County Examination Questions, State of Kansas - Vol 20 To 21

County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to
October, 1901 ; with answers.

Kansas.
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U
‫اه رد‬
County
Examination Questions
State of Kansas
January , 1912 , to October , 1912
With Answers
No. 20
..
Topeka , Kan .
JOHN MAC DONALD
1912
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1913, by
JOHN MacDONALD ,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress,

at Washington
zile
lize
V.2. û -21
Index .
EXAMINATION January 26 and 27 , 1912 . 1-25

66
June 21 and 22 , 1912 . 26-56
June 28 and 29 , 1912 . 57-90
July 26 and 27 , 1912 . 91-120
August 16 and 17 , 1912 . 121-152
66
October 24 and 25 , 1912 . 153-179
ARITHMETIC 1 , 26 , 57 , 91 , 121 , 153

ALGEBRA . 3 , 30 , 61 , 94 , 123 , 155
GRAMMAR . 7 , 45 , 66 , 97 , 143, 157
GEOGRAPHY 9 , 51 , 68 , 100, 128 , 161
UNITED STATES HISTORY . .11 , 34 , 71 , 102 , 130, 163
READING ... 12 , 37 , 73 , 104 , 132 , 166
ORTHOGRAPHY .14 , 38 , 75 , 106 , 134 , 168
PENMANSHIP . .15 , 39 , 76 , 107 , 135 , 169
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE . . 15 , 40 , 76 , 107 , 135 , 172
.17
Civil
, 41
, 79
GOVERNMENT . 110 142 174

,
,
,
HISTORY OF KANSAS
, 28
, 80
.19 111 138 162

,
.
,
,
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE
, 83
, 54
.20 112 150 176

,
,
,
ENGLISH LITERATURE
, 53
, 81
.21 115 146 175

,
,
,
.
43
86
MODERN HISTORY .22 117 141 165

,
,
,
.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACH

48
87
ING 169
..
.24 118 147

,
,
,
MUSIC
89
.44 114 139 179

,
,
.
2980
.
County Examination Questions
January 26-27 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. Divide the sum of 63% and 9 by the differente .
SOLUTION :
634 +935 = 6246 + 92166= 154556
939-6345921 /56-62466
=8776—6246 = 25356
154556-25356 = 88556--165
885
= 88556 X 56165= 10555

1
*
.
/
yds
of
ft
rds the fraction mile

in
to
2.
Reduce
5
a
.
.
SOLUTION
:
==
rd
==
.ft ft
. ft
5X161 821
6 2 3 5
3X
. ft
yd
2 9
3
ft
in . .
ft =
. ft
1
.
yd
94
rd
ft
Therefore
ft
in
=
5
.ft 2
6
.
mile = 5280
1
94
ft
946280 mi
47
Then 2640 mi
=
=
.
Reduce the fraction problem No.

in
to
3.
decimal
2
SOLUTION
:
472640 mi 0178133 mi
=
.
.
.
State the United States rule for partial payments

4.
.
—
Find the amount the principal

ofof
ANS the time when

to
.
the payment
or
or
the sum the payments equals exceeds

2 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
the interest due ; subtract from this amount the payment

or the sum of payments . Treat the remainder as a new
principal and proceed as before .
5. Find the cost of excavating a cellar 80 ft. by $ 0 ft. by

7 ft . at 25 cents per cubic yard .
SOLUTION :
80 X 30 X 7 X $ 0.25
-= $ 155.56
27
6. Find the interest on $840 from June 1, 1911 , to Novem

ber 13 , 1913 , at 6 per cent .
SOLUTION :
The time is 2 yr . 5 mo . 12 da . The interest on $ 1 for this
time is $ .147 , and on $ 840 the interest is 840 X $.147 =
$ 123.48 .
7. A dealer bought 80,250 lbs . of coal at $4 per ton . His

expenses in handling it were 66 ; per cent of the first cost .
He sold the coal at $ 8.50 per ton . What was his net gain ?
What was the gain per cent ?
SOLUTION :
80,250 lbs . = 403 tons
40 %X $ 4 = $ 160.50 = first cost .
66 % of $ 160.50 = $107.00 = expense .
$ 160.50 + $107 = $267.50 = total cost .
404 x $8.50 = $ 341.06 = selling price.
$341.06— $ 267.50 = $73.56 = net gain .
$ 267.50 X rate = $ 73.56 .
$ 73.56
Rate = = .275 = 27.5 % .
$267.50
8. Name and define the terms used in ratio and propor

tion . Solve :
( 1) 2 : 3 :: 7 : 6.
( 2 ) 2 : 3a :: 46 : ax .
ANS . A simple ratio is the ratio of two single numbers .
A compound ratio is the indicated product of two or more
simple ratios .
A proportion is the expression of the equality of two
ratios .
The first and fourth terms are the extremes and the sec
ond and third terms are the means .
STATE OF KANSAS 3
SOLUTION ;
( 1) 2 : 3 :: 7 : X.
3X7
216
X= $ 101
.
3a 2
46
ax
::
2
2
(
)
.
12ab
ax bab
.
2
= 6b
.
right triangle
In
ft
the altitude 150
9.
is
the base 120
a
. ,
ft
Find
the hypotenuse
.
.
SOLUTION
:
B2 A2
H
+
+
1440 2250
=
V
36900 192.08
=
=
V
Therefore the hypotenuse long

ft
is
192.08
.
house for year for 720 After five months
K
10. vents
a
$
a
of .
agreeing pay his share the rent and three
B
to
moves
in
,
,
months later agreeing pay his share At the
in
to
moves
C
.
the year how much should each pay
of
end
?
SOLUTION
:
720
$
for
60
the rent mo
1
$
12
K's X4X
+ 60
$ 60
60
share 5X 3X3X
==
$ $ +
+
$
$
60 . *
60 60 90
80
=
=$ + +
300 470
$ * $
* $
B's share X3X X4X

=
$
90
80
+
=
==
170
$
jX4X
.80 .
C's share
$
ALGEBRA
.
Sole 2V3x 4-2

1.
=
4
.
:
SOLUTION
:
4-2
in 3x
V
1 +
=
2
1
(
)
Transposing
(
)
3x
2
+
=
+
V
2
(
)
4
x
.
Squaring (2)
4 ( 3x + 4 ) = x2 + 8x + 16 (3)
Multiplying out in left number of ( 3 )
12x + 16 = x2 + 8x + 16 (4)
Transposing and collecting terms in ( 4 )
x24x =0 (5)
Factoring left number of (5)
3 ( 2-4 ) = 0 (6)
Then x = 0 or
3—4 = 0
Whence x = 4
Therefore x = 0 or x = 4 .
2. Change to the form of a fraction :

3a2-452
5a . - 25
50-65
SOLUTION :
3a2-462 ( 52—26 ) ( 50—66 )-3a2 + 462
5a — 26
5a - 65
25a2—40ab
50 65-
+ 1262—3a2 +462
50-63
22a2—40ab +1662
50-66 .
3. Simplify :
3 4a 5а2
+
3- a ( -a ) 2 ( 2- a) 3
SOLUTION :
3 4a 5a2 3(2 a ) 2 +40 ( 2-0 ) -5a2
+
( 2 - a) 2 ( 2 — a) 3 ( 3 — a) 8
322—6ax +3a2 + 40x4402-502
( x- a) 3
3.32-2ax - 6a2
( 2 - a) 3
4. Factor :
22 - axbx +ab .
STATE OF KANSAS 5
06 + 9x3 +20 .
SOLUTION :
22 - ax - bx + ab = 3 ( <— a ) -0
( x — a ) = ( x - a) ( ).
26 + 9x3 + 20 = (x3 + 4 ) (x3 +5 ) .
5-7 . Solve ( a ) by substitution , ( b ) by comparison , ( o) by

addition and subtraction :
3x–
73 -
4y
9y
= 2
7
SOLUTION ( a ) :
33—4y = 2 (1)
7x — 9y = 7 (2)
Transposing in ( 1 )
3x = 4y + 2 (3)
Dividing ( 3 ) by 3
4y + 2
3
Substituting value of x for x in ( 2 )
7 ( 4y + 2)
-9y (5)
3
Multiplying ( 5 ) by 3 and removing parenthesis
28y + 14-27y = 21 (6)
y= 7 ( 7)
Substituting 7 for y in ( 4 )
28 + 2
( 8)
3
x = 10 . ( 9)
Therefore x = 10 and y = 7.
SOLUTION (b ) :
From equation 1 ) we have(
4y + 2
C= (3)
3
From equation ( 2 ) we have
9y + 7
C=
7
Equating these values of 30
4 +2 9y + 7
( 5)
3 7
Clearing of fractions in ( 5 )
28y + 14 = 27y + 21 (6)
y =7
( 7)
28 + 2
X=
(8)
3
10 (9)
SOLUTION ( C) :
1 Multiplying ( 1) by 7 and ( 2 ) by 3
21x — 28y = 14 (3)
21x - 27y = 21 (4)
Subtracting ( 3 ) from ( 4 )
y=7
-
(5)
3x 28 = 2 (6)
Transposing in ( 6 ) and dividing by 3
x = 10 ( 7)
8. Divide : x4n
SOLUTION :
-y4n by -
xn— yn .
( 24n - y4n ) : ( an - yn ) = x3n + 2nyn +xny2n + y3n .
9. Solve : 22—12x + 6 = 1.
SOLUTION :
X2—12x + 6 = 1 ( 1)
Transposing and collecting terms in ( 1)
X2-12x = 4234 ( 2)
Adding 36 to both numbers of ( 2 )
22—12x + 36 = 1214 (3)
Extracting the square root in ( 3 )
x — 6 = + 112
x = 6 + 112 (5)
Using the positive sign in ( 5 )
x = 111
Using the negative sign in ( 5 )
x= 1
Therefore x = 111 or 1.
10. Reduce to lowest terms :

26 + 2x3y3 + y6
STATE OF KANSAS 7
X6—46
SOLUTION :
26 + 2x3y3 + y6 ( 23 + y3 ) 2
z6–96 ( 33 + y3 ) ( x3y3 )
23 + y3
23—43
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION .

1. Outline your method of developing a language lesson
for the fourth grade based on a poem .
Select the poem . Read it in class . Discuss the parts , the
persons , the pictures . Have the pupils rewrite it , changing
it to prose ; or have selected pupils rewrite assigned stanzas
for the tomorrow's lesson .
On the following day have the class correct the mistakes
made in the rewriting .
2. Name the parts ofspeech which are inflected .
Nouns , pronouns , verbs , some adjectives , and some ad
verbs .
3. Discuss the value of ( a ) parsing ; ( b ) giving con
structions .
Parsing , the naming of the classes , and properties of
words , teaches the correct forms that should be used . It
gives us a guide or standard by which we can test the words
we use to see if they are in the proper form .
The construction of a word means the use to which it is
put in a sentence . If pupils are required to give the con
struction of the words they use , it helps them to analyze
their sentences correctly .
4. Show the need of thorough preparation before the pupil
attempts to write an essay .
Pupils cannot write well on a subject they know little
about. But when pupils have read on the subject , talked
on the subject , and thought on the subject , then the writ
ing becomes the mere matter of forming and arranging the
sentences properly .
5. Decline the simple personal pronoun .
NOMINATIVE . POSSESSIVE . OBJECTIVE .
Singular .
I My or M Me
Thou or You Thy or Thine , or Your Thee or You
He His Him
She Her Her

It Its It
Plural .
We Ours Us
You Your You
They Their Thema
6. Diagram or analyze : What others say of me matters
little , but what I
myself say and do matters much .
This is a compound , complex sentence of which the first
member is : What others say of me matters little . But is
the conjunction and the rest of the sentence is the second
member .
What others say of me is the clause subject of the first
member . Others is the subject and say is the predicate . Say
is modified by what , a simple objective element of the first
class . It
is also modified by of me , a simple adverbial
element of the second class, of which of is the preposition
and me is its object .
Matters is the simple predicate of the first member , and
is modified by little , a simple adverbial element of the first
class .
What I
myself say and do is the clause subject of the
second .
member I
is the subject made emphatic by myself
used in apposition . Say and do is the compound predicate,
modified by what, a simple objective element of the first
class . The predicate is also modified by much , a simple
adverbial element of the first class .
7. Parse the italicized words in the above sentence .
What is an indefinite pronoun , neuter gender , third per .
son , singular number , objective case , object of the verb say .
Little is an adverb modifying matters . It may be ir
regularly compared little , more , much .
Myself is a reflective pronoun used in apposition with I.
It is common gender , first person , singular number , nom
inative case .
Do is a verb . As to class it is regular , transitive , com
mon , complete , principal . As to its properties it is active ,
indicative , present absolute, first , singular .
8. Are passive verbs transitive ? Why ?
A passive verb is transitive because it is the form which
shows that the subject denotes the receiver of the action .
9. Name siz expressions commonly used by pupils which
violate the laws of grammar .
I seen her yesterday.
I ain't got all my work yet .
STATE OF KANSAS 9
3, 6 , 0 , 4 , read by pupils , "
six
Three , aught four
.
'
She don't know me
.
only me
It
is
.
He sets the back seat
in
of
do
10. How you correct the errors speech mentioned
in
question number Be specific and clear
97
your answer
in
of .
By keeping everlastingly season and out
at
in
it
season
,
Grammatical drills teach pupils know the proper forms
to
of ;
but only constant thinking and doing will fix the habit
using the proper forms Public speakers rarely are fault
.
speech though they may have spent life
in
teach
in
less
a
,
ing correct forms to others
.
GEOGRAPHY
of
be
of
What use should tables statistics
in
1.
made
teaching geography
?
used effectively the teaching

be
Ans They can
of
in
.—
commercial geography showing the output and values

in
products They are also valuable

in of
the several countries

in
comparisons areas populations elevations and much .

of
,
,
else ,
2. .
Explain how graphic representations aid geography
in
.
Give two illustrations
.
Ans They appeal directly Illustrations

to
the eye
—
:
.
to .
different length are used

of
Parallel lines show the popu

in
.lations line connecting points
a . on
different countries
a
;
the earth's surface which have the same mean temperature

What map equipment considered necessary for
3.
is
rural school graded school

A
?
of
Ans Both schools should have set political and

a
.
relief maps
.
Locate Holland Describe the people the land and

4.
,
.
the chief animal and vegetable products

.
on
Ans Europe bordering

on
of
is
the western coast

It
.
bounded on the east by Germany on

It
the North Sea

is
;
.
the south by Belgium west and north by the North Sea

;
solid thrifty well educated people Land very fertile

A
,
,
,
-
and fine pastures Fine cattle butter cheese The country

,
,
.
by
lower than the sea and protected from the waters

is
is
,
dikes Numerous canals intersect Holland

.
Persia Name three governments

5.
is
Where that are

at ?
interested Persia
in
the present time

.
by
on
Ans Persia the north Russia and the

is
bounded
-
.
Caspian Sea ; west by Turkey in Asia ; south by the Persian

Gulf and Arabian Sea ; east by Afghanistan and Baluchis
tan . Great Britain , Russia and the United States are in .
terested .
6. Explain the origin of

coal . Tell how it is procured and
how it is distributed . Describe three kinds of coal .
Ans . ( a ) Vegetable remains in the form of roots , leaves ,
stems , seed -cones , ferns , in the course of time , by pressure ,
become coal. ( b ) By surface or deep mining . By the for
mer process the earth and rocks are removed from the coal .
When the formation is
deep, shafts are sunk , and lateral
channels are built . It
is found in large quantities in the
United States , Great Britain , and China . ( c ) Anthracite
coal is hard and compact , and burns with a nearly non
luminous flame. It
contains very little volatile matter .
Bituminous coal is soft , and contains a great deal of vola
tile , bituminous matter . There are also semi -bituminous
and semi -anthracite coals . These terms explain themselves .
7. Locate and briefly describe Royal Gorge , Yellowstone
Park , Niagara Falls , the Grand Canon of the Colorado , and
Mammoth Cave .
Ans . It is a deep canon on the Arkansas River be
( a)
tween Salida and Canon City , Colorado . b ) A tract con (
taining about 3,500 square miles in Northwestern Wyoming .
In 1872 it was made a public park by Congress . In the
beautiful lakes and rivers . (
park are high mountains and plateaus, many hot springs ,
c) The greatest falls in the
world , excepting possibly falls in Central Africa . Niagara
Falls is on the Niagara River between Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario . ( a ) On the Colorado River in Arizona . The
canon is 217 miles long , eight to fifteen miles wide , and
about one mile deep . (
e) In the central part of Kentucky .
It is estimated that the cave has about 150 miles of tun
all
nels, winding in forms and some beneath others

of
sorts
.
teaching geography
8.
What the chief purpose

of
is
?
To
, —
Ans make the child acquainted with the governments

,
.
peoples institutions industries manners customs his

in
,
,
our planet
of
own and other countries and the relation

in
other planets in the solar system

to
Why New England not well adapted agriculture

to
9.
is
Ans Because the soil thin and the land many

in
is
,
.
places covered with glacial boulders The valleys are

is
fertile but they form only

of
small area the land

a
,
.
by
10. What meant topographic and barrier controls

is
Give several examples

.
STATE OF KANSAS 11
Ans. — Mountains , lakes , rivers and irregularities of the

surface which separate peoples . Deserts might also be con
sidered barriers .
UNITED STATES HISTORY .

1. Name the important events in the early history of
New York .
Ans.- Valuable grants of land were given to men bring
ing to New Netherlands fifty permanent settlers. These
early settlers were called “ patroons . In 1664 the colony
was wrested from the Dutch by the English , but in 1673
the Dutch again got control , but retained it only one year .
Charles II
granted the colony to James , Duke of York and
Albany . A
charter was granted to the people , but it did
not mean much . Later , New York became a royal colony .
2. Name six prominent members now in congress .
Ans . - Clark , Mann , Underwood , Cannon , Sulzer , MC
Kinley .
3. Enumerate the important acts of Andrew Jackson .
He
Ans Spoils Sys
as
what known
.--
is
introduced the
“
tem into the public service which meant that the party
”
,
de
to
which won the election was entitled the offices He
.
stroyed the National Bank by withdrawing from the
it
He suppressed Nullification
in
government funds South
.
Carolina He drove the Cherokees and Seminoles from

.
Georgia and Florida the Indian Territory

to
.
Give the causes that led the war with Mexico
to
4.
.
part Mexico was settled by immi
of
Ans.- Texas
,
a
grants from the United States mainly from the South
In
,
1836 the Texans declared their independence but Mexico .

,
In
refused recognize 1845 Congress adopted reso

to
it
a
.
lution annexing Texas and this led to the war

.
Name four important tariff bills since the Civil War

5.
period and state briefly what you know about each

. ,
Ans The McKinley Bill

on
1890 increased the duties

—
in
nearly all articles consumption the Wilson

of
household
;
Gorman Bill 1894 made slight reductions duties the

in in
in
Dingley Bill 1897 restored the duties which had been

off
and the Payne Aldrich Bill 1909 made many

of
taken
;
, -
reductions some increases but the main the average

in
,
.was much the same as before

.
P.
Who was Salmon Daniel Boone Stephen

6.
Chase
?
? ?
Douglas John A.
J.
Tilden
A.
Carl Schurz Samuel

?
?
Logan
?
the Treasury
of
Secretary
.--
Lincoln's
in
Ans cab
a
(
)
inet ; afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court . ( 5 )

A noted pioneer of Kentucky ; a famous hunter . ( c )
United States Senator from Illinois , author of the Kansas
Nebraska Bill . ( d ) A Prussian refugee who came to the
United States in 1848 ; Major General in the Civil War and
Secretary of the Interior in President Hayes ' cabinet .
( e ) Chairman of the committee which broke up the Tweed
Ring in New York ; candidate for the Presidency in 1876 .
( f ) Noted general in the Federal Army during the Civil
War ; United States Senator from Illinois .
7. Briefly tell what you know about the life and work of
Grover Cleveland .
Ans .— Governor of New York , 1883-1885 ; President of
the United States , 1885-1889 ; also from 1893 to 1897. A
man of inflexible integrity ; a successful advocate of Civil
Service reform ; an able administrator .
8. Who is Champ Clark ? Samuel Gompers ? Ella Flagg
Young ? Woodrow Wilson ? Charles Curtis ? James R.
Mann ?
Ans . ( a) Member and Speaker of the House of Repre
sentatives . ( b ) President American Federation of Labor .
( c ) Superintendent of the Chicago schools ; president of the
National Education Association in 1911 , ( a ) Governor of
New Jersey ; before he became Governor , president of
Princeton University . ( e) United States Senator from
Kansas . ( f ) Member of Congress from Illinois ; leader
of the Republicans in the House .
9. What means are you using to keep your pupils in
formed on current history ?
Ans . — The telegraphic dispatches in the daily news
papers ; articles in the magazines .
10. Briefly discuss the Panama Canal project .
Ans .— The United States got control on the Isthmus of
Panama of a strip of land from the Atlantic to the Pacific .
Congress made a liberal appropriation , and the work began
in 1904. The canal , when completed in a year or two , will
reduce the distance by water from New York to San Fran
cisco from 13,000 to 5,200 miles , and of course all dis
tances to oriental countries will be greatly shortened .
READING .
1. What are the names of the school readers which have
been officially adopted for use in the public schools of this
state ?
1
Ans. For the applicant .
-
STATE OF KANSAS 13
2. What use can be made of the blackboard in teaching

reading ?
Ans . - Much use can be made of it by a skillful teacher .
In the primary grade it should be used every day in intro
ducing new words and phrases , and in making sentences .
Illustrative objects can be drawn on the board . Even in
the higher grades , the board can be used with good effect
in analyzing thought and style .
3. What are some common defects in children's voices ,
and what may be done to correct them ?
Ans . — A thick utterance ; careless use of the vocal organs
in pronunciation ; " sing - song ” style in reading poetry ;
shrillness . These and other defects can usually be corrected
by incessant drill on the utterance of vowel and consonant
sounds ; also on inflections and accent . When the defects
are from physiological causes , a physician should be con
sulted .
4. What methods may be employed to stimulate in young
children a desire to read ?
Ans . - By using attractive pictures , stories and poetry in
the recitations ; by telling the children in simple language
the value and the beauty of reading ; by showing through
illustrative stories what pleasure comes from reading.
5. What relation has the teaching of reading in school to
the practice of reading good literature outside of school ?
Ans. The child becoming acquainted with literature
through the reading lessons , will naturally be led to read
good literature wherever he may find it , in the home library ,
the periodicals and newspapers .
6. What use would you make of a school library ?
Ans . - When an author's name or a literary selection
comes before the reading or other classes , the children's
attention can be directed to books in the library in which
additional information can be found . Extracts from library
books can be read and talked about in recitations .
7-10 . Write ten questions on the subject matter of the
following extract from the Fourth Reader, which might
properly be asked in the recitation :
Blow , blow , thou winter wind ,

Thou art not so unkind
As man's ingratitude ;
Thy tooth is not so keen ,
Because thou are not seen ,
Although thy breath be rude.
* *
Freeze , freeze , thou bitter sky,

Thou dost not bite so nigh
As benefits forgot ;
1 Though thou the waters warp ,
Thy sting is not so sharp
As friends remembered not .
Ans . - From what play is the selection taken ? To whose

ingratitude did Amiens refer Where was he , and in what
circumstances , when he talked so bitterly ? How should the
first and seventh lines be read ? How do you understand
the expression , " waters warp ’ ? What words should be
emphasized in the second , third , sixth , tenth and eleventh
lines ? What should be the inflection on the word , " for
got ' ' ? What inflection should be on warp ' ' ? Does the
word " wind ” as pronounced in our day rhyme with " un
kind ” ? How many acts and scenes are in the play !
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Let the applicants spell the following words : italicize ,
variegate, recurrence , rapacity , atrocity , believer , recital ,
illegible , erasure , malign , dictionary , social , quiescence ,
facetious , artifice , vacillate , weird , reprieve, cynic, arraign ,
indict , vignette , intrigue , demeanor , languor . (Give a credit
of two for each word spelled correctly . )
Ans.For the applicant .
2. Namethe suffixes in the following words and tell
what each means : promote , destructive , deputize , temperate ,
breakage .
Ans . ( a) Pro means forward , and mote is from the
Latin movere , to move .
( b ) Ive, one who , tending to .
(c) Ize, to make .
( d) Ate, possessed of .
( e ) Age , act of .
3. Define primitive and derivative as applied to words ,
and give an illustration of each .
Ans . (a ) A word not derived from another . Examples :
wind , rain , horse.
( b ) A word derived from another by adding a prefix or
suffix or by internal change . Examples : ignoble , thicken ,
promote .
4. Nave five nouns that no plural .
Ans . - Sloth , flax , tallow , decorum , prudence.
5. In what classes besides the regular spelling class would
you teach spelling ?
STATE OF KANSAS 15
in all
Ans . - In Pupils spell
or be
to
the classes should able
.
all the words every lesson every grade
in
class
.
PENMANSHIP
.
What importance attaches the position the body
of
? to
1.
,
the hand the paper and the pen
,
Ans The body must comfortable position
be
in
—
The
a
.
.
hand must hold the pen lightly between the thumb and
,
fingers fingers
be
first and second and the must not too
,
held too firmly the fingers
If
the pen the pen
to
is
close
,
.
are cramped and fatigue soon ensues
If
the fingers are
,
.
too near the pen they are likely become soiled with ink
to
,
.
adjusted that the pupil
be
so
The desks and seats should
may sit erect facing the desk
be
The paper should

to
able
.
quality The pen should not
be
be
unruled and good
in
.
too long
be
too fine and the holder should not
or
coarse
,
nor too heavy

.
In
taught
be
What movements are what grades
to
2.
?
Ans the primary grades movements
ofIn
.--
to
train the
the fingers arm and wrist must given until
be
muscles
,
of
the child has complete command the arm hand and
,
a
fingers the forming
of
valuable movement letters
in
A
is
. .
the air
Write the capital letters
of
your best pen
as
3.
sample
a
manship
.
Ans For the applicant

.
. as .
Write single line copy for seventh grade pupils

4.
a
a
.
.
Point out mistakes that pupils are likely

to
5.
make and
,
be
tell how they may avoided

.
Ans Uncomfortable posture

of
body holding the pen

;
.-
too tightly getting fingers and paper soiled with ink too
;
much haste making

in
forms and letters lack

of
concen
;
tration on the work The remedy lies constant per

in
.
sistent instruction drill and watchfulness

,
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE

.
Discuss the bacterial theory

of
1.
disease
.
Ans Scientists believe that many diseases are

of
.--
bac
terial origin These diseases are called infectious diseases
.
and the easily communicated infectious diseases are said

, to
contagious patient has

be
an
When infectious disease

a
.
the disease germs are believed injure him chiefly by

. to
the bacterial poisons they produce These poisons usually

cause fevers that run rather definite course and subside
a
the body can make

of
an
antidote antitoxin
if
sufficient
(
)
-
strength to neutralize them . Since this theory fits the facts

and explains them , it is generally accepted as true .
2. Discuss the nature and effects of adenoid growths .
Ans . — They are whitish , fatty growths of connective tis
sue growing at the junction of the nostrils with the upper
part of the pharynx . They prevent the free passage of air
through the nose and compel breathing through the mouth .
In some seasons of the year constant colds result from this
practice, and lowered vitality , deafness , and under -develop
ment of the nose and chin are common results . Children
afflicted with adenoids should be operated upon .
3. Have you read any of the bulletins issued by the State
Board of Health ? If
so , name the bulletins you have read .
Ans . For the applicant .
-
4. Describe and discuss nerve cells .
Ans . Nerve cells are thread -like cells with many branch
ing parts called dendrites and axons . The cell body , to
its
all
gether with processes or

of
called nerve
is
branches
a
,
The processes collected cables are called nerves and
in
cell
,
.
the cell bodies collected are called ganglions

is in
bunches
.
The entire nervous system these nerve cells con
of
made
nected with each other and held together by delicate con
a
nective tissue called neuroglia
.
Name the digestive fluids and give the function
of
5.
each
.
by
virtue of
its
Ans Saliva enzyme called ptyalin

,
of ,
a
,
(
)
.
changes starch sugar Gastric juice by virtue

, to
,
(
)
.
pepsin and rennin changes protein foods into peptone and
its
coagulated milk Pancreatic juice by virtue of
c
,
.
(
)
ptyalin pepsin and steapsin sugar pro

to
changes starch
,
,
teins to peptone and fats into fatty acids and glycerine

,
.
by
of
its
Intestinal juice virtue invertin splits the

,
d
,
(
)
double sugars into single sugars Bile assists the pan

e
(
)
.
creatic juice digesting fats and makes the intestines

in
active
.
of
Explain the value balanced ration

6.
Ans Under ordinary conditions the average man will

-
.
four parts proteid foods

of
on
thrive best ration

to
one
a
part carbohydrate foods and one part fatty foods The

two last named are strictly fuel foods the first proteid
is
;
both tissue builder and fuel Because proteids are the

a
a
only foods that contain nitrogen some proteid foods

. as
(
,
lean meats eggs bread beans peas are necessary life

to
,
,
)
all
roteid diet were used one would suffer from

an
But
if
,
-p
liver and kidney troubles these organs would then

be
as
,
1
STATE OF KANSAS 17
overworked in getting rid of the nitrogen waste product

( urea ) .
7. Define : ( a) antiseptic , ( b ) sterilize , ( c ) tocin , ( a )
ptomaines .
Ans . ( a) A chemical substance that kills bacteria or
all
prevents them from multiplying . ( b ) To kill
of
the
by
object
of
on
an
or
or
bacteria
in
means heat chemicals
by.
Nitrogenous poisons more less virulent produced
or
(c
)
bota living tissues and dead tissues Nitroge

in
bacteria
d
(
)
.
nous poisons formed by bacteria
in
dead tissues
.
Discuss Cause prevention and cure
of
8.
colds
,
:
.
Ans
be
The real cause the presence
is
to
believed
a
(
)
.
of
harmful bacteria the linings the nose pharynx
in
of
,
larynx and othr respiratory passages But lowered vitality
,
in .
great loss body heat sluggish organs
of
to
of
due excretion
,
flabby conditions the skin arteries are
or
of
the muscles
,
conditions favorable the bacterial assault Light
to
in (6
.
)
work light diet hot baths and keeping warm bed are
,
curative conditions Vigorous health nose breathing and
,
.
freedom from dust are the best preventives
or . .
Describe the structure the skin fülly
of
9.
Ans The skin consists

of
the dermis
—
true skin and

,
,
.
the epidermis The dermis leathery

or
scarf skin
of
is
,
thickness and toughness and contains many nerves and

,
made mostly
It
blood vessels
of
is
connective tissue cells
at ,
.
with interwoven branches forming felt like structure

a
once tough elastic and flexible The epidermis rather

is
a
,
layer
of
thin and dead unbranched cells rather insensitive

,
way
In
and bloodless corresponds the outer bark

to
it
a
.
of
tree Pressure and friction thicken and harden into it

a
corns bunions and callouses

,
10. Name several important functions

of
the liver
.
Ans Bile making function Glycogen making

6
(a
)
- -
.
Fat making function

. (
)
function Urea making

.
(c
d
-
) )
(
)
function Poison destroying function Corpuscle

(
(e
-
.
)
.
destroying function
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
The President has power grant reprieves and par

1.
to
"
Is
dons for offenses against the United States there any

."
If
so
exception what
?
?
in ,
Ans Except
of
impeachment
—
cases
.
constitutionally formed from

be
How can new state

2.
a
of
parts two states

?
Ans . - By the junction of two or more states or parts of

states , with " the consent of the states concerned as well as
of the Congress .
3. Name three powers of the House of Representatives
not given by the constitution to the Senate .
Ans. The originating of bills for raising revenue ; the
sole power of impeachment, and the choosing of
its
presiding
officer
.
by
Name two powers given the constitution exclusively
4.
to
the Senate
.
all
try
of
Ans
To
impeachments the ratification treaties

by—
;
.
made the President with other governments
.
treaty
If
be
made with Russia how must
5.
is
new
it
a
,
made
?
by the President by and with

be
.--
Ans must made

It
"
the advice and consent of the Senate
'
.
ago Kansas and Colorado had
few years contro
6.
A
a
What court
of
the Arkansas River

as
versy
to
the waters
.
had jurisdiction
in
the case
?
—
of
Ans The Supreme Court the United States See
III
.
.
Art
of
Section the Constitution

2,
.
Should vacancy federal office occur after the
in
7.
Senate has adjourned and the President appoints some one

,
granted
ex
fill the vacanoy when does the commission
to
pire of
or
at
when the Senate meets the end the session

,
?
—
The language
of
Ans the Constitution which shall

is
,
“
.
of
expire their next session

at
the end
.
'
When are senators and representatives privileged from

8.
arrest What exceptions are made

. ?
at ?
During their attendance

of
Ans the session their re

—
going and returning from the

in
to
spective houses and

of
same Exceptions Treason felony and breach the

.
,
:
peace
.
Name three things which the Constitution

of
the United
9.
States prohibits the states from doing

.
—
coining making
of
Ans The money treaties with for

;
.
eign governments laying duties imports

on
or
exports
;
10. Name three things that the Constitution requires the

United States guarantee every state
to
to
Ans republican form government protection

of
—
A
;
.
against invasion protection when necessary against do

,
;
application the Legislature

on
or
of
mestic violence execu

tive
.
STATE OF KANSAS 19
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. What was the result when Kansas first applied , after
the adoption of the Wyandotte Constitution , for admission
into the Union ?
Ans .— The bill was passed by the House , but was rejected
by the Senate .
2. What is meant the “ Territorial Period ” in Kansas
history ? How long did it last ?
Ans. - The period when Kansas was a territory , from
July 7 , 1854 , to February 9 , 1861 .
3. Give the substance of the following laws : Child - labor
law , state -wide primary election law , juvenile courts .
Ans .- ( a ) Prohibits
,
the employing of children under
fourteen years of age in factories packing houses and mines ,
and of children under sixteen years at any occupation “ in
jurious to life , limb , health or morals . "
( b ) Provides for the nomination of all elective public
officials by a direct vote of the people instead of by con
ventions .
( c ) Courts , under the jurisdiction of probate judges , for
the care of dependent , neglected and delinquent children .
4. Why are the following names prominent in Kansas
history : Sámuel J. P.
Crawford , H. Sheridan , Amos A.
Lawrence , Noble Prentis , David J. Brewer , Eli Thayer ?
Ans . ( a) The third governor of Kansas ; distinguished
soldier in the Civil War and in Indian warfare .
( b ) He was stationed at Fort Harker to check Indian
raids on the frontier .
( c ) A wealthy resident of Massachusetts who contributed
large amount to help immigrants to Kansas to make the
state free .
( d ) Author of the “ History of Kansas ") and of other
books ; also a distinguished editor.
( e) President Kansas State Teachers ' Association , dis
trict judge and associate justice Supreme Court of Kansas ;
associate justice Supreme Court of the United States .
( f ) Member of Massachusetts Legislature and promoter
of free state emigration to Kansas .
5. What colonists from a foreign country were exempted
from military duty by the Legislature of Kansas ? Why ?
Ans The Mennonites from Russia
.--
Exempted because
.
their religion prohibited them from going war

to
Are there any Indian reservations

If
80
in
6.
Kansas
?
where
?
Ans . — The Pottawatomie Reserve in Jackson County ; the

Kickapoo Reserve in Brown County .
7. What was the “ Original Package " case ?
Ans .— Under a decision of the Supreme Court of the
United States the shipping of liquor in unbroken packages
into prohibition states was made legal . Congress promptly
neutralized the effects of the decision by passing an act
which gave a state the right to stop the importation of
liquor .
8. Name five books in prose and two poems by Kansas
writers .
Ans . a () “ A Certain Rich Man , " by William Allen
White ; “ Kansas in the Sixties , ” by Samuel J. Crawford ;
“ The Price of the Prairies ,” by Mrs. Margaret Hill Mc
Carter ; “ A Journey of a Jayhawker , '' by W. Y. Morgan ;
“ The Angel of the Gila , ” by
Cora Marsland .
( b ) “ John Brown , ” by Eugene Ware ; “ The Sod School
house , ” by Charles Moreau Harger .
9. Explain the terms “ Dunsmore House " and " Douglas
House .
Ans. In the contest between the Republicans and Pop
ulists in 1893 for the possession of the House of Repre
sontatives, the Populist organization was termed the “ Duns
more House ”) ; the Republican , the “ Douglas , ” taking their
names from the two speakers .
10.
How can Kansas history

be
found school districts

in
and townships
?
township and school district offi

of
Ans
In
the records
-
.
of
cials and the recollections the oldest inhabitants

in
,
.
.
the important crops Kansas and give

of
of
Name four
1.
directions for the culture

. of
of
one them
.
Corn wheat alfalfa oats

,
,
,
July
In
wheat culture plow the ground possible

in
if
,
early August then lightly disk harrow before plant

or
. or
,
ing early October Drill from three

or
in
September
in
of
pecks five pecks clean seed wheat

to
Discuss the care and feeding dairy cows

of
2.
Dairy cows should have dry warm stable and should

a
regular hours
be
at
fed and milked

.
During the summer months good pasture will furnish

a
all the feed needed but later when the pastures begin
to
,
clover should be fed

or
grow poor green corn cow peas

,
,
night and morning During the winter time silage alfalfa

,
.
be
hay bran corn chop and cottonseed meal should fed

,
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS
NSAS 21
in addition to such roughage as corn fodder , cow pea hay

and clover .
Foods containing protein , carbohydrates and fat should
be used in a balanced ration . Each individual cow requires
special attention in order to get the best results .
3. Name six products from cattle and describe the manner
of preparing one of them for the market .
Beef , milk , butter , hides , tallow , stable manure .
Cattle for beef are pastured and rough fed until they
are two or three years old . Then they are often fed alfalfa,
corn meal and cotton seed meal . Sometimes the alfalfa is
ground into meal.
4. Tell what pruning is and how it should be done .
Pruning is cutting the dead or useless limbs from trees ,
or the extra growth from grape vines .
,
In apple trees the dead wood water sprouts , and inter
fering branches should be cut off smoothly and close to
the body of the tree .
Peach trees are often topped back so as to make the
heads lower and more compact .
Grapes are cut back to two or three vines or limbs of
the new wood , and these are shortened to a length of from
three to five feet .
5. Why should birds be protected ? Mention some specific
instance of the helpfulness of birds to the farmer .
So that they may destroy noxious insects and seeds .
The quail is a special friend to the farmer , and should
receive the protection it merits .
ENGLISH LITERATURE .
1. Quotea stanza from the “ Recessional . ' '
Ans
.--
For the applicant

.
What message for the whole race does the Reces

2.
sional bring
?
—
na
is
Ans That righteousness alone that exalteth

it
a
.
pomp and circumstance

of
tion and that the war are

;
"
'
vanity
.
Explain clearly reeking tube iron shard valiant dust

3.
,
:
frantic boast
.-
.
Referring
of to
Ans Gun barrels Shells

b
a
c
d .
(
)
)
(
)
.
(
the expression dust thou art The boasting

"
''.
,
(
)
as
nations their strength power and conquests

a to
. .
stanza from the Chambered Nautilus

4.
Quote
”

.
.
5. What is the message of the “ Chambered Nautilus ”' ?

Ans .— Mental expansion . Going from strength to
strength .
6 : Explain : -
“ More stately mansions , " " Low vaulted
past ,"
-
"till thou at length are free . ' '
Ans . A broader life . Narrow environments and lim .
ited vision . Free from the limitations of a narrower life .
7. Quote six lines from “ Evangeline . "
8. What do you most admire in " Evangeline ???
Ans .— The loyalty of Evangeline to her betrothed .
9. Briefly sketch the life work of Irving .
Ans . - Began with law , but abandoned it for literature .
Wrote much for periodicals . Gathered materials in Spain
for “ Conquest of Granada ” and “ Life of Columbus . "
Wrote a life of Washington , “ Sketch Book , 99.66 Tales of
a Traveler ,"' “ Knickerbocker History of New York . ” Was
United States Minister to Spain 1842-1846 .
10. Show the value of teaching whole classics instead of
the excerpts usually given in the readers.
Ans .— The excerpts are usually of a fragmentary char
acter , and they do not give the student a complete view of
the work from which they are taken . The extracts may be
beautiful in themselves , but taken out of their setting they
give but a single view , and that often a dim one of the
classic as a whole .
MODERN HISTORY .
1. Explain the difference between the Separatists and the

Puritans.
Ans .— The Separatists wero really Puritans, but a smaller
body than the Nonconformists , another group . The Non
conformisto desired to reform the Church of England with
out leaving it. The Separatists thought each church should
be self -governing , and that it was their duty to separate
themselves from the national church . Hence , the name
given to them in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.
Later , the name “ Pilgrims ' was given to the Separatists .
2. Connect with historical events the following_names :
Gustavus Adolphus , Grand Monarch , Huguenots , House of
Bourbon , George Whitefield .
Ans . ( a) Great Swedish general. He won at the battle
of Latzen , but was killed during the action .
( b ) The name by which Louis XIV of France was known .
STATE OF KANSAS 23
( c ) The revocation of the Edict of Nantes took away

from them religious freedom .
( a ) The French Revolution .
( e ) One of the founders of the Methodist Church .
3. How did William and Mary become king and queen of
Great Britain ?
Ans . - Mary was the daughter of James II
. Because of
the misgovernment and flight of James the throne was de
clared vacant by a convention of representative men , and
William and Mary were , in 1689 , elected king and queen .
4. What was the “ partition of Poland ' ' ?
Ans .—In 1772 , Catherine of Prussia , Frederick of Prus
sia and Maria Theresa of Austria divided Poland , each tak
ing a part .In 1793 there was a second partition between
Russia and Prussia , and in 1795 a third , which took Poland
as an independent government off the map .
5. Name the four Stuart kings of Great Britain . Why
was there a continuous controversy between them and their
Parliaments ?
Ans.- ( a) James I I
, Charles , Charles II
, and James . II
( b ) Because every one of the four disregarded the rights
of the people and sought to rule as despots .
6. How does the literature of the Elizabethan age com
pare with that of the Puritanic period ? Name . two noted
works of each period ?
Ans . - Both were great literatures , but that of the Eliza
bethan period excelled the Puritanic .
Elizabeth were Shakespeare , Bacon
, In the reign of
Spenser and More . It
is the glory of the Puritanic period that it
gave to the
world Milton and Bunyan . It
is true “ Paradise Lost "
and “ The Pilgrim's Progress " were written after the
Puritans had lost power , but the authors were Puritans .
7. How did the French Revolution in 1789 and the Ameri
can Revolution of 1776 differ in methods and results ?
Ans .— The French Revolution was brought about by cruel ,
violence, and there accompanied
its
unnecessary movement
too much of wanton and even fiendish brutality Tho
.
American Revolution was conducted orderly

in
an manner
In
to
from beginning end civil life meetings were char

,
, .
acterized by self control and war everything was dono

in
-
accordance with the humane rules recognized by civilized

in
governments
.
When did cabinet government begin

8.
in
Great Britain
?
What
is
cabinet
a
?
Ans . (a ) It originated in the reign of George , but it I

did not become firmly established until the reign of George
III , when Sir Robert Walpole became Prime Minister .
( b ) In Great Britain the Cabinet is a body of advisers
under the leadership of the Prime Minister . Each member
is the head of a department of the government . All mem
bers of the British Cabinet must be members of Parlia
ment .
9. Give three important events in the history of the world
in 1911 .
Ans The beginning of the war between Italy and Tur
.--
key the revolution China the controversy between Ger
in
;
;
many and France concerning Morocco
.
10. What would you teach your classes concerning the
the empires that hase disappeared
I of
of
causes the fall
?
Ans.- would tell them how misgovernment corruption
,
high places luxurious and irreligious living led
in
to
the
,
downfall of empires and states

.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING
.
the recitation period
of be
What should accomplished

in
1.
the testing pupil's
of
besides the memory the lesson as
signed
?
the parts
of
Ans An aceurate and clear statement
of
a
-
.
by
given each pupil directing atten

be
the lesson should

;
.
throwing light the subject from sources
on
to
tion errors
;
outside the text book showing what use can to be
of
made
;
-
the knowledge acquired showing children how study

;
.
the relative importance immediate and re
of
What
2.
is
an
mote interests teaching Give reason for
in
children
?
swer
.
Ans McMurry
do
.-
Abstractions says not arouse

"
,
,
"
'
It
enthusiasm the concrete the detailed that arouses

is
,
.
particularly that detail that closely related to

is
interest
,
life The immediate appeals children more than the

to
.
remote
.
the preparation
of
What
involved
in
3.
lesson besides
in is
fixing the facts given

of
mind the text book

in
the
?
-
each other by the

be
to
Ans These facts must related

.
give them value

a to
student
.
In reading lesson should more attention given

be
to
4.
to
the unusual words and expressions those which already

or
,
to
belong the child's experience Give reason for answer

?
in .
the most important parts

of
of
recitation
.—
Ans One
a
reading make the pupil acquainted with unusual words

to
is
and expressions The other words the lesson are known

in
.
STATE OF KANSAS 25 .
to the child , and these do not need to be given so much

attention .
5. Which is more valuable in education , the acquisition of
unrelated facts , or knowledge of relations between facts ?
Why ?
Ans . — The knowledge of relation between facts . Because
that implies a knowledge of the art of reasoning . A parrot
can learn unrelated facts .
6.Is it desirable to cultivate independence of judgment
in children , or should they be trained to accept the opinions
of others , e. g ., of the teacher ?
Ans . - Yes ; within reasonable limits . The independence
must be linked with modesty , and the opinion of the child ,
if it differs from that of the teacher , should be advanced
with deference and respect .
7. Which is easier to teach , a pupil who has the power of
initiative , or one who does not have it ? Why ?
Ans . — The pupil who has the power of initiative is easier
to teach because the possession of that power implies mental
power and grasp , the ability to reason and to construct .
8. Should memorizing follow or precede thinking ? Why ?
Ans . - It should follow thinking . There is danger if the
other order is followed that memorizing may be made a
substitute for thinking . The child finds for himself a
beautiful piece of poetry. The thoughts in it have capti
vated him and he memorizes the selection because he loves it .
9. Which is more important , to test the presence of an idea
in the pupil's mind or his power to put the idea to practical
use ? How does the school compare with life out of school
in this respect ?
Ans. - His power to put the idea to practical use . Ideas
are valuable to the extent that they lead to practical results .
In the work of life this is also true .
10. State one proposition , not included in the above ques .
tions , which is set forth in McMurry's “ How to Study . ”
Ans.— “ True or logical study is not aimless mental activ .
ity or a passive reception of ideas only for the sake of hav .
ing them . It is the vigorous application of the mind to a
subject for the satisfaction of a felt need . "
June 21 and 22 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. Explain topical method , objective method , concrete
method . Which should be used ? Why ?
Ans . Under the topical method , definitions , processes ,
and rules are worked out informally at first , in connection
with preceding facts and problems handled on the basis of
common sense and general good judgment. Then at the
proper time the formal process is introduced .
Under the objective method , number facts are taught as
far as possible through the use of objects .
Under the concrete method numbers are given a concrete
significance . Thus , in the combination 3 + 4 = 7, the pupil
will thing 3 marbles and 4 marbles are 7 marbles and ,
through this concrete representation he will learn to think
the process abstractly .
The objective and concrete methods are especially useful
in primary number work and always where the pupil has
difficulty in thinking through the use of abstract symbols
and formal processes . The topical method leads the pupil
to understand the need and to appreciate the superiority
of the general method over the clumsy methods invented by
himself on the basis of his previous experience .
2. How much and what number work should be accom
plished in thefirst grade ? Second Third ?
?
Ans . First year - Count objects abstract numbers
and
to 100 ; learn combinations by addition and subtraction to
16 ; count by 2's to 20 , by 3's to 15 , and by 4's to 16 ;
learn the use of the inch , foot , yard ; pint , quart ; cant , five
cent piece and dime .
Second year - Write numbers to 1,000 ; addition and sub .
traction , using numbers of not more than four digits . Be .
gin the process of “ carrying and borrowing . Multipli
cation by 2's to 20 ; by 3’s to 30 ; by 4’s to 40 ; by 5's to
STATE OF KANSAS 27
50 ; by 10's to 50 ; drill on 1 , $ , š , 1 , 44, 4 , 46, 48, 36,

4 of objects and numbers . Learn the units square inch ,
square foot ; second , minute , hour , day ; days in the week ,
month , year ; half - dollar and dollar ; add columns of three ,
four and five numbers .
Third year — Begin elementary arithmetic text ; multipli
cation and division tables to 10's . Practice addition and
subtraction . Practice in use of measurements .
3. In which grade should the subject of long division be
introduced ? Where should stress be placed : on the ability
to use fractions , or in a thorough understanding of pro
cesses ?
Ans. Long division should be begun in the fourth year .
More stress should be laid on the ability to use fractions
than a thorough understanding of the processes .
4. Discuss the value of mental arithmetic .
Ans . Some of the good results of the study of mental
arithmetic are : Cultivates the attention , leads to accuracy ,
skill and rapidity in making calculations , cultivates the
reasoning power , teaches analysis, and creates a feeling of
independence in handling numbers .
5. Divide % by 34 and explain by means of the divided
rectangle .
Solution :
6
F
A a b IK B
H
34 b
D a C
G E
Since it is always true that the product of the divisor
and quotient must equal the dividend, it follows in this
problem that 34 X some fraction - % .
Divide the rectangle A B C D into sixths by vertical lines
and into fourths by the horizontal lines . This divides the
rectangle into 24 equal parts . From the figure it will be
seen that HKED is equivalent to AFGD , which is % of
the rectangle A B C D. One side of H KED is 34 and the
other is D Е , which is 818 of DC . Hence the area of
H KED 34 X 918. But since HKED = % of ABCD

34 X 918= %
Therefore 4 : 34 = 818.
6. In 1909 Finney County had ;
and Kearny County 340
of the sugar - beet acreage of Kansas . What per cent had
-
each of the state's acreage ? What per cent had both ?
Ans . Finney County had 663 per cent and Kearny
County had 30 per cent of the sugar -beet acreage of Kan
sas . Both bad 963 per cent of the state's acreage .
7. The amount was $97.50 , interest $ 7.57 , rate 4 per cent .
What was the time ?
Solution :
$ 97.50— $ 7.57 = $89.93 = principal .
$ 7.57 :
$ 89.93 X.04X $3.60 = interest for 1. year .
2.1 yr .
$3.60 = 2.1 = number of years .
2 yr. 1 mo : 7 da.
8. The dimensions of an ordinary wagon -box are 10 feet
by 3 feet by 25 inches . How many bushels of shelled corn
will it hold ?
.=
Solution :
120 X 36 X 25 =-108,000 = No. cu . in . in box
108,000 cu . in : • 2,150.42 cu . in . 50.22
No. bu . of corn that the box will hold .
9. If
a cube 7 feet on an edge of prairie hay , after set
tling , is a ton , how many tons of hay will a barn hold , the
dimensions of which are 40 feet by 25 feet by 8 feet ?
Solution :
40 X 25 X8 = 8,000 = No . of cu . ft . in the barn .
A ton 343 cu . ft .
8,000 cu . ft . • 343 cu . ft . 23.32 = No.
of tons that the barn will hold .
10. Which will pay better , an investment in bank stock at
200 paying 10 per cent dividend annually , or railroad stock
at 125 paying 6 per cent dividend annually ? How much ?
Solution :
$ 10 - $ 200 = .05 .
Hence the bank stock pays 5 per cent on the investment .
$6 = $ 125 .048 .
Hence the railroad stock pays 4.8 per cent on the invest
ment . Therefore the bank stock will be the better invest
ment by .2 per cent .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
What peoples from Europe settled in Cloud , Ellis and
1.
McPherson counties ?
Ans . The word Europe should not have been used , though
STATE OF KANSAS 29
the French -Canadians in Cloud county have many of the

characteristics and customs of their French ancestors ..
In Ellis there are large colonies of Russian -Germans , in
McPherson of Swedes .
2. Name five minerals found in Kansas , and tell where
each is found .
Ans . Coal in Leavenworth , Osage , Crawford , and in other
counties . Zinc , in Cherokee county ; salt, in Kingman , Lyon
and Ellsworth ; lead , in Cherokee and Crawford counties ;
gypsum , in Marshall and Barber .
3. What races are represented in Kansas today ?
Ans. White , negro , and Indian .
4. Name three important church missions of territorial
times . Tell where each was and name the leader .
Ans . Shawnee , in what is now Johnson county . Leader ,
Rev. Thomas Johnson , Methodist . Osage Mission , now St.
Paul. Leader , Rev. John Schoenmaker , Catholic . Ottawa
Baptist Mission . Leaders , Rev. Jotham Meeker and wife .
5. How did the Kansas -Nebraska bill affect Kansas ?
Ans. The bill allowed the people of a territory to say
whether they should have slavery or not . Hence , it gave
rise to the struggle for and against slavery .
6. What important events in the history of Kansas are
associated with the following names : Amos H. Lawrence ,
Lecompton , Pawnee , Charles Robinson , Col. E. V. Sumner ?
Ans . ( a ) A wealthy man in Massachusetts who supported
liberally the New England Emigrant Aid Society . (b ) A
center of contest in Territorial days . It was the capital
for some time .
(c) The name of a tribe of Indians and of a county ;
also , of one of the Territorial capitals .
( d ) First governor of the State .
( e ) He dispersed the Legislature in Topeka in 1856 .
7. Name the capitals of Kansas in the order of their
succession .
Ans . Fort Leavenworth , Shawnee Mission , Pawnee ,
Shawnee Mission , Lecompton , Lawrence , Topeka .
8. How long have Kansas women had the right to vote
at school elections ? How long have they had the right to
vote in city elections ?
Ans. ( a ) Since 1861. ( b ) Since 1887 .
9. Why are the following names prominent in Kansas
history : David J.
- Brewer , Wm . A. Peffer , Geary , Zebulon
Ans . (
M. Pike , John W. Leedy ?
a) President Kansas Teachers ' Association , As
sociate Justice Supreme Court of the United States .

( b ) United States Senator .
( c ) Third governor of Kansas Territory .
( d) Went through Kansas on his way to Pike's Peak .
Lowered the Spanish flag and raised the Stars and Stripes
in what is now White Rock township , near Republic City .
( e ) Governor of Kansas , 1897-1899 .
10.
What the Traveling Library How does benefit
is
it
?
the people
?
Ans department the State Library
of
inof
A Libraries
.
.
neighborhoods organizations and
50
books are lent
to
,
dividuals on the payment
of
small fee Benefit Books
:
.
are supplied people remote from large libraries
to
.
ALGEBRA
.
Make and name the symbols aggregation
of
operation
1.
,
and relation
--
.
+
The symbols operation are plus
X of
read
,
:
;
"
"
read minus and each read times or multiplied
;
; “
”
"
"
·
by
.by
•
read divided The symbols aggregation

“
”
'
'
are
,
respectively
,
,
:
read parenthesis
,(
{
}
“
" [
]
'
'
bracket The symbols
“ of
brace relation are
“
:
read respectively equals greater than
is
<
,
is
”,
,
"
”,
less than
6
"
.
Explain and illustrate
fac
, 2.
base coefficient exponent

,
,
tor and addend
.
In
a3
expression
is
a is
the the base and 3 the
a
,
“
”
"
"
exponent and the expression means that the base
is
,
”
taken three times as factor a3 αXαX
=
=
a
α
.
.
of of
Each the product

of
of
the factors number any
or
a
; of
ab of
number factors called the coefficient
5 is
the rest is a
,
term abxy
of
of5x
Thus
in
in
is
the coefficient
x
.
the coefficient xy
.
An exponent number placed above and the right

to
is
a
figure
or
is is of
letter called the base and the exponent

if
to a a
positive integer indicates how many times the base

it
,
Xa xa
=
a5
as
be taken factor Thus

X
x
a
a
,
a
.
more numbers multiplied together produce

or
When two
certain product each
of
called factor
is
these numbers
, a
a
the product
of
Thus and are factors

of
and
m
2
6
,
n,
is of .
are factors mnp

p
An addend one of the two

or
more numbers which are

being added Thus and +5
+
in
are addends
5
2
,
2,
3,
3
,
.
= 11
.
STATE OF KANSAS 31
3. If a = 3, b = l , c = 5, d = 7 and e = 2 , evaluate the

following :
a3 - ce2 + 3cd
( 1 ) abcd -- 4e2, ( 2)
d — atc
( 1) abcd — 4e2 = 3X 1 X 5 X 7—4 X 22
= 105 — 4 X 4
= 105 — 16
=89 .
a3 + 3cd 33-5 X + X X
- ato
- ce2 22 3 5 7
(2)
d 7—3 + 5
27 — 20 + 105
=
9
112
124 .
your work show

let
4. In the solution :
Statement depending prob
of
on
condition the
1
a
(
)
lem
.
quantities
or
Two equal number
to
the same
2
(
)
term
.
The equation these quantities

of
4 3
( (
) )
derivation indi
as . its
Each equation numbered

,
.
cated and the axiom stated
,
many cents Charles and four

? . as
James has three times

,
many All together they have

57
as
as
times William cents

.
How many cents has each

Solution
:
Let = number of cents William has

x
.
of
Then 4x number cents James has

,
4x
and
of
number cents Charles has

.
3
Then by the condition

of
the problem
4x
4x
number of cents all have

+
+
4
3
But 57 = nun er of cents all have ,

4.x
Therefore x + 4x + = 57 (1)
3
Multiply ( 1) by 3
3x + 12x +43 = 171 ( 2)
“ If
equal numbers are multiplied by the same or equal
numbers the products are equal . "
Add the similar terms in left number of ( 2 )
19.30 171 (3)
Divide ( 3 ) by 19
9 (4)
“ If
equal numbers are divided by the same or equal
numbers the quotients are equal . ”
5. The square of a certain number plus the number itself

is 90. Find the number .
Solution :
Let the required number .
Then by the condition of the problem
* 2 + x = 90 (1)
Complete the square in ( 1 ) by adding 1 to each number
x2 + x + 1 = 90 + 4 ( 2)
Adding terms of right member in ( 2 )
x2 + x + 1 3614 ( 3)
Extracting the square root of both numbers of ( 3 )
3 + 1 + 192 (4)
9 or 10.
6. Factor : ( oc— y ) 2 -- 22, 2— xy - xz , and 22 - 700

—
8
.
Solution
:
—y 2-22 -2
=
+
y
2 y
a
y x
].
- -
(
)
(
[
(
]
- [(
). )
+
y
2
- ( (x
(x
-
1 ). )
22
( =
22
XY 2—4—2
—
—
c b
x x
( (
) )
22—7—8
=
+
8
)
(
).
Find the algebraic sum

7.
8abc 17abc 4abc 15abc 12abc

3x +
b a
( (
) )
+ -
+ -
.
73
4x
8x
5x
90—2 —6x
—
15x
+
Solution
:
Babc 17abc 4abc 15abc 12abc -10abc

+
b a
.
( (
) )
+ -
+ -
43-15x -82—3—5x -3X

7x
6x
9.
23_
+
=
–
.
-
Solve and check

8.
= :
3a
4b 32
+
.
STATE OF KANSAS 33
4a + 30 = 31 .
Solution :
3a + 4b = 32 ( 1)
4a + 30 = 31 (2 )
Multiply (1 )by 4 and ( 2 ) by 3
12a + 16b = 128 (3)
12a + 9b = 93 (4)
Subtract ( 4 ) from ( 3 )
76 = 35 (5 )
Divide ( 5 ) by 7
b= 5 (6)
Substitute 5 for b in ( 1 )
3a + 20 = 32 (7)
Transpose in ( 7 )
3a = 32-20 (8 )
Collect terms in ( 8 )
3a = 12 (9 )
Divide ( 9 ) by 3
a =4 10 .
Therefore a = 4 and b = 5.
Check : From ( 1 ) 12 + 20 = 32 . From ( 2 ) 16 + 15 = 31 .
9. The denominator of a fraction is three times the nu

merator . If y be added to the numerator and 6 to the de
nominator , the denominator will be twice the numerator .
Find the fraction .
Solution :
Let x = the numerator
and y = the denominator
0
Then - the fraction .
y
Then from the first condition of the problem
y = 3x (1)
And from the second condition the fraction becomes
x+ 7
y+6
and we have the equation
y + 6= 2 ( x + 7 ) (2)
Multiplying out , transposing and collecting terms in ( 2 )
Y — 2x = 8 (3)
y — 3x = 0 (4 )
Subtracting ( 4 ) from (3)
x= 8 (5)
Substitute 8 for x in ( 1 )
y = 24 . (6)
20 8
Using these values for x and y the fraction
Y 24
10. Find the L. C. M. of a2 + a, a4 - a2, and ab +a3.

Solution :
a2 + a = a ( a + 1)
a4_a2 = a2 ( a + 1) ( a — 1)
a6 +a3 = a3 ( a + 1) ( a2 - a + 1)
L. C. M. =a3 ( a + 1) ( a – 1) ( a2 - a + 1) .

1. What were the motives that prompted the Spanish , the
French , the English and the Dutch to explore America ?
Ans.- ( a ) Spanish - Conquest , desire for riches , and re
-
ligious affairs . ( b ) French - Commercial interest and re
ligious affairs . ( c ) English Search for northwest passage ,
commerce , desire for power , extend territory . ( d) Dutch
Search for northwest passage , commerce , and to extend
territory .
2. Contrast the New England and the Southern colonies ,
as to people , topography of country , climate , and purpose
of settlement .
Ans . — New England— ( a ) Puritans , working people . (b )
Cold , rigorous climate . (c ) Rough , rocky surface . ( d ) Es
tablish homes and secure religious freedom .
Southern colonies- (a ) Cavaliers, gentlemen . ( b ) More
level and fertile soil . (
c) Warmer . ( d ) Profit .
3. State five reasons for studying history and give your
plan of teaching history in the intermediate grades.
Ans . - 1. For general knowledge and information . 2. To
develop patriotism and citizenship . 3. Mental training and
culture . 4. To use the personal examples in the lives of
prominent men to develop character . 5. A basis for the
study of governments and to gather material to judge the
future .
The first of the above reasons is the important one in
the intermediate grade . Here we emphasize the important
topics , fixing them as basal for the study of relations in
more advanced work .
4. Discuss briefly ( a ) recent trust prosecutions, ( b ) par
cels post , ( c ) postal savings banks .
Ans . - Recent Trust Prosecutions . There have been about
thirty -five recent trust prosecutions . The purpose has been
STATE OF KANSAS 35
to dissolve the trusts , compel them to observe the provisions

of the Sherman law , and to prevent organized capital driv
ing out and ruining other industries . The most famous
prosecution is that of the Standard
Oil
Company which
,
by
has been ordered dissolved the United States Supreme
Court Other trusts prosecuted are the tobacco trust
',
the bath tub trust the binder twine trust etc.
,
”
“
,
"
'
'
permit parcels greater
byto
proposed act
of
Parcels Post
A
.
weight than that now allowed sent through
be
law
by. to
the mails The limit now four pounds
is
.
of
Postal savings banks are established the authority
The
at
the postoffice department specified postoffices
.
patrons these offices may deposit money
of
these banks
in
limited amounts and receive per cent interest The
in
.
advantage government protection for depositors
is
.
5-6 Show how the extension slavery was affected by
of
.
the following Missouri Compromise

of
each Com
b
a
,
:
(
)
(
)
,
promise Kansas Nebraska Bill
( of
Dred Scott
-
1850
, ,
d
c
(
)
( (
) )
Decision Emancipation Proclamation Thirteenth
) . e
,
f
)
Amendment
Ans .— The Missouri Compromise prevented the exten
a
(
slavery into the limits

of of of
of
sion the Louisiana Purchase
the parallel
36
30
north north latitude except
in
the
,
°
'
Missouri The Compromise
of
state 1850 prevented
b
(
)
.
slavery into California abolished the slave

of
the extension ,
of of
of
left the question slav
in
trade the District Columbia

,
ery
be
the territories Utah and New Mexico deter
in
to
mined by the settlers The Kansas and Nebraska bill
c
(
)
.
was virtually repeal of the Missouri Compromise
as
it
,
a
permitted the settlers of Kansas and Nebraska which were

(
part
of
be 36
30
of
the Louisiana Purchase and north

à
'
north latitude free
to
decide whether the state should

)
in
extending
or
slave The Dred Scott decision assisted

d
(
)
.
by
slavery permitting slave owners

to
take their slaves into

free territory The Emancipation Proclamation freed
e
.
(
)
of
all
parts rebellion against

or
the slaves
1 in
states states
in
January
on
the United States government 1863. The

,
(
)
f
Thirteenth Amendment prohibited slavery within the ter

all
ritory places subject

of
the United States and

to
in
their jurisdiction
.
Associate the following names history John Mar

in
7.
shall John Brown Andrew Johnson Benjamin Butler Hor

,
,
,
ace Greeley Mary Lyon Horace Mann Carl Schurz Salmon

,
P. Chase John A. Logan

,
John Marshall famous chief justice

of
Ans the United

—
,
.
States John Brown anti slavery agitator Andrew John

;
;
,
.
son , vice -president and president ; Benjamin Butler , soldier ,

statesman , and governor of Massachusetts ; Horace Greeley ,
noted editor and founder of the New York Tribune ; Mary
Lyon , educator , founder of Mt. Holyoke Seminary ; Horace
Mann , educator , secretary Massachusetts State Board of
Education and president of Kenyon College ; Salmon P.
Chase , statesman and chief justice ; John A. Logan , states
man and soldier .
8. In teaching history what use should be made of : ( a )
Written work , ( b ) special reports, ( c ) theme work on spe
cial topics , ( d ) note -book work ?
Ans. ( a ) Written work should be used extensively as a
means of determining the exact facts to be taught and
testing the pupil's understanding . ( b ) Special reports are
of value in tracing results , unifying topics, and developing
the habit of research . ( c ) Theme work on special topics
is of great value in fixing facts , acquiring detail , and de
veloping the power of expression . Use such topics as “ The
Development of Slavery , ” “ The Effect of Inventions , ” etc.
( d ) Note -book work , together with outline maps , is of value
tracing campaigns, fixing boundaries , briefly outlining top
ics for the purpose of study.
9. Under " Related Topics ” in the Institute Course in
History appears this question : " Which was leading factor
in colonization , the political , social, economic , or religious
one ? Also , “ Influence of the Dutch and Quakers on na
tional ideals . " Show that these are vital questions and are
necessary to a full appreciation of the spirit of the New
England and Northern colonies .
Ans . - An understanding of these vital questions leads to
a comprehension of the relation of cause and effect , and to
a fuller knowledge of the importance of the philosophy of
history .
10. Explain : Free trade , Tariff for revenue , Protective
-
tariff , Commission form of government , Short ballot .
admit foreign made goods and
To
, .--
Ans . Free Trade

products free of duty thus lowering the cost consumer
to
Tariff for Revenue Tariff sufficient raise only the

to
-
.
revenue necessary to meet the expenses the government

to of
Protective Tariff Tariff high enough prevent the for

.—
eign manufacturer selling goods this country price

at
in
which they can

be
at
below that manufactured and sold

at
profit by the home manufacturer thus protecting the

a
home producer
.
Government .-- govern

of
a of
Commission Form form

A
by
municipalities
at
present confined commis

to
ment
(
)
STATE OF KANSAS 37
sion of five or more , each of whom is responsible for cer

tain departments . Collectively the commissioners consti
tute the legislative body for the municipality .
Short Ballot . - A movement to reduce the number of
elective positions , causing fewer names to be printed on
the ballot , hence the “ short ballot . " It is the intention
to have many officers now elected to be appointed by the
governor or some other officials .
READING .
1. In
what respect are the results of reading meagre in
comparison with the time given to the subject ? What are
the reasons for this failure ?
Ans . More time is given to reading than to any other
branch of study ; and yet good readers are rarely found .
One reason for the failure is the lack of continued and in
telligent effort on the part of the teacher . Another reason
is failure to appreciate the value of good reading as an art .
2. What is the sentence method of teaching reading to
beginners ? Discuss its merits and defects in comparison
with some other specific method .
Ans . In the sentence method the child is taught to recog
nize and to pronounce a group of words comprising a com
plete statement rather than individual words ; e. g ., the
sentence , The dog runs , is the sign of a single idea , as a
picture of a dog running might be . In this method the in
its
dividual word has no meaning to the child except in con
nection with other words One advantage comparison
in
.
that reading likely
be
with the word method
to
is
more
is
natural and expressive The word method however has
,
,
.
an
its
advantage greater simplicity

in
How may taught

be
child read with expression

to
3.
to ?
Ans By thinking the meaning before attempting
of
.
it
express
.
the advantage the pupil wide range

of
4.
to
What
as is
reading compared with intensive study single

of
of
a
book or selection
?
The young pupil needs extend the range

to
of
Ans his
.
knowledge and experience before can study intensively

he
In other words acquire study

he
must matter for before

,
can study with profit

he
Define force as applied reading Describe two va

to
5.
force and give appropriate illustrations

orof
rieties either
,
quoted original
.
Ans Force
of
reading
or
in
is
loudness softness tone

.
, .
Strong force accompany great mental energy

to
is
needed
as in the following : “ Strike ! till the last armed foe ex

pires !” Less force is to accompany
needed a slight or
delicate manifestation energy , as in this :
of mental ««Tho
Lord is my Shepherd ; I
shall not want . ' '
6. What is the relation of feeling as a mental state to
the process of oral reading ?
Ans. Oral reading should be the appropriate expression
of the feeling which is produced in the mind by the senti
ment or text to be read .
7. How may the appreciation of good literature be culti
vated through the reading lesson ?
Ans . By selecting good literature for the reading lesson ,
and by studying the lesson as literature and not as mere
words to be correctly pronounced .
8. ( Before writing on this topic the papers already
written should be handed to the examiner . The institute
course of study may then be used for reference . ) Prepare
five questions suitable for use in the recitation on “ Each
in His Own Tongue, ” and write answers to the same which
you would consider acceptable from pupils.
Ans . 1. Who is the author of this poem ? Ans . Wil
liam Herbert Carruth , Professor of German in the University
of Kansas .
2. What indicates that this is a religious poem ? Ans .
The line repeated at the close of each stanza .
3. What are the terms which by some are identified with
the name of God ? Ans . Evolution , Autumn , Longing,
Consecration .
4. What is described in the first six lines of each stanza ,
respectively ? Ans . Evolution , Autumn , Longing , Conse
cration .
5. Which of the four stanzas awakens the most vivid pic
ture in your imagination ? Why is this so ? Ans . The
second . Because the description is more representative of
my own experience .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Let each applicant spell the following words :
Eulogy , dyeing, dying , drowsy , drudgery , device ,
edifice ,
coterie , ceiling , sealing , coercion , besiege , callous , azure ,
austere , ancient , alien , mirage , arrangement , arraignment ,
quire, choir , eccentric , deficient , experience .
(Give credit of two for each word spelled correctly . )
2. Name two proper and two improper incentives to
study in orthography .
STATE OF KANSAS 39
Ans . (
a ) That persons who cannot spell well are dis
qualified for many positions , and that a proper pronuncia
tion of words makes a pleasing reader .
( b ) The offering of prizes and the hope of winning vic
tories over classmates .
3. Why is the final e retained in the word lovely and
not in the word loving ?
Ans . Because in the first word the e precedes a con
sonant ; in the last , a vowel .
4. Accent properly the following words : Conduct
( noun ) , conduct ( verb ) , convict ( noun ) , convict ( verb ) ,
discount ( noun ) , discount ( verb ) , desert ( noun ) , desert
( verb ) , extract ( noun ), extract ( verb ) . What is the rule ?
Ans. ( a ) conduct , conduct ; convict , convict ; discount,
discount ; desert , desert ; extract , extract . The noun is ac
cented on the first syllable ; the verb on the last .
5. Why is the final e retained in the following words :
Singeing , dyeing , though the rule is to drop the e when the
suffix begins with a vowel ?
Ans . To make a difference in the spelling so as not to
confuse the words with singing and dying .
PENMANSHIP .
1. Large pencils should be used by beginners . Why ?
Ans . For the same reason that crayons are used in black
board work . The child can make larger letters with greater
freedom .
2. When should pen and ink be introduced ?
Ans . Opinions differ as to that . Some skillful teachers
would give the children the pen on the first day . Others
assert pen and ink should not be introduced until the close
of the second year . The use of the pen should not be
put
off
too long
.
to
practical
be
What are the useful movements

in
3.
be
penmanship When should they used

?
Ans The free use acquire gracefulness

of
the arm
on byto
.
.
in
Letters may
be
formed the air the teacher and the

,
children should follow Practice lifting the pen aod

.
making curves paper

on
blackboard and are also valuable

system of penmanship
.
by
What
is
meant Name
4
a
.
the chief points

of
the one you use

.
Ans Where there uniformity throughout

in
is
the
a
a
(
)
.
form and slant of letters

.
For the applicant

5. (b
)
Write your best penmanship

in
:
“ The riches of the commonwealth

Are free strong hands and hearts of health ,
And more to her than gold or grain
The cunning hand and cultured brain ."
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE .
1. Give five characteristics of good exercises and five
eff ects .
( a ) A good exercise must be interesting , safe, regular ,
out of doors, capable of bringing many muscles into use .
(b ) It must strengthen muscles , give gracefulness, re
distribute blood , promote digestion, stimulate activity of
sweat glands.
2. Which is the more important for the child , a knowledge
of anatomy and physiology , or an acquaintance with the
laws of health , the prevention of disease , and rules of sani
tation ? Why ?
(a) The latter if but one line can be pursued .
(b) Because of more direct practical value in safe
guarding health . However, the two fields instead of being
antagonistic are really interdependent, the latter depending
upon the former .
3. Describe four methods of destroying bacteria .
Outside of the body , bacteria are destroyed by sunlight ,
drying , heat and such chemical germicides as formalin .
4. Describe the structure and function of the cerebrospinal
nervous system .
(a) The cerebrospinal nervous system is composed of
nerve cells or neurons held together by connective tissue .
Its parts are brain , cord , nerves and sense organs, the two
latter being classed sometimes as the peripheral system .
b( ) Cerebrum - physical basis of intellect, feeling, will
and voluntary motion ; cerebellum - co -ordination of volun
tary motion , and seat of sense of balance ; Medulla - con
ters for control of swallowing , speech , respiration , beating
of heart , caliber of arteries ; Cord - centers of reflex actions
and conductor of nerve impulses to and from the brain ;
nerves - conductors of nerve impulses ; sense organs - re
ceivers of impressions by stimuli of heat , light , etc.
5. Trace à particle of proteid food until it enters the
blood .
It passes through mouth , pharynx , esophagus , stomach ,
epithelial cells of the villi, mesenteric capillaries and veins ,
portal vein , liver , hepatic veins into the ascending vena cava .
6. Discuss the effects of alcohol and tobacco on the
nervous system .
STATE OF KANSAS 41
Both being narcotic posions, they blunt the sensibility

of certain nerves . With growing animals and children they
retard the growth of the brain and diminish the nervous
energy .
7. Explain briefly the growth , ossification and nourish
)
ment of bones .
(a In very young infants the skeleton is composed of
cartilage , and in case of the thin bones of the skull of
membranes . Growth and ossification consist in transform
ing this first skeleton into a bony skeleton . The bones grow
in thickness by the deposit of bony layers by the periosteum ,
and in length by the growth of cartilage between the con
ters of ossification . The cartilaginous molds for the bones
are eaten out by giant cells , and marrow and blood vossels
take its place .
(b) The bones are nourished by the blood which cir
culates freely through the bones , entering by small blood
vessels from the periosteum .
8. Discuss the nature and effects of adenoid growths .
(a) Abnormal growtas of connective and fatty tissues
in the post -nasıl passages . They check or prevent the pass
age of air through the nose and compel mouth -breathing :
( b) The mouth -breathing occasions constant colds and
attacks of tonsilitis , lowers the vitality of the child , de
forms the face , causes more or less deafness by stopping the
Eustachian tubes , and retards the mental and physical
growth . They should be removed .
9. Explain the value of a balanced ration .
A balanced ration is one containing
all
of
the foodstuffs
the best possible proportion For man this one sixth
in
is
.
-
fats one sixth proteids four sixths carbohydrates with
a
,
,
quantity This gives the right

of
sufficient water and salts

.
carbon and nitrogen maintain energy and

of
amount
to
build and repair tissues without overworking the organs

digestion the liver and kidneys
of
or
,
10. Name the organs and give the chief

of
excretion
,
by
wastes excreted each

.
Lungs skin kidneys liver

;
;
ba
.
( (
) )
Carbon dioxid and water water salts and urea

;
water salts urea acids and pigments from broken down

,
-
,
red blood corpuscles pigments called bilirubin from

;
broken down red corpuscles

-
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
How would you teach civics the primary grades

an in
1.
Ans By taking the family would

as
illustration
I
.
.
show that the obedient child would grow to be a good

citizen , and that the disobedient would grow to be lawless
and dangerous . I
would also teach as much as the children
could understand of school and township government .
2. What courts are in Kansas townships ? Give briefly
their powers.
Ans. Justices of the Peace . They have jurisdiction in
minor offences and they have the power to bind over to the
district court persons charged with graver crimes . They
have jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount involved
is not more than $300 .
3. Trace the passage of a bill in the Kansas Legislature .
Ans . Introduction ; first and second reading ; referred to
the proper committee ; reported favorably by the committee ;
considered in committee of the whole and recommended for
passage ; passed ; sent to the other House ; goes through the
same steps ; if amended in either House , the amendments
must be agreed to by the other . After third reading , a
reading , a constitutional majority — 63 in the House , 21 in
the Senate will be required to pass the bill. After passage ,
the Governor's signature will be required . If
he neglects
to sign within ten days , the bill will become law without
his signature .
4. Through what means does the state of Kansas reg
ulate banks and railroads ?.
Ans . ( a ) A State Bank Commissioner regulates state
Banks ; national banks are supervised by the Federal gov
ernment .
( b ) Railroads are regulated by a Board of State Rail
road Commissioners — three in number . It is the duty of
all
laws made for the regulation

of
the Board to enforce
railroads
.
Name the body which levies the Kansas state tax the
5.
tax for county purposes the tax for township purposes

,
Ans State Tax Commission County Commis

b
a
.
;
(
(
)
sioners Township Board

;
(c
.
)
How would you use telegraphic dispatches and news

6.
in
paper correspondence teaching the everyday workings

of
state and nation

in
government
?
would ask the pupils

all
to
Ans collect from sources

I
.
each day
at or
week the dispatches and would have them

II
,
discussed the current topics period would have maps

.
part
of
and compositions the work

as
How are treaties with foreign governments

7.
made
?
Give an illustration
.
Ans They are made by the President and confirmed

a
(
)
.
STATE OF KANSAS 43
by the Senate . (b ) Treaties made recently with Great

Britain and France .
8. How has the United States constitution grown by
amendment ?
Ans . Fifteen amendments have been made , and another,
in regard to income tax, is now before the legislatures for
ratification . Also one requiring United States Senators
to be elected by a direct vote of the people .
9. How many electors will Kansas have in the electoral
college which elects the next President of the United States ?
Ans . Ten .
10. How is the secretary of the Kansas State Board of
Health elected , and what are his duties ?
Ans . By the Kansas State Board of Health . His duties
all
laws for the protection the public
of
are to enforce
health
.
MODERN HISTORY
on
of
What was the effect the American Revolution
1
.
France
?
its
coming The many Frenchmen who

It
Ans hastened
.
assisted colonists took back to France the story and

the
of
principles liberty
.
the storming
of
What led the Bastille

to
2.
?
by
Ans The dismissal Louis XVI his popular min of

.
ister Necker was the immediate cause The association of

,
,
the prison with despotism made

it
to
hateful the people
By what body were Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
.
3.
condemned What were the charges

?
. ?
Ans By the National Convention Conspiracy with the

.
of
the Republic
to
enemies France treason

,
Why did Napoleon sell Louisiana

4.
?
of
Ans Because its distance from France and because

,
.
he
to
needed the money He also wished make the United

.
States more powerful might embarrass Great

so
that
it
Britain
.
What use would you make geography

of
the teach
in
5.
history
of
ing
?
Ans great deal

of
on
would show maps where

A
use
I
.
important events had taken place where noted people were

,
born and much else

6. ,
the Holy Alliance

of
What was the relation

to
the
Monroe Doctrine
?
of
Ans The members the Holy Alliance Russia Austria

,
,
.
and Prussia encouraged Spain her purposes regain her

to
in
,
lost colonies South America Thereupon President Mon.

in
,
.
roe issued his famous message , and the movement was

blocked .
7. When and where was the German Empire proclaimed ?
Ans . In January , 1871 , at Versailles , in France .
8. What led to the opening of Central Africa to explora
tion and settlement ?
Ans . The discoveries and explorations of Livingston ,
Stanley , Baker and others .
9. Name the European governments that possess terri
tory in Africa , and tell in what part of the continent each
possession lies.
,
Ans. Great Britain has South Africa Egypt and the
Sudan part of East Africa , and parts of West Africa .
France possesses Algiers , Morocco , the Sahara , and part
of Western Africa .
Germany possesses German East Africa , part of South
west Africa and part of Kongo .
Portugal possesses Mozambique in Southeast Africa , and
Angola on the west coast .
Italy owns Somaliland , Eastern Africa .
10. Name five important world events in the twentieth
century .
Ans . The Russo - Japanese war ; the revolution in China ;
discovery of the North Pole ; discovery of the South Pole ;
the practical use of wireless telegraphy .
MUSIC .
1. What is music ? What is meant by sight - singing ?
Ans . ( a ) Musical sounds in succession and in combina
tion according to the laws of musical art. ( b ) Singing in
which the singer is guided by the signs of musical notation .
2. Define accent and measure .
Ans . ( a ) Musical accentis added force given to one
tone , chord , or beat over others in the same connection .
( a) A measure is a group of rhythmic pulses ( beats ) in
cluding one chief regular accent .
3. What clef is used in writing music for high voices ?
Ans . Treble ( or G ) clef.
Write the scale of E -Flat , using this clef .
Write the scale of G , using the clef for low voices .
Illustrations - For the applicant .
4. What are notes ? Make and name four kinds of notes .
Ans . Characters which , by their form , indicate ( “ repre
sent ' ' ) relative duration ( length ) of tones , and by their
positions on the staff show what tones are to be sounded .
Illustrations — For the applicant .
STATE CF KANSAS 45
5. What is à round ? How would you teach one ?

Ans . ( a ) A composition in which two or more voices
or parts sing the same music throughout , each part begin
ning at a different time and returning from the end to
the beginning for as many repetitions as desired . ( b ) Teach
complete melody to entire class as a unison song , then group
members for number of parts required and sing as a round .
6. How would you find the pitch , from a c pitch -pipe , of
the following keys : F , A ? Draw staff to represent your
answer .
Ans . Notation examples . For the applicant .
In words : For F , ( a ) From pitch -pipe c as do, sing down
scale ( or fa chord ) to f
as fa - change to f as do . (b )
Think pitch -pipe c as sol , sing down scale ( or do chord ) , to
f as do. For A , sing do la , change to do .
7. Give the syllable names use in singing the chromatic
scale .
Ans. Ascending : do , di , re , ri, mi , fa , fi , sol , si , la , li ,
ti , do . Descending : do , ti , te , la , le , sol , se, fa , mi , me ,
re, ra , do . ( Sound i like English e in see, e like a in day,
a like a in ah ) .
8. Define cantata , folk song , solo , oratorio .
Ans .-( a ) A composition for chorus and solo voices with
instrumental accompaniment, words generally secular ( some
times sacred ) , usually for concert performance without dra
matic action . ( b ) A popular song which has originated
among the people , authorship not ascribed to any individ
ual ; sometimes a song of the folk song type, authorship
known, like some of the songs by Stephen C. Foster . ( c)
A composition for a single voice or instrument. ( d ) A seri
ous work for chorus and soloists, with instrumental ( or
chestra) accompaniment , words often wholly or in part from
the scriptures , for concert presentation without costumes or
dramatic action . ( Originally " with costumes and scenery ,
like an opera ' ' ) .
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION .

1. Outline your method of developing a language lesson
for the second grade based on observation .
2. Outline a plan for collecting pupils ' errors of speech ,
written and oral .
Ans . - For such mistakes as the errors in using doesn't ,
go
lay sit set rise raise the correct tenses

lie
don't ,
of
;
,
,
.;
of
come blow etc the cases the predicate

.;
who etc
I
,
,
of ,
nominative and objective subjects infinitives fill the

,
blackboard with sentences in which blanks are to be sup

plied . Let the children write sentences of their own illus
trating the correct use of terms . Have pupils keep a list
of mistakes they hear during the day in recitations , and
at the close of the grammar lesson take a few minutes to
discuss and correct .
3. Define and exemplify classes of pronouns .
by
its
its
Ans .— 1. Personal . ( a ) Indicates person form
.
he
you
it
she
I
,
,
b
,
,
.
(
2. )
Compound Personal Personal pronouns with self
, a
.
(
)
Myself yourself itself
or
selves added themselves
(b
,
,
( )
.
.
Interrogative
or
in
Who which what used ask
3.
,
A a)
.
ing questions not dependent adjective clauses
) in
,
inis of
Adjective pronoun that performs the office
4.
a a
(
.
an adjective and noun This book that
is
mine
;
b
(
)
.
yours There are two kinds demonstrative and
c
(
)
.
:
all
definite this that some few etc.
,
a ,
to ,
,
(
)
Relatives Relate Who
5.
an antecedent
b
“
,
(
)
(
.” )
.
is is .
which that Time which misspent lost
is
"
“
is .
,
c
(
to )
What called the double relative and equivalent
" “
,
that which As relative after such many
is
d
a
“
.
”
(
)
,
and same Compound relatives are whoever who
,
e
.
“
(
)
soever . "
personal pronoun
of
the possessive
6.
Possessive
A
a
(
)
.
form used without the thing possessed

of
the name
b
)
(
.
This yours that mine
is
is
of
in
Show how you would develop the classes
4.
verbs
ductively
.

.
of
Discuss the relative values parsing and giving con

5.
structions
.
Ans The two are closely related Parsing should come

—
.
.
first because clear understanding of forms helps the pupil

a
understand the construction In the advanced grades

to
more attention should be paid

to
construction
.
Should language training continue with the study

of
6.
formal grammar
If
be
so
how can such work conducted

?
?
,
Ans By connecting his

as
with other studies

.—
Yes
it
,
, .
tory classics geography etc.

of ,
7. ,
Name number poems and pictures your propose

a
using the third year language work

in
Ans Whittier's Red Riding Hood Longfellow's

“
.
;
''
Hiawatha Susan Coolidge's How the Leaves Came

;
“
“
''
Down Thaxter's Sandpiper and many

. of
Cecelia
,
;
”
Riley's poems All standard language books contain suit

.
able poems Pictures Taylor's The Children's Hour

—
,
“
”
.
STATE OF KANSAS 47
“ John Alden and Priscilla ” ; Millet's “ Feeding Her Bird

ies ” '; Rosa Bonheur's animal pictures . “ Spirit of '76 . ”
8. Diagram or analyse :
" There is a tide in the affairs of men ,
Which , taken at the flood , leads on to fortune ;
a in all
Omitted , the voyage their life 99
of
Is
bound shallows and miseries
in
,
"
.
Ans This compound declarative sentence There
is
—
"
.
.
“ at
of
tide the affairs men which taken
in
is
the flood
a
,
all
on
the first member
of
leads fortune
of to and the
is is
,
”,
voyage their life bound shallows and miseries
in
in
,
but under
if
is
omitted the second member
is is
it
;
”
”
stood the connective
.
introductory the subject
of
Tide
is
There the
,
”
”
"
"
.
!
first member modified by the complex adjective phrase
of is
,
the affairs the preposition

in
men affairs
is
in
,
"
by ;
“
“
)
'
and the ad
its
object modified the adjective the

is
,
"
"
, by
jective phrase
of
men tide further modified
, is
;
'”
“
”
"
the simple adjective clause
at
which taken , the flood
relative pro
is on
of
which
to
is a
leads fortune which
,
,
"
"
"
by
noun the connective and subject and modified
a ,
,
participle used
at
at as
taken the flood taken anis
;
”
"
"
"
by
adjective and modified the adverbial phrase the

is
"
preposition object
so
byat
flood flood its

is
and
is
;
,
a
”
"
''
“ “
,
modified the adjective the predicate
,y
the leads
';
“
by and the
of
modified on
is
the clause the adverb
"
,
"
adverbial phrase fortune the predicate
of
to
is
,
;
”
“
"
'
the first member unmodified

is
,
.
of
All the subject the second member modified

is
of ”,
,
'
by
the voyage complex adjective

of
their life
a
,
"
'
; its
phrase preposition and voyage object
of
is
;
,
ofa
“
"
an
modified by their life adjective phrase of

is is
”
,
"
"
"
by
”, its
preposition and life object modified the

is
,
a
by ”,
“
6
pronoun their the predicate

of
bound the sec

is
);
”
ond member modified in shallows and miseries

in
is
,
,
compound adverbial phrase bound further modi

is
if is
“ “;
a
'
fied by the adverbial clause omitted Wif

is
is is
it
” ”
its subject and is omitted

'
'
the connective
is
it
;
,
"
"
"
its predicate
.
Illustrate the correct use the principal parts

of
of
9.
each
the following verbs and sentences lay
of
Lie recline
to
),
,
(
sit set rise raise

,
. ,
,
Ans The book lies on the table

—
The letter lay unnoticed

.
The letter has lain unanswered for many weeks

.
Lay your wraps aside

.
He laid the bundle on the table .

He has laid the bundle aside .
The child sits by the desk .
The man sat listening .
Many students have sat in his class - room .
Set your standard higher .
The doctor set the bone in a short time .
He has set the chair in the wrong place .
The congregation rises to sing .
The visitor rose to depart .
The senator has risen to a question of personal privilege .
The janitor raises the window in the mornings .
The farmers raised the price of wheat .
They shall awake and be raised from slumber .
10. Give the construction of the italicized words in the
following :
not
" If we delight in gossip , and
are
content unless each
we
neighbor laid upon the dissecting table form char
is
a
,
willing
be
to
acter unenviable indeed and must bear the
,
all
contempt truly good whole we roll our bit

of
of
the scan
as
dal sweet morsel under our tongue

.- a
.”
of
Ans subordinate conjunction condition
If,
1
”
"
(
)
we
connecting the clause delight gossip oswe

If
in
to
“
”
etc.
",
form
Content descriptive adjective predicate
in
the
2
',
“
(
)
modifying the subject we

.”
“
Upon preposition showing the relation between

,
3
”
(
)
table and laid

is
"
.
"
“ "
"
Dissecting descriptive adjective modifying ta

,
»4
“
(
)
ble
.
Character noun objective case object of the

5
,
”
"
,
)
(
verb form
.
Unenviable descriptive adjective modifying

,
6
”
"
(
)
character
"
.'
Truly adverb modifying good

,
7
.”
"
"
(
)
conjunctive adverb
of
While time modifying the

',
8
“
(
" )
we
verb roll and connecting the clause roll

to
etc.
”,
”
we must be willing etc.

,
”
Morsel noun objective apposition with

in
case
,
,
9
,
"
(
)
the noun scandal

"
.
"

.
In what respect may teaching

be
regarded
1.
? as
pro
a
fession _What hinders its full recognition

as
such
?
Teaching may regarded

be
Ans profession
as
in
ex re
a
.
its
spect importance the technical preparation

to
and
;
V
STATE OF KANSAS 49
pert skill required of teachers ; and the number and high

attainments of the men and women who engage in its as a
life occupation . Its recognition as a profession is hindered
by the fact that too many teachers have not had sufficient
preparation and do not continue in the work long enough
to become masters . The control of educational matters by
persons who are not educational experts also tends to hinder
the full recognition of teaching as a profession .
2. Of what advantage is the review lesson ( a ) to the
pupil ? ( b ) to the teacher ?
Ans .( a) The review lesson gives the pupil an oppor
tunity to strengthen the weak places in his original prepara
tion , and serves to emphasize the important points in the
subject matter .
(b ) The review gives the teacher an opportunity to dis
cover his own failure properly to enforce , the previous
lesson or lessons , and serves well to establish a foundation
upon which the new instruction may be based .
3. What is the difference between the direct and indirect
interest ? With w kind is the primary teacher most
concerned ?
Ans . Direct interest is that which is aroused by an ob
ject which is present and stimulating in itself ; indirect
interest is that which is aroused by an object or an idea
which , though not in itself stimulating , is associated with
something which is stimulating or attractive . The primary
teacher is more concerned with direct interest because young
children are naturally more attracted by objects which are
present than by those which are remote .
4. Why should a teacher understand the principles of
attention ? What use should be made of such tonowledge ?
Ans . The teacher should understand the principles of
attention because no teaching is possible unless the pupils
are attentive. This knowledge should be used in securing
attention in natural ways by appealing to the pupils ' im
mediate or remote interests .
5. How do pictures help in the study of geography ?
Ans. Pictures help the imagination to maker the scenes
and places represented more real in the pupil's mind than
they could possibly be without such aids .
6. In what order do the following mental processes oc
cur : reasoning, sensation , imagination , generalization ?
Ans . The logical order is as follows : sensation , imagina
tion , generalization , reasoning .
7. Explain some teaching process which has for
its
chief
object the training
of
skill
.
Ans . The process of teaching the addition of numbers

or the multiplication table is chiefly. concerned with tho
training of skill. Success depends on continual repetition
until the mental response follows with precision and with
out hesitation . The teaching of such arts as penmanship ,
drawing , and the various manual training branches develops
skill in the same way , by repeating the operation until the
movement or series of movements becomes habitual and
automatic, resulting in accuracy and speed .
8. What difficulty have you experienced or what diffi
culty do you anticipate with reference to discipline ? How
have you dealt with this , or how do you propose to do so ?
Ans . It is sometimes difficult to prevent idleness on the
part of pupils and to correct the disorder in the schoolroom
which often results . A good way of dealing with this dif
ficulty is to assign definite tasks adapted to the capacity
of each pupil and to insist on their accomplishment . ( Any
other illustration with a remedy proposed should be satis
factory . )
9. How far is the teacher responsible if . the pupil does
not know how to study ?
Ans . One of the most important duties of the teacher is
to teach the pupils how to study . In most cases if the
pupil does not know how to study , the fault is the teacher's .
10. What do you understand by the expression “ Educa
tion for Efficiency ' ' ?
Ans . Education for efficiency means applied education ;
that is , a training , which will make the pupil competent in
the practical affairs of life . This includes physical and
manual training as well as the knowledge of books. The
term is sometimes applied especially to industrial training ,
but this should not be regarded as the only kind of efficiency
to be desired .
1
STATE OF KANSAS
GEOGRAPHY .
1. What use may be made of the following in teaching
geography : Out -door excursions and observations , imagin
ary journeys , supplementary reading ?
Ans . —By out - door excursions the teacher may illustrate
many features of geography , as islands , valleys , etc. By
imaginary journeys we may learn directions , comparative
areas, etc. By supplementary reading we learn customs ,
habits, and political ideas of other countries . All of the
above are useful in primary geography.
2. Which of the following should be emphasized most :
Location , boundaries , surface, soil, climate ? Why ?
Ans . - Surface , soil and climate. Upon these depend the
its
products of the country and the habits of people hence
,
its geographical value
.
of
Name five leading exports the United States
3.
,
a
(
)
and tell what sections lead their production

in
Name
(b
.
)
frve leading imports and tell from what countries they come
.
Ans Grain Middle West
5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
a
- -
(
)
.
. .
Meats Middle West

Cotton Southern States
-
Manufactured goods New England

. —
Flour Middle West

-
Coffee Brazil
6
(
)
Tea Japan
-
Sugar West Indies

.
-
Woolen goods England

—
Cutlery Germany
-
.
, all
Show that development

of
industries
to
4.
is
due
geological conditions as soil climate harbors mineral re
,
sources
. .
Ans The mountain streams of the New England States

—
is
produce power and result New England manufac

by as
a
a
turing section The rolling prairies the central belt of

.
produced part the glacial epoch has proven

be
to
in
the great grain belt . The Southern Mississippi from its

deposit of silt soil is the great cotton belt . The mountains
,
of the West the mineral producing section , etc.
5. Compare Suez Canal and Panama Canal as to kind ,
importance, and location .
Ans The Suez Canal deep water canal connecting
.--
is
a
the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea The Panama Canal
.
lock canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
is
a
. .
great importance probably Panama the greater
of
Both are
,
What do you expect your pupils
be
read
to
to
6.
able
from maps What do you consider profitable map draw
?
ing and why Unprofitable

,
?
comparative areas and much
of
Something dis
of
Ans
.
tance and direction Map drawings which assist produc
in
.
ing the above results are profitable When taken beyond
.
questionable value
of
this
is
it
.
Name principal rivers and cities passed through
on
7.
journey from your home San Francisco Through what

to
a
.
you travel and what are principal products
do
of
states
,
each
?
Ans Rivers Arkansas Rio Grande Colorado Cities
:
,
,
-
:
.
.
Albuquerque Las Vegas Winslow Bakersfield States
,
:
,
.
Kansas agriculture Colorado mineral New Mexico stock
,
;
,
; ,
raising Arizona mineral and agriculture California min

,
,
eral and agriculture
.
each product zinc pine forests salt coffee

8.
is
Where
,
,
,
,
:
oysters sugar cane wines Where each important an

is
,
?
,
industry cod fishing silk manufacturing meat packing

,
?
:
Ans Zinc Germany and United States pine for

;
a
,
.
(
)
ests Europe and United States salt Kansas and West

;
,
,
Virginia coffee Brazil oysters Northwest Europe and

,
;
United States sugar cane West Indies wine France and

;
,
,
;
California Cod fishing Northwest Europe and Banks

,
.
(b
)
silk manufacturing France meat pack

of
Newfoundland
;
ing Illinois Kansas

9. ,
Kansas locating four cities three

of
Make outline map

,
Indicate regions
, of
rivers and three main lines railroad

,
producing coal fruit potatoes salt

,

.
Why the study transportation and commerce

of
is
10.
an
important feature geography

of
work
in
the world produces things

all
No one part
of
—
Ans
.
needed for the welfare of mankind The location of these

.
things not produced home and the means by which they

at
may
of
of of
be
secured form one the greatest economical

its
problems hence importance the study geography

in
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 53
1. Show how the study of literature will aid you in
teaching reading ?
Ans . — The child who is taught to love literature will read
well . His understanding of the selection will help him in
accent , emphasis and inflection .
2. Which of the classics studied this year do you enjoy
the most , and which would you select as a study for your
pupils ? Why ?
Ans . - For the applicant .
3. In studying * The Deserted Village ” with your class,
what features of the poem , as to motive or purpose and
style , would you emphasize ? Quote one stanza .
Ans . ( a) The pleasure largely mixed with sadness in
contemplating the past ; the holding out to view the lives
of the lowly as having more of virtue than the lives of the
rich .
Ill
(b ) “ hastening ills
to
fares the land prey
,
Where wealth accumulates and men decay
"
.
brief summary Deserted Village
of
Write
4.
the
a
in to “
.”
the village
; of
Ans The return the wanderer which
in
-
.
spent his boyhood the picture past
of
he
his memory
of
scenes the old school and schoolmaster the parsonage
;
;
,
his sports his comrades the beauty lowly lives the
in
;
;
contrast between the rich and the poor .
Briefly sketch the life and work
of
5.
Oliver Wendell
Holmes
.
Cambridge Mass August

29
at
Ans Born 1809 died

,
,
, ;
,
-
.
at .
October 1894. Was educated Phillips Academy And

7,
up
over and at Harvard College Studied law but gave
,
it
,
for medicine Studied medicine Harvard and Paris Was

at
of .
.
professor anatomy Dartmouth College and later
at
at
Harvard Wrote vold Ironsides Autocrat of the

6
,
.
The Professor Breakfast

at
Breakfast Table the

,
"
”
Table Elsie Venner Ralph Waldo Emerson The

",
" ”,
,
“
"
"
"
Chambered Nautilus Over the Tea Cups Wonder

"
,
,
-
ful One Hoss Shay and much besides

,
”
-
Explain briefly how you would teach the poem oid

6.
,
“
Ironsides
."
Ans would give the history the old ship showing

of
—
at ,
.
her service her contest with the Guerriere and Tripoli

ofto in
What led Holmes poetical protest Where she

is
now
the ship Why called
.
.
. '
The name Ironsides

“
."
origin story Image

of
Tell the the

7.
Snow
,
“
."
of
Probably from
an
the lives
in
Ans incident Haw

—
.
thorne's two children

.
8. What great life - truth is revealed in the simple child

tale , “ Snow Image ' !?
Ans . - The worthlessness of empty fame .
9. Summarize the chief characteristics of the " Village
Preacher . "
Ans . He preached not for money nor fame, but for the
love of God . He fed the hungry , consoled the sorrowing ,
raised the wretched , spoke words of hope to the dying , and
was the friend of every man , woman and child in the parish .
his
Like was continually doing good
he
Master
The Perfect Trib
.
What appealed you most
in
to
10.
ute
?
'
'
The true picture Lincoln's great loving heart
of
Ans
,
-
.
.
.
Eight questions selected from the following
may
be
(
)
; .
Discuss fully
of
benefits the soil
in
1.
humus
b
a
:
(
)
(
)
lost from our fields
is
how humus
be
or
Ans Humus vegetable matter must
to
added
,
,
-
.
of
make the soil productive The continuous growing the
.
same crops field robs

on
the humus and the soil

of
it
,
a
impoverished
is
special value
of
Give reasons why
in
legumes are
2.
a
)
(
:
green manures for roughage
as
crop rotations
b
c
;
;
(
)
(
)
feeds
.
put
by
Ans Because they restore fertility the land
to
-
.
ting supplies nitrogen into the soil By plowing

of
them
.
de
formed and weeds are
is
a
under valuable manure

,
stroyed They are valuable for feed because the large

of
.
percentage of nutrients
.
Make sketch showing and naming the important

3.
of
parts of corn kernel wheat kernel

a
;
a

.
Give times and describe method preparing seed

of
4.
beds for corn Give advantages and reasons claimed for

.
each
.
plowed depth
of
be
Ans The land should about six

a
-
. .
inches The soil should be so worked that the surface has

fine tilth
a
milo and Kafir differ feeding value

do
to
as
How
5.
How does their feeding value compare with corn To what

?
climatic conditions are they adapted and why

?
,
Kafir are pal

(a
Both the grain and fodder

of
Ans
)
. .
atable The stems of milo before the seed and the

the Kafir remain juicy and
of
leaves break off while those

,
thus are more valuable for fodder They contain more

6
)
(
.
STATE OF KANSAS 55
protein and starch than corn , and less fat and fiber . ( c )
To hot and dry climates.
6. What is meant by a balanced ration ? Give a list of
feeds arranged in pairs which might be made to balance ,
and name the important food element of each .
Ans .- ( a ) When rations with different nutritive elements
in them are balanced , but not necessarily in equal propor
tions . Thus , both rations should contain protein and car
bohydrates, the ratios differing to adapt themselves to the
particular animal to be fed .
( 6) Carbo
hydrates,
Feeds . Amount . Dry Matter . Proteid . Fat .
Alfalfa hay, dry
Mixed hay
... 10 lbs .
.10 lbs .
9.2
8.5
1.10
.44
4.2
4.4
Wheat bran 5 lbs . 4.4 .60 2.3
Cottonseed meal 1 lb. .9 .40 .4
Total. .26 lbs . 23.0 2.54 11.3

7. State some important principles to be observed in
feeding the dairy cow . What are the advantages of the
silo to the dairy farmer ?
Ans .- ( a ) She should be fed suceulent food , from the
pasture, soiling crops or silage ; also dry roughness , such
(
as hay , straw , corn stover . b ) It preserves in a green and
juicy form green corn , alfalfa, clover , etc.
8. What are the essential characteristics of the beef type
of cattle ? Why is this conformation desirable ?
Ans. ( a) They are reared primarily for beef. They,
have broad , deep , rectangular , solid bodies, short necks ,
short legs . ( b ) So that they may furnish the greatest pos
sible quantity of flesh , where it is worth the most ; for
instance , in the parts from which steaks are taken .
9. What are the objects of budding and grafting ? When
should each be done ? Give directions for propagating grape
vines .
Ans .- ( a ) To improve the quality of the fruit . ( b ) In
August or September. ( c ) A branch or part of a branch
is covered with moist soil . Thus , roots are formed . The
branch can be cut into sections , and each section has roots
and becomes a complete platn .
10 . What are the characteristics of the draft and the
speed types of horse ? Name three draft breeds and tell
where they originated .
Ans.- ( a) The valuable draft horse is large, solid in
build , short in legs , broad in back , and quiet in temper .
56 COʻTNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Breeds : The Percheron , from Normandy ; the Clydesdale ,

from Scotland ; the Belgian , from Belgium . Speed types
are lighter in bone and muscle than a draft horse ; the neck
is longer and thinner , the shoulders longer and more slop
ing . The head is carried more erect and the whole animal
is more graceful in form and movement than the other .
type .
all
11. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of rain
Explain
-g
farming with live stock farming
as
compared
.
fully
.
of
Ans Much depends upon the kind farm and the
of.-
In
part the country which situated Kansas the
in
is
it
be
two should be combined because the grain can
to
fed
its
be
stock and thus value can increased Then the ma
,
.
great value increasing the productiveness
of
of
nure
is
the soil in
.
STATE OF KANSAS 57
June 28-29 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. What should be the nature and extent of first year's
work in numbers ?
Ans. The first year's number should be largely con .
crete and taught through the use of objects as far as pos
sible . In extent it should include counting objects to 100 ;
writing numbers to 50 ; drilling on the 45 combinations in
addition and the corresponding subtractions ; learning the
use of such units as inch , foot , yard ; quart , pint ; cent ,
nickel , dime .
2. Where should stress be placed - on the ability to use
fractions , or on a thorough understanding of the processes ?
Discuss the advantages of cancellation . What stress should
be laid on short methods in solving problems ?
Ans . Both the ability to use fractions and a thorough
understanding of the processes are important and are ulti
mate aims of instruction in fractions . But the processes
will usually be learned berure the pupil attains a thorough
understanding of them .
In performing division where the dividend and divisor
are expressed in factors or where their factors may be easily
found , cancellation offers a short and easy method of ob
taining the quotient .
In the multiplication and division of fractions cancella
tion can be employed with advantage. For a fraction can
be thought of as an indicated division and equal factors
of the numerator and denominator can be cancelled .
The usual process which illustrates the principles in
volved should usually be first learned . When this is under
stood short methods can be employed with advantage.
Generally , the short methods should be reserved for the
advanced and review classes .
3. How and when to help tests the wisdom of the teacher ?
How overcome the helplessness of grammar -grade children
in attacking problems ? Does the teacher's desire to help
lead her to do too much , and hence fail to cultivate self
reliance in her pupils ?
Ans. An informal discussion of the problems about to

be assigned for a lesson , directing the pupil's attention to
what is given directly in the problem , what is inferred ,
and what is required is a good way to help a class get a
start in problem solving. In this preliminary discussion
let
re
the pupil
to do
of
the teacher should most the work
,
serving for herself the putting
of
the class well con
sidered questions and the correcting the pupil's errors
of
.
Encourage the pupil make his own interpretation
of
to
the
problem and be ready adopt whatever sug
is
to
useful
in
.
by
gestions furnished the class The pupil's way may not
.
be
be
the best way but from that may adopt
he
led
to
a
better method of solution Much harm done by the
is
.
teacher insisting too rigidly each one following
on
a
This destroys originality the learner and
in
set model
.
discourages him from making the proper initiative The
.
best help that the teacher can give stimulate and en
is
to
an
courage the pupil effort
to
make
.
The teacher should certainly avoid doing the pupil's
work for him thus failing cultivate self reliance
to
the in
,
-
pupil
.
12
man rows across rods wide and lands
4.
stream
A
5
a
rods downstream from his starting point How far did his
.
boat travel
?
The path
of
the hypotenuse
of
the boat
is
Solution
5 a
.
right triangle whose perpendicular sides are
12
rods and
rods respectively
V .
: H
=
Hypotenuse
H
B2 A2
Base
AB
= :
= = Altitude
52
+
122
V
=
25
+
V
144
=
V
169
13
.
Therefore the boat travels 13 rods

.
How long will go 224 miles

to
at
train
5.
take the
it
20 a
of
46
rate miles minutes

in
hour
1
?
,
Solution.Solve by proportion
.
46
::
224 143
x
:
:
.
3
896
29833 896
X
224 143
46 46 46 138
63469
-
1
STATE OF KANSAS 59
Therefore it will take the train 63469 hr . to run 224 mi.

63469 br . equals 6 hr . 29 min . 34 sec .
6. Why should problems embody materials with which the
pupils are familiar , and why should the prices used be cur
rent prices ?
Ans . - A problem should attract the attention and hold

the interest of a pupil . These ends will be better obtained
from problems embodying materials with which the pupil
is familiar . The pupil is striving to grasp principles and
relations , and to analyze the problem that he may know
what is the proper operation to perform . He can do this
best if he knows definitely the things with which the prob
lem deals . By using current prices the pupil gains some
knowledge in practical business . This data might just as
well be from the real world in which the pupil lives .
7. Make a ninety - day note for

$ 250, interest at 6 per
cent . This note was discounted at a bank 60 days after it
was made . Rate of discount , 4 per cent . Find proceeds .
Solution.
$ 250 Topeka , Kan ., June 21 , 1912 .
Ninety days after date , for value received , I
promise to
pay to John Doe, or order , Two Hundred Fifty and no 100 /
Dollars , with interest at six per cent per annum .
SAMUEL J. SMITH .
Int . on $ 1 for 90 days at 6 % .015
Int . on $ 250 for 90 days at 6 % 250 x $.015 $3.75
Amt . of $ 250 for 90 days at 6 % $ 250 + $ 3.75 $ 253.75
Disc . of $ 1 for 30 days at 6 % .005
Disc , of $253.75 for 30 days at 6 % =
253.75 X $ .005 $ 1.27
Disc . of $ 253.75 for 30 days at 2 % of $1.27 .42
Disc . of $ 253.75 for 30 da . at 4 % = $ 1.27 .42 .85
Proceeds of $253.75 for 30 days at 4 %
$ 253.75.85 $252.90
8. Which investment will pay better - one in a railway

paying 6 per cent dividends annually , their stock selling at
150 ; the other in a mill paying 7 per cent annual dividend ,
.
stock selling at $ 1759
Solution
$6.00 – $ 150 5.04
Hence the railway stock pays 4 % on the investment .
$ 7.00 – $ 175 = .04
Hence the mill pays 4 % on the investment.

The investments are equally good .
9. Sold two farms for $ 8,000 each , losing 20 per cent on

one and gaining 20 per cent on the other . Did gain or I
lose on entire sale , and what per cent ?
Solution.
First farm 100 % C Cost .

20 % C - Lost .
80 % C Selling price .
But $8,000 Selling price,
Therefore 80 % C = $ 8,000
$ 8,000
C= - $ 10,000 .
.80
$ 10,000 - $ 8,000 = $ 2,000 = Logs.
Second farm 100 % C =- Cost

20 % C Gain
C $ 8,000 $6,666.6688
120 % C Selling price
But $ 8,000 Selling price
Therefore 120 % C = $ 8,000
$ 8,000
= $ 6,666.6633
$ 8,000 - $ 6,666.662 = $ 1,333.33 }

1.20
= gain .
–
Both farms .
$ 2,000 $ 1,333.33 $ 666.663 net loss .
$ 10,000 + $ 6,666.663 $ 16,666.66 % total cost .
$666.66 } = $ 16,666.66 } : .04
Therefore I
lost 4 per cent on entire sale .
10. Arrange following fractions in order of size, the

smallest first : 43, 112, 34, 15, 56, 44.
Solution.
1 35 1 84 1 105 3
ll 180 2
W
280
12 420 3 420 4 420 7 420 3 420

STATE OF KANSAS 61
5 350
6 420
ALGEBRA .
1.Define and illustrate : equation , coefficient , binomial ,
exponent.
Ans . - An equation is the expression of the equality of

two numbers or number expressions . Thus
(a + b)2 = 22 + 2ab + b2, 3x = 6.
Any factor of a term or group of factors may be taken

as the coefficient of the rest of
the term . Thus , in 3abx ,
3 is the coefficient of abu ; 3a is the coefficient of bx , and
3ab is the coefficient of x .
A binomial is an algebraic expression of two terms .
Thus , a + b , 3ax + 2y .
An exponent is a number placed above and to the right
of a number symbol called the base , and , if it is a positive
integer , it indicates how many times the base is repeated
as a factor . Thus , a5 = a X a X a X a X a .
am = a . . . Xa xa
to M factors .
2. Evaluate if
a equal 3 , b equal 1, c equal 5 , d equal 7 ,
and e equal 2 :
cde ace a3 ce2 + 3cd
+ -; (b )
dato
(a )
5e 2a
Solution.
cde ace 5 X 7 X 2 3 X 5 X 2
(a) + fo
5e 2a 5 X 2 2 X 3
= 7 + 5 = 12 .
-ce2 + — X + X X
- ato
a3 3cd 33 5 22 3 5 7
d 7—3 + 5
27 — 20 + 105
9
1139 = 124 .
62
.
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
3. Solve and check : James has three times as many cents

as Frank , and four times as many as Earl. Together they
have 57 cents . How many has each ? What is the value of
.
checking ?
Solution
Let x = No. of cents Earl hag .

Then 42 No. of cents James has ,
4.3
And No. of cents Frank has .
3
42
Then it + 420 + No. of cents all have together .
3
=
all
But 57 No. of cents have together
.
43
4x
57
+
Therefore
1
a
)
(
3
Multiplying by
1
3
)
(
=
in +
330 120 4x 171
2
(
)
Collecting terms
2
(
)
19:30= 171
3
(
)
by
19
Dividing
3
(
)
=
9
.
36
Therefore Earl has cents James has cents or X
} 9
9
,
36
12
cents and Frank has

as or
of
cents cents
,
as
CHECK James has three times many cents Frank
.
.
three times 12 cents
is
36 cents
as .
many cents Earl

as
James has four times

.
four times
is
36 cents cents
9
.
57
Together they have cents

+.
12
+
is
36 cents cents cents 57 cents

9
the problem are met

of
Thus all the conditions

.
Checking shows whether the result meets the conditions

of
Thus the analysis the problem formation

of
the problem
,
.
equation and the solution the equation are shown

of
to
of
be correct
.
How would you develop rule for subtraction

4.
explained that the subtrahend

be
Ans First should

—
it
,
.
plus the remainder equals the minuend The common

.
making change Any prob

of
is
method good illustration

a
subtraction can be thus stated

in
lem
.
number scale determining the remainder

in
Second use
a
,
any given case

in
Į
STATE OF KANSAS 63
Third , show that this result can be obtained by changing

the sign of the subtrahend and by adding it to the minuend .
Take the example ( -3
) — ( +5 )
-3
-3 3
State in this form : ( + 5 ) + what number ( )
On the number of scale find the points ( + 5 ) and ( )
and observe that in passing from ( + 5 ) to ( ) we pass
over eight points and in the negative direction . Therefore
( +5) + 8 ) = ( - 3) .
Therefore ( -3
) — ( +5 ) = ( -8
But observe that ( ) to ( -3 ).
) = ( ). -5 -8
Hence we have the rule for subtraction : Change the
sign of the subtrahend and add it to the minuend .
5. Solve and check :
-4 15 2.2 10 -1
+
5 30+ 4 x2 - 20
Solution.
3—4
20 5
+
3 — 15
+4
2x2
22 -
—
36 -
103 -1
20
(1)
Multiplying
X2 16 +
( 1) by ( o 5 )
32 20x + 75
2.2 10x
(a + 4)
- -1 ( 2)
- 10x 60 (3 )
Dividing ( 3 ) by — 10
2= 6 (4 )
CHECK : Put 6 for in equation ( 1 ) .
6 4 6-15 60-1
72 -
65 6 + 4 36-6-20
9
2+ =
10 Im
20
.10
- 9
10
A
11
10
11 11
10 10
6. ( a ) How may algebraic terms be enclosed in symbols

of aggregation or removed from them ? ( b ) Why ?
Ans . - Algebraic terms may be enclosed in symbols of

aggregation or removed from them without changing the
sign of any term , if
the group of terms enclosed or re
moved is preceded by the positive sign . This is equivalent
to adding the terms enclosed or removed .
Algebraic terms may be enclosed in symbols of aggrega
tion or removed from them by changing the sign of every
term enclosed or removed , if the group of terms enclosed
or removed is preceded by the negative sign . This is equiv .
alent to subtracting the terms enclosed or removed and the
rule for subtraction applies .
7. Solve by factoring : 2x2 + 9x — 5 = 0. Why may the

factors be equated to zero ?
Solution.
2x2 + 9x —5 = 0 ( 1)
Factoring the left number of ( 1 )
( 23 — 1) (a + 5 ) = 0 (2)
Putting the first factor equal to zero and solving
23 = 0 —1
2x = 1
1.
--
Putting the second factor equal to zero and solving
x + 5 = 0
X 5
The roots of the equation are 1 and —5 .
Since the product of the two factors is zero , either of
them must equal zero .
5 5 2
8. Find the sum :
2x —4 6x — 12 330+ 6
Solution.
3 5 3 5 2
2x - 4 6x - 12 3x + 6 2 (x - 2) 6 (2—2 ) 3 (x+ 2)
STATE OF KANSAS 65
9x + 18–5.6 ~-10-4x + 8
6 ( 26-2 ) ( x + 2)
16 8
6 (x- 2 ) ( x + 2) 3( 2-4 )
9. A rectangular court is twice as long as wide. costs It
as much to fence it at 50 cents per yard as to sod it at 15
cents per square yard . Find dimensions, and check .
Solution.
Let x = No. of yds . wide
Then 2x No. of yds . long
And 2x2 No. of sq . yds . in area
And 30x2 No. of cents to sod it at 15 cents per sq . yd .
Also 6x No. of yds . in perimeter
And 300x No. of cents to fence it at 50 cents per yd .
By the conditions of the problem the cost of sodding
equals the cost of fencing . Therefore
30x2 = 300x ( 1)
Dividing ( 1 ) by 30
x2 = 10.3 (2)
Transposing and factoring in ( 2 )
50
---
or10
2 ( 30
3
(
)
)
Then
=
0
2—10 =
0
Whence 10
of .
The first value inadmissable this problem

10 in
is
x
.
Taking second value yds for the width
of
we have
3
rectangle and yds for its length

of
20
the rectangle yds wide and

If
10
20
CHECK yds
is
:
15 .
its
.sq
long yds and the cost sodding

at
of
is
area 200
,
. .
.yd
.sq
cents per Also the perimeter yds

60
30.00
is
is
$
.
.yd
fencing cents per

of
50
at
and the cost 30.00 This

is
$
the problem that the cost sodding

of
of
meets the condition
–
equals the cost fencing
of
10. Solve and check 72 3y = 15

:
. .
27
=
+
5x
6
Solution
.
15
==
73 — 3y
2 1
( (
) )
+
5x 27
6
by
by
Multiplying and
1
7
(
)
(
)
35 — 157 75
-
3
(
)
=
42y
+
35x 189
Subtracting ( 3 ) from ( 4 )
57y - 114 (5)
Y = 2 ( 6)
73 — 6 = 15 ( 7)
7x 21 ( 8)
Dividing ( 8 ) by 7
2 = = 3 (9)
Therefore x = 3 and y == 2.
CHECK : Substituting values of x and y in ( 1 )
21 — 6 = 15
15 = 15
Substituting values of x and y in ( 2)
15 + 12 = : 27
27 27 .
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION .

1. Outline and illustrate a plan for developing a
language lesson for fifth grade.
Ans . Letter -Writing : Place a model letter on the black
board . Discuss with the class each part, the heading , the
salutation , the contents , the close , the signature . Assign to
each member of the class a letter , and let the collection of
letters be brought to the class for corrections . Incidentally ,
punctuation , grammar , spelling and clearness of style will
come in for discussion .
2. Develop inductively the idea of an adverb .
Ans . It is necessary often to modify the signification of
a verb , as for instance , when we wish to show how an action
was performed , a word must be connected with the verb ,
or with an adjective or other adverb , to express the idea .
Example : “ The moon shines brightly . ” Here, the suffix
ly is attached to the adjective bright to modify the meaning
of the verb . Similarly , in the sentence , “ The boy went to
school unwillingly . ”
3. Why does the noun have properties ?
Ans . . In order to distinguish gender , number , person , and
case .
4. Give construction of the italicized words in the follow
ing :
" I will this day try to live a simple , sincere life ; re
pelling promptly every thought of discontent, envy or dis
couragement.'
Ans . “ Day ” is a noun in the objective case modifying
STATE OF KANSAS 67
the verb " will live " ; " will live " is a finite verb used as
the predicate of the sentence ; “ repelling ' is a present
participle modifying the pronoun " I ; ' promptly is
an adverb modifying “ repelling ” ; “ envy , noun , object
of " repelling . "
5. Illustrate the following uses of the adjective : ( a ) at
tributive , ( b ) predicative , ( c) factitive .
Ans . ( a ) The wealthy man has gone to the seashore .
( b) The man who lives in that house is wealthy .
( c ) The green apple made the child sick .
all
6. Give the infinitives and participles active and pas
,
of
sive the verb choose
,
.
Ans Active infinitives present present per
to
choose
;
,
;
; to .
fect have participles

chosen present choosing part
;
,
,
;
,
chosen pastperfect having chosen
,
.
pastperfect
be
Passive infinitives present
to
chosen
;
,
having been chosen participles present being chosen part
, ;
;
,
,
chosen pastperfect h aving been chosen
;
is .
Show that most language work synthetic and that
7
.
reasoning process not complete until the object
of
is
the
thought analyzed
is
Ans
all
language work
of
The ultimate end and aim
is
.
sentence building which synthetic process The pur

is
a
.
of
To
pose express thought comprehend
is
to
the sentence
of .
the thought expressed requires process reasoning The
a
.
reasoning process involves study the sentence its parts
of
a
an ,
the parts
of
and the relation which
is
to
each other
,
analytical process Hence the reasoning process not com
is
.
plete until the object thought

of
analyzed
is
How can pupils be taught practicable ap

8.
to
make
a
plication of their knowledge grammar

of
Ans By composition exercises letter writing repro

;
;
.
duction work correcting written work other pupils drill

of
;
in ;
story telling special topic work geo
of
assignment
in
graphy and history etc.

,
Give the principal parts five verbs commonly

of
9
.
(a
)
used incorrectly
of
Illustrate correct use

in
each
6
(
)
.
sentences
.
Ans Present Past Past Participle

( ( ( ( ( .
see saw seen

5 4 3 2 1
) ) ) ) )
lie lay lain

lay laid laid
sit sat sat
swim swam Swum
see the book there now
I
He saw the man yesterday

.
The woman had seen the house before .

The cow will lie down on the grass .
John lay in the shed at noon .
The girl has lain in bed
all
morning
.
Mary will lay the book
on
the table
.
Sam laid the rake by the gate
.
The plate was laid on the shelf
.
Sit still and listen
.
The old man sat by the fire and dozed
all.
its
The child has sat mother's lap morning
in
.
Let us swim the boat
to
.
Horatius swam across the Tiber
.
Many boys have swum the Kaw
in
.
10.
Analyze me mat
of
or
diagram What others say
, “
:
myself say and
do
ters little but what matters much
,
I,
.”
Ans This sentence equivalent is That which others
to
,
“
of.
:
say me matters little but that which myself say and

,
I,
do matters much
"
.
This compound declarative sentence That which

is
a
"
.
others say of_me matters little the first member and
" is
”
,
myself say and
do
that which the second member
is
I
,
"
.
modified by
of
That the subject the first member
is
”,
of ,
“
the adjective clause which others say
of
me which
,
”,
“
the subject unmodified and say

is
others the
,
“
an ,
”
"
pređicate modified by objective element

is
which
”,
"
by
of
and the connective say further modified
is
;
of "
"
"'
an
me adverbial phase matters the predicate the

',
;
"
'
first member modified by little an adverbial ele

is
,
,
”
"
ment
.
That the subject

of
modified
is
the second member

,
,
by"
'
'
do
the adjective clause myself say and
of
which
in ,
",
“
which the subject modified by myself an ad

is
1
,
“
jective element and opposition with say and

"
, ;
'
it
do
compound predicate
of
the modified
is
the clause
,
" ”
by which an objective element and the connective

', '' ,
predicate
,
of
matters the modified

is
the second member

a ,
“
an
by much adverbial element but conjunction

is
;
“
“
connecting the two members

.
GEOGRAPHY
.
by
of
What geography
1.
observational method
is
meant
study How applicable rural school
in
?
?
.-
Taking the children

on
to
Ans excursions observe

a
(
)
surface features
fo
of
nation lakes and rivers watersheds

,
al ,
be
and much besides The observations can taken

of )b
(
.
most from the doors every direc

in
the schoolhouse and

,
STATE OF KANSAS 69
tion there are in the neighborhood numerous lessons in

geography,
Ans .
2. How does each of the following affect climate, and
where : oceanic currents , altitude , mountains ?
( a ) The Gulf Stream affects the climate of West
ern Europe by making it warmer . Similarly the Japanese
Current modifies temperature on the Pacific Coast of the
United States . ( b ) By the condensation of vapor on the
slopes of the Andes , for instance , much rain falls on one
side and but little on the other. On the equator, where
there is on the plains great heat , at high altitudes , the
climate is pleasant, as at Quito . The Alps give to Northern
Italy a pleasant climate . ( c)
3. ( a) Compare the United States and Argentina as to
products , climate, people . ( b ) What city is the commercial
center of the world , and why ?
Ans . (a ) Both have an abundance of cattle , sheep ,
wheat and corn . The United States has a greater wealth
of manufactured goods and of minerals. The United States
has a great diversity of climates. Argentina , consisting as
it does of a vast plain sloping eastward from the Andes ,
has a sameness in climatic conditions . The people of Argen
tina are chiefly of Spanish stock ; of the United States , of
Anglo -Saxon origin . ( b ) London , England . Because of
its
central situation and fine harbor
.
Name ten imports the United States and country

of
4.
from which each obtained

is
, .
Ans Coffee from Brazil Central America and Java

,
;
.
-
raw silk from Japan China and France dry goods from
,
,
,
Great Britain France and Germany chemicals and drugs
,
,
from Great Britain and Germany tea from China and
; ;
Japan India rubber from Brazil Peruvian bark from

,
,
;
Peru tobacco from Cuba and Hawaii fruits from the

,
;
West Indies
.
Name principal rivers crossed and cities passed through

a 5.
journey from your home New York What states

to
do in
you cross and what does each produce

?
Ans Journey from Topeka Principal rivers Missouri

,
-
:
.
Mississippi Susquehanna Hudson Cities Kansas City

,
:
,
,
.
Chicago Pittsburg Jersey City

,
Kansas locating four rivers

of
an
Draw outline map

6.
and three state educational institutions and three penal

institutions Indicate where salt gas sugar beets and coal
,
,
.
are produced
.
Ans Map for applicant

.--
Kansas River north cen

in
.
tral part state flowing eastward into Missouri River

of
.
Arkansas , easterly and southeasterly in southern part of

state ; Republican , in north part , flowing into Kansas ; Blue ,
north part , flowing into Kansas . Salt : Kingman , Hutchin
son , Kanopolis . Gas : Southeastern Kansas . Sugar beets :
Finney . Coal : Crawford , Leavenworth , Osage Counties, and
several other localities .
7. Compare the Alps and the Himalayas .
Ans .— The Himalayas are of much greater extent than
the Alps , and the peaks are higher . For instance , Mount
Everest in the Himalayas is more than five miles high .
Mount Blanc in the Alps is nearly three miles in height.
Both ranges modify climate ; the Himalayas , that of India ;
the Alps , that of Italy , France , Austria and Switzerland .
8. In geography teaching what use would you make of
pictures ? Newspapers ? Railroad folders ?
Ans .-
(a) To show scenery , cities, mountains, rivers ,
harbors , etc. ( 6 ) To get descriptions of countries , peoples ,
cities , manners , customs, etc. ( c) To show the main lines
of travel and transportation of commodities .
9. Where is each of the following produced : Diamonds ,
tin
an
of
rice salmon wool
is
rubber Where each these
,
?
,
important industry Shipbuilding coal mining carpet

,
,
:
weaving cotton growing

?
,
Ans Brazil and South Africa Brazil Cen b
,
a
.
(
)
(
)
.
tral America East Indies the Guianas Mexico Paraguay

,
,
,
, ,
the Philippines Southern States China Japan
c
) ,
,
(
)
.
Ceylon East Indies Korea Siam Alaska Great

,
d
,
,
,
Britain Western Canada Columbia River United

,
,
e
.
)
(
States Australia Great Britain Austro Hungary France

,
,
-
Germany
.
Shipbuilding Glasgow Scotland Liverpool Philadel

,
,
,
:
phia San Francisco Antwerp

,
,
mining
1
Coal United States Great Britain China Nova
,
,
, :
Scotia Austria Hungary Germany

,
.
10.
what extent should teaching empha

of
be
To
location
sized
do
What facts other than location you expect

to
?
teach about the Nile

?
Ans would teach that Egypt very dry country

is
I
and that rain seldom falls on its surface But its great
.
,
.
its
river the Nile overflows banks the same time every

at
,
the plains
I on
covering
of
on
year and leaves fine mud

,
each side This annual overflow makes fertile soil

a
.
would further explain that the overflow caused by heavy

is
rains during March and April the rocky table lands

of
in
Abyssinia
.
STATE OF KANSAS 71

1. Discuss the teaching of history in the grammar grades.
Ans . History in the grades should be definite , i. e. , cer
tain fundamental facts should be fixed in the mind of the
pupil around which he may later associate other events .
It should be accurate , no deviation from fact should be
permitted .
The pupil should , by his study in the grades , be in
spired to be a good citizen , should be given a desire for
more extended study and should know something of the
problems of the day - social , political , financial and in
dustrial
2. Name four important tariff bills since the Civil War
period and state briefly what you know about each .
Ans . Morrill Tariff — 1861. Increased duty on imported
goods , increased many times during the Civil War .
McKinley Tariff — 1890. Increased duties on imports
higher than ever before, also contained a reciprocity clause .
Wilson Tariff — 1894. Lowered the duty on many articles ,
and put and added wool , salt and lumber to the free list .
Payne -Aldrich Tariff —1909. Lowered rates on some
articles , raised them on others , but left them unchanged in
most cases .
3. Outline the chief events in the life of Columbus.
Ans. Born in Genoa , Italy .
Studied Latin and Geography.
Became a sailor at an early age .
Efforts to secure aid to fit our vessels so that he might
sail westward to Asia .
Aid secured from Spain .
First voyage began August 3 , 1492 .
Land discovered October 12 , 1492 .
Death , 1506 .
4. Name six prominent explorers of America and the
work of each .
Ans . Name . Work ,
Balboa . ..Pacific Ocean
Ponce De Leon . . Florida
De Soto
Hudson .
.... .Mississippi
Hudson River
Verrazzani , ...Coast
of Carolinas
Magellan . .Circumnavigated Globe
5. Why w Massac etts rather than Virginia the
“ Cradle of American Independence ' ' ?
Ans . The settlers of Massachusetts came to America
with the definite intention of

founding homes , those of
Virginia came for profit .
6. Name the elements in the Constitution that give it
stability .
Ans . 1. Its adaptation to amendments .
2. Its implied powers .
3. Itsdivision into departments —Executive , Legislative
and Judicial .
7. Contrast the government of the United States with
Great Britain as to its mobility in expressing popular will .
Ans . The legislative departments of the two countries
are similar , in that there are two Houses . The executive in
the United States is the President , elected for a term of
four years . The nominal head of the government of Great
Britain is the King , but the real executive department
consists of a prime minister and his associate members ,
who hold office during the pleasure of the House of Com
mons .
The members of the House of Commons are elected by
the people who live in the British Isles . In Great Britain
there can be an appeal to the people as to an important
measure if the leaders so determine .
(
8. Explain briefly : a ) initiative , ( b ) referendum , ( c )
recall , ( a ) commission form of government , ( e ) short ballot .
begin legis
of
Initiative power
...
Ans
to
the people
a
,
(
)
lation
) .
power reject
of
or
to
Referendum people accept

6
. ,
(
by
legislation ballot
of
of
Recall power people unseat unfaithful

to
(
,
c
) . )
ficers
by
body
of
as
of
Government cities men known

of a
a
a
(
commission
.
Reducing the number elective officers thus the

e
,
(
)
shortened ballot
.
Who are the following Herbert Hadley Doctor

9.
,
:
Wiley Judson Harmon James

R.
Mann Oscar Underwood

,
,
,
,
Woodrow Wilson Ella Flagg Young George Dewey Wright

,
Brothers Charles Curtis

?
,
Ans Herbert Hadley Governor Missouri

,
.
.
U.
Doctor Wiley Department Agriculture lately

of
S.
,
resigned
)
.
Judson Harmon Governor Ohio

,
Republicans
of
House
in
R.
James Mann Leader

,
the House
in
of
Oscar Underwood Leader Democrats

, ,
Woodrow Wilson Governor New Jersey

.
Ella Flagg Young Superintendent Schools Chicago

,
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 73
George Dewey , Admiral.

Wright Brothers , Aviators .
Charles Curtis , U. S. Senator , Kansas .
10. What means are you using to keep your pupils in
formed on current history ? Make your answer clear and
concise .
Ans. By providing a daily newspaper of general cir
culation and by calling attention to important events in
various classes .
READING .
1. Name the important objects in teaching reading .
Ans . Familiarity with printed characters , letters and
words ; ready utterance ; distinct articulation ; expression
of the sense and sentiment ; appreciation of literary quality ;
for
cultivation of fondness good reading and good books
.
teaching reading
of
What the word method be
to
2.
is
ginners Discuss its merits and defects comparison with
in
?
some other specific method .

Ans
to In
the pupil
of
the word method the attention
is
.
as
directed the word the unit Each separate word

.
are made up
by
represents an idea Sentences joining
At .
words together first the letters are not distinguished
.
.
advantage over the sentence method

an
This method has

its greater simplicity After
of
number words have
in
a
.
well that they are recognized

so
been learned
in
connection
is to
with any other words key the language has been ob

a
,
tained which makes further progress more rapid On the

.
other hand the word method
so
as
not well adapted the
teaching pupils
to
sentence method read with expres

to
Pronouncing
to
as
sion separate words units tends produce

.
mechanical reading
.
reading
of
be
How may the mechanical effects
3.
oral
or
avoided overcome
?
Ans Chiefly
by
insisting
of
on
the comprehension the

.
thought whole before permitting

as
the child read

to
a
a
by
requiring the pupil

re
sentence aloud Also read with

to
-
.
expression any sentence paragraph which may have been

It or
read too mechanically prac

is
desirable
to
sometimes
.
tice reading with exaggerated expression

.
the advantage the teacher's reading

to
What
in
4.
is
the
pupils profitable
of
How much this

is
?
?
If
Ans the teacher reads well good example will be

a
.
given for the pupils imitate The teacher may profitably

to
undertake the consecutive reading

of of
standard book one

a
chapter year several

In
at
time the course term

or
a
a
.
volumes may be enjoyed by the entire school . Time thus

spent should be given to books really worth while and the
reading should not be for the mere purpose of “ occupying
the time. "
5. Define inflection as applied to reading . Describe two
kinds and give appropriate illustrations , either
of inflection
quoted or original .
Ans . Inflection is the appropriate raising or lowering
of the pitch of the voice in the pronunciation of a word
or group of words. The raising inflection is proper in this
sentence : Will you come home a minute , Jennie ? The
I
falling inflection should be used in this : Yes , will come ,
mother .
6. What is
the relation of imagination as a mental
process the process of oral reading ?
to
Ans. Unless the printed words awaken mental pictures
or images in the mind of the reader , oral reading can
hardly be other than mechanical . The writer represents
his mental pictures in words, and the clearer these images
are in the mind of the reader , the more expressive his read
ing will be .
7. How may reading be made profitable as a means of
mental discipline ?
Ans . The study of reading involves the following mental
processes : sensation , or the impression made by the visible
forms of letters and words ; perception , or the comprehen
sion of what the words represent ; memory , or the recog .
nition of words previously learned ; discrimination , or the
comprehension of the peculiar meaning of a word in any
given connection ; reaction , or the appropriate muscular
response which follows the impression made by the words .
In addition to the above , reading is the process by which
knowledge may be acquired of many subjects, scientific and
historical as well as literary . Good taste also is cultivated
by reading . The teacher should keep in mind all these
possibilities , and more , in teaching the reading class .
8. ( Before writing on this topic the papers already writ
ten should be handed to the examiner . The course of study
may then be used for reference .)
Prepare five questions suitable for use in the recitation
on The Chambered Nautilus , ” and write answers to the
same which you would consider acceptable from pupils .
Ans . 1. What is the ship of pearl What are two
other expressions in the poem which refer to the same ob
ject ? Ans . The ship of pearl is the Chambered Nautilus .
STATE OF KANSAS 75
Other expressions are " the venturous bark " and " child
of the wandering sea .
2. What part of the poem is descriptive What part
sets forth a moral lesson ? Ans . The first three stanzas
are descriptive . The moral lesson is contained in the last
two stanzas.
3. Is the nautilus described in the poem living or dead
What lines indicate this ? Ans . It is dead ; only the shell
remains . The lines which show this are the following :
“ Wrecked is the ship of pearl . ”
dim
dreaming life was wont
its
“ Where dwell
to
.”
From thy dead lips clearer note born
is
a
“
.”
How does the poet's treatment the nautilus differ
of
4.
to
scientific description
an
from Give example show
a
|
the contrast Ans The poem abounds figurative
in
.
; de
language and suggestive allusions while the scientific
;
be
scription would
to
of
limited bare statement the facts
a
Scientific The nautilus only the shell
is
dead
.g
of ;
:
e
,
.
remains Poetic Wrecked the ship pearl
is
:
"
.
.”
State your own words the essence of the life lesson
in
5.
winch the poem teaches Ans As the nautilus grows every

.
.
its
year into new and larger chamber shell abandoning
of
a
,
the part formerly occupied the soul should grow and
on so
,
expand and enter continually new and richer experiences

and nobler accomplishments
.
Many other questions might prepared which would

be
(
equally acceptable
be
.)
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
Let each applicant spell the following

words foreign
1.
, ,
:
formally formerly fractious feign garrulous giraffe
,
, ,
, ,
heinous imbecile incandescent indictment initiate laryna
,
,
,
leisure mediocre menagerie pageantry omniscient oblique

,
,
plagiarize quiescence rescind relieve scenery scythe ,

,
,
,
two for each word spelled correctly

of
Give credit
a
(
.)

.
.
In
the following words group those that are synonyms

2.
sight grieve recital mourn careless scene narration heed

,
,
,
,
less
.
Ans Sight scene grieve mourn recital narration

;
;
,
,
, -
.
careless heedless
.
an
Define the following suffixes and give illustration

3.
ist able ity ive

of
) ee
each
,
,
,
:
b .
capable pos
; to
Ans One whom one who

;
a
of (
c
;
e ,
.
(
(
)
worthy being being

of
of
sible one
or
state
a
;
,
(
)
(
)
tending
to
who
,
.
Compare written and oral spelling as to value.

4.
the work of life it is seldom one is required to
Ans . - In
spell orally , it is the writing of the words which is de
manded in business . Oral spelling is valuable in that it
teaches the accurate pronunciation of words .
5. Where would you find words for spelling lessons out
side of textbooks and the schoolroom ?
Ans . - Wherever there are printed books , magazines and
newspapers .
PENMANSHIP .
1.Which is more important in the first three grades ,
form or movement ? Why ?
Ans . - Movement. Because the right form will follow the
right movements .
2. Write five points of instruction that you give to every
class in writing.
Ans . - Correct position at the desk ; holding the pen prop
erly ; legibility ; neatness ; speed .
3. How can music be used to add interest and secure
-
good results in writing exercises ?
Ans . It can be used in regulating movements and in
training the pupil to control the muscles so as to keep time
with the music .
4. Name and illustrate the movement exercises , by a
suitable example of each .
.--
.
5.
Write letter the state superintendent asking his

to
a
,
opinion regard some point
in
of
school law
to

.--

.
Discuss the relative importance the study hygiene

of
of
1.
as
compared with anatomy

.
. to
Ans Both are important the latter being necessary

,
-
.
full understanding However for begin

of
the former
a
a ,
, .
the more important direct rela

as
ners hygiene has

it
is
,
to
tion safeguarding the health the same time

at
and
it
,
'
more nearly fits their mental development

.
Define cell tissue organ gland

2.
of ,
,
:
the body
of
Ans The unit structure and work

in
a
A.
(
)
colony distinct part

of
of
similar cells the

A
6
(
c
.
)
(
)
body having more

of of or
less definite functions perform

d
(
)
.
an organ having the function

of
An organ part
or
secré
taking substances from the blood
of
or
tion either
e
;
.,
.i
STATE OF KANSAS 77
making certain substances out of materials taken from the

blood .
3. Discuss fully bacteria and their relation to health .
Ans . - Bacteria are microscopic one - celled plants that
differ from yeasts in their method of division . Bacteria
divide by breaking in two in the middle while yeasts divide
by budding . Most bacteria are harmless . Many of the
harmless bacteria are helpful to man by making digestive
ferments and thus aiding in digestion ; by making many
useful acids , as lactic acid in milk ; by enriching the soil
by building up the nitrates ; and by destroying organic sub
stances , as weeds and cornstalks that have been plowed
under . The injurious bacteria may poison man by mak
ing ptomaine poisons in his foods , or by giving him the
so -called infectious diseases These disease - producing bac
teria may either poison him to death or break down certain
tissues that will bring about death .
.
4. Discuss the source , distribution and regulation of the
heat of the body .
Ans ( a ) Oxidation of foodstuffs ( fats, carbohydrates,
proteids ) in the tissues , especially in those of the muscles
and the liver . ( b ) By the blood streams ( connection ) , and
by passing directly from one organ to another in contact
with it ( conduction ) . ( c ) By the heat regulating nerve
centers in the medulla ; by the vaso motor nerves ; by the
heat -making organs , as muscles and liver ; and by the heat
dissipating organs , as the skin and lungs.
5. How are you proposing to apply principles of sanita
tion and hygiene in the schoolroom ?
for
Ans . A personal question the applicant However
,
.
of
the following applications principles

of
sanitation are
desirable By having the schoolhouse and contents clean
:
by
when school begins having the school well sanitary

in
;
a
byby
condition having the outhouses sanitary and decent

in
a
;
requiring pupils use individual drinking

to
condition
;
cups by keeping the schoolroom neatly swept and dusted

;
by
and the floor occasionally scrubbed and having the

;
building occasionally fumigated epidemics

of
bein
times
.
Give ten rules that should

in
in
6.
observed the home

of
the interest good health

.
kill all flies Exclude or kill

or
Ans Exclude
2.
1.
.
.
all
all mosquitoes Keep

3.
food free from contamination

.
by mice roaches etc. Clean uncooked fruit and vegeta

4.
,
bles thoroughly before eating them Keep the cellar dry

5.
.
and ventilated and free from decaying vegetables

6.
Ven
all
.
tilate sleeping rooms Have of the inmates from

7.
.
all
baby to grandpa sleep in nightgowns with undercloth
ing removed Have every member the family bathe
of
8.
.
least once
In at
winter and twice
in
in
week week summer
.
dusty work daily bath
of
of or
hot weather de
is
case
a
. all
manded Dispose garbage daily by burying
9
.
.
,
10
burning Have each member of the
or
otherwise
it
.
family supplied with individual tooth brush and hair brush
.
Discuss fully the general effects alcohol and to
of
7.
on
of
bacco the cells the body
.
Ans These effects depend somewhat upon the age of
.
the person and the kind
of
cells Both tobacco and alcohol
.
are narcotic poisons Such poisons have deadening effect
a
.
upon most nerve cells diminishing for time their sensi
a
bility growing children or animals these drugs retard
In
.
the growth cells and produce dwarfing effect Upon

of
.
live epithelial irritating effect and
an
cells alcohol has
,
upon muscle cells degenerative effect regularly used
if
a
.
Define enzyme proteid osmosis protoplasm perios
8.
,
,
,
,
:
teum
.
Ans digestive ferment
as
pepsin capable
of
A
)a
(
.
)
changing the composition food without weakening
of
a
itself nitrogen containing food stuff Dif
A
(b
c
.
(
)
-
)
complex jelly like
.
-
fusion through membrane
A
d
a
(
)
.
-
every live cell
of
the basis live bone
A
substance
,
(
of of e)
.
all
making membrane covering parts bone except
a
by
those covered cartilage

.
Discuss fully the digestive work the pancreatic

9.
juice
.
Ans The alkaline substances contains neutralize the

it
.
hydrochloric acid the gastric juice and furnish the proper

of
medium for the action of these enzymes trypsin which

:
changes undigested proteids into peptones amylopsin which

;
changes undigested starch into grape sugar and steapsin

;
which changes fats into glycerine and acids These changes

.
prepare the foods for absorption

.
Discuss the cause nature and prevention

of
10.
a
,
(
)
typhoid fever tuberculosis

;
b
.
(
)
The implanting and multiplying typhoid

of
Ans
in (a
.
of
bacteria the body ulceration the small intestine and

(
;
sometimes the large intestine often causing perforation

a
in ,
)
and fluctuating fever low the morning and high

in
a
the evening all excretions from typhoid

, of
destruction
;
of
all
patients destruction flies safeguarding

of
water and
,
food supplies from contamination

.
The implantation and multiplication

of
the tubercle
6
(
)
bacillus the body most frequently the lungs but also

in
in
,
STATE OF KANSAS 79
in the bones , lymph glands and other locations . In con

sumption , or tuberculosis of the lungs , the bacteria attack
and destroy the lung tissue causing a low fever and great
lowering of the vitality . By the destruction of the sputum
of consumptive patients , bj their sleeping alone, doing no
kissing , and using separate lishes
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. How would you show the relation of lawlessness in
the schoolroom to bad citizenship ?
Ans . — The boy who is disobedient in the schoolroom is
likely , if not checked , to grow to be a violator of law , and
the school which has no respect for reasonable rules is a
fair type of a community which encourages lawlessness .
2 . What classes of cities are there in Kansas ? Name
the two kinds of municipal government and give briefly the
difference between them as to powers .
Ans . ( a ) Cities of the first , second , and third class .
(b ) Government by council and government by commission .
Under the latter the power of each commissioner is marked
out by law so that each of the three or five commissioners ,
as the case may be , can go on with his duties without being
impeded by votes in council . Thus , one member has charge
of the police department , another of parks, etc.
3. How many representatives are there in the Kansas
legislature ? How many senators ? For how long a period
is a senator elected ? A representative ?
40
Ans
.--
125 Four years Two

c
b
d
a
.
)
(
)
)
(
(
(
)
.
years
.
How does the required final vote the Kan

on
bill
in
4.
Representatives differ from the required final

of
sas House
in
of of
vote the United States House Representatives

?
Ans Representatives
In
the Kansas House ma

a
-
.
to
jority required
of
the total number elected pass

is
bill the United States House Representatives ma

of
in
;
jority
of
quorum which means majority the majority

of
a
a
,
How has the State Kansas recently helped the

of
5.
of
rural schools From what source

is
most the revenue

?
country schools derived

of
for the maintenance

?
Ans The legislature appropriated large amount

a
a
(
to )
.
help weak districts

of
From taxes levied

in
money
7
.
(
)
the school district

.
of
of
What the work the Kansas State Board

is
6
.
Health Give three illustrations showing what good the

?
Board has done

in
the state
in .
Ans To promote every possible way the health

a
(
)
.
of the people . ( b ) It has required
all
fruits exhibited
in
protected from dirt and flies
be
of
front has
to
stores
it
;
prohibited the common drinking cup
on
railroad trains
;
to
and has compelled hotels and restaurants have clean
it
.
dining rooms kitchens and outbuildings
in
liness
.
Define extradition interstate citizenship inheritance
. 7.
,
tax
delivery alleged crim
an
to or
of
Ans The surrender
a
(
)
.
inal by one sovereign state another having jurisdiction
try the charge
of
Citizens one state can become
to
by6
)
.
citizens of another living the state the time pre
in
scribed by law tax placed by
of
number
A
states
a
c
(
by)
.
the money left persons deceased
on
.
Give briefly the substance
of
the Monroe Doctrine
8.
,
its
and give provisions were applied
) an
instance which
in
.
of
Ans That the government the United States
a
.
(
would regard attempts by European governments
to
extend
,
any part North or South America
as
of
their systems
, to
unfriendly acts and that the American continents should

subjects for future colonization by any
be
( as
not considered
European powers When the French occupied Mexico
b
in .
)
.
of
How would you show the relation government
9.
*
the family government

in
the state
to
?
Ans By showing that the family
of
the government
.—
in is
the state miniature Disobedience the family
in
is
the
in .
the state and cheerful obedience

as
to
same lawlessness
,
regulations the family

as
cheerful and ready

is
the same
in
of
the laws
to
obedience the state

.
10. How has the national government helped develop to

agriculture
?
Ans has made liberal appropriations agricultural

to
It
.
colleges
.
HISTORY OF KANSAS
.
Name three American explorers who passed through

1.
the territory now known

as
Kansas
,
Ans Pike Lewis and Clark

,
.
.
in by
Name two books Kansas authors that could

2.
be
profitably the teaching Kansas history

as
of
used aids
.
Ans Wilder's Annals Certain Rich Man

A
.
Why are the following names made prominent Kan

J. in
3.
sas history Geary Medary Bickerdyke Samuel Craw

,
? ,
,
:
D.
ford W. Wilder
,
Ans Geary Territorial Governor Medary Territorial

J. ,
,
. .
.
Governor Bickerdyke Army Nurse Samuel Crawford

,
,
. .
D.
Governor W. Wilder Writer

,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 81
4. In teaching children to write the histories of Kansas

townships and cities to what sources would you direct them
for informatoin ?
Ans . Records of State Historical Society , oldest in
habitants , school district and township records.
5. Name the Kansas institutions which show what the
state has done for the helpless and the destitute .
Ans . State Hospitals , Topeka , Osawatomie , Parsons .
School for Blind , Kansas City . School for Deaf , Olathe .
Asylum , Wirfield .
6. Name five important acts of the legislature since
January 1 , 1909 .
Ans. Workman's Compensation Act . Road Tax Law .
Teacher's Pension Act . Submission Woman's Suffrage
Amendment . Inheritance Tax Law ,
7. Associate an important event in Kansas history with
each of the following -named governors : Osborne , Leedy ,
Hoch , St. John , Crawford .
Ans . Osborne . Arrival of Mennonite colonies . Leedy ,
Spanish -American War . Hoch , Prohibiting the Employment
of Children Under Fourteen Years of Age in Factories . St.
John , Prohibition Amendment . Crawford , Indian Wars .
8. Some years ago there were 106 counties in Kansas ;
now there are but 105 counties . Explain .
Ans . The county of Garfield was attached to Finney
County .
9. Give the name of the author of " The Court of Boy
,'
ville s **Each in His Own Tongue , “ The Annals of
Kansas ," ' " In His Steps , " Journeys of a Jayhawker . ''
Ans . ( a ) William Allen White . (b ) W. H. Carruth .
( c ) D. W. Wilder . ( d ) C. M. Sheldon . ( e ) W. J.
Morgan .
10 . What provision has the state of Kansas made for the
collecting and storing of historical material ?
Ans . The State Historical Society is maintained for
this purpose , now located in the Capitol , soon to be located
in the Memorial building , corner Tenth and Jackson streets ,
Topeka .
1. Show the value of teaching whole classics instead of
the excerpts usually given in school readers.
Ans . The excerpt is too fragmentary and usually does
not give the pupil more than a glimpse or two of the work .
It has a value if it leads to a study of the whole classic .
But undoubtedly the study of the whole will be more valua
ble to the student than any excerpt.

2. Show how a keen appreciation of literature is in
dispensable in teaching reading .
Ans. The teacher who has not a keen appreciation of
literature cannot possibly lead children to love the subject
The teacher must be in sympathy with the writer , and must
have a thorough understanding of the thought before he can
teach the selection .
3. Quote a stanza from “ old Ironsides ” and explain
briefly how you would teach it to a class .
Ans “ Ay tear her tattered ensign down !
Long has it waved on high .
And many an eye has danced to see
That banner in the sky ;
it rang the battle -shout ,
Beneath
And burst the cannon's roar ;
The meteor of the ocean air
Shall sweep the clouds no more ! "
First , give briefly the history of the ship . Get from the
class definitions of “ tattered ensign ,
" meteor . Note
the figures , “ an eye has danced , ', ‘ sweep the clouds , ' '
" rang the battle - shout . " Show the contrast between the
old wooden ships and the modern warships, sails and steam ,
orders by wire now , formerly by voice .
4. What called forth the poem “ oid Ironsides , " and in
what spirit was it written ?
Ans . The purpose of the naval authorities to dismantle
the ship , because she was unseaworthy . Holmes wrote to
protest against dismantling a ship on which heroic deeds
had been done in the service of the republic .
5. What were Garfield's leading characteristics as citi
zen , as scholar , and as soldier ?
Ans . ( a ) Patriotic and public -spirited ; able in debate
and wise in council . ( b ) A graduate of Williams College ;
professor of Latin and Greek and president at Hiram ; a
clear and forceful writer ; general in the Civil War ; pro
moted to that rank for bravery . He was a sane leader in
all public movements .
6. Give the setting of the story , " The Death of Paul
Dombey . '
Ans. In his father's dark , gloomy looking house in
London , Paul lay dying . His beloved sister , Florence , was
constantly with him . The sorrowing servants came and
went . Paul imagined himself on a river nearing the sea .
He had visions of his mother . His father was with him ,
but the stern merchant could not reach the boy's heart . It
STATE OF KANSAS 83
was Florence he wanted near him . And thus he passed

away .
7. Explain and give the setting of the following phrases :
" Trills of celestial music , ”' “ old Winter's grandchildren ,'
“ Stubborn materialism , ” Gaunt apparition , " " Uncon
scious condescension . '.
Ans . ( a ) The mother of Violet and Peony hears the
children's voices and to her they were music .
(b) Referring to the snow -birds which alighted on the
white -robed child's shoulder .
( c ) Mr. Lindsey's matter -of - fact way of looking at the
“ Stone Image .
( a ) When Lincoln followed Everett at Gettysburg , the
voice and gaunt form made a striking contrast .
( e) The young Georgian in his interview with Lincoln
answered the President , then unknown to him , with a kindly
and " unconscious condesension . ' '
8. Summarize the chief characteristics of the “ Village
preacher .
Ans . His chief aim was
to help the poor , lead the erring
into paths of righteousness , to comfort the mourners , and
to preach faithfully the gospel of Christ .
9. Briefly sketch the life and work of Oliver Goldsmith .
Ans . Born at Pallas , Ireland , Nov. 10 , 1728 . Father ,
a clergyman in Episcopal Church . Entered Trinity College ,
Dublin ; did not excel as a scholar ; ran away ; studied law
and medicine in succession ; made tour on foot through sev
eral countries of Europe ; in 1758 , his articles in magazines
began to attract attention ; gradually attained distinction
of
writings
his
through The Vicar Wakefield The ,

. ; " ,
“
”
"“
Good Natured Man The Deserted Village History

6
,
of ”,
-
of
Animated Nature delightful writer prose and

a
poetry died
in
1774
;
10. What great lesson would Goldsmith have poetry

teach
?
The question may

be
Ans his own words

in
answered
er ; to :
.
For twenty or thirty years has been the fashion

it
“
consider luxury the greatest national advantages

as
of
one
and all the wisdom antiquity that particular
of
as
in
roneous Still however must remain professed ancient

a
.
I
,
think those luxuries pre

on
that head and continue

to
,
by
judical many vices are introduced

to
so
states which
,
many kingdoms have been undone

so
and
.
.
Discuss the helpful and the harmful effect

of
bacteria
1.
in the soil . What conditions are favorable to the develop

ment of each ?
Ans . Bacteria are both useful and harmful , but there
are many more of the former than of the latter , Briefly ,
the principal use of bacteria affecting agriculture is to as
sist in producing nitrogen in a soluble form . An equally
important use is fixation of free nitrogen from the air.
Bacteria are minute plants and grow only where food and
moisture are present . Blight is a good example of harmful
bacteria . Both develop under similar conditions ,
2. What are the important considerations in selecting a
site for and in the construction of a poultry house ? Make
a sketch of front of a shed -roof poultry house , illustrating
principles you have given .
Ans. Site should be well drained , protected from ex
tremes in temperature and well lighted .
Drawing omitted .
3. When should corn and cane be cut for silage ? Give
directions for filling the silo . Give fully the advantages
of the silo to the farmer .
Ans . Corn and cane should be cut for silage when fully
matured .
Silos are filled through doors on the side , one
above the other, until the top is reached . The material is
cut or shredded and carried to the silo by means of an
elevator similar to the straw carrier of a threshing ma
all
chine . When filled , the openings are
to
closed exclude
air
.
The chief advantage storing food for winter ise

in
is
,
nearly its natural condition
as
as
possible
in
.
of
to
Also prevents makes easier
it
much loss food

it
,
,
handle the food

.
or
types
of
What are the different classes

4
wheat
.
?
In
milling value what portions

do
as
How they differ

to
?
of
each class grown

is
the United States

?
Ans Soft wheat Semi hard winter wheat Hard winter

-
.
wheat Hard spring wheat Macaroni wheat Hard wheat

.
much more valuable for milling purposes Soft wheat

inis is
.
in
or
raised humid semi humid conditions Hard wheat

,
-
drier and cooler regions

.
What are the climatic requirement for corn region

5.
Give directions for cultivating corn and reasons for your

methods
.
Ans Rich land seasonable rainfall and warm tempera

,
.
ture
.
early and
be
he
Corn cultivation should begun continued

STATE OF KANSAS 85
until tasseling time if necessary to provide for the follow

ing conditions : 1. To loosen the surface to permit air and
water to enter . 2. To provide a soil mulch . 3. To destroy
weeds ._4 . To help make plant food available .
6. Explain the various ways by which soil water moves .
Which is most beneficial to plants ? How may it be
economically controlled ?
Ans . In channels , either on the surface or under ground .
Film water is most beneficial .
By keeping the surface of the ground broken up , thus
preventing loss by evaporation.
7. What farm practices may modify soil temperatures ?
Explain fully . How would you improve a heavy clay soil ?
Explain .
Ans. Drainage and cultivating . By either method we
permit a free circulation of air , the greatest agent in de
termining soil temperature. By cultivating and by adding
sand ; or, better , by adding humus . In this manner we
tend to break up the compactness caused by the fine
particles of which a clay soil is composed .
8. When is the proper time to cut alfalfa , timothy , cane
and corn fodder for roughage ? Why ? For what food
elements is each of the above feeds especially valuable ?
Ans . Alfalfa , when it is in bloom . Timothy , Cane and
corn , when fully matured . Alfalfa - nitrogen . Timothy
protein . Corn - carbohydrates. Cane - sugar .
9. Give the characteristics of a typical dairy cow . Why
are these features desirable ? Give good ration for a dairy
COW.
Ans. Angular , loose jointed , wedge shaped . In order
best efforts for the production
its
that the animal may give

dairy products rather than producing fat The fol
of
to
,
of .
milk pro
to
lowing fed one pound each three pounds

,
duction Corn chop parts bran parts

2
cottonseed
4
,
1 :
;
,
meal part
. ,
10 Give the daily food requirement for working horse

a
Suggest good ration for such horse How should the

a
Aof a
ration fattening steer and young calf differ Reasons

a
Ans horse heavily work needs carbohydrates pro

at
,
.
teins and dry matter about the following proportion for

in
each 1,000 pounds weight Carbohydrates pounds

15
of
;
, :
dry matter pounds

26
protein pounds
,
;
3
a.
The fattening steer would require large amount

of
carbohydrates for fat production while the calf would need

,
larger amount protein for the development

of
of
bone
a
and muscle
.
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What was the attitude of the monarchial governments
of Europe toward the French Revolution ?
Ans .— Uncompromising hostility .
2. Explain the following terms in French history : the
Directory , the Consulate , the Empire .
Ans. ( a) The name of the governing body from 1795 to
1799. Power was vested in the Directory , composed of five
persons. ( b) The name of the governing body from 1799
to 1804 . Power was vested in Consuls , three in number .
( c ) An agreement made by Bonaparte with the Pope . Bona
parte, the First Consul, had the appointing of archbishops
and bishops and the appointments were to be confirmed by
the Pope. The State was to pay the salaries .
3. Of what value are pictures, statues and maps in the
teaching of history ?
Ans . — Pictures and statues can be used in sketches of
leaders ; also in showing historic places . In a similar way
maps can be used to show colonial settlements , movements
of armies , situation of cities .
4. What caused the recent revolution in China ?
Ans . — The tyranny of the reigning powers , known as the
Manchu Dynasty . The government was overthrown .
5. Name five important discoveries or inventions in the
nineteenth century which have greatly benefited humanity.
Ans . - Sewing machine , harvester and reaper , cylinder
printing press , telegraph , threshing machine .
6. Name several great biographers or autobiographers
you would use in the teaching of modern history , and state
why you would use them .
Ans The words should have been printed biographies
.--
"
is ’'
and autobiographies Irving's Life Washington
of
"
”
.
ofof
valuable the teaching United States History because

in
has the whole history at

an
IIin
the Revolution told

it
tractive way Carlyle's History for the

of
Frederick
.
L.
Seven Years War and other struggles Motley's John

J.
;
'
Barneveld for the history

of
of
Holland Parkman's
F.
;
Montcalm and Wolfe for the struggle between Great Britain

,
and France the eighteenth century

in
.
7.
Give briefly the controversy about

of
statement
a
Morocco
.
Ans France had been claiming sovereignty over Moroc

.
-
Germany sent warship Agadir port

on
to
co
the west
a
a
a ,
.
This was regarded by France After

as
coast hostile act

.
.
much controversy France induced Germany withdraw by

to
,
giving part French territory the Congo

of
in
it
a
.
STATE OF KANSAS 87
8. What is meant by the unification of Italy ? Name

three ofthe leaders in the work .
Ans .-( a ) The uniting , in 1860-1861 , of the several Ital
ian states under one government . ( b ) Victor Emmanuel ,
Garibaldi , Cavour .
9. Tell briefly what you know about the following
terms : Opium War , the Duma , the Iron Chancellor .
Ans . ( a) A war between Great Britain and China be
cause China was resisting the importation into China of
opium from India .
(b) The Russian Parliament .
( C) Bismarck .
10. What use would you make of newspapers in teach
ing the history of the world ?
Ans. The news of the world each day is in the tele
graphic dispatches. Hence , the importance of newspapers
in connection with the study of history .
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING .

1. What are the different kinds of county teachers ' cer
tificates ? For how long a time is each valid ?
Ans . -County certificates are the following : First grade ,
valid for three years and renewable ; second grade, two
years ; third grade , one year .
2. Of what advantage is the formal examination of pupils
( a ) to the pupils ? ( b ) to the teacher ?
benefits the pupil test
.--
Ans The formal examination
in
ing the accuracy his knowledge and his power retain
of
of
ing what
he
advantage also
an
has acquired There
in
is
.
of
the opportunity which the examination gives concentrat
ing his attention and making
an
unusual effort repro to

acceptable form the matter which has been studied
in
duce
to in .
The examination often reveals the teacher the defects
to
his teaching especially lack thoroughness

of of
and failure
,
emphasize properly the most important things

.
How does the nature interest early childhood

3.
in
differ from that youth and maturity

in
in
How should
?
of
this influence the methods primary teacher teacher

A
a
?
of
the eighth grade

?
Ans
In
early childhood interest generally

.--
of
im
the
is
mediate type The things which are interesting them

in
.
selves attract the child's attention In mature life the

in
.
terests are more frequently remote

or
Attention
is
derived
.
given things which though not interesting

to
in
them
,
things
to
selves are related which are interesting

,
.
4. How may the teacher secure attention of pupils to
-
matters in which they are not interested ?
Ans . By presenting interesting things which are related
to the matters to which it is desired to secure attention .
The latter will then have an acquired or derived interest .
5. Upon what does every mental image depend ? Of
what practical importance to a teacher is a knowledge of
this fact ?
Ans . Every mental image depends on some previous
sense impression . The first duty of the teacher is to see
that material for mental images is provided in suitable
variety . Instruction is often futile because the teacher
assumes the presence of mental images which are lacking .
The child , therefore , is not capable of comprehending the
teaching .
6. Should vividness of imagination be cultivated or re
proved ? Why ?
Ans. Vividness of imagination should be cultivated be
cause clearness of mental images is a great advantage in
perception , imagination , memory , association , and is favora
ble to clearness and force in all thinking .
7. Mention some object of teaching besides the impart
ing of knowledge, and tell how it may be gained .
Ans. The formation of appropriate bodily habits is an
important object in teaching . Any useful habit may be
established by persistent repetition of the process .
8. Why is it profitable for a teacher to attend and take
part in teachers ' meetings ?
Ans . Attendance at teachers ' meetings makes it possible
to receive information and inspiration from fellow teach
ers . The effort made to contribute something of value to
others is a very important means of self - improvement.
9. What is the teacher's responsibility with reference
to the pupil's method of study ?
Ans. It is the teacher's duty to teach the pupil how to
study . Without this knowledge great loss results from
wasted time and misdirected effort .
10. What suggestion can you make for the improvement
of the rural schools , or of some one school with which you
are acquainted ?
.
Ans An improvement in the appearance of the school
grounds is very desirable . The school premises should be
as attractive as the best homes in the district . Good taste
in such matters has a direct effect for good on every mem
ber of the school . (Many other suggestions. would be
equally acceptable . )
STATE OF KANSAS 89
MUSIC .
1.What is a two - part song ? How would you teach it ?
Ans . ( a) A song for two voice parts , of which one is of
secondary interest , to be sung by several voices for each
part ; distinguished from a duet , for two voices only , both
parts of equal interest. (b) If
class can read parts to
gether , teach it so ; if not , teach parts separately, then
combine .
2. Define tone and pitch .
Ans . - A tone is a sound of definite pitch . Pitch is tone
highness or lowness .
3. Letter the lines and spaces of the treble staff , using
the treble clef sign . Write on the bass staff the scale of
C , with syllable names beneath .
4. Name and explain four -time signatures .
Ans . — The figures in fraction form ( or other sign ) ap .
pearing at the beginning of a composition immediately fol
lowing the key signature , are by many called the " time
signature ." 2/4 two - quarter time signature " means two
beat measure with quarter note value to each beat . 3/4
( “ three - quarter M. Š . ' ' ) means three beat measure with
quarter note value to each beat . 3/8 (
“three -eighth M.
§ . ' ' ) means three beat measure with eighth note value to
each beat. 6/8 ("
six
ighth
N.
means six beat meas

S.
)
'
'
-e
In
ure with eighth note value the last 6/8
to
each beat
,
(
)
.
quick tempo the dotted quarter note really the beat

in
is
,
note and eighth notes indicate triplet effect three equal

,
,
.- to
tones beat
a
The Music Department

of
NOTE the National Educa

tion Association has adopted two recommendations that
should be of interest here measure sig
of
Instead
, .
a
"
(
)
nature time signature meter signature and the

,
',
"
“
”
"
like for the figures other sign indicating the measure

or
,
sign ,
measure proposed and approved This will leave
is
”
" "
signature for the group flats following the

of
or
sharps
"
of
key
of
clef indicate the the music Instead

to
the
6
.
(
)
lower figure the usual fraction form

of
in
the measure
sign quarter
in to
proposed substitute either

or
is
note
it
a
,
dotted quarter note parenthesis under the upper figure

a
The upper figure present sign retained would tell num

of
the note under figure

of
ber
to
to
beats measure show

a
the beat note the single note indicating one full beat
,
“
sign
of
Advocates the new measure believe that would

it
be
greatly simplify elementary teaching There would but

.
quarter
of
two kinds the note and the

to
beat note learn

dotted quarter note . If

fractional parts of a beat were to
be grouped in even numbers, the quarter note would in
variably be the beat note . If
fractional parts of beat were
to be in odd numbers ( triplets ) , the dotted quarter note
would be the beat note .
5. Define tie , slur , bar , double bar .
Ans. (a ) A curved line connecting two notes ( with no
other note between them ) which call for the same pitch ,
a sign to sustain one tone through the value of both notes .
(6 ) A curved line connecting (
including ) . two or more
notes which call for tones of different pitch. In music the
slur usually means that all tones indicated by notes of the
slurred group are to be sung to a single word syllable . ( c )
A vertical line across the staff . ( d) Two bars close to
gether . Sometimes a single heavy bar is called a double
bar .
6. How would you find the pitch , from a C pitch -pipe,
of the following keys : B- flat ? E ? Draw staff to repre
sent your answer .
Ans . ( a) Sing C as re , down a step to B - flat as do . ( b )
Sing down C chord ( or scale ) to E as mi , change to do .
( c ) For the applicant .
7. Make the following characters : sharp , double sharp .
Tell the effect of each .
Ans . ( a , b ) For the applicant . ( c ) A sharp makes a
staff degree ( line or space of staff ) represent a half -step
higher pitch than that represented by the same staff degree
primary
its
with clef
in
in condition position
e
,
,
“
( (
) i.
.
or
but without sharp flat double sharp makes

A
a
a
).
sharped staff degree represent pitch half step higher

a
.
Define chorus opera trio symphony
8.
Ans composition any number parts for

of
A
b in
a
,
.
(
)
each part play set

A
to
music
to
several voices
d c
(
)
(
) )
.'
.
composition for three solo voices

or
instruments
AA
(
.
composition the sonata form for orchestra the most

in
important classical form instrumental music

in
.
STATE OF KANSAS 91
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS — KANSAS .
July 26 and 27 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. When and to what extent would you use objects in
teaching arithmetic ? How would you develop the number
idea and introduce computations outside of the number
class ?
Ans .—In primary number work especially the use of ob
jects will aid the child to acquire his number concepts . As
soon as the child can think his numbers in the abstract and
can deal with their symbols , the use of objects should be
discontinued . In more advanced work , when the pupil is
unable to think with the use of symbols alone , objects can
sometimes be used to make the subject more definite and
concrete . But the work is not complete until the pupil can
do his thinking with the symbols and without the aid of the
objects. Through the use of games , in conversation with
the class , and in connection with the other work of the
,
school the number idea can be developed and computations
introduced .
2. Make out a sixty - day note for $420 interest at 6 per
,
cent . This note was discounted at a bank 20 days after it
was made . Rate of discount , 5 per cent . Find proceeds .
Solution.
$420 Topeka , Kan ., July 26 , 1912 .
Sixty days after date , for value received , Ipromise to
pay to Thomas H. Pierce , or order , Four Hundred Twenty
/
and no 100 Dollars , with interest at six per cent per annum .
RICHARD T. JONES .
Int . on $ 1 for 60 days at 6 % $ 0.01 .
Int . on $420 for 60 days at 6 % : 420 x $ 0.01 $4.20 .
Amt . of $420 for 60 da . at 6 % = $420 + $4.20 = $424.20 .
Disc . of $ 1 for 40 days at 6 % $0.0063 .
Disc . of $424.20 for 40 days at 6 % - 424.20 X $ 0.0063
$ 2.83 .
Disc . of $ 424.20 for 40 days at 1 % = 16 of $2.83 = $ 0.47 .
=
Disc . of $424.20 for 40 days at 5 %
Proceeds of $424.20 for 40 days at 5 % = $424.20
$ 421.84 .
-
$2.83 —.47 = $2.36 .
$ 2.36
3. The top of a tree broken off 30 feet above the ground

strikes the ground 40 feet from the stump. How high was
the tree ?
Solution . - The figure is a right triangle of which the alti
,
A , is 30 feet and the base , B , is 40 feet . It is re
tude ,
quired to find the hypotenuse , H.
H = V A2 + B2
V 302 + 402
V 900 + 1600
= V 2500
50 .
Therefore the tree was 30 ft . + 50 ft., or 80 ft . high .
4.What is the benefit of scale drawing ? A room is 20
feet long and 12 feet wide . It has a door 3 feet wide in
the middle of one end . Draw plan using any convenient
scale .
A scale drawing shows the dimensions
Ans . - of the orig
inal in the proper proportion , so that measurements can be
made and various relations ascertained directly from , the
drawing more conveniently than from the original .
5. ( a ) What are the advantages of cancellation ? In
what kind of problems may it be used ? ( 0 ) How much ex
planation of problems solved should be required from pupils ?
Ans .-
( a ) The quotient is not changed by dropping equal
factors from both the dividend and the divisor . So in all
problems of divisions where the dividend and divisor are ex
pressed in factors or where their factors may be easily
found , and in
the multiplication and division of fractions ,
cancellation offers a method of shortening the work .
( b ) A pupil solves problems to give him skill in reason
ing and to fix in his mind the principles of arithmetic . He
should be required to show that he has a grasp of the prin
ciples involved and that his thinking is clear and logical .
6. Discuss the relative importance of memory of rules
and understanding of principles in arithmetic .
Ans the study
.--
of
The ultimate aim arithmetic

in
is
a
its
clear understanding principles Memorizing

of
of
rules
.
simply will not attain this aim That rule best learned
is
.
and remembered where the attention

is
concentrated on the
principle involved Still
be
must that
in
conceded such
it
,
,
.
problems the problems cube root and of mensuration

as
of
of ,
pupil wholly memorizing

on
The must depend almost the

STATE OF KANSAS 93
the rules . For the reasons , he must wait until he has

reached a more advanced stage in his study of mathematics .
7. The drive wheels of a locomotive are 7 feet in diam
eter . How many revolutions will the drive wheels make in
traveling from Topeka to Kansas City , the distance being
67 miles ? Write such an explanation of the solution as you
would accept from a pupil .
Solution . —Rule : The circumference of a circle is equal
to the product of
=its
diameter and 3.1416
.
=
3.1416 21.9912
x
C
.ft .
Therefore the circumference 21.9912
is
In 67 miles there
ft
There are 5280 one mile
in
are
.
67
or
.ft
353,760
ft
5280
X
.
The drive wheels cover 21.9912 one revolution
in
ft
.
.
they will many
as
cover 353,760
ft
Therefore
asto
make
,
.,
revolutions 353,760
ft
of . ft
in
is
21.9912 contained times
.,
.
16,086.43 revolutions
by or
ordinary wagon
an
10
The dimensions feet
3 8.
box are
by
How many bushels

25
of
feet inches shelled corn
.
will such box hold

a
Solution.
No. cu box
in
in
120 108,000
X
36
X
25
.
.
.
50.22 No. bu of
cu
cu
•
108,000 2,150.42
in
in
.
.
.
shelled corn the box will hold
.
21
at
merchant marks suit and sells discount
9.
it
a
$
a
20 per cent from the marked price If

of
the suit cost him

.
what per cent does gain

12
he
$
?
,
Solution.
-
.21
.20 the discount

X
4.20
$ $
=== $
.
21
4.20 16.80 the selling price

$ $ $
.
12
16.80 — 4.80
$
=.
12
40
=
per cent gain

%
4.80 .40
=
$
.
be
U.
10. How much money must 2's

in
, to
at S.
invested
yield quarterly income 225 bonds selling
of
1081
a
brokerage Of what advantage are such problems sev

to
?
enth and eighth grade pupils

?
Solution
-
225 quarterly 900 annually

is
$
. .
Each share yields annually Hence will take 450

it
$
2
900 annually
to
shares yield
$
1 .
of
=
=
X+
$ %
1081 108 cost share

.
1083 450 48,993.75 amount invested

=
$
Such problems teach how bonds are bought and sold

.
busi
of
of
Since bonds are common form investment the

, a
ness world today useful know how transac

to
such
is
. it
tions are carried on

ALGEBRA .
1.Define and illustrate : base , index , coefficient , addend ,

monomial, trinomial .
Ans .— Any number written over and to the right of a
number expression is called an index or exponent, and , if a
positive integer, shows how many times that expression is
to be taken as a factor .
A product consisting entirely of equal factors is called a
power of the repeated factor . The repeated factor is called
the base of the power .
Thus , as means a X a Xa ; (a + b ) 2 means (a + b)
(a + b).
Any factor or group of factors may be taken as the co
efficient of the rest of the term .
Thus , in 4 a b x y , 4 is the coefficient of a b xy ; 4ab is the
coefficient of x y .
The numbers which are being added are called addends .
Thus , in 3 +7 + 13 = 23 , 3 , 7, and 13 are addends .
A monomial is a number expression of one term .
Thus , 3ab .
A trinomial is a number expression of three terms .
Thus , a2 + 2ab + 62.
2. Remove the symbols of aggregation :
(0–6 ) - [- { - (a + b ) +c } +0 . ]
Solution .
(a − b ) - [ - { - (a + b ) + 0% + ]
=a ---- - bc
6 [
[a +
-a o
+ c]
+ of ] +
-b
2b .
b +60
3. Multiply a c by a + b -C .
Solution.
a -b +c
a+ b- C
a2 — ab + ac
+ ab - 32 + bo
ac + bcc2
a2 62 + 2bc— c2.
4. In problem 3 enclose the second and third terms of
STATE OF KANSAS 95
each expression in parenthesis and indicate the product .

What is the type form ?
Solution.
[ a — b + c ] [ a + b - c ] = [am ( h — c ) ] [ a + ( 6 - c) ]
= a2— ( - c) 2
The product of the sum and the difference of the same
two numbers is equal to the difference of their squares .
( a +b ) ( a — b ) = a2—62 .
5. Indicate the operation and state the axioms applied in
the solution of this problem : A rectangle is 3 feet longer
than it is wide and has an area of 54 square feet . Find the
dimensions .
Solution.
Let x = No. of feet in width ,
Then x + 3 No. of feet in length ,
And a ( x + 3 ) No. of square feet in area ,
But 54 = No. of square feet in area .
Then by the axiom “ Things equal to the same or equal
things are equal to each other's
(x + 3) - 54 ( 1)
Multiplying out in the left number
x2 + 3x = 54 (2)
Completing the square by adding the square of half the
coefficient of x to both numbers
22 + 3x + 94 = 54 + 4 (3)
Adding the terms in the right number
22 + 3x + 94 = 2254 (4)
Taking the square root of both numbers
x + 32 + 152 (5)
+ 152— 32 (6)
“ If equalnumbers are subtracted from the same or equal
numbers the remainders are equal ."
Collecting terms in ( 6 )
* = 6 or -9 (7)
The second value of x , —9 , is inconsistent with the con
ditions of the problem . Taking the first value of x , 6 , the
width of the rectangle is 6 feet and the length is 9 feet .
These dimensions satisfy the conditions that the length is 3
feet more than the width and that the area is 54 square
feet .
6. State the principle involved , equate to zero and solve :
2x2 + 3x = 27 .
Solution.
2x2 – 3x 27
Transposing 27 to the left number
(1)
2x2 -- 32 27 = 0 (2 )
Factoring the left member
( 2x — 9 ) ( + 3 ) 0 (3)
Now since the product is equal to 0, one of the factors
must be 0.
If
29€ 9 = 0
Then 20 = 9
And 92
If x + 3 0
-
3.
Thoroforo 30 % or -3 .
252
a3 63
7. Factor and reduce to lowest terms :
(a − 0)5
Solution
a3 -53 + +
-
( a − b ) ( a2 ab 62 )
(a - 6) (a b)5
+ +
-
a2 ab 62
(a b)4
8. Inthe solution of problems why should each equation
be numbered ? Why should the reason for each step be .
given ?
Ans . It is often necessary to use an equation again , or
to refer w it This can be most conveniently done by num .
bering the equations in the order in which they are derived .
The solution of a problem is a course of reasoning . Each
advance in the reasoning is made by referring to and apply .
ing some general principle applicable to that particular step .
No reasoning could be carried on without taking these gen
eral principles into account, and in order that their impor
tanco may be fully understood and the solution made clear
both to the one who performs the solution and to the ono
who reads it , these reasons should be stated .
9 . State the principle involved in problem 7.
Ang . - The value of a fraction is not altered by cancelling
equal factors of the numerator and denominator .
10. Explain the nature of a negative quantity .
Ans. - By examining problems involving gain and loss ,
assets and liabilities , rise and fall , or distances measured in
two opposite directions , ' it is observed that the numbers are
applied to things which are opposite in quality . The an
swor in each problem not only gives the proper arithmetical
number, but also connects this number with one of tho
two opposite qualities involved in the problem . One of the
STATE OF KANSAS 97
qualities wo denote by the term positive, and the other by

the term negative. Thus the nature of a negative is that of
being opposite in quality from a positive number . In this
sense a negative number is a new kind of number and if
are
our fundamental operations apply generally they
to
be
as
to
as so
must revised possible operate with
to
make
it
negative positive numbers
as
well
.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION
.
Outline and illustrate plan for developing lan
1
a
.
guage lesson for the fourth grade
.
study Longfellow's Village
of
Ans poem
—
The
A
,
"
.
Blacksmith
."
Read the poem carefully

2. 1.
.
Write the story this poem your own words let
of
of in
,
ting each paragraph tell about one the following topics
:
The blacksmith and his shop
. a
.
.
The blacksmith's pork and what the children like
b
about
it
.
C. What the blacksmith does Sunday
on
.
What you like about this man and his work
2. d
.
.
Define and illustrate nominative case sub
b
a
,
(
, )
(
)
:
junctive mode passive voice superlative degree
of
d
c
,
(
)
(
comparison )
as (a .
the use
or
. of
Ans The nominative case noun
is
.-
“ a
)
pronoun the subject predicate Evange

or
of
sentence
( a
by
line was written Longfellow The subjunctive

b
.
''
supposition
of
an
assist wish
to
mode the use verb

is
,
a
uncertainty future contingency go
he
He will
. or
if
can
,
a
,
of
spare the time The passive voice that form
is
a
(
c
)
transitive verb which shows that the subject receives the

action The mother loved by her children The su
is
d
(
)
.
perlative degree the adjective used

of
that modification
is
de
ofin
express the quality the highest degree

or
lowest
to
gree He the oldest nine boys

is
.
3. .
Show briefly how you would develop inductively the

idea
of
noun
a
Ans Certain words

or
or
phrases clauses are used

be , to
, a ,
a ,
.-
designate object thought

an
John boy
or
as
fact
, ,
,
glory Such words are said

to
chair whiteness
,
etc.
,
some particu
or
name words nouns noun may refer

to
to A
or ,
a or .
lar object thing any one objects

, of
of
or
class
of ;
,
a
be
In
may the name quality the sentence John ran

“
.
of
fast John the name particular boy and

is
" is
a
,
”
"
called proper noun In the sentence The boy ran fast

,
,
a
"
.
applied any one

be
the word boy

to
of
can class and

a
”
,
"
is called a common noun . In the sentence , “ Chalk is noted

for its brittleness , ” “ brittleness ' is the name of a quality
and is called an abstract noun .
Use the following nouns in sentences and classify them :
Mary , house , sweetness , mother , Topeka , honor .
Have the pupils pick out the nouns in list of sentences
furnished by the teacher and also from the reading lesson .
( The idea of a phrase or a clause used as a substantive
can be developed later in a similar manner .)
4. Name and illustrate four uses of the objective case .
Ans .— ( 1 ) The object of a transitive verb . The boy
(
threw the ball . ( 2) The object of a preposition . The
farmer went to town. I
3 ) By apposition . saw him strike
John , the boy. ( 4 ) Without a governing word . The sun
shines night and day .
5. Give the construction of the italicised words in the fol
lowing quotation :
"Let each new temple , nobler than the last ,
Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast ,
Till thou at length art free ,
Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea .
Ans. — Let ” is a verb in the imperative mode , used as
the predicate ; " temple is a noun in the objective case ,
object of " let ' ' ; “ nobler '' is an adjective in the compara
tive degree modifying " temple ” '; " shut ” is the present
infinitive modifying " temple ” ; ( more ) " vast ” is an ad
jective in the comparative degree modifying " dome ”
" at length " is an adverbial phrase modifying " free ":
" leaving ” is the present participle modifying “ thou ?
66sea .
" life's's a noun in the possessive case modifying
6. Discuss the disciplinary value of the study of grammar .
Ans . — A competent knowledge of the English language
is necessary whether one attempts to express his thoughts
in private conversation , in correspondence , in public speak
ing , or in print . This knowledge can be acquired by the
study of its grammar , with exercises in parsing , diagraming ,
composition , and a study of the works of some of the most
accurate writers . Correct forms and purity in speech are
marks of culture , to attain which a study of grammar is
necessary . Clearness of expression , as well as the power
of comprehension , is increased by a thorough understanding
and application of the rules of grammar .
7. Discuss past tense and past participle . Why are they
frequently confused ?
Ans . — The past tense refers to time wholly past . The past
participle , also called the perfect participle , refers to the
STATE CF KANSAS 99
completion of an action . In the sentence , “ His wealth ,

obtained dishonestly , disappeared soon , sbobtained ” is
the past participle and disappeared ” is the past tense .
The present indicative , the past indicative , and the past
participle are called the principal parts of the verb . The
past participle is alone used with the verb , “ to be, " to
form the perfect tenses , passive voice , or the passive forms
Confusion frequently arises by using the past tense instead
.
of the past participle in the perfect tenses , etc. The past
tense and past participle of regular verbs have the same
form , while the irregular verbs and forms are different . A
lack of knowledge of the principal parts of the irregular
verbs is the chief reason why the past tense and the past
participle are frequently confused .
8. Discuss the relative values of parsing and giving con
struction .
Ans .— The relation between the two is close and each has
value in the study of grammar. Parsing should come first
as it leads to a clear understanding of the forms and helps
the pupil to understand construction . In the advanced
grades more attention should be paid to construction .
9. Define and illustrate the following kinds of clauses :
( a ) adjective , ( b ) adverb , ( c ) noun .
Ans . ( a) An adjective clause is one used to modify a
noun or pronoun . The man who was shot has recovered .
(b ) An adverb clause is one used to modify a verb , adjec
tive or adverb . They left before the rain began to fall .
( c ) The noun clause is one used as a noun . That the earth
is round is disputed now by no one .
10. Analyze or diagram : “ The world is full of people
who hate to think , and because they hate to think , they go
into things blindfolded and come out with broken hearts ,
blighted hopes and blasted lives . '
Ans .— This is a compound , declarative sentence . " The
world is full of people who hate to think ” is the first
member ; " because they hate to think , they go into things
blindfolded , ” is the second member ; " they come out with
broken hearts , blasted hopes and blighted lives ”' is the third
member ; " and " is the connective , between the first and
second members ; " and " understood is the connective be
tween the second and third members .
“ World , ” the subject of the first member , is modified
by “ the , ' s an adjective ; “ is ,” the predicated verb , is un
modified ; " full , ” the predicate adjective , is modified by
" of people ,” an adverbial phrase ; “ people " is modified
by the adjective clause , “ who hate to think , ” of which
" who , " the subject and connective , is unmodified , " hate ,
by
its
predicate modified the infinitive think an
to
is
,
,
,
“
”
objective element
.
They the subject
of
modified
is
the second member
by•
,
”
go ,
adjective element the predi
an
blindfolded
,
"
;
by“
”
“ into things
of
modified
is
cate the second member
” go,
”,
66
an adverbial phrase further modified by be
an is
;
'
'
to
of
cause they hate think adverbial clause which
,
subject un its
is
because the connective they
is
,
;
”,
“
; ”
, “
modified by the infini
its
modified hate predicate
is
“
,
objective element
an
tive think
to
,
"
of .
They understood the subject the third member
,
,
“
modified by with broken hearts and blighted hopes

is
,
, "
,
of
and blasted lives compound adjective phrase which
,
a
hearts the basis the first member
” of modified by
is
,
"
“
adjective hopes
of
the broken the basis the second
,
;
“
”
"
member modified by the adjective blighted and

is
, ,
’;
,
, is “
’
modified by the
'; of
lives the basis the third member

"
,
“
adjective blasted and understood the connective
is
,
“
between the second and third phrases come the predi
,
;
”
"
.
by
an
cate modified out adverb

is
,
GEOGRAPHY .
.
the purpose map drawing

of
What What
1.
is
6
of (a
?
)
(
)
kind map drawing profitable
to is
Ans To give the child through the eye clearer

a
a
(
)
.
be
picture obtained from the printed

( of
countries than can

page All kinds but the relief map more profitable
, is
itd
,
in )
.
that miniature mountains valleys etc.
as
in
in
shows
,
,
they are nature ,

.
Compare the United States with Brazil size people

2.
in
,
government and products
,
.
-
population
, 93
Ans United States Area 3,622,930

of ,
,
;
.
, :
402,151 mainly Saxon Celtic and Negro exclusive the

,
island possessions except Porto Rico and Hawaii form

,
;
)
government republic leading products corn wheat cot

of
, ,
,
;
: ,
ton coal gold silver iron cattle Brazil Area 3,218,000

,
;
,
,
.
population 21,461,100 largely Portuguese and Negro form

;
,
,
of
government republic products manioc coffee sugar

,
,
cotton cacao india rubber diamonds

,
,
,
Show relation between occupations and climate be

2.
tween occupations and location

.
Ans
of
is
When there succession seasons man must

a
.
produce not only for the working months but for the non
,
producing season People who live seacoasts naturally

on
.
STATE OF KANSAS 101
take to a seafaring life and to an exchange of commodities

by water . Illustrations can be multiplied .
4. Name and locate five great commercial ports . Name
–
one product shipped from each .
Ang . New York , grain ; Buenos Aires , meats ; Belfast ,
linen ; Liverpool , cloth ; Havre , silk .
5. Describe a model lesson based on the outline map of
Kansas . What grade is this lesson suitable for .
6. What geographical matter should be taught to primary
pupils ? By what method ?
Ans . - Largely, the geography which can be taught near
the school house ; observations of hills , valleys, moisture,
temperature, streams . Pictures of races , mountains , cities ,
rivers, ships , animals , and plants should be used freely .
These will lead to talks as to the different countries , peoples ,
manner of living , etc.
7. What is the effect of heat on the air ? How can you
prove your statement ? How can you use this in teaching
movements of wind ?
Warm air is lighter than cold air and the tendency
Ans . —
of the former is to rise above the lower strata of atmos
phere and to create currents , one an ascending current of
warm air , the other a horizontal current of cool air . By
heating paper or any other combustible material ,
prove the statement, and can use the illustration in teach
I can
ing the movements of winds .

8. Name and locate the insular possessions of the United
-
States ; the colonial possessions of England .
Ans . United States : Philippine Islands , between the
Pacific Ocean and South China Sea ; Porto Rico , east of
Haiti ; Hawaiian Islands , in the Pacific , wetween the United
States and the Philippines ; Tutuila , in the Samoan group ;
Guam , one of the Ladrones . Great Britain : Hindostan
and Ceylon , Southern Asia ; South Africa , Dominion of
Canada , New Zealand , Australia , West Indies , Newfound
land , Bermuda , British Guiana , South America ; British
Honduras , Central America , and many islands in the Pacific
and elsewhere .
9. Compare New York and California as to climate ,
products, surface , and occupations . How may such a topic
be made impressive to pupils ?
Ans . — The climate of New York is hotter in the summer
and colder in the winter than that of California ; both
states have beautiful scenery ; the mountains are loftier in
California ; the surface is varied in both states ; California
excels in fruits and valuable minerals ; New York in manu

facturing and dairy products .
10. ( a) What use can you make of type forms of land
found in your vicinity ? ( b ) Name four things other than
location which you would teach about New Orleans.
Ans .-
( a ) I can teach the formation of rivers , lakes,
mountains , valleys , watersheds . ( b ) When and how it was
founded ; that it had been in the possession of Spain and
France ; that it is an important seaport ; that it will be
come more important when the Panama Canal is opened .

1. Give five good reasons for the study of history .
Ang. - To learn the facts and their relation to each other
and the world history ; to train the mind ; to train the child
fit
into the principles of true patriotism ; to children for
train the judgment
to
citizenship
;
.
What preparation have you made for teaching this
2
.
subject
?
Ans have studied carefully the larger histories of

-
.
I
the United States and the best methods for teaching the
,
subject
.
Associate the following names history John Cabot

2.
in
,
:
Gideon Wells William Wirt John Hay Paul Jones Jona
,
,
than Edwards Joseph Story Grover Cleveland Samuel
J.
A A. ,
,
Tilden John Logan
.-
,
Ang Venetian sailing under the English flag

a
(
)
of
who discovered the mainland North America Secre

(b
)
.
tary the Navy

of
President Lincoln's and President John

) in
of ;
son's cabinet Anti Masonic candidate for President
c
(
-
.
Secretary
of
the United States 1832. State under

in
d
(
)
President McKinley Noted American naval commander

e
(
)
.
War of the Revolution

in
famous minister and

A
) f
.
9 (
)
writer eighteenth century Eminent jurist associate

,
;
(
.
of
justice Supreme Court Presi

of
the United States

(i (h
.
) )
dent United States 1885-1889 and 1893-1897 Gov.

,
Democratic nominee for President

of
ernor New York

,
;
Noted Union general Civil War United States

in
1876.
)j
;
(
Senator from Illinois

.
Give names date and place exploration

of
of
four
4
.
English four Spanish and two French explorers

,
Ans English Sir Humphrey Gilbert_attempted settle

in .-
ment Newfoundland 1583 Sir Walter Raleigh attempted

;
, ,
Virginia Gospold explored

; , of
coast
;
, in
settlement 1584
New England 1692 Martin Pring explored New England
;
de
1603. Spanish Ponce Leon explored Florida 1513

,
:
.
STATE OF KANSAS 103
Coronado , southwestern United States , 1540-42 ; De Ayllon ,

Florida and South Carolina , 1520 ; De Soto , Mississippi
Valley , 1541 . French :
,
Verrazano , Atlantic coast , 1524 ;
Cartier , Gulf and River St. Lawrence 1534 .
5. Discuss briefly the “ Critical Period ' in American
history .
Ans . It was indeed a “ critical period , ' ' when the young
colonies
between
were
them , rivalries , jealousies as to state rights
form some sort of union for the purpose of placing the gov
-
struggling amid many difficulties — distance
to
ernment upon a stable foundation . It required great wis

dom to go through that period without making serious mis
takes , but the wisdom was there , and it , combined with a
high order of statesmanship , carried the infant nation
through to success .
6. Trace the territorial development of the United States .
Ang . - Louisiana Purchase , 1803 ; Florida Purchase , 1819 ;
' Texas Annexation , 1845 ; territory after Mexican War , 1848 ;
Gadsden Purchase , 1853 ; Alaska acquired , 1867 ; Hawaiian
Islands , 1898 ; Samoan Islands , 1898 ; Porto Rico and the
Philippines , 1898 .
7. Describe the different types of colonial government
and give an example of each .
Ans . - Proprietary government : Pennsylvania was granted
to William Penn and was held by him as proprietor
ter : A charter granted by the king , as in Massachusetts
. Char
and Connecticut . Royal : In the royal form of govern
ment , the king appointed the governor and council , as in
the case of Virginia . The colony of Virginia began with
a charter , but it was taken away . That was done in sey-
eral colonies .
8. Who are the following : Champ Clark , Robert LaFol
lette , P. P. Claxton , Samuel Gompers , Edward D. White ,
Booker T. Washington , Andrew Carnegie , Joseph Cannon ,
Philander C. Knox , Henry Dan Dyke ?
Ans.- ( a )- Speaker House of Representatives, Washing .
ton . ( 6 ) United States Senator from Wisconsin . ( c)
United States Commissioner of Education . ( d ) President
Federation of Labor . ( e ) Chief Justice Supreme Court of
the United States . ( f ) Noted negro ; founder of Tuskegee
Institute . ( 9 ) Noted capitalist and founder of public
libraries .( h ) Formerly Speaker House of Representatives ;
Member of Congress from Illinois . ( i ) Secretary of Stato
in President Taft's cabinet . j ( ) Noted orgyman and
writer .
9. Give the historical significance of ( a ) Line of De
marcation
Ans . , (b)
The Armada , ( c ) The Monroe Doctrine .
line established by Pope Alexander VI to
(a) A
settle disputes as to territory between Spain and Portugal .
The line extended from the north to the south pole , 100
leagues west of the Azores . All lands east of the line were
given to Portugal ,
all
Spain
to
west formidable
A
ofb)
(
.
England The
in
fleet organized 1588 for the conquest
Eng
byto .
history
as
of
Armada was defeated and the course
,
land remained unchanged was proclaimed Presi
It
c
.
(
)
dent Monroe and stated that the United States Govern
,
ment would consider any attempt by European governments
extend their systems of government the Western hemi
in
to
sphere unfriendly acts
.
10. Discuss the recent trust prosecutions and the pro
,
posed income tax amendment
.
Ans There have been between thirty and forty trust
-
.
In
prosecutions all these the government's purpose was

an. all.
to
observe the provisions
of
to
compel companies the

Sherman law The Standard Oil Company was ordered dis
by
the Supreme Court

of
of
solved order the United
of
States The substance the income tax amendment now
,
.
before the State Legislatures for ratification that Con
is
,
“
on
power lay
to
gress shall have and collect taxes incomes

from whatever source derived The amendment has not
"
.
by
yet been ratified the required number the legisla
of
tures
.
READING
.
child's vocabulary enlarged

be
How may
1.
By
a
of ?
Ans listening the conversation older per

to
) 1
2 (
)
.
By reading books and other matter which

in
sons
.
new words are continually introduced

By practice
3
,
(
)
.
repeating oral and written composition the new words

in
whose sound and meaning have been acquired

.
the alphabetical method teaching begin

of
What
2.
? is
compari
in
read Discuss its merits and defects

to
ners
son with some other specific method
.
the alphabetical method the child first learns

In
Ans
.
the alphabet
of
of
the names and the sounds the letters

.
Words are then learned by spelling This method

.g
e
a
c
,
;
-
t-.
.
was formerly general use but has little

to
of is in , it
commend
in
spelling and this

of
except the drill doubtful value

in
is
;
being limited the simple words which are introduced

to
the elementary lessons On the other hand the child

,
.
constantly confused by the difference between the name

any given word
th
of
letter and the sound the letter

in
.
STATE OF KANSAS 105
The alphabetical method is irrational as a method of learn

ing to read in comparison with the phonetic method , which
by teaching the sounds of the letters instead of their names ,
puts the child in possession of a key to the language and
inakes his progress in learning to read comparatively rapid .
3. By what methods or devices may the child acquire
ability to pronounce and read new words at sight ?
Ans .— ( 1 ) By learning certain simple words of frequent
occurrence so thoroughly that they may be instantly recog
nized . A new word found in connection with familiar words
is readily acquired . ( 2 ) By learning the sounds of letters
and of frequently occurring groups of letters , e. g ., ing , ight ,
etc. , which may be recognized in various combinations . ( 3 )
By much practice in reading books and selections adapted
to the child's capacity . New words in many instances to
be acquired instinctively .
4. How does the purpose in teaching reading in the fifth
grade and above differ from that in the primary grades ?
Ans.- In the primary grades the purpose is chiefly the
acquisition of vocabulary and the mastery of the mechanics
of reading . In the higher grades the knowledge previously
gained should be utilized in extending the pupil's general
knowledge and especially his knowledge of literature and
his appreciation of the same .
5. Define quality as applied to reading . Describe two
varieties of quality and give appropriate illustrations , either
quoted or original .
Ans .— Quality is a term used to indicate variation in the
character of the voice which adapts it to the expression of
different emotional states , such as tenderness , serenity , fear ,
anger , etc. Different kinds of quality are ( 1) smooth , as
in " Where thou diest I will die , and there will I be bur
ied ' ' ; and ( 2 ) harsh , as in “ Crucify him ! Crucify him ! ”
6. What is the relation of attention as a mental state to
-
the process of oral reading ?
Ans . In oral reading the attention must be directed to
the printed words and to the thought. Good reading is im
possible unless the attention is actively occupied with the
thought which the words convey .
7. Of what value is the use of the dictionary in connec
tion with the reading lesson ?
Ans .— The dictionary should be consulted for pronuncia
tion , for the meaning of new words , and for new and special
meanings of words which are already so ewhat fan iar .
The dictionary should be used as a means of increasing the
pupil's vocabulary .
8. ( Before writing on this topic the papers already writ

ten should be handed to the examiner . The institute course
of study may then be used for reference . )
Prepare five questions suitable for use in a recitation on
“ Old Ironsides , ” and write answers to the same which you
would consider acceptable from pupils .
Ans .— ( 1) What is the general character of this poem
What expressions in the poem indicate this ? Ans . — The
are
poem is patriotic or heroic . Expressions indicating this
Totattered ensign banner battle shout cannon's
,
”,
”
“
"
“
roar hero's blood vanquished foe
',
2 ,
) "
If "
““
in
the title were not given what expressions
.--
the
,
(
poem would suggest the subject Ans Her deck her
,
?
"
"
"
shattered hulk sail
,
mast
"
”
.
,
'
“
What disposition the worn out battleship does
of
3
(
)
-
the poet think would preferable dismantling
be Why
to
it
?
?
Ans Sinking thought keep
be
more
in
in
to
is
the ocean
.-
ing with the associations connected with the ship's career
.
battleship was recently sunk with mil
U.
What
. S.
(4
)
itary honors Ans The Maine

“
"
?
What expressions the poem attribute personal .

in
5
(
)
qualities the ship Ans The personal pronoun

..
to
.—
her
?
.”
" "
or
Her deck
no
more shall feel know her
,
"
"
.
.
.
grave
.'
be
Many other questions might
be
used which would

(
equally acceptable
.)
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
Let each applicant spell the following

words society
1.
,
:
squirrel suffice tortuous victuals veracious vicious meas
,
,
,
,
,
les missiles massacre lyceum mercenary knuckle lettuce

,
,
lariat laureate icicle hearth grieve deceive forfeit frieze
( ,
,
,
of ,
freese financier faucet Give credit two for each ,

,
a
.
word spelled correctly

)
.
Ang --For the applicant

.
.
In
what grade would you require pupils

2.
use the
to
abridged dictionary
?
In
Opinions
to
as
Ans diffor that the third and fourth

. .
-
grades
of
What the value drill teaching spelling

in
3.
is
?
an
Ans Repetition will always have important place

in
—
.
and that another name for drill

is
education
,
an
Defino trigraph and triphthong and give illustra

4.
,
of
tion each
.-
. ) .
three letters representing

of
Ans combination
A
a
a
(
single sound Illustration combina

in
eau beau
A
b
"
(
)
:
.
STATE OF KANSAS 107
tion of three distinct vowel sounds uttered with one articu

lative effort or broath impulse. ” Illustration : oya in loyal .
-International Dict .
5. Give three rules for forming plurals , and give illustra
tion of each .
Ans. - Add s or es to the singular ; by changing f into
ves ; nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant , change the
y to i and add es.
PENMANSHIP .
1. How would you conduct the writing exercises in a rural
school ?
Ang . – Very much as I
would in any other school, except
that in cases of short terms
the time .
I
would adapt the course to
2. What incentive should be used to create interest in

better writing ?
Ang . - The children should be told of the value of good
writing ; the pleasure it gives friends who receive letters,
and the money value of the art in business .
3. What part of the writing in the first year should be
done at the blackboard ?
Ans Much
at
of
the work should be done the black

.--
board The exercise will give greater freedom
in
arm
.
movement and will mako the subsequent finger movement

,
at desks much easier

.
pencils should the beginners use Why

of
What kind
4.
?
Ang Large pencils They are easier
to
handle move
in
.
.
-
ment exercises
.
of
Discuss the value Illustraté

5.
movement exercises
.
in a .
Ans They strengthen the muscles and give the child
—
.
botter control of his hand and fingers They also train

.
freedom and beauty The writing

of
of
form the direct

.
large
on
oval the board on scale develops the muscle and

a
,
,
to
leads writing
in
freedom
.
.
,
proper exercise
of
What are the beneficial effects

1
.
specially commended
be
What exercises are

to
?
of
Ans Development the bones muscles and nerves

a
,
(
)
of
the young maintenance highest efficiency

of
at
muscles
;
quickened blood including lymph increased

of
circulation
;
activity glands sharpened appetite and more perfect di

(b of
gestion Walking gymnasium work competitive sports

, ;
;
)
.
tennis basket ball volley ball etc bicycle

or
as
.;
horseback
,
,
riding ; for boys , sawing wood with a hack saw ; for girls ,
washing clothes on a washboard .
.
2. Describe the functions of the kidneys and name the
chief wastes eliminated by them .
Ans ( a ) The secretion or separation of harmful or use
less substances from the blood and the sending of them
down the ureters into the urinary bladder ; the making of
an internal secretion by the adrenal glands at the top of
the kidneys , and the passing of this useful secretion into
the blood . ( b ) Water , 95 per cent ; urea , acids, salts , sugars ,
and pigments from broken -down red corpuscles , 5 per cent.
3. Give the function in the digestive process of ( a )
hydrochloric acid , ( b) rennin , ( c) pepsin .
Ans . ( a) Kills bacteria that have been swallowed with
acid albumen .
casein .
(
food ; changes proteids into an easily digested form called
b ) Coagulates the caseinogen of milk into
( c) Changes the acid albumen ( syntonin ) into an
absorbable form called peptone .
4. Discuss the germ theory of disease and the means of
.
bodily defense against their invasion .
Ans ( a ) Many diseases , such as typhoid fever , malarial
fever , etc. , are occasioned by the presence of microscopic
disease germs in the body . These germs enter through the
skin , food canal , respiratory passages or urinary passages ,
and injure the body either by potent poisons which they
make , or by causing certain lesions or injuries to the tissues .
These germ diseases have a rather definite “ history , ог
course , which enables the physician to diagnose them . ( 6 )
The means of passive defense consists of the layers of epi.
dermal and epithelial cells that must be penetrated by the
germs. The active defense consists of hydrochloric acid in
the gastric juice ; white corpuscles , and antitoxins made by
the body cells .
5. Discuss means of prevention of ( a ) tuberculosis , ( b )
typhoid .
Ans . (a ) Destruction of the tubercle bacilli in the spu
tum of the consumptive patient ; requiring the patient to
use separate dishes which are to be boiled in water after
use ; patient to sleep alone and to do no kissing . ( a ) De
all
struction of the typhoid bacilli in the discharges from

the patient privy vaults destruction
of
, of
disinfection
of ;
;
germ arrying flies sanitary handling food supplies

;
-c
including the drinking water

.
of
Discuss the advantages balanced ration

6.
.
-
Ans For man temperate climates the balanced ration

in
.
of
aside from water and salts consists about one part pro
STATE OF KANSAS 109
tein to one part fats, to four parts carbohydrates. This

proportion gives the best results because it furnishes the
proper amount of carbon and of nitrogen to the system .
By increasing the relative amount of protein the liver and
kidneys would be overworked , and by diminishing it beyond
a certain point the active tissues would be starved for nitro
gen .
7. Give the composition of the blood and discuss the
function of the white corpuscles .
Ans .-
( a ) Blood consists of corpuscles or blood cells com
of its
posing about half bulk and liquid part called plasma
a
,
.
The three kinds blood cells are white corpuscles red
,
corpuscles and platalets coagulable
of
Plasma consists
a
.
part called fibrinogen which changes into fibrin threads
,
,
part called serum which consists
of
and non coagulable
,
a
foodstuffs and wastes solution Germ killers repair

in
,
6
-
of of (
)
.
fragments disintegrated red cor
of
of
ers cuts carriers
,
puscles As they have the power locomotion they pene
,
.
the capillaries and travel among the tissue

of
trate the walls

cells killing bacteria enveloping and destroying many for
,
,
eign substances Incidentally they guard the blood supply

by helping
.
form clots injured blood vessels

in
to
.
of
What are the effects alcohol and tobacco on the

8.
the body
of
cells
?
Ans Both are narcotic poisons retarding the growth

, —
of
.
of
all
cells deadening the sensibility nerve cells The ex
.
produces fatty degeneration
of
of
cessive use alcohol
a
muscle cells hardens and shrivels brain cells and changes

,
,
of
the shape and size red blood cells

..
be
and 10 What should accomplished

in
in
the school
9
to .
reference the subjects mentioned questions and

in
5
1,
4,
99 above
?
.- kept punishment
be
as
Ans Children should not

to in
)a
(
be
during recesses but should encouraged take vigorous

,
the playgrounds
be
as on
on
exercise The teacher should the

.
grounds
an
as
interested observer director He should

or
as .
teach the children new plays and games such volley ball
,
basket ball etc. The teacher should see that the school
6
is ,
(
)
property decent and sanitary condition The school

in
a
.
be
well should cleaned the school rooms cleaned and the

,
outhouses made decent Children should use individual

.
drinking cups should not exchange

. of
bites food and

,
,
”
do
spitting about the school premises

no
should Slates
if
,
used should not be washed with saliva but with pure water
,
,
is
If
as
Same question meant the effects

d
8
b
c
(
)
(
)
(
)
.
of these narcotics upon the system should be taught thor

oughly and scientifically .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. What relation have the school and home to good gov
ernment ?
Ans . — The home and school which are well governed will
train boys and girls to be good citizens .
2. Name three sources of national revenue .
Ans . —Duties on imports
;
taxes on articles produced in
the country ; sale of public lands .
3. How is the money obtained for the support of elemen
tary schools ?
Ans . - Chiefly by local taxation . The State sometimes
grants aid .
4. Define the following terms : Initiative and referen
dum , recall , direct primary .
Ans .-
( a ) When the people take the initiative in legisla
tion by petition . ( 6) When legislative acts are referred to
the people for ratification . )
( c When on petition an official
can be required to go before the people for reelection before
the close of his term . (d ) When the people vote directly
for a candidate for each office . The word direct is used to
distinguish between this system and the old convention
method .
5. Give briefly the general powers of a minister of the
United States to a foreign country . How does his work
differ from that of a consul ?
Ans . - A minister has full powers to represent the govern
its
all
ment in relations with the other country consul

at A
.
merely the commercial agent the government

of
certain
is
collecting information the mar

at as
cities He assists
in
to
.
the locality
he
of
trade and industries which

is
kets
,
navigation etc.
as
stationed also
to
health
;
How are judges

of
the United States courts chosen

6.
Judges
of (a of
the Kansas state courts

?
by
by
.-
Ans Appointed the President and with the

)
consent the Senate Elected by the people

(b
.
.
)
the representatives and senators from Kan

. all
Name
7.
Congress
in
sas
–
Ang Charles Curtis Joseph

L.
Senators Bristow Rop

;
,
.
P.
Anthony Joseph Taggart Camp

D.
, P.
R.
resentatives
,
R. ,
S. :
D.
Jackson R.
A.
Young George
,
bell Fred Rees

I.
,
,
Neeley Victor Murdock

,
How can the relation

of
children
in
to
8.
the schools the

be
national government shown

?
STATE OF KANSAS 111
-
Ang . The well - trained , obedient child
to be a law - observing citizen .
will generally grow
9. Name at least one power possessed exclusively by the

United States house of representatives. A power belonging
exclusively to the senate .
Ans All bills for raising revenue must originate
of .--
in
the
representatives The senate has the solo power
to
house
.
try impeachments
.
10
as
What are the proposed amendments the elec
to
.
.
ofof As Presi
of
tion United States senators
to
the election
?
dent the United States
he be?
by
Ans That they elected directly the people
a
(
)
.
be
The same and that limited one term six years
to
b
,
(
,
)
long
.
HISTORY OF KANSAS
.
What maps besides the map the state would you
? of
1.
,
teaching the history
of
Kansas
. in
use
Map the United States especially
of
the Louis
of
Ans
—
in
iana Purchase also maps
of of
Kansas
-
counties
;
.
the territorial period
be
Where can histories found
2.
?
the library
In
the Kansas State Historical So

of
Ans
.
ciety the Kansas State Library and
of
the libraries
in
in
;
,
our state educational institutions
.
Why did people from southern states settle
in
Kansas
3.
territorial times
in
Ans Primarily make Kansas

to
slave state
a
-
.
.
What property does the United States government own
4.
and control Kansas

in
Ang Fort Leavenworth Fort Riley the Soldiers Home

,
,
.
-
'
and many postoffice buildings
.
by
Name three important acts passed

5.
the Kansas leg
.
of
islature 1911
.
Ans Permitting voter who unavoidably absent

a
is
.-
from his home on election day may

to
he
vote wherever
of be
within the state and tho clerk

to
to
have the vote sent

,
his home county granting state aid

to
weak districts
;
and lengthening the school term providing for the pension

;
ing
of
the first class

of
cities
in
teachers
.
When and for what purpose was Abraham Lincoln

6.
in
Kansas
.-- ?
. on
of
Ans
to
1859 speak the issues

In
December the
,
,
on
day mainly
the Kansas Nebraska bill
,
How did the railroads Kansas acquire grants

of of
7.
of
land What were the results the grants

?
Ans From the United States government The railroad

-
.
.
companies sold the land on easy terms to settlers , and thus

immigration was promoted .
8. Who were the governors of Kansas during the Civil
War ? Name two important events of that period .
Ans .- (
Crawford .
( a ) Charles Robinson , Thomas Carney , Samuel J.
b ) Invasion of Kansas led by General Sterling
Price ; Quantrill's raid on Lawrence .
9. When were the years of great immigration ? Who
were the governors during that period ?
Ans . ( a ) 1870 to 1877. ( b ) James M. Harvey , Thomas
A. Osborn , George T. Anthony , John P. St. John .
10. Name one or more selections of Kansas poetry you
would use in teaching the history of the state .
Ans . — Whittier’s “ Le Marais du Cygne " and " The Song
of the Kansas Emigrant ’ ’ ; Ware's “ John Brown . ”
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE .
( Any two questions may be omitted . )
1. Give the distinguishing characteristics of the dairy
type of cattle . The distinguishing characteristics of the
beef type .
Ans.- (a) Wedge shape ; back line irregular , hip and
tail bones prominent ; thighs , thin ; back , narrow ; neck ,
long and thin ; not much flesh on shoulder . ( b) Square ;
full over back and loins ; straight in back ; hips , well and
evenly fleshed ; legs , thick ; neck , full and short ; skin , soft ;
stomach line parallel to back line.
2. Name the four leading breeds of dairy cattle . Give
distinguishing characteristics of each breed .
Ans. ( a ) Jersey , Guernsey , Ayrshire , Holstein - Frisian .
( b ) Jersey : Smaller than the other dairy breeds ; general
color , squirrel gray and fawn ; rich in milk and butter .
Guernsey : Much like the Jerseys ; a little larger ; general
color , red and white or fawn and white ; cream , smoother
than the Jersey . Ayrshire : Much larger than Jerseys ;
large yield of milk , but not so rich as that of Jerseys ;
colors, red , brown , white . Holstein -Frisian : Black and
white in color ; much larger than Jerseys ; heaviest milk
producers ; milk not rich in fat .
3. Name the four leading breeds of beef cattle . Give
the distinguishing characteristics of each breed .
Ans . - Shorthorn (including Polled Durham ), Hereford ,
Aberdeen - Angus , Galloway . Shorthorn : Color , red , white
and roan ; conform to the beef type. Hereford : Color , red ,
with white faces ; shorter legged than Shorthorns. Aber
deen -Angus : Color , black ; short - legged , plump ; smaller
STATE OF KANSAS 113
than Shorthorns . Galloway : Black , hornless ; very short

legs ; long, curly hair ; hardy .
4. Name and give the distinguishing characteristics of
three main breeds of chickens.
Ans . —Leghorns : Medium size , good layers, hardy, active ,
egg breeds . Brahmas : Large , heavy , slow in movement ,
gentle , good setters , good mothers ; meat breeds. Plymouth
Rock : Good meat , good layers, fair size , good mothers .
5. State definitely the best method for preparing the
seed bed for wheat .
Ans . - Early and deep plowing ; frequent harrowing be
tween plowing and seeding ; barnyard manure should be
used if obtainable .
6. How does Kansas rank with other states in the total
yield of wheat ? In yield per acre ?
Ans . - Kansas leads in hard winter wheat . Average yield ,
low ; only about 14 } bushels per acre .
7. What are the distinguishing marks of a high -grade
ear of corn ?
Ans . — Plenty of sound grain ; relatively small propor
tion of cob , stalk and leaves ; even rows ; narrow spaces
between rows and kernels ; kernels, deep in relation to cob .
8. Describe in detail the processes of budding and graft
ing .
Ans . - Slit the bark of the limb budded lengthwise and
crosswise ; lift the corners of the bark cut and insert the
bud , which has been divested of After
all
woody part
.
wards tie down the cut bark about the bud
to
exclude the
together layers
In
air and press the two cambium
to
.
tongue
in
tongue grafting cut the scion and the root
in
a
,
Put the two parts
or
so
stock together that the edges

.
cambium layers will

be
together Afterwards tie the two

.
keep the air from drying the cambium lay

so
parts
as
to
uniting budding and grafting the

In
ers while both

,
.
bandages are cut removed after the cambium layers

or
or
,
under green bark have united

,
Soft juicy tissue under the bark

of
NOTE
.—
Cambium
,
:
The shoot twig cut from the

or
scion and stock Scion

:
.
Lower part original stock

or
tree Stock
,
:
. .
What their eco

is
Name five native Kansas birds

9
nomic value
to
the farmers
?
Ans Quail hawk barred owl woodpecker meadow lark

,
,
.-
They eat injurious insects mice carrion etc.

be ,
,
10. To what extent can agriculture successfully taught

Give your reasons
in
the rural schools

?
.
all
Ans Almost any extent for the conditions aro

to
—
,
.
favorable . There is farming land on every hand and every

lesson can be accompanied by experiments on farms . All
the children are from farmhouses, and they can get all
needed information from first sources .
MUSIC .
1.What is a rote song ? How would you teach one ?
Ans .— ( a ) A song taught and learned by imitation . ( 6 )
Teacher sing entire song ( first stanza only , if there are
more ) , while children listen , Then teacher sing single
phrases , children imitating . ( Usually a phrase is the music
to a line of poetry . ) Teacher and children should not sing
together . If
there is a reed organ , and teacher can play ,
play melody while children sing the song , after having
learned it by phrases as above . This will help to keep the
singing up to key and movement .
2. Write the scale names and the syllable names of the
scale .
Ans . —By many teachers the numerals , one , two , three ,
four , five, six , seven , eight, are used as scale names . Syl .
lable names for major scale are do , re , mi , fa , so ( 1) , la ,
ti, do .
3. Write on the treble staff the scale of A - flat . Write on
the bass staff the scale of D.
Ang . - For the applicant .
4. What are intervals ? Name a very frequent and an
infrequent interval .
Ans . - An interval is the pitch relation between two tones
-sometimes defined as " pitch difference between tones .
Musical theory classifies as an interval the perfect prime ,
unison . Where two voices with independent parts sound
for the moment the same pitch , there is a pitch relation
( prime ) , but not a pitch of difference. ” A very frequent
interval is
the major third . An infrequent interval is the
diminished third .
Describe the child voice and tell how to care for it .
5.
Ans .— The normal singing tone of the child , boy or girl,
is light in quality and high in pitch , soprano . Untrained
children invariably sing with too much force and too much
in low pitch . The result is musically intolerable , and the
descending
If
effort often physically injurious . The remedy is soft sing :
ing and downward training . exercises are used , sing
figures , carrying light quality in upper voice
down into the lower compass . Observe same principle in
songs . Avoid songs with many low tones . Safe compass
for first grade , e- f ; second grade , d -f sharp ; third and
STATE OF KANSAS 115
fourth grades, c -g , rarely and but little below middle c.

Persist in means and within limits suggested until right
habits are fixed , and then persist .
the following keys : G , E -flat ? Draw staff to represent
your answer .
Ans .-
( a) Sing from pitch -pipe tone c as do to g as so ,
then sing g as do. ( b ) Two ways : 1. Sing pitch - pipe c as
la , and up , la do , or down , la so mi do . 2. Sing down from
c, do so mi ri , sing last do . ( Ri , in C key , is d- sharp , ths
same , in tempered scale , as e - flat . ) Illustration for the ap .
plicant .
7. Make the following characters : flat , double flat . Tell
the effect of each .
Ans . - Illustration , for the applicant . ( a ) A flat makes
a staff degree represent a pitch a half -step lower than that
represented by the same degree in primary
its
natural
("
"
)
condition double flat makes flatted staff degree
A
a
b
(
)
-
.
represent half step lower pitch

a
.
Define three part song duet sonata symphony
8,
or ,
-
.
.-
Ans song for three voices parts the lower
,
A
a
(
)
of
two less melodic interest than the upper song
A
) (
)
.
for two voices each part equal interest An instru
of
c
,
in (
.
mental chiefly piano composition usually four
or
three
,
(
contrasted parts called movements An extended piece d

(
.
)
for orchestra
in
sonata form
,
ENGLISH LITERATURE
.
Discuss the practical value study

be
derived from
to
1.
a
reading and literature
of
Ans Reading the gateway literature From liter-

to
is
.
.
-
ature and reading we get the highest thoughts prose and

in
poetry acquaintanceship with the greatest minds

an
a
,
,
go
knowledge good language and inspirations high

of
to
to
,
ideals
.
Under what circumstances was the Gettysburg Address

2.
given Quote from the address

?
.
by
was given
It
the dedi
at
Ans .— President Lincoln

a
(
)
Gettys
on
the national cemetery

of
of
cation the battlefield

burg November
19
vast multitude was front

in
A
1863.
,
,
of
of
the number had been the battle about

in
him some
;
four months before The world will little note nor

b
“
(
)
.
long remember what we say here but can never forget

it
,
what they did here

"
.
Contrast Lincoln and Everett as orators

3.
Ans .-- Everett had had thorough training schools and

in
a
colleges ; was what might be termed a polished orator .

Lincoln was gaunt in form , angular in movement ; he had
of the log cabin and school . Yet his five or ten minute
address is admired wherever English is spoken , while Ever
-
had no college nor much other training in schools ; a product
ett's two -hour oration is almost forgotten .

4. What books have you read the past year ? Select one
and tell what good you derived from reading it .
5. Sketch briefly the life and work of Hawthorne .
Ans . —Born at Salem , Mass ., July 4 , 1804 ; died at Ply
mouth , May 18 , 1864 . He was educated at Salem and
Bowdoin College and had for fellow students Longfellow
and Franklin Pierce . He wrote much . His greatest work
is “ The Scarlet Letter . Other books are Mosses from
an Old Manse , ‘ English Note-Books , " " The Marble
Faun , ” “ The House of the Seven Gables . " He was cus
tom -house weigher at Boston and surveyor of the Salem
custom house . He was consul to Liverpool , England ,, ap
pointed by his old college friend , Franklin Pierce . Haw
thorne was a man of striking appearance , handsome in
form and face , massive and symmetrical in brow .
6. What was the nature of the village master's work in
that day as portrayed in the Deserted Village ?
Ans .— Teaching according to the crude methods of his
day ; stern in discipline ; kind at heart , and doubtless doing
good of an enduring kind to the children under his charge .
7. What great life truth is taught in Snow Image ?
Ans .— The delusiveness and unsatisfactory character of
empty fame .
8. Describe what you consider the most beautiful passage
in Dickens ' description of the death of Paul Dombey .
Ang . — It is in the last scene ; his sister , Florence , sitting
by him , listening to his last words ; the father there too ,
sorrowing , but getting no response from the boy .
9. What , in McKinley's eulogy , is the strongest and best
thing said of Garfield ?
Ans .—For the applicant .
.
10. Quote a stanza from Old Ironsides . What in this
poem has endeared it to the American heart ?
Ans ( a ) For the applicant . ( b ) The appeal to the
patriotism of the people to preserve the old ship from de
struction , and the fact that the appeal was successful and
that “ old Ironsides " is now in Boston Harbor as an evi
dence of the fact .
STATE OF KANSAS 117
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What is the relation of geography to history ?
Ans . — It is impossible to learn history properly without
the aid of geography . Maps, political and relief , must al
ways be near the student of history .
2. Why was it that an imperial form of government under
Napoleon Bonaparte so closely followed the French republic
which terminated in 1799 %
Ans . Because when a nation goes to an extreme in gov .
ernment there will inevitably be a reaction . The dictator
ship of Napoleon naturally followed the excesses of the
French Revolution .
3. Explain the following terms : Bourbon , Absolutism ,
The Second Empire , Dreyfus Affair , The vastern Question .
Ans .-
( a) The term given to the tyrannical rule of the
Bourbons in France . The idea is contained in the well
known expression of Louis XIV
: “ I am the State . ”' ( b )
The empire of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , 1852-1870 . ( c )
Alfred Dreyfus , a Jewish captain of artillery in the French
army , was accused of selling military secrets to a foreign
power , and was convicted in a secret court . After having
been in prison five years he was pardoned , and in 1906
his sentence was annulled and he was restored to all his
rights and privileges . It was clearly a case of race preju
dice .
4. What causes led to the downfall of Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte ?
.--
Ans His defeat the Franco Prussian War and the

in
,
-
republican ideas
of
France
in
steady growth
.
Why are the following names made prominent his

in
5.
tory Garibaldi Cavour Gladstone

?
,
of he ,
:
Ans was the movement which

in
Because leader
a
. a
(
)
led the unification Italy Another leader Italy

to
in
b
, (
)
.
What Garibaldi was the army Cavour was council
in
in
He
.
was the prime minister The great British Liberal

b
(
)
.
of
leader the advocate home rule

,
Under what governments are the following named

6
.
countries Algeria Angola Anam Korea New Guinea

.-
( ?
,
) ,
. ( ,
( ( :
Ans France Portugal France

d
e a
c
b
)
.
)
) )
.
(
Japan Germany and Great Britain

.
Compare briefly Napoleon and Louis Napoleon

7.
.
—
Napoleon the greatest generals and

of
Ans was one

I
,
.
notwithstanding his insatiable ambition and tyrannical ways

,
Louis Na
of
the greatest statesmen

of
one the centuries

.
by
poleon was well named Victor Hugo Napoleon the

,
“
Little . ' He was the nephew of his uncle and not much
more can be said .
8. Why is the government of France today termed The
Third Republic ?
The First Republic was established
on
.--
of
Ans the ruins
the monarchy September 1848 and
in
1792 the Second
in
,
the Third
in
1870
.
What has been done since the beginning
of
the twen
9.
tieth century promote international peace
to
?
of
Ans An International Court Arbitration sits The
at
—
.
of
Hague and since 1900 has settled number disputes be
a
tween nations International conferences for the promotion
.
the peace
of
of
the world have been held
.
10. What kind of
maps would you use the teaching
of
in
modern history
?
Ans Political and relief maps large and small
,
-
.
.
.
What are the conditions for admission profes
to
1.
the
“
of
sion teaching
”
Ans year high

at
of
Education include
to
least
1
a
, ,
(
)
.
training
an A
and four years after 1917
in
school 1913
or .
diploma from normal school college university or
,
,
,
examination testing educational proficiency required for
, is
state certificate Fitness
to
teach determined
a
2
(
)
by
partly by adaptability manifested
in
partly examination
,
and partly
by
the preparatory training experience

,
3
(
)
by
.
Employment school authorities
.
2.
What are the relative advantages and disadvantages

pupils to recite the following ways
of
calling
on
in
in
show of hands
:
on by
rotation promiscuously class

If
of all ?
,
,
in
Ans pupils are called rotation have an

.
equal opportunity recite but the attention the class

so to
easily held Promiscuous calling on

as
whole not
is
a
pupils secures attention but there danger that some mem

is
,
the class may omitted When pupils are called

be
of
bers
by
.
on
encouraged but
of
show hands volunteer effort

is
the aggressive pupil likely be called on repeatedly

to
is
while the timid or retiring -pupil neglected

of is
.
be
Should the natural interests children encouraged

3.
Why
or
repressed
?
?
Ans The natural interests of children should be en

.
couraged The child's instinct often better guide than

is
a
.
the judgment Points of connection

an
older person
of
between the things

be
should which children

in
discovered
STATE OF KANSAS 119
are naturally interested and those things in which it is

desirable that their interest should be enlisted .
4. How may a teacher secure the attention of pupils to
things in which they are not interested ?
Ans . By showing the relation between such things and
the things in which the pupils are already interested .
5. How it is possible for a child to imagine scenes or
events in history ? Why is it important that he should ?
How may the teacher help ?
Ans . Imagination depends on previous experience , and
for this reason it is difficult for a child to imagine vividly
scenes and events in history . Such imagination is an aid
to interest and to the memory of important events . The
teacher may help by showing pictures and by reading or
narrating vivid descriptions , and when possible by show
ing pupils objects of historieal significance .
6. · What opportunity is there in school for the develop
ment of constructive imagination ?
Ans . In composition writing , drawing , paper folding
all
and cutting , and in exercises manual construction
in
.
Plays and games also and the solution puzzles
of
and the
,
,
,
contriving are publishedas children's
in
puzzles such
of
be
as
magazines may the development
of
aids con
in
used
,
structive imagination
.
he an
Why important that the child should have
is
7.
it
opportunity for the expression the knowledge which

of
acquires How may the teacher provide for this

?
?
Ans sure that the pupil has
be
The teacher can not

.
really acquired knowledge until there has been oppor
an
tunity for expression The effort made in expression one
is
of .
of
the surest means mental growth The learning process

.
not complete without both impression and expression
.
The teacher may provide for this
in
the recitation oral in

,
and written composition and allowing freedom for
in
,
action on the part

of
spontaneous the pupils

.
What provision made for the enforcement

of
8.
is
the
truancy law
?
each county and city

In
of
Ans the first and second

a .
class truancy officer appointed whose duty

is
to
it
see
is
,
that the compulsory attendance law enforced

is
Why does one person get more meaning than another

9.
from the study of any given paragraph

?
Ans One person gets more meaning than another from

.
given passage because his previous knowledge

of
the sub
a
is
ject matter
he
more complete because more interested

. is
,
or
in
because his attention more alert

it
is
,
10 . What is the relation of memory to the thinking pro

cess ? Can memory be cultivated profitably without refer
ence to thinking ? Give the reason for your answer .
Ans . Matter for thought is retained by memory . Suc
cessful cultivation of the memory depends largely on think
ing because things are remembered best when they are
thought of in their relation to other things .
STATE OF KANSAS 121
August 16 and 17 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
What is the value of mental arithmetic ? Of estimat

1.
ing results before solving problem ?
.--
Mental arithmetic trains the pupil
be
Ans
to
attentive
,
think clearly get results quickly and independent
be
in to
to
to
,
,
Estimating the result before solv
of
the use numbers

ing the problem trains the pupil
.
think his problem
be to
through and know just what He will then
is
to
to
done
is .
be
or
recognize the result
to
able whether reasonable

not and thus check his work .
Draw diagram illustrating principal meridian
2.
base
a
,
.Tp
.Tp
W.
E.
N.
line and mark
R.
R.
S.
and
,
,
2
,
,
.
-
receipted bill for the following yds

3.
yd18
Make out
a
30 .
yd
3.25 per yds lace cents per

62
75
.;
$ .;
silk
at
at
$
yd.
yds ribbon cents per doz prs gloves

85
at
.;
at
1.75
6
.
.
per pair
.
Topeka Kan Aug.
23
1912
,
,
.,
.
MR JOHN H. HAMMOND
.
of
Bought WRIGHT Co.

&
yd Silk
18
3.25 58 50
$
$
.
yd
62
Lace 750 46 50
.yd.
30
Ribbons 850 25 50
doz prs Gloves 1.75 126 00

$
6
256 50
$
Received payment
.
WRIGHT Co.
&
4. A boy wishes to make a box 3 feet long , 11 feet wide

and 1 foot deep . What is cost of the lumber at 21 centis
a square foot, surface measure , including cover ?
Solution.
3 X 1 X 2 6 = No. sq . ft. in two sides .
3 X 32 X 2 9 = No. sq. ft . in top and bottom .
32 X 1 X 2 = 3 = No. sq . ft . in two ends .
6 + 9 + 3 = 18 = No. sq . ft . in entire surface .
18 X $ .021 = $ .45 cost of the lumber ,
5. A man marks an article $ 1.60 and sells it at a dis
count of 25 per cent from the marked price. If the article
cost him $ 1.05 , what is his gain per cent ?
Solution.
.25 X $ 1.60 = $ .40 = the discount .
$ 1.20 -
$ 1.60 — $ .40 = $ 1.20 the selling price .
$1.05 = $.15 = the gain .
$ .15 : $ 1.05 = .1444 = 1444 % = gain per cent.
6. ( a ) Name several kinds of objective material , which
may be used in first and second years . ( b ) Name some
denominate units which should be used in the same grades.
Ans .— ( a ) Sticks , corn , buttons , toy money , pictures cut
from advertising columns of magazines and pasted on
cards grouping the pictures to represent the number com
binations , and cards with colored_dots to represent the
number combinations desired . ( b ) Inch , foot , yard ; quart ,
pint ; cent, nickel , dime ..
7. Write a promissory note - principal , $ 650 ; time, 3
years 6 months ; rate , 6 per cent . Find interest and amount .
Solution .
$ 650 Topeka , Kan ., Aug. 23 , 1912 .
six
Three years and months after date for value received

,
,
promise pay Smith or order Six Hun

H.
to
William
to
I
dred Fifty Dollars with interest six per cent per annum
at
,
JOHN W. JONES
.
.
3 yr
Int on
. at
for
%
mo . 21
$
of $ $
1
.yr6
. at 6
.
.
.21 = 136.50
on
Int 650 for

6 %
650
X
mo
$
$
.yr6
at 6
.
Amt 650 for

+
%
mo 650 136.50
$
$
$ .
786.50
.
be
yield
at U.
How much money

8.
invested 2's
in
8.
must
to
quarterly income 225 bonds selling

of
1084 broker
$
a
age
f?
Solution.
225 quarterly 900 annually
is
$
. .
Each share yields annually Hence will take 450

it
$
2
yield 900 annually

to
shares
$
.
STATE OF KANSAS 123
$ 1081 + $ } = $ 1083 cost of 1 share .

450 X $ 108 } = $ 48,993.75 - amount invested .
9. Discuss the advisability of the teacher solving a con
crete problem on the blackboard as a helpful step prelim
inary to a new process .
Ans . — The beginning of a new process can be made the
occasion for som very effective teaching . The teacher and
pupils should go over the preliminary steps together, the
teacher's part being to supplement the pupils ' efforts and
to clear up the difficult points. A concrete problem , illus
trative of the process , should be solved before the class , but
the teacher should allow the class to contribute as much as
they can .
10. Find difference between volume of a cylinder whose
diameter and height are each 12 inches, and the volume of
a sphere whose diameter is the same .
Solution.
Vol . of a cylinder 3.1416 X R2 X H , where R the
radius of the base and H the height . Substituting the
given values of R and H we have
Vol . of the cylinder - 3.1416 X 36 X 12
1357.1712 cu . in .
The volume of a sphere is equivalent to two -thirds the vol
ume of the circumscribed cylinder . Hence volume of the
cylinder must exceed the volume of the sphere by the vol
ume of the cylinder . } of 1357.1712 cu . in . 452.3904 cu .
in . the difference between the volume of the cylinder and
the volume of the sphere .
ALGEBRA .
1. ( a ) What is the law of signs in multiplication ? (6)
Why is checking important ?
Ans .- ( a) Like signs of multiplicand and multiplier give
a positive product ; unlike signs give a negative product.
( 0 ) Checking determines the accuracy of the result . In an
equation checking shows that the number is a root .
2.If a = 6 , b = 4 , c = 3 , d = 2 , and e= 1, evaluate the fol
lowing : 62–46 +4 ; 5ac2 ---- 2d +bd2e ;
ad a2
+
bc
e
Solution.
62—46 + 4 = 16—16 +4 = 4
c2d
- 5X6X9 9X2 4X4X1

---
5ac2 bd2e
+
==
+
31
16
=
15
+
.
ad с a2 6X2 3 36
+ +
b e bc 4 1 4X3
3 + 3 3 = 3.
3. What are the symbols of aggregation ? How removed ?

Why ?
Ans. — Symbols of aggregation are the parenthesis , the
brace , and the bracket . They indicate that the expression
included is to be regarded as a single number . If the num
ber expression is preceded by the positive sign , the symbols
of aggregation may be dropped and each term of the ex
pression retains its original sign. If the number expres
sion is preceded by the negative sign, the symbols of aggre
gation may be dropped and each term of the expression
the first case
its
equiva
to In
sign changed
, is
should have
it
adding the expression .
no
lent whatever precedes and
to
of
sign required equiva

is
change the second case

In
it
is
.
subtracting the expression accomplished

to
lent and this
is
its ,
by
adding the subtrahend with sign changed
to
the min
.
uend
.
The length rectangle yards greater than 26

of
1
4.
is
a
a
(
)
the perimeter 432 yards find the dimen

If
the width
is
,
.
How may one equation
be
sions Check results de
.
b
(
)
.
rived from another

?
Solution.
Let = No.
of
yds wide
3
yds long
2 26
of
Then
+
No.
(x x
yds
in 3 of 26
the perimeter
of
+
No.
in
and
=+
2
But 432 No. yards the perimeter

in
,
26
=
ac
+
Therefore 432
1
2
(
)
(
Multiplying out left member

=
+
+
230 2x 52 432
2
(
)
Transposing and collecting terms

4x = 380
3
(
)
X by
Dividing
4
= 95
yds and the length
95
95
yds
+
Therefore the width

is
is
.
.
26
or
yds 121 yds

.
121 yds
The length
+ 26
CHECK yds more than the

is
95 :
95 .,
,
yds
And 95 yds yds 121 yds 121 yds
+
width
,
.
or .
432 yds the perimeter

.
be .
An equation may changed into another equation

b
(
)
such that the unknown which satisfies one will

of
value
a
by
satisfy the other any one the following changes

of
,
:
STATE OF KANSAS 125
Adding the same number to both members .

Subtracting the same number from both members .
Multiplying both members by the same number ,
Dividing both members by the same number .
By changing either member in any way , which does not
alter its value .
7342 2x + 5 11x +3
5x + 3 3x +9 15x +9
(1)
Solution .
2.0
+
7x - 2 +5 116
3
+
5x 3x +9 15x
+
3
9
by
Multiplying
3 5x
+
) +
3
( 3
( 3
— x
) (
5x )(
2x )
78—2
( +
+
3
3
x
(x
(
)
(
)
+
11x
2
3
)
(
)
Multiplying out
in
both members
—
21x2 57x 18—10x2—312—15 11x2 36x

+
+
9
3
(
)
Transposing
18
15
21.02—10x2—11x2 572—312—36x
+
+
9
4
(
)
Collecting terms
-10x = 42
5
(
)
Dividing by —10
_4210 —21
=
=
x
CHECK
:
147 41 231
+3
+
2
5
5-
5
5
105 63 315
+9 +9
3
5
-10 42
25
15
147
+
231
-
105
15
45
+
-63 45 315
+
-
157 17- 216

18
90 270
157 — 85 72
=
90 90
72 72
90 90
6. How do you explain negative numbers to a beginner's

class in algebra ?
Ans . - By using easy problems involving gain and loss ,
rise and fall , assets and liabilities , and distance measured in
opposite directions the opposite qualities of numbers is
shown . It is shown that any answer in problems of this
character is not complete unless the answer indicates which
of the two opposite qualities belongs to the number . In
this way it is shown that the negative number has the nature
of being opposite to a positive number , and in order to
distinguish it from a positive number some mark is needed .
Hence the minus sign is used to indicate a negative number .
7. Solve by factoring : 322—25x + 28 = 0. Why may the

factors be equated to zero ?
Solution.
3x2—25x + 8= 0 ( 1)
Factoring the left member
( 2—8 ) ( 3x - 1) = 0 ( 2)
Now , since the product is zero , one of the factors must be
zero .
If 6-8 = 0
x=8.
If 3x - 1= 0
3x = 1
and x = $.
3 5 2
Find
8. the sum :
20 -4 6x — 12 3x + 6
Solution.
3 5 2
C
2.C 6. — 12 33 + 6
3 5 2
203 — 2 ) - +
- - -
6 (x 2) 3 (3 2)
9.6 + 18 53 10 4. + 8
6 (x - 2) (x + 2)
1
STATE OF KANSAS 127
16 8
6( 2-2 ) ( a + 2 ) 3 (x2 —4 )
9. ( a ) If from the square
of a certain number twice the
number be taken , the remainder is 35. Find the number .
Check results . (b ) A rectangle is four times as long as it
is wide and contains 900 square feet . Find dimensions.
Check results .
Solution.— .
(a) Let x = the number .
Then from the conditions of the problem
32 2x 35 ( 1)
Completing the square in left member
x2 23 + 1 = 36 ( 2)
Taking the square root of each member
2—1 = + 6
x1 =+6+ 1
= 7 or -5 .
Therefore the required number is 7 or 5.
CHECK : 72—14 = 35
(
( b ) · Let a
-5 No.
=
)2 -- ( 10 )
of feet wide
= 25 + 10 = 35 .
Then 4x = No. of feet long

And 4x2 No. of square feet in area ,
But 900 No. of square feet in area ,
Therefore 4x2 900 ( 1)
Taking the square root of both members
2x + 30
Dividing by 2
20= + 15 , and 4x = +60
Therefore the dimensions of the rectangle are 15 feet
wide and 60 feet long . The negative values are inadmissable
in this problem .
CHECK : The length , 60 ft ., is four times the width , 15 ft.
These dimensions also meet the condition that the area shall
be 900 sq . ft .
2x + 5y = 10 .
43 3y = 12 .
Solution :
23 + 5y = 10 ( 1)
4x 3y = 12
Multiply ( 1) by 2
4x + 10 = 20 (3)
- 134 8 (4)
Divide ( 4 ) by 13
y = 813
Multiply ( 1) by 3 and ( 2 ) by 5
6x + 15y = 30 (6)
20x — 15y = 60 (7 )
Add ( 6 ) and ( 7 )
26x = 90 (8)
Divide ( 8 ) by 26
9026 = 4513.
CHECK :
Substituting values of x and y in ( 1)
90 40
+ 10
13 13
130
= 10
13
10 10
Substituting values of x and y in ( 2 )

180 24
12
13 13
156
: 12
13
12 = 12 .
GEOGRAPHY .
1. Compare the work of wind and water in the trans
portation of soil .
Ans .— Soil is carried off slopes and into streams by the
continuous action of water . The Mississippi River , for in
of
all
stance , is constantly carrying soil in parts

its
course
by
.
is
Winds are the agents which moisture distributed over

the earth The winds bear the vapor distant places and
to
,
.
on
this condensed into rain falls dry places and sets soil
,
motion Wind also wears away rocks and the rocks are
in
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 129
changed into soil . The wind , too , lifts loose soil into the
air and carries it to distant places .
2. What part of the work in geography should be map
drawing ? Compare maps and pictures as to purpose and
value .
Ans .— The study of direction can be begun in the third
grade through maps of the school house and school grounds .
In
all
all
the grades maps
of
kinds outline and and relief
will
,
be needed
.
The purpose of
pictures and maps give the pupil
to
is
the subject and by the laws
of
of
clearer views association
,
enable him remember better what he reads Stereo
to
to
.
graphs used geography would give children much better
in
,
,
be
pictures peoples costumes and environments than can
of
,
learned from any print
.
Why shouid home geography receive much attention
3.
?
Tabulate things be your school district
to
observed
in
a .
on
Ans .— Because the district the world small
is
) a
, b (
)
scale Streams watersheds hills lakes vapor soil

,
, ,
.
,
(
formation transportation products plant life animals

,
.
In
making study of food clothing and shelter what

4.
,
a
,
would you consider under each heading
?
.
Ans Foods produced the reighborhood in how

a
;
(
)
produced and made ready for the table Similarly treat
,
,
of
foods from other places Trace the forming the
b
(
)
.
clothing from the raw materials Illus

of
different kinds
.
trations shearing sheep spinning weaving
of
Wool
;
,
:
.
The various materials used in building shelter such
,
as c
(
)
stone lime wood cement nails etc.

,
,
,
,
the growth
. 5.
of
to
State five conditions favorable
a
city
as
of
Locate five cities that serve illustrations these
conditions
.-
( .
on
good sea har

or
of
Ans Mouth river river

a
;
)
bor fertility of surrounding country center

. of
distribu
;
;
tion for products outlet for manufactured products

;
London New York Chicago Kansas City Boston

;
, 6. (b
;
;
to .
)
the world's great river systems

of
as
Compare five
size products and population
.
Ans Amazon basin area 2,500,000 square miles

—
Size
,
;
,
:
.
Missouri Mississippi 1,257,000 Nile 1,273,000 Congo

;
,
1
;
,
200,000 Plata 1,200,000

;
Products Amazon Peruvian Bark Rubber Cacao

,
,
:
Missouri Mississippi Corn wheat cattle

,
,
-
Nile Cotton rice

,
.
,
oil
Congo Rubber ivory palm gum

,
,
Plata Cattle sheep and their products

,
.
7. Make a map of your county .. Show the vegetable ,

animal and mineral products of the county on this map .
8. Give the approximate latitude and longitude of
Australia .
Asn .— Northermost point , 11 degs . S .; southermost point ,
39 degs . S. Longitudes , 113 degs. to 153 degs . E.
9. What products does the United States receive from
Mexico ? From Canada ?
Ans .— ( a ) Minerals , fiber and coffee . ( b ) Barley , cheese ,
eggs , fish , wheat, lumber , pulp .
10. Write about the commercial importance of any of
these topics : oysters , seals , salmon , reindeer.
Ands .- (a ) Extensively used for food . (b ) Skin of
great value . ( c ) Shipped in canned form to many places .
( d ) Meat and hides used in commerce .
1, Give five good reasons for the study of history .
Ans . — To show how the human race has developed from
brutal savagery to civilized living ; to train the mind by
learning lessons from the past ; to become acquainted with
the causes and events which have made our own country
great ; to help in training children for good citizenship ; to
cultivate patriotism .
2. Discuss the Sherman Anti - Trust Act .
Ans .— So named because Senator John Sherman was the
author of the Act . The substance of the Act is that it
prohibits combinations in restraint of trade among the
States . A number of corporations have been prosecuted
under the Sherman Act , especially in the last few years.
( See Answer 10 , U. S. History , September edition W. S. J. )
3. Give the work for which each of the following are best
remembered : Robert Morris , Patrick Henry , James Otis ,
John Hancock , Daniel Boone, Stephen A. Douglas , Henry
Clay , Thomas Jefferson , Alexander Hamilton , John Smith .
Ans .— ( a ) Helped the Revolutionary cause with large
advances of money . ( b ) Prominent on the Colonial side ,
in the agitation which preceded the Revolution . (c) A
noted American statesman and writer of the Revolutionary
period . ( d ) Signer of the Declaration of Independence .
(e ) Noted pioneer in Kentucky in Colonial days . (f )
Author of the Kansas -Nebraska Bill ; U. S. Senator from
Illinois . ( g ) Prominent Whig statesman from Kentucky ,
chief designer of Missouri compromise and of the com
promise of 1850 . (h) Third president of the United
STATE OF KANSAS 131
States , writer Declaration of Independence. ( i ) Laid

of
the foundation of our national financial system . ( j) Con .
nected as leader with the first settlements in Virginia .
4. Discuss the best methods of using biography in iea : h
ing history .
Ans . The names in Answer 3 suggest the answer to this
question . A biography of each person named would be of
great value to every student of history .
5. Discuss the teaching of history in intermediate grades .
Ans. - Elementary histories should be used , and good
biographies . Also pictures and maps .
6. Outline the important events in the Colonial history
of Virginia .
Ans . - Settlement in 1607. Struggle of the colonists with
Indians , famine , etc. Introduction of slavery . Election of
a House of Burgesses 1619 . Pacon's Rebellion . Final
struggle for freedom with the English government .
7. Trace the growth of self -government ideas in New
England .
Ans . - In self -government, New England didn't have so
its
far to go , for it had from the beginning through town
meetings large measure This led the
of
local control
a
.
way the greater freedom whicn came with the Revolution
to
.
Discuss the issues briefly the presidential campaign
of
8.
and election
of
1860
.
Ans There were four parties two

of
these Democratic
.—
,
,
representing popular sovereignty the other slavery with

on
out conditions The Constitutional Union party was
in
a
.
general way for the constitution The Republican party

.
be
its
platform that slavery must kept out
of
in
demanded
the territories
.
Briefly explain each the following topics and show

of
9.
how each tested the strength Whiskey

of
the Union
(a
)
:
insurrection Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

b
of ;
;
c
(
)
(
)
Ordinance nullification
.
Ans Western Pennsyl

of
rebellion distillers
in
A
.
a
(
)
They pay the tax their liquors

on
vania refused Wash

to
.
ington sent troops disturbance and speed

of
to
the centre
,
ily the rebels

subdued
.
Virginia and Ken

In
the legislatures
of
1798-99
b
(
,
)
tucky adopted resolutions declaring that the

of
series
a
Alien and Sedition laws were unconstitutional and that

,
to
the states should refuse obey when the Federal govern

ment exceeded its powers
.
convention held South Carolina declared the

in
A
c
(
)
by
be
tariff law enacted Congress null and void and the

to
,
legislature approved the action of the convention . President

Andrew Jackson speedily suppressed the nullification
movement and the nullifiers .
10. Briefly discuss the Panama Canal project , and
its
effect on American commerce
.
Ans rapidly approaching completion and
is
It
is
the
it
,
.
its
no on
in
purpose have the canal open As effect
to
1913.
to
great great
be
American commerce will very how
it
,
,
one can say now with any certainty But the canal will
.
enable American commerce expand indefinitely between
to
the States and with foreign countries
.
READING
by.
you understand child's vocabulary
do
What
1
.
?
When may word said be
belong person's vocab
to
to
a
a
A
ulary
?
all
Ang child's vocabulary consists
of
the words
.–
he
intelligently use word may properly
be
which can
A
.
he
belong person's vocabulary when
a
said under
to
to
its
meaning and uses appropriately oral
in
or
stands
it
written discourse
.
the phonetic method teaching reading

of
What
to
2
is
.
beginners Discuss its merits and defects comparison
in
?
with some other specific method

?
Ang.-- According the phonetic method the child first

to
is
taught sounds and the characters which represent them
,
Words are then
or
of
either letters combinations letters

.
by these elementary
of is or
as
learned represented characters

of
their combination The chief advantage this method

it .
to
the fact that key the pronunciation

in
furnishes
a a
words enabling child after little practice pronounce

to
a
,
sight
In
new words comparison with the word method

at
,
.
as
which words themselves are learned the elementary

in
units the phonetic method may regarded

be
as
somewhat
,
artificial and mechanical since the child taught arbi

is
,
in .
trarily many separate sounds like ight ing etc. which

,
,
themselves have no meaning

.
be
on
Should the child's attention fixed the form and

3.
the idea which the word represents

of
on
sound the word

,
Why
or
both
?
be
on
Ans — The child's attention should fixed the form

.
recognize readily
on of
hehe
the word that

so so
may learn
to
it
op ;
the sound that may pronounce properly and

it
;
an by
the meaning
of
order that the association

in
also form
,
sound and idea reading may intelligent process At

be
,
important
of
tention the form and the sound word

to
in
is
a
STATE OF KANSAS 133
order that the meaning may be clearly comprehended .

4. What is the relative importance of oral and silent
reading ? How may the pupil be trained in silent reading ?
-
How may he be tested in the latter ?
Ans . In silent reading the reader receives the thought
represented on the printed page into his own mind ; in
oral reading the thought is conveyed to others. The most
of one's reading is for the purpose of acquiring informa
tion or securing entertainment , while occasions for oral
reading are comparatively rare . Therefore silent reading
is the more important . Even in reading aloud the reading
of the mind must precede the reading of the voice . The
best way to train in silent reading is to provide a plentiful
supply of suitable and interesting . reading matter . By
skillful questioning on the subject matter the pupil may
be tested .
5. Define Time as applied to reading . Describe two
varieties and give appropriate illustrations , either quoted or
original .
Ans . — Time in reading relates to the speed or rapidity of
utterance . Two varieties are slow and rapid . Impressive
and elevated thoughts are properly expressed by a slow rate ,
e. g ., “ I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills , from whence
cometh my help . ' Sentences which portray excitement or
animation should be read more rapidly ; e. g., “ The brown
leaves dance over the lawn to the music of the autumn
wind . "
6. What is the relation of association as a mental process
to the process of oral reading ?
Ans. — In oral reading the visual image produced by the
sight of the words is associated with the auditory image
produced by their sound ; the muscular sensations in the
all
vocal apparatus are also connected ; and these images

of
and sensations are associated with the ideas which the words
represent By the laws association the sight
or
to of
the
of .
sound word brings the mind the idea which the

a
word represents This process applies also phrases and

to
.
as
as
well single words

beto
sentences
.
first time getting the

of
Which should order

in
7.
thought from the printed page oral expression

or
read
in
ing
be
How can this accomplished

?
?
no
—
real expression until the thought

be
Ans There can

.
has been transferred from the printed page the mind

to
correctly pronounced
In
although the words may

be
teach
.
well to give
to
ing young children opportunity

an
read
is
it
read silently before requiring oral reading

so
to
In
called
-
.
reading at sight the thought is quickly obtained through the

eye before the speech organs respond in reading . The eye
should be trained to precede the voice . In reading a familiar
passage the eye is well in advance , and by practice the dis
tance may be considerable even in sight reading :
8. (Before writing on this topic the papers already writ
ten should be handed to the examiner . The institute course
of study may them be used for reference . ) Prepare a list
of five questions on “ The Recessional ” suitable for use in
the recitation . Write answers to the same which you would
consider satisfactory from pupils .
.-
Ans
cept the last ? Ans
(
.-
( 1) What phrase occurs twice in each stanza ex
" Lest we forget .
2 ) What is the effect of this repetition Ans . im It
presses the thought that something important is likely to
be forgotten .
( 3) Mention four things named in the poem , one in each
,
of the first four stanzas which are not likely to be forgot
ten . Ans
Power .
.-
( 1 ) Dominion , ( 2 ) Captains , ( 3 ) Navies , ( 4 )
( 4 ) What in the poem shows the earnestness of the poet's

desire ? Ans . — The repeated appeal to God .
( 5 ) What is the one thing set forth in the poem which
all
we and people should not forget Ans That power
—
?
.
kelongs not man but
to
to
God
,
any other questions might

be
be
offered which would
(M
equally acceptable
)
.
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
Let each applicant spell the following words Circuit

1.
,
:
cereal serial innocent villain scarcity mischievous quo

,
,
, ,
tient initial conceit receipt league wrench seize statue

,
,
, ,
,
palatial siege tableau tacitly achieve deficit alienate

,
,
,
,
"
eulogy indelible given for each

be
of
Let credit two

a
(
,
word spelled correctly

)
.

.
of
an
Define each the following and give illustration

2.
of
each Digraph diphthong

;
.- :
group two consonants rer

or
of
Ans two vowels

A
a a
(
)
resenting simple speech sound

ea
th
or
as
in
in
head
,
bath International Dict

-
.
two vowels forming

of
or
coalition union com

A
b
, a
)
(
pound sound pronounced one syllable

ou
as
out
in
in
oi
in
,
oil International Dict

-
.
3. .
Give five root words and derivative from each

a
,
large locality remit deface

en
Ans Herb age

.--
,
-
.
STATE OF KANSAS 135
4. In what grades should the unabridged dictionary be

used .
Ans . — From the Fourth to the Eighth .
5. In what classes besides the spelling class can spelling
be taught ?
Ans . — In every class in the school .
PENMANSHIP .
1. Which will help the pupils the most , to point out excel
lencies or mistakes in their writing ? Why ?
Ans . - Excellencies . Because encouragement is more stim
ulating than censure .
2. When should pupils begin to use pen and ink ?
Ans . — Opinions differ. In the second grade .
3. What should be the character of the work at the end
of the fifth year ? Why ?
Ans . — To develop muscular control and to acquire the
readiness in writing which will soon be needed in the work
of life .
4. What is meant by an individuality in handwriting ?
Ans . - It matters not what system is taught , in the course
of years every individual gradually and unconsciously grows
into a handwriting which is peculiarly his own . He has
distinctive ways of making certain letters , and he acquires
all
Some go far
so
as
a slant his own say that character
to
.
read through one's handwriting

be
can
.
Describe the proper position while writing How may
5.
.
be made habitual
it
?
—
Ans Body erect feet flat upon the floor arms from
;
;
.
to
on
to
the elbow the hand the desk head not too close
;
the paper The position can by

be
made habitual constant

.
training and drill

.

.

of
1.
disease
is .
The bacterial origin of certain diseases well estab

a
lished fact tuberculosis patients both

of
Examination
.
before and after death discover the constant presence

of
,
the bacillus tuberculosis The injection disease producing

of
.
bacteria into healthy animals causes disease and death

.
When accidentally inoculated with such bacteria experi

mentors have contracted disease So there no doubt
is
.
that some diseases are caused by bacteria These bacteria

.
by
or
enter the system and injure kill their host produc

by
ing virulent poisons breaking down the tissues

of
or
important organs
.
2. Name the digestive fluids and give the function of

each .
(a) Saliva : inverts starch into grape sugar , moistens

and dissolves foods so they may be tasted and swallowed .
( b ) Gastric juice : changes proteids into an absorbable
form called peptone .
Pancreatic juice : changes proteids to peptone ;
starch to grape sugar ; fats to glycerine and acid :
(a) Bile : aids the pancreatic juice in the digestion of
fats , and serves as a preservative and laxative .
( e) Intestinal juice : changes cane sugar into grape
sugar .
( f ) Mucus : acts as a lubricator the entire length of the
food canal .
3. Describe and discuss nerve cells .
Ans . - A nerve cell or neurone consists of an irregular , a
pyramidal or a rounded cell body from which several more
or less branches extensions or “ processes ”' radiate . On the
basis of use the incoming processes are called dendrites
and the single outgoing process from each cell body is
called an axone . Dendrites and axones are called nerve
fibers, and when arranged in bundles are called nerves .
However , they are considered as parts of the nerve cells.
The beginnings of the dendrites are usually branched and
the terminals of the axones are also branched and inter
woven with the branches of the dendrites of the next nerve
cell in the chain . Stimuli such as pressure, light waves ,
sound waves , etc. , start nerve excitations which travel in
ward along the sensory nerves to cord and brain and oc
casion mental states called sensations . The mind sends
out motor excitations along the motor nerves occasioning
muscular motions . The whole nervous system including
brain , cord and nerves is composed of nerve cells .
4. Name at least two bulletins issued by the State Board
of Health , and tell what you learned from them .
Personal question for the applicant .
5. Give ten rules in regard to food and ventilation that
should be observed in the interest of good health .
1. Food should be well cooked and tastily served .
2. Cooking utensils should be kept in a clean and sani
tary condition .
3. No stale , soured or partially decomposed food should
be used by man .
4. A balanced ration consisting of one -sixth fats , one
sixth proteids , four -sixths carbohydrates should be served .
STATE OF KANSAS 137
5. Do not allow flies , roaches or mice to contaminate

the food .
6. Ventilate sleeping rooms at night or when occupied .

7. Living rooms should have a constant inlet of fresh
air .
8. Bedding should be aired every day and sunned once
in a week or two .
9. Cellars should be dry , free from decaying vegetables
and well ventilated .
10. While rooms are being swept and dusted the win
dows and doors should be thrown open to insure a brisk
circulation that will carry dust laden air out of doors .
6. Discuss the size , shape and reproduction of bacteria ;
also the means of bodily defense against their invasion .
( a) Variable , about one ten thousandths inch long and
one hundred thousandth inch wide .
(b ) Spherical , rodshaped , spiral .
( c3 By dividing transversely, and sometimes by forming
seed -like spores .
(d) By means of white corpuscles ; hydro chloric acid
in gastric juice ; and antitoxins made by the cells and
found in the blood plasma .
7. Describe a successful method of heating and ventilat
ing a one -room schoolhouse .
Have hot air furnace properly installed in basement ,
with intake of air both from schoolroom , and outside . Have
a window board six inches wide , one inch thick and as long
as the window is wide hinged to the lower part of each
lower window sash . To ventilate room raise lower sash
six inches so that the window board will hang below it to
window sill . This causes the fresh air to enter between
the sashes and pass upward to the ceiling , mixing with the
air
heated before reaching the pupils

.
muscular fatigue
of
Discuss the causes and effects

( ( 8.
Vigorous and long continued muscular exercise

b a
) )
.
of
Chemical destruction certain substances

in
the
muscles and nerves and the formation of certain wastes
fatigue poisons cause feelings
of
called weariness
e
,
”
i,
to .,
"
feelings less pain and disinclination

of
or
weakness more
,
effort
.
Discuss thoroughly the effects

of
9.
alcohol and tobacco

the body
of
on the cells
.
They are cell poisons dwarfing the growth

of
young
,
children and animals blunting the sensibility of nerve

,
causing the heart beat faster for time degenerat

to
cells
a
,
,
ing connective tissue cells and muscle cells into fat cells,
aid weakening the blood cells .
10. Make a drawing of the eye . Name and explain use
of the principal parts .
Drawing for applicant . The parts to be named are :
sclerotic coat ( tough supporting wall of eyeball ) ; choroid
coat ( to absorb light and prevent reflection ) ; retina ( to
contain endings of optic nerves ) ; cornea ( to admit light ) ;
aqueous and vitreous humors ( to fill eyeball and reflect
rays of light ) ; lens (to refract light to a focus ) : iris ( to
regulate amount of light entering eye ) ; ciliary muscles
( to adjust lens ) .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. What kinds of maps would you use in teaching the
history of Kansas ?
Ans . - Outline , relief and product maps .
2. For study purposes into what periods would you divide
Kansas history ?
Ans. — Exploration , the Indian country , territorial , state .
3. What books on Kansas have you read ?
4. Name the territorial governors.
Ans . - Andrew H. Reeder , Wilson Shannon , John W.
Geary , Robert J. Walker , James W. Denver , Samuel Medary .
5. How did Nehemiah Green become governor ?
Ans . - Governor Crawford resigned on November 4, 1868 ,
for the purpose of leading his regiment , the Nineteenth
Kansas Volunteer Cavalry , recently organized , against the
Indians . Green was lieutenant governor , and of course
became governor when Crawford resigned .
6. What important events in the history of Kansas are
associated with the following names : Osawatomie , Waka
rusa , Lawrence ?
Ans.— ( a) Free State emigrants settled there ; it later
was the base from which John Brown operated . (b)
Guerilla war on the Wakarusa between the Free State and
Pro -Slavery people . ( c ) Quantrill's raid , August 21 , 1863 .
7. How did the Missouri Compromise affect Kansas ?
Ans . — As it provided that slavery should be forever pro
all
territory except Missouri west the Missis

of
hibited in
,
sippi and north Kansas territory would

36
30
be
of
free
',
°
from slavery
.
Name two histories two novels and two poems written

8.
by Kansas men
or
women
in .
by
Ans Kansas
ex
the Sixties Governor

',
(a
“
.
-
1
STATE OF KANSAS 139
Crawford ; “ Civil War on the Border , " by Britton . ( 6 )

" The Crucifixion of Philip Strong , ” by Rev. Charles M.
Sheldon ; and “ A Certain Rich Man , ' by William Allen
White . (c) “ Opportunity , ” by Johạ J. Ingalls , and “ John
Brown , " by Eugene Ware .
9. Name the holidays that have been established by the
legislature of Kansas .
Ans . —Lincoln Day , Memorial Day , Labor Day , Columbus
Day .
10. Ifyou were writing the history of Kansas , where
would you look for material ?
Ans . - In every county and city ; in libraries , especially
the State Historical Library ; in family and other letters
and documents — in brief , wherever information concerning
the state could be found .
.
MUSIC .
How would you teach a scale song ? A rote song ?
1.
Ans ( a ) The same as any other . If children can read ,
let them read it . If song must be taught by rote , teach it
80, calling attention to regular ( scale ) succession of tones .
( b ) Sing song through a few ( not too many ) times , chil
dren listening . Sing single phrases , children imitate . When
phrases are learned , children sing entire song . If there is
a reed organ , and teacher can play, the melody played by
teacher while children sing whole song helps to keep up
pitch and movement , and at the same time permitting
teacher to listen to the singing . Teacher and children
should not sing together . Children are apt to imitate the
heavier voice of the teacher , and teacher can not hear
children well and sing at the same time . Where there is no
instrument the work may go slower , and frequent use of
the pitch -pipe will be necessary to keep children on the key .
2. How is pitch represented to the eye ? What are staff
degrees ?
Ans .-( a) By the staff. ( 6 ) Lines and spaces of staff .
3. Write on the treble staff the scale of A , with syllable
names beneath . Letter the lines and spaces of the bass
staff , using the bass clef sign .
4. Describe and represent four rhythmic types.
Ans . ( a) 1. One tone to one beat · ( notation , quarter
note ) . 2. Two tones of equal duration to one beat ( nota
tion , two eighth notes ) . 3. Four tones of equal duration to
one beat ( notation , four sixteenth notes ) . 4. A three -quarter
beat tone and a quarter beat tone , both to one beat ( nota
tion , a dotted eighth note and a sixteenth note ) . ( 6 ) For

the applicant .
5. What is a three -part song ? How would you teach it ?
Ans . - A song in three parts , the upper part of chief
melodic interest, the lower two parts secondary , ( b) If
school can read independently in parts , teach all parts at
once ; otherwise, one part at a time , then combine .
the following keys : E -flat , E ? Draw staff to represent
your answer .
Ans .— ( a ) For E - flat, two ways . 1. Sing down , do so mi ri
( ri is d -sharp , same as e - flat ) , change to do on last. 2. Sing
cas la , up to e- flat as do , or down la so me do . For E , sing
,
up do mi or down do so mi , change to do on mi pitch ( e).
( ) For the applicant .
.
7. Make the following characters : Sharp , flat , natural ,
and tell the effect of each .
Ans ( a ) For the applicant . (b) A sharp makes a staff
degree represent a haif -step higher pitch ; a flat makes a
staff degree represent a half - step lower pitch ; a natural
( “ cancel” is preferred as a name for this sign by many
teachers ) sets aside , nullifies , cancels the effect of a sharp
or flat upon a staff - degree , or a portion of it . The cancel
effect is temporary as regards a signature sharp or flat,
extending only to the first bar following the cancel , after
which the signature sign is again in force . Following a
sharp or flat accidental, the cancel effect is permanent.
(Occasionally a signature is displaced or changed during
the course of a composition by cancels grouped in signature
form . Such cancels are not accidentals , but permanent in
effect like signature signs . )
NOTE . — The natural -cancel controversy is something like
a half century old . Natural is the older term , in use for
generations if not centuries . Some forty or fifty years ago
H. R. Palmer , a teacher prominent in his day , suggested
that cancel be substituted for natural as the name of the
its
sign in question , because it better describes function

.
Many musicians approved and the Century and Standard

,
as
as as
dictionaries well musical works have recognized cancel

,
and natural synonymous terms

.
Define incidental music trio folk tune chorus

8.
,
a -
Ans Musie performed during play

or
recitation
a
.
(
)
A.
composition for three voices

or
instruments
A
c
(
0
)
.
(
)
tune originated among the people definite authorship un

,
known vocal composition for several voices Chorus

A
(d
)
be .
may for one part unison more parts

or
two three four

),
,
(
.
STATE OF KAYBAS 141
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What was the Code Napoleon ?
Ans . - A compilation of laws made under the direction of
Napoleon when he was First Consul. Five eminent jurists
worked on the Code from 1800 to 1804.
2. Give briefly the causes and results of the Franco
Prussian War of 1870-1871 .
Ans. - French jealousy of Prussia and the trend to union
in Germany . Total defeat of the French , the cession of
Alsace and half of Lorraine , and the payment of a war
indemnity of about $ 1,000,000,000 to Germany .
3. What was the East India Company ? Why did it lose
-
its power ?
Ans . It was an English company formed in 1613 for the
purpose of trading in India . It grew to be a vast corpora
tion , and governed the entire territory under the crown .
The terrible mutiny of 1857 revealed the weakness , inca
pacity and unscrupulousness of the company , and the gove
ernment of India was vested directly in the crown .
4. What were the causes and results of the Russo - Jap
anese War ?
Ans .— Encroachments by Russia on Japanese rights . De
feat of Russia on sea and land , the cession of Korea , half
of the Island of Sakhalin , and of Port Arthur to Japan ,
and the granting of certain rights to Japan in Manchuria .
5. What changes in forms of government
-
followed the
British - Boer War in South Africa ?
Ans . A union of the following -named colonies was
formed : Cape of Good Hope , Natal , the Transvaal , and
the Orange Free State. The name of the confederation is
Union of South Africa , and it has the same relation to the
British government as Canada.
6.
What causes led to the establishing of a republican
form of government in Portugal ?
Ans . - Continued misgovernment under the monarchy .
7. What changes were made recently in the powers of
the British House of Lords ?
Ans .— It can not now change or reject a money or revenue
bill which comes up from the House of Commons . If a
measure other than a money bill passes the Commons in
three successive sessions it is to become a law regardless
of any amendment by the Lords , if two years have passed
after the introduction of the bill into the House of Com
mons, and its passage for the third time by the Commons .
8. What progress has been made toward granting Home
Rule in Ireland ?
Ans . — A bill granting local self - government to Ireland is

now in progress in the House of
Commons and it is likely
to pass . What disposition the House of Lords may make
of the bill is unknown .
9. Why did the United States recently declare itself re
leased from the obligations of the Treaty of 1832 with
Russia ?
Ans. Because the Russian government refused to recog .
nize passports issued by the United States government to
citizens who were formerly Russian subjects .
10.
-
How would you use the school library teaching the
in
history
of
the world
?
Ans In
many ways would direct the members of
I
.
.
standard books popular histories
of
to
the class travel
,
all
sound fiction biographies and other books which des
,
readable way any part
of
cribed
in
the world
a
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
How would you use biography teaching civil gov
in
1.
ernment
of — ?
The biographies
of
Ans the men who made the Consti

.
tution the United States would give the pupils many

sidelights forming government and the biog
on
in of
the
,
a
raphy every person who our later history did impor

of
our government councils should

be
tant work
in
read
.
How would you teach children the relation the peo
of
2.
township city
or
ple the United States government

in
to
a
?
its
Ans simplest form

In
township government
.—
is
to bea
in
,
of ,
will easy to find ways showing the relation
of
and
it
the people the Federal government Illustrations Old

.
:
goldiers drawing their pensions the postoffice the vil
in
;
of
city the taking the sending is an

or
lage
of
the census
;
;
expert veterinary surgeon from Washington when there

or
an epidemic among horses cattle

a .
How long may the session Kansas legislature

of
be
3.
How much each member paid and for how many days
is
Ans Fifty days regular session and thirty days

in
a
,
(
)
.
special session Three dollars per day and mileage

in
)b
a
for the fifty

(
thirty days the case may

be
as
or
personal liberty
of
in
Name three guarantees the con

4.
of
stitution Kansas
.
imprisoned
be
Ans.- No for debt

in
person shall except

transported from the
of
be
no
fraud person shall

;
cases
state for any offense committed within the same excessive
;
required nor excessive fines imposed nor

be
bail shall not

,
,
cruel unusual punishment inflicted

or
.
STATE OF KANSAS 143
5. How would you use a tax receipt from the county

treasurer in teaching local government ?
Ans . —On the back of each tax receipt the levy for each
purpose is given . The teacher can show the necessity for
each tax and can explain how and by whom each is imposed .
6. What provision has the State of Kansas made for the
reforming of boys and girls who violate the state laws ?
; Ans . - It has established a Boys ' Industrial School near
Topeka ; a Girls ' Industrial School at Beloit ; a State Re
formatory at Hutchinson , and Juvenile Courts in the coun
ties .
7. What is the salary of the President of the United
States ? Of members of the United States House of Rep
resentatives ? Of United States Senators ?
Ans . ( a ) $ 75,000, and an allowance of $ 25,000 for trav
eling expenses . (6 ) $7,500 , twenty cents for mileage , and
$ 125 per year for stationery . ( c ) The same .
8. Explain postal deficit , parcels post , postal savings
bank .
Ans . ( a ) When the expenditures of the General Post
office exceed the receipts . ( b ) The sending by mail of
packages limited to a maximum weight of eleven pounds.
the
( c ) A bank operated by
of
government the United
of
štates for the benefit small depositors
.
Why was the constitution 1787 substituted for the
of
9.
of
Articles Confederation
in ?
Ans every way stronger basis for

—
Because
it
was
a
.
government The Articles were truly termed rope of

.
a
sand The constitution gave the unity and stability which "
"
.
come from strong central government

a
10. Give the difference between direct and an indirect

a
tax and give illustrations

,
Ans direct tax paid directly the representative

to
is
-
.
duty on
an
importer pays
of
as
the government when

a
,
by
imported goods This direct tax when paid

is
the
a
.
importer but becomes indirect when the consumer who

it
,
buys the goods importer pays price goods

of
of
the the the

plus the duty
.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

.
Outline and illustrate plan for developing

1
lan
a
a
.
guage lesson for the third grade

.
Ans Some words mean one and some mean more than
( .
Tell which these words mean single things only

of
one
1
)
.
Dogs dog house houses tables table Tell those that

(2
,
3 ,
)
.
mean more than one thing What letter

to
added
is
(
)
.
table to make it mean more than one ? ( 4) How is houses

changed to make it mean only one ( 5 ) How are names
changed that mean one thing so that they mean more than
one ? A word to mean only one thing is called singular . A
word used to mean more than one is called plural . Spell the
plural of lamp , boy , hat, etc.
2. Name six expressions commonly used by pupils which
violate the laws of grammar .
Ans .-
( 1 ) “ Ho don't , ” for “ He doesn't . ' 2 ) “ I seen
him , ” for “ I saw him . " (3) * Hand me them books, ”
for “ Hand me those books. ' i ( 4 ) " John has came , " for
( 6 ) " Set still , ” for “
Sit
“ John has come . still
."
of
do
How you correct the errors speech mentioned
in
3.
question number two Be specific and clear your an
in
?
swer
.
Ans Place on the blackboard sentences which blanks
in
—
.
Have pupils write sentences

be
of
filled their own
to
are
.
illustrating the correct use Let the pupils keep

of
words
.
mistakes they hear during the day
of
list recitations
in
or a
,
the grammar lesson
of
and
at
at
other times the close

,
few minutes discuss and correct them

to
take
a
) .
Define and illustrate infinitive participle
) 4.
b
a
of (e ,
,
(
)
(
:
relative adverb relative pronoun antecedent

d
,
c
,
(
(
)
.
Ans .— The infinitive that form the verb which
is
a
(
)
expresses action without affirming The boy wants
to
it
"
.
verb par
.”go
participle word derived from

is
A
of b
of a
a
(
)
taking the properties adjective an
, or
is to A of
verb and
a
noun Avoid doing wrong relative adverb

a
is "
.
c
(
)
.
the conjunctive adverb used join adjective

an
so
called
to ,
clause the dependent clause This the house where

“
.
John lives relative pronoun relates some pre

itsA
a to
d
.
'
(
)
ceding word called antecedent and connects modifying

clause The girl who was sick now well The
is
.
e
.”
"
)
it (
pronoun the word for which

of
antecedent stands
a
is
John has lost his book

of ”
“
words into parts

of
5.
What classification
is
the basis
speech
of
Words are classified into parts speech with ref

of
Ans
to —
.
erence their meaning and use

.
When should the study formal grammar begin Give

of
6.
reason for your answer

.
of—
Ans About the sixth grade The child has had five
.
years language training and has reached stage men

of
a
tal
development which fits him for beginning the study

in of
formal grammar Experience has shown that children

.
this grade can comprehend the elementary rules and defini

STATE OF KANSAS 145
tions of grammar as well as perform the more simple pro

cesses of parsing , analyzing , and diagraming .
7. Show briefly how you would develop inductively the
idea of a verb .
Ans . — Certain words are used to express action , being , or
state . Select the words in the following sentences that ex
press action : The girl sings . The river flows to the sea .
Boys jump high . Words that express action are called
verbs. Supply verbs for these nouns : Bears The
horses Kites Supply nouns for these verbs :
leap . dives . crawl . Select verbs from
reading lesson .
8. Parse the italicized words in the following :
all
“ Of the myriad moods
of
mind
That through the soul come thronging
,
so
What one was e'er
so
dear kind
,
longing
.-
” So
as
beautiful
?
'
'
Of
Ans preposition and shows the relation be

is
a
"
tween one and moods Myriad definitive
is
a
.”
"
"
"
”
be “
adjective indefinite cannot compared and modifies
,
,
moods That’i relative pronoun neuter gender
is
“
,
"
'.
,
its
third person and plural number
to
agree with ante
;
,
of .
the subject
as
cedent moods nominative case used
;
. ?
,
“
" , an ,
'
the verb come Come irregular intransitive

"
is
, “
,
verb indicative mode present tense third person and plural
,
subject Thronging
its
number agree with that

to
."
,
"
”
regular intransitive verb present participle has
is
it
,
a
;
,
adjective and modifies the pronoun

an
of
the construction
that adjective pronoun neuter gender
an
One
is
"
.
''
,
‘
third person and singular number to agree with

its
ante
,
nominative case subject

of
cedent mood the verb

” ;
“
,
' , '
E’er an adverb of
is
was
of
is
contraction ever
.”
“
"
,
“
time and modifies the verb was Beautiful is

a
”
"
)
.
descriptive adjective positive degree compared beauti

,
"
ful more beautiful most beautiful modifies

,
;
,
'
”
“
Longing
,
one regular intransitive verb present

.'
is
a
,
”
is ,
; "
participle
as
of
has the construction noun and used

it
the subject
of
the verb understood

is
“
,
''
Analyze
or
diagram
9.
The thing we long for that we are

“
For one transcendent moment

,
Until the Present poor and bare

,
Can make its sneering comment

'
.
Ans complex declarative sentence We

—
This
is
byis is
a
"
” "
.
the subject the independent

; of
clause and are that

,
is “
the predicate are the predicate verb modified

, ”
,
"
for
of
the adverbial phrase , “ one transcendent moment
, ”
which moment its basis modified by the adjectives
is
',
,
"
transcendent are further modified
is
one and
;
”
”
"
, "
)
by the adverbial clause
'
Until the Present poor
of
time
,
“
un
; its
of
and bare can make sneering comment which
”,
,
“
its
bytil subject modified
is
Present
is
the connective
,
“
”
band
by is
the adjectives poor and bare the
'
“ “
”
“ “
” ”
connective between poor and bare can make
',
;
; is ”
“
of
the predicate the adverbial clause modified the
,
noun the objective case
in
is
comment comment
”
"
"
modified by the pronoun
its
and the participle sneer
, ”
"
ing the predicate pronoun independent
of
that
,
modified by thing
, ;
is"
"
,
noun apposition
” in
clause
;
'
by"
'
thing modified the adjective the and by the
is
,
”
“
"
adjective clause long for which , we
of
which we
is
,
”, is ”
"
"
"
the subject long its predicate modified by for
is “
;
“
an
which adverbial phrase which understood also

,
,
"
the connective
.
10.
Exemplify
as
phrases
of
form
to
classes
b
a
,
(
)
(
)
:
as to use
.
( —
Ans With respect form phrases are preposi

to
( ( ) a
,
, .
)
tional infinitive and participial The man
b
a
c
,
.
)
(
)
(
lives town The boy wants to.go home Having
in
c
.
.
(
, )
)
he
written the letter
to
mailed With respect use
it
) ,
(
.
phrases are adjective adverb and noun
a
(
,
,
b
(a
c
)
(
of )
. ) )
.
He man This flower grew the gar
in
is
wealth
c a
(6
.
To see
to
is
den believe
)
(
.
ENGLISH LITERATURE
.
of
Summarize the traits character shown Abraham

in
1.
given
as
Lincoln The Perfect Tribute

in
Patience kindness consideration for the rights

of
Ans
—
,
.
others charity for the living mental strength forgiving

a
,
, ,
spirit intense patriotism

.
How do you encourage pupils avoid trashy reading

1
to
2.
?
to
Ans By directing them better reading lending them

—
;
.
by
my private library helping

of
and estab
to
books out
;
lish school library and by showing the debasing effects

;
a
bad reading
on
of
the mind
.
Discuss the practical value

be
to
derived from the

3
.
study
of
literature
.
–
Ang Fills the mind with noble thoughts enriching one's

,
.
vocabulary improving one's style coming contact with

, in
;
strong minds giving one wide information

a
;
What earned for Garfield his most enduring fame

4.
Ans.His work as statesman when he was the House

in
a
STATE OF KANSAS 147
of Representatives , in the United States Senate , and when

he was President ; also his bravery in the Civil War .
5. Describe what appears to you the most beautiful
passage in the description of the Death of Paul Dombey .
Ans .— See Answer 6 in English Literature in WESTERN
SCHOOL JOURNAL , August , 1912 .
6. Tell the origin of the story in “ Snow Image , ' ' and
the great life lesson taught by it .
Ans.- ( a ) Thought to be based upon an incident in the
lives of Hawthorne's two elder children , six and eight
years of age . ( b ) See Answer 10 in English Literature ,
September , 1912, number WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL .
7. What great lesson would Goldsmith have poetry teach ?
Ans . - See Answer 10 in English Literature , August , 1912 ,
number of the WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL .
8. Contrast Lincoln and Everett as to early advantages
-
and as orators .
Ans . Everett had every educational means within his
reach when he was a boy ; he was a graduate of Harvard ,
studied two years at Gottingen , travelled extensively . Lin
coln had no early advantages worth mentioning . He had
a little schooling in the crude schools of the backwoods , but
he largely educated himself by reading and study .
9. What do you consider the best thought in Lincoln's
address ? Why ?
Ans.- " That this nation , under God , shall have a new
birth of freedom , and that government of the people , by
the people , and for the people , shall not perish from the
earth . '
;
Because the struggle of which Gettysburg was a
part was for human freedom .
10. Which classic studied this year do you enjoy most ?
Why ?

1. Name three particulars in which a teacher may be
helped by attendance at the normal institute .
Ans .— First , by the earnest study for which the institute
gives opportunity ; second , by the effort which every teacher
should make to contribute to the profit of all members of
,
the institute ; third by the information and inspiration
which may be gained from instructors and associates . At
tendance at the institute should help the teacher to a bettei
understanding of the fundamental principles of the pro
fession of teaching ; many practical suggestions on the de
tails of administration may be received ; and encourage .
ment may be derived from association with fellow workers .

2. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of
the topic method of conducting a recitation as compared
with the question and answer method ?
Ang .— In the topic method the responsibility for covering
the lesson thoroughly rests somewhat more with the pupil ,
while the question and answer method leaves the responsi
bility with the teacher . The topic method requires more
thorough preparation of the lesson on the part of the pupil.
With immature pupils , however , wise questioning by the
teacher is a necessary aid to the pupil's understanding .
Neither method should be used exclusively.
3. Is it proper for the teacher to attempt to substitute
2 artificial interests for the natural interests of the child ?
If so , under what circumstances and with what purpose ?
Ans .— The natural interests of the child should not be
unduly repressed ; but artificial interests may be tactfully
substituted for the purpose of introducing the child to im
portant things with which he has had no previous acquaint
ance . In this way the range of knowledge and experience
is extended .
4. For how long a time is it reasonable for a teacher to
require " undivided ' attention to a single subject ? What
is the reason for your answer ?
Ans. — For a few seconds only . Experiments show that
it is impossible to hold the attention to a single object for
a longer time unless some variation in the subject is intro
duced .
5. To what range of subjects is a child's thinking lim
ited ? What , therefore , should be the teacher's effort in a
child's education ?
Ans . — Neither a child nor an adult can think , strictly
speaking , of subjects which have not in some manner en
tered into his experience . Therefore the teacher should
endeavor to enlarge the child's experience .
6. In your own experience what images are more vivid ,
those of hearing or those of seeing ? Describe as clearly
as you can one of your mental images .
Ans . In the writer's experience the images of sound are
more vivid than those of sight . As I think of an absent
friend , I can picture to my mind the sound of his voice
more clearly than the form and expression of his face. When
I think of Niagara it is the roaring rather than the falling
water which forms my mental picture .
7. What are the relative advantages of oral teaching and
STATE OF KANSAS 149
teaching where pupils are required to prepare their lessons

from textbooks ?
Ans .— Oral teaching permits greater freedom , and if the
teacher is thoroughly informed , gives greater authority to
the teacher than to the textbook . The danger in oral teach :
ing is that it may become indefinite and unsystematic. The
by
own fluency for understanding
his
teacher may mistake
the pupil and may fail really Before the pupii
so
to
teach
is .
the ability the only possible
to
gain read oral teaching
,
' ; ,
way and always the teacher's voice his chief instrument
is
ap.
To what extent the teacher responsible for the
8.
is
pearance of the school room
?
Ans the teacher's duty
It see that the room
to
is
is
.
clean and tidy appearance that the furniture properly

in
is
,
ef
arranged books and materials order pictures hung
in
, ,
,
fectively window shades properly adjusted hats and wraps
all
placed where they belong waste paper and refuse
of
If
,
kinds placed suitable receptacles the teacher has
in
.
be
will
in
good taste the appearance
of
evident the school
it
,
appointments its
room however modest
,
be
Describe some illustration child may
to
9.
show how
a
taught has gained
he
use the knowledge which
to
.
-
writing
In
letter the pupil has opportunity
an
Ans
a
.
has gained
of to
he
use the information which his study
in
history geography science etc. subject matter
ho
as
of ,
;
,
,
his
uses knowledge spelling grammar and penmanship

; ,
the composition the letter knowledge ,

is of in
of
of
the functions
the government the postal department
as
illustrated
in
,
,
in in
applied mailing Map drawing from memory com
,
.
putations arithmetic drawing experimental work
in
,
agriculture and science are other illustrations

,
? to to
be
of
10. What should the attitude

(
the teacher
a
)
How should the pupil taught

be
ward the textbooks

b
?
)
(
regard statements found

In
in
the textbook newspapers

?
In general reading
?
.—
of
Ans The attitude the teacher towards the text

a
(
)
of
be
that respect but not

of
book should slavish observance

.
Too free criticism destroy the pupil's

of
the book tends

to
by
confidence
in
regarded
be
The book should

it
the
.
teacher as useful tool but not substitute for teach

as
a
a
ing pupil taught regard

be
The the state

to
should
inb
.
(
)
as
ments textbooks authoritative but not infallible nor

,
only possible way stating

as
to of
the the same fact prop

in or
osition He should learn regard the statements news

.
papers with discrimination knowing that being often hastily

,
prepared there possibility error In general reading

of
is
a
.
a distinction should be made between statements for which

the author assumes the responsibility and those which are
made on the authority of some other person or some ficti
tious character . In general a statement in print should be
considered in connection with the character and responsi .
bility of its author .
( Any four questions may be omitted . )
1. What is meant by crop rotation ? Of what value is it ?
State some principles to be followed in planning a rotation .
Ans .— Corn , oats , clover would be a rotation ; that is, the
crops follow each other in order . If
one crop is raised year
after year , the same elements are taken out of the soil each
year , and the land is exhausted . A rotation , too , checks the
growth of troublesome weeds . The principle to be followed
is to have a rotation that will keep the soil in balance , so
that the proper proportion of elements may remain in it .
2. Name three common farm operations which increase
the moisture retained in the soil and explain how each oper
ation accomplishes this.
Ans . —Deep plowing and subsoiling loosen the soil to a
considerable depth and thus make a reservoir for moisture .
By growing crops that can be cultivated often , moisture is
conserved .
3. What are the conditions essential to seed germination ?
Show how our common seed -bed preparation secures each
of these conditions .
Ans . —Proper depth , heat , moisture , character of soil .
all
The farmer can adapt the seed bed to the conditions

named
.
in
What are the differences characteristics and habits

4.
meat breeds and egg breeds poultry
-
of
of
of
Name two
?
these breeds and three general purpose breeds

of
each
-
Ans Meat breeds Cochins Brahmas and Langshans

:
.
large thick feathering feathers legs slow

on
have bodies
,
,
on ,
and lazy take fat readily Egg breeds Leghorns

, ,
,
Minorcas Small slender bodies large combs close feathers

,
,
.
legs active Ply

no
on
feathers General purpose breeds

,
, :
.
mouth Rocks Wyandottes Good breast and thigh good

,
layers sitters and mothers

,
to
raising
of
5.
at
What are the advantages the farmer

What are the principles
be
to
least few sheep observed

a
their feeding and care

in
on ?
on
Ans Sheep can live the food which wasted every

is
.-
farm and they improve the land They furnish the farmer
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 151
wool and mutton . Shelter , protection from wolves and

vicious dogs, good pasturage and wholesome dry food .
6. How do sand , clay and loam differ in ability to hold
water ? Rate of movement of water through them ? Ease
of working after drying ?
Ans . - In sandy soil water moves faster but not through
so great a distance . In clay and loam the grains are smaller
and the water can move a greater distance ; it is also held
longer in the ground . Sandy soil is easier to work after
drying .
7. What are the different types of corn and what dis
tinguishes each ? What are the requirements of a good ear
of corn ?
Ans . - Flint
has a short , hard , rounded kernel . Does not
Larger ears than any other kind .

take long to mature. Dent has long kernel with dent in top .
Other kinds are sweet
corn , pop -corn , pod corn and soft corn . Requirements :
Cylindrical , straight , uniform color, kernels uniform in
shape, size and color, and should be packed tightly on the
cob .
8. What is meant by a “ concentrate ” feed ? Name three
concentrates that might be used to balance a ration of corn
fodder and cane hay for dairy cows . What roughages fur
nish the same food element as these concentrates ? Could
you use these roughages to balance the above ration ? Ex
plain .
Ans. - A feed with a very large per cent of digestible mat
ter and little waste or fiber . Cottonseed meal, oilmeal,
bran , clover hay, alfalfa, cowpea hay. They might be used
in part , but not entirely. The combination would be too
great a bulk for the animal to digest .
9. What are the elements essential to plant growth likely
to be wanting in the soil ? . What would be the effect upon
a field if one cropped it to alfalfa continually and re
turned nothing to the field ? Explain .
Ans . - Nitrogen , phosphorus , potash . The phosphorus,
potash and other minerals would be removed and the humus
exhausted . Alfalfa removes all the above minerals from
the soil as it grows , and gathers only nitrogen from the air
through the bacteria of the root nodules .
10. Describe the growth of the wheat plant from seed to
maturity . ( Include entire plant.) Name insect pests of
wheat and tell how they injure the plants .
Ans . ( a ) Seed germinates in fall , sends out temporary roots
then permanent roots. Permanent roots may penetrate five
feet . Temporary leaves develop and usually last till spring .
These die as the true shoot or stalk develops . As this grows

upward underground branches are sent out and these send
up new stalks . This is called stooling or tillering : Tho
stalks grow up jointed , each joint sending out a leaf . The 1
top bears a head or spike of blossoms in which grain de
velops. ( b ) Chinch bug, sucks juices ; Hessian fy , feeds
on tissues of stem and growing plant ; greenbug , sucks
juices ; wheat straw worms and joint worm , feed in stem
at ground or joints weakening stem and causing it to blast
or fall ,
STATE OF KANSAS 153
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS KANSAS .
October 24 and 25 , 1912 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. What is a topical arithmetic ?
Ans . — Topical arithmetic is the treatment of the subject
or arithmetic by topics . For example , under the topic of
all
that pertains taught
ofbe
“ Fractions ” that topic will
in to
.
Show
all
the processes the addition 756

2.
%
6
,
and
3
.
Solution
:
634 27
75 20
323 24 =
173536 7438 135,36

to L.
D.
Explanation 36.34 2736 2936

=
C.
The
%
=
is
,
5
:
135/38 Write
of
33
or
2436 The sum the fractions
is
7136
=
.
the 35/36and add the the units column
1
What
in
the order which the four fundamental

is
3
.
operations
onof
arithmetic are presented Which processes

?
are based addition Explain

?
di
Solution Addition subtraction multiplication and
,
,
:
vision
.
Besides addition itself multiplication

on
addition
is
based
,
and under one conception subtraction also

.
we
In In
multiplication finding the

of
have short process

a
sum when the addends are equal

.
we
may think
of
subtraction the difference between

to
as
that number which the smaller

if
two numbers added

will equal the larger
.
Bring out clearly the superiority

of
decimal fractions
4.
over common fractions

.
Ans Since whole numbers are written on the decimal

.
handle fractional numbers larly

to
scale convenient
it
is
, .
Thus we can operate with decimals addition subtraction

in
,
do
multiplication and division with whole numbers

as
we
.
5. Goods costing $1012.50 were sold at a gain of 163 per

cent . Find gain and selling price . Explain the relation of
percentage to common and to decimal fractions .
Solution : Let 100 per cent equal the cost . Thon the
gain , 16 ; per cent , is le of the cost .
16 of $1012.50 = $ 168.75 the gain .
$1012.50 + $ 168.75 = $ 1181.25 = the selling prico .
Per cent means hundredths . 5 % and 5 hundredths aro
equivalent expressions. Hundredths can be written doei .
mally and converted into the equivalent common fraction .
163
Thus 163 % .163 46.
100
6. A young man works for $ 15 a week . If
he pays $4.50
for board and $3 a week for other expenses , in how many
weeks can he save enough to pay a debt of $ 260.009
Solution : Income per week , $ 15.00
Expenses per week 7.50
Savings per week $ 7.50

$ 260.00= $ 7.50 = 34 ; = No. of weeks to pay the debt.
7. Make out a receipted bill for the following : 350 yards
of silk at $2.25 per yard ; 296 yards of lace at $ 1.50 per
yard ; 480 yards of ribbon at 50 cents per yard ; 45 dozen
pairs of gloves at $ 15 per dozen pairs .
Topeka , Kan ., Oct. 24 , 1912 . 1
Mr. SAMUEL L. PETERS,
Bought of H. H. Dry Goods Co.
350 yd . Silk $2.25 $ 787 50
296 yd . Lace 1.50 444 00
480 yd . Ribbon 50c 240 00
45 doz . prs . Gloves $ 15 675 00
$2146 50
Received Payment .
. H. H. Dry Goods Co.

Per J. J. K.
1
1
STATE OF KANSAS 155
8. The assessed valuation of the taxable property of a

town was $ 1,218,694 . The tax to be raised was $ 18,280.41 .
How many mills on the dollar was the rate of taxation ?
Solution : $ 18,280.41 •
$ 1,218,694 = .015 . Hence the rate
is 15 mills on the dollar .
9. If 30 cubic inches of ice weigh a pound, what is the
weight of a block of ice 16 inches by 8 inches by 12 inches ?
What is it worth at 75 cents per cwt. ?
Solution :
16 X 8 X 12
:51146 = No. of lbs.
30
5144
X $ .75 = $.384 .
100
The cake of ice weighs 5145 lbs. and costs 38 cents .
10 . What is the weight in tons of an inch of rainfall
upon an acre of ground ? A cubic foot of water weighs 63
pounds .
Solution : 160 X 2721 x 144 X 631 101
115
1728 x 2000 400
101
Therefore the weight is 115 tons , or 1151 tons approx .
imately . 400
ALGEBRA .
1. What is the greatest difficulty to the student in form
ing equations ? Give directions for overcoming this diffi
culty .
Ang . — The inability to carry on a process of reasoning
is the pupil's chief difficulty in forming equations . To over
come this difficulty the pupil must learn how to get the
facts upon which his reasoning is based . Some of the facts
will be learned from the problem itself either directly or
inferred . For other facts he must make use of his previous
knowledge about a variety of subjects . In choosing his
5 material from this fund of previously acquired knowledge
he needs to use his common sense and natural reasoning
ability .
2. How is the child taught to think in letters ? Recall
several exercises designed to lead the beginner to think in
literal terms.
Ans . — By selecting a series of easy problems in which
figures and letters are used interchangeably the child can
be taught to think in letters .
At 5 each what will 6 pencils cost

cents 4 pencils ! a
pencils a pencils ?
At $2 per day how many dollars will a workman earn in
3 days In 5 days ? In m days ?
If 15 lbs . of sugar cost $ 1 , how much will 5 lbs . cost ?
3 lbs.
3. How may interest in algebra be aroused ?
–
Ang . First , the pupil can be shown that algebra is but
a continuation of the study of numbers already begun in
arithmetic . The introduction of letters as number symbols
will call for a revision of the four fundamental operations .
The pupil can be shown that the new way of adding , sub
tracting , multiplying and dividing will work just as well
with figures as with letters . Again , when the negative
number is introduced , the four fundamental operations
must again be revised to permit of operations with the
negative numbers . Thus by beginning with his knowledge
of numbers obtained from arithmetic he can gradually be
led to extend his view and his interest will be aroused .
4. Factor the following :
1. a266_c4d8 .
2. 22 +2xy + 42-4 .
3. 22-3x + 2.
4. 45-65 .
5. 3x2 + 27: +42 .
Solution .
1. a2b6c4d8 = (ab3 +e2d4) ( ab3 — c2d4 ).
2. 22 + zxy +42–4 = (22 + zxy + y2) —4 .
= (x + y ) . -4
= ( x + y + 2) ( x + y - 2 ).
3. 22-3 . + 2 = (x - 1) ( x - 2).
4.
5.
5.
( a2b2 + ab3 + 64 ) .
05—65 = ( a — b) ( a4 + a3b+
3x2 + 27+42 = 3x + 6 ) ( x + 7 ) .
A mixture is made of a pounds of coffee at m cents a
pound , b pounds at n cents , and c pounds at p cents . Ro
quired , the cost per pound of the mixture .
Solution .
a pounds at m cents cost am cents .
b pounds at n cents cost bn cents .
c pounds at p cents cost cp cents .
( a + b + c) pounds cost ( am +on + cp ) cents .
am +on + cp
1 pound costs cents
a+ b+c
6. Find four consecutive numbers whose sum is 94. ..
Let x = the first number .
STATE OF KANSAS 157
Then xt1 = the second number .

and x + 2 = the third number
and x + 3 = the fourth number .
Then by the condition of the problom
x + x + 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 = 94 ( 1)
4x = 88 (2)
Dividing by 4
x = 22 (3)
Hence the numbers are 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 .
7. Square : 24b + c. Write the theorem .
Solution .
( a – b + c) 2= a2 +62 + 02-2ab + 2ac42bc .
The square of any polynomial is the sum of the squares
of the several terms and twice the product of every term
its
by each of the terms that follow giving to each product
proper sign
.
garden feet longer than

42
wide The dis
is
it
is
8.
.
tance around the garden 228 feet Find the dimensions
is
.
the garden Number each equation and give the reasons
of
for each step

.
Solutoin
.
the number of feet wide

=
Let
x
feet long
+ 42
of
+
+=
Then the number

x
in
the perimeter
42
of
And the number feet
2
=x
x
(
.
But 228 the number
of
feet
in
the perimeter
.
Therefore we have the equation
42
=
+
+
228
2
1
x
(
(
)
Multiplying out the left number
2x
2x
84—228
+
+
2
.
(
)
Transposing the right number
or 84
to
equal numbers are subtracted from equal

If
the same
numbers the remainders are equal—
2x = 228–84
+
2x
3
.
(
)
Collecting terms
4x = 144
.
4
(
)
by
Dividing
4
.
by
num
If
equal numbers are divided equal

or
the same
bers the quotients are equal
1
= 36
.
x
5
(
)
feet long
36
78
Therefore the garden feet wide and

is
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

.
Briefly
of
show how you would develop the idea

1.
mode
inductively
.
Ans By carefully studying find

in
verbs sentences we
.
them used to predicate in several ways. Thus they may be .

como : 1
1. ( a) To assert positively ; as , I will play with you .
( b) To question : As , who will play with me
2. To command ; as , Play with me .
3. To express a doubt or a supposition ; as , If
he play
with me I will be glad .
The manner in which a verb is used to predicate a thought
is called a mode .
A verb used to state something as a fact or to ask a
simple question is said to be in the indicative mode . The
verbs in these sentences are in the indicative mode . He runs
fast . Will you come now
A verb used to express a command , a request or an en 1
treaty is in the imperative mode . The verbs in these sen .
tences are in the imperative mode . Shut the door . Do be
quiet .
A verb used to express doubt, a wish or a supposition , is 1
in the subjunctive mode . The first verb in each of these
sentences is in the subjunctive mode .
I
If it rain the grass
will grow . Though he slay yet will trust him .
2. Briefly show that the conjugation of any verb may be
made from the principal parts . Discuss the importance of
learning the principal parts of verbs .
Ans . — The principal parts of the verb “ draw " are :
Present , ' draw ; " Past , odrew ;? Perfect participle ,
" drawn . ' ' ( Discussion for the applicant .)
It is impossible to conjugate correctly any verb , or to
use any of the verb forms properly unless one knows the
principal parts . Hence it is of paramount importance that
the principal parts of any verb be thoroughly understood.
3. Is person of nouns indicated by their form or by their
use ? Explain your answer with an illustration .
Ans . — The person of nouns is indicated only by their
use . In each of the following sentences the noun si John ''
has the same form yet it is used in a different person .
1. I , John , saw these things . 2. John , come with me .
3. John has gone home.
In the first sentence , “ John ” is of the first person be
cause it denotes the speaker .. In the second sentence ,
“ John ” is of the second person because it denotes the
person spoken to . In the third sentence , “ John ” is of
the third person because it denotes the person spoken .of
4. Discuss two ends in language training in the elemen
tary schools .
Ans. - Two ends to be attained in language training are
( 1) To make correct expression habitual . (
23 To secure
STATE OF KANSAS 159
to the student an orderly and intelligible understanding of

the principles that determine the structure of words and
sentences . The first aim is the more important as correct
expression is a mark of culture and is essential to clear
thinking . This end can only be obtained by calling for
frequent repetition of the right form , and by constantly
suppressing the wrong .
The second aim is attained by a study of the parts of
speech with considerable fullness of detail as to their
classes , inflection , and syntax ; and also by the study of
standard literary selections .
5. Outline a language lesson based on a picture .
Picture of “ The Pilgrims . ” Painting by George H.
Boughton .
1. Who were “ The Pilgrims ??? 2. Why so called ?
3. Tell what day of the week it is . 4. Where are these
people going ? 5.
Why do they keep so near together
6. Why are the men carrying guns 7. Who do you
suppose the one man that is not carrying a gun can be
8. What is seen in the distance ? 9. What do the scat
10.
is
of
tered_stumps show ? What season the year
it
?
you
do
11. Describe the dress
of
these people 12. What
.
like this picture
in
?
In
answering these questions write connected story and

arrange your sentences in paragraphs a
.
Where should technical grammar
be
introduced
in
6.
the
study
of
course Discuss
of ?
The study technical grammer begin
in
should the
grade The child has had five years language
of
sixth
.
In
of he
training and composition work these years has
.
or
become more less familiar with the simpler forms the

parts
of
speech and the construction

of
He
is
sentences
.
now prepared to begin study words

in
more extensive
a
and their classification into parts of speech their inflection

,
syntax usually grammar ,

as
and presented technical

in
is
Decline the simple personal pronoun

7.
For the full declensions

of
the personal pronouns see

Lessons English Book
in
the state text page 116

II
,
“
Diagram analyze Every language temple

8.
in
of or
is
. a
:
it
which the soul those who speak enshrined

is
This complex declarative sentence Every lang

a is
a
in
; .
uage temple the principal clause which the

is
ofis
"
soul those enshrined the first subordinate clause

is
;
”
who speak the second subordinate clause

it
is is
"
.
''
Language the subject the principal clause and

of
is ,
“
by”
modified the adjective every temple

is
the
” is
;
“
”
"
'
predicate the principal clause the predicate

of
Is
,
“
.
verb , is unmodified ; “ temple ,” the predicate noun , is

modified by the adjective " a ; " " temple further is
modified by “ in which the soul of those who speak it is
enshrined , ' a complex adjective element of the third class ,
of which " soul ,”
” it by
subject the adjective
its
modified
is
,
and also by
of
the those who speak complex
“
a
"
”
adjective element Of
of
the second class the leader
is
“
.
and those the basis modified by the adjective elause
its , is
,
,
“
,
its
who speak Who subject and connective
is
" it
“
."
of ', ,
”'
by
unmodified speak basis modified an
”, is
it
,
;
"
objective element the predicate
enshrined the
, Is
.
"
by
first subordinate clause modified which an
in
is
in ,
" "
the second class of which
of
adverbial element
is
,
"
its
basis
is
the leader and which also the connective
,
“
.
of
Give the construction the italicised words
in
9.
the
following The aim the Platonic philosophy was
; of
raise
to
:
above vulgar wants the aim the Baconian philosophy

us
of
supply our vulgar wants
to
was
a of .
noun subject
To
the verb was
" an is
Aim
a
“
is ”
"
."
"
(
)
raise infinitive used noun and predicate of the
as
Us
" ”
verb was pronoun object
of
the infinitive
is
.
is a
,
“ "
"
raise noun object the preposition

to
Wants
of
."
a
a ”
“ "
above Of preposition showing the relation be

."
“ is
”
” "
philosophy
is an
tween aim and Baconian ad
" ” is
“
.”
“ “
an
jective modifying philosophy
TO
supply (
)
.”
noun and predicate

of
the verb
as
infinitive used was

a
.
10. Composition work begins with the first effort
of
the
child express thought Discuss the foregoing statement
to
,
.
briefly
by
and show how this power grows the systematio

of
use written language

.
Ans .-- As soon born its education begins

it as
child
is
a
in . .
it its
Through gains knowledge

of
senses the external world

At
this meagre knowledge

to
first gives expression

cries and laughter and motions In the course of time
—
ar
its
the child acquires the power express thought

to
in
ticulate language Later the child learns that words may

.
by
written symbols the beginning

of be
expressed This
is
.
written language Drills written language

in
of
the use
.
may exercises for copying for dictation for

be
given
in
,
,
or
picture study for letter writing for recording results

,
observation and experience stimulate

of
Such exercises
.
thought and call for full language expression As muscular

,
developed by systematic physical exercises will

so
power
in is
of
power composition work grow by systematic use

written language
.
STATE OF KANSAS 161
GEOGRAPHY .
1. What is the aim and scope of geography ?
Ang . – To give children a knowledge of the world they
its
their customs occupations manner
of
live in , peoples
,
,
,
living government climatic conditions vegetable and an
;
,
imal life minerals etc. To show the influence
of
environ
,
ments on man's condition
.
profile North America along the fortieth
. of
Make
2.
a
parallel
of
north latitude
Ans
-
.For the applicant
.
From where does the water come that supplies the corn
3.
and wheat states Explain
.
by
Ans Carried rivers from the Rocky Mountains and
.
-
Alleghanies
.
4.
Make map and trace the Gulf Stream

a
.
.
.
Compare Kansas with Pennsylvania
as
location size
to
5.
,
climate soil surface drainage manufacturing population
. , ,
,
wealth and commerce
.
Ans Kansas About the center
of
—
the United States
;
:
82,080 square miles climate hot beautiful
in
summer
;
;
falls often mild winters but sometimes very cold soil
in ,
in ;
,
fertile surface rolling the east generally flat the

;
west drainage toward the Missouri and Arkansas rivers ,

;
, ;
manufacturing not extensive but growing population
,
;
,
1,669,296 wealth nearly three billions commerce large

, ,
,
;
;
cattle hogs beef corn wheat lead salt coal zinc

in
,
,
,
,
.
Pennsylvania On eastern coast about half way between
,
:
North and South size 45,215 square miles climate much

;
,
the valleys
in
as
of
the same that Kansas soil fertile

;
;
,
surface mountainous drainage partly into the Atlantic

,
,
;
,
partly into the Gulf of Mexico manufacturing extensive

;
,
the great manufacturing states population 7,665
of
,
one
,
, ;
111 wealth 11,473,620,306 commerce much greater than

,
. $
;
that of Kansas
the prin
of
6.
Sketch map South America and write

in
. a
cipal products
.
What are the chief geographical conditions that have

7.
made England great commercial nation

a
Its central position

on
Ans the sea puts

in
it
close com
-
.
mercial relations with all parts

en
of
the earth and has

abled develop great merchant marine
to
it
Why are museums and excursions

to
necessary
8.
the
best geography teaching the pupil's inter
on
What effect
?
of
est would the formation museum have

a
?
Ans . —Because in
the museum , one gets a clearer idea of
costumes , minerals , animal life , etc. On the excursion the
pupil can study at first -hand , drainage, erosion , water -sheds ,
manufactures , farms, etc.
9. How can assignments be made to prevent formal rote
work in the preparation of lessons ?
Ans . — Every skillful teacher will so assign every lesson
that every pupil can find the lesson a living , interesting
exercise .
10. How do winds affect vegetation ? Illustrate .
Ans . —Winds carry soil and seeds and thus distribute
vegetation . Winds also carry moisture in clouds from one
region to another, and the rainfall influenced by winds pro
mote vegetation .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. What county in Kansas was named in honor of the
author of the Kansas -Nebraska bill ?
Ans . - Douglas.
2. What county in Kansas was named in honor of a well
known missionary of territorial days ?
Ans .— Johnson .
3. What county in Kansas was named in honor of a great
-
anti -slavery leader in the United States Senate ?
Ans . Sumner .
4. How many and what different kinds of maps would
you use in teaching the history of Kansas ?
Ans . —Political , relief, products, geological .
5. Where would you direct children to look for infor
mation in writing the history of your school district or
township ?
Ans.- In the school district and township clerks ' records ;
also by questioning the oldest residents .
6. What educational institutions were established by the
legislature when the Civil War was in progress and the
people were fighting Indians , and meeting all the difficul
ties which beset a pioneer in a new country ?
Ans . — The University of Kansas , State Agricultural Col
lege , and the State Normal School .
7. What events relating to Kansas can you associate
with the following names : Thomas Jefferson , Amos A. Law
rence , D. W. Wilder , N. S. Goss , Samuel A. Kingman ?
Ans . ( a ) Itwas he who purchased the Louisiana Terri
tory from Napoleon . ( b ) He gave large amounts to help
to colonize Kansas with Free State people . ( c) He compiled
the " Annals of Kansas . ' ' ( a ) He collected the birds now
STATE OF KANSAS 163
in the State Capitol , and wrote a valuable book on the

“ Birds of Kansas . ' ' ( e ) He was a prominent member
of the Wyandotte Convention .
8. How many electors is Kansas entitled to in the Eleo
toral College which elects presidents of the United States ?
Ans .— Ten .
9. What books relating to Kansas have you read ?
10 . Tell briefly what you know about bank guaranty ;
normal courses in high schools and academies ; teachers ' re
tirement fund ; workmen's compensation act.
Ans .— ( a ) The state guarantees each depositor against
loss in case the bank fails . This applies to state banks .
( b ) Courses for the training of teachers established in high
schools and academies . ( c) A fund provided in cities of
the first class for the pensioning of teachers . · ( d ) It pro
vides for compensation by employers to workmen in case
of accidents .

1. Give the chief events in Columbus ' life, and estimate
his service to the world .
Ans . —Was educated in the University of Pavia ; went to
sea when he was fifteen ; had many adventures ; learned to
draw charts and to make spheres ;
after much observation
and reflection , concluded the world was a sphere , and that
there were lands to be discovered ; after many applications
for aid and many rebuffs , he finally persuaded Ferdinand
and Isabella of Spain to aid him ; started from Palos with
three ships on Friday , August 3 , 1492 ; discovered America
October 12 , 1492 .
The value of his service was in the value to the human
race of the hemisphere he had discovered , in fertility of soil
and in its inexhaustible resources .
2. Outline the chief events in the colonial history of
-
Virginia .
Ans . First settlement , 1607 ; slaves introduced , 1619 ;
'
in charters granted by England , are these words : “ Shalí
have and enjoy all the liberties , franchises and immunities
of free denizens and natural subjects within any of our
other dominions , to all intents and purposes as if they had
been abiding and born within this our realm of England or
in any other of our dominions. "
Sufferings from famine ; election of a House of Burgesses
in 1619, the first representative body in America ; fights
with Indians ; part in wars with France ; Bacon's Rebellion .
3. What was the leading factor in the colonization of

America - political , social , economic , or religious ? Discuss .
Ans. - Religious.
4. Give the leading characteristics of each of the colonial
forms of government , and cite an example of each .
Ans .— Proprietary : Held by a proprietor as in the case
of Willian Penn and Pennsylvania . Charter : Granted by
the crown . Illustrations : Connecticut, Virginia . Royal:
Governed directly by the crown , as in New York . A num .
ber of the colonies , under the arbitrary rule of the crown ,
had all the three forms in succession .
5. Name the leading events in English history in the
seventeenth century and show the influence , if any , on
American history .
Ans . —Queen Anne's War or war of the Spanish succes
sion ; King William's War , King George's War , and the
French and Indian War affected the colonies because of the
struggle for supremacy between England and France . The
result was that the colonists were trained to arms , which
fact made them ready for the revolution that followed .
6. Trace briefly the territorial expansion of the United
States .
Ans Florida 1821 territory
to .--
Louisiana Purchase 1803
;
,
;
,
Maine 1842 Texas 1845 addition Oregon

, in
; to
added
; ;
;
,
,
1846 from Mexico 1848 Gadsden Purchase 1853 Alaska
,
,
; ;
1867 Hawaiian Islands 1898 Samoan Islands 1898 Cuba

,
;
,
,
Porto Rico and the Philippines 1898. For details see Fos
,
,
ter's History
: .
Ku Klux Klan Carpet Bag Government

7.
Discuss
;
-
.
—
Ans secret society the South Reconstruction

in
in
A
.
days Its purpose was intimidate negroes and their

to
.
friends
.
Define Initiative Recall Referendum Commission

8
.
,
of
Form Government
.
The right
to
Ans the people initiate legislation

of
.—
1
.
for.
The right
the people recall public officials
of
to
2.
cause The referring the people for ratifica

of
laws
to
. 3.
.
tion comparatively modern method municipal

of
4
A
.
government few persons elected

of
which
in
commission
a
a
by
city takes the place the old way

, of
of
the people
to . of
a
many from each ward

so
electing council
a
go
Discuss the parcel post law soon into opera

. 9.
tion
Weight allowed increased from four
to
Ans.— eleven
on
pounds postage depends distance fourth class rate

;
,
;
abolished
.
STATE OF KANSAS 165
10. Who are the following : John Sharp Williams , George

Hodges , Arthur Capper , Eugene Debs, Frank Hitchcock ,
P. P. Claxton , Ella Young, Herbert Hadley , William Allen
White , Nelson A. Miles ?
Ang .— ( a ) Member of Congress from Mississippi ; ( b )
Governor of Kansas ; ( c ) Editor and proprietor of the
Topeka Daily Capital and of nine or ten other publications ;
( d ) A well known labor leader and lecturer ; ( c) U. S.
Postmaster General ; ( f ) U. S. Commissioner of Education ;
(g) Superintendent of the Chicago schools ; ( h ) Gover
nor of Missouri ; ( i ) Editor Emporia Gazette and a noted
;
writer of books ( ) j Formerly a general in the Federal
army .
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What illustrative material should you use in the teach .
ing of history ?
bio
Ans. Political and relief maps , statuettes , pictures ,
graphies anecdotes
,
of
Compare the first twelve years the nineteenth cen
2.
tury with the first twelve years the twentieth century
of
.
so
frequent
as
Show that wars are not the past
in
.
may
be
Ans said that there was continuous war
in
—
It
.
Europe during the first twelve years

of
the nineteenthby cen
tury and many battles were fought sea and land Nearly
.
all
the countries Europe were engaged the struggle

of
in
.
During the first twelve years the twentieth century the
of
nations generally have been peace with each other Ex

at
.
ceptions The Russo Japanese war the British Boer contest
,
,
:
and the war the Balkans

in
What and where the Trans Siberian Railroad

3.
is
?
-
starts from Tchelyabinsk

on
Ans the eastern slope

—
It
.
of the Ural mountains Its eastern terminal Vladivostok

is
.
on the Pacific The distance between the terminals about

. , is
.
4500 miles and from Vladivostok St. Petersburg

to
5620
,
miles There are branches Port Arthur and Dalny The

to
.
main line was completed

in
1902
.
What improvements navigation are likely re

4.
to
in
of
sult from the loss the Titanic

?
Managers and captains will held responsible

be
Ans
—
.
for fast sailing iceberg regions the wireless communi

in
cation will be perfected enough boats for all

on
board will
;
the iceberg season more southerly

be
provided and
in
;
a
,
route will be taken

.
Give the meaning the following terms

of
of
5
each
.
:
Girondists , Plebiscite , Triple Alliance , Agrarian Legislation .

Duma .
Ans.- ( a ) One of the parties in the French Revolution ,
named for the department - Gironde -- from which a number
of the leaders came . The Girondists were conservatives .
(b ) The term is used in France , and means a vote of the
people on a measure submitted to them . (c) The Alliance
between Germany , Austra - Hungary and Italy . ( d ) It re
lates to an equal or equitable division of landed property .
( e) The Russian national legislature .
6. Where are the French possessions in Africa ? How
were they acquired ?
Ans . - Algeria , the Sahara , French Equatorial Africa ,
Morocco , Madagascar . Acquired by conquest or simply by
taking them .
7. What is the relation of Great Britain to Egypt ; of
France to Morocco ; of the United States to Cuba ?
Ans . - A protectorate , though in Egypt and Morocco , the
relation amounts to possession .
8. What had the Holy Alliance to do with the Monroe
Doctrine ?
Ans .— The chief members of the Holy Alliance - Russia ,
Austria and Prussia — threatened to interfere with the pro
gress of self -government in South America by helping Spain
to regain her rebellious provinces. This called forth Presi
dent Monroe's famous protest .
9. What countries in Europe have constitutional govern
.
ment ?
Ans . — All except Russia and Turkey The Turks have
made efforts to establish a constitutional form , but the pro
gress thus far , in that direction , has not been marked .
10. Name five works of fiction in which you can find
important history .
Ans . " Ivanhoe ; “ Ninety - Three " (Hugo ) ; 6. The
Scarlet Letter ; " " Barnaby Rudge ; " "" Ben Hur .
READING .
its
1. What is meant by dramatic reading ? What are

advantages
?
Dramatic reading the reading

or of
Ans words which are

—
is
.
by
to
be
as
supposed spoken some person character

a
,
reading way
as
drama and such represent

in
to
the
;
original character Among the advantages

or
a of
person
.
ch
reading are the development imagination and

in
of
greater degree naturalness expression

.
Give practical suggestion grouping phrasing

on
or
2.
a
STATE OF KANSAS 167
and illustrate by an example , either quoted or original .

Ans.Words which are closely connected in the expres
sion of a thought should be read in such a way as to show
this connection . Unnatural pauses should not be inter
spersed . For example , in the first sentence in this answer
rhetorical pauses should be made after the words , connected ,
thought , and way . If pauses of any noticeable length are
made elsewhere , the sense is not so well expressed .
3. How may the teacher find out whether the pupil has
grasped the thought in any given selection assigned for the
reading lesson ?
Ans. - By skillful questioning on the subject matter ..
4. Mention two things which are important in assigning a
reading lesson besides indicating what portion of the text
is to be studied .
Ans. — First , the pupils may properly be directed to look
up certain references designated in advance ; and second ,
unfamiliar or otherwise important words should be speci
fied for dictionary study .
5. What is emphasis ? Describe the effect of proper em
phasis by an example either quoted or original .
1 Ans . - Emphasis is the placing of the proper stress on
important words in reading . The meaning of a sentence
may be completely changed by varying the words thus em
phasized . For example , some persons emphasize the pro
nouns in the following : The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall
not want . To the writer it seems proper to emphasize the
words , Lord , shepherd , and want .
6. What objection , if any , would you make against the
imitation by pupils of the teacher's tone, inflection , and
manner ? What advantages , if any , is there in such imi
tation ?
Ans . — Imitation tends to destroy originality of expression ,
and the teacher cannot be sure that the pupil understands
the sense if imitation of the teacher is habitual . There
is some advantage in imitation if thereby some faulty tone,
inflection , or manner may be corrected ,
7. Describe three of the principal physical or bodily op
erations involved in oral reading . Make some practical
suggestion with reference to each .
Ans.— ( 1 ) One of the most important is breathing , in
which the muscles of the trunk and chest force the air from
the lungs through the vocal organs, where it is put in vibra
tion , thus producing tones . Breathing should be full and
deep . (2) Images of the printed words are formed on the
retina and impressions are conveyed thence to the optic
centers in the brain . Careful attention is necessary in order

that the brain pictures may correspond exactly with the
printed words. (3) The proper position of the body in .
volyes several physical operations, such as holding the
book , erectness of posture , and gesticulating when appro
priate . No slovenly attitude should be permitted.
8. What is the relation of reading as a branch of in
struction to the other branches ?
Ans . — Reading is fundamental in all common school
branches . Without it no knowledge or information could
be obtained from books .
9. Mention five points which should be observed by the
teacher in testing a pupil's proficiency in reading , for ex
ample , in the sixth grade .
Ans .— ( 1) Punctuation ; ( 2 ) Phrasing ; ( 3 ) Inflection ;
( 4 ) Naturalness of expression ; ( 5 ) Comprehension of the
meaning.
10. Is it desirable that a considerable amount of reading
matter be provided for a child either at home or in school ?
Why ?
Ans . — It is exceedingly desirable . The child's mind is
naturally active and if it is to grow it must be fed . The
habit of reading much should be established in childhood ;
and this is impossible unless a sufficient quantity of suitable A
reading matter is provided either at home or in school .
1
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Let each applicant spell the following :
vehicle scintillate valise ancient
courageous dilemma niece fiery
avaricious diligent soliloquy seize
shrewd knuckles receipt sufficient
deceive separate intercede allegiance
grammar scissors reprieve spherical
oblique
( Give a credit of two for each word spelled correctly . )
2. Assuming that you require difficult words to be spelled
in all classes , where would you instruct children to look for
words outside of the schoolroom ?
Ans . — In the books they read ; in newspapers ; and in
conversations between older people in the homes .
3. Name two particulars in which written spelling is more
valuable than oral spelling .
'Ans. We seldom have to spell orally in the work of life ;
but we often have to write words . By associating the
STATE OF KANSAS 169
words with the writing the order of the letters is easior

to remember .
4. When a pupil uses the rising inflection in spelling a
word , would you accept the spelling as correct even if
the letters are given in the right order ? Illustration :
“ G -r- i- e-v- e ? " Give reasons for your answer .
Ans.—No. Because the rising inflection denotes uncer
tainty , and unless the pupil is certain that he is right , he
is not right .
5. Would you offer prizes to the best speller ? Give rea
sons .
Ans.-No. Because some children are naturally good
spellers, while to others the art comes through hard effort .
PENMANSHIP .
1. Describe the correct position of the body , arms , head ,
feet and hands .
Ang . – Body erect ; feet flat upon the floor ; arms from
the elbow to the hand on the desk ; head not too close to the
paper . The position can be made habitual by constant
training and drill.
2. What is finger movement ; combined movement ; whole
arm movement ?
Ang . - Finger movement is writing without using the
fore -arm , but simply using a movement of the fingers . It
is a cramped and tiresome way of writing . Combined move
ment with a slight movement of the fingers. Whole -arm
movement is writing without resting the arm , as when we
write on the blackboard .
3. Write the capitals .
4. Write the small letters . 1
5. Inwriting copies , will you follow the course of study
for cities of the third class ? Why ?
Ans . —For the applicant .

1. ( a ) Is psychology an independent science ? or ( b )
is it always connected with some other branch of knowledge ?
or ( c ) may it be considered both as independent and as re
.
lated to other branches ? ( a ) What do you understand by the
expression the psychology of arithmetic ? "
Ans ( a ) Psychology is a science in itself and as such
it may be studied without regard to any other branch of
knowledge ; but ( b ) the operations of the mind are always
$
concerned with some object or idea which originates outside

of the mind , and thus may have to do with any branch of
knowledge . ( c ) The science of psychology deals with the
all
its
mind in phrases and thus comes into relation with
all
but psychology
is
matters upon which the mind acts
;
concerned with the mental process rather than with the
object The psychology
of
in is on
which the mind acts arith
.
d
(
)
of
metic consideration
the the mental processes which
or
knowledge
of
of
occur the study arithmetic not the
,
results of arithmetical operations
of
the process
or of
Which more value education the
is
of in
2.
,
thing learned the process learning Give the reason
?
for your answer with illustrations
.
Philosophers say that the process
of
Ans more value
is
,
.
-
the thing learned may forgotten while the power
be
because
,
being modi
to
learn has been increased This doctrine
is
.
fied somewhat late progressive educators are insisting
of
;
of
be
that the process education should confined more
strictly to
the learning useful things and the modern
of
,
of
the thing learned
to
tendency emphasize the value

is
rather than the learning process In the writer's opinion .

both the process and the knowledge gained are important
,
separated but the mind re
be
and cannot
in
education
quires much preliminary training and discipline before the ,
learning process can place
of
be
to
assigned secondary
a
importance the results obtained solving problems

in
.,g
e
:
.
no
of
arithmetic are real value but the

in
in
themselves
,
mental training solving them invaluable
in
In is
object teaching what period

of
3.
What child's
it is
a
?
education most important Why

In is
oris ?
Ans object teaching the truth made clear and im

—
.
In
pressive by the use
of
illustrations demonstrations
.
is
early childhood object teaching the only type method

because the child mind deals with concrete things rather
than with abstract ideas Great teachers employ the object
.
method effectively with pupils

of
all ages
.
What incentive would you apply to arouse pupil's

4.
high school education

at
ambition
to
secure least
a
The example useful and worthy men and women

is of
Ans
.—
a of
who are well educated one the best incentives

.
possible for pupil

to
How recite well

to
5.
is
seem
it
without understanding the lesson How may the teacher

?
discover and correct this

?
the book may

be
Ans The words and re

of
—
memorized
.
cited correctly when the pupil has real knowledge

no
or
;
pupil may repeat without intelligence what another person

STATE OF KANSAS 171
has told him . This condition may be discovered by skillful

questioning , and may be corrected by showing the pupil
how to study.
for
6. Which is a better test of a pupil's fitness pro
memory facts previously learned ability
or
of
to
motion
,
deal with new problems and situations Why
?
Ability deal with new problems and situations
to
Ans
—
.
This implies the ability
to
the better test reason which
is
,
.
if
of
involves the memory essentials even details have been
forgotten Mental growth requires forgetting
of
. the much
that not essential
is
.
Does school instruction ordinarily give more promi
7.
reasoning memory ex
or
memory Describe
a to
to
nence
a
?
ercise reasoning exercise
;
.
Ans School instruction commonly but unwisely dwells
,
beon -
.
reasoning geography
on
memory than
in
. A
more lesson
; .
may purely memory exercise giving the
in
.,g
a
boundaries and capitals states The same subject may

in of
.
call for reasoning determining why large cities are
or .g
, e
,
,
.
they are why certain regions are more popu

as
located
lous than others
.
or
Does education increase the mind's faculties furnish
8.
opportunities for the exercise and development the mind's
of
, of
of
faculties Name two the faculties the mind not men

in in ?
,
any the preceding questions and tell how edu
of
tioned
cation school should affect them
.
Education does not increase the number
of
Ans the
-
.
mind's faculties which are innate but furnishes opportun

,
,
ity for their exercise and development Two faculties not

.
previously mentioned are feeling and will Education should

.
feeling appreciation for beautiful things

of
cultivate
a
e
,
in .,
The chief object .i
be
good taste education should
in
the
.
development strength of character through training

of
self control both negatively and positively considered

9. -
? of .
the essential thing the formation de

in
What
? is
In
breaking off objectionable habit
an
sirable habit
Repetition until the habit becomes established
is
Ans
.
-
In
essential forming desirable habit breaking off an

in
objectionable habit the important thing

. to
is
increase the
length
Is of
the intervals between its recurrence

10. the reason for inflicting punishments for school
of
for the punishment criminals What

as
offenses the same

,
?
punishment
of
in
any the common purpose the two

if
is
,
cases What difference there any

is
?
?
in ,
Ans.- Ordinarily offenders school are not criminals

as
and should not be treated such The common purpose

.
in both cases is to secure reformation . In the punishment

of the criminal the law has in view the protection of society ;
while the punishment of a pupil in school is largely a per
sonal matter and should be applied chiefly for correction .

Discu88 briefly the chief determining public health .
1.
Ans . ( a ) Water supply should be pure and abundant.
To this end all streams should be kept unpolluted by gar
bage, sewage or the dead bodies of animals, and all wells
and eisterns free from filth .
( b ) Food supply should be free from adulterants , free
from poisonous preservatives or coloring matter and free
from dirt .
(c) Public buildings and public conveyances should be
well warmed , well ventilated , free from sputum and other
filth , and well provided with sanitary toilet rooms.
( d ) Contagious diseases should be controlled by means
of vaccination , inoculation , the quarantine and the hospital .
e ) Hotbeds of vice are such menaces to public health
as to deserve extermination .
2. Name the common defects of the eye , giving cause and
remedy .
Ans .-( a ) Shortsighted vision , eyeballs too long from
front to back , concave glasses .
(b ) Longsighted vision , eyeball too short , concave
glasses .
( c ) Old age vision , lens too hard , convex glasses for read
ing or other near at hand work .
( a ) Distorted vision , distorted lens or eyeball, specially
ground glasses .
3. Discuss the hygiene of the ear .
Ans . — The outer ear should be kept clean by use of
warm water , soap and wash cloth , no sharp instrument
being used to remove wax . The Eustachian tubes should be
kept open by occasionally forcing air through them .
4. Discuss the cause , nature and prevention of typhoid
fever .
Ang .-( a) Cause the presence of colonies of typhoid
bacilli on the linings of the small and the large intestines.
(b ) Nature —the bacterial poisons cause more or less
fever and often abscesses are found that perforate the
small or large intestine and cause peritonitis .
all
( c ) Prevention — the destruction of the typhoid bacilli

the sputum perspiration urine the patient
of
or
of
feces
;
,
,
1
STATE OF KANSAS 173
safeguarding the water and food supply from contamination ;

elimination of the housefly .
5. Describe the structure and functions of the glands
of the skin .
Ans .- ( a ) The sweat glands are simple tubular glands
starting as a coiled -up ball at the inner end , going straight
outward and then taking a spiral form near the surface of
the epidermis. They are lined with secreting cells and sur
rounded with blood capillaries .
(b ) To secrete or take from the blood water , salts and
urea ; to make an oil for use of the hair and skin .
6. Discuss the cause and nature of Bright's disease .
Ans . ( a ) Excessive use of alcholic liquors ; severe
colds ; probably a too heavy proteid diet .
(b ) The uriniferous tubular glands in the kidneys are
so affected that the secreting cells lining them come loose
as " casts ” and pass out of the kidneys with the urine.
More than that the albumin in the blood passes in large
quantities out into the urine and is lost . The presence of
the " casts ” and the albumin in urine are two common
tests for Bright's disease . A dropsical condition of the
body and more or less frequent spasms are common .
7. Discuss the absorption of food by ( a ) veins, ( b ) lac
teals .
Ans.- ( a ) Food is not absorbed by veins but is ab
sorbed by capillaries . In the villi of the small intestine
most of our foods are absorbed , the sugars and peptones
passing into the capillaries and then on into the veins of
the mesentery , into the portal vein to the liver.
(b ) The lacteals begin in the villi . They carry away
the absorbed fats and some water and salts , emptying them
into the lower end of the thoracic duct which carries them
up and empties them into the left subclavian vein . The
epithelial cells of the villi do the chief work of absorption ,
selecting and imbibing the foods they are fitted to absorb .
8. Discuss gastric digestion .
Ans . —Gastric digestion is both mechanical and chemical
in its effects : It mixes and dissolves foods and also
changes the chemical composition of some foods , so that
they will be soluble . The chemical actions are as follows :
Rennin curds milk ; hydrochloric acid changes eggs , lean
meats , etc., into acid albumin and the pepsin changes the
acid albumin into peptones .
Name and give function of five mu es .
Ans . —Masseter raises the lower jaw ; biceps flexes the
forearm ; triceps extends the forearm ; deltoid raises the
arm outward ; diaphragm draws air into the lungs .
10. Give the general effects of alcohol and tobacco on the

cells of the body .
Ans . Both alcohol and the nicotine in tobacco are nar
cotic poisons . If
taken continuously they dwarf the growth
of children . With adult users the nerve cells are deadened
or made less sensitive to cold , heat , fatigue . Tobacco may
5
cause the heart to beat irregularly . Alcohol may degen
erate the red blood cells and the muscle cells , and cause an
unnatural growth of connective tissue and fat .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. How does the annual school meeting in Kansas resem
ble the New England town meetings ?
Ans . - All the business is transacted by a direct vote of
the people .
2. What can the state do in the enacting of laws relating
to the public health ? Give an illustration .
-
Ans . It can and does protect food and water from im .
purities .
3. What relation has education to good government ?
(
Ans .— Education gives the citizen the highest degrees of
efficiency . Ignorant people may be honest , but they must
be more than that ; they must understand the principles
and policies which determine the character of governments .
4. State briefly the duties and powers of the Interstate
Commerce Commission .
Ans .— The Commission has supervision of the railroads
of the country . It can regulate passenger and freight rates ,
prevent rebates , and establish maximum rates.
5. In what cases does the Vice President of the United
States have a vote in the Senate ? When does the Lieutenant
Governor have a vote in the Kansas Senate ?
Ans W
. hen there is a tie each has a vote .
6. What is the chief difference between the Legislaturo
of Kansas and Congress in the manner of passing bills ?
Ans . - In Congress a majority is a quorum , and a majority
of the majority can pass a bill . In the Legislature of Kan.
all
sas , a majority of required

to
is
the members elected

pass bill
a
by
the long and short sessions

of
What Con
7.
is
meant
gress
. ?
The long session that which begins

in
Ans
—
. is
the second
December after the election This session usually lasts until
late
in in
the summer The short session that which be

is
.
gins the December immediately following the

of
election
STATE OF KANSAS 175
members and which lasts until March 4. Of course , special

meetings may be called by the President .
8. How do you keep informed as to the work done from
day to day in Congress ?
Ans .— By reading the telegraphic dispatches from Wash
ington in the daily and weekly newspapers .
9. State briefly what the powers of standing committees
are in Congress and in the legislature ?
Ans . — They are much the same in both bodies . All bills
introduced are referred to committees . Each committee ,
after considering bills referred to it , recommends that each
bill be or be not passed . Some times, but not often , a
committee “ pigeonholes a bill , in other words , neglects to
report it . In that case , the legislature , by vote , can call
it up .
10. What books on civil government have you read ?
1. Discuss reading as a basis for the proper appreciation
of literature .
Ans . — In the text -book , the pupil , properly taught , be .
comes acquainted with many selections from the best there
is in literature . In connection with reading , the right use
of the dictionary can be taught and pupils can be trained
how to discriminate between good and bad reading .
2. Show how a keen appreciation of literature helps in
teaching reading .
Ans . - The pupil who is taught to appreciate literature
can easily be taught to read with the spirit and the under
standing . His comprehension of the thought will lead him
to place emphasis and inflection where they belong .
3. Discuss the assignment .
of the reading lesson
Ang . — Direct attention to the new words ; explain idioms ;
tell how definitions are to be found in the large dictionary ;
indicate figures of speech , and the principal thoughts in the
selection ; ask that the whole lesson be read several times .
4. What means do you use to get pupils to see the rela
tionship between literature and life ?
Ans .- ( For the applicant . )
5. Briefly sketch the life and work of Holmes .
Ans. - Born in 1809 at Cambridge, Mass ., educated at
Phillips Andover and Harvard . Afterward studied law and
medicine at home and abroad . Professor at Dartmouth and
Harvard . Wrote much in prose and poetry . “ Autocrat of
the Breakfast Table , " " The Professor at the Breakfast
Table ," " Over the Toacups , " " The Chambered Nautilus ,”
are among his chief works . He died in 1894 .
6. What were the leading characteristics of McKinley ?
Ans . - Courage, gentleness , magnanimity , energy , executive
power , constructive ability.
7. Tell the origin of the story in Snow Image .
Ans.From an incident in the lives of Hawthorno's chil .
dren when they were six and eight years old . The snowball
statue in honor of the victor in a snowball battle was to
show the worthlessness of fame not based upon noble deeds .
8. Quote several lines from the Deserted Village , and a
stanza from Old Ironsides .
9 and 10. Discuss the value of correct forms in
(a) Getting the thought .
( b) Communicating the thought .
General appreciation 'of the thought.
Ang . – By setting before the pupil in logical order the
thoughts in the selection , a clearer idea of the unity between
the several parts is obtained . Communicating and appre
ciation depend upon the clearness with which the pupil is
able to grasp the thought .
1. Tell fully what the use of the tassel is to corn plant .
Ans .— The tassels of the corn plant are the stamens and
the silks are the pistils . Both are necessary to the forma
tion of seeds .
2. Name three weeds having special means for scattering
their seeds . Tell how each one's seeds are fitted for dis
tribution .
Ans . — The thistle , cocklebur , and tumble weeds . Distrib
uted by wind ; by animals ; by wind .
3. At what season of the year do trees form their buds ?
How do the buds get food to grow in the spring ?
Ans. In the autumn in this latitude . From the roots .
4. Explain how roots get plant food from the soil . What
other services do roots perform ?
Ans . — They absorb food in the moisture they draw from
the soil. They anchor the plant , and are a storehouse for
plant food .
5. What do leaves do for plants ?
Ans . — They manufacture food materials obtained from the
water sent up by the roots .
6. What difference does it make in the hay if the crop is
allowed to go too long before cutting ? Explain why ?
STATE OF KANSAS 177
Ans . - If
the grass is allowed to become too mature it
becomes less palatable to stock . should be cut when it It
is beginning to bloom , or immediately after the bloom falls .
If the grass is allowed to go to seed , much of the nutrition
will go into the seed .
7. Explain carefully why and how twisting a wire around
its
a tree affects growth
.
—
to
Ans stops the food material from passing down
It
.
the roots from the leaves and the tree will die
.
of
Describe the difference structure
in
a 7.
cross section
a
sorghum stalk and young tree
a of
or
stalk
corn Make
.
each and label the parts
of
sketch
For
.
Ans the applicant
.
.
9.
do
alfalfa clover roots differ from corn roots
or
How
?
alfalfa and clover improve the soil
— do
How the roots of
!
one set entirely under
of
Ans Corn has two kinds roots
;
.
ground These gather moisture and food from the soil and
.
feed the plant The other roots are few inches above the
a
.
ground and are known brace roots They help the plant
as
,
.
stand upright
on
Alfalfa and clover have tubercles their
to
roots and these add nitrogen the soil to

,
.
all
10. Give the reasons you can why too thick planting
should be avoided
.
Ans.On good soil the plants can put closer together

be
can readily the plants
be
on
It
than poor soil
if
seen that
.
are too close when the food from the soil distributed
is
an its
each plant does not get share When the plants are too
.
close together sunlight essential element in growth
is
,
,
excluded When the seed does not show high test for
.
germination more seed should

be
planted
,
MUSIC
.
Answer ten questions

(
.)
an
Music science and art Explain

1.
is
both
a
“
Ans Musical science classified knowledge about

is
a
(
)
, .
music including harmony counterpoint form instrumenta

,
,
tion and the various kinds of composition Musical art

b
,
.
(
)
the practice music the production reproduction

of
of
or
is
musical compositions
.
music are rhythmics melodies

in
The three elements

2.
dynamics Explain
( .
Ans Rhythmics include relative duration

of
tones
a
.
and rests and the regular pulsation and accent

of
beats and
, ,
larger sense phrases and periods

of
measures also
a
in
,
. .
with the relative pitch

do
to
of
Melodics have tones

b
(
)
( c ) Dynamics relate to power of tones , part of musical ex .

pression .
3. ( a ) How is the length of a tone represented ? ( 6 ) How
is its pitch indicated ?
Ans .- ( a) Tone length ( duration ) is indicated by note
forms : half note , eighth note , etc. ( b ) Pitch is represented
by staff degrees : lines and spaces of staff . The note head
points the staff degree representing pitch to be sounded ;
note forms and their relative positions in the measure tell
when tones are to begin and how long they are to endure .
4. ( a) Draw a staff and indicate that notes written on it
are to be sung by low voice . ( b ) Letter the line and spaces
of the above staff .
5. Prepare a staff to indicate the key of B - flat and that
six eighth notes , or their equivalent, are to be used in a
measure .
Ans . - For the applicant . ( An idea recently approved by
vote of N. E. A. Music Department proposes to substitute
for the usual 6-8 measure sign a dotted quarter note in
parenthesis below the figure 2. This sign for quick tempo
where dotted quarter is really the beat note .)
6. What is meant by rote song ? How would you proceed
in teaching it ?
Ans .- ( a ) ' A song learned by imitation . ( b ) Sing the
song once or twice , children listening . Sing single phrases ,
children imitate till learned . While children sing phrases
or entire song it is well to play melody as a support and
help . Teacher can listen to pupils , while playing better than
while singing with them . If
there is no instrument the
work will go slower, and more repetitions of phrases will
be necessary , teacher giving pattern , but not singing with
children .
7. Why is music written in different keys ?
Ans . Some keys fit some songs better than others. The
same song may be more effective for a high voice in one
key , for a low voice in another. Change of key for different
parts of extended compositions is a means of securing de
sirable variety and contrast .
8. Define hymn , march , waltz , oratorio , opera .
Ans .- ( a) A short song of devotion or praise . The music
of a hymn is commonly a part song of one or two periods.
( b ) A melody or movement adapted to marching .
moderately slow dance in three -beat measure . ( d ) An
c) A (
extended work for chorus , soloists , and instrumental accom
STATE OF KANSAS 179
paniment ( usually orchestral ) , and the words generally

sacred . · ( e ) A play ( secular ) set to music .
9. ( a ) In what respects are singing and reading similar ?
( 6 ) What element is common to music and poetry ?
Ans .— ( a) Both employ variation of pitch and accent .
( b ) Rhythm .
10. Write the melody of “ America ” in the key of F.
11. Write the syllable names of the chromatic scale as
cending and descending .
Ans . - Ascending : do , di , re , ri, mi, fa , fi , so ( 1), si , la ,
li , ti , do . Descending : do , ti, te , la , le, so, se , fa , mi , me ,
re , ra , do . ( In the preceding , sound e like English a in
day , i like e in see, a like ah , o as in go . )
12. · Why should music be a factor in our educational
system ?
Ans . — Singing induces deep breathing , and is conducive
to bodily health . Concerted music study compels subordi
nation of individual for the general good , a constant lesson
in discipline and self control . No study surpasses music in
training for quick thought and prompt action , power to do
with exactness the right thing at the right time in the right
its
way resulting from successful study The study
of
good
.
music contributes largely refining the character enlarg
to
“
,
ing the sentiment endowing the mind with love for the
a
,
beautiful
"
.
1
County
Examination Questions
State of Kansas
January , 1913 , to October , 1913
With Answers
No. 21
Topeka , Kan .
JOHN MACDONALD
1913
Entered according to act of Congress , in thc year 1914 by
JOHN MACDONALD
In the offlce of the Librarian of Congress ,
at Washington
Index .
}
Pages
EXAMINATION January 24 and 25 , 1913 . 1-25
June 20 and 21 , 1913 .. 26-61
June 27 and 28 , 1913 . 62-96
July25 and 26 , 1913 . 96-131
August 15 and 16 , 1913 . 132-167
October 24 and 25 , 1913 168–204
ALGEBRA .. 1 , 29 , 64 , 96 , 132 , 170

ARITHMETIC ... 3 , 26 , 62 , 99 , 136 , 168
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION . 6 , 34 , 68 , 126 , 139 , 199
GEOGRAPHY . 8 , 46 , 70 , 102 , 142 , 177
UNITED STATES HISTORY . 10 , 40 , 80, 105 , 150 , 173
READING .. 12 , 49 , 93. 117 , 157 , 187
ORTHOGRAPHY . 14 , 35 , 75 , 104 , 147 , 181
PENMANSHIP . 15 , 51 , 81 , 130 , 152 , 203
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACH
ING ..... .15 , 53 , 88 , 116 , 158 , 193
PAYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE . 17 , 36 , 121 , 162 , 174
MODERN HISTORY .. 19 , 43 , 75, 109 , 144 , 182
CIVIL GOVERNMENT 20 , 47 , 78, 110 , 148 , 201
HISTORY OF KANSAS . 21 , 44 , 76 , 107 , 146 , 202
ENGLISH LITERATURE . 22 , 52 , 77 , 119 , 149 , 183
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE . .23 , 60 , 82 , 120 , 166 , 186
MUSIC ... .24 , 51 , 89 , 130 , 153 , 184
BOOKKEEPING . 38 , 73 , 114 , 155 , 178
ANCIENT HISTORY . 42 , 72 , 112 , 145 , 195
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICS .. 48 , 83 , 113 , 154 , 190
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - BOTANY ... 56 , 84 , 123 , 161 , 196
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICAL GEO
GRAPHY 59 , 94 , 124 , 164 , 191
1
County Examination Questions .
January 24-25 , 1913 .
ALGEBRA .
1.Number in order and state the five axioms used in the
formation and solution of simple equations.
Ans . ( 1) Things equal to the same thing are equal
to each other . (2 ) If
the same or equal numbers be added
to equal numbers the sums will be equal . ( 3 ) If
the same
or equal numbers be subtracted from equal numbers the re
mainders will be equal . (4) equal If
numbers be multi
plied by the same or equal numbers the products will be
equal. ( 5) equalIf numbers be divided by the same or
equal numbers the quotients will be equal .
2. The sum of two numbers is 120 , and the greater ex
ceeds the less by 21. Find the numbers .
Solution :
Let x = The smaller number .
Then x + 21 = The larger number .
And x + * + 21 = The sum .
But 120 = The sum .
Therefore x + 3 + 21 = 120 ( 1)
Collecting terms and transposing
2x = 99 (2)
Dividing (2) by 2
x = 491 (3 )
x + 21 = 491 + 21-701
Therefore the two numbers are
491 and 701 .
3. Six years ago a father was six times the age of his
son , whose age now lacks 30 years of the father's age. Find
the age of each . Indicate by numbers the axiom applied
in each deduction .
Solution :
Let a = No . of years in son's present age .
Then x - 6 = No . of years in son's age 6 years ago .
And 6 (246 ) = No. of years in fathers age 6 years ago .
And 6 ( 2—6 ) + 6 = No. of years in father's present age .
But x + 30 = No . of years in father's present age .
Therefore by ax . 1. We have .
3-6 ) +
6 ( 6= +30. ( 1)
Multiplying in left member of ( 1 )

6x — 36 +6 = x + 30. (2 )
Transposing in ( 2 ) ( Ax . 2. Ax . 3. )
6. — x = 30 + 36-6 . (3)
Collecting terms in ( 3 ) .
53 = 60 .
Dividing ( 4 ) by 5. ( Ax . 5. )
x= 12 . (5)
x + 30 = 12 + 30 = 42 .
Hence the son is 12 years old and the father 42 .
4. Divide a3 +23 + 03—3abc by a + b + c.
Solution :
a3 +63 +63-3abc a + b + c
/
a3 + 2 + a2c Va2ab +62 - actc2bc
-226 - a2c +63 + 03—3abc
-02 - ab2 -abc
tab2 - a2c +63 + 03—2abc
tab2 + 03 + 020
-a20–62c + 03—2abc
-a2c -abc - ac2
tac2—62c7c3 - abc
+ac2 +bc2 +03
-abc - bc2-820
-abc - bc2-620
5. Factors ( a) 38—29x + 40.

(6) 343c3-1.
( C) 22 -ax - butab .
(a) 2646 .
Solution :
(a) 322—29x + 40 = ( 3x — 5 ) 248 ). (
( b)343 c3—1 = 170-1) (4902 + 70 + 1).
22
( c) ax -bx
+ab = r ( 2 - a ) ( -0 -a
)
( ma
) . ( 2–0 ).
( a) — 6yo = ( x3 + ) ( 348
).
-y
= ( + y) ( 22 - ay + ya ) ( ) ( 12 +ay + y2 ).
6. State the factor theorem .
Ans . If
any expression containing a reduces o when to
a is substituted for ~, thenx — a is a factor of that expres
sion .
7. Reduce the following to an integral or mixed expres
sion .
7
STATE OF KANSAS 3
a625
a3-3a2 + 2–1a
Solution :
a5_65 3102 + 40–20—55
= a2 + 3a + 10 +
a33a2 - a +2 a3_3a2 - at2
8. Factor and find the value of u in the quadratic :
22-12 = 0.
Solution :
02-2–12 = 0
(244 ) ( 2 + 3 ) = 0
Now either 3—4 = 0, or 8 + 3 = 0
If
- 430
x= 4
If
x + 3=
Hence = 4 or i -3
3
9. What benefit does the pupil derive from the construc
tion of graphs ?
Ans. Statistics of various kinds and many problems can
conveniently be illustrated and explained by graphic repre
sentation . So too does graphic representation of equations
render the subject more concrete and clear . Especially do
graphs illustrate the real character of simultaneous equa
tions . Thus the ability to use and understand graphic repre
sentation is of great benefit to the pupil .
10. Define coefficient and exponent.
Ans . Each of the factors of a number or the product of
any number of factors is called a coefficient of the rest of
the term ,
Any number written over and to the right of a number
expression is called an index or exponent, and , if a positive
integer, shows how many times that expression is to be
taken as a factor .
ARITHMETIC .
1. A man used a bicycle for a month and sold it 15 per
cent. below cost , receiving $ 29.75 for it . How much did
he lose ?
Solution :
Cost .15 of cost = .85 of cost .
If
The
.85 of cost = $29.75 .
cost = $29.75 :
.85 = $35 .
2. A man can mow two -sevenths of a field in one and
three - quarters hours. How many hours will it take him to
mow the whole field at this rate ?
Solution :
Ifa man can mow 24 of a field in 14 hr .; he can mow 74
of it in of it hr . or 78 hr . and 77, or all , of it in 7x } hr .
or 63 hr .
.3 If a horse is tethered by a 30 -foot rope , it can graze
over how many times as much ground as if the rope werd
but 20 feet long ?
Solutions . The areas of two circles are to each other as
the squares of their radii .
Area of the first circle : area of the second circle =
900 : 400 .
Area of the first : area of the second = 9 : 4.
Hence the first is 21 times the second .
4. What will it
cost to plaster a schoolroom 32 feet long ,
18 feet wide and 12 feet high at 32 cents a square yard , de
ducting 50 per cent . of the area of the walls on account of
background and openings ?
Solution :
18 ft . +32 ft . = 50 ft .
2x50 ft . = 100 ft . = Perimeter .
12x100x1 sq . ft . = 1200 sq ft. = Area of walls.
50 per cent. of 1200 sq . ft . = 600 sq . ft .
600 sq . ft
. + 9sq . ft = 6633 = No. sq. yd .
.32
664x $ 21.3343 Cost

=
=
$
.
the height
of
88
What tree that casts
is
5.
shadow
9 a
a
feet long
at
the same time that man feet inches tall

5
a
casts shadow feet inches long

7
8
a
Solution
:
The triangles are similar and the altitudes are propor

tional
to
the bases
.
51
ft
743 ft.:88
=
4
:
.
88x57
66
=
C
723
66
Therefore the tree high

ft
is
.
.
Reduce the following common fractions to decimals

6.
to ,
carrying two places only and again reduce the sum

to
, ,
16
common fraction 1-4 1-2 1-5 1-6 1-3 2-7 3-8

a
5
,
,
:
Solution
:
.25
.50
.20
48 2856
.1623
%%%
.331
%;
.28
STATE OF KANSAS 5
.3742 42
me = .3114 21
/195
84
2.42928 2928
=
42928 1185 237
-2
2.42928
2
=
100 2800 560
in
Name the three principal terms used percentage
7.
be ,
and show how when any two are given the third may
,
found
. .
Ans The three principal terms used percentage
in
are
the base the rate and the percentage
,
.
to
Given base and rate find the percentage
I.
.
=
bxr
II
.p
find the rate
to
Given base and percentage
.
.
P
III find
to
Given rate and percentage the base
.
.
р
= 5
?
Solve the following problem the six per cent meth by

8.
.
od Find the interest on 1575 for years month and
,
$
,
:
days
6
Solution
on :
,yr
Int for .18

at atat
% %%
=
$
$ $ $
1 1 1
- 1 3
6 6 6
. .
Int on for mo .005

.
Int on for da .001

6
.
.
3 .yr
Int
at
=
. da
on on
for
%
mo .186
of $ $ $1
. 6
6 $
. .
1 .
.
.yr
Int
=
da
1575 for
%
at
mo 1575x .186
6
= 292.95
.
triangular iron plate which has

of
Out piece
9
.
6 a
a
of
feet and an altitude

of
base inches feet 108 square

7
in ,
inches are cut How many square feet are left the piece
?
.
Solution
.sq :
the triangle
ft of
ft
No.
in
area 12x152x5 181

=
=
.
.sq.sq
. sq.sq
ft
108
18 . in
==
.
. .
*
.sq
ft
18
18
ft
}
.
.
sq
left the triangle

ft
Therefore there are

in
of .
a .
10. What the expense covering the floor

of
room
is
with plain matting one yard wide the room being 18x213
,
feet and the matting being worth yard allowing

30
3
cents
,
a
,
each strip for turning under

, on
inches extra Draw

6
a
?
plan the room showing how you would run the strips for
of
the most economical use the matting

of
.
Solution : Since the room is 18 ft . wide it will require 6

strips of matting 1 yd . wide . Since each strip is 22 ft. long
it will require 6x22 ft ., or 132 ft. to cover the hoom .
132 ft . = 44 yd .
44x $ .30 = $ 13.20 = cost of the matting .

1. In two or three paragraphs describe some picture you '
have seen and admired ?
2. Mention several important principles which should be
observed in teaching composition .
Ans . - A liking for good literature should be created by
presenting suitable subjects to be read , studied , copied , and
learned . Have pupils to talk and write freely about the
many things they see and know . Questions should be so
stated as to stimulate thought and develop clear ideas . The
use of correct written forms should be secured by giving
models for imitation , and by leading up to simple rules for
use of capitals , punctuation marks , and word forms. Cor
rect expression should be made habitual by calling for fre
quent repetition of the right forms and constantly suppress
ing the wrong
3. Briefly tell how you would conduct a language lesson
for fourth grade pupils , basing the lesson on observation .
Ans . - Have each pupil select a certain house and describe
it so accurately that the other pupils would be able to recog
nize it . Have them follow this order , making three para
graphs : 1. Size, shape , materials . 2. Porch , windows , roof.
3. Ornaments .
4. Discuss : “ The two ends to be attained in language
training in the elementary schools are : ( a ) Facility in the
expression of one's knowledge . ( b ) Skill in the use of
written forms . ''
.-
Ans ( a ) Facility in the expression of one's knowledge
is of utmost importance . T'he ability to express ideas
clearly and rapidly gives life , point , and interest to what
one says . By close observation and a great amount of
practice in talking and writing , facility in expression may
be acquired . ( 6 ) Skill in the use of written forms is essen
tial to good composition work . The proper use of capitals
and punctuation marks , as well as the principles of para
graphing , must be thoroughly taught .
5. Is the sentence or the word the unit of thought ? In
the study of grammar , which should come first ? Why ?
Ans . - The sentence is the unit of thought . The study
of language should therefore begin with the sentence . A
STATE OF KANSAS
the
its
knowledge of sentence and elements and their rela
another should logically precede any detailed
to
tion one
study
of
words and their forms
.
Show how you would develop inductively the idea
6.
of
an adjective
.
Ans By the use
of
of
certain class words we can add
.—
a
the meaning We can describe what
of
or to
names
it
noun
.
make more definite and certain Write the sentence
it
,
.
Some boys are playing ball Observe that some adds
“
.”
all
the meaning boys Boys alone means
to
boys
of
Some
, .
boys means smaller number Write the sentence Sour
a
“
.
apples are better than sweet apples The words sour and
. .”
the meaning apples Sour apples
of
sweet add
or
to
sweet
apples mean particular kind apples
or
of
class Words
a
..
the meaning nouns are called adjectives
of
which add
to
.
Write list sentences containing adjectives Have pupils
of
a
.
name the adjectives and tell what they describe
.
Show that the analysis the English sentence
of
7.
is
a
most valuable exercise English grammar
in
.
English grammar highly abstract science be
is
Ans
,
a
ofit .-
the study thought expressed symbols

of
cause The
in
is
.
By analyzing this unit
. we
unit thought the sentence
is
of , .
get the subject and predicate the two essential elements

By continuing the analysis the sentence we study the
the sentence
as
of
function and relation
in
the words such
.
By such means we get clearer ideas the noun the adjec
of
,
tive and the adverb These ideas may enlarged be
to
then
.
or
the ad
as
as
include the substantive phrase clause well
,
jective and adverb phrases and clauses Analysis will also

.
better enable one to see how others have expressed their

thoughts This will aid one criticise his own language
to
.
and improve
is it
.
What the difference between language lessons and

8.
grammar
?
language lessons
of
The purpose
to
Ans make correct

is
.
expression babitual to secure facility

in
of
the expression
,
of
one's knowledge and skill written forms The

in
the use
,
place before the pupil

an
purpose grammar lessons

of
to
is
2
orderly and intelligible statement the principles that

of
of
determine the structure words and sentences and

of to
,
teach the parts speech with considerable fullness

of
detail
in
their classes inflection and syntax

,
Discuss The study of formal grammar should not

9.
“
:
begin before the seventh school year

.
Ans difficult determine the exact time that

to
It
is
a
.
pupil should begin study any subject

of
to
the school course

.
much depends upon the natural ability the pupil his

So
of
,
environments , and his powers of application . Pupils are

able to acquire some understanding of the elementary prin
ciples of grammar before reaching the upper grades. Pupils
of the fifth and sixth grades can understand the terms noun
and verb as easily as name word and action word . Tech
nical work could be placed in grades below the seventi ,
gradually becoming more difficult as the pupil advances
This , with his previous years of language training , would
prepare the pupil for the more intense formal grammar of
the seventh and eighth grades .
10. Cite several instances illustrating how pupils may be
taught to make a practical application of their knowledge
of grammar .
Ans . — Pupils may be taught to make a practical applica
tion of their knowledge of grammar by story telling , repro
duction work , letter -writing , criticising other pupils ' work ,
observation lessons , and social conversations , etc.
GEOGRAPHY .
all
1. Asia is the largest, most populous of the contin
ents and has the oldest civilization Europe
It
to
lies next
,
of ,
the best known continent yet with the possible exception
,
is -
Africa the least known Give reasons

.
of .
Ans Until this century the people Asia were doing
.
nothing They
of
attract the attention civilized people

to
.
gave en no
of
discouraged Western ideas government

,
couragement useful inventions and ignored Western
to
literature
.
When the physiographic truths about given region

2
.
are known will this indicate anything about the people

,
and political geography that region

of
The position of mountain ranges

of
Ans flow rivers

,
,
, .
plains valleys kinds soils have always affected the

of
,
,
of
condition people determining their industries and

in
their relation other peoples

to
What treaty between the United States and great

3.
Why
of
power Europe came end January

onan
to
1913
1
?
,
What effect will have the commerce of the United

it
States
?
Ans Treaty between Russia and the United States Be

'
.
cause the Russian government refused recognize pass

to
In the
by
ports held American citizens who were Jews

.
on
Cong run will have no effect commerce for the Rus

it
sian government will new treaty honor the passports

in
a
? on .
Why that the trade winds cause heavy rainfall

4.
is
it
coasts against which they blow and deserts other places

in
,
Give examples prove this

to
.
STATE OF KANSAS 9
Ans. The moisture carried by the winds is condensed

on the tops of the ranges but so much of the moisture is
lost that the plateaus over which it passes on the other side
of the mountains get very little rain . Peru is almost rain .
less because the moisture across the continent from the
Atlantic is lost in the Andes . The deserts of Northern
Africa and Western Asia are other examples .
5. Why is it possible for the United States governments
to predict coming cyclonic storms ? Of what value are these
predictions ?
Ans . The Weather Bureau at Washington receives two
sets of telegrams each day ; one at 8 a . m . , the other at 8
P. m . Upon the intelligence received in the telegrams the
six
forecasts for the next thirty - hours are based Timely
.
warning the coming cyclone enables people
of
of . of
to
take
a
precaution against disaster
Give main causes ocean currents Give four rea
6.
.
sons why places the same latitude may have different
in
temperatures
.
Ans The circulation the water follows the cir

of
a
(
)
.
culation of the air The tradewinds blowing from the

.
of
northeast and southeast set the surface water the sea
regular were
be
motion The flow would not broken

upin
it
.
up
by
intervening land This breaking the
to
leads
.
the different currents we know
as
of
formation the Gulf

Stream Brazil Current etc. Height above the sea
b
,
;
(
)
distance from the sea prevailing winds local influences

;
;
.
Name some agricultural products common both
to
7.
Europe and the United States Name others that are found
.
Europe Why this differ

in
the United States but not

in
ence
?
Ans Wheat maize oats barley potatoes rye

a
6
,
of ,
(
)
.
(
)
is .
Cotton tobacco The climate the United States more

,
Europe and climatic conditions

of
diversified than that

,
make the growing certain crops easier

of
of
Describe the boundaries and surface the Balkan

8.
peninsula Name the Balkan countries

.
by
.
, on
, ; ; on
Ans Bounded the north Russia and Austria

;
.
the west by Austria the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea
the south by the Mediterranean and the Sea
on on
of
Marmora
by
the east Black Sea and Russia Greece Turkey

,
.
Montenegro Servia Roumania Bulgaria

,
Turkey
of
9.
Describe the government and people

.
Why
of
What are the chief industries the location the

is
?
chief city Why would Russia like have

so
to
favorable
?
this city
?
Ans Government Has been despotism under

a
a
a
.
(
)
:
ruler named the Sultan . Within the last few years efforts
have been made to establish a constitutional government ,
but not much progress is visible . ( 6 ) Industries : Cere
als wool and carpets.
, ( c ) Because of its situation at the
entrance to the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora ; also be
cause of its nearness to the Mediterranean and Asia . ( a)
Because it would give an outlet to the Mediterranean and
would connect Russia commercially by water with other
countries .
10. People often assert that peace is prevented by care
;
ful preparation for war in what sense can this be true ?
What must be some of the benefits of two years ' training
in the army , aside from preparation for war ? What effect
does this have on emigration ?
Ans . ( a ) It is true when other nations have large arma
ments , and there is always the temptation to attack a de
fenceless country . If all the governments would agree to
disarm , preparations for war would be unnecessary . ( 5 )
Benefits , a thorough training of the body ; development
of courage and endurance ; obedience . (c ) If the persons
so trained emigrate, they would probably be desirable citi
zens and valuable colonists .

1. Where have you studied this subject ? What text
books have you used ? What else have you read on this
subject ?
Åns . For the applicant .
2. Briefly review the history of the Panama canal
project .
Ans. Rights of French Panama Canal company bou
by United States government in 1903 ; in 1904 the newly
established Republic of Panama granted the United States
in perpetuity a strip five miles wide on each side of the
canal ; Panama to receive $ 10,000,000 in gold coin and
$ 250,000 annually . In 1906 the lock system was adopted
and work was begun in the summer of 1904. The canal
will probably be opened for navigation within the next
year .
3. Discuss one of the following topics : ( a ) Hay - Paunce
fote Treaty . ( b ) Electoral College.
Ans . ( a ) So named because it was negotiated for the
United States by John Hay , and by Lord Pauncefote for
Great Britain . The treaty was sent to the senate by Presi .
dent McKinley in 1900. The agreement was that the canal
should be constructed by the United States government , and
certain rights were allowed our government in time of war .
STATE OF KANSAS 11
No prohibition of the building of fortifications . This treaty

abrogated the Clayton - Bulwer treaty . ( b ) The body which
elects the president and vice president of the United States .
The number of members from each state is equal to the
whole number of representatives the state sends to both
branches of congress . There is no meeting of the Electoral
College . A member from each state takes the vote to
Washington . The votes are opened and counted in the
presence of both houses of congress assembled in the cham
ber of representatives. The two persons who receive the
highest number of votes for president and vice president
are declared elected .
4. Name ten of the principal inventions or discoveries
of the last fifty years .
Ans . Telephone , automobile , electric lights , phonograph ,
discovery of the North Pole , discovery of the South Pole ,
airship , modern threshing machine, self -binder , sulky , steam
and gang plows.
5. Locate , giving a brief statement as to importance in
history : Gadsden Purchase , Richmond , Mason and Dixon
Line, Valley Forge , Bunker Hill .
Ans . ( a ) After the Mexican War , the United States
and Mexico differed in regard to the boundary . A treaty
1 was negotiated with Mexico through James Gadsden in
1853 , and a tract , 45,535 square miles in area , was bought
from Mexico for $ 10,000,000 . The land is partly in New
Mexico, partly in Arizona . , ( ) The capital of Virginia
and of the Southern Confederacy . It was the center of
much of the fighting — 1861-1865 — and was the goal toward
all
which the Northern armies were struggling The

c
.
(
)
boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland general
ly
It to
the dividing line between the free and slave

be
taken
states gets its name from two English engineers
.
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon who surveyed

—
the
in
Washington's winter quarters

on
line 1763-67 the

d
(
)
.
Schuylkill The soldiers were poorly clothed

in
1777-18
.
and fed and suffered greatly Battle fought on June

,
e
(
)
.
in
17
1775 what now Boston between the American

is
,
,
colonists and the British The battle was important that

in
.
showed conclusively that the colonists though largely

it
raw recruits could successively fight regulars

,
of.
Mention the principal public services

. 6.
Grover Cleve
land
Ans He did great deal reforming the civil service
in
a
.
in
that efficiency should weigh more than political

so
fluence He was influential settling the dispute be

in
.
in
tween Great Britain and Venezuela regard

to
boundaries
.
Review briefly the presidential campaign

of
7.
1912
,
.
1
Ans . William H. Taft was the nominee of the Republi .

can party ; Theodore Roosevelt_of the Progressive party ,
and Woodrow Wilson of the Democrats . The Socialists
also had a ticket in the contest . The chief issues were the
tariff and the trusts .
8. Who are the following : Joseph Cannon , George H.
Hodges, W. H. Thompson , Elihu Root , Oscar Underwood ,
Hiram Johnson , P. P. Claxton , Andrew Carnegie , Champ
Clark , Jane Addams ?
Ans . ( a ) Many years in congress , and a long -time
speaker of the House of Representatives. ( 6 ) Governor of
Kansas . ( c ) United States senator from Kansas . ( d)
United States senator from New York . ( e ) Leader of the
Democrats in the House of Representatives . ( f ) Governor
of California . ( 9 ) United States commissioner of educa
tion . ( h ) Retired multi -millionaire in New York .
Speaker of the House of Representatives . ( ) Distinguished j
worker in the slums of Chicago . She has done great good
to " the submerged tenth ” of that city .
9. Give a brief account of Lincoln's Emancipation
Proclamation .
Ans. On September 22 , 1862 , President Lincoln issued
a proclamation which stated that on January 1 , 1863 , "
all
slaves within any state part
or
as
person held designated
be
in
the people whereof shall then rebellion
of
state
a
against the United States

be
shall then thenceforward

,
,
and forever free
"
.
10. Explain briefly Initiative and referendum commis
,
:
government parcel post law

) of
sion form
,
Ans The initiative and referendum means that the

a
.
(
law
re
legislature submits the people for approval
or
to
a
jection system governing cities In

of
A
modern
b
.
.
(
)
electing council members by wards

of
stead commission
in a
,
elected by the entire city The number Kansas

is
is
is .
five and the mayor

inof
or
three one the commission

c
(
)
.
The parcel post was recently put operation

It
allows
.
large parcels greatly reduced rates

of
be
at
postage
to
sent
.
READING
.
What silent reading Give practical suggestion

1.
is
a
?
How may pupils their ability

be
for
in
teaching tested
it
.
read silently
to
Ans Silent reading gathering the thought from

is
1
. a
.
-
printed page through the eye ithout any muscular action

by
reading may taught furnishing

he
an
Silent best abun

suitable and interesting reading matter Pupils
of
dance
.
STATE OF KANSAS 13
may be tested judicious questions on the subject matter

which they have previously read by themselves .
2. Explain the tendency of the lips to move during silent
reading . Are you conscious of any muscular action be
sides that of the lips when reading silently ? so , what ? If
In
its
Ans . 2— All consciousness is motor in tendency
.
reading thoughts and ideas are aroused
of
the process
which tend result expression The tendency of
to
the
in
.
lips move during the reading
to the fact that the
to
due
is
sight the word sugests lip movement
in of which would take
of
to In
place the pronunciation the words reading silent
.
in
am
frequently conscious
ly
tendency
of
act accord
a
I
suggestion For example
of
with
to in
ance the the text
,
.
reading about any certain action there tendency
is
a
,
perform the act itself
.
What image occupies your mind immediately before
3.
printed word Is an im
it
or
phrase
of
the utterance
a
?
of
of
or
age the speech

, of
the sound muscular movement

,
organs or some other image Try the experiment and

?
(
report the result
.)
—
Ans People differ greatly this respect some
in
in
3
;
.
the sound which occupies the mind

an
image
of
in
is
it
;
of
an
speech
of
others idea the muscular movement the
it
is
organs think intently generally feel

in If
of
word
to a
a
I
I
.
tendency the vocal organs produce the movement

pronunciation
its
necesary
in
reading
In
of
silent should the same rules time em
4.
,
phasis force quality etc. applied reading aloud
be
as
in
,
?
,
Give the reason for your answer

be .
Ans These rules cannot applied silent reading

—
in
4
.
they refer articulation and vocal expression

to
because
rather than thought gathering through the eye Expert
.
readers frequently read with great rapidity passages which

would require slow oral reading
.
the purpose of silent reading

as
What compared
5
is
.
reading aloud
of
with that
?
—
Ans One reads silently for his own edification He

5
.
reads aloud partly for the benefit

of
those who listen

is
of .
on
of
reading the imagination

of
What
6.
the effect
the reader What the effect on the imagination
is
one
.
who hears another read

?
In
Ans Images are usually visual listening the

6
–
.
.
by
mental images are awakened the reader's

of
the sound
voice and their nature and vividness depends somewhat
upon the reader's skill
.
What hinders the reader from gaining from the

7.
printed page the complete thought

of
the writer
?
Ans.7 - Printed words only partially convey the thought

of the writer . Another hindrance results from the reader's
lack of expression and sometimes there is failure to give
close attention to that which he reads .
8. What is meant by the setting of a poem , story or
other literary composition ? Of what importance is the
setting in teaching reading ?
Ans. 8 – The setting of a literary composition includes 1
the circumstances surrounding the scenes or persons de .
scribed or introduced . A poem or other work of literature
cannot be understood unless the reader has some compre
hension of the setting .
9. Illustrate by reference to some piece of literature the
use of nature and human experience as sources of a writer's
material .
Ans. 9 — In Tennyson's “ Break , break , break , the waves
dashed upon the shore are used by the poet to illustrate
the human emotion . The parable of the prodigal son is
an illustration of the use of human experience in an effec
tive way .
10 . When is repetition desirable and when is it unde
sirable in the choice of reading matter for class use ?
Ans . 10 — Repetition is desirable when the object is to
deal in the mechanics of reading or when the subject mat
ter cannot be sufficiently understood by a single reading .
Repetition is undesirable when the subject matter is not
sufficiently important or interesting to justify the time thus
spent .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. each applicant spell the following words : analyze,
Let
decimal, poultice , rhume , mischief, hosiery, militia , gaiter ,
clique, faucet , cancel , prairie , raspberry , scarcity , sphere ,
anxious , sanguine, caucus , muscles , query , upholsterer , scythe ,
quotient , tissue, circuit . (Give a credit of two for each
word spelled correctly .)
2. Give the plural of the following words : ratio , echo ,
folio , solo , quarto , portico , fresco, volcano, potato , studio .
Is there any rule for the forming of the plurals of nouns
ending in " 0 " ' ? If so , what is it ?
,
Ans . - Ratios, echoes , folios , solos, quartos porticoes,
frescoes, volcanoes , potatoes , studios. They generally form
their plurals by adding es if the o is preceded by a conso
nant . But there are many exceptions .
3. Define the following suffixes and give an illustration
ile
of each : en mit, , ish age

,
,
.
Ans
Able
. STATE OF KANSAS
( a) To make. Ennoble . ( b ) To send . emit . ( c )

to be , belonging to , easily . Juvenile . ( d ) Like , to
make . Boyish . ( e ) Collection of , state of, act of. Tonnage.
15
4. In what grades would you require the use of the un

abridged dictionary ?
Ans . - From fifth to eighth .
5. What special helps would you give to dull spellers ?
Ans . - Direct their attention to irregular spellings as in
Question 2 of this set ; also combinations as of e; and ie
as in receive , grieve , homonyms, forming of derivatives from
root words .
PENMANSHIP .
1. How may an easy muscular movement be acquired ?
Ans . By practice in blackboard work in making large
letters and other forms .
2. How much time should be devoted to the writing
period each day ?
Ans . It depends on the size of the school , and whether
it is in the city or country . About twenty minutes .
3. Write three exercises designed to develop a free
lateral movement .
all
Write correctly
of
4. the small letters the alphabet
.
Space properly
.
Write the capital letters just

5.
you would teach

as
pupils write them

to

.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING in .

1-3 How does the child differ from the adult the
.
following particulars Objects

of
interest
a
d 6
( ?
(
)
( (
) )
.
of
Power Power thinking

of
attention sustained
c
)
.
Will power
a or
self control
of
Retentiveness memory
e
(
.
-
Ans 1-3— The child interested things which are

in
is
(
)
.
immediately and directly attractive the adult

in to
the senses
;
objects
or
as
as
of
well
in
in
remote concern ideas

present objects The wider the experience the greater the
.
range changing ob
of
interest The child attends

to
b
.
(
)
jects the adult has greater power

on
of
concentration
;
rea
single object Sustained thinking objects

of
in
c
)
.
(
other things
of
to
lation characteristic the adult mind

is is
thought more easily distracted

of
The train child

" in
a
than an adult Children are not usually

in
absent
.
more likely
be
minded The child governed by

to
is
In d
(
)
.
impulse the adult the will should control

un
but
;
.
1
fortunately some are always children in this respect . ( e)
Individuals differ , but as a rule the child is more retentive ;
for example , a child acquires the use of language more
readily than an adult .
4-6 Give a practical suggestion for a teacher relating
to each of the items in the list above .
Ans . 4-6— ( a ) Do not expect children to be interested
greatly in abstract ideas . Concrete objects should be used . 1
( b ) Do not require too prolonged efforts at attention . ( c )
Lead pupils gradually to see things in their relations but
do not expect a child to reason from the first .
(d) Train pupils in self control. Give them opportunity ,
at least occasionally, to decide matters for themselves .
( e) In childhood teach subjects that require memory
rather than the reasoning faculty .
7. How may the activities of the school be connected with
-
the life of the community ? Why is this desiralle .
Ans . 7 One way is by selecting subjects for written
compositions from common occupations. Home problems
may be discussed in schools and questions of local import
ance . The study of local geography and history may be
made interesting and profitable . Such connection may
benefit the home by developing loyalty to home interests .
It benefits the school by making it more practical .
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages to a
pupil of having the same teacher for several terms in suc
cesion ?
Ans. 8— It is an advantage to the pupil if there is a good
understanding between teacher and pupil which requires a
considerable time to develop . If
the teacher is not changed
frequently much time is saved in preventing the repetition
which a new teacher is likely to require . On the other
hand if the teacher is not gifted a bright pupil may fail to
make continuous progress , unless he has the opportunity of
coming into contact with new personalities .
9. Of what benefit to a teacher are pupils ' examination
questions prepared by another person ; e. g ., the bi -monthly
questions ?
Ans . 9 — The teacher may fail to recognize important
things unless attention is directed to them by another ser
son . If a teacher is expected to prepare pupils for an ex
amination on questions originated by another person , the
instruction is likely to be more thorough than would other
wise be the case .
Mention some school practice which bears directly
10.
on character training , and tell how character is affected
by it .
STATE OF KANSAS 17
Ans. 10 — The ordinary school virtues of punctuality ,

obedience , orderliness and attention to worthy things
all
bear directly character training practiced habitually
on
if
.
nothing more than
be
to
of
Character aid bundle habits
is
.
.
given
be
Describe the first care
to
1
broken bone
.
.
Briefly Nature's in healing
I
describe process the fracture
.
simple break put the limb
If
Ans the fracture
is
(a
a
)
.
In
into splints before removing the patient case the
.
fracture compound fracture with bone protruding from
is
a
the skin first dress the wound and stop the bleeding and
,
then put the temporary splints The inner layer

on
(
)
.
throws out living prolaplasmic bone cells into
of
periosteum
the space between the broken ends and these bone cells
,
make real bone which cements and mends the fracture
.
What sprain Indicate care and treatment
is
2
a
.
of ?
.
Ans Injury the ligaments that bind the bones
at a
(
)
.
together novable joint The ligaments are more
or
a
Keep the sprained joint

as or
less stretched torn hot
in
b
be(
)
.
an
as
water hot can borne for about hour follow

,
;
,
this with cold water and then bandage the joint giving
it
,
partial rest for several days

.
Name the organs

of
What the nature

3.
is
excretion
.
Bright's disease Diabetes

of
?
?
Ans Lungs kidneys skin liver intestines
6
a
(
)
(
)
.
.
the urine excreting tubules
of
inflammation
in A
destructive
the kidneys that destroy the cells lining the tubules
.
These cells which are the real excreting cells die and then
,
,
pass from the kidneys with the urine and are then called
casts Urea now collects the body and poisons
in
it
.
c
(
)
.
by
of
sugar
in
Diabetes known the presence the urine

is
.
Although the kidneys excrete sugar from the blood abnor
mally in
this disease probable that the liver
to
is
it
is
blame Perhaps transforms the sugars reaching from

it
it
.
the processes of digestion into the wrong kind of sugar

out into the blood
it
before sending
.
4.
Discuss the dangerous effects resulting from wearing

high heeled shoes
-
Ans High heeled shoes aside from making gracefulness

-
,
.
walking impossible are apt occasion corns and injure

in
to
,
the arch of the foot

of .
Two bottles the same size are filled with hot water
5.
a .
wrapped with dry handkerchief the other with

is
One
a
wet handkerchief After half hour test will show the

a
a
.
bottle wrapped with the wet handkerchief cold the other

is
,
!
still warr .. Explain . Will wet and dry clothing have

similar effects in the body ?
Ans. (
a ) The bottle of hot water wrapped with the wet
handkerchief cools on account of the evaporation of the
moisture in the handkerchief . The heat energy in the water
was expended in changing the liquid water in the hand
kerchief to water vapor.
heat is concerned .
(b ) Yes , as far as loss of body
However , the loss is made up by in
creased heat making in the body .
6. Discuss the nature of colds . How prevented ? How
cured .
Ans.( a ) Colds are local inflammations caused by bac
.
teria If
the vitality of a person is low on account of a
sluggish liver , sluggish skin , great loss of heat on account
of wet clothing or other causes , the bacteria multiply rapid .
ly and produce certain poisons that cause the well known
phenomena of colds . ( b ) By avoiding dust as far as possi
ble, and by keeping the body aggressively healthy so it will
successfully resist the attack of the cold producing bacteria .
All excretions from mouth and nose should be destroyed . ( c )
Rest , hot baths , hot lemonade , avoiding changes of tempera
ture .
7. Describe a complete nerve cell .
Ans . A nerve cell or neuron consists of a nucleated pig .
mented , protoplasmic cell body and one or more protoplas
mic thread -like extensions called " processes . In many
nerve cells there are several processes that carry nerve
messages to the cell body . These are sometimes short and
tree-like in shape and sometimes long and thread - like with
branched beginnings . Physiologically these are classed as
" dendrites . " There is never but one out - going process
from the cell body . It is the " axon . ” It carries the
nerve impulse from the cell body and at its distant end
sub -divides into many fine branches which inter -twine with
the beginning branches of the neuron of the next nerve
cell in the chain of cells . This mesh -work of inter - locking
branches is called a " synapse ” and is believed to be a
highly important structure .
8. Explain ( a ) How we hear ; ( b ) How children often
in jure their eyes .
Ans. ( a ) Vibrations in the air ( sound waves ) enter the
outer ear . beat upon the drum membrane and throw it
into vibration . This in turn throws into vibration the ham .
mer , anvil , and stirrup bones . The stirrup bone fits into
the oval window and against an elastic membrane in such
a way as to transmit vibrations to the membrane and the
liquids of the internal ear which in turn excite the begin .
STATE OF KANSAS 19
nings of the auditory nerve in such a way as to cause a

nerve message to go to the brain and cause a feeling or
sensation which we call a sound . ( b ) By reading in light
that is too bright or too dim , or unsteady .
9. Tell how we may increase natural immunity to dis
ease .
Ans. By keeping the body at the highest point of vi .
tality ; and by the use of vaccination and introduction of
dead bacteria into the system to produce an artificial im
munity .
10. How may one with tuberculosis live in a proper
manner at home , so as to lesssen danger of contagion ?
1 Ans . The consumptive patient should destroy all excre
tions from the nose and mouth by use of carbolic acid or
fire ; should sleep alone in a well ventilated room ; should
use his own dishes which should be boiled after use ; should
do no kissing
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What illustrative material would you require in the
teaching of modern history ?
Ans. The best mapspolitical and relief - attainable ;
pictures ; busts ; poems; stereoscopic views.
2. What causes led to the French Revolution ?
Ans. - Centuries of misgovernment , the arrogance and
tyranny of royalty and aristocracy , brought about unbear .
able conditions .
3. What is meant by “ The Triple Alliance ' ' ?
Ans . It is an alliance between Germany , Austria - Hun .
gary and Italy.
4. Give evidences of the growth of democratio principles
of government in at least three countries in Europe .
Ans. - In both Turkey and Russia efforts have been made
to establish constitutional governments , and Norway , by the
election of a king , is almost a republic .
5. What caused the struggle between the Balkan States
and Turkey ? Name the Balkan States .
Ans . - The tyranny of the Turkish government . Bulgaria ,
Servia , Montenegro , Greece , Turkey .
6. What events in history do the following names and
terms suggest to you : Gladstone , oid Regime, the Iron
Chancellor , Trans - Siberian Railway , Tripoli , George W.
Goethals , Madero ?
Ans . (a ) Home Rule for Ireland . (b ) A term applied
to old royal rule in France , before the Revolution . ( c )
Vladivostock . (
Name given to Bismark . ( d ) The railway from Moscow to
e) The war between Italy and Turkey . ( f )
The Panama Canal . ( 9 ) The war in Mexico .
7. Name the youngest of the South American republics .

To what country did it belong originally ?
Ans. - Brazil . Portugal .
8. What kind of map would you use in teaching modern
history ?
Ans . - See Answer 1.
9. Where would you instruct your pupils to look for the
history of the world each day, week and month !
Ans . - In the telegraphic dispatches in the newspapers ;
also in articles in periodicals and magazines .
10. What modern histories have you read ?
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. What definition of civil government would you give
your pupils ?
Ans. It is on a larger scale and in the state or nation
what good government is in the home or school .
2. What use would you make of the school library in
the teaching of civil government ?
Ans.I would refer pupils to all books relating to gove
ernment anywhere .
3. How would you show the working of government in
the city ? In the country ?
Ans. - Pupils might in compositions show the workings
of each office . To one might be assigned the mayor , to
another the fire department, county commissioners, etc.
4. What does impeachment mean in Congress ? What
official has been on trial this winter ?
Ans. - It is an indictment or accusation . Judge Archbold
of Pennsylvania was impeached and convicted in the Senate .
5. What amendment to the constitution of the United
States is now before the state legislatures for ratification ?
Ilow did it come before the legislatures ?
Ans . — The election of United States Senators by direct
vote . It was submitted to the legislatures by a resolution
of Congress .
6. Give the successive steps by which the woman suffrage
amendment was made a part of the constitution of Kansas .
Ans. - A resolution submitting the proposition to the
voters of Kansas was adopted in each house by a two - thirds
vote . At the following general election - November , 1912—
the amendment was approved by a majority of all the
voters who voted on the proposition .
.
7. What majority is required to pass a bill in the legis .
lature of Kansas ? In Congress ?
Ans ( a ) A majority of all the members elected to each
house . ( b ) A majority of the majority in each house .
STATE OF KANSAS 21
8. How do national banks differ from state banks ?

Ans . — National banks are established under Federal laws ,
and are subject to the inspection of Federal officials . State
banks are established under state laws , and are under state
supervision only .
9. When and where was the constitution of the United
States made ? The constitution of Kansas ?
Ans . ( a ) At Philadelphia , in 1787. ( b ) At Wyandotte ,
in July , 1859 .
10. What books on civil government have you read ?
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. Name three towns that were founded by pro - slavery
people ; two that were founded by free -state people .
Ans .- ( a) Atchison , Leavenworth , Lecompton . ( b ) To .
peka, Lawrenco.
2. Who wrote the “ Song of the Kansas Emigrant ' ' ?
Ans . - John G. Whittier .
3. Name three great obstacles the free -state people had
to overcome in forming a stable government in Kansas .
Ans. - Antagonism of the Federal government ; coloniza
tion from slave states ; Dred Scott decision .
4. Give one or two important differences between the
Lecompton constitution and the Wyandotte constitution .
Ans. — The Lecompton constitution was made in the inter
ests of slavery ; the Wyandotte constitution was for the
broadest freedom .
5. Name three colonies in Kansas from foreign lands ;
and tell why the colonists came to Kansas , and where they
settled .
Ans . - Colony of Swedes in McPherson County ; central
town , Lindsborg . French -Canadian settlement in Cloud
County . German -Russian colony in Ellis County . All came
because there were greater opportunities to acquire larger
farms and more comfortable homes in Kansas .
6. Name three important events under Governor Carney's
administration . Why do you consider them important ?
Ans . - Coming of the Homestead law ; Quantrill's raid ;
the founding of the state educational institutions .
7. Besides the state text , what books would you study
for the history of Kansas ?
Ans. - For reference , “ Wilder's Annals . ' For reading ,
Gladstone's Kansas ; Connelley's Brown and Lane ; Governor
and Mrs. Robinson's books , and other books on the pioneer
days .
8. Beginning with 1861 , give the successive steps in
granting suffrage to women .
Ans . —Women in school district meetings were given the

right to rote subject to the same disqualifications as men .
In 1887 the right to vote in cities of the first , second and
third class was given . In November, 1912 , women were
granted full suffrage in the state .
9. What Kansas books - prose , poetry or fiction - have
you read ?
10. doing now promote bette farm-
in
What Kansas
to
is
'
ing and make farm life more desirable
to
?
,
in
Ans Courses agriculture have been put our schools
in
—
;
.
the Kansas State Agricultural College holding farmers
is
'
all
parts the state for the
of
purpose dis
of
institutes
in
cussing better ways farming and experiment farms have
of
,
of
been attached number schools
to
a
.
ENGLISH LITERATURE
.
Review briefly The Perfect Tribute What elements
it 1.
.
appeal you most
in
to
Review for applicant The touching way
in
Ans which
.
.
the great President's personality reached the Southerner's
His expression stranger
as
heart never liked much
,
a
“
.
, I
such short order before tells the whole story

in
.
half dozen lines from The Deserted Village
2.
Quote
a
.
Ans
.
arguing too the parson owned his skill

In
;
,
“
For e'en though vanquished could argue still

he
,
.
learned length and thundering sound
of
While words
,
Amazed the gazing rustics ranged around
And still they gazed and still the wonder grew
,
That one small head could carry all ,

he
knew
"
.
Point out the details which show Goldsmith's vivid

3.
imagination the poem The Deserted

in
in
reminiscence
,
T'illage
.
The village preacher's home his relation his

to
Ans
;
; .
people the schoolmasters the village inn the simple life

;
everywhere
.
the story Snow Image

of
4.
Give brief summary

a
Ans For applicant

the
.
Name several books you have read recently Which

5.
one did you enjoy most Why

?
?

.
of.
Discuss the value memorizing selections

in
6.
the
of
study literature
.
Ans The memory strengthened but that the least

is
is
,
.
the mind are stored great thoughts

In
value beautiful
,
.
language inspiring portraits

of
noble men and women

re
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 23
fining influences.
7. Give a brief biography of Hawthorne .
Ans . Born at Salem , Mass ., July 4, 1804. Graduate of
Bowdoin College ; classmate of President Franklin Pierce ;
weigher in the Boston customs house under George Ban
croft the historian , then collector of the port Hawthorne :
took early to literature , and wrote mach . Was surveyor
of the custom house at Salem ; wrote “ The Scarlet Let
ter ” there ; was seven years in Europe , five of these as
consul to Liverpool . He died in the White Mountains at
Plymouth on July 18 , 1864. His friend , Franklin Pierce ,
was with him . Hawthorne was a man of attractive pres
ence ; he had a fine face and a massive body . He was a
shy , silent man and lived much by himself .
8. Name six prominent American authors of today , and
a work of each .
Ans. Woodrow Wilson - Life of Washington . Henry
Van Dyke Little Rivers . Winston Churchill Richard Car .
vel
Ellen Glasgow The Battle Ground Mary Johnston

-
.
.
—The Long Roll Theodore Roosevelt African Game
-
.
Trails
.
.
to
What causes the soil wear out How may the

1.
fertility ?
of
be
the soil improved

?
Ans Raising the same crops year after year
on
the
.
same land will exhaust the soil The remedies are rotation
.
crops manuring
of
Which better for supplying humus

to
to
the soil
2
is
.
,
spread ashes over the ground plow decaying vege
or
in
to
table matter Why

?
?
To
in
Ans plow decaying vegetable matter Because

it
.
contains more fertilizing material

.
How does the plant gather nourishment from the soil

3.
. ?
Water carries plant food the parts the plant

to
Ans
of
.
The root hairs absorb water containing food material

Some roots store food for future use
.
of
Describe testing seed corn

4.
method
a
germinator
be
Ans Boxes
, in
Seed corn can tested

a
.
.
moistened blotting
do
filled with sawdust moss will

or
or
paper between two plates will answer the purpose

.
of
Describe the root the alfalfa plant

5.
Ans
or
Small bunches named tubercles nodules are on

.
the roots On these are innumerable bacteria and these

.
take nitrogen from the air

.
fair average yield wheat per acre

of
What
6.
is
a
?
In
Ans the west twenty twenty five bushels

or
-
.
.
7. Mention four advantages in keeping cows on a farm .

Ans . Gives milk , cream , butter , manure . The keeping
of cows leads the farmer to raise various grasses and that
leads to rotation of crops and an enrichment of the soil .
8. Mention four conditions favorable to germination of
seeds , and tell the effect of each .
Ans . A supply of moisture ; the necessary amount of
warmth ; air ; soundness of seed . Moisture promotes |
growth ; the temperature must be adapted to the seed ; air
is essential to all plant growth .
9. Describe the preparation of the ground for wheat
sowing .
Ans. Wheat has a shallow rootage ; hence , the plowing
need be but from four to seven inches in depth . Soon
after plowing the surface should be well harrowed. If the
grain is sown broadcast there should be another harrowing
to cover the seed . Sometimes the wheat is harrowed after
it has grown an inch or two . This , it is said , gives a ma
terial gain in the yield .
10. Why is deep cultivation harmful to the growing corn
plant ?
Ans. Because it injures the roots .
MUSIC .
1. What is a round ? How may it be used to advantage
in teaching ?
Ans . ( a ) A vocal composition for two or more voices
or parts , in which one part begins before the rest, others
beginning at a definite later time. The parts sing the same
music successively returning to the beginning for as many
repetitions as desired . Usually
all
to
parts end the song
gether round affords excellent practice inde
in
A
b
.
(
)
rendent part singing and may serve

to
interest some who

,
would not care sing other parts than principal melody

to
regular part songs

in
What musical principles may taught tetter through

be
2.
rote songs than by sight reading

of
the medium
?
Ans Pupils who are not ready readers may get through
—
,
.
rote singing good training pitch rythm and musical use

in
,
of voice
.
How may tone production taught prevent

be
so
as
to
3.
offensive harshness and straining

of
the voice
?
Ans By soft singing and downward training Sing

"
.'
.
descending passages softly carrying light smooth quality

,
to
upper tones into lower compass Restrain tendency

of
harsh loud singing

at
all times
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 25
4. Write the scale of B - flat, with syllable names beneath ,

on both the treble and the bass staff .
5. In this key
Ang .
(
B -flat ) what skarps or flats occur ?
B -fat and E - flat occur as diatonic tones , members
of the B - flat major scale .
6. Make on a staff the characters for the following :
whole note , half note , quarter note , eighth note . What is the
significance of these names ?
Ans . ( a ) For the applicant . ( b ) The characters called
notes are distinguished by their forms : The form of a note
parts head stem flag (" hook " ,
its
is the sum of
of —
its ,
“
'
The value duration indicating
is
stroke note
a
"
)
"'
.
power measured by rhythmic pulsations
or
beats The whole
is ,
.
note the standard of value Other forms bear names based
.
to
on their relation the standard
.
What
7.
is
measure
a
rhythmic pulse group group ?
of
Ans pulses
A
. A
beats
(
.
)
.
including one chief regular accent common definition
,
in
found many books viz The space between two bars

of ,
,
“
”
:
not definition the space along the
of
measure but
is
on a
staff rests representing

or
which the notation notes
(
a
)
Even this may not always
be
be
measure may placed true
,
.
rhythmic measure may begin with part other than the

as
a
a
chief regular accent the notation grouped before and after

,
one bar
.
by
the key
as of
What musical composition

8.
is
meant
in " a
?
key has been defined family
of
a
Ans tones
A
,
re to ”
“ .
'
group dependent relation

of
or
also system tones

,
a
of
key
or
repose tone tonic Other members impress

a
a
unrest According
to
of
with
ofor
more less action the

,
lationship the tonic keys are either major

to
other tones
,
keys result from the pos

of
or
minor The different names

.
sibility producing any given set relationships

of
of
at
By
com
various degrees pitch the key

is of
of
musical
a
“
.
.
position then meant what may be termed pitch

its
,
G ",
applied the pitch name

of
level which the tonic flat

to
, is
,
B
-
major minor etc.

,

June 20 and 21 , 1913 .
ARITHMETIC .
What is the cause and what is the remedy for lack of
1.
accuracy in pupils ' work in arithmetic ?
Ans . One cause of inaccuracy is the lack of sufficient
too
as
drill in the fundamental operations. It is
by often
is to
sumed the teacher that pupil does not need practice
a
frequently process once learned The remedy repeated
a
.
drill and practice
.
Explain the terms and symbols used
as
in
division
2
.
you would teaching class beginning this subject

if
of a
.
to
Ans The process division performed determine
is
.—
or
how many times greater one number than another into
is
may
be
how many parts given size divided
of
number
a
a
.
be
called the dividend the num

to
The number divided is
;
ber indicating the size the parts
of
the divisor and the
is
;
the number showing into how many
or
of
result the division

parts the dividend may called the quotient
( be
divided
is
.
of
The symbol division :-) indicates that the number

preceding be divided by the number following
to
is
it
.
Division may also be indicated by writing the dividend
above and the divisor below horizontal line This method
a
often used when the dividend less than the divisor .

or is
is
is
when the operation indicated but not actually

be
. to
performed The sign equality
=
as
of
fractions
is
in
,
)
(
placed between the indicated division and the quotient
is .
When large numbers are
be
divided the operation

to
,
by
indicated curved line separating the divisor from the

a
dividend The quotient

or
written above the dividend
is
.
the right separated by curved line

at
Explain fully the process the following Multi

in
3.
:
In6/7
by
34
ply
.
by
-
Ans multiplying
34
multiply
6h
the first step

to
is
.
by the numerator Six times 194. This product

34
6.
is
is
seven times greater than the result sought therefore 184

;
= 1828. The greater the

by
be
divided
7.
must 194
=
7
denominator the smaller the fraction fraction divided

is
.
by
increasing the number parts into which the numer

of
its
be
ator divided The result 1828 should

to
is
reduced
,
,
by
.
lowest terms dividing both numerator and the denom

or by
14
=
34
34
inator the same number 1828 Therefore

%
x
,
1828 94
.
Express the following per cents

as
4.
fractions and the

STATE OF KANSAS 27
fractions as per cents : 25 % , 333 % , 40 % , 623 % ; 18, 12,

16, 23.
Ans. — 25 % = 14; 331 % = 13; 40 % 36 ; 624%= ; 58
% ; 4 = 663 %.
Y = 121 % ; 12 = 50 % ; 16 = 163department
5. À salesman's sales in a store in a city
amounted , during the six days of one week , to $27.70 ,
.
$ 103.10 , $ 175.02 , $ 132.30 , $302.25
, $50.63 . He receives
21 % on his sales . How much did he receive that week ?
Ans 21 % of $ 1021 $ 1021 X.023
$ 257.70
103.10 $ 1021
175.02 .023
132.30
302.25 2042
50.63 3403
$ 1,021.00 Total sales . $23.824 Commission on sales .
6. What is the amount of principal and interest on $ 750

borrowed February 10 , at 6 per cent, and $ 1800 borrowed
.
April 15, at 5 per cent , the payment in both cases being
made on September 20 of the same year ?
Ans
9 mo . 20 da .
2 10
7 10
6 % of $ 750 = $45, Int . on $ 750 for 1 yr .
72 of $45
1930 of 112 of $45
- $ 26.25
1.25
Int . for
Int . for
7 mo.
10 da .
$ 27.50 Int . for 7 mo . 10 da .

750.00 Principal.
$ 777.50 Amt. first note .
9 mo. 20 da .
4 15
5 5
5 % of $ 1,800 = $90 , Int . on $ 1,800 for 1 yr .
542 of $90 $ 37.50 Int . for 5 mo .

5/30of 112 of $ 90 1.25 Int . for 5 da .
$38.75 Int . for 5 mo . 5 da .

1,800.00 Principal.
$ 1,838.75 Amt . second note .

777.50 Amt . first note .
$ 2,616.25 Total amt . prin . and int.
7. Three men own lots having frontages of 35 feet , 40

feet , and 50 feet , respectively , on the same street. They
are assessed $150 for street improvement . If
assessed ne
cording to frontage , what should each pay ?
Ans . - The total frontage is 35 ft. + 40 ft . + 50 ft . or
125 ft . The three men should pay respectively 354125 , 40125,
and 50125 of the cost.
35425 of $ 150 $42
40125 of $ 150 $48
50125 of $ 150 $ 60
8.A piece of brickwork 279 feet long is completed in 21
days. At this rate , how long would it take to complete a
piece twice as high and 651 feet long ?
Ans . - If it requires 21 days to complete a piece of brick
work 279 ft . long , it will require 42 days to complete a
piece of the same length and twice as high . One linear foot
will require 44279 day ; and 651 linear feet will require
44379 X 651 days or 98 days .
9. A city building lot , rectangular in shape , is advertised
as having an area of 2107 square feet . The lot has a front
age of 21 feet 6 inches . What is the depth of the lot ?
Ars. - The area of a rectangle is the product of the the
length and breadth . If the area of the lot is 2107 sq . ft.
and the frontage 21
98 feet .
ft . 6 in ., the depth is 2107
; 21.5 or
10. A school flag pole is broken by the wind 16 feet

from the ground . The two pieces held together, and the top
of the pole touches the ground 30 feet from the base . Find
the length of the pole .
Ans .— The two parts of the broken pole and a line ex
tending from the base to the top of the broken pole form
a right angled triangle , the hypotenuse of which is to be
found , the square of which is the sum of the squares of the
other two sides . Therefore , the length of the fallen part
of the pole is the square root of the sum of the squares
of 30 and 16 .
STATE OF KANSAS 29
Square of 30 = 900
16 256
Sum of squares = 1156

Square root of 1156 = 34 .
16 ft . + 34 ft . = 50 ft., length of polé .
ALGEBRA .
the
1. Distinguish between algebraic sum and difference
and the arithmetical sum and difference
.
Ans.In finding the algebraic sum and difference the
sign quality whether positive negative
of
taken into
or
is
as ,
,
consideration well as the absolute value of the numbers
of .
In finding the arithmetical sum only the absolute value
the numbers taken into consideration
is
.
Add the polynomials and check the result
2.
. -
:
-
-
ab
ab
62
02
b2
b2
a2
a2
ab
+
+
+
.
Solution
a2 a222
b2 b2b2
+ ++
+ ++
=
ab
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
=
==
++
+
ab
-
ab
-1
=
+
-
-1
a ab
+
-a2 362
=+
.1 =
=
1
3
In put =
=
checking
b
,
Write the indicated products
-
3.
:
x 20
22
+ d2
+ + 2c
xy +
—
c b a
32 x (
( (
( ) )
( ( (
) ) )
)
) 5n
3n
cy
.
(
y2
(
-
Solution
20-02
–
) d2
d4
2c
xy +
4c2
) x2=
,
c b a
(
(x ( (
( ( (
) ) )
— 5n
=
3n
++
2n2 1592
x2 a
2
.
(
73
y2
—
+
3
y
.
-
(
)
Factor
4.
26
++ +
+
12.3 36
a
.
( ( (
) )
3.2 63
) b
9
24
1142 28
c
.
-
Solution
26
28= 36
3 =
x2 x3
+
+ +
12x3
+
) b) )a
) 2x 6
( + 2
( ( (
( ( (
3x2 63
+
9
of a23
–
)
-
a4
a2
—
-7
11a2
c
4
)
.
State the principle involved the following

in
5.
each
operations
on
fraction
a
:
Multiplying the numerator .

(a )
(6)Multiplying the denominator .
(c)Dividing the numerator .
Dividing the denominator .
( d)
Multiplying or dividing both numerator and denom
le )
inator by the same number .
Ans.- ( a ) Multiplying the numerator multiplies the

fraction , (b ) Multiplying the denominator divides the
fraction . ( c) Dividing the numerator divides the fraction .
( a ) Dividing the denominator multiplies the fraction . ( e)
Multiplying or dividing both numerator and denominator by
the same number does not change the value of the fraetion .
6. Find the product :

y2 + 3y + 2 y2-7y + 12
Х
y2-5y + 6 y2 + 8y +7
Solution.
y2 + 3y + 2
Х
y2 – 7y + 12
y2-5y + 6 y2 + 8y +7
(y + 2 ) (y +1 ) ( y -- 4 ) ( y -
- -
3)
Х
(y (y + 7) ( y + 1)
-
2) (y
-
3)
(y 2) (y + 7) (y + 2) (y 4)
7. Solve the
(y + 2) (y
equation
-4) (y
Х
2) ( y + 7 )
and show that the value of
- x which
you obtain is a root :
3 200 5 1 7
4+ + -0 .
C 11 3 C
Solution . - As the equation is written a quadratic it is

and can be solved as such . If
the denominator of the third
term be changed to " 1100" the equation is a simple equa
tion . Probably such was intended , but became changed
through an error in printing .
3 250 -5 1 7
4+ + ==0. ( 1)
1130 3
STATE OF KANSAS 31
Multiply ( 1 ) by 33.0
1.32a + 99 — 6 %+ 15 - 115 + 231 =0
115x = 345 (3)
3
To show that -3 is a root of the given equation , substi .
tute -3 for x in the equation and simplify :
3 -6-5 1 7
4+ +
3 -33 3 -3
4--1-1-3-70
3 — 93 = 0.
3-3 = 0
The equation becomes an identity . Therefore

root of the equation .
– 3 is a
The solution of the equation as given follows :

256
—5
1
4+
+
(1
)
30
11
3
Multiplying by
- 333
99
—113
+
132.0 6x2 15x 231 2

(
)
-
6x2 1365 330

+
(4)
(
)
9x6
by
-
Dividing
55
=
Completing the square the left membor

in
1156
343
=
—
22
55
+
to
68300
5
2
(
(
)
)
9
of
Extracting the square root both members
1651
— 343
2
7
(
)
3
Transposing
=343 +
1651
3
(8)
34 + 1651
=33 ( 34 + V 1651 )
8. The width of a rectangular room is three - fourths of
its length . If
the width were 3 feet more the room . would
be square . Find the dimensions of the room . Prove .
Solution.
Let i = No. of fe long ,
33
Then = No. of feet wido
4
37
and +3 - No. feet wide when ipcreased by 3 feet .
4
But by the condition of the problem the width becomes

equal to the length , therefore
33
+3 ( 1)
(2)
Multiplying ( 1 ) by 4
43 See
3 %+ 1%
a= 12
32
and
4
Therefore the rectangle is 12 feet long and 9 feet wide .

STATE OF KANSAS 33
PROOF : By the first condition the width must be three

fourths of the length .
9 is 34 of 12.
By second condition if the width were three feet
the
more the room would be square .
9 + 3 = 12 .
Thus both conditions are met by the dimensions 12 and 9.
.
& + 4y = 7
2x + 3y = 9
Solution
3 + 4y = 7
1
2.0 + 3y Se 23
Multiply ( 1 ) by 2
23 + 8y = 14 (3)
5y =5 (4)
Divide ( 4 ) by 5
1 (5)
Substitute value of y for y in ( 1)
& + 4 = 7 ( 6)
Transpose in ( 6 )
3 ( 7)
Therefore 3 = 3 and y 1.
CHECK : Substitute values of x and y in ( 1 )
3 + 4 =7
7 = 7
Substitute values of x and y in 2
6 + 3 = 9
9.
10. Find by factoring the roots of the quadratic :

32 + 766+ 12 0
Solution.
22 + 78 + 12 0
Factor the left member
(a + 4) ( + 3) = 0
This equation is satisfied if either factor equals 0.
If a + 4 = 0
If I to 3 0
-3
Hence x = -4 or -3.
1

!
GRAMMARAND COMPOSITION .
1. Name five different kinds of exercises that all lan
guage work should cover . !
Ans.- ( 1) To help children to talk and write freely
about the many things they see and know . ( 2 ) To mako
(
!
children more observing. 3) To make correct expression
habitual . ( 4 ) To secure the use of correct written forms.
( 5 ) To give some acquaintance with the principles of ele
mentary grammar .
2. Why should the teaching of language in the develop
ment of any subject be inductive ?
Ans . - The new can be only understood by relating it to
the old . By induction the old knowledge is called into
consciousness ; the new is compared with it ; the likes and
differences are established ; the new is related to the old
and absorbed into consciousness and becomes part of one's
knowledge. In other words, in the development of any
subject in the teaching of language, it is necessary to
proceed from the known to the unknown.
3. State briefly how you conduct an observation lesson
in the fifth grade.
Ans.— ( For the applicant . )
4. How are words classified ?
Ans . - Words are classified according to their use into
nouns , pronouns , adjectives , verbs , adverbs , prepositions ,
conjunctions and interjections .
5. Show how you would develop inductively the idea of
a preposition .
Ans. - Adjectives and adverbs are single words ; but lit
tle
words may the same way

be
groups
It
of
often
in
used
in .
happens that there no adjective

or
our lan
is
adverb
. . .
guage that will serve
to
as
modifier express our mean

a
ing and use such groups

of
to
necessary words
,
is
it
single word would take the place

of
no
For example these

,
by
groups The house the river hotel He came from

is
a
:
the city The bucket hung the well All such phrases
in
.
.
pronoun with words like of with from

or
contain noun
,
a
These words
or
by that connects with what modified

is
in it
,
usually come first the phrase and are called preposi

,
word that shows the relation of

.
tions preposition
A
is
a
.
its object some other word

to
Define and illustrate subjective complement and ob

6.
jective complement
.
subjective complement that de

is
Ans complement
a
or A
.
scribes explains the subject The man was poor His

.
trouble was poverty Poor and poverty are subjective com

.
An objective complement
as
plements word used

is
a
a
.
STATE OF KANSAS 35
second complement of a transitive verb , and referring to

the objective of it. Age makes a man feeble . Elizabeth
made Raleigh a knight . Feeble and knight are objective
complements .
7. What parts of speech are inflected ?
Ans . - Nouns , pronouns, verbs , adjectives and adverbs .
8. Name and exemplify five uses of nominative case .
,
Ans. - Subject predicate , apposition , direct address ,
pleonasm . ( 1) John lies under the trees . ( 2 ) He is now
an old man . ( 3 ) Webster , the statesman , made many
speeches . ( 4 ) Charles, shut the door . Gad , a troop shall
overcome him .
9. Discuss unity of the paragraph .
Ans . - In oral or written language we find groups joined
to form sentences ; groups of sentences joined to form
paragraphs ; groups of paragraphs joined to form speeches
or compositions . All of
the sentences in a paragraph have
come together in order to express the one idea that of
paragraph . A good paragraph is said have unity . All
of the sentences in it are about one thing . A paragraph
which is about two or
more things , or which contains sen
tences that do not belong together, is said to lack unity .
Itis a bad paragraph . Unity leads to clearness of state
ment because the thoughts march steadily from one sen
tence to another until the end is reached .
10. Give the construction of the italicised words in the
following :
Sculptors of life are we , as we stand , with our lives
Uncarved before us ,
Waiting the hour when , at God's command , our life
dream passes o'er us.
Ans .- " Sculptors " is the predicate nominative of the
clause , “ We are sculptors of life . ” * We ' is the nomin
ative case , subject of the verb " are. " As " is a con
junctive adverb , modifying the verb " stand . ' With '
is a preposition showing the relation between
its
object
,
lives and the verb bistand Uncarved the past

is
“
."
"
participle modifying the noun lives

is
."
"
'
3
"
we
the present participle modifying the second pronoun
.
When conjunctive adverb modifying the verb

a
is
”
"
the
passes proper noun

...
God's possessive
" " in
is
.
'
a
"
case modifying the noun Command

of
command
is
”
"
,
. .
preposition Us
at
of
object
is
noun the pro

a
"
,
' "
"
a
object the preposition

of
noun o'er
"
,
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
1.
Let each applicant spell the following words Neces

:
sary , separate , illioit, advertise, correspondent , excel , mis

cellaneous, impair , municipal , bulletin , ravenous, precedent,
derivative, bushel , infinite , realize , effervesce , assimilate,
definition , incurred , criminal, capitol , stating , appellate ,
Philadelphia .
2. Define ortho raphy and tell what mental processes
it involves .
Ans.The art of writing words with the proper letters
according to standard usage. International Dictionary . It
involves concentration , imagination and perception .
3. Give five root words and two derivatives from each .
Ans . - Port - report, import ; duct - conduct , aqueduct ;
act - actuary , transact ; low - lowly , lower ; jump - jumping,
jumper .
4. What incentives would you use to encourage pro
ficiency in orthography ?
Ans. - I would show the value of correct spelling in the
work of life ; and the discredit connected with poor spelling .
5. Give diacritical markings and accent, for address
(verb ) , address ( noun ), advertisement, envelope ( noun ).
Ans. See the dictionary .

1. reasons why food should be cooked .
Give three
food more palatable , digestible , and
Ans. — Cooking makes
free from living parasites and bacteria ,
.
2. Define bacteria and give three methods of killing
them .
are
Ans ( a ) Bacteria one celled plants that multiply

-
the middle and by the formation

or by
breaking
of
two
in
in
by
By dry heat
as
seed like spores moist heat steam

b
;
-
boiling water by use

(
)
of
or
as
chemicals carbolic acid

;
formalin
Is .
by
drinicing water purified boiling freezing

3.
or
Why
?
Ans Yes both will free from such inorganic im

it
,
. as)a
.
(
all
purities clay but freezing will not kill the bacteria

,
contains Boiling and freezing cause more or less

it
of b
(
)
precipitation clay held suspension boiling

re
if
in
,
;
twice will kill all bacteria

or
peated once
.
Describe and locate the liver pancreas and intestines

4.
Ans Liver wedge shaped reddish brown fire

.-
,
a
,
(
)
lobed glandular organ in upper right abdomen just belov

diaphragm Pancreas spindle shaped pinkish gland
,
,
(b
.
lying back lower portion large

or
of
of
stomach the head

,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 37
end resting in the bend of the duodenum . ( c ) Small intes

tine , a tubular organ about one inch in diameter and
twenty feet long , consisting of mucous , muscular and serous
coats , and anchored by the mesentery ( which forms the
serous coat ) to the spinal column at the back of the ab
domen . ( 8 ) Large intestine , a tubular organ about two
inches in its widest diameter and five feet long , composed
of three coats , beginning at the lower right side of abdo
men , rising , crossing and descending left side of abdomen
ending with rectal exit .
5. Define appendicitis . Give cause and treatment .
Ans . ( a) Inflammation of the vermiform appendix ,
often ending in the formation of an abscess which may
1 rupture the organ . ( b ) Uncertain . Perhaps an irritation
of the interior of the appendix by such foreign substances
as seeds and bristles from a tooth brush ; or, a strain of
the abdominal muscles . ( c ) Fasting ; large doses of castor
oil
severe cases amputation

in
,
6. ;
.
What should be the temperature
of
be the school room
and how should the room ventilated
?
Seventy degrees Fahrenheit
of
Ans
at
distance
a
a
of
(
)
.
four feet above the floor By the use window

6
.
)
(
boards one inch thick by six inches wide by length equal
be
hinged
of
to to
the width the window This board should

a .
the lower sash way keep the air from

to
as
in
such
entering below the sash when raised about six inches
is
it
,
and compeling the air
to
enter between the sashes
.
What effect has mental activity
on
the heart's action

7.
?
by
quickened pleasurable excitement

It
Ans and
is
.
retarded by grief
.
way develop
do
In
what adenoids retard mental

9.
a
(
)
Why
ofdo
an
ment the bones

of
old person break more

(b
?
readily than those child

a
Ans By occasioning colds which lower the vitality ,

(a
)
.
the blood pressure the brain and retard its

in
weaken
growth and activity
of
Because the bones the old

6
.
(
)
large percent
of
so
so
contain mineral matter and small

a
a of
per cent animal matter

a
diagram parts
9.
Draw
of
the eye naming the

,
Drawing for applicant The parts that should

be
Ans
—
.
shown and named would include the following Sclerotic

:
coat choroid coat retina cornea aqueous humor iris pupil

,
,
,
, ,
,
lens suspensory ligament ciliary muscles vitreous humor

,
,
,
blind spot yellow spot and optic nerve

,
es .
Give two со оп cau

of
deafness
is (
a
6
(
)
? )
tobacco upon boy's mind and body

of
What the effect

.-
a
Ans Stoppage of the eustachian tubes and rup

a
,
(
)
38 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS .
ture of ihe drum membrane . ( ) Because tobacco poisons

and enfeebles a boy's body his brain will not develop so
well , and the poorly developed brain retards the activity
and power of the mind .
BOOKKEEPING .
1. Give general rule for debits ; for credits .
Ans. - Debit , what the :business receives . Credit , what
the business disposes of .
2. Write a promissory note at ninety days for $ 100 , in
favor of John Doe.
Ans.
$ 100.00 .
Ninety days after date
order of John Doe
I
Topeka , Kan . , June 20 , 1913 .
promise to pay to the
One Hundred DOLLARS .

Value received .
No. 8. P. W. JONES .
Due Sept. 18.
3-10 . Journalize the following transactions :
June 1. John Doe began business, investing cash
$ 1000 ; merchandise $ 600 .
2. Bought books and stationery for office use ,
for cash , $ 25.
3. Bought on his note, mdse ., $800 .
3. Sold indse . to J. A lams for cash , $ 100 .
4. Paid rent of store in cash , $ 50.
5. Bought mdse . of 0. C. Cole on acct . , $400 .
6. Sold mdse . to J. Adams on his note , $200 .
8. Bought house and lot for $ 2,000. Gave in
payment, cash , $ 500 ; note for $ 700 ; bal
anće on acct .
9. Paid note of 2d inst . in cash , $ 800. Sold
mdse . to C. C. Orr, $900 . Received in
payment , cash , $ 200; balance on acct .
Ans . 11.
12.
Paid freight bills in cash , $ 30.
Paid clerk hire in cash , $25 .
June 1 , 1913 .
Cash 1000100
Mdse . 600100
To John Doe 1600/00
2
Expense 25 00
To Cash 25 00
2
Mdse . 80000
To Bills Payable 80000
3
Cash 100100
To Mdse . 10000
4
Expense 50/00
To Cash 50,00
Mdse . 40000
To 0. C. Cole 400100
6
Bills Receivable 200/00
To Mdse . 200100
8
Real Estate 2000100
To Cash 500100
" Bills Payable 70000
". A. B. Somebody 800.00
9
Bills Payable 800100
Cash 200100
C. C. Orr 70000
To Cash
66 Mdse . 90000
11
Mdse . 3000
To Cash 3000
12
Expense 2500
To Cash 2500
UNITED STATES HISTORY ..

1. Discuss the value of historical study , developing at
least five points.
Ans . - It adds to our information , teaches us what causes
led to the downfall of nations , trains in patriotism , leads
the student to read extensively, and trains the mind.
2. What should be the basis of history study in the
intermediate grades ? Give your reasons and state the
best method of presenting the subject .
Ans . - Stories dealing with great men , interesting events,
and the life of the people should form the basis of history
study in the intermediate grades. Although the pupils
are too young to be much interested in the formal presen .
tation of the subject their interest will be stimulated and
they will acquire much valuable information which will
greatly add to their interest and appreciation of the sub
ject later on .
the
2. Discuss the relation between land configuration
New England
of
and the industries
.
Ans rough surface and steriļe soil forbade exten
A
a
.-
sive agriculture the seacoast and good har

to
Néarness
,
.
bors made commerce easy With the facilities for trade

.
it
was natural that products
be
fur
at
of
band some sort
.
up
nished Thus manufacturing industries sprang Good
.
.
water power places the coal deposits

in
to
and nearness
Pennsylvania aided greatly developing manufacturing
of
in
.
Name the nations participating the early explora
4.
ofin
America and state the object

.- of
tion each
,
Ans Spain search for gold Great Britain desire for

,
,
;
land and wealth Holland the same France the same

,
;
;
.
All too were ambitious find
to
to
found colonies and
,
homes for their people

.
Outline the principal

of
5.
the colonial life

©in
events
Massachusetts
.
Ans.
The great emigration
' 2. 1.
,
Roger Williams
ofofof
Banishment
.
6. 6. 5. 4.3.
Body
of
Formation the Liberties

.
Persecution the Quakers.de

King Philip's War
.
Province charter of Massachpsetts

.
proprietary charter and royal forms

of
Compare
,
an
of
goveräment and give example eache

,
The proprietary form

of
Ans government was govern

. of by
proprietor Pennsylvania The charter

as
the
in
ment
.
form government was government under charter

a
STATE OF KANSAS 41
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by ‫رمم‬
.()
i
The form
of
granted king
as
Massachusetts
in
the
by ,
.
'
by
royal province was government
of
government the
rin
as
governorpappointed the king New York
T
.
Tell something the followings
of
dohn Hancock
7.
,
:i
Baron Steuben Nathaniel Greene John Jay Patrick Henry
, ,
'
Clara Barton Roger Williams John Paul Janent Fulton
,
,
12
Henry Clay onim
?
.
.
bransJohn Hancock American statesman president
ofof
,
,
the Continental Congress and signer the Declaration of
Independence Baron Steaben German officer who joined
à
,
-
Američati army the . Revolutionary war Nathaniel
inin
.
"
Ureene general the American army the Revohuntion
in
, a,
ang war and leader the canipaigns

of
the American forces
in
of the South John Jay American jurist'and statesmgp
,
.
first chief justice the Supreme Court of the United of

Patrick Henry American statesman and orgter
States
,
,
."*
from Virginia and member Fifsto Continental Congress
of
,
Re
of
Clara Barton organizer and president the American
,
did
of , of :]
tôo
Cross Bociety She muehi relieve the suffering
;
.
wounded soldiers during the Civil war Roger Williams

,
.
Wanished from Massaehusetts for opposing the power
:
to
the magistrates enforce religious observancë John Paul
.
of
Jones American saval officer the Revolutiopaty war

1
, of '
.
Fulton the inventor the first successful steamboat the
,
,
Clermont Henry Clay
--
American statesman and orator

in
.
,
noted for his compromise measures Congress concern
ing great problems over whieh the North and Sonth dis
agreed
o
ten
.
Siti8 Name the most important American inventions

of
Ev
.
.
Ans.
_The sewing machine
2
5
3
2. 1
:
:
!
.“
The hạrvester
,
3. The threshing machine

.
The telegraph.D 11.1

in
7. 6. 5. 4.
,
.
Oylinder printing press

als
.
ingi uphe telegraph

.
Bessemer process for making steel

99
.
#mag Dynamo and motor

)
!
I
.
-Cowto.siThe telephone
...
.
9. 10
Wireless telegraph
:)
.
Name and explain the sources from which money

si
liarity
on
to
was obtained carry the Civil War

.
.
irror
1
Ans
2
"
!
high rates
of
of
at
Sale bonds interest

1.
.
OR
-15 8.1 Duties imports

--
.
Paper money commonly known greenbacks which

as
3.
were simply the government's promise pay

to
1
4.International revenue_taxes were imposed on the

production of a vast number of articles .
5 . Licenses on many callings .
6. Taxes on the gross receipts of steamboats , express
and railroad companies .
the
10.
of
Describe cause and the results the interven
.- of
tion the United States Cuba
in
.
Spanish fre
of
Ans
to
mis overnment the island led
-g
quent rebellions These ruined American interests and
.
prevent filibuster
to
caused the United States much trouble
of
ing expeditions aid Cubans Moreover the inhuman
in
,
.
ity
of
the Spanish
of
the conduct the war aroused the
in
sympathy the Americans for the Cubans and when the
of
ofup
Maine was blown the Americans demanded war Some
.
important results the war were
:
of
Cuba
1
The independence
. .
.
The acquisition Porto Rico Guam of and the
2
,
,
Philippines and the commitment
of
the United
the policy
of
States imperialism
to
of
.
The recognition
as
the United States world
3
a
.
power
.
closer bond of union between North and the

A
the
4
.
South
.
Important privileges and duties in Cuba

5
.
.
ANCIENT HISTORY
.
of
of
What are the names
of
five the chief nations

1.
the ancient world

?
—
Ans The Egyptians the Phoenicians the Hebrews the

,
,
, .
Greeks and the Romans

.
of
Write the names five persons prominent

in
the
2
.
ancient history
of
the Hebrews
.
Ans the patriarch Moses the law giver

—
Abraham
of ;
,
,
;
,.
David the king and psalmist Solomon the king writer

;
proverbs and builder Daniel the prophet and

of
the temple
;
,
captivity
of
the hero many others might

in
The names
(
.
be
given with equal propriety

)
.
the principal cities

of
of
What were two Ancient

3.
Greece Where was each located Make definite state

a
.- of ?
?
or
some facts connection with each

in
ment event
.
Ans Athens and Sparta Athens situated Attica

Inin
in
,
.
Northern Greece was the most famous city

of
Greece
,
, of .
was the Acropolis

in on
which still stand the ruins the

it
Parthenon Sparta Laconia the Peloponnesus was

in
,
.
rival of Athens and was famous for the stern and war
a
its
like character
of
people
.
STATE OF KANSAS 43
4. Who composed the First Roman Triumvirate ? What

was the purpose in its formation ?
Ans . — The first Roman Triumvirate was comprised of
Caesar , Pompey and Crassus . Its purpose was to unite the
forces and the resources of the three leaders so as to sceure
for each all the power which he desired without the op
position of the others. It was proposed that the three
men should together rule Rome in the interest of the
triumvirs themselves .
5. Name one thing in connection with which each of the
following named persons is well known : Cicero , Dergil ,
Augustus .
Ans . — Cicero was a famous Roman orator , statesman ,
and philosopher . As consul he exposed and defeated the
conspiracy of Catiline . Vergil was a Roman poet of the
Augustan age . His chief work was the Aeneid , an epic
poem writeen to glorify the ancestors of the Emperor
Augustus . Augustus was the nephew of Julius Caesar .
Following the defeat of Antony at Actium , Augustus be
came the first Roman emperor .
MODERN HISTORY .
( Answer any five ; omit three . )

1. Give three causes of the French Revolution .
Ans . - The despotism of the kings ; the tyranny of the
aristocracy ; the success of the American revolutionists .
2. Define the following words and terms : Constitutional
ists , Girondists , The Consulate, The Concordat , Plebiscite .
Ans . ( a) The parties in the French Revolution which
favored a limited monarchy. ( b ) The party which advocated
for France a republic similar to that of the United States .
( c ) The form of government in France from 1799 to 1804 .
( d)
Pope.
The agreement entered into by Napoleon with the
The government was to appoint the priests and pre
lates and to pay their salaries and the Pope was to con
firm the appointments and to be the head of the church .
( e) The French term for a direct vote of the people .
3. What international questions are now being consid
ered by the United States government ?
Ans. -Differences between our government and Japan
and Great Britain in regard to holding land in California
and in relation to tolls on the Panama Canal.
4. Name three scientific discoveries or inventions that
have added greatly to the comfort of mankind during the
last twenty -five years.
Ans. — Wireless telegraphy , the telephone , automobiles .
5. . What progress has been made in promoting peace in
.
the world ?
Ans . The forming of many peace societies and the pub
lishing of many papers, pamphlets and circulars in the
interest of peace .
two éminent esplorers who
of
..6
, a
Give
brief sketch
.
:
opening the Dark Continent
in
were leaders
.
Ans David Livingstone was born in
to , ; hein
Scotland
(a
.
in
cotton factory educating himself
as
1813 worked
,
a
;
workeds took the course Glasgow University
in
medicine
in
to
as
went missionary South Africa explored the interior
a
;
discovering lakes and rivers published book relating
a
his travels died Westminster Abbey
in
1873 buried
in
;
;
M.
in
Henry Stanley was born Walės
a in
1874.
in
6
)
(
to
he
1841 went New Orleans when was boy was
;
;
,
hea
'
short time the Confederate Army later
in
served the
in
;
United States Navy and was promoted for gallantry
disto in
was sent by the New York Heraid
he
action
in
1869
;
, him
in
discover Livingstone then lost Africa found
of ,
;
;
covered the source thë Congo and much territoryj served
of
on
the British Parliament wrote number books
in
a
;
Africa
in
died 1904
;
What stage has Home Rule for Ireland reached

7.
?
second reading the second time .
. on
Ans has passed

It
,
.
the House of Commons

in
Morocco of Great
of
to
What the relation France
8.
is
;
Egypt the Philippines
of
Britain the United States

( to
to
;
?
Ans Protectorate Protectorate Owner
6
a
c
(
)
(
)
.
.
)
.
ship
.
HISTORY OF KANSAS
you
.
1.
for
Where would look information concerning

.
the Territorial period

-
books and pamphlets

of
Ans files newspapers

in
In
,
.-
.
the library
of
be
found the State Historical

in
These can
Society
.
of
Give briefly
chief facts the sack Lawrence
in
2.
the
. .
of
Lawrence was on May

21
Ans
—
The sack 1856

,
.
Eight hundred
of
under the leadership

men Sheriff Jones
and Governor Atchison entered Lawrence and burned the
Free State Hotel now the Eldridge House destroyed the
,
,
of
offices the Free State newspaper and threw the presses

Stores were robbed and Doctor Robinson's
in
the river
.
house was burned

.
How many constitutions were formed Kansas How

in
3.
many them prohibited slavery

of
Ans Four Topeka Lecompton Leavenworth and Wyan

,
,
,
.
-
STATE OF KANSAS 45
dotte . All but the Lecompton constitution prohibited

slavery .
4. What parts of Kansas have been benefited by the
discovery of oil and gas ?
Ans . — The southeastern and eastern parts .
5. What books written by Kansas authors have you read ?
Ans.For the applicant .
6. Give facts showing what progress Kansas was mak
ing in education while the Civil War was going on .
Ans . - In 1863 the legislature made the university at
Lawrence a state institution ; established the State Normal
School at Emporia , and the State Agricultural College was
founded .
7. Make an outline map of the part of Kansas which
includes Douglas , Leavenworth , Shawnee , Johnson , and
Miami counties , showing the cities or towns which were cen
ters in the contests between the free - state and pro - slavery
forces.
8. Give briefly the substance of the laws indicated by
the following : Minimum school term with state and county
aid ; workmen's compensation act ; juvenile courts ; child
labor law ; teachers ' retirement fund .
Ans . ( a) Seven months term required , state and county
aid given .. ( b ) Compensation by employers to working
men for accidents. ( C) Probate judges authorized to hold
juvenile courts for children violating laws . ( d ) Prohibit .
ing the employment of children in factories and other busi
ness places . (e) Authorizing cities of the first class to
retire teachers on pensions.
9. What parts of Kansas history do the following names
suggest to you : Whittier , Lincoln , St. John , Robinson ,
Lawrence .
Ans .-
( a ) Poem on the Marais des Cygnes massacre ,(b)
He spoke at several places in Kansas in 1859. ( c ) Cham
pioned the Prohibitory Amendment. (d ) First governor of
the State of Kansas . ( e) He contributed large amounts to
help the New England Emigrant Aid Society .
10. Name ten laws in the history of Kansas which show
the progress of the state toward a broader freedom .
Ans.-The Homestead Law ; the prohibition of the liquor
traffic ; woman suffrage ; state aid to schools ; establish .
ment of industrial schools for boys and girls ; eight -hour
law ; health laws ; prohibiting child labor ; abolition of the
railroad pass ; assessment of property at its full value .
GEOGRAPHY .
1. How would you train children to observe weather
conditions ?
Ans.- I would have a thermometer and barometer in the
school room and I
would teach children to keep the records
of temperature each day , also to read the weather dis
patches in the newspapers regularly .
2. Name three kinds of maps you would use in the
teaching of geography.
Ans . - Relief , political and production maps .
3. Name five causes affecting climate and give an illus
tration of each .
Ans. — Altitude ; Quito ; nearness to ocean currents modi
fies the climate in many countries ; London ; nearness to
the equator causes great heat unless modified by altitude ;
Calcutta ; prevailing winds ; Los Angeles ; local influences ;
Salt Lake City.
4. Compare the eastern coast line of North America with
the western coast line .
Ans .— The eastern coast line has many indentations , hence ,
many good harbors and better conditions for commerce .
The western coast line has but few harbors .
5. Compare the Ohio and La Plata rivers .
Ans .— Ohio , formed by Allegheny and Monongahela ; 1,300
miles long ; tributaries, Cumberland , Tennessee , Wabash ;
is navigable and is an important commercial waterwa " ;
Cincinnati and Louisville are large cities on the Ohio , and
its
Pittsburgh at The La Plata formed by the

is
source
.
of
union the Parana and Uruguay and really estuary an

is
,
,
though known On are situated Buenos Aires
as
river
it
a
on
and Montevideo The cities the Plata estuary are great

.
especially Buenos Aires and there

is
commercial centers
,
,
an
immense trade between that city and Europe

.
Where are the alfalfa wheat salt sugar beet and

6.
,
,
,
in
coal sections Kansas

?
Ans --Alfalfa nearly everywhere nearly every

in
wheat
,
part salt Ellsworth Reno Rice and Kingman Counties

in
,
;
sugar and beets Garden City and vicinity coal Osage

,
County Southeastern Kansas and Leavenworth County

,
trip from Duluth

on
Over what waters would you sail

7.
New York City

to
Ans Lake Superior Sault Ste Marie Lake Huron St.

,
,,
,
.-
.
St.
Clair River Clair Lake Detroit River Lake Erie Erie

,
Çanal Hudson River

,
What facts geography political and physical could

in
8.
you teach the country visible from your schoolhouse

in
?
STATE OF KANSAS 47
Ans . - Formation of rivers and lakes ; watersheds, erosion ,

transportation .
9. Compare the Alps and the Andes .
Ans . - The Andes have higher peaks than the Alps ; much
of the animal life is different . The Andes form the longest
chain of mountains in the world . The Alps are but 800
miles long on the outer curve ; 460 miles on the inner curve .
A great part of the Andes system is highly volcanic and
there are many earthquakes. The Alps are free from both .
10. Trace two trunk lines of railroads , naming important
cities on each line . Name states and large rivers crossed .
Ans .- ( a ) A. T. & S. F. Ry . from San Francisco to
Chicago . States : Cal., Ariz ., N. M., Colo ., Kan . , Mo. ,
Iil
Ia ., Rivers Colorado Kansas Missouri Mississippi
.
.
Cities Capitals and centers Illinois
of
commerce
b
)
(
.
:
Iſl
Central from Chicago New Orleans States Tenn
to
. .,
. .,
:
.
Rip
St.
Miss La Cities Springfield Louis Memphis
,
.,
,
:
.
ers Mississippi
.
:
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
Give three reasons why daily newspaper
1.
articles
if
,
carefully selected should the opening exercises
be
in
used
,
at school
.
taught the history
of
be
Ans The children should the

.-
all
world each day and the telegraphic dispatches from
,
parts give history and

in
of
the earth that condensed a

This study
ofof
readable form newspapers enables the chil
.
.
dren connect the record events the papers with the

in
to
history the text book

in
Name three important Kansas laws for the preven

2.
.
of
tion disease
.
Ans Forbidding spitting public places abolishing

.--
in
the roller towel requiring the inspection of hotels and res

;
taurants
.
present methods treating criminals differ

of
do
How
3.
from those formerly used

?
Ans The old method was punish the criminal the

to
.—
Hence the modern way treat the

to
to
is
new reform him

,
,
.
criminal humanely and try

to
to
make him useful member

a
of
society
.
In
our lax immigra

of
what three ways are the results

4.
tion laws manifested

?
Ans allowing undesirable and dangerous persons

to
In
-
.
enter our ports permitting persons ignorant

of
our
in
;
vote before they are instructed

to
constitution
.
How would you impress the value patriotism and

of
5.
1
the responsibility of citizenship upon your pupiis !

Ans . — I would a ; eal to their pride in being residents
and prospective citizens in the freest country in the world ;
and I
would show them that they were to be the rulers of
the country and that they should fit themselves for the
responsibilities which were coming to them .
6. What new idea in state government recently ad
vanced by Governor Hodges is being discussed by states
men in many states ?
Ans . - That our legislature should be abolished and that
for it should be substituted a government by commission
similar to that now in force in many cities .
7. What are the three conditions of eligibility to mem
bership in the United States House of Representatives ?
Ans. Must be at least twenty -five years of age ; must
be seven years a citizen of the United States ; and must
be when elected an inhabitant of the state from which he
is chosen .
8. What is the siateenth amendment to the constitution
of the United States ?
Ans . - The income tax amendment .
9. What class of bills must originate in the House , of
Representatives ?
Ans . - All bills for raising revenue .
10. Name the six classes of courts in Kansas and tell
who presides over each .
Ans. - Supreme court , presided over by seven justices ,
one of whom is chief justice ; district courts over which
a judge elected for a term of four years presides ; justice
of the peace courts , presided over by a justice of the peace ;
probatē judge's court ; United States district court , pre
sided oveh by a Federal judge ; city court with county juris .
diction ; and debtor's court .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICS .

( Two may be omitted . )
questions
1. What are the three forms of matter ?
.--
of
Ans The three forms matter are solid liquid and

,
,
gaseous
.
its
Explain
of
the lever and describe three

2.
the use
forms
.
-
of
Ans The lever simple machine consisting rigid

is
a
a
.
. on
bar resting point called the fulcrum and

a
to
at is
used
In
weight
is
move the first form the weight one end

a
of
the other end and the fulcrum

at
the lever the power

In ,
between the second form the power and the fulcrum

.
of
In
at
are the ends the lever and the weight between

.
STATE OF KANSAS 49
the third form the weight and the fulcrum are at the ends
and the power between .
In each form the power multiplied
its
by distance from the fulcrum must equal the weight
by
its
multiplied distance from the fulcrum
.
an
Describe experiment illustrate capillary at
to
traction 3.
by
Capillary attraction the rising
of
Ans illustrated
it is
oil .- lamp by the filling
of
of
or
in
the wick sponge
a
;
when only the lower part
is is of
touches the water
.
Upon what principle
4
the thermometer constructed

.
?
Ans -The thermometer the principle
of on
constructed
.
by
that substances are expanded increase heat and con
tracted by decrease of heat When the temperature rises
,
of .
the mercury the bulb the thermometer expanded
in
is
and fills more space the sealed tube from which the
air has been previously removed in
The tube graduated
is
.
indicate the degrees heat required
of
raise the
to
so
as
to
mercury different heights

to
.
experiment pro
an
Describe
to
show that sound
5.
is
duced by vibrations
.
Ans tightly stretched metal string

a
struck
it
If
is
,
in -
.
put vibration and sound The vibrations

ofa ofis
produced
is
.
tuning fork will cause tone producing vibrations in
a
A-
string tuned the same pitch the rapidity

to
change
in
.
vibrations the sounding body causes

in
change
in
the a
pitch
of
the tone
.
effect when rays

of
What sunlight pass

6.
is
the
through prism
a
on
sunlight are bent passing
or
Rays
at of
Ans refracted
-
.
through Rays different rapidity

of
prism
of
vibration
a
are refracted different angles which produces separa

of ,
sunlight into the colors the solar spectrum

of
tion
.
What electricity
is
static Describe simple experi

7.
a
?
by
be
ment which may produced

it
Ans Static electricity electricity which

of
that form
is
.-
produced by the friction

of
such for ex
is
two substances
,
,
sealing wax and flannel The

or
as
ample silk and glass

,
glass and sealing wax thus electrified will repel each other
showing that there are two kinds electricity
of
These
.
are called respectively positive and negative

,
READING
.
In
what respect reading physiological process
1.
is
Ans Reading requires the following physiological pro

: .
-
Use of eye in seeing use

.
of
cesses hearing use

;
ear
of in
; ;
respiratory organs in expelling the current

ofof
of
air use
organs pronunciation
in
vocal oral use facial muscles

;
in expression ; use of other muscles of body in gesture or

in involuntary reaction to the stimuli of thoughts repre
sented by matter read .
2. Compare the alphabetic method of teaching begin .
ners with some other method . Point out the advantages of
the method which you prefer .
Ans . — In the alphabetic method the pupil is first taught
the names of the letters of the alphabet, then their most
characteristic sounds . The word taught as composed of
letters and the pronunciation is supposed to be learned from
the spelling . In comparison with the word method , the
alphabetic method is irrational . The names of the letters
often have no relation to their sound . It is comparatively
easy to learn a considerable number of separate words
which always have the same cound and the same appear .
ance in whatever combination they are used .
3. How may a pupil in the beginning class find out for
himself the sound of new words which appear for the first
time in his reading lesson ?
Ans. The child either through teaching or unconsciously
learns the sounds of many combinations of letters , such
as an , at , ing , etc. By the recognition of these and certain
letters which usually have only one sound , an intelligent
child can usually determine for himself the sound of a new
word if not too difficult . By experimentally testing a new
word until he finds one which fits appropriately into a
group of words which he already knows, a child can deter
mine the sound and pronunciation of a printed work . The
sound of a new word used in connection with several
familiar words can frequently be guessed or inferred .
4. Would you advise that a child should be provided
with a considerable quantity of reading matter for use
outside of the class and school ? Why ?
Ans. — By all means . The natural interest of the child
in putting into practice the knowledge and skill which he
has acquired will cause him to make a great effort to read ,
especially if the subject matter is suitable and interesting .
He thus learns to read by reading . He unconsciously in
creases his vocabulary through the eye just as he does
through the ear in listening to conversation. Besides this
the child who reads much gains much valuable information .
5. Why is training in silent reading of great import
ance ?
Ans . - Because the greater part
of one's reading out
Ability to read silently with
of school is silent reading.
understanding affords the best means of education - es
pecially self -education .
STATE OF KANSAS 51
6. Define emphasis and give a rule or practical sug .

gestion regarding its use .
, separate
Ans . - Emphasis is the amount of stress given to
given to
words in oral reading . This stress is naturally
words which are of relative importance . Emphasis should
be placed in such a way that the reader
may accurately
express the meaning intended by the author .
7. What is one of the advantages and one of the dis
| advantages of sight reading in the recitation !
Ans. - One of the advantages is in the fact that the pupil
may read silently a far great amount of matter than would
reading . A dis
be possible if he were restricted to oral
advantage is in the inability of the teacher to correct mis
takes in recognizing words or ingrasping the thought.
8. Write five questions suitable for use by a class ,in
preparation for a recitation on “ Ring Out , Wild Bells ”
Fourth Reader , page 164 .
Ans .-( 1 ) Find five expressions in the poem which sug .
gest the season of the year represented . ( 2 ) Is the poom
chiefly concerned with nature or with human experience !
( 3 ) What expressions repeated many times in the poem
suggest the sound of a great bell ringing ( 4 ) In what
two lines is the main thought of the poem summed up ?
( 5 ) How can the bells ring out the undesirable things and
ring in the desirable things mentioned in the poem ?
WRITING .
1. What do you consider the first essential in teaching
writing ?
Ans. — To acquire legibility through correctness of form .
2. Give you method of teaching writing to a first - year
class .
3. What should precede every writing lesson ?
Ans . - Instructions to the class as to correct position and
the work to be done .
4. Discuss briefly the proper kind of pen and holder .
5. Write , as an example of your own handwriting , five
lines of the following : Neat writing is good writing .
MUSIC .
1. Distinguish between pitch and tone .
Ans . - A tone is a sound of definite pitch .
Pitch is tone
highness or lowness (“ acuteness or gravity . ) ''
2. What is a rote song ? Why would you teach it ?
Ans .- ( a ) A song taught and learned by imitation . ( 6 )

1. To give musical experience to younger children not yet
able to read . 2. To enlarge musical experience of older
pnpils , songs beyond their reading ability are sometimes
useful .
3. When is one tone said to be the octave of another ?
Ans . — When it is the eighth ( octave ) in diatonic suc
cession above or below . ( A tone is produced by a certain
by
its
number of vibrations per second , octave above double
the number
.)
Explain rhythmic type and illustrate six types
4.
.
Ans Rhythmic type according
to
some authors
,
a
,
“
”
.
(
)
means the number and position single
of
tones within
a
one tone two equal tones long and short
.,g
beat
a
a
,
,
e
,
.
tone etc. For the applicant

,
.
(
)
of
Write the scale on both staffs
5.
.
-
.
.
Define staff
6.
Ans Five parallel lines and their spaces

. -
.
,
The five lines
of
—
NOTE staff
in
common use are per
manent and are usually numbered from lowest upward
,
,
first to fifth There are four spaces between permanent

.
staff lines but the space below first line and space above
,
fifth line are available for musical purposes without ad

adjust differences
of
to To
or
dition short added leger lines

of (
view point teachers seems best number the spaces

in
it
-
between permanent staff lines upward first fourth the

to
,
,
space below first line space below that above fifth line
,
,
,
Extension by
of
space above means short lines are num

.
:
bered outward both ways from main staff Thus Line
:
(
, )
or
below second space below second line below above
,
),
(
and so on
.
Define and illustrate major scale

7.
. in .
of
Ans scale eight tones diatonic succession

A
a
.
(
)
from tonic its octave inclusive Ascending order

to
a
Step step half step step step step half tep The inter
,
,
,
,
-
.
-s
vals between adjacent scale tones are seconds the half step
,
seconds numerically 3-4 7-8 minor The others major

,
(
For the applicant

6
(
8. )
Make the characters which represent the following

:
whole note half note quarter note eighth note sixteenth

,
,
,
note
.

-
.
LITERATURE
.
Washington Irving be
of
Name three other works

1.
sides the Legend Sleepy Hollow

of
.
STATE OF KANSAS 53
Ans. — Life of Washington ; History of Columbus ;

Mahomet and His Successors .
2. Would Irving's portrait of Ichabod Crane be in any
way a picture of the modern teacher ? Give reasons .
Ans.—No. The typical teacher is in touch with all the
activities of life ; teaches in accordance with the best
methods ; is well dressed and well educated .
3. From what country did the ancestors of the people
+ described in the Legend come ? What were the characteris
tics of the people .
Ans .-
( a ) Holland . ( b ) Industrious , somewhat slow in
their movements , good farmers and citizens .
4. What would you teach children concerning the in
fluence of literature on the lives of men and women ?
Ans . — That
and the home
good
;
literature refines and elevates the life
that it fills the mind with noble thoughts
and inspiring influences .
5. Where was Arcadia ? Is Grand Pre still inhabited ?
Ans Yes Grand Pre
In
what now Nova Scotia

.--
is
is
,
.
still inhabited
.
6.
briefly the historical setting The Rising
" of
Give
of in
“
1776 The Soldier's Reprieve and The Brother
,
,
Mercy
. ."

.
To what people did Evangeline belong What are

7.
?
Name three parts
of
their characteristics North America
1
today
in
which they are found

.-
.
Lively simple life courteous

in
Ans French
(
a
,
b
,
.
(
)
loved their homes patriotic
of
Province
in
manners
;
c
;
.
(
)
Quebec northern Maine Louisiana

,
Lincoln's life like the story

8.
Were there incidents

' in
told The Perfect Tribute

.-- in
?
"
'
Ans Yes many of them

,
Why Lincoln's Gettysburg address literature

of
9.
is
high and enduring character

a
?
its
of
Ans simplicity and sincerity and

of
Because
-
,
.
noble patriotic spirit and because

its
of
the historical set

,
ting
.
10. How would you train your pupils into

of
love the
a
best literature
?
by
By talking them often about their reading

to
Ans
;
-
.
directing their attention the home and

to
in
the best books

by
school library lending them books

;

.
What the difference between school education and

is
1.
general What responsibility has the school

in
education
?
pupils
its
for the general education of
?
of
Ans Education general includes all the experiences
in
-
.
intelli
to
and actions which contribute one's character
re ex
and skill School education limited
to
gence the
is
,
.
.
periences and activities which are determined by the
by
of
quirements the school and which are directed the
teacher The scho should enable every person
to
make
. advantageous opportunities
of
more rational and use his
a
he
of
for general education outside school and after has
passed the school age
.
instruction adapted
of
to
Describe some method
2.
a
slow and backward pupil
.
Ans The slow and backward pupil requires individual
—
.
He gains but little nothing from listening
or
instruction
.
the recitations of other pupils The teacher should malic

to
of
be
very definite assignments work done and should
is to
see that the work each stage at thoroughly mastered
to
it
.
before further advancement attempted
is
.
Give three reasons why desirable for
3.
. is
teacher
it
a
of
high grade
to
hold certificate
a
Ans Personal satisfaction resulting from success

.-
1
(
)
ful effort put forth

to
high grade
of
obtain certificate
in a
.
Gain in reputation and the respect which others
2
)
(
feel towards one who excels Convenience resuliing

3
.
of (
)
from relief from the necessity taking frequent examin

ations
( .
6 of
more difficult
Is
to
secure the attention

4.
or it
a
) a
)
child or an adult Give the reason for lour answer

?
(
likely give sustained at
Is
the adult more

to
the child
tention Why
?
more easily
of
Ans The attention child secured

is
is a
.
permanent
so
because the child's mind not

in
absorbed
naturally changing objects
interest He seeks new and . of to of
.
attention On the other hand the adult more likely

is
.
an
give sustained attention because this requires effort

the will over which the adult generally has greater control
,
Of what does the mind have sensations Of what

5.
does have perceptions

. it
Ans The mind has sensations

of
qualities
—
perceives
it
;
objects
.
Describe some school exercise which profitable

6.
in
is
cultivating the immagination

.
Ans For small children the dramatizing acting out

or
.
stories profitable The child imagines himself the

is
object represented Drawing objects from mem

or
person
.
ory imagination
is
also advantageous
or
is
.
Why profitable make the effort required

7.
in
to
it
adjusting one's self

to
new situations What mental facul

?
STATE OF KANSAS 55
ty is exercised thereby ? How does the school afford a fa

vorable opportunity for this ?
be to
rarely makes the effort
or
Ans person never
If
.--
he
or
to
accommodate himself new changed conditions
,
comes narrow minded gets into rut and less and less
is
,
,
a
-
capable of dealing with unexpected situations and
to
act
The reasoning faculty
in
appropriately
a is
emergencies
.
exercised by this effort The school itself furnishes
.
different environment from the home and affords the pupil
of
opportunity find his place new group associ
in
an
to
a
ates Conditions the school change from time time
to
of of in
.
with the coming new teachers and new pupils and with
the introduction new and advanced branches for study
the pupil advances New games and other occupations
as
.
also offer favorable opportunities for self adjustment
.
-
voi
by
by
better government compulsion
or
8
Which
is
.
,
Why
.
untary consent
by?
?
.
Ans Government voluntary consent better because
is
.-
more permanently satisfactory Government by constraint

.
ceases when the constraining power Sooner or
is
relaxed
.
later every person must assume the responsibility for his
own actions and well have had practice early life
in
to
is
it
.
Mention five characteristics good recitation of of
9.
.
by
the subject
.-
Ans Complete command the

( 1
(
2 )
by
teacher Thorough preparation the pupils
Sustained interest of the class
3
)
of
.
(
)
.
Responsiveness
in (4
.
pupils take part

or
to
readiness the recitation
5
. (
)
.
Appropriate questions and explanations by the teacher
10. What may the teacher
of
do
make the interior

to
the school house and the surroundings attractive

?
be
Ans The school room may kept clean and tidy

or .-
.
more good pictures may
be
One provided Furniture

.
and materials may arranged an orderly and fitting

be
in
manner and waste paper may

be
Rubbish removed from

.
the room and grounds and may not permitted ac

be
to
camulate Grass and weeds may cut and trees and

be
,
.
shrubs planted the teacher does not do these things

If
.
he
to
himself may with tact and perseverance cause them

,
,
be
by the proper persons

to
attended
.
56 CO NTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - BOTANY ,

1. Discuss the processes that take place in the germina
tion of the seed , and describe in detail the characteristics
and modes of germination of four kinds of seeds , of which
at least one shall be a Monocotyledon . What external
conditions determine germination ?
Ans. (a ) The seed first absorbs water and begins to
swell . This process is due to capillarity which depends
upon the strong adhesive attraction between liquids and
solids. The diastaoc in the seed now begins changing the
stored up starch into sugar which serves as food in the
cells of the hypocotyl and real growth begins. Then the
radicle grotrs downrrard , and the plumule grows upwar 1
to become the shoot of the plantlet . All of this time oxi
dation of the plant foods is going on , and as a result the
seed becomes warmer . The seed coat bursts on account
of the swelling . ( b ) When the wax bean germinates the
hypocotyl grows upward rapidly in an arching form . When
this arch straightens itself , the cotyledons are pulled up
ward above the soil , the hypocotyl straightens, the
cotyledons take a horizontal position , grow greenish and
serve as thick seed leaves while the plumule grows upward .
The germinating garden pea and the acorn differ from
the wax bean by leaving the cotyledons gorged with food
underground in the seed coat , sending the plumule only
above the ground . These seedlings aresaid to have under
ground cotyledons. The germinating Indian corn , has but
one cotyledon , most of the reserve food being stored in
the endosperm , the cotyledon serving mostly as an absorb
ing organ in contact with the starch -containing endosperm .
its
The germinating pumpkin

as
seed uses cotyledons real
leaving them thick greenish projections
as
of
leaves instead
as
does the wax bean Temperature moisture and

,
.
c
(
)
oxygen
.
growth
2.
What What external conditions deter

is
the
of
mine growth Discuss this connection sources

in
?
food for plants and the ways which they get the differ
in
,
plant's
of
ent kinds
of
food Tell how much tissue

a
is
.
derived from these different sources How would you go

.
find this out for yourself

a to
about
it
?
.-
of
Ans formation new cells

in
to
Increase size due

(
)
enlargment already formed Sufficient

or
, of
cells
b
(
)
.
food and water proper temperature sufficient light

,
c
, )
(
.
Water and mineral salts containing calcium phosphorus

potassium solution are absorbed from the soil by
in
etc.
,
by
the roots carbon dioxide gas absorbed the leaves

is
;
STATE CF KANSAS 57
and green stems from the air . ( a ) A very large part of

the plant's tissue is made from starch which is made of
carbon dioxide gas and water in the green parts of plants .
( e) By weighing the plant , burning it and weighing the
ash which would represent the weight of the minerals .
3. Discuss the structure and growth of roots , and the
different types of root systems .
Ans .-( a ) A root consists of a vascular cylinder inclosed
in a bark - like cortex . The vascular cylinder is composed
of wood and bast arranged somewhat differently from the
way they are arranged in the stem . In the root the wood
and bast strands alternate with each other around the
center . The wood strands radiate from the center like
spokes of a wheel, and the bast strands are between these
spokes at the outer ends . A cambium layer forms new wood
and bast as the root grows. As a root grows in length
.tip
The growing portion
of
cells are added to the root
a
only about two fifths of
an
inch long Root hairs are
is
.
single cells that extend sidewise from growing rootlet
.
They are important absorption but are
of
the work
to in
form root system the tap root

of
short lived As
of (
6
,
)
.
of as
as
the root the dandelion the fibrous roots the roots
;
and the fleshy and clustered roots
of
grass the dahlia
,
are the chief types

.
How does water escape from the plant Discuss the

4.
the evaporation ?
of
of
structure leaves and their relation
. to
of
water Discuss the structure leaves

.
.
Ans Through minute openings called stomata
in
a
(
)
layer by
of
the surfaces leaf

is
leaves covered
A
b
a
.
(
)
transparent cells forming the upper epidermis on the

of
upper surface and the lower epidermis

on
the underside
,
.
these cells are specially developed
of
Certain into guard

cells that contain green coloring matter chlorophyll are
),
(
crescent shaped and arranged pairs and are capable

of
in
opening and closing the slit between them These open

.
ings called stomata are very numerous there being 50,000

,
They
of
as
the square inch leaf surface act

or
to
more
.
pores for taking air and sending out moisture and gases
is in
When the plant gorged with water sends out mucla

it
water vapor through the stomata When has scant

it
a
.
supply the stomata close and prevent the transpiration

. of of
Just beneath the upper epidermis

is
water layer
a
c
.
(
)
palisade cells very green and closely packed together

,
Between this layer and the lower epidermis are loose cells
in
parenchyma greenish color with many air spaces and

of
air chambers between them connected with the stomata

.
53 COURTX CXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Running through this loose parenchyma and supporting it

are fibro -vascular bundles forming the veins of leaves . The
veins contain one set of vessels carrying water to the cells,
and another set carrying water and sugar away from the
leaf .
5. How do plants reproduce vegetatively in nature ?
What artificial methods of vegetative reproduction are in
(
vogue among nurseymen , florists, gardeners, etc. ? Discuss
sexual reproduction in the flowering plants .
Ans . a ) Reproduction by cell union is sexual, and by
cell division is asexual or vegetative. Yeast plants develop
buds that break loose from the parent plant and produce
a new plant . This process is called reproduction by bud .
ding. (
6 ) By artificially dividing a plant into parts and
cultivating these . Examples : cutting potatoes into parts
each containing one or more eyes ” or buds ; making
cuttings of grape vines, currant bushes , or slips of gerani
ums ; budding or grafting one variety upon another . ( C
In flowering plants the stamens develop pollen grains which
)
reach in various ways the stigma of the pistil. A pollen
grain or cell now penetrates the stigma , grows in a tube
like form down the style and enters the ovary Here the
nucleus of the pollen tube unites with the nucleus of the
egg cell to form a new cell from which the future plant is
.
to develop
6.Discuss the dispersal of seeds and fruits.
Ans ( a ) Seeds are dispersed by winds , running water ,
and by being carried by animals to which the seeds have
become attached by means of hooks. ( b ) Birds and other
animals eat fruits and drop the seeds many miles distant .
7. Into what chief group is the plant kingdom as a
whole divided ? Describe each group .
Ans .-
( a ) Division 1 — Thallophyta, including the Algae
and the Fungi . Division 2 — Bryophyta , including the liver
worts and mosses . Division 3 - Pterophyta , including ferns
and horsetails . Division 4 - Spermatophyta, including the
seed bearing plants . ( b ) For description consult any good
text in botany .
8. How does a changed physical environment change the
-
flora of a region ?
Ans . Increase or decrease in rainfall will enable some
species to flourish and cause others to disappear because
of their failure to adapt themselves to the new conditions .
The same is true of changes in temperature , and amount
of sun light.
STATE OF KANSAS 59
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE
( Answer any five ; omit three . ).
- PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .
1. What is a flood plain ? A terrace ? How is each

formed ? Give examples .
Ans .-
( a ) Tracts of level land over which the waters
of rivers periodically overflow and drop mud and sand .
Example : The Kansas River . ( 0 ) Formed by successions
of river floods, making new levels .
2. How are valley glaciers formed ? How do they accu
mulate , carry and deposit their load ?
Ans. — The weight of the snow fields forming above the
snow line press the mass down the slope . When forced
through a narrow valley the mass loses the air confined in
of ice
it and the lower part becomes a mass of Stones and
on
soil are constantly rolling down the sides the valley
the surface of the mass .
how and under what conditions are coral reefs
3.
Where
,
formed How
do
they affect commerce

—?
?
Ans
of
the Pacific Ocean
on
Africa
In
also east coast
,
;
.
the West Indies and east Brazil They are formed

, of
in
.
by the growth
of
of
coral polypes and are kind lime
a
stone This material secreted from the water by the
is
.
In
of
coral worm the course time islands are formed and
,
fit.
for the habitation

of
become people
.
Why are there such large arid regions northern
in
4.
and southern Africa while central Africa has such heavy

rainfall
— ?
Ans The dry sandy soil becomes intensely heated dur

,
.
.
ing the day The hot dry air ascends but rain laden
,
,
.
winds which blow upon the desert are heated and are -
in
up
driven into the ascending currents central Africa

In
.
the conditions are different There are great lakes and

.
rivers
.
Explain how rivers tend constantly destroy lakes

to
5.
(
in.
How are river valleys widened What effect has this

?
man's development
?
Ans The rivers which enter them fill the lakes with
a
)
.
When the plain

in
earth and sand long the river moves

b
,)
.
(
part
of
to
slowly the sediment

or
sinks the bottom the

,
is ,
it,
bed heightened the river overflows its banks and widens

,
the plain The sediment deposited enriches the soil and

.
makes living easier for man

.
origin
of
far
so
as
What are the three kind rocks

6.
of
What are the characteristics

Inis
concerned each class

?
each usually found

of
what relief forms land

is
Ans Igneous metamorphic and sedimentary

,
6
a
(
.
(
)
: )
.
Produced by the action

of
intense heat Illustrations

1.
.
60 COUNTY , EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Granite and basalt . 2. Generally applied to rocks formed

by the combined action of pressure ,
heat and water . 3.
Rocks formed of sediment mechanical or chemical. Illus
trations : Sandstone , shale , rock salt .
7. What is meant by a timber reserve ? In what kind
of relief regions are these reserves usually located , and why ?
Ans .- ( a ) A forest reserved and protected by the govern
ment . ( b ) Near watersheds .
8. What is meant by a block mountain ? By complexly
folded mountains ? How does each affect the industrial
and commercial development of the region ?
Ans . ( a) A mountain which was upheaved in one mass
without folding . ( b ) Mountains in which the upheaval de
veloped numerous and complete foldings .
1. Mention two methods of farming which will help to
maintain fertility of the soil . Name two commercial ferti
lizers .
Ans .— Plowing under fertilizing crops ; rotation of crops .
2. Mention three well known products made from corn .
Ans . - Corn starch , gluten meal , glucose .
3. Why should cowpeas follow a wheat crop ?
Ans . — Because cowpeas supply ingredients which wheat
has taken out of the soil .
4. In what ways should corn stalks and wheat straw
be utilized and why ?
Ans . - For manure . Because the soil needs it .
5. Name three plants that produce tubercles . Of what
benefit are these tubercles ?
Ans. - Clover , peas , beans. They absorb nitrogen from
the air , and soil poor in nitrogen becomes richer .
6. What rank has the wheat crop in value in the United
States ?
Ans Fourth
.--
How would you propagate grapes plums raspberries

7.
and strawberries
?
by
Ans Grapes layering root grafting and cuttings

;
,
,
-
.
by
by
plums budding or grafting raspberries root sprouts

;
or
one year old hills three four

in
strawberries set out

,
;
feet apart
.
Describe desirable seed potatoes and give reasons

8.
Ans Early Ohio Rural Burbank Pingree Pearl Cob

,
,
.
.
-
blers Because the kinds named are good growers and are
.
superior
as
food
.
an
ideal draft horse and name two draft

S.
Describe
,
breeds commonly Kansas

in
used
.
STATE OF KANSAS 61
Ans . ( a ) Massive , low set , short limbs , from 1500 to

2400 pounds weight . Clydesdale and Percheron .
10. " Name three breeds of beef cattle . Describe the
ideal dairy cow .
Ans . (a ) Aberdeen Angus , Shorthorn , Galloway . ( 6 )
Long , lean head, broad forehead , eyes mild and full , medi
um size ear , slim neck , deep chest , large and deep abdomen ,
large udder .
1
i
/

June 27 and 28 , 1913 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. How may pupils be taught so as to secure rapidity in
in arithmetical operations ?
Ans .— Rapidity in arithmetical operations results from
interest in the work , ability to give close attention , a thor
ough understanding of the processes and much drill anl
practice . To secure rapidity , therefore , stimulate interest in
the work , train pupils in the habit of attention , see to it
t'at the processes are understood, teach the proper ar
rangement of the work and be sure to give a sufficient
amount of practice and drill .
2. Explain the terms and symbols used in multiplica
-
tion as you would if teaching a class beginning this subject .
Ans . IIow much is 2 + 2 + 2 + 295 X 29
Multiplication is a short form of addition when the
numbers to be added are equal . The multiplicand is the
number which is multiplied . For example , 2 is the multi
plicand in 5 times 2. The multiplier is the number of times
the multiplicand is taken . For example , 5 is the multiplier
in 5 times 2. The product is the result obtained from mul
tiplying the multiplicand by the multiplier . For
example ,
10 is the product in 5 times 2 equals 10. The symbol of
multiplication ( x ) read times is placed between the multi
plier and the multiplicand . The sign of equality ( = ) is
placed between the indicated multiplication and the product .
For example , 5 X 2 = 10 .
f by .
3. Explain fully the process in the following : Divide
Ans.
1
2
: 2j
= 33 = g = 3
=
2 = 1} = 32
= 2 X 33.. Since 2 is twice
or the reciprocal of .
1 , the quotient of %
3 :
into 2 must be twice the quotient of
= 3 X 33 and } = ģ = $ x 32
4. Define base , rate , percentage .
43 into 1. Similarly ,
= 21/16
How is the percentage
found when base and rate are given ? Give full explana
tion with illustration .
Ans . — The number of which some per cent is to be found
is called the base . The number of hundredths to be taken
is called the rate . The result found by taking a certain
per cent of the base is called percentage . The percentage
is the product of the base and rate .
In a certain school enrolling 400 pupils 45 per cent of
the pupils were boys . How many boys were enrolled ?
STATE OF KANSAS 63
In this problem , 400 is the base , 45 per cent is the rate ,

percent
and 45 per cent of 400 or .45 X 400 or 180 is the
age .
5. A dealer bought 150 bags of salt , 56 pounds to the
bag , for $63 . He sold f
of the salt at the rate of 1 cent
a pound , and the rest at the rate of 2 pounds for a cent .
Did he gain or lose , and what per cent ?
Solution
☆ of 150 bags : : 50 bags.
Ź of 150 bags 100 bags.
50 X 56 lbs 2800 lbs .
100 X 56 lbs . 5600 lbs .
5600 X $. 01 := $56.00 = selling price of 100 bags .
2800 X $.005 = $ 14.00 = selling price of 50 bags .
$ 56.00 + $14.00 = $ 70.00 = selling price of 150 bags .
$ 70.00 –$63.00 = $ 7.00 = gain .
$ 7.00 = $63.00 = .114g.
Therefore he gained 1119 per cent.
6. A man borrowed $ 650 on May 1 , at 5 % , and $ 1500
on July 5 , at 41 % . He paid the principal and interest in
each case on December 16 of the same year . How much
did he pay ?
Solution
12 mo . 16 da .
5 1
7 mo . 15 da .
Int. on $ 1 at 6 % for 7 mo . 15 da . $ .0375
Int . on $ 650 at 6 % for 7 mo . 15 da . : 650 X $ .0375 =
$24.37
Int . on $650 at 1 % for 7 mo . 15 da . $4.06
Int . on $650 at 5 % for 7 mo . 15 da . $20.31
Amount of $650 at 5 % for 7 mo . 15 da . = $ 670.31
12 mo . 16 da .
7 5
5 mo . 11 da .
Int . on $ 1 at 6 % for 5 mo . 11 da . .026511
Int . on $ 1500 at 6 % for 5 mo . 11 da . =
1500 X $ .026511
11S 39.68
Int.on $ 1500 at 11 % for 5 mo . 11 da . 9.92
Int.on $ 1500 at 41 % for 5 mo . 11 da . 29.76
Amount of $ 1500 at 41 % for 5 mo . 11 da . 1529.76
$ 670.31 + $ 1529.76 : $2203.07 total amount paid on
Dec. 16 .
7. Two men rent an automobile for fifteen weeks dur
ing the summer season.One uses it 7 weeks and the other 8
weeks. If
Solution.
they pay $ 345 rent , what is the share of each ?
$345.00 – 15 = $ 23.00 = the rent for one week .

7 X $23.00 = $ 161.00 = the share of one .
- the share of the other .
8 X $ 23.00 = $ 184.00
8. In closing out a line of goods a merchant asked 20 %
less than a certain article cost , but at an auction sale he
succeeded in getting 20 % more than this asking price .
What per cent did he lose on the cost ?
Solution
100 % of C = the cost .
20 % of C = the discount .
80 % of C = asking price .
20 % of 80 % of C = 16 % of C = gain over asking price .
96 % of C = selling price .
100 % of — 96 % of C = 4 % of C = the loss .
9. Two rectangular fields have each a perimeter of 376
rods . One is 71 rods wide and the other is 93 rods wide .
Find the length and area of each .
Solution
376 rods ; 2 = 188 rods one -half perimeter of each .
188 rods — 71 rods = 117 rods = length of first .
71 X 117 X1 sq . rd . = 8307 sq . rd . = area of the first .
188 rods — 93 rods = 95 rods = length of the second .
93 X 95 X 1 sq . rd . = 8835 sq . rd . = area of second .
10. A telegraph pole is set perpendicular to the ground ,
and a wire is fastened to it 18 ft
. from the ground, and
then to a stake 13 ft . 6
in . from the foot of the pole , so
as to hold it in place. How long is the wire ?
Solution.
The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal
to the sum of the square of the other two sides .
2 729 2025
H2 = 182 + ( 131 ) = 324 + .
4 4
V 2025
H= 452 = 221
V4
Therefore the wire is 221 feet long .
ALGEBRA .
1. By of
means ther ometer scale explain the oppo
site quality of positive and negative numbers.
Ans .— The mercury travels up and down the tube accord
ing to variations of temperature. These movements are
STATE OF KANSAS 65
opposite in direction and movement in one direction annuls

movement in the opposite direction . The above zero por .
tion of the scale illustrates the positive series of numbers
and the below portion the negative series of numbers . It
is not sufficient to say the temperature is seven degrees .
We must specify whether it is above or below zero . In a
similar manner we distinguish between positive and neg .
ative numbers by use of the proper sign .
2. Simplify and check : a - 2a - ( { 3a — 7a } - 3c) ] .
Solution .
-
a
[ 2a — ( { 3a — 7a } - 3c ) ]
2a + 3a — 70—3c
5a 3c .
CHECK : Let a = 1 , and c : 1. =
· [ 2a - ( { 3a Ta } - 3c ) ] = - 5a - 30
1
-7 } − 3) ] = — 5— 3
-8
12
1 [2 ( )] -7
83-8.
3. How may a trinomial be recognized as a perfeet
square ?
Ans.— ( 1) Two terms are perfect squares and positive .

( 2 ) One term is twice the product of
the square roots of the
other two and may be either positive or negative.
4. Factor : (a) 1 —
32 + 2xy — y2 .
( 6) m3 - 3m2n + 3mn2 — n3 .
(c ) 3.2 29x + 40 .
Solution.
( a) 1-22 + 2xy — y2 = 1— (22— 2 xy + y2 )

1 (2 — y ) 2
= [ 1 + (x - y ) ] [
(1 + 3 y) (1
(2 1-
-2 + y ) .
y) ] -
(6 ) m3 - 3m2n + 3mn2 - n3 (m -n ) 3.
( c) 302 . - 293 + 40 = ( 32 5 ) ( x = 8) .
5. Reduce to equivalent fractions having a common de

nominator :
3+ 3 4
( a)
y - - 2xy
-
22 y2
a +1 a 1
(6 )
a2 — 2ab + b2 a2 + 2ab + b2
Solution.
+ 3 + - - 2xy y2 )
-
3 (x 3 ) ( x2
( a)
C -Y ( 2 — y ) ( 22 — 2xy y2 )
- y)
-
4 4 (x
22 2xy — 42 (x - - -y ) ( 22 2.cy y2
a +1 (a +1 ) ( a + b) 2
( 6)
02 2ab +62 (a − b)2 (a + b)2
a -1 ( a− 1) ( a - b ) 2
a2 + 2ab + + b)2
-
62 (a - b ) 2 (a
6. Find the quotient :
22 + 3 2 23 + 2x2
32 - 320 + -- 36
-
32 90
Solution.
22 +3 2 x3 + 2002
X2 — 33
(3 + 2 ) ( 0 - 1)
32 + 92
( 3 + 12 ) (x
— 36
- 3)
( -3 )
Х
326 + 2)
( x - 1 ) ( x + 12 )
23
7. Multiply :
3x4 y2 by 4xy3 .
9xa yb zc by 4x2a y2b zc .
-
.
(c) 6x4n + ly2n +43n by 3x1 4nyb – n.26– .
Solution
( a) 3x4 y2 X 4xy3 = 12 x5 y5 .
( b) 9xa yb 20 X 4x2a y2b 2c = 36x3a y3b 22c.
c ) 6x4n + 1 y2n +4 zn X 3x1 – 4n y5 – n g6 -n
–
- 1822 yg +n 26.
8. Find by factoring the roots of the quadratic :
Solution.
.3x2 + 73 = 0 -6
700
+
=
3x2
6
Factor the left member

,
STATE OF KANSAS 67
( 3x − 2 ) (x + 3 ) = 0
This equation is satisfied if either factor is equal to
zero .
If 33 -2 = 0
33
3
If a +3 0
X = -3
Therefore = for -3 .
9. Find three consecutive integers such that f of the first

plus the second minus } of the third equals 5. Prove the
answer .
Solution .
Let a = the first integer ,
Then x + 1 = the second
And a + 2 = the third .
2+ 2
+3+ 1 5 (1)
3 2
Multiply ( 1) by 6
23 + 6x + 6 - 33 — 6 = 30 (2)
Collecting terms
53 = 30 (3 )
Dividing ( 3 ) by 5
3 = 6
(4)
Therefore the first integer is 6 , the second 7 , and the

third 8.
PROOF : 1. The integers must be consecutive ; 6 , 7, 8 are

consecutive . 2. $ of the first plus the second minus 1 of the
third equals 5.
63 + 7-82 = 5.
10. Solve and check : –

7:0 3y
50 + 6
= 15 .
= 27.
1
Solution
706— 3y 15 (1 )
5a + 6 = 27 (2)
Multiply ( 1 ) by 2
142 — by = 30 (3 )
Add ( 2 ) and ( 3 )
193 57 (4)
Divide ( 4 ) by 19
=3 ( 5)
Substitute value of x in ( 1 )
21 - 3y = 15 ( 6)
Transpose in ( 6 )
3y = -6 ( 7)
Divide ( 7 ) by 3
y 2 (8 )
Therefore x =3 and y =
: 2.
CHECK : Substitute values of x and y in ( 1 )

21 — 6 = 15
15 = 15
Substitute values of u and y in ( 2)
15 + 12 27
27 : 27

1. Discuss the relative value of analysis and diagrams .
Ans . - Every sentence has a word , usually a noun or pro
noun , that constitutes the simple subject, and a verb which
constitutes the simple predicate . Every word in a sentence
must have a clear relationship , directly or through other
words, to the principal simple subject or to the principal
simple predicate, that is , to the main noun or pronoun or
to the niain verb . The purpose of analysis is to establish
this relationship , and to aid one to obtain a clear under
standing of the sentence . Analysis also furnishes the
means of testing , in a critical way, the accuracy of the
sentence . In analyzing any sentence , our first task should
be to find the principal subject and the principal predicate ,
and to trace out the chain of relationships of every other
word to these . It is not difficult to make a picture , or dia
gram , of these relationships , which will present the whole
matter to the eye at a glance .
2. Should grammar be ht for its disciplinary value
or as a guide to the correct use of English ?
Ans . - Grammar should be taught as a guide to the cor
rect use of English .
STATE CF KANSAS 69
3. Define and illustrate the classes of sentences as to

form .
Ans .-
( 1) A declarative sentence is one used in making
a statement . Example : The wind is blowing from the north .
( 2 ) . An interrogative sentence is one used in asking a
question . Example : Is the man coming soon ? (3) An
imperative sentence is one used in giving a command . Ex
ample : John , do your work at once . ( 4 ) An exclamatory
sentence is one used in an exclamation , or in expressing
strong feeling or emotion . Example : What a piece of work
is man !
4. Outline a lesson for the fourth grade based on a poem .
Ans .-- Poem . “ Rain in Summer ." Longfellow . ( 1 ) With
what exclamation does this poem begin ? ( 2) Give as many
reasons as you can for calling the rain beautiful . ( 3 ) Teil
about the sounds you have heard the rain make . ( 4 ) What
becomes of the rain that falls on the roofs and streets ?
( 5 ) Tell how the rain affects the sick man . ( 6 ) How do
the school boys enjoy the rain ( 7 ) What happens to the
rain (
brooks after the rain ( 8 ) How do the fields look after the
9 ) What welcomes the rain in the country .
its
5. Define participle and exemplify various construc
tions
.
Ans participle word derived from verb partak
a
is
of a
A
,
of .
-
ing the properties adjective

an
or
verb noun
a
a
.
Swimming good exercise Swimming participle used
is
is
a
.
of
subject He was seen reading

a as
noun the sentence

a
Reading participle used verbally book being

is
book
a
,
.
parti
its
object The running boy fell down Running

is
a
.
ciple used adjective modifying boy

an
as
paragraph eight ten lines My

6.
on
Write
or
of
a
"
School
.
'

.
Explain the use shall and will

of
7.
Ans many cases the correct use

to In
of
these words
de in is
-
.
do
difficult determine and good writers not agree

,
their use The primary meaning will purpose

or
of
is
.
of
termination and the primary meaning shalt obligation

is
,
Shall the first person and will the second and third
in
in
simply foretell Will the first person expresses

in
deter
.
.go
to
mination will go means that am determined

I
.
an
Shall obligation
in
the second and third persons means

by
by
the subject but

in
not controlled some external

,
go
going
of
You shall not con

is
fluence means the act

.
trolled by yourself
.
Define and illustrate Conjunctive pronoun

8.
b
(
)
:
(
)
.
Relative pronoun Personal pronoun

c
(
)
.
.
Ans. - A conjunctive pronoun is one that introduces a.

dependent clause and generally connects it with the rest
the sentence . Tell me what to do .
of
What is a conjunctive
pronoun , A relative pronoun is a conjunctive pronoun
whose antecedent is expressed . read the book which you I
lent me . Which is a relative pronoun . A personal pronoun
is one that denotes the speaker , the person spoken to , or the
person spoken of .
noting the speaker .
am here . is I personal pronoun , de I a
9. Diagram or analyze : Who gives himself with his alms
feeds three : Himself , his hungering neighbor and me.
Ans . — This is a complete declarative sentence . " He , who
gives himself , ” is the complete subject and “ feeds , with
his alms three : Himself , his hungering neighbor , and
me , is the complete predicate . “ He, ” the basis of the
subject , is modified by “ who gives himself ,” an adjective
;;
is
un
clause of which who .
its
connective and subject
by
,
modified and gives its predicate modified him
,
of is
,
“
,
,
“
self ” simple objective element the first class

,
a
.
by
the predicate
of
Feeds the basis modified with
is
,
,
"
', "
"
of
his alms complex adverbial element the second class
a
: of its
modified by simple
of
which alms basis his

is
,
i ',
a
“
“
"
adjective element the first class feeds further
is
;
“
”
by
modified three Himself his hungering neighbor and

“
objective element of the first class
of
me complex
a
,
by
its
which basis modified Himself his

” is
three
, ”
,
"
ele
hungering neighbor and me compound adjective
“ a
,
the first class

of
of
ment which Himself the first mem

”
ber and me the third member are unmodified and
,
,
neighbor
of
modified
is
the second member the basis
, ”
"
of by
his and hungering two simple adjective elements

“
,
”
"
"
the first class and connects neighbor and me

,
“
"
"
"
."
''
When should the study formal grammar begin

of
10.
?
in
Ans Usually the seventh grade under certain con

.
it -
can with profit begin the sixth grade

in
ditions
,
GEOGRAPHY
.
Give three reasons why geography should

be
1.
studied
.
—
Ans our knowledge acquaint ourselves

to
to
To add
;
.
with the appearance habits customs industries religion

,
; ,
and government other peoples than our own study

to
of
animal life the several lands

in
How are glaciers formed What are moraines

2.
?
in
Ans the deep valley

of
Successive snow falls

(a
.
high mountains compress the lower layers and give the

The glacier might
be
entire mass downward movement

a
river except that the mass

to
is
said resemble ice

in
a
,
STATE OF KANSAS 71
stead of water . ( b ) A name given to the heaps of stones ,

earth and gravel which the glaciers carry from the valleys
through which they pass .
3. Name three of the great watersheds in the United
States , and give the names of great rivers flowing in op
posite directions from the watersheds.
Ans . — The Rocky Mountains . Rivers : The Arkansas and
the Colorado . The_Alleghanies . Rivers : The Ohio and
the Susquehanna . Height of Land . Rivers ; The Missis
sippi and the Nelson .
4. What geographical conditions are favorable to manu
facturing ?. Give two illustrations .
Ans . - Rivers . Nearness to seaports. Illustration :
Massachusetts and New York .
5. Why are New York , San Francisco , Liverpool , Glas
(a
gow , and Havre great seaports ?
its
re
Ans . ) Its excellent harbor , and situation
on in
Europe
to
it
lation the best harbor
is
Because the
.
(b
)
Pacific coast and because commands the commerce with

it
Because of its central situation
on
eastern Asia the
c
(
)
.
Mersey convenient for foreign commerce Because
it
,
it its (
of d)
.
its
great estuary because
of
the head
at
to is
nearness
a
central situa
of
extensive coalfields and because
,
foreign commerce
to
as
tion Because the seaport
is
e
(
)
.
the distributing point for much

of
of
Paris and northern
is
,
France
.
Name three important canals North America give

in
6.
;
the general direction each and name the places they
of
.
connect
.
.-
Ans The Welland Canal connecting Lakes Erie

(a
)
and_Ontario the Erie Canal connecting Lake Erie and

;,
the Hudson River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal from
;
Georgetown
to
Cumberland
.
Kansas showing the Uni

of
an
outline map
7.
Draw
,
of
versity Kansas State Normal School State Agricultural

,
,
College three denominational colleges Industrial School for

,
,
Boys Industrial School for Girls

,

.
Compare the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas

as
.8
.
to
altitude and climatic influences

.
in
Highest peak
.--
Ans the Rockies 20,464 feet

in
the
;
,
Himalayas 29,002 feet The Rockies greatly modify the

,
only
on
climate not between the ranges rainless plateaus

of ,
there are nearly

all
but along the coast

So
varieties
,
.
to
climate from excessive dryness and heat abundant rain

.
fall and comfortable temperature The Himalayes pro

a
,
tect India from the north and their summits act

as
con
.
densers of the moist vapors which come across from the

Indian Ocean . The lands north of the mountains are drier
and colder .
9. Name three great steamship lines on the Atlantic ,
and name the seaports they connect .
Ans. — The Cunard Line connecting
New York and Bos
ton with Liverpool ; the North German - Lloyd , Bremen and
New York the American Line New York and Southhamp
; ,
ton .
10 . What could you teach in the neighborhood of your
house in regard to transportation , watershed , forma
-
school
tion of rivers , character of soil ?
Ans . The highways and railroads would furnish lessons
for transportation ; the elevations of land , watersheds , and
the formation of rivers ; and soils can be studied in the
school house grounds and neighboring fields .
ANCIENT HISTORY .
1.
-
How is knowledge of prehistoric times obtained ?
Ans . Knowledge of prehistoric times is obtained partly
from a study of the implements and monuments preserved
from those times , and partly from the habits and customs
which have been inherited from prehistoric peoples .
2. For what is the modern world chiefly indebted to the
Ancient Hebrews ?
Ans .— The modern world is indebted to the Ancient He
brews for the religious doctrines which they believed and
taught , and for the fundamental laws upon which are based
the laws of all civilized nations .
3. Write the names of five persons prominent in the
history of Ancient Greece . Make a definite statement of
some fact or event in connection with each.
Ans .- ( 1 ) Solon was a ruler and reformer who reorgan
ized the social system and the political government of Ath
ens . . ( 2 ) Themistocles was a ruler of Athens who made
Athens a great naval power .
This enabled the Athenians
to defeat the Persians in the battle of Salamis . ( 3 ) Pericles
was a noble Athenian under whose patronage many of the
most famous works of art and architecture were produced
in Athens. ( 4 ) Xenophon was chiefly known as a historian .
He wrote an account of the retreat of a Greek army of
10,000 through Asia Minor to the Black Sea . ( 5 ) Socrates
was a Greek philosopher , the teacher of Plato and others,
and the founder of the Socratic method of argument and
teaching by means of question and answer .
( Many other names , equally satisfactory , might be given . )
4. Describe some accomplishment of Pompey the Great .
STATE CF KANSAS 73
1
Ans. —Pompey the Great carried on extensive campaigns
against the enemies of Rome in the far East, particularly
Mithridates . He subdued the pirates who infested the
Mediterranean Sea . He was a member of the first Trium
,
virate and subsequently he became a rival enemy of Julius
Caesar , by whom he was defeated in the battle of Pharsalus
in 48 B. C.
5. Who was the first of the Roman emperors ?
Ans . The first Roman emperor was Octavius Augustus ,
who became emperor ' after defeating Anthony in the battle
of Actium in 31 B. C.
BOOKKEEPING .
1. Define journalizing ; posting .
Ans . — Journalizing is deciding upon and arranging the
debits and credits of business transactions in the journal in
convenient form to be transferred to the ledger . Posting is
transferring the debits and credits from the journal or
auxiliary books to the ledger .
2. What is a trial balance and what is its purpose ?
A trial balance is an exhibit of the several accounts with
their total debits and credits , which if correct should be
equal. The purpose of the trial balance is to ascertain if
the books are in balance , thus indicating whether the work
has been properly posted , and if in balance it is assumed
the work is correct .
3-10 . Journalize the following transactions :
July 1. James Monroe began business , investing cash ,
$ 2,000 ; store building and lot , $ 1,800 .
July 2. Bought mdse . of C. Coon , $ 3,000 . Paid cash ,
$ 1,000 ; note , $500 ; balance on acct .
2. Bought books and stationery for office use , $30 .
2. Bought office desk for use in store , $40 .
3. Sold mdse . to D. Bell on his note , $ 100 .
4. Sold mdse . to J. Cole on acct ., $200 .
5. Bought mdse . of A. B. Sears , giving note in pay .
ment, $ 600 .
6. Sold mdse . to E. B. Adams on his note , $400 .
8. D. Bell paid his note , $ 100.
9. Paid cash to J. Sears for painting store building ,
$80 .
10. Sold mdse . to J.
Cole , $ 1,000 . Received in pay
ment , cash , $400 ; his note , $ 200 ; balance on acct .
11. Monroe paid his note of the 2d , with interest ; face
of note , $500 ; interest , $ 1.
11. A. B. Sears paid his note of the 5th in cash , $ 600 .
JULY 1, 1913 .
Cash 2000/00
Real Estate 180000
To James Monroe 3800100
2
Mdse . 300000
To Cash 1000100
• Bills Pay. 500100
66 C. Coon 1500100
2
i Expense 30100
To Cash 30100
2
Expense 40100
To Cash 40100
3
Bills Rec . 10000
To Mdse . 100100
4
J. Cole 200100
To Mdse . 200100
5
Mdse . 60000
To Bills Pay . 600100
6
Bills Rec . 40000
To Mdse . 400100
8
Cash 100100
To Bills Rec . 10000
9
Expense 8000
To Cash 80100
10
Cash 40000
Bills Rec . 200100
J. Cole 40000
To Mdse . 1000100
11
Bills Pay 500100
Interest 1100
To Cash 50100
11
Bills Pay 60000
To Cash 600100
STATE OF KANSAS 75
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. ' Let each applicant spell the following words : senility ,
expiration , devastation , narrated , cholera , indissoluble , mori
bund, radically , rabid , durable , dedicate , innocence , de .
bility , champion , nutrition , capable , equivalent , always ,
cambric , develop , controlled , syndicate, conference , liquidate ,
bureau .
2. Define synonym and diphthong and give an illus
tration of each .
Ans . ( a) One of two or more words of the same lan
guage having the same or nearly the sarne essential mean
ing . Illustration : brighter , enliven . ( 6 ) A coalition or
union of two vowels forming a compound sound pronounced
in one syllable as oi in oil .
3. Define the following prefixes and give an illustra
tion of each : bi , circum , re , mis .
Ans. ( a) bi = two , as in biennial : (6) circum
around , about, as in circumnavigate . ( c ) re = back , again .
Illustration : return . ( d ) mis = not . Illustration : mis
manage .
4. Define a digraph . Analyze the word exportation . ' '
.-
Ans ( a) A group of two vowels or two consonants rep
resenting a single speech sound , as ea in head , and th in
moth . ( b) ex = out of ; part from partare ; to carry ;
ion =act .
5. What is the rule for derivative words made by add
ing a suffix to a word ending in y preceded by a vowel ?
Give two examples .
Ans. Add the suffix to the singular . Examples : boyish ,
joyous .
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What
( Answer any five ;
illustrative material
omit three . )
would you use in the
teaching of modern history ?
Ans . - Plane and relief maps , statuettes, pictures , stere
ographic views , scrap book .
2. Did the American Revolution hasten the coming of
the French Revolution ? How ?
Ans . - It did . The fact that the French were allies of
the Americans brought the two people in friendly relations
and the French observing the success of self -government in
America naturally wished to try it in France .
3. How long did the Second Empire in France last ?
What cause or causes led to its downfall ?
Ans .— About fifteen years — 1852 to 1870 . Louis Na

poleon's despotic acts , and the final forcing a war with
Germany .
4. How long has the Third Republic lasted ? What is
its condition at the present time ?
Ans. - Abcut forty -two years .
5.
It is in a stable condition .
What caused the Balkan - Turkish war ? How does it
affect the greater countries of Europe ?
Ans.“ ( a ) Grievances of Bulgaria , Greece , Servia and
Montenegro against Turkey . ( 6 ) The greater countries re
gard the struggle with great seriousness , as a general war
may result .
6. Associate important events or an important event
with each of the following names : Amundsen , Cavour ,
Gladstone, Dreyfus , Bolivar .
Ans. ( a ) Discovery of the South Pole . ( b ) The uni
fication of Italy . ( c ) Dis -establishment of the Irish Church .
( d ) His imprisonment by the French government on
charges afterward proved to be false . ( e ) Liberator of
Peru .
7. What caused the recent revolution in China ?
Ans . - Tyranny of the Manchu rulers .
8. How would you show your pupils the relation of
-
geography to history ?
Åns . Through maps . I would trace the movement of
peoples , and show how they migrated to places in which
the natural conditions were favorable , and how cities were
founded in the places most desirable for commercial centers .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. What organization has been marking the trails
through Kansas ? How have they been marked ?
Ans . — Daughiers of the American Revolution . In the
form of granite blocks , placed usually in or near cities on
the trails .
2. What colonies have come to Kansas from Europe ?
On an outline map of Kansas show where each of three
settled .
Ans. - Swedes to McPherson County ; French - Canadians
to Cloud ; Russian -Germans to Ellis , Harvey and Marion ;
English to Clay . Map for the applicant .
3. What work did the New England Emigrant Aid So
ciety do for Kansas ?
Ans . - It aided emigrants from the east liberally with
money and supplies to come to fight the battle for free
dom .
STATE OF KANSAS
4. How were France and Spain connected with Kansas

history ?
Ans . - Spain and France in succession owned the Louisi .
ana Territory
5. On an outline map of Kansas show where each of
three missions were situated .
6. Name three counties named in honor of three men
who were friends of Kansas during the struggles in ter .
ritorial days.
Ans . — Greeley , Lincoln , Sumner .
7. What maps , pictures and poems would you use in
teaching Kansas history ?
Ans . —Maps of the Louisiana Purchase and of Kansas
as territory and state. Any good pictures or poems relat
ing to Kansas .
8. "Give three of the most recent important events in
the history of Kansas .
Ans. - Meeting of the legislature in the spring ; experi.
ments in the destruction of grasshoppers and chinch bugs ;
placing the educational institutions under one board .
9. What can be done in each county to put the history
of the state in a permanent form ?
Ans . - A history of each county can be written by some
competent person , and the history should be sent to the
State Historical Society .
10 . What histories of Kansas have you read ?
LITERATURE .
1. What is the value of memorizing choice passages in
literature ?
Ans .— The mind is stored with selections from the best
literature , which of course will include noble thoughts and
imagery . The student , too , becomes acquainted with the
best ways of expressing thought .
2. Name three selections in the state textbooks you would
use in the study of literature .
Ans.— “ The Last Rose of Summer ; " " The Great Stone
Face ; " The Ship of State .”
3. Give a very brief character sketch of Gabriel and
Evangeline .
Ans . - Evangeline was a young woman having high ideals
and a self -sacrificing spirit . Gabriel was a noble young
man but his ideals were perceptibly lower than those of
Evangeline .
4. What was the religion of the Acadians ? Where are
some of their descendants now ? What writer has pictured

in fiction the descendants of the Acadians ?
Ans . ( a ) Catholie . ( b ) In northeast Maine and in
Louisiana . ( c ) George W. Cable .
5. Why do we not study Everett's Gettysburg gration
as we study Lincoln's ?
Ans .— Because it is more ponderous . Lincoln reached the
hearts of the people in simple Saxon words .
6. How would you train children out of a desire for
worthless or positively bad reading ?
Ans .— By training them to love the best reading through
the school library , the books at home , and by lending them
books .
7. How did Evangeline's sorrows and trials fit her for
the work she chose after her wanderings were over ?
Ans .— They brought here in contact with human suffer
ing so that she could thoroughly understand it . This made
her more sympathetic .
8. Contrast or compare Lincoln's early training with
that of Everett .
Ans.-- Lincoln's early training was amid the most un
favorable surroundings ; a pocrly furnished home and in
ferior schools . Everett had all the advantages which a
home of refinement , excellent schools and colleges could
give .
9. Give briefly the main incidents in “ The Perfect Trib
ute .
Ans . - A young Southerner with all the Southern charac
teristics comes accidentally in contact with President Lin
coln . The young man is dying and Lincoln writes his will
for him . The plain , direct , kindly manner of the great
President completely disarmed the young man and he was
conquered by love .
10. Would you encourage pupils to commit to memory
the Gettsburg oration . ? Give reasons .
Ans. - Certainly . The selection is short ; the language
is simple ; the thoughts are of the highest. Every pupil
would be made better by making the oration a part of his
life .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. Name and locate five of the state charitable insti
tutions .
Ans . - School for the Blind, Kansas City ; School for the
Deaf and Dumb , Olathe ; State Hospital for Insane ,
the
Topeka and Osawatomie ; Home for the Feeble Minded ,
Winfield .
STATE OF KANSAS 79
2. What two laws passed by the last legislature will

bring a goodly revenue to the state treasury ?
Ans . - Licenses for automobiles and motorcycles ; also for
corporations
3. What are the three departments of government of
Kansas ? What state offices are elective ?
Ans . ( a) Legislative , judicial and executive . ( b ) Gov.
ernor , Lieutenant -Governor , Secretary of State, State
Auditor , ,
State Treasurer , Attorney -General Superintendent
of Public Instruction , Superintendent of Insurance , State
Printer .
4. Summarize the three ways by which a bill in the
United States congress may become a law .
Ans . - It can become a law after it has passed both
houses in the regular way , and is signed by the president.
It can become a law if it is passed over the president's
veto by a two -third vote of each house , and it becomes a
law without the president's signature if
he fails to return
it within ten days after it is sent to him . ( See Answer 6. )
5. What powers of congress are enumerated in the con
stitution ?
Ans. See Section 8 , Article I
, of the Constitution .
6. What is meant by a pocket veto ?
Ans . When the president fails to return a bill within
the ten days prescribed by the Constitution , unless congress
by adjournment prevents its return
its
.
law
Blue Sky
is is
What
?
the Kansas
7.
”
-
law prohibiting the sale

of
Ans stock bonds
or
It
a
.
other securities the State unless such sales have been

in
approved by the State Bank Commissioner

.
8.
Give the present number

of
Union
in
states the
.
Which tiro were last admitted
?
Ans Forty eight New Mexico and_Arizona

it .
.
is -
.
-
What meant by copyright How obtained

9.
is
?
and how long good

?
the protection granted by the government

It
Ans
is
.
of
of
to
the United States the authors books pamphlets

,
,
D. by
magazines etc. The right

is
applying
to
obtained the
,
Copyrights at Washington
is
Register
It
good
of
Č
be ,
for term
of
14
28 years and may extended more

it
a
years
.
ofis
What the proposed seventeenth amendment

to
10. the
constitution the United States
?
It
Ans Direct vote on Senators has been ratified

-
.
.
-
Discuss the status of the Indian to - day .
1.
Ans . The Indians are gathered into reservations. They
are the wards of the nation . The government has made
provisions for educating the children , and to prepare them
gradually for citizenship .
2. Trace the shortest sea route today from western
Europe to India .
Ans . - Through the strait of Gibraltar eastward on the
Mediterranean through the Suez Canal , Strait of Babel
Mandeb , Indian Ocean .
3. Name and give the work of one Portuguese , four
Spanish , two French , one Dutch , and two English explor
ers .
Ans. ( a ) Magellan circumnavigated the globe .
( b)Columbus discovered America ; Balboa , the Pacific ;
De Soto, the Mississippi ; Ponce de Leon , Florida .
( c ) Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence ; Champlain , Lake
Champlain .
( d ) Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Bay and the
)
Hudson River .
(e John and Sebastian Cabot discovered the continent
of North America .
4. Explain briefly ( a ) Causes of the French and Indian
War ; ( b ) Proclamation line of 1763 .
Ans . — The English basing their claims on the discoveries
of the Cabots , Gosnold and others on the Atlantic coast
asserted their title to all the territory westward from the
Atlantic coast . The French basing their claims on the dis
coveries and explorations of La Salle , Cartier , Champlain
and others asserted their title to the Mississippi and St.
Lawrence Valleys . Hence , the conflict was inevitable .
5. Outline the cause of the Revolution .
Ans . - Gradual encroachments of Great Britain on the
rights of the colonists . These encroachments were summed
up finally in the phrase " taxation without representation . ”
6. Discuss ( a ) Origin of the Stars and Stripes ; ( b )
How Flag Day may be used in school .
Ans .-
( a ) The flag was an evolution from other flags.
On June 14 , 1777 , Congress adopted a resolution that the
flag be as it is now as to stripes and colors , and that the
number of stars be thirteen . After the admission of Ver
mont and Kentucky , Congress increased the number of
stripes and stars to fifteen , but as the number of new
states increased , Congress in 1818 returned to thirteen
stripes, but provided that a star be added after the ad
mission of each new state .
STATE OF KANSAS 81
7. Discuss the three great compromises of the constitu

tion ,
Ans .-( a ) The first compromise was between those who
favored a strong central authority , and those who opposed
the enlarging of executive power . The compromise gave
the President great power but for a limited term , and
his power was further curtailed by giving the Houses of
Congress some control of his actions. ( b ) The second
compromise was between the great and small states . It
gave the small states equal representation in the Senate ,
and representation in proportion to population , in the
House . ( c) The third compromise was between the up
holders of slavery and those who opposed the institution .
The compromise was that the importation of slaves 1808
could not be prohibited by Congress. It was agreed also
that fugitive slaves should be delivered up by the states
in which they had taken refuge .
8. Trace briefly territorial expansion of the United
States .
Ans . - Louisiana Purchase , 1803 ; Florida Purchase , 1819 ; ,
Texas Annexation , 1845 ; territory from Mexico in 1848 ;
Gadsden Purchase , 1853 ; Alaska purchased in 1867 ;
Hawaiian Islands , 1898 ; Samoan Islands , 1898 ; Porto Rico
and the Philippines , 1898 .
9. Give leading features of the tariff of ( a ) 1816 ; ( b )
1824 ; ( c ) 1909 .
Ans . ( a ) A protection duty was laid on cottons and
woolens . In ,
1818 this duty was continued for eight years .
( b ) In 1824 a bill was passed , the purpose of which was
to exclude from the American market foreign goods all
which competed with those of American manufacture . ( c )
The bill of 1909 lowered the duties on metals ; changes
were made in duties on cotton ; petroleum
its
and products
on
were placed
on
the free list duties unfinished lumber

;
were reduced hides and mechanically ground pulp were put

;
on the free list reduction on coal and fresh meats

is ;
.
of
What the relation the United States

to
10. the
Philippines How was this established
?
of ?
Ans The islands are dependency the United States

—
a
.
in .
They came under the government

of
the United States

the war with Spain The Philippines are under the direct
. .
of
control Congress
WRITING
.
Explain fully correct position writing

in
1.
.
all on
Ans Feet floor body erect slightly inclined for

;
,
-
.
ward nearly desk keep left hand

on
of
forearm
at
;
;
left edge of paper opposite right hand ; hand and wrist not
resting on the paper . In brief , the position should be
natural ; the circulatory and respiratory organs should have
free movement .
2. In what grade would you insist upon proper position
and correct form and size of letters ?
Ans . - In second grade , but there are many differences
of opinion among teachers as to this subject .
3. What do you consider the proper time for the writ
ing lesson ?
Ans. — Before the morning or afternoon recess .
4. Why should the letters be exaggerated in the primary
grades ?
Ans. So that the children may be able to see and to
draw the forms of the letters more easily .
5 . Write the capital letters .
AGRICULTURE .
1. Give three reasons why agriculture should be taught
in the public schools .
Ans . - To teach how to increase the productiveness of
the soil ; to call back people from the cities to the farms ;
to interest children in country life .
2. Describe the construction of a hotbed . Which crop
of alfalfa generally makes the best yield of seed ?
Ans. ( a) Fill a deep box with decomposed manure,
leaves and straw . On top put several inches of sand . Cover
the box on cold nights . ( b ) The second .
3. Name three breeds of dairy cattle . How many
pounds of milk should a good dairy cow produce in a year ?
Ans .- ( a ) Jersey , Guernsey , Holstein . ( 6 ) 4,000 pounds.
4. Name two insect pests of orchard crop and a remedy
for each .
Ans . - Curculio . Sprayings ofarsenate of lead or Paris
green in the early spring will destroy the female before
she lays her eggs . The Codling Moth . Remedy : Thor
ough spraying with the arsenical insecticides .
5. What benefits are derived from the use of cement
silos ? At what stage of growth should corn be cut for
silo ?
Ans.- (a ) It lasts longer . ( b ) When the kernels are
well dented .
6. Name two meat breed's of chiciens , two general pur
pose breeds , and two egg breeds . Give ration for laying hens .
Ans. ( a) Brahmas and Cochins . ( 6 ) Plymouth Rocks
and Wyandottes . ( c ) Leghorns and Minorcas . (d) A
STATE OF KANSAS 83
variety of grain ; cabbage, turnips , beets and potatoes .

7. How does sheep raising increase the value of land ?
What should a fleece of wool weigh ?
Ans . ( a) They keep down weeds and manure the land .
The wool and mutton add to the value . ( b ) From twelve
to twenty - five pounds .
8 . Name three leading breeds of swine . Give good
ration for growing hogs .
Ans . ( a) Poland China , Berkshire , Duroc Jersey . ( 6)
Skim milk , buttermilk , corn .
9. What soil is best adapted to wheat farming ? What
is the average yield per acre in the United States ?
Ans. ( a ) Solid soil , clays or clay loams . This , however ,
depends upon locality . ( 6 ) About fourteen bushels .
.
10. What is wheat smut ? How should seed wheat be
treated to prevent smut ?
Ans ( a ) A fungus which gets on wheat, grows with it
and destroys the grain . (b ) If the seed is put in hot
water about 130 ° F ten to fifteen minutes , the smut grains
are killed , but the wheat remains uninjured . Formaldehyde
can also be sued .

( Two question may be omitte ?. )
1. Define force . Explain the composition of forces by
the parallelogram .
Ans . - Force is anything which produces or tends to pro
duce , opposes , or changes motion . If
two forces acting in
different directions are applied at the same point , the re
sultant forces may be represented by the diagonal of a
parellelogram whose sides represent the direction and in
tensity of the two given forces .
2. Describe the pendulum . Upon what does the rapidity
Ans . -A
of its vibrations depend ?
pendulum consists of a suspended weight . which
vibrates back and forth . The rapidity of the vibrations de
pends upon the length of the pendulum ; the shorter the
pendulum , the more rapid the vibrations . The rate of the
vibration varies inversely as the square root of the length .
3. Upon what principle is the standpipe or tower used
to furnish a water supply ?
Ans. — The standpipe or water tower is placed on an ele
vation so that the level of the water which is forced into
it may be higher than the rooms or buildings to which it
is distributed . The principle is that water or any liquid
will stand at the same level in connected pipes or recep

tacles .
4. What causes variation in the temperature of any given
substance ?
Ans. - Variation in the temperature of any given sub
stance due to the amount of molecular motion in the
substance . The temperature of a body depends upon the
kinetic energy of the molecules composing it.
5. What determines the loudness of sound in a vibrating
body ?
Àns . - The loudness of sound depends upon the width
of the vibrations in the sounding body .
6. What is refraction of light ? Why does a stick or
spoon appear distorted when standing in aglass of water ?
-
Ans. Refraction is the change in the direction of rays
of light when they pass from a medium of a certain den
sity to a medium whose density is greater or less . Rays
of light coming from that part of an object which is im
mersed in water are changed in direction at the surface
so that the object seems to be distorted .
7. Describe a simple voltaic cell .
Ans . - A simple voltaic cell consists of two dissimilar
metal electrodes immersed in a liquid called electrolyte .
The current emerges from the cell at the positive and re
turns to the cell at the negative electrode . For example ,
copper and zinc bars may be used as the positive and
negative electrodes , respectively, and sulphuric acid as the
electrolyte .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - BOTANY .

( Answer any five ; omit three .)
1. Discuss the process of germination in Lima bean ,
castor bean , or Indian corn . Where is the reserve food
oarried in these seeds ? Describe each of these seeds in
respect to its anatomy. What structures in these seeds
develop into permanent organs in the adult plants ?
Ans .- ( a) In any germinating seed absorption of water ,
swelling , bursting of the seed coat, changing of starch into
sugar by the diastose and oxidation will occur . In the
Lima bean this sugar is used as cell food by the embryo .
The hypocatyl grows in length , sends down a tiny root ( the
radicle ) straightens itself and by so doing pulls the swelled
cotyledons above the soil. While this is occurring the tiny
bud between the cotyledons ( the plumule ) is growing and
throwing out some leaflets and developing into a shoot .
The stored up food in the cotyledons is used by the plant
let for some days . After it is exhausted the greenish
STATE OF KANSAS 85
cotyledons shrivel and fall off . In the case of the castor

bean the cotyledons develop into rather thin , broad leaves ,
and with Indian corn the stored food is in the endosperm .
This food is absorbed by the one cotyledon which never ex .
pands much , and never rises above the ground , ( b ) All
three are enveloped in seed coats ; the beans are composed
of two halves ( the cotyledons ) connected by the hypocatyl .
The plumule is present in an undeveloped state . In the
corn the plantlet or embyro is at the side of the kernel ,
most of the kernel being the endosperm stored with starch ,
fat and protein . ( c ) Hypocatyl and plumule.
2. How do roots absorb moisture from the ground ?
What kind of food do roots absorb , and how ? What are
root - hairs and on what part of the root do they grow ?
Ans . ( a ) By cell selection and by osmosis . (

What is the region of the greatest growth of the root ?
b) Water
and salts of iron , potassium , magnesium , etc. The mineral
salts in solution may be imbibed by the cells or they may
enter by capillary attraction , or by osmosis . ( c) Long
cells extending sidewise from tiny growing roots. They
are of hairlike fineness . They branch out near the end of
a growing root and live for a short time . ( d ) The tip .
3. What is the characteristic structure of a stem ? How
do monocotyledonous stems differ from those of dicotyledons ?
How do the stems of each of these groups of plants increase
in diameter from year to year ?
.-
Ans (a ) A central cylinder surrounded by a cortex of
bark . ( 6 ) Monocotyledonous stems do not branch , have no
rings of annual growth , and have the fibro -vascular bundles
scattered through the interior or pithy portion . Dicotyle
donous stems are branched , have annual rings of growth
developed by the cambium layer , and have the fibro -vascu
lar bundles arranged in a somewhat compact form enclog .
ing the pith and enclosed by bark . ( c) Of former by
growth of old cells in stem or formation of new cells .
Of latter by new wood and bark cells formed by cambium
layer during growing season .
4. Discuss the structure and work of leaves . What
are the commoner types of leaves ? How are leaves modi
fied to suit different climatic conditions ?
Ans .- (a ) The upper and under surfaces are composed
of transparent cells that serve as a protection to the green ,
active inner parts . The upper layer is the upper epider .
mis , the other , the lower epidermis . Just below the upper
epidermis is a layer of green , palisade cells packed side
by side , their ends being at right angles to the surface.
Each of these cells contains many green plastids called
chloroplasts , the color being due to the presence of
chlorophyll granules. Below the palisade cells and extend

ing down to the lower epidermis is a loose layer of spongy
parenchyma . Here the cells are not so green as the
palisade cells and there are many air spaces and some air
@hambers between the cells . Running through this mass
of cells are the leaf veins which support the cells , bring
water and salts to the leaves and carry away water con .
taining more or less sugar . ( b ) Four kinds of work are
done by leaves ; Photosynthesis . ( starch making ) , assimi
lation ( transformation of starch into sugar , cellulose, etc. ) ,
respiration ( breathing in oxygen and breathing out car
bon dioxide gas ) , transpiration ( getting of
rid water
through the tiny mouths or stomata .) In photosynthesis
the chloroplasts use the energy of sunlight to combine
water and carbon dioxide gas into starch . Much oxygen
(
is thus set free to
air .
pass out of the stomata into the outer
c) As to arrangement of veins the netted veined and
parallel veined ; as to division , simple and compound . ( a )
Some leaves are placed vertically to avoid the exposure to
the noon - day sun ; some are cleft or divided to better stand
the wind ; some are needle - like as protection from injury by
snow and ice ; some are absent altogether, the fleshy stems
storing water and resisting loss by evaporation ; some are
coatedwith a wax - like surface , the better to turn water .
5. Discuss the structure of flowers , and the arrange
ments to secure or to prevent cross - pollination in six in
portant plants . How is fertilization in the flowering plants
effected ?
Ans.- In the higher seed bearing plants the flower con
sists of sepals , petals , stamens and pistils . The sepals make
an outer enclosing cup , the calyx ; the petals make the
corolla . At the center may be a circle of stamens with
the pistil in the center . Pollen is produced in the anther
at the top of each stamen . The pistil consists of stigma,
style and ovary . ( b ) In corn the tassel produces the
pollen which falls upon the silks ( or pistils ) . Here winds
assist in scattering the pollen and securing cross fertiliza
tion . With the common plantain cross fertilization is se
cured by the unequal maturing of stamens and pistils , the
pistils developing before the stamens . In some strawberries
as the Warfield only pistillate blossoms are borne and so
the only kind of fertilization possible is cross fertilization .
Some flowers as the Primrose , have a long styled pis
til that reaches above the anthers . Violets remain closed
and prevent cross fertilization . Yucca blossoms are self
pollinated by a small moth that seizes masses of pollen
grains and deposits them on the stigma . ( c ) Winds , bees ,
moths and various insects serve as carriers of pollen to
STATE CF KANSAS 87
pistil. When a pollen grain falls on the stigma it sticks

there, and begins growing by sending a slender tube
( carrying the nucleus ) down through the style to the ovary .
After the nucleus enters the ovary it unites with the nucleus
of the ovule . This fertilized ovule will develop into a seed
which later develops into a plant .
6. Describe the chief types of fruits and the modes of
dispersal of fruits and seeds .
Ans .- ( a) Unipistillary fruits as the peach which result
from the ripening of a single pistil ; aggregate fruits as
the raspberry and blackberry which result from the ripen
ing of many pistils the compound mass being attached
to the receptacle ; accessory fruit as the strawberry which
consists mainly of an enlarged receptacle ; multiple fruits
as the mulberry and the pineapple resulting from the com
bination of the ripened pistils of several flowers into one
mass . ( 6 ) Fruits and seeds are eaten by animals and ke
ing more or less indigestible are dropped far from place
of growth . Some seeds are provided with hooks for attach
ing themselv to the passerby , and others with like
" wings ” which enable winds and streams to scatter them .
7. Discuss the grouping of plants in their ecological re
lations as plant societies .
Ans . — Plants may be grouped in many ways if we classi
fy them according to their relations to water , shade , etc. ,
that exist around them . With reference to water they are
grouped into : 1. The water -tolerating plants ( Hydrophytes .)
erate users of water

shade they might
(
2. The drouth -tolerating plants ( Xerophytes ).
be grouped into sun - loving

3. The mod
Mesophytes ) . With reference to
plants and
shade - loving plants .
8. Discuss plant breeding.
Ans.- " Plant breeding is the intentional production and
perpetuation of new and especially desired varieties of
plants . " This is done by selecting new varieties that de
velop spontaneously and cultivating them ; or by planting
a great number of seeds from some plant that doesn't
come true " and selecting any varieties that are superior
to the parent plant ; or by hybridizing two species or
varieties and by long and scientific selection of the off
spring fix a desirable variety . Luther Burbank is the lead
ing hybridist in America .
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING ,

of education , either original or
-
1. Give a definition
quoted .
Ans . Education includes all those processes , activities ,
that occasion subjective changes in man ,
and influences
whether these changes are physical , mental ,
moral , or
spiritual . —WHITE .
2. Describe some method of instruction which
,
though
suitable for an unusually bright pupil , would not be well
adapted to one who is slow and backward .
Ans .— The method of conducting a recitation by address
ing questions to the class as a whole and habitually calling
upon those who may first indicate their readiness to recite ,
gives a good opportunity to the brighter pupils to profit by
the recitation , but is not well adapted to those whose minds
act more slowly .
3. Mention three desirable qualities in a teacher . What
is likely to be the effect on the school of each of the quali
ties mentioned ?
Ans —. Three desirable qualities and their effects on the
school : ( 1 ) Genuine interest in the day's work on the part
of the teacher produces a similar interest on the part of
the pupils ; ( 2 ) Courteous consideration shown by the teach
er towards the pupils inspires the practice of good manners
(
by the pupils ; 3) Self- control displayed by the teacher is
one of the chief requisites of a well -governed school . Un
(
desirable qualities and their effects : 1) Lack of orderli
ness in the teacher encourages disorder among pupils ; ( 2 )
If the teacher fails to prepare properly for the recitation ;
the pupils will be unprepared ; ( 3 ) If the teacher's stand
ard of moral conduct should be low , the moral atmosphere
of the school would become tainted .
4. What is a cause of the habitual disorder which some
times prevails in a school-room ? Suggest a remedy .
Ans . One cause of disorder is the failure of the teacher
to give undivided attention to one thing at a time . If the
teacher's mind is distracted , he cannot locate the cause of
disorder . The remedy is the concentration of effort and
attention by the teacher. The pupils will immediately be
come attentive and the disorder will subside .
5. Name three mental processes which are involved in
the perception represented by the statement , “ This object
is a knife .''
Ans .-( 1 ) Qualities of the object impress the senses ; ( 2 )
a mental image is formed of similar impressions previously
experienced ; ( 3 ) the present object identified as belonging
to the general concept , knife .
STATE OF KANSAS 89
6. How does a child compare with an adult in reasoning

power ? Why this difference ?
Ans . - Ordinarily the reasoning power is not so well de
veloped in a child as in an adult . Reasoning depends large
ly on previous experience and the range of experience is
much greater in the adult than in the child .
7. What should be the effect of education on desirable
and undesirable feelings or emotions ?
Ans . - The effect should be to enable a person to control
his feelings so that undesirable emotions may disappear and
desirable emotions prevail .
8. Is the will cultivated better by complete subjection
to another person or by the exercise of freedom ? How
will your answer affect your method of school government ?
Ans . The will cannot be cultivated by complete subjec
tion to the will of another . The exercise of freedom is the
only way by which self -mastery is gained . This does not
mean that there should never be restraint in school govern
ment . There should be abundant and frequent opportunity
for the pupil to decide for himself , but he is not thereby
relieved of the responsibility of the consequences of his de
cision . The best school government allows opportunity for
self - government by the pupils , but does not tolerate excess
or license .
9. Which requires more thorough preparation on the
part of the teacher , an oral lesson or a lesson from the
text -book ? Why ?
Ans .— The teacher should make thorough preparation for
the recitation whether the lesson is oral or based on a text
book . Thorough preparation is required for an oral lesson
because the teacher must have in mind all the facts to be
presented . When the text -book is used , the teacher should
be prepared so thoroughly as to be independent of the text
book in conducting the recitation .
10. Name three kinds of mental images . In your own
experience what images are most vivid ?
Ans . —Mental images may be ( 1 ) visual , of things seen ;
( 2 ) auditory , of things heard , or ( 3 ) muscular , reviving
images of muscular sensations or movements . ( There are
other forms also ) . In the author's experience auditory
images are more vivid than visual ; that is , sounds are
pictured more clearly than things seen .
.
MUSIC .
1. Discuss the method of teaching any musical problem .
Ans ( a ) Sing E - flat major scale by syllable . Begin
by
all
ning at upper La ( pitch C ) , sing

of
tones scale
syllable downward to La below , and ascend scale -wise to

upper Lo . This tone series is a form of the minor scale .
It is the oldest of the three minor scale forms in present
common use , and we will call it the primitive minor scale .
( b ) Using upper half of this scale , sing La , Mi, Fa , Mi ,
La , So , La. ,
Sing the same , except-substitute Ši for So ,
and observe better leading effect , Si, La . With this sub
stitution , a complete ascending scale would be La , Fi, Do ,
Re , Mi , Fa , Si, La . This scale form is more satisfactory
than others for harmony , and is called the harmonie minor
scale . ( c ) The interval , Fa , Si ( or augmented second ) , is
a half - step larger than any other second in the scale , and
for melodic reasons Fi is often substituted for Fa , making
the upper scale half ( ascending ) Mi , Fi , Si , La , two major
seconds and one minor second . This is commonly termed
the melodic minor scale . ) (d Pitch names of tones of the
three minor scale forms in C minor . Primitive - C, d , e,
e - flat ,f -
, g , a - flat , b ilat , c. Harmonic - c, d , e- flat , f, g ,
a - flat , b , c. Melodic - c, d , e - flat, f , g , a , b , c. The primi
tive minor, as a complete is
scale , more commonly
ployed descending, the harmonic , either ascending or de
em
scending . The melodic , ascending .
2. Define soio , trio , opera , chorus , folk song .
Ans.- ( a ) A song for a single voice . ( b ) A song in
three parts for solo voices . ( c) A secular drama set to
,
music including solo and concerted numbers with instru
mental accompainment . ( a ) A composition in one or more
parts , designed to be sung by several voices for each part .
( e) A song usually of a simple and popular style , originat
ing among the people . Sometimes songs of known author
ship attain such permanency and universality of popularity
as to be classed as folk songs .
3. Give the signatures and locate do : ( a ) Key of A -flat .
(b ) Key of A.
4. Write the chromatic scale of C on a staff , ascending
and descending .
Ans .
For the applicant .
5. Explain the significance and illustrate : ( a ) Double
sharp . ( b ) Double flat.
Ans .-( á ) A double sharp makes a “ sharpped ” staff
degree represent a half -step higher pitch . ( 0 ) A double
flat makes a “ flatted ” staff degree represent a half -step
lower pitch . Cases may occur where double-sharps or
double- flats appear on staff degrees not sharpped or flatted ,
when they make degrees represent pitches a
step higher or
lower , but in most instances of this kind the single sharp
STATE OF KANSAS 91
or flat is implied if not visibly present . Illustration for

the applicant .
6. Illustrate on a staff four measures in & measure .
Ans .-- For the applicant .
7. Name and illustrate five keys .
Ans .- ( a) A major , B - flat minor , D minor , C -sharp minor ,
C - flat major . ( b) For the applicant .
8. Define and write the scale names .
Ans. ( a ) A scale is the tones of a key in regular suc
cession from a tonic to its octave inclusive . A complete
diatonic scale includes eight tones in a prescribed rela
tion . A full chromatic scale includes thirteen tones in
half - step succession ( twelve half - steps ) . ( b ) For the ap
plicant .

1. What two Kansas laws do you consider most import .
ant in preventing the transmission of disease ?
Ans . — Laws forbidding the use of the common drinking
cup , and the common towel .
2. Describe the lymphatic system . When these vessels
do not work properly what disease results ?
Ans .- ( a ) The lymphatic system consists of lymph
spaces between the tissue cells , of thin tubes leading away
from these two spaces and empting into two ducts: the
thoracic duct and the right lymph duct. Along the course
of the lymph tubes are spongy kernels called lymph glands.
The function of the lymphatic system is to absorb the fil
tered out plasma , drain it
into the two ducts and empty
it into the veins . The lymph glands act as filters for
cubators of pale corpuscles . (

stopping and destroying poisons in the lymph , and as in .
b) If
they were stopped
entirely death would result ; if stopped in some part of
the body a dropsical condition would ensue which might
be followed by gangrene .
3 . What is the effect on the heart of the continued use
of alcohol ?
Ans . - With some people little or no effect on the heart
is noticed but another organ , perhaps the liver or kidneys ,
will be injured ; with others à fatty degeneration of the
heart results . Pneumonia is likely to be fatal if the walls
of the ventricles are much weakened by these fatty
changes .
4. What part of the weight of one's body is blood ?
Describe the red corpuscles and their use .
Ans .-
( a ) One thirteenth in an adult ; one nineteenth
in an infant . ( ) They are circular , biconcave , yellowish
red discs ; composed of a spongy framework of proteid

material called the storma , having within it a reddish pig
all
ment called hemoglobin , fatty envelope
in
enclosed
a
are about one thirty two hundredths
an
of
cell wall
or
; -
inch wide are flexible and elastic have nucleus while
a
;
they are being formed
of
the red marrow
in
the bones
but none usually after they are fully grown They carry
,
,
.
oxygen from the lungs tissu an return some of
to
the carbon dioxide gas from the tissues the lungs
of
.
In what way does physical exercise affect the general
5
.
health
?
Ans By stimulating the different organs of respiration
,
.-
circulation and especially excretion to activity
of
(
.
What conditions favor malaria How
is
the disease
6
.
?
carried
?
Ans Stagnant water where the Stegomya mosquito

a
)
.
The only known method by this mosquito

(
is
can breed
b
)
.
.
After the female Stegomya fasciata has bitten malarial
a
patient and sucked some of his infected blood she later
,
healthy injects protozoan
of
bites person and some these
a
not bacterial germs into his blood These germs enter

(
.
)
destroy bringing
on
the red corpuscles and them paleness
,
weakness fever and chills
,
Give seven rules for the preservation
in of
.-
7.
health
.
Ans Bathe least once winter and
at
week
1
a
(
)
twice
in
week summer Brush the teeth twice day

a
a
.
(
)
day
at
and wash out the nostrils once Sleep least
3
a
(
)
.
eight hours per day well ventilated room Use no

in
4
in a
(
)
.
opiates any form Drink plenty
or
of
alcoholics
(5
or .
pure water lemonade orangeade limeade Eat plain

6
,
,
(
)
.
food moderate quantities regular hours Keep

in
at
(7
,
)
a .
the mind cheerful hopeful and clean for clean mind

,
,
clean body
its as
as
needful
is
is .
What mineral food and what

to
8.
essential health
,
the digestive fluids

on
effect
is
, ?
Ans The different salts

of
lime phosphorus iron etc.

,
,
.
and common table salt Common salt increases the flow of

.
the digestive fluids and has many other uses the body
ofin
in
Define narcotic and mention two

9.
the most
a
jurious
in . .
drug that deadens the sensibility

of
Ans
A
nerves
a
(
)
and large quantities produces insensibility and death

.
Alcohol and cocaine

5
.
(
)
be
10. Give three reasons why the schoolroom should

properly ventilated How should teacher teach hygiene
a
.
by
example
) ?
Ans
.-
To remove chalk dust and other

to
the dust
a
;
(
STATE CF KANSAS 93
remove carbon dioxide and body odors ; to admit oxygen .

( 6 ) By being clean in body and mind ; a total abstainer
in the use of alcoholic liquors and tobacco ; taking a rea
sonable amount of exercise in the open air every day ;
using an individual comb and brush , tooth brush , towel and
drinking cup , and by keeping his fingers and lead pencils
out of his mouth .
READING .
What are two important objects to be attained as a
1.
result of teaching reading ?
First the ability obtain the writer's thoughts
.--
to
Ans
or ,
from print writing the ability express the
to
second
,
;
same orally transfer thoughts from the printed
or
to
or
,
written production the listener through the agency

to
of
the
voice
.
Compare the phonetic method teaching beginners
of
2.
Point out the advantages

ofto
read with some other method

.
the method which you prefer
Ans the phonetic method the child first learns the , .
.--
In
by
letters and groups
of
sounds represented letters while
;
the alphabetic method
of
the letters are first
in
the names
,
learned without regard their sound Of these two the

to
.
phonetic method the simpler and the more effective since
is
,
gives the learner key which enables him pronounce
it
to
a
new words sight

is at
What the advantage any requiring child

in
3.
if
a
,
sight words apart from their use

of
to
learn number
in
? a
sentences
Ans the sight words thus learned are words fre of
If
.
-
.
quent occurrence an acquaintance with them obtained with
,
in
out regard their use sentences enables the learner

to
to
,
read more easily any sentence

of
which one
in
or
more these
previously learned words appears
.
of
How may the teacher test the results silent read

4.
ing by the pupils learning the pronunciation

of
to
as
a
)
(
as
grasping the thought

as
words
to
whole
b
.- ;
?
(
By)
skillful questioning that the pupil may

so
Ans
,
a
)
his(
to
lyhe
led use and pronounce answers the words silent

in
so
may display
he
and that his answers his

in
read
b
;
(
of )
comprehension the thought

.
Explain the tendency perform the speech move

5.
to
ments during silent reading

or .
Ans Every mental act find expression

to
state tends
.-
as of
bodily action
ofin
and the presence the mind images

in
;
words which may

be
as
muscular images well visual

,
or auditory , tends to produce the muscular movements which

would be made if the words read silently were actually
spoken
rule
and
6. Define force give practical suggestion
or
a
regarding its use
is .
greater less intensity
of
Ans Force voice ex
or
a a
.
in -
reading passage as The
be or
erted sentence whole
.
governed by the character
of
amount force used should
Ordinary matter should
beof
be
to
the sentiment expressed
ofa .
passage representing
ex
read with moderate force
in
;
cited emotion greater intensity speech appropriate
is
.
How may the study reading
be
of
correlated with other
7.
school subjects ?
Reading required the study any branch
of
Ans
in
is
is -
.
which presented through text book The lesson in
.
-
geography history any other branch may contain mat
or
in
,
ter as profitable for reading the reading book itself
in as
.
But little progress can learning any lesson from
be
made
text book unless the pupil can read intelligently
a
Writes five questions suitable for use by
in
8.
class
a
Gettysburg
ad
preparation for recitation Lincoln's 8. on
a
Fourth Reader page

.-
dress
,
(
.
Ans On what occasion was this address delivered

1
(
)
In
what terms did Lincoln characterize the fundamental

2
(
)
principles What
on
which our nation was founded
3
( ?
(
)
determined by the civil war Why was
be
to
issue was
4
)
not possible in larger sense dedicate the battle
to
it
"
"
by
What great
of
field the ceremonies the occasion

5
(
)
Many other questions

, be
task remained accomplished

to
,
?
(
be
equally satisfactory might
-
proposed
)
.
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Answer any five omit three .
;
(
)
.
an
of
illustration land forms affecting industries

1.
Give
or
Kansas and another for the New England Atlantic

in
States .Explain causes and influences

in
each case
.— .
level surface and the deep fer

of
Ans The wide extent

Kansas are natural conditions for
of
tile soil the State

in
In
successful agriculture New England though the land

,
.
too rough and sterile for farming except small areas

in
is
there are numerous rapid rivers which furnish abundance

of
cheap water power which utilized manufacturing

in
is
industries of various kinds Also the nearness

to
the sea
.
coast along which are many good harbors further helps

,
,
by
manufacturing furnishing the means for securing raw

material and of marketing the manufactured products
.
do
How mountains influence climate and affect life

2.
?
STATE CP KANSAS 93
Give and explain briefly two illustrations of such influences .

Ans . — Both sides of the Andes are affected by climate .
The moisture - laden clouds coming from the Atlantic are
condensed on the eastern summits and copious rains fall
on the eastern plains , giving them fertility . On account of
the altitude , tropical regions are rendered temperate by
mountains and thus become more adapted as the home of
man . A good illustration is the interior plateaus of Mexico .
3. Describe the effect of glaciers or ice - sheets on land
over which they pass, and on lands where their loads are
deposited .
Ans . — The glaciers transport the waste of mountains down
to lower levels and mold the land surface into various forms .
They wear away the rocks and stir and change the soils .
4. What is meant by wind systems ? Explain why we
have the belt of calms .
Ans . — By a wind system is meant one of the great parts
of the atmospheric circulation of the earth . For example ,
the trade -winds, the prevailing westerlies .
Outside of the trade -wind belts in both hemispheres is a
belt of calms in which the currents of air are descending .
Between the northern and southern trades is another belt
of calms in which the currents of air are ascending. The
fact that the currents of air are rising or falling instead
of passing along the surface accounts for the belt of calms .
5. Give quite fully the causes of the seasonal temperature
changes . Give the cause of a rainy and dry season in some
regions of the earth .
Ans . — The changes of the seasons are due to the inclina
tion of the axis and the earth's revolution around the sun .
This causes the directness of the sun's rays upon any point
of the earth's surface to vary greatly in the course of a
year , thus accounting for the season's temperature changes .
High pressure over the ocean and low pressure over the
land cause winds toward the land and consequently a rainy
season . But if in consequence of seasonal changes this
situation is reversed , the winds will blow toward the ocean
and the land will be dry .
6. Discuss the effects of waves and tides on ( a ) a high
rocky coast ; ( b ) the mouth of a large river . Give illus
trations .
Ans . - Waves do most of their work at the level of the
sea , cutting horizontally against the edge of the land . On
a high rocky coast the waves grind away the lower edges ,
undermine the ledges higher up , and thus form cliffs .
Whenever a river enters the head of a bay it forms a delta
and shallows the water . At the same time the waves sweep
into the bay waste cut from the exposed headlands and a
smooth beach is formed .
7. Contrast the flora of tropical , temperate and arctic
regions . What are the causes of these variations ?
Ans . — The flora of the several zones may be compared as
follows : Great luxuriance and variety of plant life
throughout the entire year in the tropical regions . Scanty
vegetation limited to the short summer season in the arctic
regions. The somewhat abundant vegetation in summer
followed by the barren winter in the temperate regions .
The causes of these variations are the extent of the summer
season and the amount of rainfall .
8. Explain fully the formation of dew ; of hail .
Ans. As the air cools at night it may become saturated .
If the temperature falls still lower the vapor will condense
and be found on the grass and leaves . Raindrops , carried
upward by vertical currents of air , are held suspended and
frozen . They may fall in this condition or be caught up
again and again by the wind and additional layers of ice
added .
July 25 and 26 , 1913
ALGEBRA .
1. Give the rule for adding and subtracting quantities
having a common factor .
Ans .— To add numbers having a common factor , add the
co -efficients of the common factor and multiply the sum
by the common factor . To subtract numbers having a com
mon factor , subtract the co -efficients of the common factor
and multiply the difference by the common factor .
2. Give and name the symbols of aggregation . State the
rule for removing them .
Ans. The symbols of aggregation are ( ) , [ ] ) { } ,,
and they are called respectively , ' parenthesis , " bracket ,"
" brace " and " bar , or " vinculum . " An aggregation
symbol preceded by a plus sign may be neglected . An
aggregation symbol preceded by a minus sign can be re
moved by changing the sign of every term within it .
3. Write the indicated products :
( e)
bc
mp
(a )
(a +
( x + y ) 3.
) (a + bc
(m — - P ) ( m + n + p ) .
).
Solution.- ( a) ( ) ( m + n + ) = [m-
p (n + p ) ]
[ m + n +p) ]
: m2 (n + p ) 2
STATE OF KANSAS 97
= m2
92 — 2np — p2.
(b )
(c) ( (a + bc
a + b — c ) = a2 +62 + c2 + 2ab - 2ac42bc .
)(
x + y 3 = 33 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3.
)
4. State the factor theorem and show its use in determin
ing the exact divisor for each of the following :
( a ) 33 + 13.
( b ) 35 + 45.
Ans. If
any expression containing & reduces to o when
a is substituted for x , then
pression .
I
— a is a factor of that ex .
(a) 23 + y3 .
Take a = y and substitute for x in the expression
3x3+ 43 y3 + y = 0 -
Then by the above theorem x - ( - y ) or x + y is a factor
and therefore a divisor of x3 + 43.
305
.y5
+
(6)
Take y
ty -5
=
or 205
.
y5
=
+
+
=
0
Then — factor and
of
is divisor
.gõ2
a
a
y
2
-
(
)
-
rõ
+
Find the algebraic

5.
sum
:
y
y
2
:6
2 y2 +
-
y
Y
2
.
Solution.
y2
my
y2
230 xy
+
200
Y
— sty y2
22
42
22
-
23 2xy
-
22-42
149
2x
(
X2 y2
Number order and state the five axioms used
in
in
6.
the
simple equations
. of
solution
.
If
Ans equal quantities are added equal quanti

to
1
.-
be
ties the sums will equal

3. , 2. ,
.
If
equal quantities are subtracted from equal quanti

equal
be
ties the remainders will

.
equal quantities are multiplied by the same quantity

If
by equal quantities the products will

be
or
equal
If
,
equal quantities are divided by the same quantity

4.
by equal quantities the quotients will

be
or
equal
,
the same quantity

or
Quantities equal equal quan

5.
to
to
tities are equal each other

to
,
7. Write 347 as a trinomial . Write the number whose

three digits in order are a , b , c ; also the number whose
three digits in order are c , b , a .
Solution .— ( a ) 347 300 + 40 + 7.
(b) 1000 + 10b + c. -
( c) 1000 + 10b + a .
8. Divide the number 248 into two parts , such that 7
times the first is 42 more than twice the second .
Solution.- Let x the first part .
Then 248 the second part .
7C —- 42 = 2 ( 248 — 2 ) ( 1)
Multiplying out in the second member
73 — 42 = 496 — 2x ( 2)
9x = 538 (3)
Dividing by 9
2 = 597 = the first number . (4)
-597 = 18846 =
-
248 the second number .
3x + 1 5x 1 9x + 5 21 5
.
+7 +
4x 8x 5.3 5
(1)
Solution
3x + 1 5x 1 92 +5 21 5
+7 +
4x 8.30 5x 5 C
Multiply ( 1 ) by 40x
30x + 10 — 25x + 5 + 280x 72x 40
168x + 200 ( 2)
45 % : 225 (3)
Divide ( 3 ) by 45
= X (4)
CHECK : Put 5 for x in ( 1)
15 + 1 25-1 + 21 5
+
45 5
+7 =
orier
20 40 25 5
4% -36 + 7—2 = 285
16 +5 266
295 = 26 %.
5x + 2y =a+ 18
#
(
Solution.
=
+
++
2g 18
x
5
2 1
( (
) )
3x
+
2x 3y 27
STATE OF KANSAS 99
Transposing and collecting terms in ( 1 ) and ( 2 )

4x + 2y = 18 ( 3)
-20
3y = 27 ( 4)
by+
Multiply
+4
(
- )
4x 12y = 108
Add and
=5
)
(
(
)
12
14y (6 )
by
14
Divide
6
(
)
( 7)
9
Substitute for
+ in
y
4
(
)
-20
27 = 27
(8
)
Transpose and collect terms
in
-X =
8
(
)
0
9
(
)
by
Divide —1
9
(
)
10
0
x X
(
)
=
18x =
Therefore and
=
y
0
9
.
CHECK Substitute for and
in
+y
1
)
:
(
18
+
-
0
0
18 18
Substitute for and
27in
x
+y
2
(
)
+ 27
0
27 = 27
ARITHMETIC
.
Give one practical method for securing ability
to
1.
add
numbers with rapidity and accuracy
45.
Ans Complete mastery

of
the combinations abso

—
is
.
lutely essential rapid work adding Ability

to
, in
to
see the
.
as
groups numbers such for example those groups

of
5, of
sum
,
10
15
Give much drill

or
much help
of
that make
is
,
work keeping the above suggestions mind

in
,
Explain the terms and symbols used addition as

in
2
.
you would teaching class beginning the subject

if
Ans The terms addition addends sum and plus need

.—
a ,
,
,
be
as to
preliminary step but

as
defined and illustrated not

the work proceeds
.
Example
:
3452 12
2346 17
4253 16
2731 11
12782 12872
to
Oral work accompany the solution First column one

,
,
"
:
12
four ten twelve Write and add column

in
opposite
."
, ,
,
direction Add the other columns placing

in
like manner
,
the result underneath and one place to the left as shown

above . Finally add the partial results .
It may be pointed out that the process thus carried out
is called addition ; that the numbers which are being added
are addends ; and that the result thus obtained is called the
sum . The sign ( + ) plus is used to indicate that the num
bers between which it
is placed are to bo added .
Example : 3 + 2 + 5 + 4 = 14 .
This sign is used when the addends are written in a hori
zontal line . The sign of equality is placed between the
indicated sum and the sum .
3. Explain fully the process in the following : Add 64
. 5/8
and
.
Ans The fractions must first be reduced
to
common
a
denominator Since are prime each other their
to
and
7
7 8
,
.
least common multiple This
56
the least
is
X
=
is
.
Now multiply both
of
common denominator the fractions
.
by
64
of
terms
8
:
48
X
6
56
x
7
of a 8
Multiplying both terms fraction by the same number

of
does not change the value the fraction Similarly mul
,
.
.
by
tiply both terms

58
of
X7
:
35
5
X7 56
8
Next add the numerators and place the sun over the
common denominator
:
48 35 83
+
56 56 56
the result
–
to
Reduce mixed number

83a
56
=
1276
Define base rate percentage the rate found
4.
is
IIow
,
when base and percentage are given Explain fully with

,
?
illustration
.
.-—
which some per cent

of
Ans The number found

is
is is
called the base The number of hundredths be taken

a to
.
called the rate The result found by taking certain per

.
To find the rate

of
cent the base called percentage

is
divide the percentage by the base

.
of the trees
30
farmer set out 300 apple trees and

A
to
failed grow What per cent failed grow

to
?
.
The percentage the product

of
and rate
is
the base
of .
by
Hence the product the percentage divided

if
is
one
(
)
STATE OF KANSAS 101
30
;
the factors ( base or rate ) the quotient is the other factor
( rate or base ) .
300 : .10 10 per cent .
5. A dealer buys 500 lbs . of California prunes for $45 ,
and sells 400 lbs . at a profit of 331 % , and the rest at a loss
of 50 % . Does he gain or lose , and how much ?
Solution.
Cost of 500 lbs . $45 .
Cost of 400 lbs . 46 X $ 45 $36 .
331 % of $ 36 = } of $36 $ 12.
$ 36 + $ 12 $48 selling price of 400 lbs.
Cost of 100 lbs . 16 of $45 $ 9.
50 % of $9 - 1 of $ 9 $4.50 loss on 100 lbs .
$ 9 — $ 4.50 $ 4.50 selling price of 100 lbs .
$ 48 + $ 4.50 $52.50 selling price of 500 lbs .
$ 52.50 $45 $ 7.50 gain on 500 lbs .
6. A man borrowed $450 on March 10 , at 6 % , and $ 1200
on April 10 , at 5 % . He paid the principal and interest in
each case on December 30 of the same year . How much did
he pay ?
Solution.
12 mo . 30 da .
3 10
9 mo . 20 da .
Int .on $ 1 for 9 mo . 20 da . at 6 % $.0483 .
e 450. X $.0483
Int .on $450 for 9 mo . 20 da . at 6 %
$21.75 .
$ 450 + $21.75 $ 471.75 = amount of first note .
12 mo . 30 da .
4 10
8 mo . 20 da .
Int .on $ 1 for 8 mo . 20 da . at 6 % $.0431 .
Int .on $ 1200 for 8 mo . 20 da . at 6 % = 1200 X $ .043 }
$52.00 .
Y6 of $52.00 = $8.663 .
Int . on $ 1200 for 8 mo . 20 da . at 5 % $52.00 - $ 8.663
$ 43.331 .
$ 1200 + $43.33 = $ 1243.33 amount of second note .
$ 471.75 + $ 1243.33 $ 1715.08 = amount of both notes
December 30 .
7. An ice company has an ice house 120 ft.
long , 52 ft.
wide , and 28 ft . high , after making allowance for packing .
How many tons of ice will it hold , allowing 583 lbs . to the
cubic foot ?
Solution.
120 X 52 X 28 X 583
507746 = No. of tons capacity .
2000
8. A train leaves a city at 5:15 P. M. , and reaches a city
.
1091 mi . distant at 7:51 P. M. Allowiny 10 min . for stop
ping at stations , what is the rate of travel per hour ?
Solution
7 hr . 51 min .
5 15
2 hr . 36 min . - total time for the trip including stops .

2 hr . 36 min . 10 min . 2 hr . 26 min . = 22660 hr .
actual running time .
1094 • 21330 • 7330
2192 X 3073
2192 45 = No.
mi . per hour .
9. A rectangular playground has an area of 188 sq . yds.
540 sq . in . It is 14 yds. 9 in . long . What is the width ?
Solution.
188 X 9 sq . ft . 1692 sq . . ft
1692 X 144 sq . in . 243648 sq . in .
243648 sq . in . + 540 sq . in . 244188 sq . in .
14 x 3 ft. 42 ft .
x
;
42 12 in . 504 in . -
504 in . + 9 in . : 513 in .
244188 513 476 No. inches wide .
476 in . 13 yd . 8 in .
10.
flagstaff rope
of
24
From the top

ft
isstretched
a
. a
.
point How long

of
ft
from the foot the staff the

to
is
7
a
rope
?
The figure right triangle

of
Solution which the

.—
is
a
base and altitude are given and the hypotenuse required

is
be found
to
of
of
The square the hypotenuse equal the

to
is
the sum
the other two sides
of
squares
.
=
72
H2
++
242
576 49
625
!
=
H
625 25
=
long
25
Therefore the rope

ft
is
GEOGRAPHY
.
Of what materials would you relief maps

1.
make
?
TV
of
hat the value relief map

is
Papier mache would The

be
Ans the cheapest form

.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 103
value is in giving the children a clearer view of elevations

and depressions than it is possible to get from the ordinary
map .
2. Define trade -winds , monsoons , belts of calms .
Ans. ( a) Between the parallel of 28 ° in the northern
hemisphere and the parallel of 25 ° south latitude there blow
steady winds from the northeastward in the northern hemi
sphere and from the southeastward in the southern hemi.
sphere . These winds prevail within the limits given , round
two -thirds of the earth's surface . ( b ) Winds which blow
over the Indian Ocean . They are nearly within the same
limits of latitude , but they differ from the trade -winds in
that they blow one -half the year from one quarter , and the
other half from an opposite quarter . (c ) It is north of the
trade - winds belt in the northern hemisphere and south of
it in the southern hemisphere .
3. Name countries in which climate is affected by oceanic
currents ; latitude ; altitude .
Ans .— ( a) Great Britain , western United States, Labra
dor . (b ) India , northern Russia , in fact , all countries ex
cept when climate is modified by ocean currents and other
causes . ( c ) Quito is on the equator, but it has a mild
climate , because of its situation about 10,000 feet above
sea level . The countries or parts of countries in the Andes
and Rockies .
4. Under what general headings would you teach the
geography of North America ?
Ans . - Physical features , vegetation and animals , man .
5. What use would you make of stereoscopic views in
geography classes ?
Ans. - Stereoscopic views add greatly to the interest in
geography classes . They can be used in nearly every reci .
tation , showing pictures of cities , peoples , natural features ,
etc.
6. What specimens would you use in your school room
showing the chief agricultural , mineral , and fruit produc
tions of the state ?
Ans. - Wheat, corn , alfalfa and other grasses , apples and
other fruits , coal , gypsum , salt.
7. Compare the states of Nebraska und Washington as
to climate, productions , rainfall and surface.
Ans . — Nebraska has a hot climate . Productions : Corn ,
wheat, alfalfa ; rainfall more uncertain than in Washing
ton , surface varies from level to hilly . Washington being
on sea coast has a more temperate climate west of the
mountains . Productions : Wheat , hops , fruits , coal, sal

mon , lumber .
8. Name the countries in which silk , rice , rubber , tea ,
and cotton are leading productions .
Ans .- ( a ) China , Japan , India , Italy , France . (6)
Japan , Siam , United States, Burma . ( c) Brazil . (d)
China , Japan , India , Ceylon , Java . ( e) United States ,
India, Egypt, Brazil.
9. Compare Germany and France as to people , language ,
geographical situation , form of government, seaports.
Ans . - Germany : People , Teutonic ; language , German ;
sea front , the Baltic Sea and the North Sea ; Russia on east ;
Austria , south and southeast ; form of government , limited
monarchy ; sea ports , Bremen , Hamburg , Danzig . France ;
People , descendants of Gauls ; language, French ; situated
between the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea ; Pyrenees on
southwest ; Belgium , Germany , Switzerland and Italy_on
east ; form of government , republic ; sea ports , Havre , Bor
deaux , Marseilles .
10. What causes deltas ? Name two great deltas .
Ans.- ( a) A river on reaching the low level near the sea
or lake which it enters, divides itself into several channels .
( b ) Delta of the Nile and of the Volga .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1 ( Credit 50 per cent . ) Luncheon , adhesion emulate ,
compromise , physician , freight, battalion , celebration , cre
tonne , religion , Chautauqua , omelet , reticule , neuralgia ,
dedicate , prisoner , insular , collision , petrify , censure , effer
vesce , receive ysalaries , sentiment, moire .
3. Should pupils in fourth , fifth , and sixth grades 'use
a speller ? Why ?
Ăns. —Many teachers think a speller unnecessary . They
can find words enough in the readers and in
the other
books used by the pupils . However , a speller would be
valuable for review drills .
4. Why cannot the high school pupils of today spell as
well as their fathers and mothers ? What method will you
use to correct this condition .
Ans . - Many think they spell better than their fathers
and mothers . However , that may be , “ there is no excel
lence without great labor, and there is no better rule in
learning to spell.
5. Make a list of five root words which are prolific
sources of derivatives , and write two derivatives from each .
Analyze two of the derivatives .
STATE OF KANSAS 105
Ans . ( a ) Hood : Examples , manhood , childhood . Bid :

Examples , outbid , outdo . With : Examples , withdraw , with .
stand . Ships : Examples , worship , penmanship . Wise : Ex
amples, likewise , otherwise. (b ) See the unabridged dic .
tionary .
6. Give four rules for forming the plural .
Ans . - Addings or es to the singular ; by changing y
into ies in nouns ending in y after a consonant ; by a
change of vowels as man , men ; by changing for fe into ves .

1. Name seven prominent American explorers and tell
something about their explorations .
Ans . —Meriwether Lewis and William Clarke , in 1803-1806 ,
explored the headwaters of the Missouri , also of the Colum
bia and much of the territory between the rivers . Zebulon
Pike, 1805-07 , explored the territory , now Oklahoma Kansas ,
the region of the Arkansas , Kansas and Osage Rivers , and
Colorado . He discovered Pike's Peak . Stephen Harriman
Long , in 1816, explored the Mississippi and its tributaries .
Long's Peak was named in honor of him . Robert Gray
was the first to carry the American flag around the globe,
and discovered the mouth of the Columbia River on May
11 , 1792 , given by one authority as August , 1788. Henry
Stanley can justly be claimed as an American explorer, for
he was sent to Africa by the New York Herald . IIe ex
plored much of the territory in central Africa. Captains
Francis Hall , Adolphus Washington Greely , and Elisha
Kent Kane explored the Arctic regions.
2. Was the leading factor in colonization political , social ,
economic , or religious ?
Ans . — Religious in the early colonies .
3. What territory has been gained ( a ) by war ; ( b ) by
annexation ; ( c ) by purchase ?
Ans .- ( a) The southwestern part of the United States
from Mexico ; the Philippine Islands , Porto Rico , and
Guam from Spain . ( 5 ) Texas , Hawaiian Islands . ( c)
Alaska , Gadsden Purchase , Florida , the Louisiana territory ,
the Canal Zone from Panama .
4. Discuss the teaching of history in the first three
grades .
Ans.- It should be done largely through stories , pictures ,
simply written biographies , and maps .
7. Discuss briefly (a ) commission form of government ,
( b ) woman suffrage movement , ( c ) San Francisco exposi
tion .
Ans. It is a form , recently adopted in many cities , in

which a commission is substituted for a council elected by
wards . ( 6 ) The movement which has for its purpose the
granting to woman the same rights that man has in voting
and holding office . Ten states have adopted woman suf
frage , and Congress is now asked to submit a woman suf
frage amendment to the several legislatures . ( c ) It is the
exposition which is to be held at San Francisco in 1915 to
celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal .
5. Give the historical significance of ( a) Dred Scott
Decision ; ( b ) Monroe Doctrine .
Ans.- Its
( a) immediate significance was that slavery
tvas extended over the entire country , for the decision was
that a slave holder could claim his slaves in any state . The
decision was one of the causes which brought on the Civil
War . It
(b ) stopped the governments of Europe from
transplanting monarchial forms of government to the
western continent .
6. Discuss the chief results of the Civil War .
Ans . - Results : Abolition of slavery ; the recognition of
the fact that the country is one and indivisible ;
the knit
ing together of the antagonistic sections of the United
States .
8. Who are the following : William Jennings Bryan ,
Ella Flagg Young , Champ Clark , Hiram Johnson , Oscar T.
Underwood , Jane Addams , Booker T. Washington , Andrew
Carnegie , William Gibbs McAdoo , Henry Allen ?
Ans .-- ( a) Secretary of State in President Wilson's cabi
ret . (6 ) Superintendent of the Chicago schools. ( c)
Speaker of the House of Representatives . ( d ) Governor
of California . ( e) Was candidate for the Democratic
nomination for President of the United States last year ,
now leader of the Democratic majority in the House of
Representatives. ( f ) A distinguished worker in the slums
of Chicago . ( 9 ) A noted negro leader ; the principal of
Tuskegee Institute , an industrial school for negro young
men and young women . ( h ) A millionaire of New York
institutions . ( ) Secretary of the Treasury . j

City who has given much to public libraries and educational
( ) Well
known political leader and speaker in Kansas .
9. Discuss the Presidential Succession Act .
Ans . - The Presidential Succession Act became law in
1886 . It provides that in case of the death or disability
of both the President and Vice -president, the Secretary of
State shall be acting president until the disability is re
moved or until a new president is elected . It is provided
further that the other members of the cabinet shall serve
STATE OF KANSAS 107
in the following order : (

2) Secretary of the Treasury , ( 3 )
Secretary of War , ( 4 ) Attorney General, ( 5 ) Secretary of
the Navy , ( 6 ) Postmaster General, ( 7) Secretary of the
Interior .
10. Discuss briefly
the proposed tariff revision .
Ans. — The purpose is expressed
by President Wilson in
the following words : “ We must abolish everything that
artificial advantage . " It

bears even the semblance of privilege or of any kind of
is proposed to put wool on the free
list , and sugar after three years. The proposed changes are
opposed in Louisiana and the beet sugar regions , and the
wool proposition is opposed in the northwest. Other ar
ticles on which duties are to be reduced are pig iron , steel
ingots , hides and skins, leather , boots, shoes , harness and
saddlery , coal , fish and four. It is impossible now to say
what the final action on the bill will be .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. State briefly what the condition of Kansas was when
it was admitted into the Union .
all
Ans . — The settlers were poor , and had to battle with
recent drouth invasions from Mis
of
sorts conditions
,
a
;
souri and the impending war for the preservation
of
the
,
Union
,
What and where the State School Mines of

2.
is
?
at
of It
Ans Weir for
in
is
school established 1911.
A
-
.
the purpose teaching the scientific knowledge mining

. of
and metallurgy
Describe briefly The Legislative War
3.
"
."
Ans War
in
The was January 1893 be

;
contest
"
"
-
,
.
,
tween the Republicans and the Populists for the possession
of
of
the House Representatives Two speal ers were elected

.
and both occupied the same desk The contest lasted until
.
February
25
when the Supreme Court decided

ez of
favor
in
,
the Republicans During the contest there were many

.
citing incidents the militia was called out and the sheriff
,
Shawnee County organized

of
of
force about 800 deputy

a
sheriffs Had there been saloons the city there surely

in
.
would have been bloodshed

.
Tell briefly what legislation indicated by the fol

is
4.
lowing headings Maximum railroad rates prohibition

, of
.
;
:
slot machines biennial election law municipal suffrage bill

;
;
truancy law
.
the legislature
of
Ans An act 1905 established

by a
(
)
of -
by
maximum rates for the transportation crude oil rail

.
legislature Until 1876 the

of
hibited the 1903

c
(
)
.
roads . ( 6 ) The use of slot machines for gambling was pro

hibited by the legislature of 1903 . Until 1876 the
legislature met every year. In 1876 the constitution was
amended and biennial sessions were adopted . ( d ) In 1887
a bill was passed giving women the same rights as men
in voting at municipal elections . ( e) In 1903 an act was
passed requiring all children between the ages of eight
and fifteen to attend school .
5. What changes were made in the text -book law at the
last session of the legislature ?
Ans . — The old Text -book Commission was abolished , and
all
it was provided that printed
be
text books should
or
contracted for by the state new commission consisting
A
.
was provided for District and city
of
seven members
.
boards are directed buy the books from the state and
to
to
the pupils
to
sell them
.
Name the senators and representatives
6.
in
now con
gress from Kansas
.
Joseph
: L.
Ans Senators Bristow and William H.
-
:
.
P. D.
R.
Thompson Representatives First district Anthony
, ; ,
,
.
Taggart third Philip Campbell

Jr
.;
second Joseph
,
,
;
fifth G. Helvering sixth
T.
fourth Dudley Doolittle
,
,
;
, ;
A.
John Connelly seventh Geo eighth Victor
R.
Neeley
,
;
;
.
Murdock
.
Give briefly the chief facts the public life John
of
in
7.
of
Brown Osawatomie
.
Ans.- Born Torrington Connecticut May He

in
1800.
,
in ,
7,
the struggle
to
Kansas engage
to
to
came make the state
free He left Kansas in the fall of 1859 and went to
,
.
Harper's Ferry On the night

of
16
he
October 1859
,
,
.
with small band followers attacked and captured the

of
,
a
national arsenal He was arrested by United States troops

.
.
Brown was tried the Virginia courts was found guilty
in
,
of
on
treason and was executed December 1859

,
2,
Why were there many governors and acting gov

so
8.
ernors the territorial days

in
Ans successive governors for

of
the attitude
of
Because
.
against the Free State people

or
, .
Name free state leader afterward

9.
governor
. of
a
Kansas who was indicted for high treason and imprisoned

,
Ans.—Dr. Chas Robinson was arrested 1856 while

in
.
traveling with Mrs. Robinson Lexington He

at
Mo.
,
,
at
was imprisoned Lecompton four months

.
10. How would you encourage your pupils study the

to
of
history Kansas
?
By
, by
its
Ans telling them wonderful history asking

;
to.-
write sketches its noted men and women and by

of
them
showing how the state had led great reforms
in
.
STATE OF KANSAS 103
MODERN HISTORY .
1. In teaching modern history what use would you make
of the telegraphic dispatches in the newspapers ?
Ans . - The history of the world is in the telegraphic dis
patches each day ; hence the great importance of studying
current events . A brief period should be given to this work.
.
2. Explain the following words and terms : oid Regime ,
Encyclopedists , States General, Bastille , National Assembly .
Ans ( a ) The name given in French history to the ad
ministration before the Revolution . ( 6 ) The name given
to those who accepted the philosophy which Diderot and
D'Alembert embodied in their encyclopedie . ( c ) The title
of the National representative body in France before the
Revolution . ( d ) A notorious prison in Paris associated
with tyranny for many years. It was destroyed
Revolution . ( e) The name adopted by the French revolu .
tionists for their representative assembly .
at the
3. What good results are likely to follow the Balkan

Turkish war ?
Ans . — Turkish mis -rule in Europe will end , and a federa .
tion of the Balkan states is probable.
4. In British history what is meant by " removal of
disabilities ' ' ?
Ans. - Formerly Jews and Catholics were excluded from
office , and other restrictions were placed upon them . In
the nineteenth century the disabilities were removed .
5. What was the emancipation proclamation of Alex
ander II of Russia ? How did it differ from the emancipa
tion proclamation of Abraham Lincoln ?
Ans . - In 1861 Alexander emancipated more than 20 ,
000,000 of white men who had been serfs or slaves . Abrá
ham Lincoln's proclamation emancipated the slaves in the
states, or parts of states which were in rebellion .
6. Whò tried to construct the Panama Canal before the
United States government took charge of the work ? Why
did the first effort fail ?
Ans . - Ferdinand de Lesseps , a Frenchman . Because
of a failure to establish sanitary regulations and of mis
management in the financial administration .
7. Associate important events or an important event
with each of the following names : Charles Darwin , Man .
chus, Sentari , Huerta , Titanic .
Ans. ( a ) Author of " The Origin of Species ” and
« Descent of Man . " ( 6 ) The title of the ruling family
in China until the recent revolution . It is a title like that
of the Bourbons in France , or the Hapsburgs in Austria .

( c ) The word should have been printed Scutari .
city claimed by Montenegro and captured by it , but the
is a It
Powers refused to recognize Montenegro's claim . There
is another town of the same name situated in Asia Minor
opposite Constantinople . ( d ) The latest president of Mexi
co, but his tenure is uncertain . ( e) The unfortunate ship
that was sunk by an iceberg on the night of April 14 , 1912 .
Eight hundred thirty -two passengers and 685 of the crew
perished , 706 were saved by the life boats .
8. What use would you make of the school library in
teaching modern history ?
to
referring pupils
of
Ans Much use infor
in
.--
sources
mation history biography travels and fiction
in
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
What the meaning of liberty How would you
1.
is
?
teach the importance good government
to ? of
and the relation
between law and liberty
.-
do
do
Ans Freedom what we wish but do
in
to
a
,
(
)
ing this we must not interfere with the rights
of
others
.
The importance good government can easily
be
illustrat
of
of
ed
the government the school There are reasonable

in
.
laws and every child has the liberty right
do
to
what
is
.
Under good government persons and property have pro
a
laws are for the promotion of the common

all
tection and
,
welfare
.
In what three ways should every loyal citizen prove

2.
his her appreciation our government and help

or
to
of
maintain
By it
?
bearing his share

of
the bur
; to
Ans obedience law

;
.
-
by
dens citizenship implies helping further every move

to
ment which helps make the government better

to
Which deserves the most contempt and the hardest

3.
the penitentiary the wealthy tax dodger

or
work the
in
? ,
Why
of
pickpocket the slums

?
Ans The transgressor who has had the best training

.—
should be given the severest punishment The Great Teach

.
But that knew not and did commit things

, he
said
er
of “
,
:
worthy stripes shall beaten with few stripes

be
For
.
much re
of
be
unto whomsoever much given him shall

is
whom men have committed much

to
quired
of
and him
;
they will ask the more

.
Explain the postal savings bank system and the par

4.
cel post
.
the
Ans savings bank connected with postoffice

A
a
.
(
)
.
'
STATE CF KANSAS 111
In it small sums can be deposited and a low rate of inter

est allowed .
is (
b ) Not long ago , the weight of parcels
which one was allowed to send by mail was increased from
four to eleven pounds, and it is proposed now by the post
office department to make the weight much more .
5. What are the advantages of the township school over
the small districts ?
Ans . — The school is larger , and the equipments better .
The government of a township system requires fewer of
ficials .
6. What are advantages and disadvantages of the jury
system ?
Ans . - Advantages : Publicity is given to court proceed
ings, and the decisions are likely to be based upon the merits
of the case . Disadvantages : Too often unfit persons get
on juries and they may be able to defeat justice .
7. Why should every pupil have a knowledge of busi
ness law ? How would you create an interest ?
Ans . ( a) So that he may know what his legal rights
are , and that he may avoid the mistakes in business which
come through ignorance. ( 6 ) By showing from my knowl
edge , experience and observation the value of a knowledge
of business principles and forms .
8. How does the Kansas law divide the property of a
man who dies leaving a widow and children in case he
leaves no will ? Give three reasons why every man should
make a will .
Ans .-
( a) The half goes to the wife ; the other half to
the children . ( b ) To prevent disputes about the property
after his death ; to insure that exact justice is done to
all
his descendants and because man's business affairs should
;
adjusted before
of
be
he
passes out the world

.
of
Discuss advantages and disadvantages commis

9.
government
of
sion form Name three cities where has

it
.
been success
a
by
Ans Advantages The officials are elected the en

.
-
by:
tire city and not

of
wards each member the commis

;
responsible part
of
sion held for his the government

is
each member paid and required give all his time

( to
is
is
For the appli

to
the work Disadvantages None

5
)
:
.
cant
.
of
10. When does the Vice president the United States

-
in
the salary
of
have vote the senate What the Vice

a
is
?
president
(a ?
tie
Ans When the vote 8,000 per year

is
a
$
;
)
.
.
ANCIENT HISTORY .
1. Contrast Athens and Sparta , as to government and
people .
Ans . — The government in Sparta was strongly central
ized ; it was severe and exacting . Military power was mag
nified . The people were brave and warlike , but were not
greatly interested in art , literature or philosophy . ID
Athens , on the other hand , the ideal of government was
democracy . The people were intelligent and cultivated art ,
literature and philosophy , in
of all
which splendid works
of
were produced
.
the Medi
in
Discuss the colonization
2.
the Greeks
terranean region
.
of
Ans The shores the Mediterranean Sea were colon
.
-
ized extensively
by
the Greeks whose long coast line and
,
harbors were favorable navigation and com
to
excellent
merce . Many Greek settlements were made southern
in
Italy and Sicily
of
The borders the Black Sea the
by in
,
.
islands of the Aegean and the coast
of
Asia Minor were
occupied Greek colonies
.
of
Explain causes main events and results the Pelo
3.
ponnesian War
.
Peloponnesian War was the long

of
Ans The cause

.—
the
im
standing jealousy between Sparta and Athens The
by.
. to
mediate occasion was the sending
a of
aid Athens
Corcyra which was hard pressed in
war with Corinth
,
The Peloponnesian War lasted for twenty seven years The

-
.
policy of Sparta was the regions surrounding
to
devastate
Athens The Athenians with fleet harrassed the coasts
a
.
During the course the war a

of
the Peloponnesus
of
.
plague destroyed large number of Athenians including

a
some of the ablest leaders The result of the war was the
.
of
. of
downfall Athens following the naval battle

,
Aegospotami
'
of
Discuss the career Julius Caesar and its effect on

4.
Roman history
.
of
Ans Julius Caesar the most famous the Romans

.—
,
,
joined with Pompey and Crassus in

forming the First
of
Triumvirate After military campaigns

in
series Gaul
a
.
he
came into conflict with Pompey between whom and him

,
as
self leaders the civil war was fought This resulted

asin
.
Pompey and the establishment

of of
of
the defeat Caesar

carrying out his policies
In
the master the Roman world

.
of
15
44 he
on
was accused inordinate ambition and March

,
Although Caesar was not

an he
B.
C.
was assassinated
,
nominally yet brought the republic

he
an
emperor
to
,
end and prepared the way for the empire The institu
.
STATE OF KANSAS 113
tions which Caesar established were permanent and many

of his acts , e. g ., the reformation of the calendar , have had
an influence to the present time.
5. Describe the physical geography of Italy .
Ans . - Italy is a peninsula extending into the Mediter
ranean Sea , having the Adriatic Sea on the northeast and
the Tyrrhenian Sea on the southwest . The Appenine
mountains form a ridge extending through the length of
the country . The rivers on the eastern slope are short and
rapid , while those on the west are longer and larger , the
Tiber being the most noted . The western plains and val .
leys are fertile and suitable for agriculture and the moun .
tains are adapted to grazing . Southern Italy is subject to
volcanic disturbances and to earthquakes. Mount Vesuvius
is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world .

( Two questions may be omitted . )
1. Define acceleration. Explain why the motion of the
windmill may be accelerated while the wind blows with con .
stant velocity .
Ans . — Acceleration is the regular increase in the velocity
of a moving object under the influence of a constant force .
An example is the increase in the velocity of a falling body .
In the case of the windmill , the force of the wind being
constant, there is a continual increase in the rapidity of
rotation . The force of the wind against the blades of the
mill has a similar effect to the force of gravity on a fall
ing body . The friction , however , has a tendency to diminish
the acceleration, and the force of the wind is constant for
short intervals only .
2. What is meant by stable and unstable equilibrium ?
Ans. - Equilibrium is the result of the action on a body
of two or more forces which produce no motion . A body
is in stable equilibrium if it tends to return to
its
original
position after slight displacement slight dis
or
when
,
a
a
to
placement tends gravity body

of
raise the center

A
is
.
unstable equilibrium when tends to move further from

in
it
slight displacement
In
the original position after this

a
case the displacement lowers the center

of
gravity
.
Describe the siphon Make drawing illustrate

to
3.
. .
.
The siphon bent tube with the arms of

un
Ans
.—
is
a
equal length water and

in
the short arm submerged

If
, is
.
the air exhausted from the tube the long arm extending
downward the water will rise through the short arm and
,
flow through the tube long the end of the tube

as
as
is
below the surface of the water . ( Drawing for the appli

cant . )
4. What is meant by the radiation of heat ?
Ans. - Radiation is the transference of heat through ạ
non - conducting medium . The passage of heat from the
sun to the earth is an example .
5. What causes a difference of pitch in sounds ?
Ans . The difference in the pitch of sounds is due to a
difference in the rapidity of the vibrations in the sounding
body ; the more rapid the vibrations the higher the pitch .
6. What is the effect of a convex lens on parallel rays
of light ?
Ans . If parallel rays of light pass through a convex
lens , they are bent or converged so that they meet at a
point called the focus on the opposite side of the lens from
which the rays come .
7. How may an electro -magnet be produced ?
Ans . - An electro -magnet is produced by winding an in
sulated wire several times around an iron core and passing
an electric current through the wire .
BOOKKEEPING .
1. Give rules for debiting and crediting .
Ans Debit what the business receives credit what
.--
allis
;
,
,
by the business
of
disposed Debit each account for

.
Credit each account with all disposes
of
receives
it
it
.
.
of
How the present worth business found

2.
, is
?
Ans First by finding the difference between the re
.--
sources and liabilities The difference present

is
the
.
by
to
worth Second adding the net gain the investment

,
.
subtracting the net loss from the investment

or
3-10 Journalize the following transactions

:
August Richard Roe began business investing cash

1.
,
1,000 bills receivable 800
$
$
;
Bought merchandise
, of
Jones Bros.
2.
1200
; $
,
payment cash bal

in
Gave 500 note 300

$
$
;
ance on acct
.
Bought for cash stationery and stamps for of

3.
15
fice use
$
,
Soid merchandise for cash

$ 50
5. 4.
,
, $
.
H.
Sold merchandise Bell 160 Received

in
to
payment cash
of in 60
Bell's note for balance

$
;
,
.
of
50
Paid rent cash

8. 6.
store
$
,
Received cash for note invested on the 1st with

, ,
interest
in 16
Face note 800 interest

$
$
,
$ ;
.
Bought city lot of

J.
Cole
9.
800 Gave
a
$ ,
payment note 500 cash 300

$
,
,
.
1 STATE OF KANSAS 115
10. Discounted my note of 2d inst ., giving cash for

proceeds . Face of note , $300 ; discount , $4 ;
proceeds, $ 296 .
11. Paid clerk hire in cash , $25 .
1
Cash 1000100
Bills Rec . 80000
To Richard Roe 18001
2
Mdse . 120000
To Cash 500100
To Bills Pay 300100
To Jones Bros. 40000
3
Expense 15 00
To Cash 15 00
4
Cash 50100
To Mdse . 50100
5
Cash 60106
Bills Rec . 100100
To Mdse . 16000
6
Expense 50100
To Cash 5001
8
Cash 816 00
To Bills Rec. 80000
To Int . 1600
9
Real Estate 80000
To Bills Pay 500/00
To Cash 30000
10
Bills Pay 300100
To Cash 29600
To Disc . 400
11
Expense 25 00
To Cash 25 00

1. In what respect may education bé regarded as a
scientific process ?
Ans . — Education as a science is based upon the laws in
accordance with which the processes of the mind take place .
As far as education is the application of established laws
governing the mind and the body it may be regarded as a
scientific process .
2. What educational value have the experiences of in
fancy ?
Ans . The experiences of infancy furnish the founda
tion for educational progress . Every normal child has a
great variety of experiences which affect all his mental
faculties . When the child begins his school life it is as
sumed that he has already proceeded far in his education .
The first six years are probably more important education
ally than any other period of equal length . Besides ac
quiring a great number of ideas and images through the
avenue of the senses , the child in his early years establish
es a vast number of useful bodily habits , without which
education would be almost impossible .
3 . Mention three particulars in which the management
of a rural school is difficult . Suggest a method of over .
coming each difficulty mentioned .
Ans . - A1 ) The large number of recitations to be pro
vided for ; ( 2) Irregular grading ; ( 3 ) Lack of equip
ment . Remedies : ( 1) Combination of classes and alterna
tion of subjects in the course of study ; ( 2 ) , Adhering to '
the authorized course of study ; ( 3 ) Much may be pro
vided by the ingenious teacher with the assistance of pupils .
The people of the community should be persuaded to sup
ply what is necessary .
4. How may the school help a child in the cultivation
of good taste ? Why is it important that good taste should
be cultivated ?
Ans . — The good taste of pupils may be cultivated by the
suitable and orderly arrangement of furniture and sup
plies ; by providing artistic decorations ; by habitual neat
ness and care in matters of personal appearance on the
part of teacher and pupils ; and by the continual practice
of becoming conduct . The cultivation of good taste is an
important element in education , the possession of which
is one of the characteristics of a well -educated person .
5. What eant by visual imagination ? Describe
some school exercise which is profitable for enriching the
mind with visual images .
Ans. —Visual imagination is the reproduction of images
STATE CX KANSAS 117
of objects from which impressions first came to the mind

through the sense of sight . Observation and study of beau
tiful pictures , fine landscapes , objects symmetrical in form
and harmonious in color , and examples of good architecture
tend to furnish the mind 'with a supply of visual images .
The study of drawing is a special exercise especially
adapted to cultivate the visual imagination .
6. What name is given to that mental process by which
the relations between judgments are discovered . How does
the child compare with the adults in his ability to discover
such relations ?
The mental process by which the relations between
.--
Ans
is
judgments are discovered reasoning The adult sup
is
to
.
posed surpass the child reasoning power
in
.
Why important that the child should
be
interest
is
7.
? it
.
his work
in
ed Give three reasons

.-
he
do
Ans child will the work best which
in
A
is
1
(
)
most interested The attention sustained better
if
is
(2
)
.
The child may
be
interest accompanies the work led
3
(
)
.
knowledge and attainment
of
into new fields the teach
in if
wisely connects the new subjects with those
er
which
in
.
terest has already been awakened
.
bodily
of
What the relation the will action

to
8.
is
?
—
Ans The will manifests itself bodily action

in
.
.
Discuss the benefit and harm resulting from the
9.
teacher helping the pupil the recitation

in
.
by
Ans Wise and tactful suggestions the teacher may

.-
real help pupil directing his uncertain efforts

be
to
in
;
a
but harm done when the teacher

in
an excessive desire
is
help relieves the pupil the necessity for original effort

to
of
.
10.
Specify three ways which the teacher may culti

in
vate the good will the community

of
By making friends with the pupils and by

.-
Ans
to a (1
)
by
showing inviting the

in
sincere interest them

2
(
)
.
parents certain special occasions

on
visit the school

when interesting exercises are provided By consulting
3
(
)
.
of
with parents matters concerning the welfare

on
their
children
.
READING
.
In
reading
what respect psychological process
1.
ofis
Ans The processes perception and apper

—
sensation
,
,
.
ception are involved the recognition printed words

of
in
The words awaken memory and mental images Various

.
on
processes are also carried and the statements and con

rejected
of
or
clusions the matter read are either verified

by the reader's judgment and reason . Sometimes also the

emotions of the reader are aroused and the will is stimulated
to action . In oral reading the speech and hearing nerve
centers are also active .
2. Compare the word method of
teaching beginners to
read with some other method . Point out the advantages
of the method which you prefer .
Ans . In the word method the child first learns to
recognize words as wholes rather than the elements , letters
or sounds, of which words are composed . The exclusive
use of the word method is not so satisfactory as the phonic
method , because comparatively few words are simple
enough for beginners . Long and difficult words can best
be learned as made up of simpler elements which the child
has previously learned .
3. How may a child in the primary grade find out the
meaning of new words which appear in his lesson for the
Ans . -A
first time ?
child may determine the meaning of a new word
which confronts him for the first time in his reading les
son ( 1) by its connection with other words which he al
ready knows ; ( 2) by
to
., its
resemblance familiar words
. of ;
by analyzing by recognizing the elements
. it,
e
3
i.
(
)
is
composed Suitable illustrations also are help

it
which
a
learning
in
What benefit read may child receive

to
4
a
.
by
from hearing much reading aloud
or
the teacher others
?
child hears good reading
If
he
.-
Ans has model

a
a
1
(
)
for imitation oral expression The child's voca

in
2
.
(
)
bulary enlarged He gains information much faster

is
3
he.
(
)
his own reading

he
than could were restricted

if
to
4
(
)
The literary quality deep and .
of
the matter read makes

a
lasting impression on the child's mind

.
by
Of
What dramatic reading

5
what bene
is
meant
.
fit this
is
Ans Dramatic reading the reading

of
is
quoted
to in —
lan
.
guage the manner which the original speaker sup

in
is
posed have uttered the words The reader impersonates

the character of the speaker and
.
imagination makes the

in
thought and language his own Such reading generally

is
.
more expressive than ordinary reading and one

of
the
;
the arousing the reader's imagination

of
chief benefits
is
and interest which stimulates him make the effort neces

to
,
sary for expressive reading

.
6.
Define inflection and give practical sug

or
rule
a
gestion regarding its use

.
the rising and falling

of
Ans Inflection
to in
is
the voice
-
.
pitch for the purpose giving the proper expression

of
V4
STATE CF KANSAS 119
the sentiment of the matter read . Suggestion : Let the

voice rise and fall naturally as if the reader were talking
instead of reading .
7. What is one of the advantages and one of the dis ..
advantages of concert reading ?
Ans. One of the advantages of concert reading is that
it permits all the members of the class to take part in the
exercise . A disadvantage is that individual faults are not
easily detected or corrected .
,
8. Write five questions suitable for use in preparation
for a recitation on Paul Revere's Ride . ( Fourth Reader
page 81 )
.-
Ans ( 1 ) Why may the poem properly be called a patri .
otic poem ( 2) What two persons are the principal actors
described ? (3 ) Of the two friends , which performed the
more valuable service , Paul Revere or the one who hung the
lanterns in the church tower ( 4 ) What single scene rep
resented in the poem seems most vivid in your imagination
( 5 ) What message did the lanterns convey to Paul Revere ?
( Many other equally acceptable questions might be pro
posed . )
LITERATURE .
1. How would you teach the right use of the unabridged
dictionary ?
Ans . — By giving lessons on the abbreviations used in
definitions and on the different meanings of many words .
2. What are the beauties of Irving's style ?
Ans. —Simplicity , clearness .
3. Name two other tool's besides “ The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow ," ' written ty Irving .
Ans .— “ The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon Gent " ,
“ Life of Washington . ''
4. From what country did the Acadians or their ancest
ors come ? Why did they leave their native land ?
Ans . - France . Canada was owned by France until 1763 .
Many colonists came over during the French occupation to
make homes .
5. Besides Evangeline what other poems of Longfellow
have you read ?
Ans. - For the applicant .
6. Tell briefly what modern aids to comfort and con
venience in traveling were unknown when Evangeline
searched for her lover .
Ans. - Railroads , good roads, electric lights , modern
carriages , steamships , telegraph , telephones , petroleum ,
steam heating
7. How did Lincoln , lacking a college or high school

education , acquire the ability to write so clearly and so
forcefully ?
Ans. - By reading the Bible , Shakespeare , Esop's Fables ,
Robinson Crusoe , The Pilgrims Progress and other books in
which Saxon was the chief element .
8. What use would you make of maps , pictures and
statuettes in the teaching of literature ?
Ans . — They can be used in every lesson in connection
with noted persons, great books, battles , scenery , and cele
brated places.
9. What preparation did Lincoln make for the Gettys
burg oration ?
on
Ăns He wrote scraps
on
of
paper his way
.--
to
it
the battlefield
.
Why should children taught
be
beau
to
10. memorize
tiful passages poetry and prose
in
?
Ans Children can memorize much more easily than
-
.
storing selections
. of
adults hence the great importance
in
;
which great thoughts are imbedded the later years
In
life the poetry and prose thus learned will
be
of
con
a
tinuous delight
.
AGRICULTURE
.
Name four ways
be
which the soil may improved
. in
1.
,
and produce better crops
Ans Manuring rotation crops sowing grass hilly
on
of
to .—
land prevent erosion sub soil plowing

,
.
-
Give four reasons for teaching agriculture

2
Kansas in
.
schools
. .
po
Ans Because our entire lation nearly wholly de

is
on
pendent the farm for subsistence because the tendency

;
boyɛ and girls

of
be
leave the farm should to

to
checked
;
by
make the land more valuable production more skil

in
ful work because of the disciplinary value the study

of
;
soil and the crops suited

of
Name three kinds

to
3.
each
.
-
Sandy clayey humous

or
Ans loamy
,
,
,
.
Name the three most valuable commercial fertilizers

4.

.
plums and
on
What effect has fruit mold peaches

5.
strawberries
?
Ans Unless checked destroys the fruit

it
.
-
Name the states the corn beit

in
6.
.
—
Ans Illinois Ohio Missouri Iowa Nebraska Kansas

,
,
.
to .
What property does the growing legumes add

of
7.
the soil
?
STATE OF KANSAS 121
Ans . - Nitrogen is stored in the roots and other parts of

the legumes .
8. Discuss fully the value of crop rotation .
Ans . - If the same crop is planted or sowed year after
year , the soil in the course of time becomes exhausted.
For instance , corn removes from the soil nitrogen , phos
phoric acid , and potash . If we put clover on the land after
the corn , nitrogen will be restored . So crop rotation re
stores land , and if barnyard manure be added the land
will be still stronger . One can easily find by consulting
the authorities on agriculture , what crops should follow
each other . Here is one rotation : corn , wheat , clover .
There are a number of other rotations .
9. Discuss the value of dairying for conserving soil fer
tility . How much milk should a good dairy cow produce
in a year ?
Ans . (a ) The dairy farmer must grow a great deal of
grass for his cows and much of the grass is returned to the
soil in the form of manure , and this adds humus . Clover
adds nitrogen . ( b ) From eleven to twenty -seven pounds
a day , depending on the breed nutrients .
10. What can you say of Poland China swine ? Discuss
the feeding of hogs for market .
Ans. ( a) They are what is known as Lard Type Hogs .
They mature early and have quick fattening qualities. They
make good hams. ( It b) is necessary that the hogs be in
well ventilated and lighted enclosures . As to feed it will
depend on the locality . In the west , corn and skimmed milk
produce pork rapidly . In other places clover , wheat, oats ,
rye , peas , beans and barley can be used .
.
1. Give the chemical composition of the bones of chil
dren and adults .
Ans ( a ) It varies greatly with the age of children ,
and the different bones of the same child . For the aver
age 8 -year -old child it is about as follows : Earthy mat
ter 33 per cent , consisting of lime, phosphate , carbonate
and fluorid , magnesium phosphate , with small quantities of
other mineral salts ; animal matter 67 per cent , consisting
of red marrow , yellow marrow , and connective tissue . ( 6 )
In adults the earthy or mineral matter composes 67 per
cent or more , and the animal matter 33 per cent or less ,
depending upon age and other factors .
2. Give cause , treatment , and prevention of tetanus .
Ans.- ( a ) The presence of tetanus bacteria in the body .
( b)
or all
Clean and render sterile cuts and punctures made
by
by
rusty nails bullets from rusty pistols
or
the wads
.
given as soon possible after
be
as
This treatment should
the injury Prompt and thorough treatment
of
(
the
c
)
.
injury and the use
of
the tetanus anti toxin anti tentanic
of ,
-
.
Give location description
3.
and work the sebaceous
,
glands
.
of .-
the body except
of of
on
Ans On the surface the
a
(
)
palms the hands and soles the feet Simple and
0
.
(
)
sac shaped generally emptying into hair follicle but
,
,
a
-
on
some open Protective fur
of
the surface the skin
,
. c
)
.
(
nishing dressing for the hair and skin
a
of
joints and give two examples
of
Name two classes
4.
each
.
Ans hip joint and shoulder joint
as
Ball and socket
—
,
.
at .
the joint between
as
Pivot atlas and axis bones and

,
,
of
the radius bone
? in
the head the elbow
.
What the periosteum Give two reasons for its
5.
is
importance
a .
all
tough membrane covering the surface
of
.-
Ans
A
(
)
their joints
of
It
bones except white con
at
consists
.
.
nective tissue holding
its on
of
meshwork blood vessels its
a
in
outer portion and layer bone making cells
a on
toof
,
-
ner portion which attaches the bone At certain
b
(
)
.
an
of
stage the development infant its skeleton consists

in
and cartilages
of
of
membranes The formation true bone
as .
the parietal bones and
is of
in
between these membranes

,
,
transforming the cartilages into bones like the femur
,
mainly It also mends
of
the work the periosteum

.
fractured bones by sending bone making cells between the

-
broken surfaces
.
How many bones

of
the human body Give name
in
6.
the largest and three smallest

.
This depends upon the ago the body

, of
Ans
A
a
.
.
(
)
or
developing infant has 215

an
more bones and adult

generally has 206 bones Femur malleus incus and
,
b
;
(
)
.
stapes
Why
are
.
for
adjustable seats pupils desirable

7.
. ?
pupils
is of
To
Ans insure the comfort and health

—
.
by
What portion the blood supply

of
the
8.
used
brain
?
This depends upon whether person

or
Ans
is
awake
a
.
the sleeping per

of
asleep less blood going the brain

is to
,
son even when person awake the supply changes from

a
;
of
moment never exceeding about one fifth

to
moment the
,
total supply
.
the blood from the capillaries

of
Trace the circulation

9
.
STATE OF KANSAS 123
back again to the same .

Ans . - Systemic capillaries , systemic veins . collecting
blood in superior vena cava and inferior vena cava , right
auricle , tricuspid valve , right ventricle, right semilunar
valve , pulmonary artery , pulmonary capillaries , pulmonary
veins , left auricle , mitral valve, left ventricle , left semilunar
valve , aorta and the small arteries and arterioles , systemic
capillaries .
10. Give three reasons why social hygiene should be
taught to some extent in every school room .
Ăns . — To show that the health of the community is
affected by the actions of each member . To secure a cheer
ful and intelligent obedience to the rules of the boards of
health . To show the need of united action in fighting such
.fly
enemies as the typhoid
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY
.
Answer any five omit three
;
(
)
.
Discuss germination of seeds
of
the Lima bean castor
1.
,
bean and corn explaining which are dicotyledons and which
,
are monocotyledons Discuss the functions
of
seeds
.
.
Ans See Answer Botany page 214 August WEST
in
. 1
,
-
,
.
ERN SCHOOL JOURNAL

of
Discuss the function roots What are root hairs and

2.
-
.
what their function Explain detail the causes for

in
is
the wilting plants after they are transplanted

of
.
Ans See Answer page 214 August WESTERN SCHOOL
2,
,
-
.
JOURNAL
.
Explain how trees may grow any

be
into shape
3.
to
made
desired Discuss underground stems and modified stems
.
.
.
How may modified and underground stems distinguished
be
from roots and leaves

?
Ans By pruning Underground stems are

a
b
(
)
(
)
.
termed subterranean stems

or
rhizomes root stocks

,
c
.
(
)
leaves and thus are dis

of
the axils
in
Stems bear buds

tinguished from both roots and leaves They form food
.
storage organs for the plant and

of
valuable method
a
propagation
.
Draw diagrams monocotyledonous and dicotyledon

of
4.
ous stems and label all parts fully use types plants you
as
(
be
What part
of
have studied the stems must united

in
).
budding and grafting and why

,
Ans Diagrams for applicant The cambium

6
a
.
it (
is )
.
(
)
Because the growing tissue

.
be
Name five plants which may reproduced vegeta

5.
tively and explain how the vegetative reproduction takes

place
in
each
.
Ans .— ( 1 ) Strawberry , by means of runners . ( 2 ) Rasp

berry, by tiplayering , the tip of cane bending over and
taking root where it touches the ground . _ ( 3) Canna , by
underground stems or root stocks . ( 4 ) Tulip, by young
bulbs as offsets of parent bulb . ( 5 ) Grape , by cuttings or
layering .
6. Name the part of the flower you have studied and
give the function of each .
7. Name the four great groups of plants in the order of
their complexity . Describe each group .
Ans .- ( 1 ) Thallophytes . This group includes both the
algæ and the fungi, simple plants showing little differen
tiation of vegetative tissue . They are, on the whole , water
loving plants . ( 2 ) Bryophytes . The mosses and liverworts
comprise this group . Alternation of generation and the
production of many -celled sex organs are the two charac
teristics which make this group higher than the preceding .
( 3 ) Pteridophytes . This group includes ( a ) True ferns ;
( b ) Scouring rushes ; ( c ) Club mosses . A vascular system
appears here for the first time and its presence leads to
production of a plant body larger than the mosses . ( 4 )
Spermatophytes. These are the seed plants . The group
includes Gymnosperms with exposed seeds and Angio
sperms with enclosed seeds . These are the dominant plants
today . So prominent are they that this group alone is
sometimes studied as “ Botany . "
8. Name five families of seed plants and give two char
acters of each .
.-
Ans ( 1) Compositæ . ( a ) Inflorescence is an involucrate
head . ( b) Anthers coalesce enclosing the style . (2 ) Legu
)
minosa . ( a) Papillionaceous corolla . ( b ) Ten stamens
usually united . ( 3 ) Cruciferæ . ( a ) Four petals . ( b Six
stamens — four long , two short . ( 4 ) Liliaceæ . ( a ) Showy
perianth with six divisions . (b) Superior , three - celled
ovary . ( 5 ) Ranunculacea . ( a) Indefinite numbers of
floral parts . ( b ) More than one simple pistil .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE -
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .
1 What is meant by a Fall Line city ? Give illustra
tions . Explain the origin of this “ fall line ” and tell some
its
thing of commercial significance

.
By
-
Ans Fall Line city meant city located along

is
a
a
.
fall line There are cities located along the

of
number
a
a
.
line separating the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal

Ga
Montgomery Ala Raleigh

as
Plains such Macon

,
.;
.;
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 125
N. C., and Richmond , Va . There are many rapids and

falls along this line because the streams have been able
to dig more rapidly into the soft layers of the Coastal
Plains than into the harder rocks of the Piedmont Plateau .
Villages were early located along this line partly because
of water power furnished by the falls and partly because
boats would have to be unloaded , thus causing a break in
transportation . These villages have developed into cities
of commercial importance .
2. What kind of rocks are found underlying Kansas
soil ? How do you know they are this kind ? How were
they formed ?
Ans .— The rocks undelying Kansas soil are stratified .
We know this by observation of exposed strata and from
the examination of material taken from deep borings . The
rocks were formed by deposits from water of an ocean
which once covered this portion of the earth .
3. What are the characteristics of a young river valley ?
Of an old river valley ? Explain the influence of each on
man in a commercial and industrial way .
Ans . — The slopes of a young river valley are steep and
the stream bed is confined in a narrow gorge . The slopes
of an old river valley are quite moderate and the river
commonly flows on a floor of waste . In the case of an old
river valley transportation is easy along its banks and a
large amount of fertile soil is found .
4. What are causes of deserts ? Give illustrations and
explain briefly . Characterize the peculiar plant life of a
desert . 1
Ans. The principal causes of deserts are the drying
trade winds , and mountain ranges which prevent moisture
laden winds from reaching the country . The Sahara and
Central Australia deserts are examples of the former , and
the slopes and lowlands to the leeward of lofty mountains
in Peru are examples of the latter . The Great Plains east
of the Rocky Mountains , though not a true desert , and the
Great Basin in Utah and Nevada , much of which is a true
desert , illustrate how mountain barriers keep out the mois
ture . The vegetation of a desert is scattered and scarce .
The plants are of a type peculiar to the desert - some, as
the cactuses , have no leaves to exhale the moisture . Some
have varnished leaves . Many of the plants send their roots
to a great depth .
5. What is meant by " prevailing westerlies ? Give rea .
sons for their peculiar behavior. What are “ highs , ” and
" lows ? ' '
Ans. In the middle latitudes of both northern and
southern hemispheres , the winds that commonly blow from

the west are called Prevailing Westerlies. The pecularity
of these winds is that they do not move straight to the east
but break in vast whirls . The winds blow toward the
center of a low - pressure area and away from a high -pressure
area . By low -pressure area we mean an area where the
barometer reading is low ; by a high -pressure area we mean
an area where the barometer reading is high .
6. Describe the conditions in a river valley and in the
ocean at the river's mouth necessary to the formation of
a delta . Give examples .
Ans. — The fall of the river is slight and the ocean shal
are
low and quiet ; these conditions favorable the for
to
of
Examples
of
mation delta deltas are the Mississippi
a
,
.
the Yukon and the Nile
,
.
general description plant
of
the changes
7.
Give
in
a
life one would observe going from the base

in the top
to
mountain Explain why these changes occur
of
a
.
Ans passing from the base the top one would
In
to
.
-
at of
observe deciduous trees next belt coniferous trees then
a
,
,
pastures and finally plant life all The changes
no
oc
—
.
the change climate owing
of
of
cur because the variation
to
of
the changes one would ob

to
altitude and are similar

passing from the lower latitudes higher
in
to
serve
.
Describe and give reasons for daily temperature
8.
changes the spring in temperate regions

in
is .
The daily range temperature greater in the
of
Ans
.—
spring than The earth has not become

so in
the summer
.
the temperature drops low night When

at
warmed and
.
the sun shines raises the temperature but not rapidly
so so
it
its
rays directly
do
not fall
as
the summer because

in
upon the earth the spring

in

.
be
language training
in
Discuss the ends

1.
to
attained
the elementary
in
schools
.
Language training the elementary schools should

in
—
Ans
to .
aim create liking for good literature This end can

bya
worthy selections
be
to be
to
attained presenting read

,
studied copied and learned should aim also

It
make
,
,
children more observing thus adding their knowledge

to
,
and leading them find out for themselves Another

to
end should be
to
make correct expression habitual and also

,
correct written forms And finally

be of
to
secure the use

in ,
,
.
the pupils should presented with

an
orderly and
telligible statement the principles that determine
of
the
at
of
structure words and sentences and the same time

,
STATE OF KANSAS 127
be furnished exercises for practice in the application of

those principles .
2. Briefly develop a language lesson having for
its
sub
ject Rabbit
."
,
.— “
Ans Size color eyes ears teeth feet compare fore
;
of ;
;
legs with hind legs use legs running tail fur food
in
;
;
;
habits
-
.
Develop inductively the idea
of
3.
pronoun
a .
Ans Read these sentences Mr. Jones rich man
is
"
.
.
He keeps many horses These are his favorites They live
.
kept very clean Tell what
is
It
fine stable
in
is
a
.”
.
by
, he
meant the words these they Besides nouns there
it
,
,
.
few other words almost meaningless
as
are themselves
in
a
,
she him he these our which often stand for some noun
,
,
,
,
.
Such words are called pronouns because they take the place
and we always prefer
be of
use them when we can
to
nouns
;
readily understood pronoun word that
is
is
used
a
A
.
instead of noun
a
Give the principal parts five irregular verbs oftenof

4.
used incorrectly and illustrate the correct use
of
in
each
,
sentences
.
Ans.
Present past past participle
lay laid laid
sit sat sat
lie lay
lain
blow blown
blew
drink drank
drunk or drunken
Lay the book He laid the book on the
on
the table
.by.
table The work was laid You sit still The boy sat
.
there an hour He has sat that chair many

in
time
a
.
will lie down now The girl lay there yesterday He has .
I
. .
lain down an hour The wind blows cold He blew the

.
light out The tree was blown down by the storm He

.
will drink little The patient drank nothing yesterday

.
They have drunk much

.
participle infinitive
5.
Define transitive
(
is ; ,
,
e b
(a
c
)
:
(
)
verb subjunctive mode conjunctive pronoun

;
a
(
)
(
)
, a .
.-
Ans participle word derived from

A
verb
(a
of a
a ,
of )
partaking the properties adjective

ofan
or
verb
a
noun The infinitive that form the verb which

is
to 6
.
(
)
assert without affirming The subjunctive

(
is
used
c
a .
mode supposition
a or
express doubt
to
used wish
a
,
a
is ,
future contingency The conjunctive pronoun

a
d
of.
(
)
word used instead noun and also joins modifying

a
. a
its antecedent
to
clause
6. Explain how you would develop and teach the para

graph .
Ans. — Direct the pupil's attention to the fact that the
language we use in speaking or writing , consists of larger
and smaller groups . Show that groups of words join to
form sentences ; groups of sentences join to form para
graphs ; groups of paragraphs join to form speeches or
written compositions. A further examination will show that
in each case the elements of the group — the words, the
sentences , and the paragraphs — have come together because
they belong together . All the words in a sentence have
come together in order to express the one idea of that sen
tence ;
all
paragraph hạve come together
in
the sentences
a
express the one idea that paragraph А
of
order
in
to
.
group sentences that belong together because they are
of
all
about an idea called paragraph Study the selec

; is
.
tions the reader point out the paragraphs and show
in
to
that all the sentences relate
of
the one idea that para
graph
.
of
Define and illustrate three classes
7.
clauses
.
Ans An adjective clause modify
to
is
clause used
a
a
or .-
noun pronoun The man who was sick now well
is
}
"
"
.
” .
Who was sick an adjective clause modifying the

is
“
>
noun man An adverbial clause
to
)
clause used
is
a
"
modify verb adjective

“ or
adverb The birds come back

a
"
,
when spring returns When spring returns an
is
”
.
adverbial clause modifying the verb come An adjec

"
the object
as
of
tive clause clause used transitive a
is
a
The boy said that

he
verb the active voice could not
" in
" ,
That
go
go
.
he
an
could not objective clause being

“ is
"
.
,
of
the object the transitive verb said

.
Illustrate four uses the object case

of
8.
Ans.-- John hit the ball Ball'i ob

is
the
1
"
"
"
.
jective case being the object hit

of
the transitive verb

,
.
is "
'
The bird in the tree sings sweetly
is " in
Tree the
"
'
.
objective case being the object the preposition

of
in
."
,
The fish weighed two pounds Pounds the

3.
'
'
"
."
He
objective case without governing word was talk

4.
a
in “
" .
ing John the captain Captain the objective

to
is
,
case being opposition with John

in
of “
."
9. ,
Give the construction the italicised words the

in
following easy enough for firm man who knows

is
a
It
“
:
brook the rage

in of
the world the cultivated classes

to
It
.”
the nominative case reasy

.
Ans pronoun
is
a
'.'
;
“
an
predicate adjective enough adverb modi

is
the
is
”
is ;
fying easy the objective case being the

in
man
,,
;
“
”
''
STATE OF KANSAS 129
object of the preposition “ for ” " who " is a relative pro

noun , nominative case ; “ brook ” is the present infinitive
modifying “ man . ”
10. Analyze or diagram : Panting and fatigued , he threw
himself , late in the afternoon , on a green knoll , covered with
mountain herbage, that crowned the brow of the precipice .
Ans . — This is a complex , declarative sentence . " He,
panting and fatigued ,” is the subject ; “ threw himself , late
in the afternoon , on a green knoll , covered with mountain
herbage , that crowned the brow of the precipice ,” is the
predicate ... “ He, the basis of the subject , is modified by
panting ” and “ fatigued , ” two simple adjective elements
of the first class , " and ” is the connective . " Threw ,
the basis of the predicate, is modified by “ late in the
afternoon , a complex adverbial element of the first class ,
of which “ late , ” its basis , is modified by " in the after
noon , a complex adverbial element of the second class , of
which “ in ” is the leader , and “ afternoon , ”
ofits
basis
is
,
by
modified the simple adjective element the first

a
,
by is ”
"
by
class threw further modified himself
;
is a
” ”
,
"
"
; "
!
simple objective element the first class
of
threw
"
on
further modified green knoll covered with moun

a
“
,
herbage that crowned the brow precipice
of
tain the
by a
,
."
of
complex
of
adverbial element the second class which
,
its
" on
the leader and knoll basis modified
is
is
,
“
,
" "
"
and green simple adjective
of of
two elements the
"
a
,,
" '
first class knoll further modified by covered with

“ a is
;
“
mountain herbage complex adjective element the
,
its
first class modified by

of
which covered basis

is
,
,
with mountain herbage complex adverbial element

a
"
of
,
of
the second class which with the leader and

is
,
”
"
by
herbage
is
its
basis modified mountain
a
,
,
,
"“
” ”
"
simple adjective element the first class

of
knoll
is
;
“
by
further modified that crowned the brow of the preci

“
simple adjective
",
of
; of
pice element the third class
6a
which that and subject unmodified

is
the connective
""
by
the basis
a its
crowned predicate
” of
modified the
is
"
",
complex objective
byof
the precipice
of
brow element
,
its
the first class

of
which basis modified

,
brow
is
,
“
simple adjective element

of
the the first class

;
,
a
“ “
"
by
the precipice
of
brow further modified com

is
,
“ a
"
"
"
is of
of
plex adjective element the second class

of
which
, ,
by”)
its
precipice basis modified

is
the leader and

,
“
of
the simple adjective element the first class

,
a
”
.
"
WRITING .
1. Discuss your method of teaching writing in the sixth ,
seventh , and eighth years.
Ans . - I teach the oval , indirect oval and letters having
curves . I
train the pupils to make these across the paper
without lifting the pen .
I would also drill often on move
ments taught in the preceding grades.
2. Discuss proper speed in writing and how to secure it .
Ans . - By drill exercises and counting . The counting by
the teacher must be even , and children must be drilled to
stop or go on instantly when the signal is given .
3. Write three exercises designed to develop free muscu
lar movement .
4. Give a device for procuring correct position of the
paper .
5. Write connectedly the small letters .
MUSIC .
1. How would you teach the scale to a class ?
Ans . — Teach major scale as a whole by note , then sing at
different pitches ( in different keys . ) For younger chil .
dren the descending scale first is better , with light voice ,
pitch limit not to exceed F ( fifth line ) , D ( space below ).
Third grade and older children may safely sing from mid
dle C to G a twelfth higher .
2. Discuss the three logical steps in developing the sense
of rythm .
Ans . ( a) Fee regular measure accents . ( 6 ) Discover
accented and unaccented beats . ( c ) Observe groups of two
or more tones to a beat , and characteristic groups of tones
extending through more than one beat , not forgetting to
notice periods of measured silence ( rests ) , if any:
3. Define chromatic scale.Name the syllables of the chro .
matic tones descending .
Ans .- ( a ) The tones of a key in half - step succession
from a tonic to its octave inclusive , thirteen tones, twelve
half - steps . ( b ) Do , Ti , Te , La , Le, So ( s ) , Se , Fa , Mi, Me ,
Re , Ra , Do.
4. Define cantata , folk song , incidental music , opera .
Ans .- ( a ) A short oratorio or opera not designed for the
theater . ( 6) A song of marked racial or national charac
teristic , generally of unknown origin . ( c) Music to accom
pany a drama . ( d ) A play set to music .
STATE OF KANSAS 131
5. What is a two -part song ?. How would you teach it ?

Ans.- ( a) A song for two voice parts . ( b ) Parts to
gether if possible , otherwise learn parts separately, then
combine .
6. Explain and illustrate what is meant by rythmic fig .
ure .
.-
Ars ( a ) According to some teaching , a rythmic figure
is a distinct rythmic tone group requiring the time of two
or more beats for expression . ( b ) For the applicant .
7. Explain the significance of Adagio , pp , crescendo, f .
Ans .- ( a) Slow movement . ( b ) Abbreviation of pianis
simo , meaning very soft . ( c ) Increasing in power . ( d )
Abbreviation of forte , meaning loud .
8. Write two measures on both the treble and the bass
staff , in the key of E flat , measure .
Äns. For the applicant .
!
132 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS .

August 15 and 16 , 1913 .
ALGEBRA .
-
1.Define : Term , factor , coefficient , exponent .
Ans . - A term of an algebraic expression is a combina
tion of number symbols not separated by the signs + or
When two or more numbers multiplied together produce
a certain product, each of these numbers is called a factor
of the product.
Each of the factors of a number or the product of any
number of factors is called a coefficient of the rest of the
term .
Any number written over and to the right of a number
expression is called an index or exponent , and , if a positive
integer , shows how many times that expression is to taken
as a factor .
2. State the rule for algebraic subtraction .
Ans .— To subtract one algebraic number from another
its
algebraic number , add the subtrahend with sign changed
the minuend
to
Use factoring and cancellation quo
to
3.
determine the
tient and state the principle involved :
1+
+—
3a 6a
1—
•
( +
Solution 1802 81a4 992
1
1 (
(
:
( (
) )
)
—
—
3a
3a
in 3a
3a
1—3a
—
=
1
1
)
(
)
(
)
.
Cancelling equal factors dividend and divisor we have
for the quotient
+
1
3
)2
(
Dividing both dividend and divisor by the

.
Principle
:
same number does not change the value the quotient

of
.
-
to
4.
Reduce lowest terms

:
Y3
+
22 7x 30 x3
-
-
a
6
(
)
)
(
— 3xy
y2
12
7x
2.2
+
+
2
7;
Solution.
— 2-3
22
10
+
30
— +
73
a
)
(
)
(
a
736
(
)
-
12
22
+
4
x (2
3
.
)
)
(
+
10
-4
(6)
xy
y2
2C
—
23
Y3
x2
+
+
y
-
)
(
—y
- 2x
2x2 3xy y2
+
y
2
(
)
)
(
-
STATE OF KANSAS 133
x2 + xy + y2
2. — Y
5. Find the algebraic sum :
3 5 2
.
2.x
-4 6.3 12
+
3x
6
-
Solution
3
2
23-4 3x -2
+
636–12 2—2
+
6
x
6
2
(
(
(
)
9x
18–50—10—4x
+
8
+
6
2
(x
x
)
(
)
-
16
8+
2
66
x
x
)
)
(
-
(
)
x2—4
3
(
Find the product

6.
+3
16
a2
+
100
a
X
a2
a2
+
6a
4
9
Solution.
(
+
148
16
a2_10a +3
a
+
2
a
(
)
(
)
-
Х
42-4
a2
6a
1–2
+
+
+
+
9
2
a
a
(
)
(
)
)
(
)
8
(a
)
-
+
+
2
3
a
a
(
)
(
be
of
Write the type forms the binomials that should

7.
factoring
in
learned
.
Ans.
−
a2 72
+
b
b
a
a
(
)
(
).
tion
.
--
b3
a3
62 62
+
a2 a2
ab ab
++
+
a a
). ).
( (
) )
( (
a3 33 --6
+
-
Solve and check

8.
:
1 1 1 1 13
+ + + 0
92 1240 8x 24x 72
Solution.
1 1 1 1 13
+ + + 0 ( 1)
9x 120 86 243 72
Multiplying both members by 72 %

8 + 6 + 9 + 3— 13x = 0 (2)

- - 13x = -26 (3 )
Dividing both members by —26
X=2 (4
CHECK : Put 2 for x in equation ( 1 )
1 1 1 1 13
+ + + =
18 24 16 48 72
8 + 6 + 9 + 3— 26
144
0
144
0 = 0
9. There is a rectangle whose length is 60 feet more and

whose width is 20 feet less than the side of an equivalent
square . Find the dimensions of the square and the rectangle .
Prove the answer .
Solution .- Let x = No. feet in side of square .

Then a + 60 No. feet in length of rectangle .
And - 20 =No. feet in width of rectangle .
Then 22 = area of square
---
of
And ( 30of 60 ) ( 2
20
area rectangle
=
.
)
we
of
of
Since area square equals area rectangle have

,
-
=
60
20
x2
+
a
1
)
(
(
)
(
)
STATE CF KANSAS 135
32 = 82 + 403 - 1200 ( 2)
-40 . -1200 (3 )
Dividing ( 3 ) by -40
* = 30 (4)
T + 60
-20
= 30
= 30 -
+ 60 = 90 and
20 = 10 .
Therefore the square is 30 feet long and 30 feet wide
and the rectangle is 90 feet long and 10 feet wide .
PROOF ; The square and the rectangle must have the
same area .
Area of the square - 900 sq . ft. and

Area of the rectangle 900 sq . ft .
10. Solve and check : ;
4x — 5y = 3,
.
830
2y = 66
+
Solution
5y
= =
4x
—
(1
3
)
2y
66
+
8x
2
(
)
Multiply by
)
=2
1
(
8.0
(
10y
6
Subtract from .)3

2
(
=3)
(
)
12y 60
by
12
Divide
4
y(
)
=
5
(5
)
Substitute for
in
3 y
5
1
)
(
4x 25 =
6
(
)

4.3 28
7
(
)
Divide by
7
4
)
(
=
x
x 7
=
Therefore and
y
7
5
.
!
of
CHECK Substitute values and

in
y
x
1
(
)
:
28 - 25
3
=3
=3
Substitute values of x and y in ( 2)
56 + 10 66
66 = 66
Since these values satisfy both equations they are the

values sought.
ARITHMETIC .
What is meant by analysis ? Why is the analysis of
1.
problems important ?
Ans. - Analysis is a statement of the several steps in a
course of reasoning pursued in passing from certain given
conditions and known relations to a required result . Analy
sis
problems important because recog

of
aids one
to
it
is
what given what required and what steps logic

is
is
,
,
ally follow proceeding from the one the other Thus
to
in
.
one becomes independent his thinking and accurate
in
in
securing results
.
as
Explain the terms and symbols used subtraction
in
2.
you would teaching class beginning this subject

if
.
Ans differ
.—
The terms minuend subtrahend remainder

,
,
ence and minus need be defined not preliminary as
to
a
,
step but through use the work proceeds Example

as
:
From 4325
Take 2436
1889
Oral work accompany solution Six units cannot
to
the
:
be taken from five unitş Take one ten from the two
”
"
.
equals ten units

in
tens the minuend This one ten

“
”
.
"
''
. .
Add the ten units and five units which gives fifteen units
,
Now subtract the six units from the fifteen units This
.
the units place

in of
leaves nine units Write the the

in
9
.
remainder Proceed similarly with the subtraction the

.
remaining orders when the number the subtrahend

. in
is
larger than the number

in
the minuend
may pointed out that this process
be
called sub
It
is
traction that the number which being subtracted

is
is
;
called the subtrahend that the number from which the

is ;
subtrahend taken called the minuend and that the

is
difference The sign

or
result called the remainder

be is is
. it )
.
minus indicate that the number which follows

to
used
to
subtracted from the number which precedes

it
is
STATE OF KANSAS 137
The sign of equality is placed between the indicated differ

ence and the difference . Thus , 8— 5 = 3.
3. Explain fully the process in the following : Froin
{ subtract f .
Solution . The fractions must first be reduced to a com
mon denominator. Since 8 and 3 are prime to each other ,
their least common multiple is 8 X 3 or 24. This is the
least common denominator of the fractions . Multiply both
terms of ſ by 3 :
7X 3 21
8 X 3 24
Multiplying both terms of the fraction by the same num
ber does not change the value of the fraction .
Similarly , multiply both terms of } by 8 :
2 X 8 16
3 X 8 24
Subtract the numerator of the second fraction from the
numerator of the first fraction and place the difference
over the common denominator :
21 16 5
24 24 24
4. Define base , rate , percentage . How is the base found
when rate and percentage are given ? Give full explanation ,
with illustration .
Ans. — The number of which some per cent is found is
called the base . The number of hundredths taken is called
the rate . The result found by taking a certain per cent
of the base is called the percentage .
To find the base when the rate and percentage are given ,
divide the percentage by the rate .
An orchardist found , after grading his fruit for market,
that 150 bushels , or 20 per cent , were unfit for market .
How many bushels did his orchard yield ?
The percentage isthe product of the base and rate .
Hence , if the product ( the percentage ) is divided by one
of the factors ( base or rate ) the quotient is the other
factor ( rate or base ) .
150 = .20 = 750
Therefore the entire yield of
the orchard wası 750
bushels .
5. A dealer buys 525 yds , of lawn for $94.50 , and sells
.
it at a profit of 333 % . At
what price per ' yard does he
sell it ?
Solution
33 } per cent of $94.50 f

of $94.50 = $31.50 . $ 94.50 +
$ 31.50 = $ 126 = selling price .
$126 •
525 = $ 0.24 = selling price per yard .
6. A man bought 12 head of cattle on February 1 , at
, giving
his
He
promissory note paid
at
.
%
$ 45 a head
of
.
the following April
on
it the 16th What was the
.
amount of principal and interest
?
Solution
12
45
=
=
540 cost
X
$
1 $
of April
6 16
$ $ 74
Time note from Feb. days
} % in
to
} .
on
Int
= = 74
days for
$ at
.012
$
1
.
on Int
540 540 .012 6.66
X
$ $
. the amount
+
540 6.66 546.66
$
.
For cellar floor 153
cu
of
ft
7.
concrete are needed

a
.
To
,
make this there are used parts fresh powdered
of
, 2
part parts gravel
of
of
lime Portland cement How
6
1
,
.
of
many cubic feet each are used
?
Solution
parts part parts parts Then
+
the mix
is +
in
2
of 1
,
.
:
.;
of
34
ft
or
cu
cu
the amount lime 153 the
%
ft
,
% of .
. or.
is Yg
cu
cu
of
or 17
. ft
amount Portland cement
is
153
.
gravel
of
cu
of
. ft
ft
and the amount
.;
153 102
cu ft
.
ft
long wide
ft
farmer finds that
8.
bin
in
O
a
A
3
,
.
.
.
How many bushels will
bu
be
deep holds 112
ft
and
5
longer twice
of
50
as
%
contained bin wide and

? in
the
,
a
same depth
The capacities of
the two bins
in
Solution bushels have
.
Stating this proportion

as
the same ratio their volumes

.
we have
5:12
34
30
112
X
::
8
Solving this proportion for the fourth term

X:
12
12
X
112 112
X
X
X
7
= 336
31
X
X
5
8
Therefore the second bin will hold 336 bushels

.
.sq
of is
of
rd
Two fields have each an area One

9.
4750
.
the length
40
50
? rd
rd
wide and the other What

is
.
each the perimeter

?
Solution.
=
4750 40 1181
+ rd .
Therefore the first field long and peri

its
is
118
. }
.
.
rd
40
40
rd
rd
rd
+
rd
–
3171
is
meter 1184 118

.
.
.
4750 50 = 95
and its peri
45 + 95
. 95rd
Therefore the second field long

. is
,
.
95
rd
290 rd
rd
a rd
rd
+
+
meter 50 50
is
.
6 .
.
.
ship are apart one be

of
in
ft
10. Two masts

,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 139
in 60 ft . high and the other 70 ft . Supposing them per

pendicular to the deck , how far is it from the top of one
mast directly to the top of the other ? ( Two decimals . )
Solution . - Suppose a line drawn through the top of the
shorter mast parallel to the deck so as to meet the other
mast . Such a line is 451 feet long and cuts off 10 feet
of the upper end of the taller mast. Thus we know the
the
length of legs right triangle whose hypotenuse
. of
is
a
the required distance Applying the rule and denoting the
hypotenuse by
H
we have
91 8281
+
-
H2
=
+
+
102 451 100 100
=
2
2
(
)
-
4
400 8281 8681
+
4
4
8681 93,171
V
46.58
H
=
V4
46.58 feet from the top
of
Therefore
to
is
one mast
it
of
the top the other

.

Discuss
Is
or
of
the sentence the word the unit
1
.
thought
— ?
thought All the words

of
Ans The sentence the unit

is
.
the one idea of that sentence

in
the sentence are related

to
The study language should therefore begin with the sen .

of
.
knowledge
of
tence the sentence and its elements and

A
.
their relations should logically precede any detailed study

of words and their forms
.
Decline the simple personal pronoun Give several

2.
methods for acquiring the correct use of pronouns

.
Ans personal pronoun one that indicates its per

is
itsA
by.
-
Learn thoroughly the declensions

of
son form the

.
on
different personal pronouns Place the blackboard sen

.
which blanks are

to
be filled Have pupils

in
tences
to
.
of
write sentences their own illustrating the correct use

of
personal pronouns Let the pupils keep mis

of
list
a
.
takes they hear during the day recitation and

in
at
other
.
the grammar lesson take

at
times and
of
the close few

to ,
a
,
minutes discuss and correct them For the declension

(
.
.
of
the simple personal pronouns see any text book

on
gram
mar . )
its
3. Discuss the present trend in language teaching ,
advantages and disadvantages
.
Ans — The present trend in language teaching aims
to
.
give the pupil more drill oral expression and written
in
composition work than formerly
he
be
Consequently will
to
required give less time and attention learning and
to
reciting technical definitions and rules grammar
of
and
;
be
less parsing analyzing and diagraming
be of
there will
,
sentences With this work properly done the pupil will
.
express himself both oral and written composi
in in
to
able
,
tion work more fluently and better English Abundant
,
.
the pupil
be
composition work will great advantage
as of
if
permitted write only
he is
to
he feels the need and not
is
themes and subjects

on
to
compelled write which
in
has
has little knowledge
he
no
of
interest and which However
,
.
knowledge the principles and rules
of
of
certain amount
of a
is
grammar complete understanding
of
necessary for
a
the English language and any course language training
. in
,
that minimizes this fact will be harmful

three paragraphs about some city
4.
or
or
Write two bit
scenery you
of
have seen
.
For the applicant

5. (
.)
Define exemplify
and Copulative verb
b
;
a
(
:
(
)
)
antecedent objective complement complex sen

d
;
;
(c
)
(
)
tence inflection
;
( e
.
(
)
.
is
Ans copulative verb one used to assert the

A
a
)
predicate of the subject The sky appears blue The
b
(
)
.
pronoun of .
of
the noun instead

is
antecedent which the

. a
pronoun used The boy has lost his hat When verbs
, is
c
(
)
.
making choosing creating electing etc. take two ob

of
,
,
is
jects the one showing the result

of
the action called the

,
factitive object the objective complement They made

A or
him king one containing

an
is
complex sentence
(d
.
independent clause and one more dependent clauses The

or
child that fell down was unhurt Inflection the

is
(e
.
of AS by
varying the parts speech especially

of
of
of
the forms
,
change endings express different relations

as
so
of
to
(
.
the declension of nouns pronouns the comparison

or
adjectives and the conjugation

of
verbs
,
)
.
Illustrate the following uses Subject

of
6.
the noun
a
(
)
:
Subjective complement apposi

of
the infinitive
c
b
;
;
(
(
)
tion Indirect object Adverbially

d
;
;
e
.
. (
. is ( )
(
)
to
Ans The teacher asked the boy read That

6
a a
(
)
)
.
animal lion Wilson the president has signed the

,
c
,
(
)
.
tariff bill The teacher taught the boy grammar

d
e
(
)
(
)
.
He left an hour ago

.
STATE CF KATIAS 141
7. Write all the participles , active and passive , of the

verb " drive . "
Ans . - Active : Imperfect , driving ; present perfect , hav
ing driven ; progressive, having been driving . Passive :
Perfect , driven ; present perfect , having been driven ; pro
gressive , being driven .
8. Discuss the past tense and the past participle . Why
are they often confused !
Ans . — The past tense refers to time wholly past . The
past participle , also called the perfect participle , refers to
the completion of an action . In the sentence , His wealth ,
obtained dishonestly, soon disappeared , obtained ” i3
the past participle and " disappeared ” is the past tense .
The present indicative , the past indicative , and the past
participle are called the principal parts of the verb . The
past participle is alone used with the forms of the verb ,
" to be , " to form the perfect tenses , the passive voice , and
the passive forms . Confusion frequently arises by using
the past tense instead of the past participle in the perfect
tenses , etc. The past tense and the past participle of regu
lar verbs have the same form , while the past tense and the
past participle of irregular verbs have different forms . A
lack of knowledge of the principal parts of the irregular
verbs is the chief reason that the past tense and past parti.
ciple are frequently confused .
9. Give the construction of the italicised words :
" The bread that bringeth strength want to give , I
The water pure that bids the thirsty live ;
I I
want to help the fainting day by day ;
I'm sure shall not pass this way again . "
of
noun object give

a .--
Ans Bread the infinitive

to
is
,
a
;
,
nominative case subject

of
that relative pronoun

is
the
,
as
finite verb bringeth thirsty adjective used

an
noun
is
;
objective case object the finite verb bid live

of
is to
the
is
,
present infinitive modifying thirsty help the present

to
,
;
of
by
infinitive used the object the verb want

as
is
,
a
;
its
object day and the

of
preposition showing the relation

,
,
first day sure predicate adjective modifying the pro

is
a
;
noun
I.
·
10. Analyze
It :
to
be
easy enough pleasant

is
,
"
When life flows along like song

a
"
.
complex declarative sentence

of
Ans This which

is
a
a ,
,
to .
pleasant when life flows along like

be
song
is
It
,
is ,
”
"
the subject and the predicate

It
easy enough
"
is
of ,
,
"
''
.
by
the subject pleasant

be
to
the basis modified

is
,
“
when flows along like a song ,

life a complex adjective
of the second class , of which " to be , ” infin
its
element
itive basis unmodified and pleasant its objective
is is
,
,
,
”
"
complement modified by when life flows along like
, its ofa
,
“
simple adverbial element
of
song the third class
a
,
of
life
its
which when connective the basis
is
,
;
”
“
”
unmodified .flows
its
subject predicate
of
the basis
is
,
',
by
'
modified along and when two simple adverbial
is
?
"
'
'
further modified by
is '
the first class flows
of
elements
;
“
'
like complex adverbial element
“ of
song the second
"
is of a
“ a
,
class which like the leader and song its
a is
,
, ,
“ ”
”
Is by
simple adjective
; ; of
basis modified element
ofis a
,
” ”
the first class
of
easy the basis the predicate
.
“
is
the predicate verb the basis unmodified
is
”,
,
"
by
easy the predicate adjective modified enough
is
,
,
,
”
“
simple adverbial element the first class
of
a
.
GEOGRAPHY
.
production map What would you place
on
What
1.
is
a
?
of
production map Colorado ?

a
.-
which productions are shown

on
Ans map the
in
A
(a
)
several localities Potatoes alfalfa wool beets

,
(b
,
.
.
of
What are the causes and effects earthquakes and
2.
volcanoes
?
-
may earthquake
be
an
said that
as
Ans wave
It
is
a
.
to
passing through the solid earth They are probably due
.
of
of
or
the fracture rocks the interior the earth the
of in
the sudden genera

or
collapse
of
the roofs cavities

to
,
tion of steam
.
earthquakes
as
Volcanoes are due

to
the same causes
,
though the manifestations
of
at
the surface the earth are

different The effects were shown the destruction of
in
.
Lisbon Pompeii and Martinique

,
,
Why are New Orleans Buffalo Baltimore Pittsburgh

. 3.
,
,
Pa and Boston important commercial centers

?
,
(
Ans near the mouth the Mississippi River

of
Is
a
.
(
)
by
extensive commerce with Europe

an
and commands sea

by
at
It
and inland
is
and South America railroad

,
b
)
,
Lake Erie and western end of the Erie

(
.
of
the eastern end

Chesapeake Bay
It
of
Canal situated near the head

is
c
in (
)
is .
and touch with commercial routes along the coast and

the junction
ofof
Its situation
at
on the ocean the

d
.
(
)
Monongahela and Allegheny rivers and the head the

at
Ohio gives great advantages Its fine harbor and

it
f
.
(
. a )
the Atlantic give great commerce with

on
situation
it
Europe Canada and along the coast

,
Compare Spain and Switzerland

of
as
people form
to
4.
,
STATE OF KANSAS 143
government, education , geographical situation , surface , lan

guage, and climate .
Ans . - Spain : A Latin people ; limited monarchy ; poor
system of education ; a peninsula ; has many facilities for
commerce ; much table land ; Spanish language ; very hot
in summer , very, cold in winter . Switzerland : Three peo
ples and three languages , French , German and Italian ;
republic ; a fine school system ; conveniently situated as to
commercial relations ; mountainous ; climate mild in the
valleys , cold in the mountains .
5. In going to Bunker Hill and Washington , D. C. , from
Kansas City , over what railroad lines would you travel ,
through what states would you pass , and what large cities
would you see ? Name the great rivers you would cross , and
any great manufactories you would see.
St.
Ans . — Take any line from your station to Chicago or
from Chicago the New York Central lines will take
,
Louis
to ;
you Boston the New York and New Haven line Penn
;
,
sylvania lines will take you back via Washington Chi
to
,
,
by
Pennsylvania
as or
it B.
St. Louis
O.
lines The
or
cago
&
,
.
rest of the information depending
on
does the lines
,
left the applicant

to
is
selected
,
Compare the Philippine and the Hawaiian Islands
as
6.
geographical situation gov
of
peoples language form
to
ernment education climate ,

,
.
- ,
Ans Pacific ocean the former near the eastern

in
Both
,
.
of
coast line Asia the latter about 2,200 miles southwest

;
of of
San Francisco People the Philippines are mainly

in
.
Malayan race but there are also yellow

or
the brown
,
and black peoples and sprinkling In the

of
.
whites
,
Hawaiians the people are mainly Hawaiians Caucasians

,
Japanese Language Philippines largely ,

in
is
Chinese
,
Spanish but English making rapid progress English

is
,
,
.
becoming predominant the Hawaiians Both

in
is
too
,
groups are dependencies

of
the United States and excellent

,
schools have been established by our government every

the Philippines tropical
of
of
The climate
is
where the
;
.
Hawaiians temperate
,
as
Compare the Columbia and the St. Lawrence rivers

7.
source outlet fish production climate and navigation

to
Ans Columbia Rocky

—
of
in
Source eastern chain

:
.
Mountains British Columbia outlet into the Pacific

ofin
southwest Portland Oregon fish production abundance

,
; ;
navigation difficult because

ofof
salmon climate temperate

;
falls and rapids navigable mileage

of
Total the Colum

.
bia and branches 2,132 miles

of
the main river 756 miles

,
,
;
St. Lawrence outlet Gulf

of
Source Lake Ontario St.

,
:
,
Lawrence ; abundance of fish ; climate varies from extreme

heat to extreme cold ; navigable from source to outlet .
8. Why is the climate not the same in all the countries
on the equator ?
sea
Ans . - Because of height above the prevailing winds
,
and other local influences
.
-9
. How would you show cause for the inequal ngth of
day and night the temperate and frigid zones
in
?
By
using the globe and showing the inclination
of
Ans
,
.
the sun's rays
.
10.
What would you teach the vicinity your school
in
of
to
regard rainfall drainage productions soils
in
house
,
,
erosion
?
by
be
on —
Ans Nearly everything indicated the words can

.
taught small scale The geography classes should have

a
.
occasionally out
of
lesson doors
a
.
MODERN HISTORY
.
Answer any five omit three
;
(
.)
How can biography and stories teaching
1.
be
in
used
history
?
of
Ans many ways When studying the movements
In
.
-
himself and his statesmen will

of
Napoleon biographies
,
give much information not found histories Irving's life

in
.
of
Washington would great help studying the Revo

be
in
a
lution
.
fiction from which important

of
Name five works

2.
be
history can learned

.
Ans Waverley Ivanhoe

.-
Les Miserables
',
”,
,
"
of
The Legend Seats the
of
Sleepy Hollow The

,
"
“
"
Mighty
."
by
What the term Bourbon

is
3.
meant Absolutism ?
,
The arbitrary and tyrannical rule

of
Ans
.--
the Bourbons
in France
.
What India Why was

it
East Company
4
was the
.
abolished
?
Several governments of Europe had companies

of
Ans
.
that name The most important was the English Company

.
.
The original charter was granted by Queen Elizabeth

in
trade for more than 200 years

It
monopoly
of
1600. held
a
and virtually governed India under the crown Gradually

.
its
its
privileges were taken away until 1857 all powers

in
were taken away because the Company's inability

of
to
suppress the Sepoy rebellion The other companies were

. .
the French Dutch and Danish

,
the Trans Siberian railway What its

is
What
5.
is
?
-
the government that controls

to
value
it
?
STATE OF KANSAS 145
Ans . ( a ) It is a railway connecting Russia in Europe ,

with Russia in Asia . From St. Petersburg to the Pacific ,
the road is between five and six thousand miles in length .
( b ) It has opened up all parts of Siberia to settlement and
all
stimulated agricultural and business enterprises
.
Associate important events an important event with
or
6.
each of the following names Lister Koch Bismarck
,
:
Robert Scott Asquith
.-
,
dis is
Sir Joseph Lister English
an
Ans a surgeon
,
(
)
,
called the father modern antiseptic surgery
of
b
) A
.
(
tinguished German physician and bacteriologist He
.
claimed cure for tuberculosis
to
have discovered
c
(
)
.
First chancellor the German Empire
of He was the lead
.
An Eng
er
the unification of the German states

in
d
.
(
)
.
lish discoverer and explorer He perished the Antarctic
in
.
of
regions March 1912. The prime minister Great
in
e
(
)
in
Britain now office

,
on .
What books modern history have you read

7.
?
-
.
What should you teach your pupils regard
in
to
8.
the
of
value studying history

?
Ans The study shows how nations and peoples have

.
of
perished because unrighteousness government and

in
,
History
to
of
shows how avoid the errors our ancestors
.
valuable for general information and mental discipline
is
.
ANCIENT HISTORY
.
Discuss the principal contributions

of
the Phoenicians
1.
to
civilization
.
knowledge
of
Ans The Phoenicians spread the arts

.—
a
by
among the people who were visited Phoenician traders

The alphabet and alphabetical writing were developed by .
the Phoenicians and by them were introduced among other
weights and measures was another
of
of
nations system
A
.
their contributions
.
Describe the physical geography

of
2.
Greece
.
Ans The most conspicuous features the physical

—
in
.
geography Greece are the irregular coast line the moun

of
the interior the plains between the mountains and

of
tains
,
the deep river valleys great

of
Southern Greece consists

a
.
peninsula Many islands also were part Iron

of
Greece
a
,
.
copper silver and marble were among the natural resources

,
Name two philosophers and two orators

of
ancient
3
.
Greece
.
Ans Two philosophers Socrates and Plato Two ora

:
-
tors Demosthenes and Thucydides the latter more famous

,
a:
as
historian
.
4. Discuss one of the wars between Rome and Carthage ,

naming causes , leaders , and results .
Ans .— The second Punic War was brought on by the
growing rivalry between Rome and Carthage. The exten
sion of Roman power to Corsica , Sardinia and Sicily in
creased the hostility which the Carthaginians had felt since
the first Punic War . To offset the loss of Sardinia the
Carthaginians proposed to extend their rule over Spain .
On the side of Carthage the chief leaders were the brothers
Hannibal and Hasdrubal , whose father Hamilcar had been
the hero of the first Punic War . Hannibal led his army
from Spain to Italy by way of the Alps and gained sev
Quintus Fabius Maximus ,

eral important victories . The chief Roman leaders were
whose plan was to wear out his
enemy by a policy of delay ; and Scipio Africanus , who
carried the war into Africa , and defeated Hannibal at
Zania . The result of the war was to leave Rome as the
ruler of the western world , including Northern Africa and
Spain .
5. Describe the reforms attempted in Rome by Tiberius
and Caius Gracchus .
Ans . The brothers , Tiberius and Caius Gracchus, at
tempted economic and political reforms . Among their pro .
posals was a redistribution of public lands in the interests
of the masses ; colonization outside of Italy ; and an exten
sion of the rights of citizenship . In general they tried to
establish a democracy by taking power away from the sen
ate . Both brothers were killed as a result of their efforts ,
and their work was temporarily , at least, a failure.
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. Where was the first territorial capitol of Kansas ?
Is there anything left to show where the building stood ?
Ans . —At Pawnee , near Fort Riley . Yes , the walls are
in good condition .
2. Name two works (history or fiction ) by Kansas
writers , portraying scenes in territorial days .
Ans.- " Kansas — Its Interior and Exterior Life , ' by
Mrs. Sara T. L. Robinson ; “ The Conquest of Kansas , ” by
W. A. Phillips .
3 . In studying the territorial period what maps would
you use ?
Ans .— Maps published by the United States government,
and any other maps published by private firms .
4. What effect did the Missouri Compromise have on the
settlement of Kansas ?
Ans Not very much but the Kansas Nebraska bill
.--
-
STATE OF KANSAS 147
which virtually repealed the Compromise , brought many

settlers from both North and South .
5. What important amendment to the state constitution
was adopted at the last November election ?
Ans . - The amendment granting equal suffrage to women .
6. Associate the following names with an important
event or important events in the history of Kansas :
Thomas Carney, Samuel J. Crawford , Nehemiah Green , John
Brown , D. W. Wilder .
Ans.- ( a ) Governor , 1863-1865 . The University of
Kansas , the State Normal School and the State Agricultur
al College were founded . ( 6 ) Governor, 1865-1869 . The
Civil War. ( c ) Acting governor while Governor Crawford
was helping to repel an Indian invasion . ( d ) Helped with
his sons and followers in the struggle to make Kansas free .
( e) Author of Wilder's Annals , a record of the chief events
in Kansas history from 1541 to 1885 .
7.
- Who is the member of Congress from your district ?
8. What political parties were in control of the state
government from 1890 to 1900 ?
Ans . —Republican until 1893 ; Populist from 1893 to 1895 ;
Republican from 1895 to 1897 ; Populist from 1897 to 1899 ;
Republican from 1899—
9. From what sources would you obtain the history of
Kansas after the last events recorded in the state textbooks ?
Ans . - From the daily and weekly newspapers .
10. What books or magazine articles relating to Kansas
have you read ?
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. ( Credit 50 per cent .) germicide, vertically , collat
eral , meridian , consul, phenomena , mileage , bilious , humerus ,
asphyxia, conferring , license , imagery , gravity , inoculate ,
incisors , epiglottis , ambassador , polygon , hygiene , precede .
Ans. — For the applicant .
2. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables : cement ,
gladiola , cabalistic , superfluous , ice cream .
Ans See the dictionary or spelling book .
3. Define orthography , orthoepy , and entomology .
Ans .- ( a) Art of writing words with the proper letters
according to standard usage . ( b ) Art of uttering words
correctly . The part of grammar which treats of pronuncia
tion. ( c ) ( A misprint . It should have been etymology .)
its
The origin or derivation of a word as shown by analysis

or by referring it to an earlier for or word .

4. Enunciation is sadly neglected in most school rooms .
How would you correct this fault ?
Ans. --By constant drill on breathing exercises and prac
tice on vowel and consonant sounds and combinations . These
exercises should be given daily in every reading class .
5. In what grade would you require the use of the dic
tionary by pupils ? Why ?
Ans. From the fourth to the ninth . The pupils should
become familiar with the several meanings and derivations
all
all
of the words they are likely find their text
in
to
books and general reading
.
Give four general rules for spelling
6.
.
Ans Practice often in spelling the words you often
.--
mis spell doubt write the word note unusual

in
when
;
;
-
your general reading note
all
words classes the words
in
in
;
spelled incorrectly
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
How many members are the state legislature
in
1.
?
State compensation and length
of
term
Ans Forty
.
total 165
in
in
the Senate 125 the House
;
,
.-
.
Three dollars per day and fifteen cents per mile for ex
returning
to
penses going and their several homes
.
Where are the state institutions for reforming way
2
.
.
ward boys and girls
?
The Boys Industrial School Topeka the Girls

of at
Ans
;
.-
at'
'
Industrial School Beloit
.
Who the present speaker the United States

3.
is
and what powers has

he
Representatives
of
House
Ans ?
at
Champ
of
Clark Missouri He presides each

. .
-
session
of
be
How may
constitution the United States
4.
the
amended many amendments have been adopted
How
( ?
Ans Congress
of
The whenever two thirds both

,
a
-
)
.
Houses shall deem necessary shall propose amendments

it
the application the legisla

of
on
or
to
this Constitution
,
,
of
of
tures two th.rds the several states shall call con

,
a
-
vention for proposing amendments which either case

asin
, ,
,
,
all
be
shall valið intents and purposes part

of
to
this
or , by
the legislatures
in of
Constitution when ratified three

by
or
of
fourths the several states convention three

the other mode of ratifica
as
fourths thereof the one

,
by
the Congress
be
tion may
V.
proposed ART
."
-
Seventeen
5. b
.
(
)
an
Give three reasons why educational qualification

all
should be required
of
voters
.
an
Ans Because ignorant voter cannot understand the

-
.
STATE OF KANSAS 149
measures upon which he is called to vote ; because he is

likely to be mis -led by demagogues ; because the require .
ment will stimulate him to see that his children are edu
cated , and to become qualified himself .
6. What is a bill of rights ?
Ans.- " A guarantee of certain rights belonging to the
people as individuals . " —STATE TEXT .
See Constitution of Kansas and of the United States .
7. Give the original and present area of the United
States .
Ans . - About 850,000 square miles. The Louisiana Pur .
chase added 1,850,000 square miles. The area now , in
cluding Alaska and the colonial dependencies , is 3,699,440
square miles .
8. Discuss civil service reform .
Ans. - From the days of Andrew Jackson until 1883 ,
the doctrine that " to the victors belong the spoils of the
enemy , ' was the rule in appointing public officials . In 1883
a bill to reform the civil service was introduced by Senator
Pendleton of Ohio . It was passed in both Houses by large
majorities . A commission was appointed to carry out the
spirit of the act . Assessments on public officials for partisan
political purposes were stopped and a system of examina
tions of candidates for places in the several departments
was established . Presidents Cleveland, Harrison , Roose
velt and Taft were warm friends of Civil Service Reform .
Roosevelt was Civil Service Commissioner under President
Harrison .
-
9. Name and discuss powers denied to Congress.
Ans . See Sections 9 and 10 of Article I. , Constitution
of the United States .
10. Should California be allowed to exclude the Japan
ese ? Why ?
Ans.- Not if the action nullifies treaties made by Japan
with our government.
LITERATURE .
1. Where was Irving's “ Sleepy Hollow ? ' ? What was
the right name ?
Ans . - It is the valley through which the Pocantico River
passes near Tarrytown , New York.
2. Name three other New England poets besides Long .
fellow , and name a poem by each .
Ans . — James Russell Lowell — The Crisis ” ; Oliver
Wendell Holmes — The One Hoss Shay ' ' ; John Greenleaf
Whittier— "Snow Bound . "
3. What in Evangeline's character would you teach chil

dren to admire and to emulate ?
Ans. Her loyalty to duty , and perseverance in a good
cause .
4. Why is it that the country through which the Hudson
River passes was colonized by the Dutch ? Where did they
come from ?
Ans . — Henry Hudson , in the service of the Dutch , dis
covered the Hudson River . This led to the colonizing of
the valley . The colonists came from Holland .
5. Would you require pupils to read “ The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow , ' “ Evangeline , ” and “ The Perfect Trib
ute ” before teaching the poems by analysis ? Give reasons .
Ans.— Yes . After several readings the children would so
love the books they would cheerfully follow the analysis .
6. What war was in progress when the Acadians were
expelled ? In what expedition did George Washington dis
tinguish himself the year in which the Acadians were ex
pelled ?
Ans .- ( a ) The French and Indian War . ( b ) In Brad .
dock's expedition against Fort Du Quesne .
7. Explain the following : “ god on Olympus , Fata
"
"
Morgana , ” “ Dryads , “ frenzied Bacchantes, " Ten
ebrous boughs. "
Ans. ( a ) Olympus was a mountain on the borders of
Macedonia and Thessaly . It was believed , in ancient times ,
to be the especial home of the gods . ( b ) A mirage seen
in the strait of Messina . Also , a fairy in Orlando In
namorato . ( c) The nymphs of the trees and forests in
mythology. ( d) Persons celebrating the festival of Bac
chus . ( e ) Dark , gloomy boughs.
8. Give briefly a description of Lincoln's character .
.--
Ans Honest courageous kind firm fair forgiving

,
,
constructive humorous persevering religious
,
,
,
a.
What distinguished American wrote history

of
the
9
.
country from which the Van Tassels Dan Brunts and their
,
,
ancestors came
?
Ans John Lothrop Motley

—
.
What reason would you give why the belief legend

in
10.
ary tales witchcraft and ghosts has largely disap
in
in
,
peared
?
The spread
of
Ans education
-
.
UNITED STATES HISTORY

.
products
of
Discuss the relation between the

1.
the
United States and tariff policy
a
.
STATE OF KANSAS 151
? Ans . — The discussion has been going on almost since the

government was founded , and especially during the last
ninety years . One party insists that the American laborer
must be protected in his labor from the competition of
underpaid labor in other countries ; and the other urges
that the necessaries of life should be admitted free at our
ports . One party asserts that a protective tariff does much
more than protect the laborer , and that it enables corpora .
tions to establish monopolies . The tendency at present is
to reduce the duty so that the laborer may be protected ,
but no more .
2. Discuss : The Appalachian highland was a leading
factor in unifying colonial life .
Ans . The colonies situated as they were on the slopes
and valleys east of the Appalachain Mountains brought
them closer together and before the Revolution made it
easier for the colonists to hold conventions to form unions
for the protection and defense of their common interests.
3. Discuss the work of George Rogers Clark and its effect
upon nationality .
Ans. — During the Revoluntionary war he wrested the “ Illi
nois Country ” from the French , British and Indians . His
capture of important places was the chief basis of the
United States ' claim , at the peace of 1782-83 , to the terri
tory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi .
• Locate and tell why important : ( a ) Gettysburg ; ( b )
Burgoyne's surrender ; ( c ) Louisiana purchase ; ( d ) Whisky
rebellion ; ( e) Albany convention of 1754 .
Ans . ( a)It is considered the decisive battle in the Civil
War because Lee was defeated and turned back in his in
vasion of the North , in 1863 . Gettysburg is in Eastern
Pennsylvania . ( b ) It may be said that the surrender of
Burgoyne at the battle of Saratoga had the same effect in
the War of the Revolution that Gettysburg had in the
aid the United States . (

Civil War . The result at Saratoga determined France to
c) It gave the United States com
plete control of the Mississippi River and gave it a rast
territory from which many states were to be made . ( d )
Washington in crushing the Whisky Rebellion in Western
Pennsylvania showed that the Federal Government was
fully able to enforce its laws. ( e) The Albany Convention
was held at Albany , New York , about the time the French
and Indian War was beginning . It was to consider a plan
for intercolonial union , and to renew the friendship of the
Five Nations . The plan of union was rejected by the col .
onies because it gave too much power to the crown ; and
by the government because it gave too much power to the

colonies .
But the proposed arrangement was important in
that it brought before the colonies the idea of union .
5. Discuss the efforts that are being made for universal
peace .
Ans . — There is much activity everywhere in promoting
universal peace , and the finishing of the Peace Palace at
The Hague is a most significant event. There are national
societies with many auxiliaries to further peace , and liter
ature in the form of circulars and pamphlets is circulating
in every part of the civilized world .
6. What aids and devices do you use in teaching his
tory ?
7.
.
What events are associated with the following dates :
1789 ; 1850 ; 1619 ; 1865 ; 17939
Ans ( a ) The Constitution of the United States went
into operation . ( b ) The Compromise measures designed to
settle questions relating to slavery were adopted by Con
gress . (c )
Introduction of slavery , and the election of a
House of Burgesses in Virginia . ( d ) The close of the Civil
War . ( e ) Yellow fever calamity in
Philadelphia . is It
recorded that out of a population of 60,000 , 4,000 perished .
WRITING .
1.Discuss fully board work in the first year.
Ans . - Much work should be done on the board . The
letters should be large so that the children can clearly
.
see the various forms Work on the board with large forms
and letters enables the child to acquire a freedom of arm
movement , and the subsequent work on paper becomes much
easier .
2. Give reasons why pupils should have a good body
position while writing .
Ans . - Unless the pupil is sitting in a comfortable po
sition , easiness of pen movement cannot be acquired . ( For
position , see page 211 , WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL for
August , 1913 ) .
3. What should be required of a fourth year class in
writing ?
Ans . — The making of
all
the letters neatly and legibly

.
The acquiring fair rate urged

of
be
It
speed
, of
should
a
every lesson that legibility

in
neatness and speed should

be in that order
.
Write the capital letters

4.

.
as .
quotation your own hand

of
Write specimen
5.
a
a
STATE OF KANSAS 153
writing .
Ans. - For the applicant .
.
MUSIC .
1. How and why would you teach a rote song ?
Ans ( a ) Sing entire song ( one stanza ) , children listen .
Sing each phrase ( word line ), children imitate . When
phrases learned , combine . (
b ) Teach rote songs to younger
children to give what might be termed a tone vocabulary .
Songs beyond reading ability of older children are some
times useful for cultural or recreative purposes .
2. How is pitch represented ?
Ans . — By staff degrees .
3. What is meant by staff degrees ?
Ans - Staff lines and spaces .
4. Read and explain the following measure signatures :
3 2 3
4 2 8.
.sig
Ans. - The figures in fraction form follow the key
nature and are read downward numerator first 3-4
;
,
2-2
means three beat measure quarter note beats means
;
,
two beat measure half note beats 3-8 means three beat
;
,
measure eighth note beats Recognizing the desirability

,
having nearly may but one meaning for each

of
be
N. as
as
,
,
E.
Music Department has approved

A.
the
a
term
,
recommendation restricting the name signature
, to
the
“
clef and sharps flats grouped immediately after and "

“ or
adopting the term measure sign for the figures other

or
”
sign following signature other sign the defin

in
The
a ”
.
.
ition applies the character resembling letter
to
used
C
,
4-4 or with vertical stroke through

of
place
in
sometimes
,
the sign in place This sign

it
of
2-2 not nor was ever

is
,
,
.
letter and does not mean common time Much of

C
a
'
.
musical theory was worked out by the early church fathers

.
To them the Trinity was perfection and three beat music

,
al measure was perfect measure indicated by circle

or a
oror ,
The circle with vertical stroke piece cut out both

(
,
. ),
meant imperfect measure two four beats The modi

,
fied sign remains use with meanings given above

in
.
F; of
Write the signature the following keys and locate

(a on5.
Key Key Key

of
of
of
Do staff
A
b
. ) a
;
E a
c
an of(
)
:
(
)
(
)
Key flat
D
;
.
-
AnsFor the applicant

'
tell
.
Define
in
interval and establish any

6.
to
how
terval
.
Ans- An interval the pitch relation between two

is
a
(
)
tones . ( b ) The scale method is to sing from one of the

tones through all the scale degrees to the other interval
tone , then sing both tones of interval . this cannot be If
readily done , the intervening tones may be sung softly
until interval is established , then skip . Another way is
to know the Do chord , (
Do Mi So ) and learn to think
,
interval tones as part of the chord or scale neighbors to
chord tones , just as chromatic tones can often be more
readily sung by thinking the diatonic tones toward which
they lead .
its
7. Define scale . From what does a scale take name
?
key regular succession from
of
Ans The tones
b in
a
a
.
to (
)
tonic its octave inclusive From its tonic

a
.
(
)
.
the characters representing the following and
Make
8.
sharp cancel double flat

of
tell the effect each
,
:
.
Ans .— For the applicant sharp makes
a
a
A
(b
(
)
)
.
staff degree represent half step higher piteh can
A
aa
(c
, -
or )
.
of
cel cancels effect sharp flat double sharp double
,
a,
flat double flat makes flatted staff degree rep
A
d
(
)
.
half step lower pitch Rarely ever does the
if
resent
a
,
-
.
double flat appear where no flat has appeared before
If
.
step lower pitch than
be
so
should used would mean

it
it
a
by
primary
or
that represented the staff degree clef
in
condition but the double flat means only half step more
,
-
than one flat
.
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICS

-
.
Two questions may
be
omitted
)
(
Define velocity inertia momentum

1.
of.
Ans Velocity moving body

of
the rate motion

—
is
;
.
ordinarily expressed
as
the distance traversed

in
is
one
it
the tendency
of
time Inertia
to
of
matter remain
is
second
is .
in
it at
to
rest not and continue motion

in
if
if
motion
it
moving without changing either the direction

or
veloc
is
ity Momentum depends upon both velocity and the mass

of
.
moving body
In
physics momentum
as
defined
is
the
,
a
product the mass and the velocity the moving body

of
of
Explain the difference between energy and work

2.
Ans Energy capacity for doing work

is
work the
—
is is
in no ;
In
.
result accomplished scientific sense work ac

a
a .
complished unless force produces motion the body on

which acts Energy may be exerted without producing
it
.
or
motion accomplishing work

.
Explain the working of the common suction pump

3.
drawing illustrate the valves

to
Make
a
Ans the common pump there are two valves both

In
a ,
.
opening upward piston cylin

in
raised and lowered

A
is
.
STATE OF KANSAS 155
As
der . the piston descends , the upper valve opens and
permits the air to escape ; when the piston is raised , the
upper valve closes and a partial vacuum is formed below
it. This permits the air or water in the pipe below to rise
and to pass through the lower valve, pushed up by the pres
sure of the air on the surface of the water in which the
lower end of the pipe is submerged . The lower valve clos
ing again as the piston descends holds the water which has
been raised until it passes through the upper or piston
valve and is lifted by the rising piston to the spout , whence
it flows out . ( Drawing for the applicant .)
4. What is meant by the conduction of heat ?
Ans . — Conduction of heat is its transference from mole
cule to molecule in some substance in which molecular energy
is readily transferred through vibrations .
5. Describe an experiment to show that sound travels
more slowly than light.
Ans . - The whistle of a locomotive at a distance from the
observer is not heard until a considerable time after the
escaping steam is seen . The greater the distance , the longer
the interval between the appearance of the steam and the
sound of the whistle .
6. What is the law of reflection of light from a plane
mirror ?
Ans . - Rays of light are reflected from a plane mirror at
an angle which is equal to the angle at which they fall
upon the mirror . The angle of reflection is equal to the
angle of incidence .
7. Describe the incandescent light .
Ans .— The incandescent light consists of a carbon fila
ment through which an electric current passes . The resist
ance of the filament causes the energy of the electric cur
rent to be transformed into heat energy , by which the fila
ment is heated to incandescence . The filament is enclosed
in a glass bulb from which the air has been exhausted . This
prevents burning .
BOOKKEEPING .
1. Define resources , liabilities , present worth , net gain ,
net loss .
Ans . Resources are any properties or rights representing
a money value . Liabilities are the debts owed by a busi
ness . Present worth is the difference between the resources
and liabilities , or it is the net gain added to the invest
ment or the net loss subtracted from the investment . Net
gain is the excess of gain over the losses . Net loss is tho
excess of loss over the gains .
6-10 , Journalize the following transactions :

Sept. 1. John Cole began business investing cash ,
$ 2,000 ; real estate , $ 1,000 .
2. Bought mdse . on note , $ 1,000 .
3. Sold mdse . to B. Cone , $ 600 . Received in
payment cash , $200 ; note , $300 ; bal
ance on acct.
20 . Paid note of 2d inst . in cash with interest .
3
Face of note , $ 800 ; interest , $ .
27. B. Cone paid his note of the 3d inst . in
cash with interest . Face of note , $ 300 ;
interest , $ 1.50 .
Ans.
Sept. 1
Cash 2101001001
Real Estate 101010100
To John Cole 31000100
2
Mdse . 1101010100
To Bills Pay. 1 00000
3
Cash 0000
Bills Rec . 31010100
B. Cone 1 00 00
To Mdse . 600.00
20
Bills Pay 81010100
Interest 1300
To Cash 810/3100
27
Cash 30 150
To Bills Rec . 31010100
To Interest 11150
2-5 Using the following footings of E. B. Kane's ledger ,

and his inventories , find his present worth :
Dr. Cr .
E. B. Kane , Proprietor . $ 100 $ 2000
Merchandise . 2500 2000
Expense . 100
Cash . 3000 1800
Bills Receivable . 1000 800
J. Dole . 300 200
Bills Payable . 100 200
STATE OF KANSAS 157
C. Beale . 200 300

Inventories :
Mdse . $ 700
Office desk . 30
Ans.
Dr. Cr . Res . Lia Gain Loss
E. B. Kane 100001200000
Merchandise 250010011200010070000 200100
Expense 100100 3000 7000
Cash 3000|00||18000011120000
Bills Rec . 100000 800100 200.00
J. Dole 300100 200100 10000
Bills Pay 100100 200 00 10000
C. Beale 200100 30000 10000
7300 00 7300 00 2230 00 200 00 200 00 70 00
Total Resources 2230 00 Kane's Net Credit 1900 00

Total Liabilities 200 00 Kane's Net Gain 130 00
Present Worth 2030 00 Kane's Pres . worth 2030 00
READING
1. Give two reasons why the results of the study of read
ing are not in proportion to the time given to the subject .
Ans .-
( 1 ) Teacher and pupil do not realize the impor
tance of making definite and thorough preparation for the
recitation in reading . ( 2 ) The reading matter provided for
use in the schools is not sufficient in quantity .
2. Compare the sentence method of teaching beginners
to read with some other method . Point out the advantages
of the method which you prefer .
Ans . In the sentence method the mind of the pupil is
directed to the statement as a whole , while in the word
method the separate words are the units . For beginners
the word method is simpler and less confusing . In any
method words must be learned sooner or later so that they
may be recognized in any new combination .
3. How may natural expression be secured in primary
reading classes ?
Ans . - One effective method is to require the pupil to read
the sentence to himself and then " tell ' it to the class and
the teacher . By suggestive questions and explanations the
teacher may help the pupil to feel the reality of what he
reads .
4. How does the mental process in reading aloud from
the book differ from the process in reading silently and
then reproducing the thought orally ?
Ans . - In reading aloud the muscular response of the
vocal organs is stimulated by the perception of the printed
words ; in the oral reproduction of the thought after silent
reading memory . is involved , and mental images of the

words , either auditory or muscular , afford the stimulus to
the organs of speech .
5. Describe some method or device which may be used
to direct the pupils ' attention to the thought or subject
matter in the preparation of the reading lesson .
Ans . — Definite directions to be observed in the study of
the lesson , and questions on the subject matter, answers to
which are to be found when preparing for the recitation ,
will direct the pupil's attention to the thought presented
in the reading lesson .
6. Define quality and give a practical suggestion regard
ing it.
-
Ans . Quality in reading is the special character of the
tone , as pure , harsh , etc. , appropriate to the sentiment ex
pressed in the passage read . Suggestion : Avoid the arti
ficial and mechanical tones which are sometimes heard in
readers . Let the quality of the voice be natural and in
ordinary reading use the voice as in conversation .
7. In teaching reading , what objects should be kept in
view besides appropriate oral expression ?
Ans . — Besides oral expression the teaching of reading
its
should have for object the cultivation literary taste
of
,
for reading gathering information an
of
fondness the
,
,
a
appreciation of good books and good literature and training
in in ,
of
the use good language speaking and writing

in
in
.
Write five questions suitable for use preparation
8
.
on
for recitation Casabianca The boy stood on the

a
"
,
burning deck etc. Fourth Reader page 180.

, ”
of ,
)
(
.-
Ans meaning
is
What the the title Casabianca

(3 ,
1
?
(
)
What showed the boy's heroic spirit Select five

2
?
(
)
poetic expressions which would not ordinarily

be
found
Describe the picture which formed your in
in
prose
is
4
(
)
:
imagination your imagina

on
reading the poem

In
5
(
)
.
there any representation things heard

of
do of
tion the scene

is
of
things seen
If
what things you imagine

as
as
so
well
?
that you hear

?
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS UF TEACHING

.
the chief points

of
of
What difference between

1.
is
one
the proper methods employed elementary and higher edu
in
cation Why does this difference exist

?
Ans instruction _is compre

inIn
elementary
; —
education
.
In
higher education specialized childhood

is
hensive
it
the mind supplied with impressions and experiences

in
is
great variety These part furnish material for the more

in
.
intensive thought which belongs later years This

to
is
the
.
STATE OF KANSAS 159
natural order of development . The child acquires knowl .

edge naturally and rapidly ; the adult deliberates and
reasons .
2. What qualifications of a teacher may be tested by a
written examination ? Name two desirable qualities which
can not be so tested . How may the presence or absence of
these qualities be ascertained ?
Ans . — The teacher's intellectual qualifications , e. 9. ,
knowledge of facts and reasoning power , may be tested in
part by a written examination . Among the qualities which
can not be so tested are sympathy and the power to govern
a school . The pupils or other intimate associates can'readily
detect the presence or absence of sympathy ; and a prac
ticed observer can quickly determine whether a teacher has
ability to govern .
3. Show how there can be no real education except
through experience .
Ans . - All of the elements which make up the mental
all
life originate in experience ; and activity whether mental
,
bodily experience Memory the recalling past
or
of
; is
is
,
experiences habit formation depends upon the repetition

previously performed and voluntary action would
be of
acts
;
impossible without previous experience All the matter

.
for thought originally
as
the mind experience and
to
comes
,
of
every mental process itself form experience
is
or a
.
By what means
4.
good taste natural

Is
acquired
?
acquired
is or
be
may cultivated
it
Ans Good taste acquired By some acquired

in —
is so
is
it
.
be .
early life that
It
natural possession
is to
seems
it
.
by
by
best acquired one who constantly surrounded peo
ple who have good taste and by things which are appro
by
ex
priate
It
best cultivated observation and good

is
. .
amples
Mention some school exercise which adapted cul
to
5.
is
Tell why this

so
tivate the reasoning power

is
.
.
in
Ans Every school exercise which the pupil has occa

—
to .
answer the question Why

an
sion exercise reas

in
is
“
'
oning Every exercise which requires the adoption

of
means
an .
requires Pupils are taught

to
reasoning
. to
end also
.
reason when they are taught

be
discover the relations

to
things study geography especially adapted

of
tween The
is
.
not satisfied with

to
this the teacher mere recital

if
is
of facts The reason why geography

is
good exercise
.
for cultivating the reasoning power

so
because offers
it
is
as
many opportunities for explaining why things are they

are experimental study any
of
The science also develops

.
the reasoning faculty

.
6. How may the instinct of imitation be used to advan

tage in school ?
Ans. -
a new
Children instinctively imitate their associates .
pupil enters the school he will probably adapt his
If
conduct to the prevailing custom . Any worthy perform
ance by one of the pupils may be brought to the attention
of others in such a way as to arouse even the indifferent to
endeavor to do likewise .
7. Of what educational value are the occupations of chil
dren which require bodily activity ? Illustrate .
Ans .— There is a close relation between mind and body
and bodily actions have à counterpart in the accompanying
mental processes . Many of the experiences which furnish
the mental life are connected with bodily activity . Well
regulated bodily movements , whether in work or play, are
educative . Becoming conduct is one of the chief ends of
education , and this is the result of appropriate behavior
of the body under the control of the mind . Such control
is only established by practice for which opportunity is
given in the occupations requiring bodily activity .
8. What is meant by executive ability ? How may this
be cultivated by the teacher ( a ) in himself ; ( b ) in the
pupils ?
Ans . — Executive ability is the ability to accomplish re
sults , and to make practical application of theoretical knowl
edge . It requires actual performance as well as thinking .
The teacher may cultivate this power in himself by setting
for himself some definite task occasionally and holding
in its
accomplishment pupils there

of
In
himself to the case

.
the preparation and recitation
of
be
addition
to
should
,
lessons some opportunity for making plans and putting

,
them into effect One way of cultivating executive ability

is .
among pupils through the organization games and

oris of
plays and participation Another through the

in
them
.
occupations provided manual

in
industrial studies
in
training
is
.
the acquiring
of
Why repetition necessary knowl

or in
9.
physical
or
or
edge skill Are habits mental both

?
?
—
single impression not ordinarily

on
Ans the mind

is
A
.
deep enough insure permanence Repetition the im

of
to
the conditions for clear and permanent

is
pression
is of
one
memory Skill acquired only when the different move
.
ments belonging any given operation have become auto

to
of
nearly repetition
or
so
matic and this the result

is
,
.
in
Habits are both mental and physical The basis the

is
of .
physical constitution and processes the brain

.
State three arguments

of
favor the consolidation

in
10.
STATE OF KANSAS 161
of rural schools .
Ans.- ( 1) More effective teaching made possible by bet .
ter grading of pupils . ( 2 ) Better buildings and greater
conveniences on account of the combining of the resources
of several districts . ( 3 ) More interest felt by pupils on
account of the greater number belonging to each class .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - BOTANY .

great groups
1. Name the plants
of . Name plants be
.
longing to each group . Which groups reproduce by spores ;
which by seeds ?
Ans ( a ) Thallophytes : Algae , mushrooms, rusts , repro
duce by spores. ( 6 ) Bryophytes : Liverworts , mosses , re
produce by spores . ( c ) Pteridophytes : Ferns , horsetails ,
reproduce by spores . ( d) Spermatophytes :
ing plants , reproduce by seed .
Pines , flower
2. Describe by drawings the various stages in the ger

mination of the Lima bean .
Ans . — For the applicant .
3. What does every seed contain ? TVhat are the parts
of the embryo ? Where may the food be stored in seeds ?
Ans . - Every seed contains a miniature plant . The parts
of the embryo are the “ caulicle, ” or stem , “ cotyledons,
or seed leaves and “ plumule , ” or bud . The food may be
stored in the cotyledons as in the bean or in the end sperm
surrounding the embryo as in the castor bean .
4. Name the various ways of distinguishing monocotyle .
donous stems from dicotyledonous stems . Make a drawing
of a cross -section of a dicotyledon stem and label all the
parts .
Ans . - Monocotyledonous stems have : ( 1 ) scattered vas
cular bundles ; (2 ) no central pith ; ( 3) phloem surrounded
as least in part by xylem forming amphivasal bundles ; ( 4 )
no cambium , therefore a closed bundle . Dicotyledonous
stems show : ( 1 ) vascular bundles arranged in a cylinder
with xylem toward center of stem ; (2 ) cambium layer
separates xylem from phloem tissue forming an open col
lateral bundle . Drawing for applicant .
5. What are the functions of leaves ? How is the leaf
adapted to perform these functions ?
Ans . - Leaves perform the functions of photosynthesis ,
respiration and transpiration . The leaf is an expanded
organ thus exposing a large surface of chlorophyll -bearing
tissue to the light . This tissue is protected from two great
a transpiration by a thin transparent covering which trans
mits the light and through which small opening called sto
mata admit air and give off water vapor. Various modifica
tions of this epidermis such as cutinization and production of
hairs adapt the leaves to various external conditions .. A
system of veins ramifying throughout the mesophyll fur
nishes a transporting system bringing water to the leaf
cells and carrying food from the leaf .
6. Name various ways by which plants reproduce .
Ans . — Plants reproduce by spores , seeds , cuttings, run
ners , offsets , rhizomes , bulbs , etc.
7. What are the parts of a flower : of what use are
flowers ?
Ans .— The parts of a flower are : 1 Calyx a . sepals ; 2
Corolla a . petals ; 3 Stamens a . filament , b . another ; 4
Pistil a . stigma, b . style , c . ovary . Many plants produce
seed only when cross fertilizated . Insects are active agents
in this process . It is believed that the showy corolla is an
attraction to the insects , thus insuring the transmission of
the pollen .
8. What is pollination ? Self - pollination ? . Cross-pollin
ation ? How may cross - pollination be brought about ?
Ans . — Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the
stigmatic surface of the pistil . By self -pollination is meant
the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma in the same
flower . In cross pollination pollen from one flower falls
on the stigma of another flower . Cross fertilization may
be brought about by wind or by insects. Under experi
mental conditions this transfer is often made with a camel's
hair brush .

1. Define pleura , cerebrum , retina , parotid gland , Eusta
chian tube .
Ans.- ( a ) The serous membrane lining the chest cavity
and covering the lungs . (b ) The largest division of the
brain . ( c ) The inner coat of the eye, containing neurons
sensitive to light . ( d ) A salivary gland located below the
ear .
( e ) An air tube connecting the upper pharynx with
the middle ear ,
(
2. Discuss Fletcherism , vegetarianism , and beverages .
Ans . a ) The theory that food should be completely
masticated ; i . e ., reduced to a semi-liquid condition , so that
it is swallowed without effort . ( b ) The theory that on
vegetable foods are fit for man's use . This diet includes
garden vegetables , cereals , nuts and fruits , and excludes all
meats and animal products , such as milk , cheese , butter ,
STATE OF KANSAS 163
lard and eggs . Many half -vegetarians exclude meat only .
are
The opponents of vegetarianism believe animal foods
fitted to man's use because man has teeth fitted
to
chew
intestine midway
an
both animal and vegetable foods has
in
of ,
length between the intestines carnivorous and herbivor
of
ous animals and lives for the first year
on
his life animal
,
food the mother milk Nourishing refreshing
e
.,
,
,
.
(c
,
i.
)
intoxicating
at
stimulating meal time
or
drinks taken either
or between meals
,
Discuss bacteria Give conditions favoring growth
3.
.
and methods of killing
, , to , by
—
Ans Bacteria are one celled plants that multiply
-
.
transverse division They are the smallest known organisms

.
measuring about .0001 long and .00001 inch wide As
.
infecting power some are pathogenic disease producing
or
,
-
or
and others non pathogenic As environment
to
harmless
.
-
some are parasites feeding living matter and others are

on
,
,
saphrophytes feeding dead organic matter shape
on
As
to
,
or , . ,
.
some are spherical others spiral and others rod shaped
,
in-
They produce variety products lactic acid
of
milk
a
:
in in
in
nitric acid soils ferments the intestine and toxins
,
,
ptomaines living non living organic matter They are
to or
-
by
.
exposure heat and such chemicals
as
killed carbolic
acid and formalin The conditions favorable growth
to
are
.
sufficient water foods containing carbon and nitrogen and

,
,
degrees
68
98
F.
F.
to
warmth from degrees

Name the four components
of
Mention two
4.
the blood
.
the blood with cause and prevention

( of
diseases
,
Ans pale and plasma composed

or
Corpuscles red
;
a
,
.
fibrinogen and serum injury

of
due
to
Anemia the to
,
b
(
)
.
red corpuscle orming tissues and hemophilia due to

,
;
a
by
-f
hereditary constitutional condition characterized severe

,
uncontrollable bleeding Cause unknown prevention little

,
.
known
.
Name four factors affecting public health

5.
Ans Food water air sunlight

,
,
.
In-
protected against
be
what four ways may the home

6.
disease germs
?
By
Ans excluding flies malarial mosquitoes and fleas

of ;
,
.
by rigid inspection
by
abating the spitting nuisance

;
milk by shutting out germ laden dust

;
.
of
Give the functions the cerebrum and cerebellum

7
.
Name three diseases

, of
the nervous system

.
Ans Cerebrum center for intellect feeling will

a
,
,
(
)
and voluntary motion of cerebellum center for control

of
;
breathing strallowing heart teat and caliber

of
blood ves
,
,
) ,
sels Nerve exhaustion paralysis insanity

(6
,
.
.
8. Define dentine, choroid , atrophy , thoracic duct.

Ans . - An ivory - like material composing the main part of
the tooth . ( 6) The middle coat composing the eyeball. It
is vascular , and pigmented the black color preventing the
reflection of light rays within the eyeball. ( c) Atrophy , a
shrinking or wasting away of a muscular or other organ .
( d ) The large lymph tube beginning in the back part of
the abdomen and extending upwardthrough the thorax to
the junction of the left jugular and left subclavian veins,
where it empties .
9. Discuss the structure and use of cartilage ,
Ans.- ( a ) True cartilage consists of a matrix in which
are imbedded the cartilage cells ; or , better, it consists of
cartilage cells that have surrounded themselves with a
matrix . Fibrocartilage is true cartilage in which white or
yellow connective is mixed . ( b ) As a substitute for bone,
10. Explain the changes in air breathed ,

as a binder of bones , as a cushion between bones .
Discuss venti
lating system for home and school room .
Ans.- ( a ) As the air is exhaled it contains less oxygen ,
more carbon dioxid gas , and usually more moisture and more
heat than when it was inspired . (b ) A cheap and simple
method is by use of the window board, placed under the
lower sashes . The hot air furnace gives both heat and
ventilation . The hot air furnace or other modern system
should be installed in every school .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .

( Answer any five ; omit three .)
1. What is meant by humidity ? Name all the conditions
affecting humidity and give briefly their influence on the
humidity of a region .
Ans . - Humidity refers to the moisture of the atmosphere .
The warmer the air the greater is its capacity to hold mois
ture . The moisture is supplied by evaporation from the
ocean , rivers , lakes , and the moist surface of the earth . The
humidity of any region will vary as the conditions for sup
plying moisture are good or poor . These conditions are
temperature, winds , nearness to the ocean , and conditions
of evaporation .
2. Give all the reasons you can for the larger number of
bays and harbors on the eastern coast of North America
than on the western . Include both land and water move
ments and luences .
Ans . - The principal reason for the numerous bays and
harbors of the Atlantic coast is the sinking of the coast
line , thus submerging the numerous river valleys opening
STATE OF KANSAS 165
into the ocean . On the western coast the ocean deepens

rapidly and no such sinking has taken place .
3. What is meant by a meandering river ? _Under what
conditions do rivers behave in this way ? How do such
rivers deposit their load of material ?
Ans . — The winding of a river in broad curves back and
forth across a valley is called meandering . A wide , nearly
level , flood plane causes a stream to behave in this way.
The load of material is deposited on the inside of the
curves and the floor of the valley is worn away on the out
side of the curves .
4. What is meant by the faulting of rock ? By the fold
ing of rock ? How are these phenomena caused ! Where
are they usually most conspicuous ?
Ans . ( a) The faulting of rock is the interruption of
the continuity of the strata. ( b ) The folding of rock is
the lifting of the strata into great folds or arches .
and ( d ) These phenomena are caused by great upheavals of
( c)
the rock strata and are most conspicuous in mountainous

regions .
5. What are the most generally accepted causes of earth
quakes ? Why is their effect so widespread ?
Ans . —One theory of the cause of earthquakes is that the
expansive force of steam bends or strains the rocks until
there is a sudden break . The impulse thus caused travels
through the earth in a wave -like movement similar to vare
motion of water . It is for this reason that the effect of
an earthquake is so widespread .
6. What are the causes of ocean currents ? How may
they influence climate ? Give examples .
Ans .— The winds cause ocean currents . The trade winds
drive the currents westward in the tropics and the prevail .
ing westerlies drive them eastward in middle latitudes .
These ocean currents , with the help of the winds , may
modify climate to a considerable extent, as , for instance ,
western Europe and western North America .
7. What are monsoon winds ? Where do they blow ? That
causes them ?
The
Ans. - monsoons are the seasonal winds that blow
over India and the Indian Ocean . In the summer high
pressure over the ocean and low pressure over the land
cause the winds to blow toward the land . In the northern
winter the situation is reversed and the winds blow from
the land toward the ocean . The trade winds have a consid
erable influence in developing the monsoons . The southeast
trades swing around to the southwest ard blow on India in
the summer . The northeast trades blow across India to

ward the ocean in winter .
8. What is the best illustration of relief or land forms
influencing ( a ) industries , ( b ) commerce in Kansas, ( c )
industries or commerce in your county ? Explain .
Ans . ( a ) Excellent harbors and good water power deter
mined for New England its manufacturing supremacy in
the United States . ( b ) The large areas of farm lands suit
able for growing wheat , corn , and other products , have deter
mined for Kansas her high rank as an agricultural state.
With this as a basis many other industries have been built
up , such as the great transportation lines and the business
and manufacturing concerns . ( c ) The basis of the indus
tries and commerce in Shawnee County is , as for Kansas
as a whole , the large amount of agricultural land .
AGRICULTURE .
1. How does the raising of cowpeas improve the soil ?
..Ans . - Cowpeas , by means of the root tubercles , gather
nitrogen from the air which enriches the soil ; also the peas
may be plowed under and thus act as manure.
2. Name one annual legume , one biennial and one per
ennial .
Ans . -Annual , pea ; biennial , wild carrot ; perennial , Can
ada thistle .
3. Describe the chinch - bug and the Hessian fly . What
are some of the preventative measures ?
Ans .— The chinch -bug is a small dark -colored insect with
light - colored wings. Each female lays about five hundred
eggs , which hatch in about six weeks . The bugs live upon
juices of the stalks of wheat and corn . Tar ridges , fur
rows, post holes and burning of rubbish are preventatives.
fly
The Hessian small black two winged insect which

is
a
subsists the same manner as the chinch bug They are

in
very difficult get rid All rubbish and stubble should

of
to
be burned
.
planted and how cul

be
How and when should corn

4.
tivated
?
planted with
as be
Ans
In
Kansas corn should lister

a
,
.-
about the first May

or
as
of
soon the soil becomes warm

, .
The first cultivation should

be
with smoothing harrow

a
which kills the young weeds and partially fills the furrow
.
deep
be
as
The cultivation should not too this destroys the

,
lateral roots
.
How can Kansas double her wheat yield per acre

5.
By improved cultivation rotation

of
..Ans crops and

,
,
.-
the application
of
fertilizers
.
STATE OF KANSAS 167
6. What crop makes the best silage , and at what stage of

growth should it be cut ?
Ans . - Corn makes the best silage , and should be cut just
as soon as the grains of corn begin to harden .
7. What is the value of sheep raising to the farmer ?
Ans . — The sheep is easily cared for , matures early , thus
. its
it can be sold for food or kept for
im
It
wool also
.
proves the land on which pastured
it
is
give plan
of
Describe the construction and
8.
modern
. a
chicken house Name three general purpose breeds
.
-
spacious facing the
be
Ans chicken house should
A
,
-
.
with the south exposure mainly glass
of
admit
to
south
,
much sunlight The roosts
be
of
The floor should cement
.
.
Plymouth Rock Wyandotte Rhode Island
be
should low
,
.
Red
9. .
Will soil that well pulverized and compact produce

is
a
better crops than one that loose and cloddy Give
is
?
reasons
. .
Ans Because the finely pulverized compact soil

—
Yes
.
of
evaporation and allows freedom
of
prevents moisture
expansion plant rootlets
to
of .
10. Give best methods planting cultivating and stor ,
.
ing potatoes
.
-
Ans Potatoes should planted

be
early
be as
as
all danger
.
past
of
frost The potato should cut into pieces con

is
.
taining one The ground which should have
or
two eyes
,
.
by
been well prepared deep plowing and pulverizing before

planting should frequently stirred until the vine begins
be
,
storing potatoes they should be dug when

In
to
blossom
,
.
the ground dry thoroughly dried and placed cool bins

in
is
.
i
October 24 and 25 , 1913 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. Discuss teaching the forty -five combinations to be
ginners .
Ans. - Atsticks
first work concrete by using objects
grains
make the
such as of corn , and pictures of common
,
articles cut from advertising pages . In the first year take
the combinations whose sum does not exceed 10. Work
from the concrete to the abstract and lead the child to
substitute figures for the objects . Drill thoroughly until
the sums are readily recognized .
2. Write the following in Roman numerals : 1588 , 1776 ,
1382 , 1861 , 1904 .
Ans. — ,
MDLXXXVIII MDCCLXXVI , MCCCLXXXII ,
MDCCCLXI , MCMIV .
3. In teaching fractions how do you develop the func
tion of ( a ) the numerator ; ( b ) the denominator ?
By means squares divided into equal parts the
.--
of
Ans
meaning
be
of of
fractional unit can illustrated and the

a
equal
of
function the denominator
to
denote the number
parts into which the whole has been divided
or
of
the size
taught Also the function of
be
the fractional unit can

.
show how many

of
the numerator the fractional units
to
are taken can be shown

.
60
30
, 15
farmer has barn feet long feet wide and
4.
,
feet high The triangular gables
on
to
the eaves the ends

.
an
above the line

of
the eaves have each area 150 square of

,
paint the barn
20
feet How much will cents at
to
cost
it
.
square yard
?
a
Solution
:
.sq.sq
15 15
.sq.sq.sq
. ft
.ft .ft
60
XX X
X X
. X X
1800
2 2 2
1 1
.
30
. ft
900
.sq
ft
ft
150 300
Total area = 3000

.sq
ft
.
x .sq
.sq
yds
ft
3000 333
}
.
Cost painting
of
333 .20 66.67

$
}
on a .
of
offered her choice

5.
is
saleswoman 8.50 week

A
$
5
,
per cent
, on
or
week with per cent all sales all sales

a
4
,
She takes the last plan and her sales for year average
a
How much does she gain over each

of
265 week the

$
other two plans

?
Solution
:
by
52
8.50 442.00 Income for year first plan

X
$
.
52 52
==
5.00 260.00
Xx
$ $
$ $
of
%
265 137.80
1
STATE CF KANSAS 169
$ 260.00 + $ 137.80 $ 397.80 Income for 1 year by sec

ond plan .
4 % of $ 13,780.00 $ 551.20 Income for 1 year by third
plan ,
$ 551.20 — - $ 109.20 = Gain over first plan .
$442.00
$551.20 - $397.80 $ 153.40 = Gain over second plan .
6. A man can buy $ 1,750 worth of goods on 90 days '
credit , or he can get them for $ 1,720 cash , which he can
borrow for the 90 days at 6 per cent. Which is the better
plan , and how much better is ? it
Solution :
Interest for 60 da . on $ 1,720 at 6 % $ 17.20
Interest for 30 da . on $ 1,720 at 6 % 8.60
Interest for 90 da . on $ 1,720 at 6 % $25.80

$ 1,720 + $ 25.80 $ 1,745.80 = Cost by borrowing and para
ing cash .
$ 1,750 $ 1,745.80 = Gain by borrowing and pay
$ 4.20 =
ing cash .
7. If6 men can lay the tiles in a large railway station in
16 days , how many men must be added to the job to com
plete it 4 days sooner ?
Solutions One man can do the work in 6 X 16 da . 96
da . It will take as many men to do the work in 12 da . as 12
is contained times in 96 , or 8 men .
8. If a horse is tethered by a 30-foot rope , it can graze
over how many times as much ground as it could if the rope
were 20 feet long ?
Solution : Areas of two circles are to each other as the
squares of their radii .
Small circle : Large circle :: 400 : 900
That is , the large circle is 21 times the small circle .
9 . A boy buys apples at the rate of 5 for 2 cents , and
sells them at the rate of 8 cents a dozen . How many apples
must he buy and sell in order to gain $2 ?
Solution : At 5 for 2 cents he pays 45 cents apiece , or
44 cents per dozen .
8 cents 44 cents 315 cents gain on 1 dozen .
$ 2.00 = $.032 621 No. of doz. he must buy to gain
$ 2.00 .
10. The difference of time between the Harvard and
Columbia observatories is 8 minutes 22.7 seconds . What is
the difference in longitude ?
Solution : 1 hr . corresponds to 15 °
1 min . of time corresponds to 15'
1 sec . of time corresponds to 15 "
8 min . of time corresponds to 8 X 15 ' = 120 ' = 2 °.
22.7 sec . of time corresponds to 22.7 X 15 " 340.5 "

5' 40.5 " .
Therefore the difference of longitude between Harvard
and Columbia observatories is 2 ° 5' 40.5 " .
ALGEBRA .
1. What is a negative number or quantity ? How is such
a quantity denoted in algebra ?
Ans . - A negative number or quantity is opposite in qual
ity to a positive number or quantity . Thus , if
distance to
the right is positive , then distance to the left is negative .
If assets are positive, then liabilities are negative The .
negative number , when combined with a positive number ,
will annul it , just as two forces acting in directly opposite
directions tend to annul each other. The negative number
is denoted in algebra by prefixing the minus
2. What must be oùserved in the addition of terms con
(
- ) sign .
In
sisting of both positive and negative quantities ?
Ans . - the addition of terms consisting of both positiv
and negative quantities , add the positive terms and neg
ative terms separately , then take the difference of these
sums and prefix the sign of the greater .
3. Simplify the following expressions :
1. ( a - b ) - [ ( c , d) - ( 1-1 ) ] + (g - h ).
2. ( 3x +57 ) - [ ( 73—2y ) -8x — 4y ] + (x − y ) .
Solution :
1. ( amb ) - [ ( C — d ) - ( e– f ) ] + ( 9 – h )
= a4b - c +dte - f + g - h.
2. ( 3x +5y ) - [ ( 7c - 2y ) -81-4y ] + ( - y )
= 3x +57–7x + 2y + 8x +4y + x - y
= 5x + 10y .
4. Perform the operations indicated :
1. ( 5x3—3 + 11 :27–4442 ) X ( 2x2 + 3y2 - cy ) .
2. ( 05-45 ) = ( 3 - y) .
Solution :
1. (5x3——43+ 11x2y — 4xy2 ) X ( 2x2 + 3y2_xy )
= 10x5 + 17x4y — 4x3y2 + 35x2y3—11xy4—3y5 .
2. ( x5–45 ) = ( x - 7 ) =x4 + x3y +x2y2 + xy3 + y4.
5. Define the following : equation , simple equation , simul
taneous equations, radical , exponent .
Ans .- ( a) An equation is a statement that the numerical
value of two expressions is the same . (b) If
the equation ,
its
in simplest integral form contains the unknown number

is ,
the first degree only simple equation Simul

(
of
it
c
,
by
.
be
taneous equations are those that can satisfied the

An indicated root
of
of
same values the unknowns

d
a
(
)
.
STATE OF KANSAS 171
quantity is called a radical . ( e) An exponent is a number

placed above and to the right of another number and, if a
positive integer , indicates the number of times the base is
taken as a factor .
6. Write the factors :
1. x4--1644 .
2. 49x4 - 28x2 + 4 .
3. a2 — 5a + 4.
Solution :
1. 24—16y4 = (x + 2y ) ( x - 2y ) ( x2 + 4y2 )
2. 49x4—28x2 + 4 = 1782—2 ) 2
3. a2_5a +4 = ( ) ( a-- 4 ) 0-1
-1
7. Solve :
2x + 3 23 2 + 3
+
10 4x + 2 5
Solution :
2x + 3 2.30 -1 2+ 3
+ ( 1)
10 4.3 + 2 5
Multiplying (
1) by 10 ( 2x + 1
4x2 + 83 + 3 + 10x — 5 = 4x2 + 14x + 6 (2)
Transposing and collecting terms in ( 2)
4x = 8 (3)
Dividing ( 3 ) by 4
X = 2 (4)

73 + 4y = 95 .
2y = . - -7
Solution :
7x + 4y = 95 ( 1)
x – 2y = —7
Multiply (2) by 2
2.x 4y = 14 ( 3)
Add ( 1 ) and ( 3 )
9.c : 81 (4)
Divide ( 4 ) by 9
9 (5 )
Substitute 9 for x in ( 2 )

9 – 2y = -7 (6)
2y -16
Divide by –y=8
2
= ( 7)
(8)
Check : Substitute values of x and y in ( 1 )
63 + 32 95
95 = 95
Similarly substitute in ( 2 )
9 — 16 = -7
-7 = -7
9. The length of a rectangular floor exceeds the width
by 6 feet . If
the width be increased by 3 feet and the
length by 2 feet , the area is increased by 134 square feet .
Find the area .
Solution :
Let 3 = No. of feet wide
Then a + 6 = No. of feet long
and x ( x + 6 ) No. of sq . ft . in area
rectangle
x + 3 = No. of feet in the width of second
and x + 6 + 2 = No. of feet in the length of second rec
tangle
and ( 2 + 3 ) ( x + 8 ) = No. of sq . ft . in area of second rec
tangle .
( 2 + 3 ) ( x + 8 ) — 3 ( x + 6 ) = 134 ( 1)
Multiplying out in ( 1 )
x2 + 11x + 24 — 22 - 6x = 134 (2)
52 : 110 (3)
Dividing by 5
= 22 (4 )
X
Then a + 6 = 28
and area = 22 X 28 X 1 sq . ft . 616 sq . ft .
equally among a certain
10. A sum of money is divided
number of men . If
there were four more men , each would
les
receive $ i less ; if 5 men each would receive more

$
2
.
,
Find the number of men

.
Solution
:
Let = No. of men

y 2
And = No. of dollars each

.
of
Then xy dollars distributed

=
No.
.
No. men by first condition

of
+
x
y 4
And = No. of dollars each by first condition

1
) :
of
And No. dollars distributed

=
.
of(y
+
1
4
)
-
x
(
—5 No. men by second condition

+=
2
And No. of dollars by second condition

y
2
) -
No. of dollars distributed

+
And
.
-5
2
)
(a
we have these equations
-
Hence
:
xy
=
2 1
—
+
) )
( (
y
in 1
x x
( ) )
)
(
= xy
( (
+
y
2
5
(
)
Multiplying out and

2
1
)
(
)
STATE OF KANSAS 173
xy + 4y -4 = XY ( 3)
23c
xy — 5y + 10 = XY (4)
2 4y -4
==
-
5y
10
(6)
—
2.
-8 by
Multiplying
8y =
2
(
)
2.
—
( 7)
Subtracting from
6
7
(
)
)
(
by18
3y
=
8
(
)
Dividing
3
=
y
9
(
)
Substituting for
in
4 y
5
)
(
—
24
=
3

=
10
20
*
(
)
Therefore there were 20 men
.
UNITED STATES HISTORY
.
Discuss the Whisky Insurrection and its historical
1
.
significance
.
Ans The thought levying the whisky tax was

—
accus
to
in
.
taxation by the general government

to
tom the people
A
re
.
bellion against the tax western Pennsylvania caused the
in
. to
Federal Government send out troops The insurrection .

was speedily suppressed
Discuss the conditions Europe prior the discovery to
in
2.
of America
.
—
Ans The people had very little liberty and were sub
.
ject everywhere the caprices rulers There was much

of
to
ignorance even among the best educated

as
to
the world
,
,
especially the western world The toiling masses were
.
be
longing for lands which homes could made and

in
in
which independence could
be
secured
.
Discuss the critical period

of
government
3.
our
The
.
critical period was when the young govern

.—
Ans
; .
ment was trying adapt itself many

to
difficult situations
to
the self assertion state governments

of
financial ques
;
-
of
of
tions the weakness the Articles Confederation our

;
;
relations with foreign governments and disputes over land

,
the Republic
of
of
claims But the wisdom the founders

.
all
find satisfactory
to
was able those questions and

to
meet
solutions
.
4.
What was the historical significance

of
the Ostend
Manifesto
In ?
Ans 1854 President Franklin Pierce instructed

-
.
Great Britain John

Y.
James Buchanan minister Mason

to
;
,
to ,
Spain
to
minister France and Pierrie Soulé minister

to
,
meet at Ostend , Belguim , to confer as to the best means

of acquiring Cuba . The ministers issued the Manifesto
advising that the United States acquire Cuba by purchase
if possible ; by force if necessary . The impending troubles
caused by slavery made a serious consideration of the Mani
festo impossible .
5. State the leading features of the tariff of ( a ) 1828 ;
( b ) 1832 ; (c )
McKinley bill ; ( á ) 1913 .
Ans. ( a ) Duties laid on cotton and woolen fabrics .
(b ) This was a compromise tariff . It was provided that
duties were to be reduced gradually until 1842 at which
time a tariff for revenue only would be in force . ( c ) Many
articles were placed on the free list and duties were re
duced on many other articles .
6. Briefly trace our territorial expansion .
Ans . - See August number , 1913 , WESTERN SCHOOL
JOURNAL , Page 216 .
7. Discuss the Hay - Pauncefote treaty .
Ans . - See Page 165 , WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL , 1913 .
8. Discuss the best method of using biography in teach
ing history .
Ans . — There is a great deal of history in biography and
it does not always find its way into the school history .
Hence , the importance of reading biographies of statesmen ,
generals and others.
9. Why did neither Clay nor Webster ever become presi
dent ?
Ans . Difficult to explain . The positions taken by both
on the slavery question had much to do with the failure
of each to become president . It may be, too , that a cer .
tain positiveness and aggressiveness may have had its in
fluence .
10. What aids and devices do you use in teaching his
tory
?
Ans Biographies maps pictures statuettes charts

—
,
.

.

of
1.
disease
.
—
The bacterial theory

is of
Ans disease better called the

is
.
bacterial fact for the theory well demonstrated fact

a
,
Not all diseases are caused by bacteria but many diseases

,
tuberculosis and diphtheria are caused

as
such pneumonia
It
,
by bacteria and by no other means that

is
believed
.
these one celled vegetable parasites after entering the body

-
multiply rapidly produce virulent poisons

a or
break down
,
,
of tissues The body cells once produce neutralizing

at
.
anti poison anti toxin which rapidly

or
manufactured
if
,
-
-
BTATE OF KANSAS 175
enough , will restore the patient .

2. Name the digestive fluids and give functions of each .
Ans .- ( 1) Saliva , including mucus , dissolves food , lubri.
cates food , softens food and changes a small part of the
starches into sugar . ( 2 ) Gastric juice kills some bacteria ,
curds milk , changes protein foods to a liquid form called
peptone . ( 3) Bile kills some bacteria , lubricates the food ,
aids in the digestion of fat , “ moves the bowels . (4)
Pancreatic juice changes starches into sugar , proteins into
peptone and splits fats into glycerine and acids . ( 5 ) In .
testinal juice splits double sugars ( as can sugar ) in single
sugars_ (as grape sugar ).
3. Discuss the source , distribution and regulation of
heat of the body.
Ans.- ( 1) Sources: External , as artificial , solar, etc.,
and internal , as the oxidation of foods and friction . ( 2 )
Distribution : By circulation of the blood and by conduc
tion or the direct passing of heat from a part of the body
more highly heated to an adjacent cooler part . ( 3 ) Regula
tion : By heat generation controlled by general and special
thermogenetic nerve centers in brain and cord ; and by
heat expenditure controlled by the vaso dilator , vaso con .
strictor and sweating centers and nerves . These , together
with the blood vessels and sweat glands enable the body to
get rid of heat by radiation , conduction and evaporation.
4. Explain : (a ) How we hear . ( b ) How children fre
quently injure their eyes .
Ans . ( a) Sound waves , generated by vibrating bodies ,
enter the external ear and throw the drum membrane into
vibration . This in turn throws into vibration the mallet ,
anvil and stirrup bones , the membrane of the oval window
and the fluids of the internal ear or labyrinth . These
vibrations affect the minute beginnings of the auditory
nerves , exciting them in such a manner as to cause nerve
messages to be carried to the hearing centers of the brain .
exciting them to activity . This in some unknown way oc
casions a feeling known as a sensation of sound , or for
short , a sound . ( b ) By reading print that is too fine ; or
by reading in light that is too bright , too dim or too
flickering ; or by using the eyes too many hours per day
on difficult work .
5. Locate and describe the diaphragm , femur , cerebellum ,
and patella .
.-
Ans ( 1) Between chest cavity and abdominal cavity ;
-
a muscular partition with tendinous center , dome shaped
with circumference attached to breast bone , ribs and spine .
( 2 ) In the thigh , reaching from hip joint to knee joint ;
a “ long ” bone consisting of cylindrical s.aft and enlarged ,

spongy , cartilage - padded ends . ( 3 ) In lower rear portion
of skull , below rear end of cerebrum and back of and
partly above the medulla ; reddish gray color with fine
parallel ridges on surface. (
4) On the neutral side of
the knee joint ; rounded and somewhat flattened .
6. What is the cause and nature of Bright's disease ?
Ans . — The excessive use of alcoholic liquors and severe
colds are the commonest causes . ( 2 ) An inflamed condi
tion of the kidney tubules , causing the cells lining these
uriniferous tubules to die and leave the tubules with the
urine . In this condition the kidney cannot take the urea ,
and uric acid from the blood , but it lets great quantities
of albumen escape . Frequently a dropsical condition fol
lows , with more or less severe spasms .
7. Describe the structure and functions of glands of
.-
the skin .
Ans ( 1 ) Sweat glands are simple, tubular glands lined
with cells ; oil glands are compound pouched glands. ( 2)
Sweat glands take water , salts and urea from the blood .
The lachrymal glands for making tears, the meibomian
glands in the edges of the eye lids and the ceruminous
glands for making the ear wax are sometimes included in .
the list of glands of the skin .
8. Locate and describe the pancreas and discuss fully
the digestive work of the pancreatic juice .
Ans.— ( 1) Back of the lower border of the stomach ; a ,
flat , tapering organ , the large end of which rests in the
bend of the duodenum
its
a few inches from beginning
.
large compound gland producing daily several pints
of It
is
a
pancreatic juice which discharges through the pan

it
It
creatic duct into the duodenum elaborates several

2
(
)
.
important enzymes amylopsin which changes starch to

:
sugar typsin which splits the proteins into peptones and

;
lipase which splits the fats into glycerine and acids Still
.
other enzymes together with important internal secretions

the pancreas make this very important organ
of
How are you applying the principles

9.
of
sanitation and
hygiene
in
the school room

?
Ans Personal question depending upon the applicant

—
,
.
Discuss thoroughly the effect

of
10. alcohol and tobacco

of
on the cells the body

.
re
such are poison and

as
Ans Both are narcotic and

—
.
Alcohol unless highly diluted

of
tard the growth cells

,
,
.
an irritant the cells lining the stomach causing

as
to
acts
,
be
and thus delaying digestion

to
more mucus secreted

of ,
strong alcoholic liquors upon

or
more less The action

.
STATE OF KANSAS 177
the brain cells is to to shrivel them slightly by extracting

water from them . The cells composing the vagus nerve
center are partly paralyzed , thus removing the retarding
the
power of vagus nerves upon the heart and quickening
of
its action Alcohol changes the shape the red corpuscles
.
and interferes with their function
.
GEOGRAPHY
.
on
production map Mis
of
Wirat would you place
1.
a
souri
?
Ans Corn wheat grasses apples pears oats sorghum

,
, ,
. ,
,
.-
wool coal zinc lead lumber

,
,
,
What are isothermal lines

2.
?
Ans Lines which connect places and regions having the
—
.
same temperature
.
Where How was What

3.
is
Guam acquired
is
it
?
?
its value the government that owns
) to
it
?
.
Ans An island belonging
in
the United States
to
a
(
the Ladrone group about
of
thousand miles east the
a
Philippines From Spain after the war Chiefly

(b
c
)
(
)
.
.
coaling station
as
4. a
Why are the following named cities important com

mercial centers Cairo Africa Manila Amsterdam
(
),
,
:
Europe Bombay Odessa

.-
?
,
( ),
(
of
It
Ans near the mouth the Nile and near

is
a
,
)
is
of
the eastern coast the Mediterranean situated It

of (b
.
Bay
c on
Manila and the chief seaport the Philippines

is
,
junction
at
of
Because situated the the Amstel

is
( . it
)
(
and rivers The last named river an arm of the

Y
is
Zuyder Zee favorably situated

It
relation
in
to
the
is
a
)
.
Suez Canal and European trade with India and has good
railway communications with the interior
of
India
e
(
)
.
Its situation on the northern coast of the Black Sea makes

distributing port for the wheat
of
southern Russia
it
5. a
from Philadelphia
in of
On voyage the island

to
a
profitable for sale

be
Zante Greece what goods would

,
, ,
profitable bring back

be
Zante and what goods would

to
Phiadelphia
to
Ans Iron steel machinery Olives and cur

.-
b
a
,
(
)
(
)
.
rants
.
Compare Alabama and Michigan geographical

to
as
6.
situation productions and climate

,
,
Ans Alabama situated on the Gulf of Mexico Pro

is
-
.
ductions Cotton sweet potatoes corn Climate varies from

,
,
,
:
temperate semi ropical Michigan situated between

to
of is
.
-t
the northern boundary

at
Great Lakes the United States

.
Productions : Wheat , dairy products , apples , wool. Climate :

Cold in winter ; temperate to hot in summer .
7. Where is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado ? Ini
what state does the Colorado rise ? through what states does
it flow ? into what water ?
Ans.- ( a ) In the northern part of Arizona . ( b ) It is
formed in the southwestern part of Utah by the junction
of the Green River from the north , and the Grand from
the northeast . It
flows through Utah , Arizona , between
Nevada and Arizona , and between Arizona and California
through Mexico into the Gulf of California .
8. Why has Patagonia disappeared from the maps ?
Ans. It has been incorporated chiefly into Argentina ,
and partly into Chili .
.
9. What are the several forms of government in Rou
mania , Russia , Greece , Portugal , and Liberia ?
Ans ( a ) Limited monarchy . ( 6 ) Despotic but modified
a little in modern times by the Duma , a semi- representa
tive body . ( c ) Limited monarchy . ( d ) Republic . ( e)
Republic .
10. What aids would you use in the teaching of
geography ?
Ans . - All kinds of maps , products of
all
sorts stereo
,
scopic views pictures from all possible sources
of
books
,
,
travel good fiction
,
BOOKKEEPING
.
1-6 Journalize the following transactions

:
.
Oct. John Doe began business this day with assets and
as
liabilities follows
:
ASSETS
.
Cash 1,000
$
.
Note against Jones 640

J.
C.
Note against
C. A.
Bell 300
C.
Note against W. Cole 600

LIABILITIES
.
B.
A.
He owes Cone on account 400

..
Has note outstanding for 200

..
a
Bought mdse C. Cole giving note

of
E.
2.
Oct. pay
in
,
.
ment 800
$
.
Sold mdse Bone on acct

to
D. C.
5. 4. 3.
G. .260
.
Bought mdse Sayre on acct

of on of
H.
890
.
, .
Jones less dis

of
J.
C.
Received cash note

count face note 640 discount 8.30
,
$
;
$
,
:
.
on
C.
Bone gave
G.
his note 150 and

6.
acct
$
,
,
.
cash 100
D. .
Sayre note apply

H.
on
350
to
8.
Gave account
.
STATE OF KANSAS 179
9. Paid cash for postage , stationery , and books ... 20

10. Bought store and lot for $ 1,300 . Paid cash ,
$500 ; gave note for balance .
11. Paid in cash , less discount , note held by D. H.
Sayre : face of note , $350 ; discount, $6.
12. Sold mdse . to M. A. Stevenson on his note ..... 460
14. Sold mdse . to R. P. Reed for $ 400. Received in
payment note for $250 ; balance on acct .
OCT . 1, 1913 .
Cash $ 1000 00
Bills Rec . 1540 00
To John Doe $2540 00
1
John Doe 400 00
To A. B. Cone 400 00
1
John Doe 200 00
To Bills Pay . 200 00
2
Mdse . 800 00
To Bills Pay . 800
3
G. C. Bone 260 00
To Mdse . 260 00
4
Mdse . 890 00
To D. H. Sayre 890 00
5
Cash 631 70
Discount 8 | 30
To Bills Rec . 640 00
6
Bills Rec . 150 00
Cash 100 00
To G. C. Bone 250 00
8
D. H. Sayre 350 00
To Bills Pay . 350 00
9
Expense 20 00
To Cash 20 00
10
Real Estate 1300 00
To Cash 500 00
66 Bills Pay . 800 00
11
Bills Pay . 350 00
To Cash 344 00
66 Discount 6 00
12
Bills . Rec . 460 00
To Mdse . 460 00
14
Bills Rec . 250 00
R. P. Reed 150 00
To Mdse . 400 00
7-10 . From the following trial balance and inventories

find the net loss or gain and the present worth :
Dr. Cr .
Amos Brant , proprietor 100 $ 3,000
Mdse . 6,000 5,000
Expense. 100
Interest . 80 130
Real estate 4,000 1,000
Cash . 7,000 5,000
Bills receivable 2,000 1,500
J.C. Bales 500 1,000
A. C. Cone 200 1,200
Bills payable 500 2,650
Mdse . unsold , $ 2,000 .
Real estate on hand valued at 2,800 .
Answer :
STATE CF KANSAS 181
Dr. Cr .
Amos Brant , Prop . 100 00 $ 3,000 00

Mdse ... 6,000 00 5,000 00
Expense . 100 00
Interest . 80 00 130 00
Real Estate 4,000 00 1,000 00
Cash . 7,000 00 5,000 00
Bills Rec . 2,000 1,500 | 00
J. C. Bales 500 1,000 00
A. C. Cone 200 00 1,200 00
Bills Pay . 500 00 2,650 00
Totals . $ 20,480 00 $ 20,480 00
SUMMARY .
Resources :
Mdse . unsold . . $ 2,000.00
Real estate value 2,800.00
Cash on hand 2,000.00
Notes Rec . , on hand 500.00
Total . $ 7,300.00
Liabilities :
Accts . Pay . to creditors . . $ 1,500.00
Notes Pay ., outstanding 2,150.00
Total . $ 3,650.00
Present worth $ 3,650.00

Net credit 2,900.00
Net gain 750.00
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Give a crédit of two for each word spelled ccrrectly .
Filament , licorice , marmalade , bilious , piccalilli, hemorrhage,
diabetes , resuscitate , domicile , marriageable , Shakespeare ,
surcingle , heinous , supersede , hautboy , veracity , annotation ,
troubadour , trousseau , sacrament, calcimine , vignette, tace
-
turn , regime, suite .
2. Indicate the correct pronunciation of chauffeur ,
bouquet , equipage , lichen , tomato .
Ans . - See the dictionary .
3. Define the following suffixes and give an illustration
ile
of each : en , mit , ish age

.-
,
as ,
to
Ans To ºmake enrage

as
send remit
a
b
,
,
(
)
(
)
.
.
( c ) Able to be , as puerile . ( a ) Like , as girlish . (e )

State of , as herbage .
4. What incentives do you use to secure proficiency in
spelling ?
5. Name two particulars in which written spelling is more
valuable than oral .
Ans. - One seldom is required to spell orally after leaving
school . In teaching, usually each pupil is required to spell
every word in written spelling , but not always nor often
in oral spelling . In written spelling neatness in writing ,
and accuracy in marking accents are taught incidentally .
6. Define triograph and diphthong and give illustration
of each .
Ans .- ( a) A combination of letters representing a single
sound as eau in beau . ( b ) A union of two vowels forming
a compound sound pronounced in one syllable , ou in out .
Websters Secondary School Dictionary .
MODERN HISTORY .
( Answer any five . )
1. What was the Consulate in French history ?
Ans. It was the form of government from 1799 until
1804. Originally , the power_was in the hands of three
consuls , but gradually the First Consul — Bonaparte - as
sumed nearly all authority .
2. Associate an important event with each of the follow
ing named persons : Mazzini , Louis Philippe , Metternich ,
Necker , Victor Emmanuel , II .
Ans. ( a) The leader of the republican party in Italy
in the stages preliminary to the unification of the kingdom .
( b) King of France from 1830 until 1848. The remains
of Napoleon were restored to France in the reign of Louis .
( c) He was active in organization of the Holy Alliance .
( d) He was minister of finance under Louis XVI of France
but his efforts to raise money failed . ( e ) The first king
of United Italy .
3. What changes have been and are advocated by the
Social Democrats in Germany ?
Ans . —Material reductions in the army and navy ; the
promotion of peace with other nations ; a more democratic
government.
4. What and why was the Schleswig - Holstein War ?
Ans . - Germany had been claiming Schleswig - Holstein
from Denmark for a long time on tre ground of original
possession . The death of Frederick VII of Denmark gave
the opportunity for a more strenuous claim . Denmark was
STATE CF KANSAS 183
too weak to make much resistance and Germany took the

provinces in 1864 .
5. What stage has home rule for Ireland reached ?
Ans . — The bill for home rule has been passed by the
House of Commons twice and was rejected by the House
of Lords . If the House of Commons passes it a third
time it becomes law without the concurrence of the House
of Lords . A vote is expected in May.
6 What changes have taken place in the Balkan strug .
gle ?
Ans . — The war has ceased . Bulgaria and Turkey are ,
or have been , working together .
7. What is meant by the " dual monarchy ' in Austria
Hungary ?
Ans . There are two parts , the Austrian Empire and the
its
Hungarian Kingdom . Each state has own parliament
,
the Austrian body sitting Vienna the Hungarian Buda
at
at
,
third parliament consisting 60 delegates from
of
Pest
A
.
the other two parliaments regulates finances the

of
each
,
,
army and foreign relations
.
Name five aids you would use the teaching
of
8.
in
Modern History
.
Ans Maps plane and relief biographies pictures and

—
;
,
.
statuettes good fiction poetry

;
LITERATURE
.
Give the meaning the following knight

of
of
1.
each
"
blade roystering
sumptuous :
',
errant piqued
,
"
, ,
'
"
so
withe issonerous whilom

,"
"
promise
.- ,
( ”
'
in .
'
knight who traveled ad

Ans of
search
A
or ( a ." in a
“
)
ventures which to exhibit military skill prowess and

,
. ,
by
of
To
generosity anger wounding the pride

(b
(c
)
Splendid )
or
Acting blustering manner luxurious

in
d
.
(
)
twig Bur
, as
promise flexible band

A
used
a
e
(
f)
. .
)
Formerly
.
of
densome oppressive old

9
(
)
.
Where was the Grand Pre What was the character

2
?
.
of
its people
It ?
of
on
an
, of
Ans the Basin Mines inlet

is
the
a
,
, of .
(
)
Bay Fundy Nova Scotia Honest industrious

re
b
,
,
(
)
.
ligious simple life kind and hospitable

in
of
3. Reproduce paragraph two the substance

or
in
a
The Soldier's Reprieve

“
”
.
'

.
What historical incident can you associate with the

4
.
Legend Sleepy Hollow

of
?
"
'
'
Ans . — The capture and execution of Major Andre , the

British spy in the Revolutionary War .
5. Name five of Washington Irving's works .
Ans. - History of Columbus ; Rip Van Winkle ; Legend of
Sleepy Hollow ; Conquest of Granada ; Life of Washington ,
6. How would you explain to a class the following :
" wimpling wanes ," " patriarchal demeanor , '' ' tremulous
glance , ' ' garrulous landlord , " demoniac laughter ?”
Ans.- ( a ) Should have been printed “ wimpling waves.”
Having the bearing of
lie
plaited
) as
To folds
A if
in
(6
)
by
.
an old man glance affected fear timidity
or
.
in be.
(
Over talkative landlord Laughter supposed
to
(d
e
-
)
(
)
.
like demon's
a
Lincoln are brought out
of
7.
What characteristics
The Perfect Tribute
?
“
"
Ans Overflowing kindness deep sympathy charity love
,
.-
even for enemies when misfortune in

a ,
.
How does literature help you
to
wide knowledge
of
8.
teach reading
?
Ans Reading cannot the highest sense properly
be
in
—
,
.
taught without wide knowledge of literature What
is
a
.
be
reading can taught but the
of
termed the mechanics
,
spiritual element can not sympathy with
be
in
One must
.
the writers from whose works the extracts are taken to

teach with the spirit and with the understanding
to
What means would you use lead children love
to
9.
the best literature

?
By
at by
Ans talking especially
to
them about the best

—
by,
.
by
private conversation lending books directing

or
,
;
tention to the books the school home library

or
in
.
biographies
of
What and auta

is
10. the value the best

biographies
?
Ans showing that the life every person there

of
—
in
The
.
struggling with adversities the learn

or
of
is
more less
a
,
ing
by
that mistakes were made even great persons the

;
teaching loyalty
of
to
persistency duty heroism

of
lessons
,
,
to
the reaching out after the best life inspiration nobler

in
living from noble lives

.
MUSIC
.
What the major Illustrate

is
scale
1
?
.
in
.
Ans which major seconds occur be

A
scale
a
(
)
tween all adjacent scale degrees except 3-4 and 7-8 which
,
In
are minor seconds other words which tones

in
scale
) - a
,
.
upward from tonic follow order two steps one half

in
step three steps one half step For the applicant

b
,
.
-
.
STATE OF KANSAS 185
2. Name the steps necessary in presenting any musical

problem .
Ans . — Hear , observe , name , represent , reproduce.
.
3. What is a round and of what value is it in teaching
music ?
Ans ( a ) A composition in which two or more voices or
parts sing the same melody but begin at different times ,
thus producing harmony after the second entrance . All
parts return from the end to the beginning , and repeat in
order ad libitum ; hence the name , round . ( b ) It is sup
posed to afford useful and interesting drill in independent
part singing . The present writers believe that the value
of the round for purposes of musical education is greatly
over -estimated . Its musical singing implies ability and
independence which can be more profitably exercised in
the study of suitable part music .
4. Write on a staff the key signatures and locate do in
the following keys : G , A , E , A flat , B , E flat .
5. Write four measures of America in the Key of G.
Ans . —For the applicant .
6. ( a ) What is an interval ? ( b ) What is a chorus ?
Ans . (a ) The pitch relation between two tones . ( b )
Music for several or many voices , either in unison or in
harmony. The assemblage of singers who sing such music
is called a chorus .
7. Name the syllables of the chromatic scale , ascending
and descending .
Ans. - Ascending : Do , Di, Re , Ri, Mi , Fa , Fi , So ( 1), Si ,

La , _Li , Ti , Do. Descending : Do , Ti, Te , La , Le , So ( 1) ,
Se , Fa , Mi , Me , Re , Ra , Do. ( Italics name chromatic tones ) .
NOTE.It will be observed above that the usual " 1' of
syllable “ Sol ” has been placed in parenthesis. Except for ,
the standpat reason that the letter happened to be there a
thousand years ago when the syllables were appropriated
for musical use , there is no more reason for Sol than for
Dol . Why not eliminate the superfluous ?
8. Explain the of the F clef .
significance Illustrate .
Ans.- ( a) The clef is placed on the fourth line of staff
F
to make that line represent the first F below middle C.
The pitch meaning of other staff degrees is determined by
reckoning alphabetically upward and downwar om clef
line . The clef is thus a key to the pitch meaning of the
staff , and the word clef is from clavis , meaning key . ( b )
For the applicant .
AGRICULTURE .
1. How has the national government helped to develop
agriculture ?
Ans . — By donations of land to the states , from the pro
ceeds of which agricultural colleges have been established .
Experiment stations have been established in each state .
A cabinet department which collects information , etc .;
distributing free bulletins and year -books on application :
2. Mention four conditions favorable to the germination
of seeds and tell the effect of each .
Ans . - A certain amount of soil , heat , moisture , air and
sometimes light . Soil , though not absolutely essential , is
useful in affording a medium through which other agencies
perform their work. Heat hastens the process , moisture
softens and distends the parts , the oxygen vitalizes the
embryo .
3. Of what value is crop rotation ? State some principles
to be followed in planning a rotation .
Ans. - It keeps up the humus supply of the field , pro
vides a balance of plant food , gets greater number ofa
crops in a limited time, and systematizes farming . A gen .
is to rotate crops so as to employ the
all
eral principle
the best paying crops estimate
on
farmer's time decide
,
,
and fix the rotation

acreage accordance
in
proper
a
.
cut for silage
be
When should corn and cane Give

4
.
?
directions for filling the silo and state fully the advan
,
tages the farmer

.--of
the silo
to
Ans Corn should cut when the stalk begins

be
ripen
to
grain begins The cane when
or
when the glaze

to
it
, is
.
The stalks are shredded moistened dry

or
almost mature
,
by
in .
and placed the silo machinery The silo preserves

.
and saves the rough feed form for use

in
convenient
a
Explain fully why and how twisting wire around

5.
tree affects its growth

a
affects the tree by causing an unnatural

-It
byen
Ans
.
largement
of
the trunk above the wire This

to is
caused
. of of
the stoppage sap

of
the return current the roots

.
This interference retards the growth the tree

.
fair average yield per

of
What acre How

6.
is
wheat
a
plant an acre
be
much wheat should

to
used
?
—
Ans The average for Kansas about fifteen bushels

is
.
One and one fourth bushels

to
should be sown the acre

do is -
The amount determined by the soil and climate

.
alfalfa and clover roots improve the soil

7.
How
?
do
How they differ from corn roots

?
-
alfalfa and clover are partly covered

of
Ans The roots

.
STATE OF KANSAS 187
with tubercles, caused by bacteria . These gather nitrogen

which enriches the soil . Corn is an annual , its roots are
smooth and devoid of tubercles .
8. Mention four advantages of keeping cows on the
farm .
Ans . — They furnish milk and butter for the family at
first cost . They are money makers . Their food is , in part ,
the waste products of the farm crops and the stable litter
becomes a farm fertilizer .
9. Name the leading breeds of hogs raised in Kansas ,
and mention some quality in which each excels .
Ans . — Poland China , Chester -White , Berkshire and Duroc
Jersey . Each breed has ardent advocates of superiority
its
.
claimed the Poland China matures early and fattens
It
is
early The Duroc Jersey prolific offspring grows
in
is
,
-
.
large and carries extreme weight
on
small bone The Ches
.
very hardy stock
an
ter White The Berkshire easy
is
is
a
-
to .
so
feeder and not susceptible disease
.
10 What soil and climatic conditions are necessary
to
.
bring good wheat crop maturity

to
a
?
Ans.- Wheat will grow almost any well drained soil
on
,
clay loam
on
but does best grows

It
cool temperate
in
. a
,
.
and warm climates
READING
.
be
for
Describe the preparation which should made
1.
the recitation reading by pupil using the First

in
by (1
a
by
Reader pupil using the Fifth Reader

1 2
a
;
.
be( (
) )
Ans Preparation pupil using the First Reader

.-
mainly reviewing what has already been taught

he
should
.
He may examine the words identifying
in
the new lesson

,
he
those which the lesson contains

in
if
has learned and

he ;
.
teresting subject matter may try find out the mean
to
,
ing so tell the story

as
so
as
his own words and

in
to
to
read easily from the book Reading considerable

а
it
.
.
matter adapted
to
good
of
amount his advancement

(2 is
in
general preparation for any recitation reading The

)
.
pupil using the Fifth Reader should not only read the
lesson carefully but should look up the meaning
of
words
in
find answers
or
designated advance and should form

the subject matter proposed advance by the teacher
on
in
.
he
Occasionally required memorize appropriate

be
to
may
Practice expressive reading also excellent
in
is
selections
.
preparation for the recitation

.
By what means would you secure the attention

of
2.
the
class
-
while one of the pupils is reading ?
Ans . Attention may be secured by varying the form of
the recitation . Sometimes it is well to let the class follow
the reader with open books ; sometimes with books closed
they may listen for the purpose of gaining the thought or
to find occasions for correction or criticism . The atten
tion of the other members of the class is held better if the
pupil reciting is occasionally permitted to read from an
interesting story or article which they have not previously
seen or heard .
3. What is the advantage, if any , in requiring several
pupils in succession to read aloud in the recitation the same
selection , paragraph , or stanza ? What objection , if any ,
is there to this practice ?
Ans .— One advantage in having the same selection read
by several pupils in succession is the opportunity for cor
recting mistakes or for improving the manner of exprés
sion . A serious disadvantage is the loss of interest and at
tention which naturally results from too frequent repeti
tion . Attention cannot be sustained long unless the object
changes .
4. How may pupils be induced to read magazines and
books other than text -books ? Why is such reading profit
able ?
Ans. — The chief requisite is
the furnishing of an
abundance of suitable material . Most normal children wel .
come the opportunity to read well written articles , stories
and books relating to subjects within their range of inter
ests . Such reading is profitable on account of the informa
tion acquired , the increase in vocabulary, the cultivation of
the habit of reading , and the cultivation of an apprecia
tion of what is excellent in literature .
5. What mental and physical processes are involved in
oral recding ? What is the effect of practice on any two
of these ?
Ans.Some of the mental processes : attention , per
ception , conception of meaning , imagination , thinking ,
emotional response , volition , hearing , the sense of muscular
action , etc. Physical processes : muscular activity involved
in taking the proper attitude , articulation , breathing , vocal
ization , facial expression , gesture , etc. Bypractice , the
rapidity with which words are perceived may be greatly
increased ; proper breathing may also be developed by
practice , which results in better tone quality and appropri
ate phrasing :
6. What is meant by a child's vocabulary ? How may it
be enlarged ?
STATE CF KANSAS 189
Ans . - A child's vocabulary consists of the words whose

meaning the child knows and which he is capable of using .
The two principal ways by which the child may increase
his vocabulary are by reading and by listening to the talk
of well - informed persons.
7. For what purpose would you require the use of the
dictionary by pupils in connection with the study of the
reading lesson ?
The
Ans
the dictionary valuable for the pur
of
use
is
pronunciation and for the
.-
pose of determining correct
definition words whose meaning
of not precisely known
is
.
What substitute for the dictionary available
in
is
the
8
.
lower grades how may the purposes
in
mentioned
e
of to ?
.,
i.
your answer the preceding question
be
accomplished with
out the use dictionary by pupils
a
?
the dictionary correct pronunci
-
of
In
Ans the absence

.
acquired by imitation and the meanings

be
ation may
of
;
new words may often be inferred from their connection
with other words
in
the context
.
9.
Give three reasons why profitable
to
is
commit
choice literary selections memory it
to
.
Familiarity with
.-
of
Ans Exercise the memory

;
1
2
(
)
(
)
literary excellence The gaining
of
of
models fund
3
a
;
(
)
interesting and profitable

of
matter for the instruction

and entertainment of one's self and others .
10. Describe teaching the pronunciation
of
method
a
,
of
spelling and meaning word which appears the read

in
a
,
ing lesson for the first time the word basket
onin
the
.g
e
;
,
.
sentence saw woman walking with basket her

a
a
,
“
I
head
.
'
'
to all
Ans Let the child read the sentence pronouncing
—
,
.
already knows
he
the words which Suppose basket

“
”
.
the only new word Let the child guess what the woman
be
probably
on
has her head He has seen basket and will

a
.
recognize the word He may guess correctly

he
if
hears
it
.
basket picture
or
If
of
not draw show basket

.”
a
“
. a
,
or woman with basket on her head After the child has

a
by
this without comment the teacher let him read

at
looked
,
the sentence again He will probably read correctly

If
it
.
.
is
easily
so
the new word not illustrated make sentence

“ a
,
story introducing the word but avoid telling

or or
tell
a
'
prompting the child Telling the child without giv

.
"
ing him opportunity put forth mental effort removes

an
to
incentives effort nake him ind nt ar

to
tends
pendent rather than alert and resourceful The pupil will
is .
learn the spelling required

he
to
of
the new word write

if
sentences containing it . Later , e.g. , the following day , he

may be required to spell the word orally .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE
( Answer any five . )
- PHYSICS .
1. Describe an experiment to show the amount of at

mospheric pressure . How does this pressure change with
of altitude ?
–
increase
Ans . Fill a tube a little more than 30 inches long with
mercury . Closing the open end with the thumb invert the
tube in a cup of mercury : The column of mercury will
stand in the tube at a height of about 30 inches , supported
by the downward pressure of the atmosphere on the mer
cury in the cup . This pressure is equivalent to about 15
pounds to the square inch . As the altitude increases the
pressure of the atmosphere decreases .
2. What is centrifugal force ? Describe some practical
application of it .
Ans . - Centrifugal force is the tendency of rotating mat
ter to move away from the center of rotation , or the
tendency to move off in a straight line unless restrained
by some counteracting force . The cream separator is a
mechanical application .
3. Describe a good way of heating and ventilating a
single school room . Upon what principle of physics does
the circulation of air depend ?
Ans .— The stove or heater should be encased in a metallic
jacket so arranged that fresh air may be admitted beneath
the stove . The air is warmed and rises through the open
top of the jacket and is diffused throu the room
.
Through an opening near the floor the foul and cooler air
off
through pipe
or
is carried flue which connected with

is
a
other opening draft may

A
be
or
the chimney maintained

.
by mechanical fan the natural suction not sufficient

is
if
permitted
be
The air from the room should not circulate

to
through the jacket which surrounds the stove The prin

.
ciple physics with which the air circulates

of
in
accordance
by
The air heated

of
the expansion substance heat

is
.
by
the stove expands and becoming lighter rises the ceil

to
ing As gradually cools falls the lower part

of
to
the
it
it
,
.
of
giving way the incoming stream warmer and

to
room
,
lighter air
.
4.
be
Under what conditions may an electric current

by
produced magnet
a
produced by revolving
be
Ans An electric current may

.
conducting coil magnetic force

of
the field
in
a
.
STATE CF KANSAS 191
5. How may it be shown that sounds of different pitch

travel with the same velocity ?
Ans . - All the tones from the different strings of a musical
instrument or from the different instruments of a band
travel together and reach the ears of a distant listener at
the same time, thus producing the same harmony as at
the place of starting .
6. How is a rainbow produced ? In what part of the
-
sky is the rainbow always seen ? Why is this so ?
Ans . A rainbow is caused by the refraction of the rays
of sunlight as they pass through drops of water falling
as rain , and by the reflection of these refracted rays from
the clouds . The bow is always seen in the part of the sky
opposite to the sun . Refraction always occurs when rays,
of light pass through raindrops , and colors are frequently
reflected from the clouds ; but the regular circular effect
is possible only when the observer is on the line which
passes through the sun and the center of the curvature of
the bow . This position is ossible only towards sunset
and soon after sunrise . In the morning the bow is seen
in the west , and in the evening it is seen in the east .
7. How do tones an octave apart compare in respect to
-
the rapidity of the vibrations ?
Ans . If two tones are an octave apart , the vibrations
which cause the higher tone are twice as rapid as those
which cause the lower .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .

1. Describe the passage of the cyclonic whirls of storms
which pass over the United States . What effect has a
" high " on the weather ?
Ans . — The United States lies for the most part within the
path of the prevailing westerlies. They do not , however ,
blow straight toward the east without interruption , but they
break into vast wbirls or spirals swinging around from
right to left . The center about which they blow is a low
pressure area and the entire cyclonic whirl moves forward
in an eastward or northeastward direction . The effect of
a " high " is a lowering of the temperature , a rising bar .
ometer , and clear settled weather .
.
2. What type of shoreline is most favorable to commer .
cial development ? Why ? How are such shorelines formed ?
Ans ( a ) An irregular shoreline with many arms of the
sea reaching up into the land is the most favorable for com .
mercial development . Such a shoreline will have many good
harbors and these will be at points which are easily acces
sible from the land . ( 6 ) Shorelines of this character are

formed by the sinking of the sea -border so that the ocean
flows in and fills up the river valleys.
3. Explain fully the causes of temperature changes ( a )
with the seasons ; ( b ) day and night .
Ans .-
( a ) The inclination of the axis and the earth's
revolution around the sun are the causes of the seasonal
changes of temperature. For these reasons the direction of
the sun's rays upon any part of the earth's surface raries
greatly with a consequent variation of their effect . (b)
During the day the sun's rays warm the earth . The warm
earth then radiates heat outward and raises the temperature
of the atmosphere . At night the outward radiation of the
earth continues, but this is not balanced by the sun's radia
tion and the result is a cooling of the air .
4. What is meant by a coastal plain ? Give briefly the
life history of such a plain .
Ans .-- A coastal plain was once the bottom of the sea
and has been lifted above the surface of the water .
5. What are the possible causes of volcanic activity ? How
.
does the action of volcanoes modify the surface features of
a land ? Illustrate .
Ans ( a ) The following theories have been advanced as
to the causes of volcanoes : That the heat derived from the
compressing and crushing of parts of the earth's crust by
contraction is sufficient to cause volcanic action ; that the
deep - seated rocks are maintained in a solid state by pres
sure , hence the relief of pressure by the faulting and folu
ing of the rocks would give rise to sufficient heat to ac
count for volcanic action , that water from the crust pene
trates through the sea - floor to the molten interior and the
escaping steam gives rise to the explosive phenomena of the
volcano ; that the radio -activity of the rocks is a sufficient
source of heat to explain volcanic phenomena . ( b ) Vol
canos build lofty mountains by piling an enormous amount
of lava and rock about their craters . Each new eruption
will usually greatly change the appearance of the mountain
a its
and slopes The familiar illustration Vesuvius Some

is
.
an , .
of
times flow lava will enter river valley and acting

a
dam will form By explosions

as
lake violent island

a
a
may
be
as
almost completely destroyed was Krakatoa

in
,
1883
.
Account for the low rainfall

of
California
6.
Southern
and Northern Mexico and the great rainfall
of
Washington
.
Ans Southern California and Northern Mexico lie

-
.
within the horse latitudes The air constantly descending

.
up
and growing warmer and consequently will take more

STATE OF KANSAS 193
vapor instead of giving up what it has . The prevailing

westerlies blowing from the Pacific Ocean bring moisture
laden air to the coast of Washington . When these sinds
strike the land they are cooled and give up much of their
moisture . The fact that the mountains are near the coast
and parallel to it causes the winds to rise to cooler altitudes
and aids in giving that portion of the coast a heavy rain
fall .
7. Explain fully why some rivers form canons while others
form wide , nearly flat valleys.
Ans . — The character of the land , the climate , the fall ,
and the time are the important factors to be taken into
consideration. If the material is easily broken up and if
there is much rainfall the banks will become more and more
sloping until a broad valley will be formed. On the other
hand, if
the materials are not easily changed by weathering
the stream will wear a deep channel, leaving the walls very
steep on either side . If the rainfall is slight , weathering
will take place very slowly . If the fall be steep the wear
ing will be more rapid and the channel will be cut more
rapidly .
8. How are coal deposits formed ? Why is mineral wealth
Ans .-
so much more common in mountain regions than elsewhere ?
( a ) The areas along the lower courses of streams
and along the coast , after being covered by a dense growth
of vegetation , is submerged by the subsidence of the land .
The vegetation is then covered deeply by the deposits from
the sea . At a later period the land is raised again and may
be lifted up into a mountainous region . This subjects the
vein of coal to pressure which has much to do with the dif .
ferences in the character of the coal found . ( b) Mountain
lands are regions of disturbance. Here the three forces ,
heat, water and pressure , have worked most effectively in
separating the minerals from the rocks .

1. Why should a teacher be a student of psychology ?
Ans .— The teacher should be a student of psychology in
order that he may intelligently adapt his instruction to
the natural processes of the pupil's mind .
2. What is meant by the social elements in education ?
Should these be considered particularly or incidentally by
a teacher ?
Ans . - The social elements in education include all mat
ters concerning the relations of people to each other . Since
the object of public education is the preparation of people
for citizenship , the social elements should receive particular

consideration .
3. What branches in the course of study have a bearing
on social relations ?
Ans . - All branches of education have some social bear
ing . Reading , writing , spelling , and grammar are some
times called " the arts of communication . ” Geography,
history , and civics deal largely with political and social
relations . Arithmetic , agriculture , manual training and
domestic science are related to commercial, industrial , and
family life . The sciences have reference to the physical
environment of society . All education makes people more
intelligent and capable of appropriate action , thus advanc
ing the welfare of the individual and society .
4. Describe and illustrate two types of attention .
Ans. — The two types of attention are passive and active .
Attention is passive when it is aroused and sustained by
some interesting object or occurence without effort by the
individual . Active attention is directed to some object by
an effort of the will in opposition to a tendency to attend
to other and more interesting things . An illustration of
passive attention is shown in the witnessing of an exciting
drama ; active attention is displayed when one holds him
self to an uninteresting task while within the hearing of
animated conversation .
5. Is disorderly conduct in the schoolroom generally the
result of positive choice or of accidental impulse ? Suggest
a way of overcoming the difficulty in either case .
Ans. - Ordinarily disorderly conduct in the schoolroom is
due to uncontrolled impulse . If the offender acts from de
liberate choice , motives must be appealed to which will
secure a more desirable response of the will. If wrong
impulses are followed , deliberation and consideration before
action should be secured . The habit of self -restraint should
be developed by positive training .
6. What should the object of a recitation be in addition
to the testing of pupils on their memory of the facts pre
sented in the lesson ? Give an illustration from the subject
of civics .
Ans . — Testing the memory of facts is only one of the
objects of the recitation . Understanding the meaning and
thinking of things in their relation with other things are
more important . The chief object of all education is
training the will so that there may be habitual action in
accordance with true principles . For example , knowledge
of the processes by which laws are made is not so vital
in the study of civics as a knowledge of the purpose for
STATE OF KANSAS 195
which any given law is made and the cultivation of the

habit of obedience to just laws .
7. Give an example of the following : ( 1) Knowledge
useful in acquiring other knowledge ; ( 2 ) knowledge useful
for guidance in life's activities .
Ans .-
( 1) The knowledge of the multiplication tables
and of the principles of percentage is useful only when ap
plied to the solution of definite problems. ( 2) Knowledge
of the effects of alcohol and tobacco should be applied di
rectly in personal habits . Learning the sounds of letters
is indirectly useful ; knowledge of domestic science may be
directly applied. Both forms of knowledge are useful and
necessary
8. Which is preferable , to make pupils conscious of their
failures or of
their successes ? Why ?
Ans . — It is better to make pupils conscious of their suc .
cesses . The effect is to impart courage and arouse to to
greater effort . Over - emphasizing failure produces the op
posite effects .
9. What is the difference between vital and formal
teaching ?
Ans . - Vital teaching is that which appeals to motives
which are effective in the mind of the learner . Formal
teaching is the enforcing of rules and facts , the reason or
purpose of which is not understood by the pupil .
10. What use may a teacher make of the out -door ex
periences and activities of pupils ?
be
: .--
Ans Such experiences and activities should constant

ly
in
with the study

; as
of
used illustrations connection
any branch subjects for conversation and for oral and
as
written composition the basis for teaching many parts

as
;
as
the basis for teaching geography history

of
arithmetic
,
in ;
natural science in physical

;
the study
of
and civics
;
By merely showing
an
training interest the out door

in
-
.
life his pupils the teacher may gain great and lasting
of
influence over them

.
ANCIENT HISTORY
.
In what period was language spoken and written

1.
developed
?
Ans Language both spoken and written was developed

.—
prehistoric times
in
Describe the physical features Egypt and tell

of
2.
something the country

of
of
their effect on the civilization

.
Ans Egypt low and mostly level country traversed

. is
a
.
-
by the river Nile The great fertility caused by the regular

the Nile made the country productive
of
an
overflow
of
abundant and cheap supply of food and therefore capable

of supporting a large population . The bountiful harvests
also resulted in the early development of commerce .
3. Locate the following : The Pyramids , Tyre , Jeru
salem , Babylon , Sparta , Athens , Carthage, Salamis , Crete ,
Troy .
Ans . - The pyramids , monuments of the early kings of
,
Egypt ; Tyre a city of Phoenicia on the coast of the
;
Mediterranean Sea ; Jerusalem , the principal city of Pales
tine Babylon , a famous ancient city in Mesopotamia on
the Euphrates river ; Sparta , the chief city of the Pelopon
nesus , or southern Greece ; Athens , in Attica , the most im
portant city of northern Greece ; Carthage, a city of north
ern Africa , founded by the Phoenicians ; Salamis , an island
south of Attica in the Saronic gulf ; Crete , a large island
sea
in the Mediterranean south of the Aegaean Troy
a
;
,
city Asia Minor near the Hellespont
of
.
the following
of
State some fact about each
4.
Moses
,
:
Saul Apollo Lycurgus Themistocles Pericles The Parthe
,
,
,
non Hannibal Scipio Pompey

,
Ans Moses gave the first laws .
to
the Hebrews Saul
—
;
.
was the first king Apollo was the mytho

of
the Hebrews
logical god Lycurgus was an ancient law giver ;
of
the sun
;
an
in
Sparta Themistocles was Athenian statesman the
in
an
of
time the Persian wars Pericles was Athenian ruler

;
city
of
who adorned the with the most famous works archi
tecture and art The Parthenon was the temple
of
Athens
;
the Acropolis Athens Hannibal was the Carthaginian

on
in
general who led his army over the Alps into Italy Scipio
in ;
was the Roman general who defeated Hannibal Africa
and was called Africanus Pompey was great military
a
;
of
the first triumvirate

of
hero Rome member rival

. a
,
, a
,
was finally conquered

of
Julius Caesar by whom

he
paragraph fifty
of
Write seventy five words on

(1 to
5.
any two of the following topics The reign King

of
)
:
primitive man
of
David Some achievements

(A
2
)
3
(
.
(
)
.
story from Greek mythology The city

of
Athens
4
5
.
(
)
)
.
of
Roman hero the Punic wars The downfall

. in
the
A
6
(
)
.
Roman republic
.
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY

-
Answer any five

)
(
Discuss the processes that take place the germina

in
1.
of
tion seed What external conditions determine germina

.
tion
?
Ans germination
of
four fundamental
In
the seeds
.
STATE CF KANSAS 197
processes are involved . ( 1) osmosis or the process by which

water enters the cells and soluble foods are transferred
from the storage region to the growing hypocotyl and plu
mule ; ( 2 ) the action of enzymes by which insoluble foods
are changed to soluble forms ; ( 3 ) oxidation or the uniting
of oxygen with carbon compounds by which process energy
for growth is produced ; ( 4 ) growth of the embryo , includ .
ing the enlargement of cells already formed and the pro
duction of new cells , especially in development of the root .
The external conditions necessary for germination are :
moisture , air , and moderate temperature ranging from 60
degrees to 80 degrees Fahr .
2. What is growth ? What conditions determine growth ?
Discuss the sources of food for plants and how they get the
different kinds of food .
Ans . - Growth includes two processes . ( 1 ) formation of
new cells by cell division ; ( 2 ) enlargement of these cells .
The conditions necessary for growth are : ( 1 ) an abundance
of available food in solution ; ( 2) right temperature ( varies
with different plants ) ; ( 3 ) presence of oxygen and com
pounds suitable for oxidation . Carbohydrates are built up
by
all
in green tissues light

of
the presence
in
the action
chlorophyll
of
The materials used are carbon dioxide
) 1
in , .
2 (
)
( :
by
from the air taken water from the

in
the leaves
;
soil taken through the roots Carbohydrates are finally

,
combined with nitrogen and minerals
of
the form nitrates
in
In ,
phosphates etc. which are taken through the roots
in
,
,
.
this process proteids are formed
.
Discuss the structure and growth

of
3.
roots and the

root systems
of
different types
.
Ans central cylinder containing

of
The root consists

.—
the vascular elements surrounded by the cortex region

a
,
transferring and stor

of
thin walled cells which acts

as
a
by
age organ The cortex surrounded single layer of

is
a
.
of
epidermis On young growing roots certain cells the

.
epidermis elongate form root hairs through which water

to
The somewhat pointed growing tip

byis
is
absorbed covered
.
root cap loosely attached cells Growth takes place

of
a
within the last one ighth inch the tip by the division
of
of
-e
small group
of
as
cells known meri stematic cells

a
their origin into primary sec

as
Roots are classified

to
ondary and adventitious form into tap fibrous and

to
as
,
:
fleshy
.
How does water escape from the plant

4.
Discuss the
?
to
leaves and their relation the evaporation

of
structure
of water
.
Ans . - Water escapes from the plant through transpíra
the
The
on
tion from leaves leaf covered both surfaces
is
.
by
transparent epidermiş usually consisting
of
but one
,
a
layer interlocking cells pierced here and there by
, of
,
which allow the entrance air and the giving
of
stomata
off water vapor and carbon dioxide Between the
of
.
epidermal layers loose green tissue called the meso
iş
å
mesophyll cells elongate
of
phy]l
. Usually the upper layer
and form the palisade cells The mesophyil cells contain
:
"
the chloroplasts which are the active starch making bodies
the plant Branching extensively throughout the meso
of
the.
phyll are veins Water passes from the veins into the
. .
intercellular spaces When these spaces contain higher
a
air
per cent water vapor than
of
the outside diffusion
is
in
,
outward takes place through the stomata
.
Discuss the dispersat seeds and fruit
of
5.
.
The most important agents
of
Ans seed dispersal are
;
.
'
wind water and aninials Seeds are adapted for dispersal
,
.
by
tufts plume like and grappling append

of
possession
,
ages Many fruits are ediblę Others such as akenes
,
.
are also provided with appendages like the seeds .
.
the
Into what chief groups plant kingdom
as
6.
is
,
a
whole divided
?
Ans The plant

kingdom divided into Thallephytes
—
is
,
.
:
Bryophytes Ptendophytes and Spermatophytes
,
.
of
Describe two families monocotyledons gwing the

7.
,
: of
chief characterictic each

.
Ans paralled veined leaves six parts
to
Liliaceae
, .-
,
6 (1
)
perianth stamens three celled ovary superior ovary The

,
,
-
.
group includes such forms Dog tooth violet Trillium
as
,
,
,
(-
onion lilies etc. Cyperaceae sedge family grass

,
):
(
)
like herbs with fibrous roots mostly solid three angled

,
, of "
-
or
culms naked flowers axils glume like bracts

in
stems
,
,
a -
three cleft ovary one celled fruit

or
style two flattened

,
-
-
or
three angled akene

-
How does changed physical environment change the

8.
character plant society

of
a
is ?
to
plant society plants living

of
Ans group
a
A
.-
If
gether under the same physical conditions these con

.
ditions change new plants máy gain foothold plants

,
,
a
'
in
which could not live For

ex
the previous conditions

.
the new comers are taller plants have larger

or
ample
if
,
and more vigorous roots systems than the native plants

an ,
of
they may deprive them light and moisture

to
such
extent that the original plants die out The general ten
.
dency from both hydrophytic and seropyhtic conditions

is
the mesophytic plant

in
to
succession
.
STATE OF KANSAS 199
.
Explain how you would develop inductively
in
1.
class
a
of
the idea clause
Thea
by
of
may
be
Ans essentials sentence modified
a
.
we
the
adjective phrases following sentences may study
ofIn
.
still another form modifiers Pay We need trustworthy
may
in :
home
We see that
that
be
In
.
these sentences need
trusted
in
meaning but
in
,
form
the adjective trust
.
by
first sentence boys
we
by
an boys the
is
pro
be
equivalent expression that may trusted That
a
is
.
noun used for the noun boys The second sentence contains
.
two groups of words each having subject and predicate
a
be
--we need boys and that may trusted The first might
,
,.
be
complete sentence The second group however depends
,
a
.
in
for its meaning part upon the first and
an
used like
is
,
of
adjective modify boys These parts
to
sentence each
,
å
.
with subject and predicate are called clauses
, clause
a
A
.
an
that has meaning when used alone independent
or
is
principal clause meaning incomplete
a A
is
clause whose
.
De
or
when used alone dependent subordinate clause
is
:
pendent may adjectives
be
or or
as
subordinate clauses used
,
adverbs nouns
,
When should language training begin

2.
?
to
his
is
Ans Just as soon thechild able
as
express
.—
thoughts articulate language

in
the
.
be
What distinction may made between nominative

3.
and
in the
case absolute nominative case independent

?
the
Ans nominative case when placed
in ” ofbe
noun
.—
A
is
:
the
participle and independent

of
fore remainder
is
a
put
the
as
the sentence The wind rising vessel sea

to
;
,
,
'
"
independent nominative case when used .

in
is
noun the
A
wo woeful
!!!
day
an
as
exclamation
is,
,
What the distinction between farther and further

4.
Illustrate
.
Ans Farther and further are often used without dis

or. .
tinction But modern usage farther commonly conveys

a
in
less explicit reference the idea far further

of
more
to
, is
;
more especially employed secondary figurative senses

or
in
especially with the implication something

of
additional
. .
farther from Topeka than Kansas City

St.
Louis
is
a
6 (
)
He had nothing further say

)
to
.
(
of
Illustrate and explain the uses the participte

5.
.
an
be
adjective
as
Ans participle may used verb

,
,
a
A
() . -
.
Wealth obtained dishonestly soon disap

or
noun
a
à
(
)
Riding bicycle good exercise Obtained

is
is
pears
a
.
6
.
a participle used as an adjective , and riding is a participle

used as a noun . ( c ) By taking his life , he committed a
crime. Taking is a participle used as a noun , the object
of the preposition by ; and is
also used as a verb , having
life as its object .
6. We called the boy John . Give the syntax of the ital
icized words .
Ans . - Boy is the direct object of the verb call ; John is
the objective complement (sometimes called the factitive
object ) of the verb call .
7. Discuss the use of shall and will .
Ans. Will denotes purpose or determination , and shall
denotes obligation . Shall in the first person and will in
the second and third person simply foretell . Vill in the
first person expresses determination . Shall in the second
and third persons means an obligation , not controlled by
the subject , but by some external influence .
8. Analyze the following sentence : The way to meet the
demand of the age is to educate the hands and the head and
the heart of the masses .
Ans. This is a simple declarative sentence . 6. The way
to meet the demand of the age ” is the complete subject ,
and " is to educate the hands and the head and the heart
of the masses ” is the complete predicate . : “ Way , ''. the
basis of the subject , is modified by the adjective " the ,'
and also by " to meet the demand of the age , a complex
adjective element of the second class ; of which “ to meet , '
by
of
the age com
a
its
basis modified the demand

is
de .
,
,
of“
plex adjective element

of
the first class which

“
;
by
a is
the adjective the

its
mand basis modified and

,
",
"
of''
by
of
the age complex adjective element the sec

,
“
by
age
of
ond class its basis modified the

is
which
“ ;
,
”
,
"
adjective the
."
the predicate
is " of
Is
the basis
to
Is
is
educate
,
“
, ”
”
.
the predicate verb unmodified the predi

to
is
educate
,
;
"
modified by the com

.
, as
cate infinitive used noun

,
a
,
pound objective element the hands and the head and the
the masses the basis of the first
, of
heart
,"
hands
;
''
"
by
modified the adjective the

is
member head
,!”,
;
“
"
'
by
the second member modified the adjective the

is
,
heart the third member

by
'
modified the adjective

is
“
,
”
the Each member the compound objective element

of
.'
is "
modified by Wof the masses complex adjective ele

a
,
ment of the second class

its
of
which basis
is
masses
“
”,
;
,
by
modified the adjective the and and and are

';
,
“
”
"
1
STATE OF KANSAS 201
connectives, joining the members of the compound object .

9. Outline a language lesson for the fifth grade based
upon a picture .
Ans. - Millet's picture , " Feed Her Birds . "
for title . 2 - The bird's nest . 3 — Number of birds .
1 - Reason
4
The most interesting bird . 5 — Condition of parents . 6—
The father . 7 – His part in the feeding .
- 8
- Attitude of
the children toward each other . 9 The little chicken at
the corner. 10 —Write a remark each child might make .
11 - Tell of other picture by Millet . 12 — Tell interesting
things in the artist's life .
10. Illustrate in a sentence : ( a ) A noun used as the
subject of an infinitive . (b) As the indirect object of a
verb . ( c ) As the subjective complement . ( d ) Used ad
verbially .
Ans . (a ) I want that girl to sing . ( b ) The teacher
taught the boy grammar . ( c) John is a good man . (a)
The horse ran a mile .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. How would you show the relation of lawlessness
in
the schoolroom to bad citizenship ?
Ans . —By showing that the government of the school is
on a small scale like that of the state , and that the children
who are lawless in school are likely to grow to be disobedient
citizens .
2. What classes of cities are there in Kansas ? Name the
.
two kinds of municipal government and state briefly the
difference between them as to powers of officers .
Ans ( a ) Cities of the first, second , and third class .
( 6 ) Government by commission and by council . In the
former , each commissioner is assigned a department of the
government, as , for instance , the police force , and is held
accountable for his administration of that . The commis
sioners are elected by the voters of the city without regard
to ward divisions . The council system provides for the
election of members of the council by wards , and the gov
ernment of the city is by the council .
3. What does impeachment mean ? What governor has
lately been tried , and what was the alleged offense ?
Ans.- ( a ) Impeachment is another word for indictment
or accusation . ( 6 ) Governor Sulzer of New York . A mis .
use of money .
. 4. What provision has the State of Kansas made for the
reformation of boys and girls who violate the state laws ?
.--
Ans
an
an
has established industrial school for boys

It
,
industrial school for girls , and a reformatory for boys
from
four
here
twenty years se
to
sixteen
-
5.
be
as
Do you use the newspaper in
sch suppleme
to
work civil government Why
in
?
the
of
.
be
How may constitution the Unitea States
6
.
amended How many amendments now
?
Ans
of
See Article the Constitution
V
Sev
the )b
.
(
)
(
.
enteen
.
in bill
is
to
What majority required legis
in
pass
In
7.
.
tature of Kansas Congress
?
(a majority
of
Ans the members each house
A
.
.
)
majority majority
of
of
quorum and the mem
;
Å
6
a
(
)
in
bers each house constitutes
a
ings8.
Explain postal deficit parcel post and postai sav
,
,
the
,
banka The deficit
in
the
at
)
poštoffice department
of
close the fiscal year The carrying large parcels
of
. b
.
(
)
at
to
cheap rates
of
postage Banks attached post
c
(
)
offices for the purpose of
receiving small deposits low
A
.
allowed .
of
rate interest
9. How donatio banks differ from state banks
?
The national banks are under the control
of
Ans the
.
are
national government and they inšpected periodically
,
to by
government inspectors State banks are responsible only

.
the state
.
the
3
10. Name United States senators from Kansas also
;
the representatives from Kansas and give number the
,
of
by
district represented each

.
H.
Joseph
L.
Ans Senators Bristow and William

, :
R.
Representatives First Distriet
D.
Thompson An
T. ,
Jr
.; .
P.
thony Second Joseph TaggartThird Phillip Camp
,
G. ,
;
bell Fourth Dudley Doolittle Fifth Helvering

,
;
,
;
; ;
R.
John
A.
Sixth Connelley George Neeley

,
Seventh
;
Eighth Victor Murdock

,
OF
HISTORY KANSAS ....

? did
the
Through what part Kansas Oregon trail

1.
of
pass How far did extend west ward

it
Doniphan Brown Nemaña and Marshall

?
Ans Through
,
,
.
and through the northeast corner Washington

of
counties
theto
It
County extended California and Oregon

.
and
2.
of
Name three earliest missionaries Kansas

in
they worked
in
give the names

of
the places
.
Ans. Rev. Thomas Johnson , missionary to the Shawnees ,

what County Isaac McCoy Ottawa
in
now Johnson
is
Baptist Mission near Ottawa Rev. John Schoenmaker

,
,
"
STATE OF KANSAS 203
Mission now St. Paul Neosho County
,
Name three noted New Englanders who were promi
.
nent the anti slavery movement and tell what way
in
in
,
A. -
each helped
.
cause
;Ans
the
Another gave large amounts
to
Lawrence
.
s
cause Eli
Thayer lectured and promoted organization and
,
'
Wendell Phillips helped with his great eloquence
.
What according to well informed authorities the
4.
is
,
,
-
the
origin name Kansas
of
?
Kapza
of
of
Ans The name tribe Indians named
a
.
5.
.
How did the railroads contribute
to
the settlement
of Kansas
?
all
parts
of
Ans They advertised the state the United
to in
—
.
States and Europe and soļa land easy terms
on
settlers
,
. .
Name the counties which the Mennonites settled
to in
6.
'
How were they persuaded Kansas and from what
to
come
,
country
Harvey Marion Reno They came from Russia
,
,
,
but they were origin .
They were dissatisfied
of
German
with the government and were easily persuaded .
to
,
come and
was cheap
What was the Kansas boom Give the causes and
7.
?
of
In it
effects
.
-
Ans the middle eighties sort of craze took posses

ina
of .
sion the people especially the cities and real estate

,
was forced up prices far beyond its value The cause

to
was the gambling spirit and the effect was

of
ruin
to
it
many people and leave values stagnant for some time

to
after the boom subsided about 1887

.
Name the world expositions which Kansas had

in
8.
exhibits
.
Ans Philadelphia 1876 Chicago 1893 Paris 1900

,
,
;
;
,
.-
St. Louis 1904

,
Name ten leading agricultural products

of
Kansas
9
.
and five valuable minerals found

in
the state
.
Ans Corn alfalfa wheat oats kafir corn potatoes flax

, —
,
,
, ,
,
,
.
oil
sorghum clover tame grasses minerals zinc gas salt

,
,
;
,
,
:
gypsum
io
.
be
satisfactory map
to
Would possible
of
it
make
a
.
Kansas grounds
It in
the sohoolhouse
be ?
Ans would and would great aid teaching

in
it
a
of ,
-
.
the geography the state

.
WRITING
.
of
Give several poor writing

1.
causes
.
i
5
Ans . - Lack of attention to the habits of the child in

sitting at the desk , holding the pen , use of ink . It may be ,
too , there are bodily disabilities , such as nervousness , muscu
lar weakness , etc.
2. Explain fully the correct position in writing .
Ans .--
Feet on floor , body erect and slightly inclined
forward , nearly
onall
forearm on desk forearm right
ofat
of
,
paper left hand left edge paper
at
angles with lines
,
opposite right hand penholder pointing over upper arm
on ,
both pen points hand and wrist not resting
on
paper
,
paper
.
writing made interesting
be
to
How can the
3.
lesson
the child
?
many ways Interesting blackboard exercises

In
Ans
.-
.
be
given and the value neat legible handwriting
of
a
should
,
,
be
the world should Let neatness and legibility
in
shown
.
be commended
.
Give your method of teaching writing third ear

4
to
.
-y
class
.

.
of .
quotation not less than four lines
as
Write
5.
a
of
specimen your own handwriting

Ans For the applicant .
,
-
.
No. 21
County
Examination
?
Questions
With Answers .
STATE OF KANSAS .
1913
1
1
1
l
1
1
|
|
5
UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
-URBANA
3 0112 070922205

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County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to

October, 1901 ; with answers.

Public Domain, Google-digitized

We have determined this work to be in the public domain,

The person charging this material

Latest Date stamped below

for disciplinary action and may result dismissal from

renew call Telephone Center 333-8400

January , 1912 , to October , 1912

In the office of the Librarian of Congress,

EXAMINATION January 26 and 27 , 1912 . 1-25

ARITHMETIC 1 , 26 , 57 , 91 , 121 , 153

GOVERNMENT . 110 142 174

.19 111 138 162

.20 112 150 176

.21 115 146 175

MODERN HISTORY .22 117 141 165

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACH

.24 118 147

.44 114 139 179

January 26-27 , 1912 .

= 88556 X 56165= 10555

rds the fraction mile

Reduce the fraction problem No.

State the United States rule for partial payments

Find the amount the principal

ANS the time when

the sum the payments equals exceeds

the interest due ; subtract from this amount the payment

5. Find the cost of excavating a cellar 80 ft. by $ 0 ft. by

6. Find the interest on $840 from June 1, 1911 , to Novem

7. A dealer bought 80,250 lbs . of coal at $4 per ton . His

8. Name and define the terms used in ratio and propor

Therefore the hypotenuse long

B's share X3X X4X

Sole 2V3x 4-2

2. Change to the form of a fraction :

5-7 . Solve ( a ) by substitution , ( b ) by comparison , ( o) by

( 24n - y4n ) : ( an - yn ) = x3n + 2nyn +xny2n + y3n .

10. Reduce to lowest terms :

GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION .

She Her Her

3, 6 , 0 , 4 , read by pupils , "

used effectively the teaching

Ans They can

commercial geography showing the output and values

products They are also valuable

the several countries

comparisons areas populations elevations and much .

Explain how graphic representations aid geography

Ans They appeal directly Illustrations

different length are used

Parallel lines show the popu

.lations line connecting points

the earth's surface which have the same mean temperature

rural school graded school

Ans Both schools should have set political and

Locate Holland Describe the people the land and

the chief animal and vegetable products

Ans Europe bordering

the western coast

bounded on the east by Germany on

the North Sea