions. And it’s more discreet, too. No one
can hear your “conversations,” and you can receive
text messages almost anywhere – at work, in
meetings, or in class. You can also use texting in noisy
places like nightclubs, where using a cell phone is
difficult.
A NEW LANGUAGE? – Because it’s quicker to
“write” without apostrophes and vowels, texting has its
own language. And it’s fun to use the symbols. There’s
a best-selling dictionary (or “dxnre”) for texting called
Wan2tlk?
Some people say that a texting encourages
bad punctuation and spelling. On the other hand, more
teens are writing than ever before. Now, that has to be
a good thing.
(McCARTHY, M., McCARTEN, J. & SANDIFORD, H.
Touchstone. Cambridge University Press. USA, 2005.
Adaptado)
18. Why do some people think text messaging is
bad? Because
a) using texting is really very boring.
b) it is very difficult to get used to it.
c) it encourages bad punctuation and spelling.
d) it is faster than regular writing.
e) texting is funny but not useful.
19. What does “texting” mean, finally?
a) It’s a way of speaking teenagers use just not be
understood by their parents.
b) It’s a book or other piece of writing, especially one
connected with science or learning.
c) It’s a specific way of writing used by people who like
to navigate the Internet.
d) It’s a special way of communicating by writing
normally using the cell phone without the need of
speaking.
e) It’s a special way of communicating which is a little
more expensive than the usual one.
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20. What do people use texting for?

a) Unfortunately, people use it just to have fun with
friends.
b) They use texting to send messages to their bosses.
c) People text to solve problems at work regularly.
d) Most people use texting to cheat during a test at
school.
e) Most people use it for personal communication. A
few people use it for work.
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Gabarito Comentado:
Resposta da questão 1:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois “nas na América
Latina e no Caribe, as populações animais caíram
94%, em média, durante o período”. O texto coloca:
“In Latin America and the Caribbean animal
populations fell by 94%, on average, during the
period” (na América Latina e no Caribe, as populações
animais caíram 94%, em média, durante o período).
Resposta da questão 2:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois a resposta da Dra.
Sigrid Veasey é: “Many people think they can teach
themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said
Dr. Sigrid Veasey” (Muitas pessoas acham que elas
podem ensinar a si mesmas a precisar de menor
quantidade de sono, mas elas estão erradas, disse a
Dr. Sigrid Veasey).
Resposta da questão 3:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois não se pode
afirmar que "ele passou trinta dias em um hotel
próximo da cidade do Rio de Janeiro". O texto coloca:
"I went on vacation to Brazil last Summer, and I
stayed in a five-star hotel front of the beach in Rio de
Janeiro." (Eu fui de férias para o Brasil no verão
passado, e eu fiquei em um hotel cinco estrelas de
frente para a praia no Rio de Janeiro).
Resposta da questão 4:
[B]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois a palavra one não
se refere à educação, mas sim a question (questão). O
texto coloca: “It is a really interesting question and
one that I am required to think about all the time” (É
uma questão realmente interessante e uma que me
força pensar a todo o momento).
Resposta da questão 5:
[D]
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois com relação ao
alerta sobre a onda digital, Carolyn Reidy, da empresa
Simon & Schuster, acha que “ela pode ter sofrido
apenas uma interrupção”. O texto coloca: “’Maybe it’s
just a pause here,’ said Carolyn Reidy…” (“talvez seja
apenas uma pausa,” disse Carolyn Reidy).
Resposta da questão 6:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o texto coloca: "The
fact that nobody knew me meant nobody would judge,
which, upon reflection, was what I was scared of the
most" (o fato de ninguém me conhecer significava que
ninguém me julgaria, o que, pensando bem, era o que
eu mais temia).
Resposta da questão 7:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois o texto coloca: "My
advice: challenge yourself to try something new,
something you couldn’t have done in high school"
(meu conselho: desafie-se a tentar algo novo, algo que
você não poderia ter feito no ensino médio).
Resposta da questão 8:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o texto coloca:
"Texting – or checking social media or
reading/responding to mail or reading the news or
checking the weather or watching a video – while
walking is a pretty common phenomenon" (mandar
mensagens de texto - checar mídias sociais,
ler/responder correspondências, ler as notícias,
verificar o tempo ou assistir a um vídeo – enquanto
caminha é um fenômeno muito comum).
Resposta da questão 9:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois o texto coloca:
"They’re less likely to trip because they shorten their
step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the time
during which both feet are in contact with the ground,
and increase obstacle clearance height" (elas [as
pessoas] são menos propensas a tropeçarem porque
elas encurtam o passo, reduzem sua frequência,
aumentam o tempo de contato dos pés com o solo e
aumentam o apuramento da altura de obstáculos).
Resposta da questão 10:
[C]
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois afirma que "falhar
em reconhecer as mulheres como uma força
econômica é um comportamento sexista". O texto
coloca: "They don’t see us as a powerful economic
force, which is an incredible ignorance" (Eles [os
chefes de estúdios de Hollywood] não nos veem como
uma força econômica poderosa, o que é uma incrível
ignorância) e "Salma Hayek, actor, denouncing sexism
 TEOREMA MILITAR
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in Hollywood at the Cannes Film Festival"
(Salma Hayek, atriz, denunciando o sexismo em
Hollywood no festival de filmes de Cannes).
Resposta da questão 11:
[A]
A alternativa [A] é a correta, pois o texto coloca:
Longer term, the scientists say the process could be
used to make customised medicines (a longo prazo, os
cientistas dizem que o processo poderia ser usado para
fazer remédios customizados). Além disso, tem-se:
Researchers have used a £ 1,250 system to create a
range of organic compounds and inorganic clusters –
some of which are used to create cancer treatments
(os pesquisadores usaram um sistema de 1.250 libras
para criar uma variedade de compostos orgânicos e
aglomerados inorgânicos – alguns dos quais são
usados para criar tratamentos contra o câncer).
Resposta da questão 12:
[C]
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois é a que melhor
sintetiza a ideia principal do texto: “as impressoras 3D
poderiam criar medicamentos customizados sob
demanda”. O texto coloca: Longer term, the scientists
say the process could be used to make customised
medicines (a longo prazo, os cientistas dizem que o
processo poderia ser usado para fazer remédios
customizados).
Resposta da questão 13:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o texto coloca que
o próximo passo a fim de continuar a desenvolver a
tecnologia 3D seria: to switch ingredients and replicate
drugs already available in pharmacies (substituir
ingredientes e replicar drogas já disponíveis em
farmácias).
Resposta da questão 14:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o texto coloca: "A
Ph.D. student has developed a cream that targets
cells, not pigments, to get rid of unwanted ink (um
estudante de doutorado desenvolveu um creme que se
foca em células, e não em pigmentos, para eliminar
tinta indesejada).
Resposta da questão 15:
[E]
A forma 1 "Era uma vez uma princesa..." é usada em
contos de fada (fairy tales). A forma 2 "Alô! Espere um
pouco, por favor" é usada em conversas telefônicas
(telephone conversation). A forma 3 "O tema de hoje
será a Revolução Francesa" é usada em conferências
(conference).
Resposta da questão 16:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o texto coloca:
“Even with the uncertain economy, the creative energy
and enterprising spirit of Porteños, as residents are
called, prevail – just look to the growing ranks of art
spaces, boutiques, restaurants and hotels” (Mesmo
com a economia incerta, a energia criativa e o espírito
empreendedor dos Porteños, nome com o qual os
moradores são chamados, prevalecem – apenas preste
atenção às séries de galerias de artes, boutiques,
restaurantes e hotéis).
Resposta da questão 17:
[E]
O possessive pronoun refere-se ao governo da
presidente da Argentina. O texto coloca: "But hers is
not the first government to be hit with an awkward
verdict" (mas o dela não é o primeiro governo a ser
atingido por um veredicto estranho...).
Resposta da questão 18:
[C]
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois diz que algumas
pessoas acham o texting ruim pelo fato de "ele
encorajar pontuação e ortografia erradas". O texto
coloca: "Some people say that a texting encourages
bad punctuation and spelling" (algumas pessoas dizem
que o texting encoraja pontuação e ortografia
erradas).
Resposta da questão 19:
[D]
A alternativa [D] está correta, pois afirma que o
texting é "uma maneira especial de se comunicar
escrevendo-se normalmente com o celular sem a
necessidade de usar a fala". O texto coloca: "No one
can hear your 'conversations', and you can receive text
messages almost anywhere – at work, in meetings, or
in class" ([por meio do texting], ninguém consegue
ouvir suas 'conversas' em nenhum lugar - no trabalho,
em reuniões ou em aula).
Resposta da questão 20:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois afirma que a "a
maioria das pessoas uso o texting para comunicação
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pessoal. Poucas pessoas usam-no para o

trabalho" O texto coloca: "There’s no doubt about it,
text messages are for personal communication. Only
10% of messages are work related..." (não há dúvida
sobre isso, as mensagens de texto são para
comunicação pessoal. Apenas 10% das mensagens são
relacionadas a trabalho).