TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
The search for life beyond Earth
1We have always been fascinated by the
thought of alien life elsewhere in the universe. The
idea has provided 2the 3basis for a huge wealth of
science fiction stories that have been limited only by
our imaginations. But can other creatures exist in the
vast reaches of space or on other planets or moons?
And are there other intelligent forms of life out there –
or are we more likely to find something much simpler?
4Where are all the aliens?
Our Sun is just one star among billions in our
5
galaxy. In the last few years, scientists have detected
thousands of planets around other stars and it seems
that most stars have planetary systems. It’s therefore
likely that there will be large numbers of habitable
planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these
intelligent civilisations, if they’re out there, may have
even developed interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there
– or are we more likely to find something much
simpler?
But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent
aliens (yet?). This apparent high probability of life,
combined with a lack of evidence for its existence, is
called the Fermi Paradox, named for the physicist
Enrico Fermi who first 6outlined the argument back in
1950. This begs the question: where is everybody?
Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried
to rationalise this question by developing an equation
that takes into 7account all the factors relevant to
finding alien civilisations and gives an estimate of the
number of civilisations out there in the galaxy that
should be able to communicate with us. It considers
factors such as the 8rate of new star formation, how
many planets around those new and existing stars
might be able to support life, the number of planets
supporting intelligent 9life, how many of those
civilisations might have technology we can detect,
whether they’re likely to communicate with us here on
Earth, and so on.
The 10search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Scientists and radio astronomers have started
the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a
systematic manner. Several international organisations,
including the SETI Institute and the SETI League, are
using radio telescopes to detect signals that might
have been produced by intelligent life.
In 1995, the SETI Institute started 11Project
Phoenix, which used three of the most powerful radio
telescopes in the world: the Green Bank radio
telescope in West Virginia, USA; the Arecibo telescope
in Puerto Rico; and the Parkes radio telescope in NSW,
Australia. During its initial phase, Project Phoenix used
the Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from
202 Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away.
By the end of its operations, Project Phoenix had
scanned a total of 800 12‘nearby’ (up to 240 light years
away) stars for signs of life. The project detected some
cosmic noises, but 13none of that could be attributed to
aliens.
These days, anyone can become involved in
the search for extraterrestrial intelligence through their
personal computer.
While there’s currently excitement about
sending human crews to Mars, missions beyond the
Red Planet are at this stage pretty much not 14feasible
the distances and travel times involved are simply too
great. Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth
will need to be done using robotic space 15probes and
landing rovers. These instruments can provide a huge
wealth of information and are capable of exploring as
far away as Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar
system. But as for life beyond the solar system, the
nearest stars are several light years away, and even
communications by electromagnetic waves (which all
travel at the speed of light) are essentially going to be
a one-way message.
While we probably won’t find intelligent life too
close to home, 16there’s a chance we may still find
much simpler life forms. 17Do we have neighbours
beyond Earth? Time will tell – and the search
continues.
(Adapted from
https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-
time/search-lifebeyond- earth – Access on 16/02/19)
Glossary:
1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about
something
2. to take into account – consider something
3. rate – expansion
4. nearby – short distance away
5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
6. space probe – spy satellite
1. The word none (ref. 13) refers to
a) noises.
b) project.
c) aliens.
d) no one.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time
we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our
sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention
spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and
decision-making skills. But there is another reason for
us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main
stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our
health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced
cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average
American spends four hours a day staring at their
smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all
the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is
in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think
you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical
psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of
Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and
Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it
feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to
want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it
probably will make things worse in the long run. Any
time you check your phone, you’re likely to find
something else stressful waiting for you, leading to
another spike in cortisol and another craving to check
your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle,
when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically
elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated
cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of
serious health problems, including depression, obesity,
metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues,
high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and
stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019.
Adaptado.)
2. No trecho do segundo parágrafo “If they happened
only occasionally”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a:
a) “the body’s main stress hormone”.
b) “our phones”.
c) “phone-induced cortisol spikes”.
d) “the average American”.
e) “four hours a day”.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões).
The Mona Lisa was recently moved from her usual
gallery in the Salle des États, currently being
renovated, to a temporary home in the Galérie Médicis.
Visitors to the Louvre who have queued patiently for
hours are complaining that museum staff are allowing
them less than a minute to view the masterpice. The
relocation has created bottlenecks of visitors lining
corridors and the Louvre is now advising that only
those who have pre-booked will be guaranteed a
glimpse of the world’s most famous portrait.
(David Chazan. www.telegraph.co.uk, 13.08.2019.
Adaptado.)
3. In the excerpt “only those who have pre-booked
will be guaranteed a glimpse of the world’s most
famous portrait”, the underlined word refers to
a) hours.
b) bottlenecks.
c) corridors.
d) staff.
e) visitors.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Six thousand couples decided not to let the
coronavirus deter them from celebrating their happy
day. The multiple brides and grooms attended a mass
wedding ceremony in South Korea’s Unification Church
on Friday, in spite of the health scare from the
coronavirus in neighbouring China. The newlyweds
were joined by 24,000 guests; some renewing their
marriage vows and others watching friends and family
tie the knot. The church seemed well prepared for
such a large-scale event as staff handed out hand
sanitizer and surgical masks to all attendees. They also
checked the temperature of the couples.
Adapted from:
<https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2002/200211-
mass-wedding.html>
4. Who do the underlined possessive adjectives
"their" in the text refer to, respectively?
a) coronavirus / countries.
b) celebrate / marriage vows.
c) brides / couples.
d) grooms / newlyweds.
e) couples / guests.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Meditation: A simple, fast way to reduce stress
Meditation can wipe away the day's stress, bringing
with it inner peace. See how you can easily learn to
practice meditation whenever you need it most
By Mayo Clinic Staff
lf stress has you anxious, tense and worried,
consider trying meditation. Spending even a few
minutes in meditation can restore your calm and inner
peace.
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Anyone can practice meditation. It’s
simple and inexpensive, and it doesn’t require any
special equipment.
And you can practice meditation wherever you are -
whether you’re out for a walk, riding the bus, waiting
at the doctor’s office or even in the middle of a difficult
business meeting.
Meditation has been practiced for thousands of
years. Meditation originally was meant to help deepen
understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life.
These days, meditation is commonly used for
relaxation and stress reduction.
Meditation is considered a type of mind-body
complementary medicine. Meditation can produce a
deep state of relaxation and a tranquil mind.
During meditation, you focus your attention and
eliminate the stream of jumbled thoughts that may be
crowding your mind and causing stress. This process
may result in enhanced physical and emotional well-
being.
Benefits of meditation
Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and
balance that can benefit both your emotional well-
being and your overall health.
And these benefits don’t end when your meditation
session ends. Meditation can help carry you more
calmly through your day and may help you manage
symptoms of certain medical conditions.
Adapted from: <https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-
procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-
20045858>
5. Read the sentence below.
"Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and
balance,"
Mark the option that indicates the correct question for
the sentence above.
a) What do you do during meditation?
b) What are the benefits of meditation?
c) Why meditation is good for you?
d) What benefits do meditation have?
e) Does meditation have benefits?
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:
Read the text and answer question(s).
When “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” opens
on Dec. 18 and, for the first time in nearly a decade,
moviegoers can return to that galaxy of long ago and
far, far away, they will find that it contains two new
stars. The film, __________ is directed by J. J. Abrams
and continues the interstellar saga of Luke Skywalker,
Princess Leia and Han Solo some 30 years after the
events of “Return of the Jedi” (1983), is also a
launching pad for two young actors who are barely
half as old as the “Star Wars” franchise itself.
Daisy Ridley, who plays a mysterious
scavenger named Rey, and John Boyega, who plays a
disaffected stormtrooper named Finn, are among the
new heroes of “The Force Awakens” and are bracing
themselves for the biggest roles of their careers.
(www.nytimes.com.br)
6. The word themselves, in bold in the text, refers
to __________.
a) Daisy Ridley and John Boyega
b) Princess Leia and Han Solo
c) The Force Awakens
d) roles and careers
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à(s) questão(ões) a
seguir.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
German explosives experts defused a massive
Second World War bomb in the financial capital of
Frankfurt on Sunday after tens of thousands of people
evacuated their homes.
About 60,000 people were ordered to leave in
what was Germany’s biggest evacuation since the war,
with more than 1,000 emergency service workers
helping to clear the area around the bomb, which was
discovered on a building site last week. Police set up
cordons around the evacuation area, which covered a
radius of just under a mile (1.5 km), as residents
dragged suitcases with them and many families left by
bicycle.
The fire service said the evacuation of two
hospitals, including premature babies and patients in
intensive care, had been completed and they were
helping about 500 elderly people to leave residences
and care homes.
More than 2,000 tonnes of live bombs and
munitions are found each year in Germany, even under
buildings. In July, a kindergarten was evacuated after
teachers discovered an unexploded Second World War
bomb on a shelf among some toys. British and
American warplanes pummelled Germany with 1.5
million tonnes of bombs that killed 600,000 people.
Officials estimate that 15% of the bombs failed to
explode.
Frankfurt police said they rang every doorbell
and used helicopters with heat-sensing cameras to
make sure nobody was left behind before they began
defusing the bomb on Sunday.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
7. Choose the alternative with the correct reference
for the underlined words from the text.
a) their (paragraph 1) = experts.
b) which (paragraph 2) = the area.
c) them (paragraph 2) = suitcases.
d) they (paragraph 3) = the fire service.
e) that (paragraph 4) = warplanes.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
1Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. 2Slavery 3continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced
to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in 4sweatshops producing 5goods sold
globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to
pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older
men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in
modern
slavery around the world, including:
1. 10 million children
2. 24.9 million people in forced labour
3. 15.4 million people in forced marriage
4. 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
6Someone is in slavery if they are:
5. forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
1. 7owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the 8threat of
abuse;
2. dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘9property’;
3. physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of 10movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of
human society for most of human history. However,
Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that
this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist
(Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of 11exploitation can range from
forced prostitution and forced labour to forced
marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most
common forms of modern slavery.
1. Forced labour – any work or services which
people are forced to do against their 12will under
the threat of some form of punishment.
2. Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s
most widespread form of slavery, when people
borrow money they cannot repay and are
required to work to pay off the debt, then losing
control over the conditions of both their
employment and the debt.
3. Human trafficking– involves transporting,
recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose
of exploitation, using violence, threats or
coercion.
4. Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were
captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery
by descent.
5. Child slavery – 13many people often confuse
child slavery with child labour, but it is much
worse. 14Whilst child labour is harmful for
children and 15hinders their education and
development, child slavery occurs when a child
is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can
include child trafficking, child soldiers, child
marriage and child domestic slavery.
6. 16Forced and early marriage – 17when someone
is married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. 18Most child marriages can be
considered slavery.
Many forms of slavery have more than one
element listed above. For example, human trafficking
often involves advance 19payment for travel and a job
abroad, using money often borrowed from the
traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the
victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until
they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country
is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of
thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
20
misconception that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of 21people are much more
vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in 22poverty and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn
exploitative. People who are discriminated against on
the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely
to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur
where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
23
tackle the root causes of slavery in order to end
slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures 24that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-
today/modern-slavery/)
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Glossary:
4. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very
little and work many hours in very bad conditions
11. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
12. will – wish, desire
14. whilst – while
15. to hinder – obstruct, stop
20. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
22. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
23. to tackle – attack
8. Mark the sentence from the text that is an
example of comparative form.
a) Owned or controlled by an ‘employer’. (ref. 7)
b) Most child marriages can be considered slavery.
(ref. 18)
c) […] people are much more vulnerable to slavery […]
(ref. 21)
d) […] that need to be taken to end slavery across the
world. (ref. 24)
9. Mark the option with the suitable question to
answer the fragment below.
“When someone is married against their will”. (ref. 17)
a) When does anyone get married?
b) When are women married?
c) When does it happen?
d) When is anyone getting married?
10. “Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world” (ref. 2). The highlighted
words can be substituted for _____.
a) them
b) theirs
c) their
d) they
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Remember the good old days, when you could have
a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about
things that didn’t matter that much — times when you
could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer
team when you didn’t come from the city of
Manchester?
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when
your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in
public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that
one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all
lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry
and forming harsh new judgments about your
colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause
and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to
have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of
culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to
‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political
and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst
has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in
which people approach contentious issues. Those of us
more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably
related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those
more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an
issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a
decoupler might consider in isolation the question of
whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a
virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see
the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of
factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and
parental choice.
2. ______________________
Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs,
especially concerning moral and social issues, such
that when we’re presented with facts that contradict
our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts,
rather than update our beliefs.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed
more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users
post their views on an issue and invite others to
persuade them to change their mind. The researchers
found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were
more likely to change their mind when confronted with
more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may
suggest that while attitude change is hard-won,
providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s
arguments can convince people to change their
minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to
be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s
positions. We should do this not just for virtuous
reasons, but because the more we create that kind of
a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually
flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then
hopefully, collectively, we can start having more
constructive disagreements — even in our present very
difficult times.
(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020.
Adaptado.)
11. In the fragment from the fourth paragraph
“Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as
inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors”, the
underlined term refers most specifically to
a) contrasting ways.
b) wider political and social factors.
c) topics.
d) terms.
e) contentious issues.
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
12.
O efeito de comicidade que se obtém do meme
decorre, sobretudo, da
a) repetição da palavra “never”.
b) ambiguidade gerada pela expressão “buy her
flowers”.
c) asserção “your wife says”.
d) contradição presente na frase “To be honest”.
e) pergunta “is that true?”.
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
Read the text below and answer the question(s)
according to it.
Music therapy with cancer patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in
the United States, in Germany and in many other
industrialized countries. In 2007, about 12 million
people were diagnosed with cancer worldwide with a
mortality rate of 7.6 million (American Cancer Society,
2007). In the industrial countries, 1the most commonly
diagnosed cancers in men are prostate cancer, lung
cancer and colorectal cancer. Women are most
commonly diagnosed with breast cancer, gastric
cancer and lung cancer.
The symptoms of cancer depend on the type
of the disease, but there are common symptoms
caused by cancer and/or by its medical treatment
(e.g., chemotherapy and radiation). Common physical
symptoms are pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of
appetite, nausea (feeling sick, vomiting), dizziness,
limited physical activity, hair loss, a sore mouth/throat
and bowel problems. 2Cancer also often causes
psychological problems such as depression, anxiety,
mood disturbances, stress, insecurity, grief and
decreased self-esteem. This, in turn, can implicate
social consequences. Social isolation can occur due to
physical or psychological symptoms (for example,
feeling too tired to meet friends, cutting oneself off
due to depressive complaints).
Besides conventional pharmacological
treatments of cancer, there are treatments to meet
psychological and physical needs of the patient.
Psychological consequences of cancer, such as
depression, anxiety or loss of control, can be
counteracted by psychotherapy. For example, within
cognitive therapy cancer patients may develop 3coping
strategies to handle the disease. Research indicates
that 4music therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy,
can have positive effects on both physiological and
psychological symptoms of cancer patients as well as
in acute or palliative situations.
There are several definitions of music therapy.
According to the World Federation of Music Therapy
(WFMT, 1996), music therapy is: “the use of music
and/or its music elements (sound, rhythm, melody and
harmony) by a qualified music therapist, with a client
or group, in a process designed to facilitate and
promote communication, relationship, learning,
mobilization, expression, organization, and other
relevant therapeutic objectives, in order to meet
physical, emotional, mental, social and cognitive
needs”.
The Dutch Music Therapy Association (NVCT,
1999) defines music therapy as “5a methodological
form of assistance in which musical means are used
within a therapeutic relation to manage changes,
developments, stabilisation or acceptance on the
emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social or on the
physical field”.
The assumption is that the 6patient's musical
behaviour conforms to their general behaviour. The
starting points are the features of the patient's specific
disorder or disease pattern. There is an analogy
between psychological problems and musical
behaviour, which means that emotions can be
expressed musically. 7For patients who have difficulties
in expressing emotions, music therapy can be a useful
medium. Music therapy might be a useful intervention
for breast cancer patients in order to facilitate and
enhance their emotional expressivity. 8Besides analogy,
there are further qualities of music that can be
beneficial within therapeutic treatment. One of these
qualities is symbolism: music can symbolize persons,
objects, incidents, experiences or memories of daily
life. 9Therefore, music is a reality, which represents
another reality. The symbolism of the musical reality
enables the patient to deal safely with the other reality
10
for it evokes memories about persons, objects or
incidents. These associations can be perceived as
positive or negative, so they release emotions in the
patient.
Music therapy both addresses physical and
psychological needs of the patient. Numerous studies
indicate that music therapy can be beneficial to both
acute cancer patients and palliative cancer patients in
the final stage of disease.
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Most research with acute cancer
patients receiving chemotherapy, surgery or stem cell
transplantation examined the effectiveness of receptive
music therapy. Listening to music during
chemotherapy, either played live by the music
therapist or from tape has a positive effect on pain
perception, relaxation, anxiety and mood. There was
also found a decrease in diastolic blood pressure or
heart rate and an improvement in fatigue; insomnia
and appetite loss could be significantly decreased in
patients older than 45 years. Further improvements by
receptive music therapy were found for physical
comfort, vitality, dizziness and tolerability of the
chemotherapy. A study with patients undergoing
surgery found that receptive music therapy led to
decreased anxiety, stress and relaxation levels before,
during and after surgery. Music therapy can also be
applied in palliative situations, for example to patients
with terminal cancer who live in 11hospices.
Studies indicate that music therapy may be
beneficial for cancer patients in acute and palliative
situations, but the benefits of music therapy for
convalescing cancer patients remain unclear. Whereas
music therapy interventions for acute and palliative
patients often focus on physiological and
psychosomatic symptoms, such as pain perception and
reducing medical side-effects, 13music therapy with
posthospital curative treatment could have its main
focus on psychological aspects. A cancer patient is not
free from cancer until five years after the tumour
ablation. The patient fears that the cancer has not
been defeated. In this stage of the disease, patients
frequently feel insecure, depressive and are
emotionally unstable. How to handle irksome and
negative emotions is an important issue for many
oncology patients. After the difficult period of the
medical treatment, which they often have overcome in
a prosaic way by masking emotions, 13patients often
express the wish to become aware of themselves
again. They may wish to grapple with negative
emotions due to their disease. Other patients wish to
experience positive feelings, such as enjoyment and
vitality.
The results indicate that music therapy can
also have positive influences on well-being of cancer
patients in the post-hospital curative stage as well as
they offer valuable information about patients' needs
in this state of treatment and how effects can be dealt
with properly.
(Adapted from
https://essay.utwente.nl/59115/1/scriptie_F_Teiwes.pd
f - Access on 25/02/19)
13. The fragment “the most commonly diagnosed
cancers” (reference 1) is an example of
a) superlative.
b) comparative of superiority.
c) comparative of inferiority.
d) comparative of equality.
14. In the fragment “music therapy with post-hospital
curative treatment could have its main focus on
psychological aspects” (reference 12) the pronoun
refers to
a) music therapy and post-hospital curative treatment.
b) curative treatment and main focus.
c) main focus and psychological aspects.
d) psychological aspects and music therapy.
15. Mark the sentence in which “that” can correctly
replace the pronoun.
a) Music therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy,
can have positive effects (reference 4).
b) A methodological form of assistance in which
musical means are used (reference 5).
c) For patients who have difficulties in expressing
emotions [e] (reference 7).
d) Patients often express the wish to become aware of
themselves again (reference 13).
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 3 QUESTÕES:
The search for life beyond Earth
1We have always been fascinated by the
thought of alien life elsewhere in the universe. The
idea has provided 2the 3basis for a huge wealth of
science fiction stories that have been limited only by
our imaginations. But can other creatures exist in the
vast reaches of space or on other planets or moons?
And are there other intelligent forms of life out there –
or are we more likely to find something much simpler?
4Where are all the aliens?
Our Sun is just one star among billions in our
5
galaxy. In the last few years, scientists have detected
thousands of planets around other stars and it seems
that most stars have planetary systems. It’s therefore
likely that there will be large numbers of habitable
planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these
intelligent civilisations, if they’re out there, may have
even developed interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there
– or are we more likely to find something much
simpler?
But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent
aliens (yet?). This apparent high probability of life,
combined with a lack of evidence for its existence, is
called the Fermi Paradox, named for the physicist
Enrico Fermi who first 6outlined the argument back in
1950. This begs the question: where is everybody?
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Back in 1961, astronomer Francis
Drake tried to rationalise this question by developing
an equation that takes into 7account all the factors
relevant to finding alien civilisations and gives an
estimate of the number of civilisations out there in the
galaxy that should be able to communicate with us. It
considers factors such as the 8rate of new star
formation, how many planets around those new and
existing stars might be able to support life, the number
of planets supporting intelligent 9life, how many of
those civilisations might have technology we can
detect, whether they’re likely to communicate with us
here on Earth, and so on.
The 10search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Scientists and radio astronomers have started
the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a
systematic manner. Several international organisations,
including the SETI Institute and the SETI League, are
using radio telescopes to detect signals that might
have been produced by intelligent life.
In 1995, the SETI Institute started 11Project
Phoenix, which used three of the most powerful radio
telescopes in the world: the Green Bank radio
telescope in West Virginia, USA; the Arecibo telescope
in Puerto Rico; and the Parkes radio telescope in NSW,
Australia. During its initial phase, Project Phoenix used
the Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from
202 Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away.
By the end of its operations, Project Phoenix had
scanned a total of 800 12‘nearby’ (up to 240 light years
away) stars for signs of life. The project detected some
cosmic noises, but 13none of that could be attributed to
aliens.
These days, anyone can become involved in
the search for extraterrestrial intelligence through their
personal computer.
While there’s currently excitement about
sending human crews to Mars, missions beyond the
Red Planet are at this stage pretty much not 14feasible
the distances and travel times involved are simply too
great. Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth
will need to be done using robotic space 15probes and
landing rovers. These instruments can provide a huge
wealth of information and are capable of exploring as
far away as Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar
system. But as for life beyond the solar system, the
nearest stars are several light years away, and even
communications by electromagnetic waves (which all
travel at the speed of light) are essentially going to be
a one-way message.
While we probably won’t find intelligent life too
close to home, 16there’s a chance we may still find
much simpler life forms. 17Do we have neighbours
beyond Earth? Time will tell – and the search
continues.
(Adapted from
https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-
time/search-lifebeyond- earth – Access on 16/02/19)
Glossary:
1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about
something
2. to take into account – consider something
3. rate – expansion
4. nearby – short distance away
5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
6. space probe – spy satellite
16. Read the sentences from the text and classify
them. The underlined excerpts are examples of
“Project Phoenix, which used three of the most
powerful radio telescopes in the world:” (ref. 11).
“there’s a chance we may still find much simpler life
forms.” (ref. 16).
a) comparative and superlative.
b) superlative and comparative.
c) superlative of inferiority.
d) comparative of equality.
17. Mark the alternative that is grammatically
INCORRECT.
a) Milky Way is the galaxy where there will probably be
a large number of habitable planets.
b) 1961 is the year when the astronomer Francis
Drake developed an equation.
c) Scientists and astronomers were the ones who
started the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
d) Robotic space probes are instruments what can
provide a huge wealth of information.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
THE POWER OF METAPHORS
Imagine your city isn’t as safe as it used to be.
Robberies are on the rise, home invasions are
increasing and murder rates have nearly doubled in
the past three years. What should city officials do
about it? Hire more cops to round up the thugs and
lock them away in a growing network of prisons? Or
design programs that promise more peace by
addressing issues like a faltering economy and
underperforming schools?
Your answer – and the reasoning behind it –
can hinge on the metaphor being used to describe the
problem, according to new research by Stanford
psychologists. Your thinking can even be swayed with
just one word, they say.
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Psychology Assistant Professor Lera
Boroditsky and doctoral candidate Paul Thibodeau
were curious about how subtle cues and common
figures of speech can frame approaches to difficult
problems. “Some estimates suggest that one out of
every 25 words we encounter is a metaphor”, said
Thibodeau, the study’s lead author. “But 1we didn’t
know the extent to which these metaphors influence
people”.
In five experiments, 2test subjects were asked
to read short paragraphs about rising crime rates in
the fictional city of Addison and answer questions
about the city. The researchers gauged how people
answered these questions in light of how crime was
described – as a beast or a virus.
They found the test subjects’ proposed
solutions differed a great deal depending on the
metaphor they were exposed to. The results have
shown that people will likely support an increase in
police forces and jailing of offenders if crime is
described as a “beast” preying on a community. But if
people are told crime is a “virus” infecting a city, they
are more inclined to treat the problem with social
reform. According to Boroditsky: “People like to think
they’re objective. They want to believe they’re logical.
But they’re really being swayed by metaphors”.
To get a sense of how much the metaphor
really mattered, the researchers also examined what
role political persuasions play in people’s approach to
reducing crime. They suspected that Republicans
would be more inclined to catch and incarcerate
criminals than Democrats, who would prefer enacting
social reforms. They found Republicans were about 10
percent more likely to suggest an enforcement-based
solution.
“We can’t talk about any complex situation –
like crime – without using metaphors”, said Boroditsky.
3
“Metaphors aren’t just used for flowery speech. They
shape the conversation for things we’re trying to
explain and figure out. And they have consequences
for determining what we decide is the right approach
to solving problems”.
While their research focused on attitudes
about crime, their findings can be used to understand
the implications of how a casual or calculated turn of
phrase can influence debates and change minds.
Adaptado de news.stanford.edu.
18. w e didn’t know the extent to w hich these
m etaphors influence people. (ref. 1)
In the fragment above, the doubt expressed by the
researcher can be formulated by the following
question:
a) How far do these metaphors influence people?
b) How come these metaphors influence people?
c) How fast did these metaphors influence people?
d) How long have these metaphors influenced people?
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Coronavirus: Venice Carnival closes as Italy
imposes Iockdown
23 February 2020
Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as
they try to control what is now the worst outbreak of
the coronavirus in Europe.
Authorities in the Veneto region said the event
would end later on Sunday, two days earlier than
scheduled. Italy has by far the highest number of
coronavirus cases in Europe, with 152. Three people
have died. Italy has imposed strict quarantine
restrictions in two northern “hotspot” regions dose to
Milan and Venice.
About 50,000 people cannot enter or leave several
towns in Veneto and Lombardy for the next two weeks
without special permission. Even outside the zone,
many businesses and schools have suspended
activities, and sporting events have been cancelled.
The BBC’s Mark Lowen described the situation just
outside the zone. In neighbouring Austria, a train from
Venice was stopped at the Austrian border after it
emerged that two passengers had fever symptoms.
Austria’s Interior Minister Karl Nehammer later
confirmed to the BBC that the pair tested negative for
coronavirus.
"All authorities have acted quickly and with great
caution in this case," said Mr Nehammer in a
statement. "The reporting chain worked without
delay."
Elsewhere, authorities in South Korea and Iran are
battling to control rising numbers of infections. South
Korea has raised its coronavirus alert to the "highest
level".
The new strain of coronavirus, which originated last
year in Hubel province in China, causes a respiratory
disease called Covid-19. China has seen more than
76,000 infections and 2,442 deaths.
What is happening in Italy?
Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte announced on
Saturday that "extraordinary measures" would come
into force to try to stem the rising number of
coronavirus cases.
He said the quarantine restrictions could last for
weeks, Police, and if necessary the armed forces, will
have the authority to ensure me regulations are
enforced.
Angelo Borrelli, the head of Italy’s Civil Protection
Department, told reporters that 110 of the confirmed
cases were in Lombardy, with 21 in Veneto with others
in Emilia-Romagna and Lazio. Officials reported a third
death on Sunday, an elderly woman from the town of
Crema suffering from cancer. Italian officials say they
are still trying to trace the source of the outbreak.
Universities in Milan have been closed and the city’s
mayor, Giuseppe Sala, said schools would also close
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA

their doors while the outbreak continued.

“As a precaution I think that the schools have to be
closed in Milan. I will propose to the president of the
region to enlarge the precaution to the entire
metropolitan city area. It is just a precaution, we don’t
want to create panic," he said.
Meanwhile Giorgio Armani’s fashion show,
scheduled to be held __________ (I) Milan
__________ (II) Sunday, went ahead but without any
media or buyers present. The show was live streamed
__________ (III) its website, Instagram and Facebook
pages.

Adapted from: htts://www.bbc.com/news/world-

europe-51602007

19. Read the following sentence taken from the text.

"Italian officials have cut short the Venice Carnival as

they try to control what is now the worst outbreak of
the coronavirus in Europe."

Mark the adjective that forms its Superlative the same

way as the underlined word.
a) High.
b) Good.
c) Early.
d) Elderly.
e) Extraordinary.

TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:

Read the text and answer question(s).

When “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” opens

on Dec. 18 and, for the first time in nearly a decade,
moviegoers can return to that galaxy of long ago and
far, far away, they will find that it contains two new
stars. The film, __________ is directed by J. J. Abrams
and continues the interstellar saga of Luke Skywalker,
Princess Leia and Han Solo some 30 years after the
events of “Return of the Jedi” (1983), is also a
launching pad for two young actors who are barely
half as old as the “Star Wars” franchise itself.
Daisy Ridley, who plays a mysterious
scavenger named Rey, and John Boyega, who plays a
disaffected stormtrooper named Finn, are among the
new heroes of “The Force Awakens” and are bracing
themselves for the biggest roles of their careers.

(www.nytimes.com.br)

20. Choose the best alternative to complete the text.

a) whose
b) which
c) where
d) who
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA
Gabarito Comentado:
Resposta da questão 1:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois o texto coloca: “The
project detected some cosmic noises, but none of
that could be attributed to aliens” (o projeto detectou
alguns ruídos cósmicos, mas nenhum deles pôde ser
atribuído a alienígenas).
Resposta da questão 2:
[C]
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois o pronome pessoal
em destaque (eles ) na oração “se eles acontecessem
apenas ocasionalmente”, refere-se aos “picos de
cortisol induzidos pelos telefones”. O texto coloca: “If
they happened only occasionally, phone-induced
cortisol spikes might not matter” (Se eles
acontecessem apenas ocasionalmente, os picos de
cortisol induzidos pelos telefones não teriam
importância).
Resposta da questão 3:
[E]
O pronome demonstrativo those (aqueles) faz
referência ao substantivo visitantes. Assim, “apenas os
visitantes que fizeram um pré-agendamento
conseguirão dar uma olhadinha no retrato mais
famoso do mundo”.
Resposta da questão 4:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois their (deles) refere-
se respectivamente aos casais (couples) e
convidados (guests).
Resposta da questão 5:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois é uma pergunta
adequada à oração em destaque. Tradução da
pergunta: “Quais são os benefícios da meditação?”.
Tradução da oração: “A meditação pode dar a você
uma sensação de calma, paz e equilíbrio”.
Resposta da questão 6:
[A]
O pronome reflexivo themselves (se ) refere-se a Daisy
Ridley e John Boyega. O texto coloca: “Daisy Ridley...e
John Boyega...estão se preparando para os maiores
papéis de suas carreiras”.
Resposta da questão 7:
[D]
De fato, o pronome pessoal they (eles) refere- se a
“the fire service” (os bombeiros). O texto coloca: “The
fire service said the evacuation of two hospitals,
including premature babies and patients in intensive
care, had been completed and they were helping
about 500 elderly people to leave residences and care
homes (Os bombeiros disseram que a evacuação de
dois hospitais, incluindo bebês prematuros e pacientes
em terapia intensiva, foi completada e que eles
estavam ajudando aproximadamente 500 idosos a
deixarem as suas residências e casas de repouso).
Resposta da questão 8:
[C]
A alternativa [C] está correta, pois possui um exemplo
de adjetivo no grau comparativo de superioridade
(more vulnerable). Tradução: “... pessoas são muito
mais vulneráveis à escravidão...”.
Resposta da questão 9:
[C]
A alternativa [C] deve ser escolhida, pois é uma
pergunta adequada para a resposta em destaque.
Tradução da pergunta: “Quando isso ocorre?”.
Tradução da resposta: “Quando alguém se casa contra
sua vontade”.
Resposta da questão 10:
[A]
Pelo fato de o termo em destaque se referir a pessoas
(people) e ter a função sintática de objeto direto,
deve-se usar o object pronoun them (elas).
Resposta da questão 11:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois o termo em
destaque faz referência a “assuntos controversos”. O
texto coloca: “Swedish data analyst John Nerst has
used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in
which people approach contentious issues. Those of us
more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably
related to a broader matrix of factors…” (O analista de
dados sueco John Nerst usou os termos para descrever
as maneiras contrastivas em que as pessoas abordam
assuntos controversos. Aqueles de nós mais propensos
ao ‘acoplamento’ os enxergam como inseparavelmente
relacionados a uma matriz mais ampla de fatores...).
 TEOREMA MILITAR
LISTA 04 – ADJETIVOS E PRONOMES
PROFº MATEUS TEIXEIRA

humanos (instrumentos) e possuem a função de

Resposta da questão 12:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois a expressão “buy
her flowers” é ambígua. As duas possíveis traduções
são: “comprar flores para ela” e “comprar as flores
dela”. Tal ambiguidade provém do fato de o pronome
her poder ser pessoal e possessivo.
Resposta da questão 13:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois é um exemplo de
superlativo. Tradução do trecho: “os tipos de câncer
de diagnóstico mais comum”. O advérbio most está
modificando um outro advérbio (commonly).
Resposta da questão 14:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois o possessive
adjective its (seu) refere-se a “musical therapy with
post-hospital curative treatment”. Tradução do trecho:
“terapia musical com tratamento curativo após a
internação poderia ter seu foco principal em aspectos
psicológicos”.
sujeito.
Resposta da questão 18:
[A]
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois a pergunta em
destaque é: “Até que ponto essas metáforas
influenciam as pessoas?”. O trecho em destaque pode
ser entendido da seguinte forma: “Não sabíamos até
que ponto essas metáforas influenciam as pessoas”.
Resposta da questão 19:
[B]
Os adjetivos “good” e “bad” são irregulares quanto à
formação de seus superlativos (best e worst,
respectivamente).
Resposta da questão 20:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois pelo fato de a
oração ser subordinada adjetiva explicativa e o
sujeito ser film (filme), o pronome relativo a ser
utilizado é which.

Resposta da questão 15:

[C]

A alternativa [C] é a única em que o pronome that

pode ser usado, uma vez que se trata de uma oração
subordinada adjetiva restritiva com who funcionando
como sujeito, referindo-se à pessoas (patients).

Resposta da questão 16:

[B]

A alternativa [B] está correta, pois os adjetivos estão

respectivamente nos graus superlativo (most
powerful) e comparativo de superioridade
(simpler). No primeiro caso, pelo fato de powerful
possuir três sílabas, deve-se usar most; como simple
possui apenas duas sílabas e termina em –le, deve-se
usar o sufixo –er.

Resposta da questão 17:

[D]

A alternativa [D] deve ser escolhida, pois possui uso

incorreto dos pronomes relativos. A frase correta pode
ser reescrita da seguinte maneira: “Robotic space
probes are instruments that/which can provide a
huge wealth of information”. Os pronomes that e
which podem ser usados pois se referem a entes não