open your mind to a whole new world and fill memory thing that I use which you may

your toolbox with tools they're gonna equip you want to use is deductive
to battle obstacles in your day-to-day life o In – probable
 Indicators:
ARGUMENTS are usually divided separated into  probably
deductive arguments and inductive arguments  reasonable
 plausibly
1. DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT is an argument in  possibly
which the arguer claims that the argument
Example: 80% of politicians are men Hillary is a
is impossible to be false so if the premises
politician therefore it is probable that Hillary is a man
are true then it is impossible for the
conclusion not to be true so in other words if Explanation: notice the word probable this is the
someone's trying to prove something to you conclusion it's probable that Hillary is a man this is
know that's when they're giving an probabilistic reasoning therefore it's an inductive
argument and they claim whatever they're argument. So the inductive is probabilistic it's probably
trying to prove to you it's impossible for that true and contrast to the deductive it's necessarily true
to be false with the reasons that they give
- deductive the point that the person is Practice problem:
trying to prove the point necessarily
1. Jack is a school teacher and Jack has
follows
one sister whose name is Sally.
o De – Impossible
 Indicators: Therefore it certainly is the case that
 Definitely Sally's brother is a school teacher.
 Absolutely
- Answer is deductive that is right the indicator
words certainly shows that it's deductive argument and
Example: Trump is taller than Hillary and Hillary is taller the conclusion doesn’t necessarily follow.
than Chelsea therefore it necessarily follows that trump
is taller than Chelsea 2. very few investors came to the
presentation, Since Jill did come to the
Explanation: notice the conclusion here it necessarily presentation it is unlikely that Jill is an
follows that Trump is taller than Chelsea also you can investor
recognize that it's a deductive argument from the
inferential claim of the premises to the conclusion - Answer is that's right it's an inductive
argument notice the word unlikely shows probabilistic
2. INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT is an argument in also the conclusion does follow probably from the
which the arguer claims that it's improbable premises
for the conclusion to be false if the premises
are true so in other words someone's trying 3. All bachelors are unmarried men.
to prove something to you and they give you Therefore, it is necessary follows that all
reasons for the conclusion of reasons that bachelors are unmarried men.
they are going to say that their point is true
answer is that's right it's a deductive argument
they would say that if the reasons are true
notice the word necessarily in the conclusion it
then it would be improbable that the
necessarily follows shows that it's a deductive argument
conclusion is false
however this is a
- inductive argument the point that the
person is trying to prove which would be
the conclusion it probably follow now a
 4. while playing blackjack Adam lost nine argument would be based upon
hands in a row therefore the next hand the definition of fatal now
he will probably win syllogisms - syllogisms are in the next
video but categorical syllogism is a
- answer is that's right its inductive notice the
deductive argument which consists of as
word probable in the conclusion you notice the
a specific form it consists of two
conclusion by the indicator word of their port therefore
premises and one conclusion such that
the conclusion is he will probably win inductive
all three statements begin with either all
argument however this bad argument contains a fallacy
no or some and the verb is are or are not
called the gamblers fallacy
Example: be all cats are mammals no

5. no mammals are fish therefore no fish birds are mammals therefore no cats or

are mammals birds

disjunctive syllogism
- answer is that's right it's a deductive argument o either Miami is in Florida or it's
, - no indicator words indicating that it's deductive in Louisiana Miami is not in
however the conclusion does follow necessarily from the Louisiana therefore Miami is in
premises Florida

Practice problem (DEDUCTIVE MD.CHD)

HOW DO YOU TELL IF IT'S A DEDUCTIVE OR 1. Freddie suffers from arachnophobia. therefore
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT when there’s no indicator? Freddie has a fear of spiders

from the form of the argument or what - Answer is argument from definition the conclusion
style of argument or what type of follows from the definition of arachnophobia
argument is it
2. If John gets married, then John will no longer be a
Deductive Inductive bachelor. John will get married therefore John will
- Math - Prediction no longer be a bachelor
- definition - Analogy
- Categorical - Causal inference - Answer is that's right it's a hypothetical syllogism
- Hypothetical - Generalization if then if John then this
- Disjunction - Authority
Mnemonics: - Signs 3. All cats are mammals. All mammals are animals.
(MD . CHD) Mnemonics: Therefore, all cats are animals.
(P.S.C.G.A.S)
- Answer is that's right the argument is a categorical
syllogism
argument using math or geometry or
algebra etc and the conclusion follows 4. Either Susan is from USA, or Susan is from Australia.
based on this math is a deductive Susan is not from Australia. Therefore, Susan is from
argument for example if X plus y equals the USA.
10 and x equals 5 it follows that Y also
equals 5 that's a deductive argument - Answer is that's disjunctive syllogism the first premise

based on math similarly an argument is a statement that's an either/or and the second premise

where the conclusion follows from a eliminates one of the alternatives all

o John's illness is fatal therefore

5. Two triangles fit into square a. therefore the area of
John's illness is deadly so the
both triangles is less than the area of square a
- Answer is mathematical argument does correct it the - answer is an argument from signs the price tag is a
conclusion depends upon geometry sign well great job ladies and gentlemen

Practice problems (INDUCIVE P.S.C.G.A.S)

Prediction analogy, causal inference, generalization Authority, and signs the PAC

1. The first card I chose was a diamond. The second

card I chose was a diamond, and the third card I
chose was a diamond. So, the entire deck of cards
ore diamonds.

- Answer is an argument of generalization it's an

argument from a sample and claimed about the entire
group

2. Flying taxis are already being planned. Flying taxis

have already been tested. Therefore, flying taxis will
be used by the public soon.

- Answer is that's right it's an argument from a

prediction it's an argument based on knowledge of the
past to a claim of the future

3. The eyewitness said that the bank robber had brown

hair. Since the eyewitness has good vision, we
conclude that the bank robber has brown hair.

- Answer is you got it it's an argument from Authority

the conclusion is based on an authority the eyewitness

4. Sally and Cindy both like suspense novels. Cindy just

loved the latest suspense novel. Therefore Sally
should also like the latest suspense novel.

- Answer is you're right it's an argument based on an

analogy the conclusion depends on the similarities
between Sally and Cindy

5. Samantha started to cry after she received her report

card. So, Samantha probably got a bad grade on her
report card.

- Answer is causal inference the conclusion depends on

the claim that a bad grade caused Samantha to cry

the price tag says $25 so the logical thing to conclude is

that the item cost $25