County Examination Questions, State of Kansas - Vol 22 To 23

County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to
October, 1901 ; with answers.

Kansas.
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3
6
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OF ILLINOIS
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
MAY 1 1985
1965
LJUN 06
MAY 22 1985
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4
County
Western school iournali
Examination Questions
State of Kansas
January, 1914 , to October , 1914
With Answers
No. 22
Topeka , Kan .
JOHN MACDONALD
1914
Entered according to act of Congress , in the year 1915
, by
JOHN MACDONALD
In the offlce of the Librarian of Congress ,
at Washington .
371.13
КІ З. Edue ,
V.
De'17
5ñ - 23 Index .
PAGES
6 EXAMINATION January ... .1-37
30
31
and 1914
,
June 19 and ....
20
1914 .38–76
, ,
24 26
June
, 27
and 1914 .77-118
.. .
NMS
July
25
and 1914 119–153
65
22
August
21
and 1914 154–188
, ,
.
....
31
October 30 and 1914 189-223
PAGES
ARITHMETIC
38
, 77
119 154 189
, 1
,
,
,
,
, , , , ,
, 79
ALGEBRA 122 156 191
, .3
40
,
86
GRAMMAR 44, .6 126 160 217
,
,
GEOGRAPHY 92 133 162 206
, .9
46
,
, ,
,
62
89
UNITED STATES HISTORY 13 130 165 209
,
.
71
READING .22 109 150 184 214
,
, ,
,
,
,
f
70
85
ORTHOGRAPHY .21 148 179 216

,
,
71
PENMANSHIP .33 117 149 188 215
,
91 , ,
,
26 ,
,
, 50
, , 95
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE 142 177 203

,
,
,
,
.
, 59
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .17 128 167 205

2
,
, ,
.
14
49
84
HISTORY OF KANSAS 132 166 210

..
,
.
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE .27 52 108 145 179 202

,
,
,
, ,
.
69
97
ENGLISH LITERATURE .34 149 183 213

..
,
, ,
,
16
...
MODERN HISTORY 48 90 129 172 219

,
,
,
,
.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF

74
TEACHING .30 105 143 181 211

,
,
,
,
MUSIC .33 54 117 152 187 216

,
,
,
,
, ,
ANCIENT HISTORY
, 64
.11 113 136 163 207

,
,
,
, ,
.
19
, 55
BOOKKEEPING 100 138 169 196

O
,
,
.
Physics
66
.24 115 141 176 221

,
,
,
,
do
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICAL

-
, 60
, 94
GEOGRAPHY .29 135 174 200

,
,
, ,
...
35
67
98
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY 146 186 220

,
,
-
Ed ucation
love
557746
to
%
Bay
County Examination Questions .
January 30-31 , 1914
ARITHMETIC .
1. Define the following terms : surface , volume, square,
perpendicular , greatest common divisor.
Ans . ( a ) A surface is that which has length and breadth
but not thickness. ( b ) The volume of a figure is the num
bounding surface
its
ber of cubical units contained within
.
square rectangle whose four sides are equal
is
If(
a
A
or 0
(d
.
)
)
plane forms right angle with another line
or
line
a a
a
,
plane they are perpendicular each
to
the other
e
,
(
)
.
of
The greatest common divisor more numbers or
is
two the
greatest number that will each of them with
be
contained in
out remainder
a
Write the table for square measure

2.
Ans.
.
= ==
square
144 inches square foot
11 1 1
. .
square feet square yard

9
? 301 square yards square rod

.
160 square rods acre

in .
man deposited money

and then
3.
some the bank

A
per cent per cent

30 of
15
20
, of
drew out the amount then the

of ,
remainder and then per cent what was still left and
,
there then remained 809.20 What was the deposit

$
?
.
Solution.—
of of of of of of of of of
deposit deposit
on on on on on on
on
% % % % %% % % %
100 money money

.
deposit first withdrawal

68 68 1785 85 15
money
money deposit first remainder
deposit second withdrawal
of
20
money
%
money deposit second withdrawal

money deposit second remainder
on deposit third withdrawal
of
%
30 money
third withdrawal
on
20.4 money deposit

47.6 on deposit money third remainder
But the third remainder 809.20
on $
.
of
Therefore 47.6 deposit

%
money 809.20
$
.
·
=
The money
on
deposit 809.20 .476 1700

$
.
2 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONA
4. A man used an acre for his house and lawn , this piece
having a frontage of 120 feet . What was the depth of the
lot ? What was the length of fence necessary to inclose it ?
;
Solution . -
1 acre =
43,560 square feet.
43,560 120 363 .
Therefore the lot is 363 feet deep .
The perimeter of ft . + 2 X 120 ft .
the lot is 2 X 363
or 966 feet .
Therefore it will take a fence 966 feet long to fence
the lot .
5. Allowing 2150.4 cubic inches to a bushel , how many
tons of coal can be placed in a bin containing 560 cubio feet ,
if the weight of one bushel of coal is 80 pounds ?
Solution.
560 X 1728 X 80
18 .
2150.4 X
2000
Therefore the bin will of coal.
hold 18 tons
6. If
a contractor makes 15 per cent on one $ 4,500 job ,
and loses 15 per cent on another $ 4,500 job , has he gained
or lost on the two together ?
Solution ;
( 1) 115 % of cost = $4500
cost = $ 4500 + 1.15 = $3913.04
Gain = $4500- $3913.04 = $586.96
( 2) 85 % of cost = $4500
cost = $4500 + .85 = $5294.12
Loss = $5294.12— $4500 = $ 794.12
Since the loss on the second job exceeds the gain on the
first job the contractor has sustained a net loss on the
two together.
7. Define insurance , policy , premiums .
Ans . ( a ) Insurance is a sum of money to be paid to the
insured in the event of loss . ( b ) The policy is the written
contract given to the insured by the insurance company.
( c ) The premium is the sum paid by the insured for the
protection specified in the policy.
8. When a sum of money is divided among seven persons ,
each receives $ 16.80. How much would each receive if the
same sum were divided among eight persons ? ( Solve by
proportion . )
Solution .
8 : 7 :: $ 16.80 : 80
7 x $ 16.80
$ 14.70
8
STATE OF KANSAS
Therefore each would receive $ 14.70 if the sum were

divided among eight persons .
9. A traveler sails from England with his watch set by
Greenwich time . When he reaches 52 ° 30 ' 45 " W. , is his
watch faster or slower than the time of that place , and how
much ?
Solution . — To find the difference in time, divide the dif
ference in longitude by 15 .
15 ) 52 ° 30 ' 45 "
3 30 3
Therefore he will be 3 hours , 30 minutes, and 3 seconds
faster than the time of that place .
10. A right - angled triangle has the two sides forming the
right angle 30 rods and 40 rods. What is its area in square
rods ? in acres ?
Solution .
No. sq . rods in area of the triangle 12 X 40 X 30 = 600 .
600 sq . rds . •
160 sq . rds . 334
Therefore there are 334 acres in the triangle .
ALGEBRA .
1. What law of signs must be observed in ( a ) addition ;
(
( b ) subtraction ; c) multiplication ; ( d ) division ?
Ans .— (a ) If
both numbers are positive , the sum will be
positive . If
both numbers are negative , the sum will be
negative. If
one is positive and the other negative , the sum
will take the sign of the greater . ( b ) Add the subtrahend
of
its
to
with sign changed the minuend Like signs

c
.
(
)
multiplicand and multiplier give positive product Un

a
of.
like signs give negative product Like signs divi

a
d
(
.
dend and divisor give positive quotient Unlike signs give

a
--
negative quotient
a
Simplify the following expressions

.
2.
to
+ ~ :
dte
—
) g
2 1
h
(a
) )
3p-
].
- f
4 )
+ )
2 (
)
( (
--
3p
5m-
39
Tm 1089
+
p
-
)
].
(
Solution
-
= (a .
—
a_btode
+
( + +
. (g
1
h
89 f e
a
)
(
3p [
(
)
]
-
-
+ +
g
h
-
7m44 37—2 5m— 39—2

++
+
2
30-89-3p
-
(
4 )
)
]
2m7m
)
2–5m 39-2
= =
+
- -
2-59--2
.
Perform the operations indicated

( ( 3.
94—7a2b 8ab2—11a3b a22—50x2 703—23

+X
1 +
2 1
((
-
( (
4 )
) )
).
2x
15.04 7.08 15x2 3x2

+
+
7
0
:
).
Solution.
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
( 1) ( a47026-8ab2-11038 ) 024—50x2X( + 703_38 )

= a62—11a5bx — 704b2-8a362 , -5a5c2
+ 55a4b32 + 35a3b2 +40a2b282
--a4x3 + 11a3b23 +7026x3 + 8ab2.08
+ 786_77a5b - 49a46—564362 .
( 2 ) ( 15x4 + 7x3 + 15x2 + 70 + 4) ( 3x2 + 2x + 1)
= 5X23 + 4.
4. Factor the following expressions :
( 1 ) 8 :03 + y3.
( 2 ) (62-18 +32 ) .
( 3) 6426_1.
Solution .
( 1 ) 8x3 + y3 = (2x + y ) ( 422—24y + y2 ) .
( 2 ) 6218x +32 = ( x - 2) ( x - 16) .
( 3 ) 64a6_1 = (22 + 1) ( 402-2a + 1 ) ( 2041 )
(402 +2a + 1) .
5. Explain the method of solving an equation containing
one unknown quantity .
Ans .- ( 1 ) Simplify both members . ( 2) Transpose terms
containing the unknown to the left member and the numeri .
cal terms to the right member . ( 3 ) Collect similar terms
in each member . (
4 ) Divide both members by the co
efficient of the unknown .
6. Solve for x and verify ;
2 ( 7:1-1 ) 3 ( 3x + 5 )
7. 14
Solution.
2 ( 73-1 ) 3 (3x + 5 )
(1 )
7 14
Multiply ( 1) by 14
4 ( 70-1 ) = 3( 34 + 5 ( 2)
Multiply out in both members
2816—4 = 9x + 15 (3)
Transpose and collect terms
19x = 19 ( 4)
Divide ( 4 ) by 19
x = 1. (5 )
Verification :
Put 1 for x in ( 1)
2 (741 ) 3 (3+5)
7 14
124 = 2444
124
14 =
>
STATE OF KANSAS 5
.
7. A fifth of a certain number exceeds the eighth of that
number by 6. Find the number .
Solution
Let x = the number .
Then = its fifth part

5
And = eighth part
its
8
by
of
Then the condition the problemi
30
= 6
1
(
)
by5
Multiply
40
in
-- 53 = 240
1
)
(
82
2
(
)
Collect terms
in
2
(
)
330 240
3
(
)
Divide by
in
3
3
(
)
80
80
Therefore the number

is
Explain two methods solving simultaneous equations

of
8.
containing two unknown quantities

.
for
Ans Solve each equation

in
of
.-
terms
in .y .y
a
)1
(
Equate these values and solve resulting equation for

y of
x
either equation giving

of
Substitute value for

in
y
terms Multiply the equations by such numbers

of
.y
2
(
)
will make the coefficients equal the cor

as
of
in
or
x
y
of
responding terms the two equations Then add

or
sub
.
as
tract these transformed equations according the signs

having
of
or
the terms equal coefficients are unlike alike

.
The resulting equation will give the value

of
one unknown
its
the original equations

of
find
to
Substitute value
in
one
the other
.
Solve and verify

9.
2.
27
=
=
Y
{
Solution
.
3.0
2y
=
+
2 1
0
( (
) )
2x -7
y
by
Multiply
–
2
2
(
)
-14
2y
=
4x
3
(
)
Add and
3
1
-14
(
)
by (
)
7x
=
4
(
)
Divide
-2
4
(
)
5
(
)
of
Substitute value
in
x
2
(
)
6 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
-4 - Y = 27 (6 )
y
Transpose and collect terms in ( 6 )
= -3 ( 7)
Divide ( 7 ) by -1
=3 y (8)
Therefore a -2
and y = 3.
Verification . — Substitute values of u and y in equa
tion ( 1 )
-6 + 6 = 0
0
-
0
Substitute values of x and y in equation ( 2 )
3 E 7
-73-7 .
10. A train runs 100 miles in the same time that a second
train , whose rate is 3 } miles an hour less , runs 90 miles .
Find the rate of each train .
Solution.
Let x = No. mi. per hr . of first train .
Then x — 3 } = No. mi . per hr . of second train .
100
And No. hrs . to run 100 mi .
C
90
And No. hrs . to run 90 mi .
-33
(1)
Then by the conditions of the problem
100 90
X — 31
Clearing of fractions in (1 )
100x — 333 } = 90x (2 )
Transposing and collecting terms
10x = 3333 ( 3)
Dividing by 10 in ( 3 )
: 334
Therefore the rate of the first train was 333 mi . per hour
and of the second train 30 mi . per hour .
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION .

1. Discuss the teaching of grammar from the modern
viewpoint .
Ans . — According to the modern viewpoint there only
should be taught such forms of technical grammar as tho
individual will function . All parts of speech should be
taught . Such classifications of nouns as abstract, collec
tive , etc. , have no need of being taught , because they in no
1
STATE OF KÅNSAS 7
way aid one in gaining a correct use of English . Common

and proper nouns may be taught because , in written lan
guage, proper nouns begin with capitals . The singular and
plural form of nouns and verbs are essential, but a knowl
edge of mod and tens is not The elassification of ad .
jectives is of no benefit in establishing a good use of Eng .
lish . A good use of English may be obtained by persistent
practice in oral and written composition on such subjects
as the person is interested in and at such times when he
feels a real need of expressing himself.
2. Why do so many pupils dislike grammar and how may
this dislike be overcome
Ans. — Because of the needless tasks imposed of requiring
the pupil to learn and make so many grammatical distinc
tions , for which he will never have any use outside of the
class room. This dislike may be overcome by only teaching
a minimum amount of technical grammar , and also by pre
senting opportunities to the pupil of making practical use of
his grammar in oral and written composition work where
his interests and needs are the prime incentives .
3. In your experience with children and your own asso
ciates, what do you consider to be the ten most common types
of error in grammar ?
Ans . — The use of done for did ; hain't for have not ;
seen for saw ; lay for lie ; don't for doesn't ; is for are ;
' tain't for is not ; has came for has come ; has went for
has gone ; knowed for knew .
4. Explain your method of assigning a lesson in gram
mar .
Ans . For the applicant .
5. Give a list of ten subjects that you would consider
suitable for a fifth grade pupil to write about .
Ans .- ( 1) A visit to the country . (2) The pictures
on the school room wall . (3) Christmas time . ( 4 ) My
pets . (
first day at school . ( 5 ) Grandmother's visit . ( 6 ) My
7) Thanksgiving Day . ( 8 ) Planting the garden .
( 9 ) Vacation plans. ( 10 ) My year's work .
6. (a ) What does the comparative degree of an adjec
tive denote , and how should it be used ? ( b ) Does the pas ..
sive verb express action ?
Ans. The comparative degree expresses the quality
(a )
in a higher or lower degree and is used in comparing two
objects or classes of objects , as James is taller than his
brother . ( b ) The passive form represents its subject not
as acting but as receiving the action.
7. Write four sentences illustrating the correct use of
sit
and set
.
on by
Ans.-- ( 1) )
sitsit
Sit down and be quiet. (2 Let me
.
He
sit
you may that chair May
in
3
4
«
I
)
(
(
)
.
.
the front seat
?
Set the pitcher Mother will set
on
the table
2
1
(
)
.
(
)
the hen today Let Mary set the chair near the door
( 3
)
.
.
4
( Did John set out those trees
8. )
in
Give the syntax the italicized words the
of
a
(
)
following He walked twenty miles that day
if (b
“
)
:
go
.
If
will
or
Which correct rains tomorrow
it
is
? it
;
I
:
go
rain tomorrow will
I
Ans Miles and day are nouns the objective case
in
a a
(
)
.
without governing word Nouns devoting time meas
,
“
value after verbs and adjectives are in the objective
.
or
ure
,
governing rains
” is
word
If
it
case without
a
b
.”
"
.'
(
)
indicative present and denotes present time
If
rain
it
“
.
subjunctive present and denotes future time Hence
is
,
.
go
rain tomorrow will
If
is
correct
it
I
“
.
Analyze diagram The happiest man
he
or
9.
is
who
,
:
being above the troubles which money brings has his hands
,
of
the fullest work

.
6. The
is
Ans This complex declarative sentence

,
is a
.
is .
he
happiest man the complete subject and who
,
”
“
being above the troubles which money brings has his hands
,
predicate
is
of
the fullest work the complete

”
Isis .
the complete subject modified by
of
Man the basis

,
,
?
“
the
is
he
the adjectives the and happiest "
'
Is
“
.'
'
the complete predicate the predicate verb

of
basis
”,
,
.
unmodified He the predicate pronoun modified

byis
is
,
,
"
.
who being above the troubles which money brings has

,
,
"
omplex adjective element

of
his hands the fullest work

а
.
,
the third class

of
of
which who's its connective and

!!
" is
,
its
subject and predicate Who modified

iş
has
is
?
,
'
by
being above the troubles which money brings com

a
',
19
"
'
its
of
plex adjective element the first class Being

,
.
"
by
modified above the troubles which money

is
basis
,
"
brings
of
complex adverbial element the second class

a
,
.
and
is
its its
Above the leader basis modi

is
troubles
,
,
by
,
”
fied the adjective clause which money brings

,
“
brings
.
'
its
Money subject predicate

is
is
and
,
,
?
” ”
'
its
object and connective

is
which
"
modified by
of
Has his hands the fullest

is
“
"
'
a '
of
complex object element the first class

"
,
work
.
by
its
Hands basis modified the pronoun and

is
his
a
,
,
”
“
"
"
by the fullest complex adjective element

of
of of
work
“
,
”
its
the first class which fullest basis modified

is
,
,”
,
"
by
by
the prepositional phrase

of
the adverb the and

“
"
'
work
“
."
STATE OF KANSAS
10. Give the syntax of the italicized words in the fol

lowing : Young men who spend many years at school and
in college are too apt to forget the great end of life, which
is to be and to do , not to read and brood over what other
men have been and done .
Ans .— “ Who ' is a relative pronoun and is used as the
subject of the verb !! spend , 2 college ”, is a noun used
as the object of the preposition " in " ;
are
the pre
is
?
too apt the
is
dicate verb an adverb modifying
"
”,
;
"
predicate adjective ;'
forget infinitive modify
an
is to
is
ing lapt "
an
predicate
do
infinitive used
to as
to
a
?
;
?
”
which
be
do
the
in
to
to
is
noun clause and
;
is
“
an
infinitive
as
brood predicate
in
used noun the
a
”
clause whichnot and brood etc. what

to
read
is
in'';
!?
”
the
conjunctive pronoun and predicate is
the clause
is
a
other men have been what the object
is
and the
in
, ”
!!
other men have done what Have
is
clause done
"
(
)
{ "!
.
predicate verb other men have done
in
the the cļause

?
what.si
GEOGRAPHY
.
Give two illustrations showing that the character
of
1.
industries depends upon geographical conditions

.
in
is
Ans New England manufacturing

In
the chief
,
.
-
dustry because the country not adapted agriculture

to
is
,
abundance of water power
an
is
but there and favorable

,
In
facilities for transporting the goods Kan
into
markets
,
.
sas the state vast fertile plain every way suitable

is
,
a a
,
for farming large scale

on
The climatic conditions too

,
,
.
are favorable for the growth

, of
many varieties
of
crops
as
such corn alfalfa wheat oats etc.

,
Explain trade winds anti trade winds monsoons hur

2.
,
,
,
-
ricanes
.
is all
Ans As the earth rotates from west

.--
east
to
(a
,
)
the air that flows from the equator towards the pole
bent toward the east The air which flows from higher
.
latitudes toward the equator because its getting into

of
regions where the speed is

of
rotation increases deflected

,
towards the west On the north side the equatorial

of
.
belts the currents become the northeast trade winds and on

the south side the southeast trade winds On the shores
b
(
)
.
of
the Indian Ocean the summer and winter winds are

,
termed monsoons The winter wind

E.
the N.
is
monsoon
.
,
; N.
to
which corresponds
of
E.
the trades the North Atlantic

and North Pacific Oceans the summer wind W.
is
the
of $
.
of
monsoon which reversal the natural course

is
the
a
trade wind owing in.draught pressure

to
the enormous
,
t
caused by the low summer pressure over Asia . ( c ) Hurri.

canes are rotary storms caused probably by atmospheric
movements in which magnetic and electric influences are
an important part .
3. How would you train children to observe weather
conditions ?
Ans . - A thermometer and barometer should be in the
schoolroom and the children should be trained to observe
them regularly . The work of the weather bureau should
be explained.
4. What would you teach children to observe on an ex
cursion to the woods, hills and valleys, near your school
house ?
Ans . — The formation of rivers , lakes and soil ; water
sheds , wearing of soil ; varieties and value of woods ;
grasses .
5. Compare India and Brazil as to geographical situa
tion , climate, chief products , animals , form of government ,
and race .
Ans . — India is in the form of a
peninsula , extending
from the Himalayas to the island of Ceylon ; east and
west from the Bay of Bengal and Siam to the Arabian Sea .
Climate , except in the mountains, tropical . Chief pro
ducts : Rice , jute, tea , opium poppy , millet , wheat , pepper ,
cotton . Animals : Elephants , tigers , monkeys , many ser
pents. Form of government : A dependency of the British
Empire .
Race : Mainly Aryan . Brazil — on the Atlantic
coast of South America extending from north of the equa
tor to below the thirtieth parallel of S. latitude . Climate :
Much the same as that of India , near the equator , but to
the south the climate is more equable . Chief products :
Coffee , sugar , cotton , tobacco , corn , cassava , maté . Animals :
Tapir, jaguar, boa constrictor , ant - eating bear , sloth ,
monkeys , manatee . Form of government : Republic . Race :
Portuguese, mixed with Indians and negroes .
6. Name a few of the advantages which the mingling
of races brings to the United States.
Many new ideas are brought
.--
Ans
in
from other coun

.
tries literature science art government Moreover our

, in
!
,
,
.
by
coming many
so
people contact with persons from

. in
lands learn tolerance

,
What goods would ship owner find profitable

to
7.
it
What cargo should

to
take from New Orleans Rio Janeiro

?
bring back
he
Ans Much grain from the upper Mississippi Valley

.—
foreign ports
its
way abroad
to
so
finds ship owner

,
would find profitable ship corn and wheat

to
Rio
to
it
,
STATE OF KANSAS 11
Janeiro . Returning , he would bring back coffee and

cassava .
8. you use in the making of relief
What materials would
maps ? What is the value of relief maps ?
Ans . ( a) Papier -maché , made of paper pulp mixed with
size or rosin ; ( b ) Mountains , valleys , etc., can be shown
on maps of that kind .
9. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of rail
road and river transportation of freight in the United
States .
Ans. - Freight is cheaper by river transportation but it
is more expeditious to send goods by railroad , and so money
is saved . If , however , the merchant is in no hurry to
receive the goods, it might be an advantage to ship by
water .
the
10.
Name prevailing language Brazil Peru
in
,
Switzerland Austria Persia Egypt
,
b ,
.
.
Ans Portuguese Spanish French Ger
,
;
c
a
(
)
(
)
(
)
man and Italian German and Slavonic Turkish
;
e
d
;
)
(
(
)
and Arabic Coptic

;
)
(f
ANCIENT HISTORY
.
of
Discuss the principal contributions the ancient
1.
Phoenicians and Hebrews civilization

to
The Phoenicians were the first

—
Ans employ com

to
a
.
their chief contribution

to
plete alphabet and this civiliza

is
,
They were much engaged and estab

in
tion commerce
.
lished colonies along the borders

of
the Mediterranean Sea ex ;

tbus thus their knowledge
of
the arts and sciences was

the people whom they encountered The chief
to
tended
.
the Hebrews was their law literature and

of
contribution
,
religion The moral and spiritual ideals

of
the ancient
.
all
of
Hebrews have become the possession civilized nations

.
Describe the principal features Egyptian civiliza

of
. 2.
tion
the Egyptians was determined
of
Ans The civilization

.
by
large measure physical characteristics their country

of
in
The food supply was abundant and easily obtained thus

,
supporting large population Their political organization

a
was such that the rulers could employ great numbers

. of
great temples and monuments

of
the construction
in
men
of
They developed type architecture whose chief charac

a
teristic was its massiveness They practiced the art

of
writ
.
ing using the leaves

of
the papyrus plant paper They

as
,
the arts and were acquainted with some

in of
were skilled
in
the sciences particularly mathematics and astronomy Their

,
religious system gave the priests great authority and

fluence . They believed in a future life and in an unseen

god. In many particulars , however their religion was de
basing .
A system of castě prevailed .
3. Explain the Athenian government and the way in
which Athens gained leadership in the Greek world .
the best period was
.--
The government
of
Ahs Athens
in
This fostered the spirit patriotism Athens
of
democracy
a
.
gained the position leadership Greece partly through
, of
in
superiority literature philosophy and art and chiefly per
in
,
,
haps through the part which the Athenians under the leader
,
ship of Themistocles had
of
the final defeat the Persians
in
the battle of Salamis
in
.
Describe the physical geography Italy
of
Italy
Ans4.
.
peninsula extending from the
of
—
consists
a
.
Alps towards the southwest and surrounded except
on
the
north by the Adriatic the Mediterranean and the Tyr
,
,
rhenian Seas Northern Italy contains the valley
.
of
the
.
its
Po with that river and the principal fea
as
tributaries
,
by
ture Southern Italy traversed the Apennine moun
is
.
.
tains the streams flowing down the two slopes being with
,
,
few exceptions comparatively small Southern Italy and
,
.
Sicily are subject
of
the island volcanic disturbances the

to
,
two noted volcanoes being Vesuvius and Aetna
of
on
Write short and definite statement
5.
each the
( a
followings the Roman Empire

of
The establishment
1
)
.
by
the Mediterranean region
( of
The conquest Rome

(3 (2)
.
Demosthenes Hannibal The Athenian
4
5
.
)
(
)
.
Acropolis
( .
Augus
by
.-
Ans The Roman Empire was established

1
)
tus Caesar who became emperor in following the

27
B.
in C.
,
Antony
of
31
in
B.
of
defeat the battle Actium

C.
2
(
)
The conquest the Mediterranean region was completed
of
by
the victory Scipio Africanus

; of
over Hannibal
in
the
by
Scipio
of
second Punic war the destruction Carthage

Aemilianus the third Punic war the annexation of
in
and
;
of
in the
Macedonia and Greece following Philip

;
defeat
Pompey the Great
of
the victories Asia Minor Phoenicia

,
and Syria Demosthenes was the most famous orator

3
His
(
)
.
in
to
appeals
of
the Athenians resist the

to
Greece
of.
Philip Macedon are known as Philipics

of
vasion
“
."
in
the Carthaginians
of
Hannibal was the leader the

4
(
)
second Punic war He led his army from Spain Italy

to
.
Alps finally Africa

of at
over the He was defeated Zama

in
.
by Scipio Africanus The Acropolis Athens con

in
5
.
(
)
of
tained some the most famous works art which have

ever been created among them the Parthenon temple
or
,
,
of
which are still greatly admired

of
Athene the ruins

,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 13
UNITED STATES HISTORY .

1. Discuss the value of the study of history .
Ans. - History shows us how the present is based upon
the past ; to determine what the present and the future
should be by what , we know of the past ; ' gives us
biographies of great men and eminent women ; shows us
how to avoid errors, and stimulates ủs to strive for the best .
2. Discuss the best methods of arousing interest in his
tory throughout the various grades.
In
Ans . - the lower grades much use should be made of
pictures , stories , stereoscopic views , poetry . Indeed , these
should be carried through all the classes . In the higher
classes there should be compositions and debates on im .
portant questions and eſinent persons .
3. Do you consider names or dates more important in
the study of history ? State your reasons.
Ans . - The names of persons are always more interest
ing, but there are many dates which cannot be ignored ,
such as 1620 , 1776 , 1861 , 1865 , 1812 , 1815 .
4. (a ) What proportion of the work in the history reci
tation should be written ? ( b ) What should be the charac
ter of history study in the lower grades ?
Ans. (a ) About one half, but that depends upon the
character of the subject . (b ) See
5. Name the wars of our country . giving the
cause , date, and result of each .
Alimber
Ans. - Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 ; taxation without
representation and successive acts of oppression . Result :
Independence . War of 1812 ; impressment of American
şeamen by British ships .' The question was left unsettled .
Mexican War - 1846-1848 - mainly a desire for extension of
territory on part of the South . Result : a large acquisition
of territory from Mexico . The Civil War - 1861-1865 .
Cause : slavery and states rights . Results : " Abolition cf
slavery .
6. Discuss the growth and development of civil service
reform .
Ans . — President Ulysses S. Grant'in 1871 appointed a
Civil, Service Commission . George William Curtis was chair
man The committee reported in December , but owing to
the influence of politicians, it was not until 1883 thať re
form was directed by Congress. President Arthur placed
14,000 employes under the rules of promotion by merit and
examination . Since that time the reform has been steadily
advancing . Presidents . Cleveland , Harrison , Roosevelt and
Taft continued the work begun in the seventies . A Civil
Service Commission sits at Washington interpreting and

enforcing the law . The total number of places now under
the Civil Service Commission is more than 400,000 . Presi .
dent Wilson is in sympathy with the work .
7. Was the Dred Scott Decision just ? Give your rea
Sons .
Ans. - By the letter of the law , yes ; by the higher law , no .
8. Name ten pivotal dates in the history of the United
States .
Ans . — 1607, 1620 , 1776 , 1789 , 1820 , 1854 , 1861 , 1865 ,
1898 , 1910 .
9. Name ten men and women whose names are important
historically .
Ans . —George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin
Franklin , Abraham Lincoln , Samuel B. Morse , Thomas Edi
son , Washington Irving , Ulysses S. Grant , Robert E. Lee ,
Peter Cooper ; Mrs. Martha Washington , Miss Frances
Willard, Miss Jane Addams , Mrs. Julia Ward Howe , Miss
Susan B. Anthony , Clara Barton , Helen A. Keller , Nórdica ,
Mary A. R. Livermore , Maude Adams .
10. Discuss the sixteenth and seventeenth amendments .
Ans .— The sixteenth amendment was proposed by the
House and Senate in July , 1909 , and was approved by the
President . In 1913 it was ratified by three - fourths of the
state legislatures . The amendment gives authority to
Congress to levy taxes on incomes without apportionment
in the several states . The seventeenth amendment was pro
posed in 1912 and was ratified by the required number of
state legislatures . The amendment provides for the election
of United States Senators by a direct vote of the people
instead of by the state legislatures . This amendment went
into effect in 1913 .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. Whatadvantages does Kansas derive from its
geographical situation ?
Ans. It is on a number of the main railroads from the
Atlantic , and is likely to be on several roads from northern
points to the Gulf of Mexico. It has a desirable climate ,
and is favorably situated as to markets.
2. Name eight Kansas minerals and tell in what part
or parts of the state each is found .
Ans . — Lead and zinc in the southeast part ; coal in many
of the eastern counties ; salt in Kingman , Reno , Salino
oil
and Ellsworth ; gas and the southeast gypsum

in
in
the
;
STATE OF KANSAS 15
northern , central and western parts ; cement , lime and build

ing stone in many places .
3. What relation had the following -named persons to
Kansas : Stephen A. Douglas , Eli Thayer , Andrew H.
Reeder, Wilson Shannon , Abraham Lincoln , Thomas Carney ,
John A. Martin , William A. Peffer , Amos A. Lawrence ,
George T. Anthony ?
Ans .-
( a) He introduced the Kansas - Nebraska Act . (6)
Connected with the New England Emigrant Aid Society.
He was a resident of Worcester , Mass . ( c ) First Terri .
torial governor .
spoke in Philadelphia on
(
d) Second Territorial governor .
January
e) Ho
30 , 1861, when the flag
(
,
of the United States with the additional star for Kansas ,
was raised over Independence Hall. ( f ) Second governor
of the State of Kansas . ( 9 ) Governor of Kansas 1877
1881. ( h ) United States Senator from Kansas , 1891-1897 .
( i ) One of the founders of the New England Emigrant
Aid Society and the University of Kansas . The city
of Lawrence was named for him . ( ) Governor of Kansas j
1877-1879 .
4. What changes for the better have been made in
methods of farming in Kansas ?
Kansas State Agri
the
Ans. - Under the leadership of

cultural College the farmers the state are using scientific
of
methods and farms are becoming more productive

,
.
Tell briefly what the duties are
of
the State Board

5.
of
Administration Name the institutions which are under

of .
the management the Board

.
—
of
Ans The Board has taken the place the several

.
Regents which formerly had control

of
of
Boards the three

In
educational institutions addition the Board has been

,
.
given control the Kansas School for the Deaf and the
of
Kansas School for the Blind

.
What are the provisions the law relating

of
to
6.
the
teachers retirement fund
?
'
applies
ofof
Ans the first class

to
cities The fund

It
.-
created by
.
of an
not more than one and one

is
assessment
half per cent salary paid
to
every installment
of
the
teacher The city sets aside sum not less than one and
a
.
one half times the amount salary assessments teacher

of
A
-
having had thirty years experience

of
fifteen
in
these the
,
entitled to 500 per annum

'
city granting the pension

is
,
give only
of
There are number other clauses but we the

a
most important
.
of
What and where the State School Mines

7.
is
Ans At Weir The purpose taught such

to
have
is
.
mining and metallurgy will give fair

as
in
branches
a
technical knowledge of mines and mining .

8. What are the duties of the State School Book Com
mission ?
Ans .— To prepare , or to contract for books to be used
in the schools of the state .
9. For what purposes, besides the regular schools , are
boards of education empowered to open schoolhouses ?
Ans . - For religious , political , literary , scientific , me
chanical 'or agricultural societies .
10. Name three different maps that should be used in
the study of Kansas history ?
Ans.- Political , relief , and maps of products .
1
MODERN ' HISTORY .
1. What is meant by the term “ Primary sources ” in
history ?
Ans. - Original sources . For instance , the history of
its
Kansas can be found in newspapers and periodicals
.
or
Name five causes which led
—
2.
remote immediate
. -
to
the French Revolution
of
Ans was the result tyrannical gov
of
centuries
It
.
ernment the unjust privileges given the aristocracy and

to
;
the clergy the educative influences French literatureof

;
and philosophy the influence of

the American Revolution
;
;
of
the effect the Renaissance and the Reformation
.
What had the Holy Alliance
do
with the Monroe

to
3
.
Doctrine
?
by
Ans The Alliance was league formed Russia Aus

.—
tria and Prussia The object of the Alliance was really ,

.
neutralize and check the tendencies toward liberal forms

of to
government especially The activity

in
South America
;
to .
of the Alliance caused President Monroe issue the Doc

trine which bears his name
.
Name the European governments with which Presi

4.
Wilson has been correspondence rela in

in
dent Woodrow
tion the war Mexico Why are nations Europe
in
in
to
in
the war
in
terested
?
Ans Great Britain France Germany Spain

6
(a
)
)
(
.
Because they have many investments Mexico

in
.
5.
Associate important events history with the fol

in
lowing named persons Mirabeau Gladstone Metternich

,
;
, ,
-
Garibaldi Dom Pedro De Lesseps Alexander

II
of
Rus
,
(
,
sia James Watt Rembrandt Benjamin West

,
),
shortly
.
Ans great French statesman who died

A
a
Louis XVI
(
)
to
before the Revolution began Counsellor

.
STATE OF KANSAS 17
and his queen ; ( 6 ) The famous statesman su long connected

with the British government . Advocate, of Home Rule in
Ireland ;
( c ) Celebrated Austrian minister , one of the chiefs
in the Congress of Vienna ; ( d) Connected with the move
ment which led to the unification of Italy . A great mili
tary leader ; ( e) The emperor of Brazil until the Revolu
f
tion of 1889 drove him out ; ( ) Emperor of Russia . He
emancipated 46,000,000 of serfs . On March 13 , 1881 , he
was assassinated ; ( g ) Inventor of the steam engine_1785
-as now used . Native of Scotland ; ( h ) Celebrated Dutch
painter , 1607-1669 . Painter of many famous pictures ; i) (
American -English historical and portrait painter . Born in
Pennsylvania ; lived the last years of his life in London .'
6. What was the difference between the German Con
federation of 1815 and the German Empire established in
1871.8
Anş . — The Confederation was much like the American
Confederation , a loose alliance of states , and it may be
said that the Empire was to the Confederation what the
American Constitution of 1789 was to our Articles of
Confederation .
7. What is the form of government in Australia ? In
South Africa ?
Ans . - Both are practically , self -governing countries under
the British government .
the
8. How have discoveries in science promoted health

of
and comfort mankind

?
Ans By leading better housing living and dressing

ofto
;
-
.
by
the enforcement sanitary regulations wherever peo

in
as
ple are living large masses cities

in
.
sta
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
would you teach respect for law What are

1.
How
?
the three great branches our government and

of
whom
in
,
authority vested
is
?
By
be
to
requiring respected the school

..
in
Ans
it
(a
)
.
by
room and formal instruction from books Execu

. ;
,
(
)
tive authority the President legislature author

; in
vested
,
;
,
ity vested Congress judicial authority vested

in
the
in
Supreme Court
.
What are the legal qualifications for our

in
2.
voter
a
state elections
or ?
of
Ans He
be
one years age must

—
she must twenty

;
.
'
-
of
of
have been resident the state six months and the

a
precinct thirty days Idiots lunatics convicts and paupers

,
,
.
"
are not allowed In cities of the first and second

to
vote
.
class voters must register before election

,
,
3. How long may the sessions of a Kansas legislature be ?

How much is each member paid and for how many days ?
Ans . - Regular session , fifty days ; special session thirty
days . The sessions may be extended in both cases , but no
pay is allowed for the extra time . The pay is three dollars
per day .
4. State briefly the powers of the Interstate Commerce
Commission .
Ans . - It controls railroad rates in interstate commerce ,
and has the power to punish companies and officials who
violate the regulations of the Commission .
5. How has the national government helped to develop
agriculture ?
Ans. - It has established a Department of Agriculture
which sends out continuously to all parts of the country,
results in experimenting , and much information relating
to all forms of farm industry . The government has given
by the authority of Congress , large tracts of land to
agricultural colleges ; also appropriations in money for ex
periment stations .
6. Define the Monroe Doctrine and give an instance in
which its provisions were applied .
Ans . It is the policy of the United States in regard to
foreign interference in American affairs . Any attempt by
a European power to gain territory in the western hemi
sphere by conquest , will be considered an act hostile to the
United States. The French occupied Mexico while our
Civil War was in progress , but withdrew under pressure
by the United States .
7. What was the general import of the Dillingham bill
regarding immigration vetoed by President Taft ?
Ans . — The bill restricted immigration in many particulars .
Immigrants were required to read in some language . This
all
provision applied to years age

of
16
aliens more than

.
Persons were exempt who could prove that they had left
their several countries because of religious persecution
.
Name the United States senators now representing

8.
Kansas Name the eight Kansas congressmen and give

.
of
number district each represents

.
Ans Senators
. H.
Joseph Bristow and William

L.
-
.
Representatives R. An
D.
Thompson First District

,
:
, .; .
Phillip P.
; Jr
thony Second Joseph Taggart Third

,
G. ,
;
_
Campbell Fourth Dudley Doolittle Fifth

A. T.
Hélver
R. ,
,
;
ing Sixth John Connelley Seventh George Neeley

;
Eighth Víctor Murdock

,
by
three ways which bill may become

9.
Mention
a
a
STATE OF KANSAS 19
law . What are the qualifications of a United States

senator ?
Ans .-
( a ) Passed by both Houses of Congress and signed
by the President ; vetoed by the President and passed by
each House over his veto ; if the President neglects to
return the bill within ten days , Sundays excepted , it be
comes law without his signature unless in the meantime
Congress adjourns . (
b) Must have attained to the age of
thirty years ; must have been nine years a citizen of the
United States , and must be at the time of election , a citizen
of the state for which he is chosen .
10. In what body must all bills for raising revenue
originate ? Who has charge now of the United States Pos
tal Department and what are his duties ?
Ans. (a ) In the House of Representatives. ( 6 ) A. S.
Burleson . He is the head of the entire postal system .
BOOKKEEPING .
1-5 . Journalize the following
transactions :
June 1. George Monroe began business with the
following resources and liabilities :
RESOURCES .
Cash .. . $ 2,000
Merchandise . 1,000
Real estate 2,500
Note of E. C. Ball . 500
Personal acct . against J. C. Doane ... 700
LIABILITY .
Note outstanding , favor E. A. Weeks 1,200
June 2. Bought merchandise of A. B. Cole , $ 3,000 . Gave in
payment note at 60 days , $ 1,500 ; note of E. C.
Ball, $500 ; city lot valued at $ 500 ; balance on
acct .
3. Bought for cash set of office books, $ 10 ; office
desk , $40 ; stamps and stationery, $ 15.
4. Sold merchandise to J. O. Gray, $ 400. Received
in payment , cash , $ 100 ; note , $ 100 ; balance on
acct .
5.
,
Paid in cash note favor of E. A. Weeks, with
interest. Face of note $ 1,200 ; interest, $10 .
6. Discounted note of J. O. Gray at bank , receiving
cash for proceeds . Face of note , $ 100 ; dis
count, $2.
8. Sold merchandise to G. C. Jones , $ 800 . Received
. in payment, cash , $300 ; note, $ 200 ; horse and
wagon for use in the business , $200 ; balance on
acct ,
1
9. Sold city lots for cash , $ 1,000 .

10. Prepaid note favor A. B. Cole , less discount . Face
of note , $ 1,500 ; discount , $16 .
Cash $ 2000 00
Mdse . 100000
Real Estate 2500 00
Notes Rec . '500 00
Personal Accts . 700 00
To Geo . Monroe $6700 00
Geo . Monroe 1200 00
To Notes Payable 1200 00
Ż
4
Mdse . 3000 00
To Notes Payable 1500 00
6 Notes Receivable 500 00
66 Real Estate 500 00
66 A. B. Cole 500 00
3
Expense 65 00
To Cash 65 00
Cash 100 00
Notes Rec . 100 00
J. O. Gray 200 00
To Mdse . 400 00
5
Notes Payable 1200 00
Interest 10 00
* To Cash 1210 00
6
Cash 98 00
Discount 2 00
To Notes Rec . 100 00
8
Cash 300 00
Notes Rec . 200 00
Expense 200 00
G. C. Jones 100 00
To Mdse . 800 00
9
Cash 1000 00
To Real Estate 1000 00
10
Notes Pay. 1500 00
' To Cash 1484 00
7 Disc . 16 00
STATE OF KANSAS 21
6–10 . Rule a ledger page and close the following ac

counts :
James Monroe , Proprietor .
Dr. Cr.
Mar. 15 ... $ 100 Mar. 1 ..... . $3000
MERCHANDISE .
Dr. Cr .
Mar. 2. $ 1000 Mar. 3. $200
6 .. 500 4. 300
16 10 . 500 5 100
8 150
9 400
16 20 . 600
EXPENSE .
Dr.
Mar. 2. $ 10
3 15
66 21 20
LOSS AND GAIN .
Merchandise inventory , $500 .
JAMES MONROE .
Mar. 151 $ 100|00||Mar . 11 $3000100
Mar. 31 Pres . Worth 3105100||Mar. 31 Loss & Gain 20500
3205100 3205100
Apr. 1Pres . Worth 310500
MERCHANDISE .
Mar. 2 |$1000|00||Mar. 31 200100
Mar. 6 500 00||Mar. 4 300100
Mar. 10 500|00||Mar. 5 10000
2000|00||Mar. 8 15000
Mår . 9 40000
Mar. 20 600.00
1750.00
Mar. 31|Loss & Gain 25000 ||Mar. 31 Invt. 500100
225000 225000
Apr. 1/Inst . 500100
EXPENSE .
Mar. 2 |Mar . 31/Loss & Gain
101001 45100
Mar. 3 1500
Mar. 21 20100
4500 4500
LOSS AND GAIN .

Mar.
Mar.
31Expense
31 Jas . Monroe
45001|Mar
20500!
.
31/Mdse . 250100
25000 25000
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Rarity , chevalier , malady , relevant , dominant , barrel ,
penitent , caliber , tough , bureau , caramel , appall , pallid ,

firkin , inoculate , sibyl , banana , recommend , prairie , mullein ,
mistletoe , gypsy , idolatry , Italian , chateau . Give a credit
-
of two for each word spelled correctly .
Ans . For the applicant.
2. Give diacritical markings for disease , eczema , antipo
des , examine , elite .
Ans .— See any dictionary .
3. What is euphony ? Define a homonym and give two
pairs as examples .
Ans .- ( a ) A pleasing or sweet sound . ( 6 ) Any two
or more words alike in sound but different in meaning , as
bare , bear , pain , pane .
4.
Write five words containing suffixes that mean one
who .
Ans . - Artist , chemist , novelist , linguist , theorist.
5. Write five words containing the Italian a that are
commonly mispronounced , and five containing x with the
sound of gz.
Ans .-
( a ) Half , calf , psalm , balm , calm . ( b ) Exhaust ,
exhibit , exotic , exist , exemplar.
6. Do you grade the spelling in all written recitations ?
Do you have competitive oral recitations in spelling ?
Ans . - For the applicant .
READING .
1. By what
means other than the reading lessons may a
Ans - It
child's ability to read be improved ?
. will greatly improve a child's reading ability
if he has much practice , for which the reading lesson af
fords only a small part of the available material and op
all
portunity . The material provided in the school branches

be
to
should used the fullest extent and children's maga

;
fur
be
zines papers and books should

so
as
to
accessible
,
nish an abundance interesting and profitable reading

of
matter Conversation also and any other means by which

,
,
.
information may gained indirectly helps reading

be
in
,
How may reading branch of school study

be
as
2.
made profitable for mental discipline

?
Ans Many the mental faculties are actively employed

of
.—
of
reading sensation perception

as
the process
in
such
;
memory and thinking The sensibilities also are fre

,
,
.
quently aroused and good taste may cultivated through

be
the subject matter and the literary style

of
the character
of the selections read Whenever action suggested an
is
.
opportunity given for cultivating the will Through read

is
.
is
ing knowledge many things

of
obtained and this

is
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 23
eminently profitable . In fact , reading may be the chief

means of an extended and thorough education .
3. What is the remedy for the mechanical calling of
words by the pupil in reading without an appreciation of
the meaning ?
Ans . — The most approved method is to require the pupil
to think what the sentence means before permitting him to
pronounce the words .
4. Nature and human experience are said to be the
sources from which authors take their subjects : what prep
aration , therefore, should be made for intelligent reading ?
The
Ans . — greater one's knowledge of nature and the
wider the range of his experiences , the more intelligent will
he be in reading . Therefore a part of a pupil's preparation
for reading should be the increasing of his general knowl
edge and the enriching of his experience . For example , a
pupil who has seen a blacksmith at work , will read , “ The
Village Blacksmith ' more intelligently and with better ex
pression than he could without having had such an ex
perience .
5. Which is more important in oral reading, knowledge
of the rules relating to emphasis , inflection , force, quality ,
etc. , or a clear comprehension of the thought to be er
pressed ? "
Ans. - A clear comprehension of the thought is the more
important . The rules are nothing more than statements
of the manner in which an intelligent reader naturally ex
presses the thought by variation of emphasis , inflection ,
force, quality , etc.
6. Why is it profitable for a pupil ( a ) to read a familiar
seleotion repeatedly ? ( b ) to read a large amount of new
matter ?
Ans .- ( a ) . In reading repeatedly a familiar selection the
pupil may give his attention principally to the manner of
expression . (b) In reading much new matter the pupil
gains new knowledge , increases his vocabulary, and thereby
increases his ability to read with appreciation and under .
standing
7. What objections may be made to each of the methods
suggested in the preceding question ?
Ans. ( a) Too much repetition tends to produce care
less and mechanical reading . (b ) In trying to read a
large amount thoroughness is sometimes sacrificed .
8. How may a child gain ability to pronounce correct .
ly at sight words not previously learned ?
Ans : Words that have become familiar to the ear when
seen for the first time in print are often suggested by the
context and readily pronounced by the pupil at first sight .

Drill in a good system of phoneties gives the ehild a key
to pronunciation ,
9. With what grade of pupils is it proper to begin to
teach reading as a means of getting the author's thought
from the printed page ?
Ans . Beginning with the first lesson reading should be
taught as a thought -getting process .
10.
good oral reading
of
Mention three charaoteristics
and tell why you regard each important
as
.-
.
rich and resonant quality give
) of
Ans Good tones
to 1
)
(
pleasure the listener Without distinct articulation
2
,
(
difficult not impossible for the listener
to
under
if
is
it
Proper inflection must given
be
stand what
is
read
)
3
.
convey meaning (
of
order the real the author
in
to
,
PHYSICS
.
Answer any five
(
.)
of
properties
of
Name and define three
1.
the common
matter
.
of
.---
Inertia
at
Ans The tendency matter when
1
.
(
)
rest unless acted upon by some disturbing

; to
at
rest remain
to
tendency
of
force and the matter motion continue

in
in
motion the same direction and with the same pelocity
in
by
or
unless the motion hindered some force

is
accelerated
or .
Gravitation The attraction which any particle
2
.
)
(
any partiele
of
matter has for
of
mass other the force the

of ,
attraction depending upon the product the two masses

Elasticity
of
and the square the distance The tend

(3
.
original form when

of
to
ency substances resume their

forcibly changed
of or
shape
in
size
.
Explain the effect two unequal forces acting upon

2.
by
in
the same body but different directions Illustrate

.
parallelogram experiment
an
or
Give an example describe

.
which illustrates this principle

.
of in
Ans When two forces act upon the same body

.—
dif
ferent directions each tends modify the effect the
to
,
other and the resultant effect represented direction

is
in
;
by
the diagonal parallelogram whose sides

of
and amount
a,
by
their length and direction represent the intensity and

boat when propelled by
of
the direction the two forces

A
.
force aeting right angles with the current

at
is
carried
a
diagonally across the stream

.
is
How sound transmitted from the sounding body

3.
the ear
to
Ans Sound transmitted by waves which are set

.--
is
in
by
motion the sounding body and whieh move through the

-
STATE OF KANSAS 25
air or other conductor to the tympanum .

4. Explain the operation of the electric telegraph .
Ans . - An impulse of current sent over a line is made to
magnetize a distant electro -magnet ; this electro -magnet at
tracts a small armature or piece of soft iron with suf
ficient force to produce an audible click . The electric
magnet arranged to be used in this way is called a sounder .
Pre -arranged signals are thus transmitted .
5. · What causes the sensations of heat and cold ! Why
does one substance feel hot and another cold to the touch ?
Ans . The sensation of heat and cold is caused by the
stimulation of the nerves which receive impressions of heat
and cold . When these nerves come in contact with a sub
stance whose temperature is higher than that of the body,
the substance feels warm or hot ; if the temperature of the
substance is lower than that of the body , the contaet gives
the sensation of cold .
6. When rays of light fall upon a plane mirror, in what
direction are they reflected ? In what position , therefore ,
does the reflected image appear ?
Ans . —When rays of light fall upon a plane mirror , they
are reflected in that direction which makes the angle of
reflection the same as the angle at which the rays strike
the surface of the mirror . The image appears to be back
of the mirror and in the line from the eye to the point
of reflection in the mirror and extended a distance beyond
the mirror which equals the distance of the object from
the mirror .
7. (a )If the mirror is concave and the object at a
finite distance and beyond the center of curvature ,. where
and in what form does the image appear ? Illustrate by
a drawing . ( 0 ) Is the law of reflection the same whether
the mirror is plane or concave ?
Ans . - If the mirror is concave and the object at a finito
distance and beyond the center of curvature , the image ap
pears to be on the same side of the mirror as the object,
but smaller and inverted . The laws of reflection are the
same as in the case of a plane mirror . Drawing : for the
applicant .
8. Describe an experiment which illustrates the fact of
atmospheric pressure .. Mention one practical application of
atmospheric pressure .
Ans . - Fill a glass with water by immersing it in a pan .
Invert the glass while under water and cover it with a sheet
of paper . On raising the glass thus inverted the water will
be supported by the pressure of the air on the surface of the
paper . The ordinary suction pump is an application of the
air
principle of atmospheric pressure . The pressure of the
the pipe when the pump
on
the surface raises the water
in
removes the downward pressure
.
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE
.
What the normal temperature of the body How
1.
is
?
the larger part this heat produced
of
is
?
.
Ans About 9835 degrees Fahrenheit taken under
if
a
(
)
the tongue However the temperature
of
the liver about
b is
,
.
By
or
of
90
107 degrees and the skin degrees lower
(
.
)
the oxidation fats sugars and proteids
of the body
in
,
.
Explain
2.
of
Name the three bones the arm
6
a
(
)
(
)
.
of
composition
in
children and
in
the difference the bones
aged persons
.-
.
Ans The humerus radius and ulna Car
a 6
a
of (
(
)
.
)
tilages and membranes form the first skeleton human

being Gradually the lime salts are deposited around the
.
cartilages and between the membranes until the skeleton
of
mineral mat
of
an infant would contain about one third
-
ter and two thirds animal matter In middle life the bones
-
.
about two thirds mineral matter
of
are composed
to
one
.
-
In
third animal matter extreme old age the proportion

in .
of mineral matter bones forms about three fourths their
-
weight
.
Approximately how many muscles are brought into

3.
throwing
. in
use baseball
a
Probably from 350

to
Ans
—
400
.
What are voluntary muscles and what generally

4
is
.
their shape and position

?
.-
Muscles that can be made stop

or
Ans act
a to
a
at (
)
acting will Some are shaped like fan radiate

(b
(
)
.
muscles some like spindle fusiform some like ring

(
a
a
)
Sphincter some like feather bipenmform some are

),
a
(
(
having three
or
two headed biceps other three headed

( ),
(
to
origins triceps
or
Attached bones around

,
c
)
(
openings
.
of
5.
Describe the location and uses the Eustachian

tube the thoracic duct
;
upper part
of
Ans Between the the pharynx and

a
(
)
.
the middle ear

to
maintain the same air pressure

in
the
;
middle ear that exists the outer ear and thus keep the
in
drum membrane from being pressed out position

of
b
to (
alla )
.
From the lower back part the abdominal cavity

of
point under the left collar bone carry lymph from

to
;
but the upper right half body and carry fats from
of
to
? all
the lacteals pouring into the left subclavian vein

.
is
What malaria Loºv does person gencrally be

6.
a
STATE OF KANSAS 27
come infected ? What remedy is most commonly used ?

Ans .-( a ) A disease in which the red blood corpuscles
by miscroscopic animal parasites.
are rapidly destroyed
Commonly there is a chill every second or third day at
the time of the out -swarming of the myriads of germs
from the eaten -out corpuscles . (b) The only known
method is by the bite of a female Anophiles mosquito that
has previously bitten a malarial patient . ( c ) Quinine.
7. Mention four changes in the air during breathing.
Ans . — In temperature usually becoming warmer, but
sometimes cooler ; in moisture, usually becoming more
moist , but sometimes less so ; in composition losing oxygen
and taking on carbon dioxid ; in volume, generally increas
ing because it gets warmer .
8. What proportion of the weight of the body is blood ?
What is the normal rapidity of heart beats in an adult ?
Ans . (a ) In an infant one -nineteenth , in an adult one
thirteenth . ( 6 ) From 70 to 80 or more , depending upon
time of day , food , excitement, pain , exercise , etc.
9. (a) How many muscles regulate the movement of
the eye ? ( b ) What and where is the optic nerve ?
Ans.- ( a) Six . ( 6 ) A cable of nerve threads run
ning from the back side of the eyeball and ending in the
occipital lobes at the back part of the brain . It is the
nerve of sight .
10. Describe fully the appearance, composition , and use
of cartilage .
Ans .- (a) Translucent milky white , tough, elastic , but
not as hard as bone . ( b ) Composed of a matrix in which
the spherical or hemispherical cartilage cells are imbeddeil
and by which it is made. It is enveloped in a tough con
nective tissue membrane called perichondrium , and upon
being boiled yields a gelatin - like nitrogenous food sub
stance called chondrin . Sometimes yellow or white connec
tive tissue fibers are mixed with cartilage forming fibro
cartilage . ( c ) As a temporary skeleton in infants previous
to birth ; as a substitute for bone where flexibility , elasticity
and medium hardness are required ; as cushions and binders
between bones to keep them apart and hold them together .
AGRICULTURE .
1. Discuss the helpful and harmful effects of bacteria in
the soil . What conditions are favorable to the development
of each ?
Ans . - Chemical changes are produced and a fixation of
free nitrogen from the air which are not only helpful but
necessary . Some bacteria cause acids in the soil , which
sour it and injure the plant . A moist, well aerated soil ,

supplied with organic matter , aids the first , whilst à soggy ,
untilled soil aids the latter .
2. Describe the root of the alfalfa plant . In what way
does it affect the soil ?
Ans. - The root of the alfalfa is long and covered with
tubercles . These tubercles supply nitrogen to the soil .
3. What climatic conditions are required for successful
corn growing ? Give directions for cultivating corn prop
erly and reasons for the same .
Ans . — Corn requires a high temperature , long days of
sunshine and a large amount of rain . After the corn is
planted a smoothing harrow should be used , and again after
the corn is up . This levels the ground , prevents a crust
formation , retards evaporation and destroys young weeds .
Then during the growth of the plant it should be thoroughly
cultivated . The last cultivation should be shallow , in order
not to injure the roots which spread from the main plant .
4. How does a plant gather nourishment from the soil ?
Ans. — The plant gathers soil nourishment through the
delicate membrane of the root hair .
5 . How is the hay affected if grass is allowed to stand
too long before cutting ?
Ans . - The grass becomes less palatable as it reaches
maturity , and if allowed to form seed the nutrition is lost
from the stalk in seed formation .
(
6. ( a ) Describe a perfect ear of seed corn . ( b ) How
much wheat should be planted on an acre ?
Ans . a ) A perfect ear is of good size , well filled with
deep grains evenly set on the cob . ( b ) About a bushel to
a bushel and a peck per acre .
7. Mention three leading dairy breeds of cattle , and the
principal characteristics of each .
Ans .- Holstein - Friesian , Jersey and Guernsey . The Hol
steins are the greatest milk producers . Their size , hardiness
and great milk producing qualities are characteristic . The
Jersey is small , but a good family cow , because of her milk
fat
and excess of butter - The Guernsey similar

to
to . is
the
.
Jersey but not

so
well known America

in
,
Explain fully the use plant

of
the tassel
8.
the cors
,
corn plant
of
of
Ans cluster staminate

. .—
The tassel
is
a
, , a
flowers The silk threads are stigmas and the pollen dust
from the tassel fertilizes the stigmas which causes repro
duction of the corn seed
.
Give daily food requirements for working horse

9
a
.
weighing 1000 pounds Suggest proper ration for such

a
a
.
horse
.
STATE OF KANSAS 23
Ans . A working horse of 1,000 pounds weight requires

about 26 pounds of dry food . A good ration would be 18
pounds of hay , 3 pounds of corn and 3 pounds of oats .
10. Mention three common farm operations which help
to retain the moisture in the soil , and explain how each
operation produces this result .
Ans. - By deep plowing , by subsoiling, by adding decay .
ing vegetable matter and by raising crops that require fre
quent tillage .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .

What is meant by atmospheric pressure ?
1.
Ans . - Air is a material substance and has weight . Be
its
cause of weight presses downward and the upper part

it
presses upon the lower This weight
is
of
the air known
.
as
the atmospheric pressure

.
at
What the atmospheric pressure the earth's sur
2.
is
face
?
At level the normal height

of
Ans sea the mercury
If
-
.
barometer
in
this mercury
is
column 30 inches
a
square inch will weigh nearly

, of
column has section

ofit
is a
a
pounds the weight

15
, of
This then column air
is , a
,
.
having section of one square inch We therefore say

a
15
at
that the pressure pounds

of
the air
to
sea level
the square inch
.
of
State the causes frost and snow

3.
"
night the air cools and its ability

At
Ans hold mois

to
-
.
the air cools sufficiently

If
ture decreases the moisturo

.
condensed and collect on vegetation as dew and

be
will
if
we
the temperature falls below freezing point have frost

,
instead of dew The clouds are made up of minute par

.
vapor this vapor takes

in of
If
of
ticles the condensation

.
place region whose temperature below freezing this

ofis
a
moisture gathers into crystals

of
ice various forms and

these fall as snow
..
fog and clouds

of
State the causes

4.
.
—
Ans Clouds are like fog except that they are higher
.
The particles invisible vapor unite and re

if so of
the air
in
come visible but are still small that they float

in
the
air This will take place the air cools until the dew
.
point reached
is
of
What meant by conduction

5.
is
heat Convection
?
heat through body

of
Ans The transmission

—
called
is
a
.
conduction of heat
to of .
By convection
of
meant the transmission

is
heat heat
by
from one body another actul contact distinction

in
from such transfer by radiation

.
30 COUNTY EXAMINATION QU'ESTIONS
6.State definitely the causes of winds .

Ans.- Winds are caused by the unequal pressure of air
in different places . Warm air expands and becomes lighter
and rises . The cooler air will rush in to displace the
warm air .
7. What is meant by a " high " on the weather map ?
A " low ' ' ?
Ans . - A “ high " is a region where the air pressure is
heavy and where the barometric reading is high . A " low "
is a region where the air pressure is light and where the
barometric reading is low . They indicate regions of un
equal pressure , and the movement of the winds if from a
" high "' toward a " low . "
8. Distinguish between a hurricane , cyclone and tornado .
Ans. - Hurricanes are prevalent in tropical countries .
They are whirling storms, but the whirls are not so ex
tensive as the cyclonic storms which are common farther
north and are very violent and destructive . Cyclones are
storms of the westerly winds and are common in the north
ern middle zone . As these winds pass from the west to
the east they break into vast whirls or spirals , which are
sometimes a thousand miles across . The storm center is
à region of low pressure .
Tornadoes are sudden , violent whirling storms , arising
in connection with cyclonic storms just described . One char
acteristic of them is a dark funnel -shaped extending down
to the earth . Their path is usually narrow but they are
very destructive .
9-19 . Draw an outline map of the Western Hemisphere ,
showing by arrows the directions of the prevailing winds in
each zone .
Ans.- [ For the applicant ].
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING .
1. What is the teacher's duty with reference to the
physical condition and the physical training of pupils ?
responsible for conditions
.--
Ans The teacher the

in
is
the school grounds they can

on
far
as
as
schoolroom and
,
promote pupils physical

be
or
controlled which hinder the

,
'
welfare The physical condition each pupil should

of
be
.
kept under observation and temporary ailments and perma

be ,
all
requirements
in
nent defects should considered the

which are imposed The teacher should understand the
.
of
fundamental principles hygiene and sanitation and

remedy unfavorable con
an
earnest effort
to
should make
physical growth development the pupils
of
ditions The and

.
regarded as matters less importance than

be
ro
of
should
STATE OF KANSAS 31
intellectual attainment . If the teacher discovers curable

defects which have escaped the notice of parents , informa
tion should be tactfully and courteously given .
2. Mention three items concerning the sanitary condition
of the schoolhouse which should receive the teacher's at
tention .
Ans.- ( 1) Cleanliness . The rooms and its furniture
should be kept clean and free from dust . ( 2 ) Temperature .
The room should not become too cold nor overheated . ( 3 )
Ventilation . An abundant supply of pure air should be
provided .
3. What is the proper attitude of the teacher when com
plaints are presented by parents : (
a) when complaints are
reasonable ; (b ) when the complaints are unreasonable ?
Ans. (a ) Reasonable complaints should be gratefully
and gracefully received and the occasion therefor promptly
removed , if possible . ( b ) Unreasonable complaints should
be received with perfect courtesy and composure , and with
the assurance of willingness to investigate the matter pre
sented . The wise teacher will be slow to take offense .
4. What are some of the causes of disorder in the school
room which are due to the pupil's physical condition ? How
may these causes be removed or overcome ?
Ans.- ( 1) Restlessness is frequently due to the lack of
fresh air in the schoolroom . Opening the windows or giving
a few minutes of freedom out of doors is the proper remedy .
( 2 ) Lack of attention may result from mental or physical
fatigue . Temporary change of occupation or of position
will often cause improvement. ( 3 ) An overgrown child
sometimes misbehaves in order to conceal embarrassment .
Such a pupil should be made to feel comfortable and at ease .
5. In what school branches is the recitation chiefly a
memory exercise ?
Ans . - Spelling
and parts of arithmetic , e.g. , the multi
plication tables and the combinations of numbers in ad
dition and subtraction , are chiefly memory exercises in the
recitation . Too often the recitation in such subjects as
geography , history , etc. , is but little more than a memory
drill .
6. How may the danger of overtaxing the memory be
avoided ? Is this a real danger ?
Ans . - By arousing the pupil's interest and by presenting
if its
matter in logical relations the strain the memory may

of
be reduced not removed There real danger re

in
is
a
.
quiring too much memorizing The memory only one

is
.
be
many faculties which should

of
cultivated
.
Should pupils receive definite training thinking

7.
in
,
or will the power to thinki grow spontaneously ? Whać op

portunity for such training does the school afford ?
Ans . — The pupil unconsciously grows in his power to
think ; but the teacher should plan his instruction with the
definite purpose in view of training the thinking powers .
The school gives an opportunity for training in thinking
all
which explanations are made and
in
in
in
exercises
,
exercises which call for comparison judgment and reason
,
used for
all
ing
be
the school branches may
of
Almost
.
this purpose particularly literature history geography
,
;
,
arithmetic and science Experimentation and the observa
,
.
causes and effects are especially profitable
of
tion
.
be
How may history taught
be
so
that may
8.
more
it
than memory exercise
a
?
By considering not only the facts history but
of
Ans
.
-
events the motives and pur
of
also the causes and results
,
of
poses historical personages and the means which they

employed accomplish the ends proposed the teaching
of
to
,
history may
be
made more than memory exercise

a
.
What opportunity does the school afford for self
9.
by
the pupil orally writing
in
expression
be in
(b
;
;
a
c
)
,
(
(
)
bodily activity Should self expression
of
other forms
?
-
encouraged Why
?
?
—
opportunity for self expression
in
(
Ans There the
is
a
-
)
.
oral response given the less formal

in
the recitation and
in
the pupil with the teacher fellow

in of
talk upils and others ,
;
,
-p
composition writing written recitations notes and ,

b
,
(
)
reports the
in
and certain extent
to
ofof
observations
a
,
which there may well
, be
practice penmanship
; in
,
, all
exhibited some individuality bodily movements

in
c
(
)
sitting walking running playing etc. and

of
manner
,
,
particularly the construction of objects requiring skill

in
.
The personality manifests itself chiefly through bodily
be
characteristics and habits Self xpression should en

.
-e
all
couraged because worthy accomplishment self expres

is
sion All conduct whether appropriate inappropriate

or
.
of ,
that by means which

of
the expression the self and

is
is
the person known

is
the discipline
in on
10
if
of
What the effect

is
the school
.
the pupils are interested their work Who chiefly

is
? ?
responsible for awakening such interest

school discipline disap
of
Ans Most the difficulties

in
—
.
pear when the pupils are interested their work The

in
.
an
awakening interest depends almost wholly upon

of
such
the teacher
.
STATE OF KANSAS 33
1. ( WRITING .
a) How can writing be correlated with other sub .
jects ? ( b ) What is the value of correlation in writing ?
Ans . — There should be a great deal of composition work
connected with several school studies and of course much
instruction can be given incidentally in writing . What
is written is impressed more strongly on the memory .
2. What devices do you use to get your pupils to prac
tice their writing exercises with attention and interest ?
-
3. Discuss the general laws for the study of writing .
Ans . There must be first all the equipments , as good
ink , paper , blotters ; a proper position at the desk ; much
exercise at the blackboard and on paper in all movements
leading to freedom of arm , hand and fingers ; a constant
comparing of the work of today with that of yesterday .
4. What are your standards in writing ?
Ans. — Legibility first , rapidity next, artistic excellence
when possible . Some children are naturally artists ; many
are not, but all can write legibly .
5. Discuss the use of copy books .
Ans . - Copy books are valuable in that they give models .
The books , too , are open to inspection , and the children
are likely to write carefully .
MUSIC .
1. (a ) With what studies can music be correlated ? ( b )
What is the value of correlation in music ?
.-
Ans ( a) History , literature , mathematics , civics, geo
graphy, lifé . ( b) It might be valuable as showing that
miusic is not a thing apart from serious human interest ,
that music has advanced and changed with civilization , and
that from the cradle to the grave music in some form has
been , and must continue in increasing measure to be of
vital interest to humanity .
2. ( a ) Name five of your favorite songs . ( b ) Name
five great composers .
Ans .-( a ) For the applicant . ( 6 ) Johann Sebastian
Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven , William Richard Wagner ,
Claude Achille Debussy, Richard Strauss .
3. Write the scale of G major on a staff and its rela
tive minor .
Ans. For the applicant .
4. What is a major scale .
Ans . - A scale with half - steps between 3-4 and 7-8
reckoning upward from lower tonic ) , and steps between
all
other adjacent scale tones which tones fol

in
scale
A
.
.
low tonic in order upward - step, step , half - step, step , step ,
step , half - step.
5. Write the chromatio scale of A on a staff .
6. How do you locate do when the key signature is in
flats ?
.--
Ans The signature flat farthest from clef right
Fato
(
)
on
staff degree which represents stands for count

is
;
(
)
to up
Do place With more than one flat the
or
to
down
,
.
Do place Older pupils who
on
the last
is
one next
.
know pitch names with staff degrees may
in
connection
better learn signatures flat flat
of
B
D
A
E
C
G
,
. F
,
,
,
,
memorizing staff positions for Do direct Signatures with
sharps duplicate positions
or
four flats
be to
seven these and
,
,
by
easily learned subtracting numbers
or
sharps
of
can
flats familiar signature from seven which will give
in
the
,
of
number
of
the opposite kind the comple
, in
characters
mentary signature signature major two sharps
of
.,g
,
;
e .
of
of
signature flat major five flats signature
D
, of C
;
major the clef alone signature
no
or
sharps flats
;
,
of )
sharp major seven sharps signature flat major
E
C
three flats signature major four sharps

of
E
,
;
'
.
Write six keys whose signature sharps locating
7.
in
is
,
in
do each
.
a —
Ans For the applicant
.
.
sharp affect What

8.
How note
a
does
b
a
)
)
?
(
(
A of
the effect double flat

is
sharp has Much

no
on
Ans effect
note
a
a
"
(
)
.'
erroneous teaching prevails regarding the effect acci of
dentals sharps flats cancels the staff away from
or
,
,
,
) (
signature Notes apart from the staff degrees have

,
to .
with pitch representation On the staff

do
nothing be ,
.
note heads point staff degrees representing pitches

to
sounded note forms indicating tone duration The measure

,
note tells when the tone calls for be

to
position
if of
is
it
a a
indicate the pitch

de
gin and sharp necessary

to
is
,
the
sired sign appears just before the note head leading

,
superficial observers think that the note affected

is
to
sharp makes staff degree represent half step higher

a
pitch double flat makes flatted staff degree rep

A
a
b
)
a (
.
resent half tep lower pitch

.
-s
LITERATURE
.
Washington
of
What are the chief characteristics

1.
Irving's style
?
Ans Simplicity clearness humor

.—
Explain the following words and terms taciturn

2.
;
:
STATE OF KANSAS 35
implacable soul ; weird incantation ; precipitate .

Ans. ( a ) Reserved in speech . ( 6 ) Inexorable , relentless .
( c ) Unearthly magic formula . ( d) Hurried ; done without
deliberation .
3. What is a classic ? Give three illustrations .
Ans . - A work of the highest class in literature ; one of
acknowledged excellence . Illustrations : Gray's Elegy ; Rip
Van Winkle ; Don Quixote.
4. Who wrote “ The Rising in 17769 "
Ans.- Thomas Buchanan Read .
5. Upon what incident is * The Brother of Mercy ”
based ?
Ans . - Upon the account of the death of a Brother of
Mercy , Piero Luca , in Florence , Italy .
6. By what standards would you judge good reading ?
-
Give five points .
Ans . Melodious voice ; clear pronounciation and enunci .
ation ; a natural manner ; a knowledge of rhetorical pauses ;
a thorough appreciation of the thoughts of the author.
7. · Explain : cognomen , onerous , sequestered , conning ,
legendary, superstition , inveterate propensity .
Ans . ( a) A surname . ( 6 ) Burdensome . ( c ) Secluded .
( d ) Studying . ( e) Fabulous . ( f ) Dread of the super
natural . ( )
9 Deep -rooted inclination ,
8. What directions for the study of " Evangeline "
would you give your pupils ?
Ans. To get the historical and geographical setting ;
to become acquainted with the manners, customs and re
ligion of the Acadians .
9. What is meant by " historical setting ' in literature ?
Ans . — The history connected with the story or play. In
“ The Scarlet Letter , ” for instance , the setting would be
the history , manners and customs of the Puritan settlers
in Massachusetts in the period of which Hawthorne wrote .
10. Where should the children be directed to look for
books related to the selections in the Readers and Course
of Study ?
-
Ans. In the school, home , or public library .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - BOTANY .
( Answer any five .)
1. What is meant by germination ?
Ans.Germination is the renewal of growth by the em . 1
bryo in the seed when placed under favorable conditions of
temperature and moisture.
2. How is water taken up by plants ? How is it given
off ?
Ans . - By the process of osmosis , water is taken in through

the root hairs , passes through the cortex to the stele , rises
in the xylem of the vascular bundle which is continuous with
the xylem of the stem and , by means of the network of
veins is distributed to the working cells or mesophyll of
the leaf. Water is given off from young stems through the
lenticels and from leaves through the stomata in the process
known as transpiration .
3. Where is the food of the plants made , and how ?
all
Ans . — The carbohydrate food of plants is made in
, of
green tissues but especially the mesophyll cells the
in
Carbon dioxide taken through the stomata and
in
leaves
,
.
water taken through the roots are broken down and

of in
their elements recombined form carbohydrates usually
to
,
the form starch The process called photosynthesis
in
is
.
takes place only the presence light which fur
of
. in
since
it
nishes the recessary energy The chlorophyll probably acts

as sensitizer
4. a
is .
What Where located
is
the cambium
it
?
?
Ans the growing tissue which forms
—
The cambium
is
a
.
layer between the phloem and the xylem the ordinary
in
dicotyledonous stem divides form xylem toward the
It
to
.
the stem and phloem toward the back

of
center Some stems
.
also possess cork cambium
a
How are the annual rings
of
in
the trunks
5.
trees
formed
?
The annual rings

of
Ans the trunk tree are formed

in
a
.-
by
small xylem cells produced toward the close

of
the the
growing season following spring the new xylem
In
the
.
large
of
food
of
cells added are because the abundance

,
.
These cells impinging upon the small cells the previous
of
fall cause the annual ring

.
What are fungi three fungi

of
Give names
6.
Fungi are plants which possess chlorophyll hence

no
Ans
,
-
.
Ex wheat rust mushroom

do
not make their own food

,
,
.
bacteria
.
fungi reproduce
do
How
7.
?
by
Ans Fungi reproduce spores

-
.
.
of
Draw diagram flower giving names parts

of
8.

.
.
by
What meant corn grown

9.
fertilization
of
is
stalk
A
.
far away from other growing corn will have but few
-
any
if
grains Why
on
the cob
?
.
of
Ans Fertilization the union the male nucleus with

is
.
by
the egg Corn requires cross pollination

in
the ovule
is .
wind The pollen produced the tassel while the stig

in
.
the tips
of
matic surface only

It
the silk
at
is
is
chance
a
.
STATE OF KANSAS 37
if pollen from another plant reaches the silk of the isolated

plant .
10. What are parasites ? How and where do they get
their food ? Name two plants that are parasites .
Ans . - Parasites are fungi living upon either other living
plants or animals , called their host. They obtain their food
in solution from the host by the process of osmosis - Ex . Corn
smut , lilac milden .
June 19 and 20 , 1914 .
1.
ARITHMETIC
How does a child get the idea of numbers ?
.
Ans . A child gets his idea of numbers from his actual
experience with concrete objects . Later the symbol takes
the place of the object and he becomes able to think of
numbers in the abstract .
2. How may the result of division be checked to insure
accuracy ?
Ans . Division may be checked to insure accuracy in the
following ways : 1. By reviewing the work . 2. By
multiplying the division by the quotient to find the di
vidend . 3. By casting out the 9's.
3. In multiplication what is the relation of abstract and
concrete numbers ?
Ans . In multiplication the multiplier is always thought
of as abstract. The product is like the multiplicand .
4. Explain fully the process of dividing 57 by k .
Solution :
If
line B is 1 , then line
B
A B is .
-
B A = 11.
That is using the number values,
2
3
::
1 + ; = 11 or 32 and
= 2 + 32 = 3
= 3 + 32 = 41
j
* = = 4 + 32 = lf
and so on .
Thus it will be seen that to divide by a fraction we may
multiply by its reciprocal .
54 + 3 = 54x8 = 1 19-21 .
5. Define the following terms : Abstract number, mul
tiplicand , lowest terms , decimal fraction , discount .
Ans. An abstract number is one not applied to any par
ticular object . The multiplicand is the number that is
multiplying the divisor by the quotient to find the di
the numerator and denominator are prime to each other.
A decimal fraction is a fraction whose denominator is 10
or some power of 10. Discount is a deduction made on a
price or amount .
6. An agent buys 100 dozen eggs which he sells to a
grocer at a profit of 20 per cent . The grocer sells the
eggs for $22.44 and makes a profit of 10 per cent . What
STATE OF KANSAS 39 .
did the eggs cost the grocer per dozėn ? the agent ?
Solution :
The grocer's selling price is 110 % of the grocer's cost
price .
110 % of the grocer's cost price.
110 % of grocer's cost = $22.44
Grocer's cost = $ 22.44 1.10
= $20.40
:
$ 20.40 :-100 = $.2046
Therefor the eggs cost the grocer 2045 cents per dozen .
The grocer's cost is the agent's selling price which is
120 % of the agent's cost price.
120 % of agent's cost = $20.40
Agent's cost = $ 20.40 :- $ 1.20
= $ 17.00
$ 17.00 :-100 = $.17
Therefore the eggs cost the agent 17 cents per dozen .
7. What is the value of the bricks in a kiln 60 feet long ,
25 feet wide, and 9 feet high , each brick being 8 inches
by 4 inches by 2 inches , at $9 a thousand ?
Solution.
60 X 25 X9X1 cu . ft . = 13,500 cu . ft . or volume of the kiln .
X * X46X1 cu . ft . = 127 cu. ft . or volume of one brick .
13,500 cu. ft . 127.cu • . ft
. = 364,500 or number of brick
364,500
364.5
-
in the kiln .
1000 = 364.5
X $9.00 =
or
number of thousands .
$3280.50 or value of the bricks .
8. A square lot has an area of 169 square rods. How
lot
How far
lot
far is it around the around four

is
it
a
?
times this area The second perimeter how many times

is
?
the first
?
Solution.
Number of rods
in
one side 169 13

V
4X13 rd perimeter
.. 52
the first lct

:rd
of
=
.
=
.sq
.sq
area of second lot

rd
4X169
rd
676
=
.
.
Number of rods 676 = 26

in
one side
V
rd = 104 rd
26
4X perimeter
of
second lot
.
the perimeter
: 52
rd
of rd
Since 104 twice

of
is
.
twice perimeter first

is
second
.
the amount of principal and interest

on
What
9.
is
750
$
February per
10
borrowed cent and 1800 borrowed

at
6
$
,
,
April at per payment

on15
cent the being

? in
both cases
5
,
of ,
September
20
made the same year

Solution
.
Sept.
10
20
da
to
From Feb.
is
222
.
/
Int . on $ 1.00 at 6 % for 222 da . = $ .037

Int . on $ 750 at 6 % for 222 da . 750 X $.037 $27.75 .
1 750 + $27.75 = $777.75 = amount .
From April 15 to Sept. 20 is 158 da .
Int . on $ 1.00 at 6 % for 158 da . = $.0263
Int . on $ 1800 at 6 % for 158 da . 1800 X $ .0263
= $47.40
16 of $47.40 $7.90 = Int . at 1 % for 158 da .
$47.40 $ 7.90 = $39.50 = Int . at 5 % for 158 da .
$ 1800 + $39.50 = $ 1839.50 =
- amount .
$ 777.75 + $ 1839.50 = $2617.25 = total amount due
Sept. 20.
10. A boy has a ball tied to a string 1 yard 6 inches
long . As he swings it around , how long is the circumference
.
traveled by the ball ? What is the area of the circle in
closed ?
Solution
1 yd . 6 in . = 31 ft .
The circumference of
a circle is equal to twice the
radius multiplied by 3.1416 .
C = 2X31X3.1416
Therefore the circumference is 21.9912 ft .
The area of a circle is equal to the square of the radius
multiplied by 3.1416
Area 494X3.1416 = 38.4846
Therefore the area is 38.4846 sq . ft.
ALGEBRA .
1. What is the law of signs in multiplication and sub
traction ?
Ans : -Like signs of multiplicand and multiplier give a
positive product ; unlike signs of multiplicand and multi
plier give a negative product. Subtracting a negative
number is equivalent to adding a positive number of the
same absolute value .
Subtracting a positive number is
equivalent to adding a negative number of the same absolute
value .
2. How may an equation be derived from another
equation ?
Ans . -
An equation may be derived from another equa
tion inthe following ways : ( 1 ) By adding the same or
the
equal numbers to both members of given equation

2
.
)
(
By subtracting the same

or
equal numbers from both mem

bers By multiplying both members by the same num
) 3
(4 (
)
by
.
ber By dividing both members the same number

) .
By changing either member any way that does not

in
5
(
alter its value

.
STATE OF KANSAS 41
3. Simplify the following espressions :

( 1) a = [ b + ( c + 22 ) - ( y - 2) ] .
[6-10- [ d- exf -9
---
( 2) a ( ) ] +h)
k
.]
Solution.
am
7-2
22
—
[ 6— 6 +
+
1
c
(
)
- [
[ 4- + )
(
-- )]
y
-2x
=
a
( ( 0-
%
2
) + +
g
[
h h
(
)
e
bm6—( -k
0- [
(
-
-
f + f
+ f- )
) )
] ]
a- d_e
=
+ 9
-k
]
mate
de
[
h
-
]
am
= =
f +
6
- o
+ 9
+ h
. k
[
+ -
-
+ f
-
-
ate
]
a4b
a
9
h
k
Perform -
operations indicated
4.
the
.
2ab
by
Multiply
+ a2
+ .82
+ ab
+63
+
by+
2 1
a
) )
( (
a2
62
03
Divide
+
2ab 2bc
+
+
a
c
.
Solution
a2 .
a2ab
+ ab
24
02
63
+58 +62
+
ab3
=
+
1
(
(
)
)
(
-ab4
+ 05
.
+ b2
a a2
c2
2
2ab 2ac 2bc

++
+
(
)
b
a
c
=(
)
b
.c
Factor the following

5.
04— 02-02
3 2 1
2
( ( (
) ) )
)
.
tbc
32
20
bx
—
-
2462546—105
.
Solution
.
022 202
a2
a2_ 0242
=
+
1
2
(
)
]
(
) [
02 )
02-2 a2--02
a2
) +
(
x
==
)
(
22-03-03 3-6
bc
+
(<
2
4
(
)
-
2x ( (
. ). )
4x=
( 6 -
– x
) c
)
–
(
24.x254.6—105
=
+
3
7
(
)
Solve for and verify

6.
3a :
22—46
^
3
5
x
)
(
4
.
45
Solution
.
446 1–3a
5
(
3
)
(
1
(
)
40
a
by
Multiply 4ab
(1
-5a
)
126 3446 36–3a 16ab

=
2
(
)
(
Multiply first member

in
out
1262—4862--5ax 1522 16ab
+
3
.
(
)

( 12 ~ 5a ) x = 4862 + 16ab15a2
4
Factor the right member
(126—5a (
x= 126-5a ) (46 + 3a )
Divide ( 5 ) by the coefficient of x
(5 )
x =45 + 3a . ( 6)
-
Verification : Substitute value of x for æ in equation ( 1 ) .
3 ( 45 + 3a 46 5 (46 + 32–3a
4.
a 40
9-5 =4
4 = 4.
7. Simplify the following :

C - 1-2
A + --) = ( --)
1+x 1 +x C
Solution .
1-3 2 1
( t -) =
1 +2 1+
22 + 1-22 22-1 + x2
* ( 1 + x) * ( 1 + x)
1 2x2-1
* ( 1+ x ) * ( 1+ x )
1 * ( 1 +x )
( 1 +3 )
Х
2x2-1
2021
8. Solve the following : equations :
(1) ata 20
= 1.
btc a
(2) X - 9
+ 2.
2-12 X- 7
Solution .
( 1) ata -
1. (1 )
btc
STATE OF KANSAS
Multiply ( 1 ) by a ( b + c )
a2 + ax - bx - cx = a (b + c) ( 2)
(a- b — c) x = a ( b + c) -02
Factoring the right member
( a —5— c)x = -ala b - c)
Divide by ( a - b - c)
X= -a. ( 5)
(2 ) 249
3-12
+
-7 = 2 ( 1)
Multiply ( 1) by ( x — 12 ) ( x - 7)
202—16x + 63 +x2–16x + 48 = 20238x + 168
6x = 57 (3 )
Divide ( 3 ) by 6
91.
9. Solve the following and verify :
=2c .
Jaya +c ) + b ( y 0) = 22—62 .
Ty
a (x +c ) +b ( y — c) = a2—62
Y - X = 26 (2)
Multiply out in ( 1)
ax +ac + bybc= a2—62 ( 3)
Transpose in ( 3 )
ax + by = 22-02 - ac +bc
Solve ( 2 ) for y in terms of 2
y = x + 2c (5 )
Substitute value of y for y in ( 4)
ax +bx + 2bc = 22—62_ac +ba (6)
( a + b ) x = a2–62 - ac - bo ( 7)
Factor the right member of ( 7 )
( a + b ) x = ( a + b ) (amm ) ( 8)
Div.de ( 8 ) by ( a + b )
x = 0-6-6 ( 9)
Solve ( 2 ) for x in terms of y
x = y - 2c ( 10 )
Substitute for x in ( 4)
ay - 2ac + by = a2-62 - actbo ( 11 )
( a + b) y = 92_12 + ac + bo ( 12 )
( a + b) y = ( a + b ) ( a - b + c) ( 13 )
Divide ( 13 by ( a + b )
y = 24b + c ( 14 )
bc
Verification : From ( 1 )
a (a —
a2-22
+ c) + (
= 22–32 .
ab + c- c) = 2262
From ( 2 )
a4b + ama +b +c = 20
2c = 2c.
10. A is
100 units east from B.
ward each other , they will meet in 4 minutes ; but
If
A and B move to
both if
move west A overtakes B in 20 minutes
, . Find their rates
of speed .
Solution .
Let u ==No. of units per minute of A ,
and y = No. of units per minute of B.
Then 4. = No. of units À travels in 4 minutes ,
and 4y No. of units B travels in 4 minutes .
Then by the first condition
4x + 4y = 100 ( 1)
'Also 20x No. of units A travels in 20 minutes,
and 204 No. of units B travels in 20 minutes.
Then by the second condition
203—20y = 100 (2 )
Divide ( 1 ) by 4
x+ y = 25 (3 )
Divide ( 2 ) by 20
* —y =2.5
, (4 )
Add ( 3 ) and ( 4 )
2x = 30 (5)
Divide ( 5 ) by 2
x = 15 ( 6)
Subtract (4) from (3)
2y = 20 ( 7)
Divide ( 7 ) by 2
y = 10 (8)
Therefore A travels 15 units per minute and B travels
10 units per minute .

1. Is facility in the use of
language or technical knowl .
edge of grammar , of more importance to the common -school
pupil ?
Ans. Facility in the use of language is the more im
portant .
2. Explain fully how you would develop story telling in
the primary grades .
Ans . The teacher herself should be an accomplished story
STATE CF KANSAS 45
teller . Care should be exercised in selecting the stories to

be told . Every story no matter of what nature , should be
told seriously . Pupils should be given opportunities to ie .
peat the stories told by the teacher ; to tell stories learned
at home ; to tell stories read in books or papers ; and to
tell original stories .
3. What is the benefit derived from poem study in the
first , second , and third grades ?
Ans . Increases the pupil's vocabulary ; develops an ap
preciation of rhythm ; awakens the imaginative powers ;
gives an opportunity for study of the choice of words ;
cultivates a taste for good literature ; exercises the memory
4. Write two paragraphs on the “ Grammar Recitation .”
:
5. Discuss letter writing in the third grade .
Ans . The purpose of letter writing in the third grade
is the same as in the higher grades but the scope of the
work is more limited . The most effective way to secure
good composition work is through letter writer . requires It
much time, patience and drill to secure neatness and form .
These elements are essential but are not the chief end of
letter writing . Facility in the use of language and clear .
ness in the expression of one's thoughts are the principa )
ends to be attained in letter writing . These ends will be
let
the better attained if pupils are not required to write
.
drudgery
an
as
ters imposed task for then The best

is
it
results are obtained when pupil writes letter satisfy

to
a
some pur
to
secure some favor accomplish

into
some need
,
to ,
lively
he
. or
pose describe some event which has

a
,
interest
of
of
What the basis the classification words into

is
6
.
parts
of
speech Illustrate
?
Ans Words are classified into parts

of
speech accord
.
ing their use Red one of the primary colors

to
is
à (a
)
.
In first
.
The girl wore red dress the sentence the

(b
.
)
In
of
word red
is
is
noun because the name color

it
a
a
,
adjective because
an
the second sentence the word red

is
expresses quality belonging

to
the noun dress

it
.
of
Name and illustrate sentences four kinds word

in
7.
modifiers
. ( .
Ans Adjective adverbal objective

d
a
c
;
;
(
)
(
)
(
)
) us )
.
appositive The small boy threw ball Let

a
a
b
.
)c (
)
(
)
go now They will drive the cows pasture

to
.
d
(
(
.
Mr. Smith the teacher

is
sick
,
,
What points should beginning the

be
emphasized
8.
in
study part speech

of
of
a
Ans Use kinds inflection parsing

,
,
.
.
Use correctly in sentences :
sit
9. ( a ) The verb active
, , , ,
indicative past perfect third singular The verb see
b
,
.
(
)
lie
passive future perfect The verb active indicative
,
c
,
,
(
)
.
past perfect third singular The verb drink aotive
d
,
,
.
(
)
indicative past perfect third singular The verb
e
,
(
)
.
teach passive subjunctive past first singular
;
,
,
.
(
an
Ans The man had sat there hour The chil
a
)
(
)
.
.
dren will have been seen before the man gets there
.
He had lain down The stag
to
rest eve had drunk
at
)d
(
.
his fill were taught this now shall never for
If
I
I
c
(
)
.
get
it
.
10. Analyze poor woman named Sherman came
to
A
:
see the stray and were the one she had lost
to
if
decide
it
.
Ans complex declarative sentence " A poor
is
This
.
, .
woman named Sherman the complete subject and came
is
”
“
see the stray and were the one that she had
to
to
if
decide
it
lost the complete predicate Woman the basis of
is
,"
?
“
.
'
by
the subject modified the adjectives cá and poor's
is byis
,
“
and also the phrase named Sherman of which
, ”
"
named the past participle and Sherman sub
is
a
”
“
"
"
the predicate
of
jective complement Came the basis
,
.
,
to .
by
modified see the stray and decide

to
if
were
is
it
"
the one that she had lost compound adverbial element

a
To ,
the basis of the first mem

of
the second class see

"
,
“
.
ele
modified by the stray complex objective
is
ber
a
',
,
'
the first class stray

of
of
ment which its basis modi
is
,
" "
,
''
fied by the adjective

" To
the decide the basis of

."
"
,
by
modified were the one that

is
the second member

it
if
complex objective element

of
she had lost the third class

a
”
, .
its
subject
of
the basis
If
the connective and

is
is it
,
?
“
by " “
”
’
the predicate
of
unmodified Were one the basis

is
.
"
.
Were the
)
the predicate verb unmodified

is
one
"
66,
;
. "
predicate noun modified the adjective the One

is
,
"
'
'
by
furthed modified the adjective clause that she had

is
“ "
is
of
lost which that the connective she its

is
,
?
”
"
'
subject unmodified and had lost its predicate modi

is
,
,
“
by
fied the relative pronoun that the objective case

" in
”
' .
"
And connects the infinitive

to
tò
see and decide

"
"
"
.
'
GEOGRAPHY
.
Give briefly the difference between the inductive and

1.
processes teaching geography

in
deductive
.
In
Ans the inductive process we proceed from particu

to .
in
lars general rules the inductive the system from

is
a . ;
the rules For instance round

to
is
details the earth

"
orange
an
like statement which has come from the

is
"
certain things sailing round the world

of
ok
as
servation
,
.
1
STATE OF KANSAS 47
2. How would you teach children to observe weather

conditions ?
Ans . By teaching them to observe the thermometer and
barometer in the school -room .
3. Where there are no lakes or mountains how would you
show children watersheds, peninsulas capes , bays , gulfs , ,
mountains ?
Ans . On the hills in the valleys and on the slopes , and
all
in ponds,
be
can miniature and inside the
in
shown
be ,
school room relief maps and sand can used with good
. -
effect
The northern point
of on
Labrador the sixtieth
in
4.
is
parallel latitude Christiania the capital Norway
of
is
;
,
the same parallel
on
do
How the climates compare AC
?
.
count for the difference

; of .
Ans The climate
of
Christiana mild because
is
the
.
of
Gulf stream influences that Labrador
is
severe because
of continuous cold current from the Arctic
5. a
area cli to .
as
Compare Chile and California form
,
mate leading products race
,
,
Ans Chile long and narrow about 2,700 miles long

,
;
,
.
area about 290,895 square miles climate uniform tem

,
;
perature leading products nitrate copper race Spanish ,

;
;
,
Indian California also long and narrow about 750 miles

,
,
.
long area 155,980 square miles climate mild leading

;
;
;
,
products gold quick silver petroleum oranges grapes fish

,
,
,
in ,
, ?. .
-
What use would you make the globe your classes

of
6
.
great deal showing the movements

of
Ans
in
the earth
A
.
relation to the solar system the relation

its
places
of
to
each
,
other on the earth

.
oil
Kansas showing the sclt

of
an
outline map
Draw
7.
,
,
zinc gas sections

and
.

.
the Rocky mountains

of
Account for the deserts

in
8.
the United States

.
Ans The moisture laden clouds from the Pacific lose

-
.
their moisture passing inland and very little rain falls

in
on
the central plateaus

.
How does coast line affect the prosperity

of
9.
country
?
Ans coast line which there are many indentations

of in
A
.
by
has good harbors and course these promote prosperity

affording facilities for developing commerce
.
Why geography
be
should stereoscopes
in
10. used
classes
?
greatly
so
Ans Because they

, to
add the interest

in
.
by
of
classes showing clear pictures places buildings people

,
.
MODERN HISTORY ,
Answer any five .
1. What is meant by the term " historical material ”' ?
Ans . Documents , newspapers , reports , diaries , posters , etc.
2. Explain the term “ secondary sources .
Ans. Historical material obtained from books , pamphlets,
reports , etc. , which were edited and collected or made the
basis for books by persons who got their information from
primary sources .
3. Name three great inventions that greatly changed in
dustrial conditions in the eighteenth and nineteenth cen
turies .
Ans . Applications of steam to transportation ; the cotton
gin ; the spinning - jenny .
4. Tell briefly what you know about old -age pension
law and parliament reform bill in British legislation .
Ans . ( a ) All persons seventy years of age and over re
ceive from the government five shillings ( about $ 1.25 ) per
week . It is provided that the person receiving the pension
has not an income exceeding the amount of the pension .
( 6 ) The Parliament reform bill practically took away from
the House of Lords the vetoing of laws enacted by the
House of Commons .
5. Why are the following -named persons noted in his
tory : Colonel Goethals , David Lloyd George , M. Poincare ,
Jane Addams , Baron Lister ?
Ans . ( a ) Because he was successful in carrying to com
pletion the Panama Canal . ( b ) The Chancellor of the
Exchequer in the British cabinet. He advocates radical
changes in land laws . ( c ) The President of the French
Republic. ( d ) A noted worker in the slums of Chicago ,
and a powerful advocate of social reform . ( e ) Heis
termed the father of modern antiseptic surgery . Better
known as Sir Joseph Lister .
6. Tell briefly what you understand the terms “ The
Triple Alliance ” and “ The Triple Entente ' to mean .
Ans . ( a ) An alliance of Germany , Austria and Italy .
( b ) An alliance of Great Britain , Russia and France .
7. How do you keep your pupils interested in the cur
rent history of the world ?
Ans . Through newspapers , magazines and books .
8. State briefly what steps have been taken toward uni
versal peace .
Ans . Many societies have been formed and a tribunal
has been established at The Hague for the settlement of
international differences .
STATE OF KAYSAS 49
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
1. Name two Spanish explorers who traveled over what
is now Kansas . What was their purpose ?
Ans. Coronado and Nunez Cabeca De Vaca . The pur
all
all
nearly the Spanish explorers was
or
pose of
to
search for gold .
What maps would you use teaching the history
in
2.
of
Kansas
?
Ans Political relief products climatic

,
,
.
.
study
as
Name five books you would use
in
3.
references
.
ing the territorial history
of
Kansas
?
Ans Wilder's Annals Robinson's Kansas Its Interior
;
,
.
and Exterior Life Gladstone's the Englishman Kansas
in or
in
;
,
Squatter Life and Border Warfare Brewerton's War
;
Kansas and Richardson's Beyond the Mississippi
,
.
Give briefly the substance the legislation
of
indicated
4
.
Pipe lines made common car

by
the following headings

:
.
riers bank guaranty teacher's retirement fund minimum
;
;
school term with state and county aid
.
Placed under the same regulations
as
Ans railroads
a
(
)
.
.
Banks make themselves responsible for deposits
(C
(b
.
)
)
of
Pensions teachers after certain term The
to
service
a
.
state grants aid the district maintains
if
seven months
a
'
term
.
What difficulties beset Kansas during the first few

5.
its history
of
as
years state
a
Ans The Civil War drew the men into the army and
.
,
all
virtually growth
of
the state stopped

.
What caused the great immigration from 1860

6.
to
1879 How did affect the state

it
?
by
Persistent advertising
of
Ans the states railroad com

.
panies and real estate agents The state began grow

to
.
growing country city

in
and continued and

7.
.
How did Nehemiah Green get the office

of
Governor
of Kansas
?
Ans Governor Crawford resigned for the purpose

J.
S.
.
fighting Indians the western part the state and

of
of
in
Nehemiah Green then Lieutenant Governor became Governor

,
-
What events made possible admit Kansas into

to
8.
it
the Union
?
The resignation
of
Ans Southern Senators and Reore

.
sentatives when the war broke out made the majority which
,
admitted Kansas possible

.
Where would you look for the sources Kansas his

of
9.
tory
?
In
Ans the State Historical Society county and town

;
.
ship records and personal journals

.
10. How many constitutions of Kansas were made in

the territorial period ?
Ans. Five .
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE .

Discuss tissue , protoplasm , and amoeba .
1.
Ans . ( a ) A tissue is a colony of similar cells . Very
often they are interwoven with other tissues . For example
muscle tissue is supported by a network of connective tissue,
nourished by a circulating tissue ( blood ) and stimulated to
action by nerve tissue . ( a) Protoplasm is a translucent ,
jelly -like substance the basis of living cells
all
plants
in
and animals All cell activities growth repair cell
of
,
by,
.
division motion etc. are made possible protoplasm

,
.
An amoeba microscopic one celled animal living
is
a
it ,
c
-
(
)
stagnant water As
all
usually the important
of
in
has
,
.
motion growth nutrition reproduction and
of
activities
in ,
,
,
the laboratory typical
as
sensitiveness studied
is
it
a
animal cell similar the human body
in
of to
the cells
is .
What class food forms tissue What the food
2.
?
Of eggs
of
value
..
cheese
?
Ans Only nitrogen containing foods are true tis

a
(
)
sue formers Such foods are myosin lean meat albumen

in
,
-
eggs and gluten
of
The food value
is in
is in
cereals cheese
(b
)
.
very high for very digestible as recent experiments

it it
62
nutrients but
of
%
contains about
—
have shown and
,
good and cheap substitute for

It
terfat and casein

is
a
.
meat Eggs are very digestible but do not have
a
.
c
(
)
high nutritive value for they contain but

25
of
%
nutrients
.
One pound eggs gives 700 heat units while one pound
of
cheese gives 1,950 heat units

or
calories per pound

of
Under what circumstances and what extent should

to
3.
be
patent medicines used

?
or
of
When you are out

of
Ans reach the doctor

a
,
(
)
.
some cases when they are prescribed by

in
doctor
(6
a
)
.
any kind Hov

as
as
possible
of
of
Use little medicine

.
of
ever cough medicines corn cures and few other the

a
,
by
harmless kinds may

be
used the average person without

danger
.
4.
Mention five epidemics Discuss the powers

of
causes
.
of
and duties county health officers

.
by
Ans As epidemics are caused the widespread

of (a
.
presence disease germs any habits that will occasion the

— ,
spreading these germs the kissing habit the habit

of
as
of
water supply milk

as
spitting etc. any carriers such

or
, ,
,
,
supply flies mosquitoes

of be
pet animals may called the

or
,
indirect causes epidemics declaring

of
The power
b
.
(
)
STATE OF KANSAS 01
quarantine , abolishing insanitary nuisances , closing schools

where contagious diseases exist , fumigating public build
ings , placarding houses in which contagious diseases exist .
5. Discuss the mechanism and processes of salivary
digestion .
Ans . ( a ) Three pairs of salivary glands producing sev
eral pints of saliva per day . In mastication the saliva is
thoroughly mixed with the food by action of the teeth and
tongue. ( b ) The enzyme , ptyalin acts upon starch , splitting
it into dextrin and the dextrin into grape sugar or glucose .
This chemical change continues for a half hour or more after
the food reaches the stomach and is stopped by the hy
drochloric acid of the gastric juice .
6. Mention a common cause of blood poisoning and tell
how it may be prevented .
Ans . ( a ) Puncture of the skin by rusty iron and the
introduction thereby of bacteria . ( b ) Guard against these
invasions of bacteria as far as possible , and in case the skin
is cut or punctured clean the wound thoroughly , kill any
bacteria by means of carbolic acid and water , and dress
it so as to keep out bacteria until healed .
7. Discuss the structure and use of the trachea and lungs .
Why should all children be taught and urged to take deep
breathing exercises ?
Ans . ( a ) Trachea composed of about twenty incom
plete rings of cartilage , bound together with fibrous tissue
and muscles and lined with mucous membrane ; lungs com
posed of elastic tissue banding together and holding in place
bronchi , bronchioles and air sacs as , well as two sets of
arteries , capillaries and veins not to mention nerves . ( b )
Because some children are not energetic enough to get into
strenuous games that demand deep and rapid breathing .
These special breathing exercises are beneficial to students
because they bring into use the deep portions of the lungs ,
straighten the shoulders , strengthen the respiratory muscles
and quicken the flow of lymph .
8. Discuss fully the kidneys . Name one of the most com
mon diseases of the kidneys, and give the causes and treat
ment .
Ans. ( a ) The kidneys are bean -shaped organs ; each
about four inches long by two inches wide by one inch thick ;
red in color and each enclosed in a capsule ; located in the
back part of the abdomen just below the diaphragm . Out
of each kidney passes a discharge tube into the urinary blad
der , called the ureter . Each kidrey is made of thousands
of tubules capa !! e of taking water , salts and crea out of
the blood and discharging it into the central cavity ( the
pelvis of the kidney ) from which it escapes through the

ureter. The renal artery supplies the kidney and the renal
vein carries blood away from the kidney and between these
is the network of renal capillaries . ( 6 ) Bright's disease ;
alcoholic intemperance and severe colds ; in the first stages
certain mineral waters and a change of climate.
9. Give description , location , and use of the parts of the
eye . Mention two common causes of deafness . How may it
be prevented ?
Ans . ( a ) Coats ( sclera , choroid , retina ) outer boundary ,
as a tough wall , a light proof wall, and a sensitive nervous
lining ; humors (acqueous , vitreous ) watery , jelly -like with
in the coats , to fill
focus ; lezs double convex
,
the eyeball and refract the light to a
transparent , elastic , between
aqueous humor in front and vitreous humor behind as a re
fractor of light to a focus ; iris a pigmented muscular cur
tain with circular hole ( pupil ) near the middle , just in
front of lens to keep out light except that coming through
pupil ; ciliary muscles and processes , attached to edge of
lens on back side to adjust the lens for distance . ( 6 ) Rup
tured drum membrane, stopped up Eustachian tube . Ву
preventing inflammations of the middle ear and the
Eustachian tubes which is impossible .
10. What location for a home and what furnishings are
conducive to health ?
Ans . ( a ) On dry , well drained land where sunshine and
air currents may enter freely . ( b ) A good cook stove , a
good heating stove or furnace , a bath -tub , rugs , rather than
carpets .
AGRICULTURE .
1. Name three types of farm soils , and tell what crop is
best suited to each . How would you teach a class to sep .
arate soils into their different constituents .
Ans . Clay , sand and loams. Wheat for the clay . Alfalfa
for sand and corn for the loam . Some soils can be illus
trated by the color , brown , yellow or red indicate clay soil .
A white ash - lile color characterizes the loam , whilst the
pure sand can be separated fro : n the whole by the addition
of water , pouring off the same until only the pure sand
remains .
2. Describe fully a corn germinator .
Ans . Secure a box 2'x3'x6 " ; fill half - full of sawdust ,
sand or soil . Place over it a cloth numbered with inch
square . Select your ears of corn , take several grains from
each ear and place on the numbered squares numbering the
ear to match . Make bag just large enough to
fit
the box
STATE OF KANSAS
and one inch thick , fill it with sawdust , moisten and place
over the seed , in about five days you can note the result .
3. Discuss the value of dairying for conservation of soil
fertility .
Ans .— The dairy farm can be made a source of profit
by way of furnishing good manures , if such food stuff is
used that will also be a good soil fertilizer , such as cow
peas , clover and alfalfa .
4. Give the distinguishing characteristics of Hereford ,
Polled Angus and Galloway cattle . What ration would you
advise for finishing cattle for market ?
Ans . The Herefords uniform in color with white heads
and red bodies , they are hardy and develop early . The
Polled - Angus are hornless and have a black smooth coat .
The Galloways are also a black hornless cattle , but they
have longer hair and coarser bones . Feeders disagree on
rations , but for a thousand pound animal a fu ration
is about twenty - eight pounds in proportion , 12 lbs . shelled
corn and 16 lbs . alfalfa .
5. Why should each farmer keep at least a few sheep ?
Ans . Sheep should be kept on the farm because they
increase rapidly , mature early, eat a diversity of food stuffs
and the manure is drier and more valuable .
6. Which fruits are propagated by cuttings and layer ,
and which by grafting ?
Ans . Raspberries and strawberries by layering ; black
berries and grapes by cuttings , and apples by grafting .
7. Discuss the construction , preparation , management ,
and use of a hotbed .
pit
Ans. A hotbed is made by digging a two feet deep

,
long
as
as
seven feet wide and necessary filled with

is
This
.
fresh horse manure mixed with leaves and uniformly heate1

inches high on
12
by being turned several times frame

A
.
the north and eight placed over

is on
Three
is
the south
it
.
good soil placed therein and the bed banked

of
inches
with manure then covered with glass
It
frames and pro

is
a .
vided with the mornings

in
thermometer when the heat

;
register the seed may sowed and plants produced for

85
be
,
°
early planting
In
.
8.
Compare and contrast driving and draft horses

.
what do Percherons exce

??
Ans The draft horse has short legs heavy bodies and
,
.
upright shoulders and wide hock The driving horse

is
.
lightlimbed angular with long neck and narrow hock

,
superior bone feet style and

be
to
The Percheron said

in
is
finish Also more active and intelligent

.
'
What can you say crop rotation

of
of
9.
the value
?
Would you prefer to plant alfalfa where kaffir , or where

millet has been grown ?
Ans . By means of crop rotation , the farmer may con
trol the weeds , he may check certain fungi infection , he
may provide for a balanced removal of plant -food , he
may systematize his farming, etc. Where kaffir had grown .
Because the root tubercles of the alfalfa aids in restoring
the productive soil properties which the kaffir takes away .
10. What is the average field of corn and wheat per
acre in Kansas ? How may each be increased ?
Ans . Wheat , fifteen bu .; corn , 25 bu . By careful seed
selection as regards reproduction , also by improved methods
in farming .
MUSIC .
1. What is a scale ? Apply the scale names .
Ans . ( a ) The tones of a key in regular succession from
its
a tonic to octave inclusive One two three four
,
,
of ,
.
(
)
eight are taught
six
as
five seven numeral names
,
diatonic scale degrees

is .
To
an
is
what tone due What
2
octave
( ?
.
b
a
?
(a )
(
(
of)
To
Ans regular vibrations sounding body
b
a
)
.
.
given pitch
in
The eighth tone diatonic succession from
a
that pitch tone produced by double the
of
A
is
the octave
.
its
of
of
number vibrations another sounds octave above
,
by
tone produced half the number an

of
of
vibrations
a
the interval of
at
other sounds its octave below Two tones
.
an
octave sounding together are called

an
octave
,
Read and explain the following measure signatures

, 3.
:
3/4 6/8 4/4
" ,
Ans Measure sign preferable

as
to
is
recommended
”
.
measure signature
be
3/4 may read three four measure

"
sign means three beat measure quarter note beats 6/8

is
;
,
six eight measure sign means six beat measure eighth

,
a
,
-
rote beats 4/4 four four measure sign means four

is
a
,
-
.
beat measure quarter note beats When the measure sign

,
6/8 and the tempo rapid the dotted quarter note real
lyis
is
,
the beat note and eighth notes indicate triplet group

a
,
ing within the beat substitution of

2
A
recommended
a
.
for the and dotted quarter note notation for the

be 6
a
,
8,
(
, )
would read two dotted quarter measure sign means two

beat measure dotted quarter note beats
is ,
What an interval and how

is
established
it
4
?
.
Ans An interval the pitch relation between two

is
) a
)
b (
.
An interval may the mind by

be
established
in
tones
(
.
singing scalewise from one interval tone

to
the other
,
of
emphasizing tones interval till learned

.
STATE CF KANSAS 55
5. Discuss the inactive tones of a scale .

Ans . Scale tones 1, 3 , 5 , 8 are sometimes called “ in
active ” tones because they constitute the tonic chord , tło
only chord of complete repose in the key . Other scale tones
lead more or less strongly to one or another of the tonis
chord tones . 3 and 5 are satisfactory in final chords in
parts above the bass , but 1 in the bass , with some octave
of it in highest part , gives only perfect rest .
Ans . ( a ) Description -
6. Describe and illustrate four rythmic types .
1. One beat one tone . 2. One
beat , three equal tones ( triplet ) . 3. One beat, two unequal
tones , a three -quarter -beat tone . 4. One beat , four equal
tones . ( 6 ) Illustration - For the applicant .
7. What is a half step ? Where do they occur in a
major scale ?
Ans . ( a) An interval measure half as large as a step .
( b ) In the major scale half -steps occur between 3-4 and 7-8 .
8. Write on a staff the key signatures for the following
keys : A , C , D , E.
BOOKKEEPING .
1-4 . Journalize :
June 1. J. C. Young began business with the follow
ing resources and liabilities :
RESOURCES .
Cash . $ 2,000
Merchandise . 2,000
Store and lot 3,000
Note of A. C. Case 500
Note of B. D. Cole 700
LIABILITIES .
Owes A. O. Steele on account $ 800
Note outstanding to C. C. King 600
Note outstanding to N. C. Starr 900
June 2. Bought merchandise of 0. B. Dole on account ,
$ 1,500 . Bought for cash books and stationery
for office use , $ 20.
3. Bought merchandise of 0. B. Sears , giving ncte
in payment, $ 1,000 .
4. Sold merchandise to C. D. East on account , $200 .
5. Sold merchandise to B. C. North , receiving note in
payment, $500 .
6. A. C. Case paid his note with interest : face of note ,
$500 ; interest, $ 15.
8. Gave A. O. Steele cash $400 , and note $400 , to
settle account .
56 CONTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
9. Sold merchandise to E. B. Smith , $ 800. Received

in payment, note $300 , cash $ 200 ; balance on
account.
10. Paid in cash note to C. C. King with interest :
face of note , $600 ; interest, $6.
11. Bought of M. D. Niles merchandise , $ 1000 . Gave
in payment , note $ 200, cash $ 200 ; balance on
account .
12. Gave 0. B. Dole note for $600 to apply on account .
15. Paid freight bills in eash , $80.
June 1
Cash $ 2000 00
Mdse . 2000 00
Real Estate 3000 00
Bills Rec . 1200 00
To J. C. Young $8200 00
J. C. Young 2300 00
To A. O. Steele 800 00
To Bills Pay 1500 00
Mdse . 1500 00
To O. B. Dole 1500 00
Expense 20 00
To Cash 20 00
Mdse . 1000 00
C. D. East 200 00
To Mdse . 200 00
STATE OF KANSAS
Bills Rec . 500 00

To Mdse . 500 00
Cash 515 00
To Bills Rec . 500 00
To Int . 15 00
A. O. Steele 800
To Cash 400 00
To Bills Pay 400 00
Bills Rec . 300 00

Cash 200 00
E. B. Smith 300 00
To Mdse . 800 00
10
Bills Pay 600 00

Int . 6 00
To Cash 606 00
11
Mdse . 1000 00
To Bills Pay 200 00
To Cash 200 00
To M. D. Niller 600 00
12
O. B. Dole 600 00
To Bills Pay 600 00
15
Expense 80 00
To Cash 80 00
5-8 . Make business and financial statements and proof of

statement , using the following ledger footings :
Accounts , Dr. Cr .
James Bennett , Proprietor .. $ 100 $ 4,000
Merchandise . 3,000 *2,500
Expense . 100
Real Estate . 2,000 2,400 .
Interest . 150 200
Cash . 8,000 7,000
J. Smith . 1,000 400
S. Jones . 900 300
W. Brown . 1,950
E. Wilson . 400 500
Bills payable. 1,200 1,500
Inventory , merchandise , $ , 1000 .
BUSINESS STATEMENT .
BUSINESS STATEMENT
Resources
Cash , Bal . on Hand $ 1000 00
Mdse . per invt . 1000 00
Accts . receivable 3150 00
Total Resources 5150 00
Liabilities
Accts . Pay 100 00
Bills Pay 300 00
Total Liabilities 400 00
Pres . Worth 4750 00
LOSS AND GAIN
Gain
Mdse . 500 00
Real Estate 400 00
Interest 50 00
Total gain 950 00
Loss
Expense 100 00
Net gain 850 00
J. C. Bennett , net Cr . 3900 00
Pres . Worth 4750 00
A proof is , that the difference between the resources

and liabilities must equal the net credit plus the net gain .
STATE OF KANSAS 59
9-10 . How would you explain to a class the closing of the

merchandise account !
Ans . The debit side of the account shows the amount
bought , the credit side the amount sold . When it is de
sired to close the account the sides should be footed , using
a hard lead pencil and making the figures small . The in
ventory , which represents the unsold goods is entered in
red ink on the right side with the amount sold . If the credit
side is now larger than the debit :side the account shows
a gain , otherwise a loss . The word , gain , is written in red
ink on the debit side of the account , if the account shows
a loss the amount of loss must be entered on the right
side with the inventory . The account is now in balance
and is ruled up like any other account . The loss or gain
is transferred to the loss and gain account and the inven
tory to the left side of the Mdse. account below the ruled
lines .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT ,
1. How would you teach the relation of the pupil to the
national government ?
Ans . — By showing him that the government was the home
or the school on a larger scale .
2. What and where are our state penal institutions ?
Ans .— The state penitentiary at Lansing , the State Re
formatory at Hutchinson , the Industrial School for Boys
at Topeka , the Industrial School for Girls at Beloit .
3. Give two arguments for and two against the recall of
judges .
Ans. - For : To prevent judges from doing more injustice
if they show a disposition in that direction . As a warning
to other judges . Against : It would, especially if the
term is short , make too many elections . The temptation
to petition for recall might be used when there was no
grave cause for it .
4. What share of a husband's estate may a widow claim
in Kansas ?
Ans . - One - half .
5. What are the legal qualifications of a voter in Kan
sas ? Mention the property exempt from taxation.
Ans . ( a ) Must have declared his intention to become
a citizen of the United States , must be twenty -one years of
age ; must have resided in the state six months and thirty
days in the precinct. Women have the right of suffrage .
( 6) School and church property , the property of colleges
and charitable institutions , and all public buildings .
6. What is the commission form of government ? Name
three cities in which it has proven a success .

Ans . A form which has displaced the old council
( a)
form . The commissioners are chosen from the city at large,
instead of from wards , and each commissioner is given
charge of a department of the government . ( 6 ) For the
applicant .
7. Name the executive officers of the state . State their
powers and duties.
Ans .— Governor , lieutenant -governor , secretary of state ,
auditor , treasurer, attorney -general , and superintendent of
public instruction . ( a) Head of the executive department ;
has in many cases the appointing power ; grants pardons ;
signs legislative bills ; may call special sessions . ( b ) Pre
sides over the senate . ( c ) Has charge of all state records ;
publishes laws . (d ) Audits all bills ; makes a report of
receipts and expenditures . (
e) Receives and pays the money
of the state . ( f ) Legal adviser of the state . ( 9 ) Superin
tends the state school system .
8. Name the senators and congressmen who represent
Kansas in Washington . What is the length of term for
each ?
Ans. Senators : Joseph L. Bristow and William H.
Thompson . Representatives : · D. R. Anthony , Joseph Tag .
gart , Phillip P. Campbell, Dudley Doolittle , G. T. Helver
ing, John R. Connelley , George A. Neeley , Victor Murdock .
The term of senators is six years ; of representatives , two
years .
9. What powers of Congress are enumerated in the con
stitution ?
Ans. Read Article I
of the constitution .
10. Give the substance of the “ Blue Sky Law . ”
Ans . — It is a law forbidding the sale of shares of stock
in Kansas of any company not approved by the state bank
commissioner .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE
Answer any five .
- PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY .
1. What is meant by the solar system ?

..Ans . — The solar system comprises the sun and
all
the
bodies which periodically revolve around the sun
as
center
a
Distinguish between sedimentary igneous and meta

2.
morphic rocks
.
Ans Sedimentary rocks were originally formed layers

as
.-
Igneous rocks have cooled

of
or
or in
or
mud sand lakes seas

.
from melted much heated state Granite common

is
a
a
.
example igneous rocks Metamorphic rocks compose

of
a
.
STATE OF KANSAS 61
large class of rocks intermediate between sedimentary rocks

and igneous rocks .
3. What causes led to the formation of the prairies of
Kansas ?
Ans :—The prairie plains of Kansas were once the bot
tom of the sea . By the uplifting of the sea bottom above
the surface of the ocean dry land has been formed . Much
of the surface rock of this uplifted plain has been carried
off by weathering and stream action and the plains have
in
been worn into the undulating surface so common
prairie countries .
4. Give the life history of a mountain .
Ans . - At first the ridges are small . These are grad
ually uplifted , the change taking place very slowly , until
the mountains are mature . As the mountains grow , storms ,
frost and streams attack them and begins the wearing
away process which continues alone after the uplifting force
ceases. Slowly the tops are lowered and the forms become
rounded and smooth and in time they become a worn down
plain with low scattered hills .
5. What was the result of the glacier period upon North
America ? Upon Kansas ?
Ans . — Among the results to be noted are surface forms
such as Kames, Eskers , and Drumlins ; smoothed and
rounded mountains ; lake basins ; changes in the course of
rivers ; improving the soil by adding to the available rock
waste ; and , in consequence of the above, influences upon
plant life and the industries of man . The northeastern part
of Kansas lies within the glacial règion . The underlying
rocks of this region are covered by glacial material and
this in turn is covered by a fine , silty soil .
6. What is the composition of sea water ?
Ans . The sea holds in solution more or less of all sub
stances which water will keep dissolved and which have
been carried into it by brooks and rivers . It contains also
air serving for the respiration
its
diffused through mass

,
marine animals and organic matter which plant and

of
of
animal forms are built

.
Distinguish atmospheric pressure and the

7.
between
weight
of
the air
.
Weight gravity and

of
of
Ans the measure the force

.--
is
of
acts only
in
the direction the earth atmospheric pressure

its ,
air
the density tendency expand

of
relates and
to
to
the
.
so
This force may act any direction and will act when
in
unequal pressure are established the air rush

of
conditions
,
ing from the area high pressure

of
of
the area low

to
pressure
.
8. What is meant by calms ?

Ans . - A calm is the complete absence of wind move
ment . There are several belts or regions subject to calms .
The horse latitudes and the belt of calms lying between the
northeast trades and the southeast trades . In the horse
latitudes the air currents are descending . In the equatorial
belt of calms the air currents are rising .
9. What are the characteristics of desert plant life ? Of
mountain plant life ?
Ans . - Only such plants as can survive the heat and
drouth will be found on the desert . These are wide apart ,
of slow growth , and of low stunted appearance . Some have
no leaves ; some have only a few small leaves , and others
have varnished leaves from which there is little evaporation .
Elevation is the cause of a variation in climate . As one
ascends a mountain the plants of the valley gradually dis
appear and other species peculiar to the higher and colder
air of the moutains take their place ; the pine trees , after
a time , cease , until after farther ascent the line of perma
nent snow is reached .
10. What are the causes of land and sea breezes ?
Ans . - Land heats and cools more quickly than the water ,
Thus during the day the land is warmer than the adjacent
water and at night cooler . So by day the air above the
sea is heavier and blows toward the land and at night the
cool air above the land flows toward the sea .
UNITED STATES HISTORY ,

1. What should be the object of history study ? Discuss
fully .
Ans . — To cultivate the mind ; to study the past with the
by
of
view of avoiding
its
its
errors and profiting example

,
acquire knowledge concerning the human race

to
Discuss three important coinage acts

of
the United
2.
States
.
the first acts Congress

of
of
Ans was declare

to
One
.
which foreign coins should

be
in at
the value the

at
received
government offices The Spanish dollar continued cir
.
of In
In an
culation until 1857. 1792 act was passed establishing

gold and silver coinage 1834 and 1835 changed the
a
weight and fineness the coins

.
Outline two presidential administrations

3.

.
Discuss briefly conditions Europe prior the dis

in
to
4.
of
covery America
.
of
Ans.- There was much unrest and the masses the

,
STATE OF KANSAS 63
people were longing for countries in which there would be

more land and more freedom .
5. Name and locate the territory claimed by England ,
France , and Spain . Give basis for their claims and show
how they conflicted .
by
its
on
Ans . - England , basing claims discoveries the
Cabots John Smith Gosnold and others claimed not only
,
,
,
the entire Atlantic coast but the country westward
to
the
Mississippi beyond The French claimed the territories
or
.
along the St. Lawrence Mississippi and Ohio and
. of
, course
,
England
of
the French claim conflicted with that The
. all
country Oregon
of
Spanish claimed the south and east
Mississippi
of
the
Discuss
6.
The Constitutional Convention

(a
b
:
(
)
.
Shay's Rebellion
.
Ans The Convention met Philadelphia and sat

at
a
.
(
)
from May
25
1787 for four months An agreement was

,
.
finally reached and the Constitution was signed Septem
on
Shay's Rebellion was
17
ber 1787. western Massa in

b
,
(
)
chusetts and was caused by heavy taxes The leader was

.
Daniel Shay
.
Trace briefly territorial expansion

7.

.
Locate giving
to
as
brief statement importance
in
8.
a
) ,
history Hawaiian Islands Gettysburg Sar

b
a
c
.
a ) (
(
)
(
)
.
:
atoga Erio Canal

( d
.
(
.
.
The group form important station for coal

an
Ans
)
and other supplies Gettysburg was the turning point

b
of (
)
.
tl
War of the Saratoga was

in
ebellion decisive
a
c
(
)
.
as
battle the War the Revolution decided France

in
it
the
gave cheap transportation

ofto
help United States

It
(d
.
products from the Erie Canal the Hudson river

to
of .
Hawaiian Islands about 2,200 miles southwest San

,
of
Francisco Gettysburg the county seat Adams county

,
,
.
Harrisburg
35
Pa
Saratoga
of
miles southwest Sara

in
,
,
.
toga county Albany The Erie

39
N.
Y.
of
miles north
,
,
Canal connects the Hudson river Albany and Troy with

at
at
Lake Erie Buffalo Length 363 miles

.
by
Show how the extension slavery was affected

of
9.
the followings Wil

of
Compromise
d of
each 1850.
b
a
(
)
(
)
mot Proviso Dred Scott Decision John Brown's

c
)
(
)
(
.
Raid
.-
.
Ans The Compromise was simply putting off the

a
(b )
(
evil day The Wilmot proviso was another struggle

It
.
regard
to
between the North and the South slavery

in
exempt territory bought from

an
effort Mexico
to
was
from slavery brought
be
The decision that slaves could

c
(
)
back from any part of

the country intensified the struggle .
( d ) . The Raid was a failure but it
roused both the North
and the South , and it was one of the causes of the war .
-
10. Disouss briefly the present condition in Mexico.
Ans . Carranza and his adherents are practically in pos
session of the government, and Huerta has fled across
the ocean .
ANCIENT HISTORY .
Answer any five .
1. Describe briefly ancient Egyptian civilization , and
its contributions to modern civilization .
Ans. The civilization of the Egyptians is one of the old
est of which_records have been preserved , reaching back to
about 5000 B. C. The abundant food supply of the Nile
valley , attracted and supported a large population . From
the earliest time of which there are records there was an
organized system of government with the authority of kings ,
priests , and nobles well defined . The people were some
what closely divided into classes according to their rank
and occupations . The ancient Egyptians had considerable
skill in the industrial arts and in architecture , sculpture
and painting ; and many examples of their work ' have been
preserved . Their buildings , for example , the pyramids and
temples , are characterized by massiveness . The contribution
of the Egyptians to modern civilization was largely in mat
ters relating to architecture , art , science , and religion , and
government .
2. Discuss the physical geography of Greece .
Ans . - Greece consists of a peninsula with surface diversi
fied by mountains of moderate height and numerous val
leys , and having an exceedingly irregular coast line , north
ern and southern Greece being almost separated by the Gulf
of Corinth . A
large number of islands in the Aegean sea
also belonged to the country , The climate is temperate ,
the landscape beautiful , and the soil productive . The
the
character and development of people were largely de

by
termined the physical surroundings which favored the

,
large number small and independent

of
of
establishment
a
units Communication was easy and this

of
government
.
favored the development culture and intelligence The

of
natural beauty the surroundings developed the artistic

of
sensibilities for which the Greeks were famous

.
re
Explain the early government

of
Athens and the

3.
of
forms Solon
In
.
Ans the earliest historical period Athens was ruled

.
by
kings but about 1000 re

be
B.
to
their power began

C
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 65
stricted , and the chief rulerswere elected annually by the

nobles from their own number , The rule of the nobles
through the council of the Areopagus and the archons be
came selfish and tyrannical . Solon a man who sympathized ,
with the poorer classes , was elected archon and received
authority reform the government . His economic re .
to
forms included ownership of the land by those who had
been tenants , emancipation of Athenians from slavery,
and the limitation of the amount of land which could be
held by one person . His political reforms included the
creation of a senate of four hundred and an assembly of
Athenians for the decision The
all
of
public questions
.
making Athens
of
of
reforms Solon were the direction
in
democracy
a
of
Discuss causes main events and results Persian
4.
wars against Greece

.
the Persians upon Greece was pro

of
Ans The attack

.
to in -
by
voked part the assistance which the Athenians had

given their resistance Persian rule and
in
the Ionians
to
,
by
part
of
of
Darius for the conquest
Inin
the desire Greece
.
Thermopylae
of
these wars the battles Marathon

. ,
,
Salamis and Plataea were notable events The Greeks
,
were finally victorious and
of
as
result the character the

a
Europe and the western world was determined

of
civilization
by the standards
of
of
Greek freedom rather than Persian

despotism
.
of
5.
Discuss the career Demosthenes

,
Ans
of
Demosthenes was the greatest orator Greece

.
The chief effort his life was his attempt to arouse the
of
Philip
of
of
Athenians resist the invasion

in
to
Macedon
,
'
he
which however was not successful

,
,
of .
Trace main steps Plebeians against the

in
contest
6
.
Patricians early Rome

in
The first gain the Plebeians was through their

of
Ans
—
.
service and position the army those who were enrolled

in
the centuries the army receiving the political rights

in of
ofin
the Centuries peace Their power was small

of
time
,
.
of by
however because they were greatly outnumbered the

,
Following
in of
Centuries the Patricians revolt the

it a
.
Plebeians war against the Volscians was conceded

a
of
be
that two tribunes the Plebeians should chosen every

year with certain specified powers for their protection
.
Later Plebeian assembly was recognized which had the

to a
right enact laws relating

of so to
elect tribunes and

to
the
Another step was the writing
of
Plebeians the laws that

of .
all could know what they were The application the

.
the Plebeian assembly the Patricians

to
decrees the
,
gaining of the right of inter -marriage , and admission to

the consulship prepared the way for the union of the two
classes which was finally accomplished .
7. Explain briefly the conquest of the Mediterranean
region Rome , up to 133 B. C.
Ans. The conquest of the Mediterranean region was ac
complished as a result of the wars between Rome and
Carthage, which gave the Romans control of Sicily , Corsica ,
Sardinia , Spain and northern Africa ; the defeat of Philip
of Macedonia , which brought many of the Greek states
under Roman dominion ; and the acquisition of Pergamum ,
which became the province of Asia .
8. Show extent of Roman empire in the time of Augustus .
How was it governed ?
1
Ans . In the time of Augustus the Roman empire ex
tended from the North Sea and the Rhine to the deserts
of Africa and Arabia , and from the Atlantic ocean to the
Euphrates , including practically
all
of
the world known
by
that time
at
The provinces were administered gov

.
by
ernors appointed the emperor and the senate under
,
was al
of
whom considerable degree self government
a
-
lowed according the forms with which the people had
to
been familiar
.
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICS

-
.
Answer any five
(
)
.
What physical measurements are made with the fol

1
.
lowing units centimeter gram second

is ,
?
,
:
length the gram

of
of
Ans The centimeter the unit
;
.
,
weight the second
of
time
,
;
the density determined

of
Áow
2.
substance heavier
is
than water
?
Mass
Ans Density Mass determined by weigh
is
.
-
Volume
of
ing The volume substance heavier than water de

is
a
.
termined by the principle

be
the differ
of
Archimedes
to
its
weight air and weight

its
water
of in
in
ence between
, .
Thus find the density substance heavier than water

to
a
by
its
its
divide weight the difference between weight air

in
and its weight water

in
What instrument common use measures the varying

in
3.
atmospheric pressure Of what practical value

-
is
such
?
measurement
?
Ans The barometer the common instrument for meas

is
.
uring the atmospheric pressure These measurements are

.
meteorology and determining the altitude

of
used
in
in
STATE OF KANSAS 66
mountains and the elevation of any point above sea level.

4. Describe some practical use of the pendulum , explain
ing the principle involved .
Ans. The pendulum is used to regulate the movement of
clocks . The time required for a complete vibration of a
pendulum depends upon its length . Therefore by adjusting
the length of the pendulum the clock may be regulated so
that it will keep correct time .
5. How does heat cause expansion ?
Ans . - The expansion caused by heat is explained by the
theory that heat is a form of energy which causes molecular
motion .
6. Prove that the transmission of sound requires a per .
ceptible time. Upon what does the intensity of sound de
pend ?
Ans . — For short distances the transmission of light is
practically instantaneous ; but the interval between a flash
of lightning and the accompanying peal of thunder increases
with the distance of the electrical discharge from the ob
server , This interval is the time required for the transmis ,
sion of the sound .
7. Explain the use of lenses in the camera , the micro
scope , and the human eye .
Ans . In the camera the lens is used to focus the rays of
light upon the plate or film . In the simple microscope the
lens magnifies the image of the object , and in the compound
microscope a second lens called the eyepiece magnifies the
image of the image produced by the first lens . In the
human eye the lens focuses the rays so that the image falls
upon the retina .
8. Describe a simple voltaic ceil .
Ans. - A simple voltaic cell consists of a vessel containing
an electrolyte in which two dissimilar metals are suspended .
Sulphuric acid may be used as an electrolyte and strips of
-
zinc and copper as electrodes .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY .

1. What is the difference between the bean and corn as to
the cotyledons and endosperm ?
Ans . ( a) In the Lima bean the sugar is used as cell
food by the embryo . The hypocatyl grows in length, sends
down a tiny root ( the radicle ) , straightens itself and by so
doing pulls the swelled cotyledons above the soil . While
thisis occurring the tiny bud between the cotyledons ( the
plumule ) is growing and throwing out some leaflets and
developing into a shoot . The stored up food in the cotyle
dons is used by the plantlet for some days . After it is ex

hausted the greenish cotyledons shrivel and fall off. In the
case of the castor bean the cotyledons develop into rather
thin , broad leaves , and with Indian corn the stored food is
in the endosperm . This feed is absorbed by the one cotyle
don which never expands much , and never rises above the
ground . ( b ) All three are enveloped in seed coats ; the
beans are composed of
two halves ( the cotyledons ) con
ñected by the hypocatyl . The plumule is present in an un
developed state . In the corn the plantlet or embryo is at
the side of the kernel, most of the kernel being the endo
sperm stored with starch , fat
and protein .
2. What are root -hairs ? Their function ?
Ans. — They grow only on young rootlets and last only a
season , Their function is to take up water with dissolved
mineral matter which goes to the leaves .
3. Distinguish between trees , shrubs, and herbs .
Ans .-
( a) A tree reaches a height many times greater
than the human stature . It
has a permañent woody stem ,
and the lower part , the trunk , has no branches . (6) A
shrub is a small tree , not more than eighteen or twenty feet
high . It generally is divided into branches near the surface
of the ground . ( c ) Herbs are plants whose life may be
limited to a single season or they may be biennials or peren
nials . Usually plants that die to the ground after they
have matured are called herbs.
its
4. Draw a cross section of a dicotyledon stem , naming
parts
.

.
parallel veined leaf

of
an
Give illustration Netted

5.
-veined leaf
.
.-
The veins whether straight

or
Ans curved run

,
,
to (a
)
parallel the apex the margin and are

of
the leaf
or
to
connected by transverse
(
veinlets scarcely visible The

b
)
.
branching veins often reunite and form irregular net

an
work
-
.
Draw plant cell naming all its parts

6.

.
.
7.
seed dispersal
of
Name the different methods

.
Ans Winds are effective agents some seeds have wings

;
,
-
.
others have hooks and barbs Rivers streams and ocean

.
currents carry seeds birds and squirrels

do
so
;
Give the distinguishing characteristics

of
8
the moss
.
plants
of
group
.
generation and the production

of
of
Ans Alternation
.-
many celled sex organs are the chief characteristics

of
the
-
moss group
.
STATE OF KANSAS 69
9. What is meant by hybridization ?

Ans . — The result of the union of two species. The Per
petual Rose is an illustration ; also hybrid clover known as
alsike .
10. What is meant by mesophytes and xerophytes ?
Ans . - A mesophyte is a plant that grows under medium
or normal conditions of atmosphere or soil moisture as con
trasted with desert plants ( xerophytes ). * * The great ma
jarity of plants growing in temperate regions are meso
phytes .
LITERATURE .
1. Name three great autobiographies .
Ans . - Benjamin Franklin's ; De Quincey's " Confessions
of an Opium -Eater " ); Carlyle's Reminiscences .
2. How did Franklin's residence in London help him
later in promoting the interests of the colonies ?
Ans.- He became well acquainted with the English people ,
their ways of thinking , and he learned much about the states
men of the period .
3. What was “ Poor Richard's Almanac ' ' ?
Ans . - An almanac published by Benjamin Franklin . In
addition to the usual matter , it contained pages of proverbs ,
.
the
is
be
an What value tenta diaryday Should children
encouraged keep diaries
to
?
.
Ans personal history and gives

of
It
is
record
a
it
a
(
)
one each day practice composition Certainly they

in
6
.
(
)
should
.
Name five men Franklin's day who

or
of
. at
5.
women
.
tained eminence literature How did Franklin's writ

in
ings compare with theirs

?
Ans Samuel Johnson Alexander Hamilton Oliver

, (a
,
)
.
Goldsmith Horace Walpole Edmund Burke Favorably

(b
,
)
.
Franklin would you

of
6.
What lessons from the life

teach
?
Ans Frugality industry perseverance courage polite

,
,
,
.
-
ness victories over difficulties

.
7. ,
In
Julius has Shakespeare closely

to
Caesar adhered
history
.--?
Ans Yes
.
apprentice
an
Franklin when newspaper office

8.
in
a
by
broke his indentures and escaped New York Ex

to
sea
,
plain the expression broke his indentures and tell what

,
”,
"
apprentice his employer was

of
an
the relation
in
to
those
days and much later
.
—
Ans The master had complete power over the person

.
of his apprentice even to the extent of administering cor

poral punishment. The indenture was the contract which
bound the apprentice to his master , and it was a crime to
break it .
9. Why was Franklin 80 popular in the literary and
social circles of France ?
Ans. — Because of his eminence in literature , science and
statesmanship , his friendship for France , and his courteous
manners .
10. What methods would you use to have a library of
the best literature placed in your schoolrooms ?
Ans . - Several methods . I
would have entertainments for
the benefit of the library ; would urge a small tax to buy
books , and would ask people to contribute books .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Prominent , exonerate , acclimate, development , trium
vir , circuit , discrepancy , acumen , illusion , cistern , unique ,
Bordeaux , syndicate, chiropodist , choler , laboratory , javelin ,
abscess , diffidence , colonel , clique, virulent , collusion , super
sede , separate . ( Give credit of two for each word correctly
spelled . )
2. In what grades máy word analysis be profitably used ?
Name four derivative words of three or more syllables, and
analyze each .
Ans . ( a) In the higher grades. (b ) Unwilling ; un -not
able ; will , root word . Immeasurable ; im -not measurable ;
able may or can be . Unlovely ; un -not , ly -like . Imbitter ;
im -not .
3. What objections can you give to exclusive use of the
text -book in the study of orthography ? Why are written
.
recitations in spelling preferable to oral ?
Ans ( a ) There are many words not in the text -book .
( 6 ) Because the words are associated with the written char
acters, and pictures of the words are formed in the mind .
4 . Give two rules for forming the plural of nouns end
ing in o. Give two examples of each .
Ans_Nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant gen
erally form their plural in es as hero , heroes , cargo , cargoes
When the o is preceded by a consonant , the plural is gener
.
ally formed by adding s to the singular . Folio , folios ;
torso , torsos.
5. Explain the difference in correct use of the words
.
pardon and excuse . Give two synonyms each for cunning ,
,
hinder collect .
Ans ( a ) Friends excuse each other for the uninten
STATE OF KANSAS 71
tional omission of formalities . Crabbe. When one who has

not heard a remark addressed to him , and says , “ I beg your
pardon , ” it virtually is saying , “ for my inattention . " The
two words are used interchangeably . Cunning - craft , de
ceit ; hinder - retard , obstruct ; Collect - Assemble , accumu
late .
6. Give diacritical markings for elite , casein , abode , ex
egesis , pyrites .
Ans . See any dictionary .
WRITING .
1. Discuss the length of the writing period .
Ans . — It will depend upon the ages of the children . With
small children , when a point of fatigue has been reached
the recitation should stop . In advanced classes , fifteen or
twenty minutes should be given .
2. What methods do you use to obtain a relaxed condi
tion of the muscles of the right arm recessary for free muis
cular movement ?
3. Discuss the equipment necessary to procure good re .
sults in writing .
Ans . - Comfortable seats and desks, good paper , pens ,
ink and blackboards .
4. Write a quotation as a specimen of your own hand
writing .
5. Write one line of the “ push and pull ” exercise two
lines high .
READING .
1. What are phonograms ? Explain their use in teaching
beginners to read , giving three illustrations .
Ans . - Phonograms are letters or pronounceable groups of
letters representing elementary sounds or combinations of
sounds which frequently occur . The sounds of the phono
grams are taught so that they may be readily recognized
by the pupils at sight . Then when any phonogram pre
viously learned appears in a new word , the pupil uses it as
a key to the pronunciation of the word
“ blending ?' the phonograms
. By combining or
of which a word is composed
the pupil is able at sight to pronounce without other as
sistance words of considerable difficulty . Examples :
f -l-ight , flight ; ing , meaning ;
in ill
m - e- a- n- s-t - ness stillness

,
-
.
by
What dramatization with

of is
meant connection
2
.
the teaching reading

?
teaching
as
Ans Dramatization
in
, .--
is
the term used
,
reading the impression the original speaker by the
of
is
pupil when reading passage
If
quoted sentence con
or
, a
.
versation introduced two pupils take part the dialogue
is
in in
;
may
be
and several characters introduced the miniature
drama
.
preparation should
be
of
What sort
to
3
made enable
.
the pupil interpret the selection assigned for reading
to
lesson
?
.--
is
Interpretation reading the conveying
of
Ans the
in
by
author's meaning Preparation
to
the reader the listener
be.
:
for this requires study of the selection
so
read that
to
a
fully comprehended
be
its
meaning may The more com
.
plete the reader's understanding the thought be ex
to
be of
pressed the more suggestive will the oral rendering
Is ,
.
necessary that the pupil should study the
4.
it
reading
of
the rules for time emphasis

.,g
mechanics
.
;
e
,
,
etc. Give the reason for your answer
?
.
of
The study reading belongs
of
toto
Ans the mechanics
by —
.
the pupil the pupil tries
If
to
the teacher rather than
.
read rule there danger that the reading will be too
is
mechanical The teacher should understand the principles

.
may give proper directions

he
so
time emphasis etc.

of
that
,
and correct the pupil's errors

in .
as
Define time reading Give some practical

5.
used
.
suggestion with reference

in
to
variation time and illustrate ,

by reference some selection which you have recently read
to
or studied
?
Ans Time refers the rapidity with

or
to
the slowness
—
.
which any particular should

ofbe
read The rate should cor

.
be
If
respond with the character the matter
to
read
, .
the words express profound thought solemn feeling or
,
exalted sentiment they should be read slowly and with

,
in
dignity lively description and representing playful

in
a
;
mood or excited feelings the reading may more rapid

be
the poem The Voyage upon which part

In
of
this examina
,
based the first ten lines may properly

be
tion read more

is
of
rapidly than the remainder the poem the first part being
,
chiefly deseription and the last part meditative

in
style
.
Why important that the reader should know the

6.
is
it
of
setting the selection read

?
Ans The writer often assumes that the subject matter

.-
presented and the circumstances referred to are sufficiently

make the meaning clear many details are
to
if
understood
omitted That the reader supposed possess con
to
is
is
,
.
siderable general intelligence Literary works are written

.
for intelligent and often for mature readers But the

if
.
STATE OF KANSAS 73
surrounding facts are not sufficiently familiar , the reader,

whether adult or youthful , must get this information in
order that he may understand fully and thus interpret fit
tingly the article or selection assigned for reading .
7. What is the remedy for the unnatural tone often
used by pupils in reading ?
Ans . - Freedom from self -consciousness enables one to
read naturally . This is best gained by cultivating an ab
sorbing interest in the subject matter or in the literary qual
ity of the selection to be read . If
the pupil forgets himself
in his interest in the thought to be represented , unnatural
tones are not likely to be employed .
8. What mental processes are involved in oral reading ?
Among the mental processes involved
.--
Ans oral read
in
ing are the following sight hearing
of
of
, , of
sensations
,
in :
muscular movement breathing vocalizing gesticulating

,
,
of
perception recognition and memory the words
.;
etc
,
imagination the reader enters into the spirit
of
as
the
the thinking processes which are awakened in
all
author
;
by
response to the thought represented the printed words
;
the sensibilities aroused by the emotional sentiments ex
in
the physical act
, of
pressed the motor processes involved
; ;
reading and the will which

tois
the reading itself

in
exerted
,
any impulse action suggested the sub

in
response
in
to
ject matter and purpose impress

or
or
to
. in
the desire
in
,
.
fluence the listener
THE VOYAGE
10
,
,
9
Whichever way the wind doth blow

,
glad
or to
Some heart
so
it
have
it is
Then blow east blow west

it
The wind that blows that wind best

is
My little craft sails not alone

:
A
thousand fleets from every zone

Are out upon thousand seas
a
And what for me were favoring breeze

Might dash another with the shock
,
Of doom upon some hidden rock

I ,
And
so
do not dare pray

to
For winds to waft me on my way

1
But leave Higher Will

to
it
To stay speed me trusting still

is or
That all well and sure that He

,
Who launched my bark will sail with me

Through storm and calm and will not fail
,
Whatever breezes may prevail

,
To land me every peril past

,
Within his sheltering haven

at
last
.
Then , whatsoever wind doth blow ,

My heart is glad to have it so ;
And blow it east or blow it west ,
The wind that blows, that wind is best .
(
1 ) Is the chief subject in this poem natural phenomena
or human experience ? How does the author connect these
two elements ?
(2) Select five words or expressions which if taken lit
erally refer to natural phenomena .
(3) Select five words or expressions which refer to
human experience .
(4) In the interpretation of the poem what is symbolized
by the following expressions : the wind ; my little craft ; a
;
thousand fleets a thousand seas ; launched my bark ; shelter
ing haven ?
( 5) (a) Give briefly suitable directions for reading
this poem aloud . ( b ) Summarize the central thought in a
single sentence .
Ans.— ( 1 ) The chief subject of the poem is human ex
perience . The author uses natural phenomena by means of
figurative language to express his thought in an attractive
and impressive manner. ( 2 ) Five words referring to
natural phenomena : wind , seas , rock , storm , calm . ( 3 )
Five words or expressions referring to human experience :
some heart is glad ; dare ; to pray ; trusting ; sure .
wind symbolizes the circumstances
( 4) The
and influences which
surround one's life ; my little craft , my life ; a thousand -
fleets, the lives of all other people ; a thousand seas , the
varied conditions and circumstances in which other people
are placed ; launched my bark , created me ; sheltering
haven , heaven , a condition of final and permanent satisfac
tion . ( 5 ) ( a ) The deep meaning of the poem should be
pondered so that the interpretation may be as expressive as
possible . Rich , smooth tones should be used with moderate
force. The first part may be read rather more rapidly than
the last part . ( b ) Trusting that Providence will control
events as is best for all people , I will not selfishly desire
benefits which could be secured only by causing loss and
injury to others .

1. What opportunity has a teacher for leadership in the
community ?
Ans .— The teacher is generally regarded , and rightly , as
one who has enjoyed better educational advantages than
many or most of the people in the community . Parents are
inclined to regard the teacher of their children with con
STATE OF KANSAS 75
sideration and respect ; and if tactful and resourceful the
for
teacher will find opportunities influence and leadership
the pupils
in
social gatherings Sunday
of
in
the homes
ofin
in ,
,
school and church and all the activities which the
,
people community are interested and united
of
the
.
What are three of the features which you consider
2.
in
essential school building

a
?
Ans suitable school building
in
—
Three essentials
1
a
(
; )
:
.
construction substantial and good architectural form
in
,
sanitation including suitable arrangements for heating

,
,
at
(2
)
ventilation and lighting furnishing durable and

;
in ,
3
(
)
tractive desks and seats walls tinted soft and restful
,
tones light colored window shades harmonizing with the

, ,
few good pictures reproductions masterpieces
of
walls
a
. .
the conditions which make the sani
of
What are some

3
.
of
tation and care schoolhouse difficult

a
?
Ans.Conditions unfavorable care and sanitation
to
;
faulty construction rough flooring difficult lack
to
clean
,
,
sufficient janitor service

of
as
of of
lack such conveniences

, ,
running water and drainage lack provision for enforced

in
intelligent
of
ventilation and some communities lack
,
standards of excellence
.
an
Mention and discuss briefly two defects which
in
4.
experienced teacher should especially guard against

.
to
Ans Two defects which inexperienced

.--
teachers are
keep pupils
of
liable are lack confidence and failure

to
profitably employed Success the management of school

in
a
.
degree of assurance
If
requires reasonable the pupils

a
discover that the teacher is timid and hesitating they will

.
take advantage of the opportunity offered

by
of
the absence
vigorous control for play and mischief not for serious
if
,
assignment supervision
of
of
disorder The lessons and the

.
the pupils during study periods requires skill which must

by
gained experience natural gift

it
be not
if
is
,
,
a
Upon what does teacher's authority over the pupils

5.
depend
.--?
Ans teacher's authority over the pupils depends large

A
ly
upon his power their attention and this

to
command
, ;
applies not only to the discipline

of
the school but also

instruction study
of
in
to
the various branches

of.
How does child learn the meaning words

6.
?
in in
Ans child learns the meaning the be

of
words
byA
.-
ginning hearing them used by older persons ordinary

conversation and with the objects and actions
in
connection
which the words represent After the child
to
able read
is
,
of .
menning through
he
learns the words their connection

:
with other words the meaning of which he already knows.

By hearing , reading , imitation , and experimental use the
his
of
child gradually builds up . vocabulary The use
a
.
dictionary more artificial method and not available
is
is
a
in the child's early years
.
By what means may effort
be
7. com
in
economized
mitting matter A
memory
to
or to
Ans Interest and association are the two chief aids
. -
.
effort for the child
no
memory apparently requires
It
remember things
If
of
the adult to to vital interest the fact
.
be
or
matter committed memory
in
re
to
some manner
is
..
interesting
or
lated something else which well known
to
is
,
recalled more readily
or
retained the memory better
in
it
is
by
than when laboriously committed memory
to
much
repetition
.
is
the difference between guiding and helping

8.
What
pupil the preparation prefer
of
his lessons Which
a
is
in
?
Which
is
able easier
?
?
so As
Ans here used the word guiding means directing

—
”
"
.
the pupil may himself do the work necessary

he
in
that
preparation helping making the
of
the lesson while
is
;
”
work easy for the pupil by relieving him the effort either
of
is
wholly part Guiding preferable helping

in
or
is
easier
;
.
.
What the benefit drill When does drill cease

9.
is
in
of
be
to
value
is ?
impressing facts
of
Ans Drill valuable
in
or
series
or -
.
on
so
facts processes the mind and nervous system that
the reaction may
be
accurate and ready when response
is
a
drill the multiplication tables spelling

to ofin
called for
.g,
,
e
;
.
any recitation facts also

or
rules muscular
in
in
and
;
Drill ceases value educationally when

of
be
exercises
.
the response becomes purely automatic and when thought

no
when for example pupil repeats

as
accompanies
it
a
,
:
any series
or
memoriter the boundaries

of
of
state facts
a
thought
no
or
with mental process except verbal memory

.
The manual arts also are valuable for educational pur

,
long attentive thought accompanies the opera

as
as
poses
that
so
tions but when the movements become automatic

;
be
they can performed without the conscious direction

of
the mind the skill displayed while valuable commercially

,
,
longer
no
an
educational factor
as
trade
is
a
10. In school discipline why important that the

is
it
hold the pupils attention

be
to
teacher should able

?
or '
-
Ans Inattention either the cause the accompani

is
.
.
of
also the chief hin

. it
most school disorder and

is
ment
,
drance intellectual advancement Ability hold the

to
a to
pupils attention the first essentials

of
teacher's
in
is
one
. '
success
STATE OF KANSAS 77
State of Kansas , June 26 and 27 , 1914 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. In teaching arithmetic to beginners how should theory
and experience be connected ?
Ans . — Beginners gain their ideas of numbers from actual
experience with concrete objects . By using objects and
at the same time the symbols the pupil may be taught to
substitute the symbols for the objects in his thinking and
gain the idea of numbers in the abstract .
2. Show how the results of addition and subtraction may
be checked to insure accuracy .
Ans . — Addition may be checked ( 1) by reviewing the
work carefully ; ( 2 ) by casting out the 9's . Subtraction
may be checked ( 1 ) by reviewing the work ; ( 2 ) by adding
subtrahend and remainder to see if the sum is equal to the
minuend .
3. In division what is the relation of abstract and con
-
crete numbers ?
Ans . If
the dividend is concrete and divisor abstract the
quotient is like the dividend . If both dividend and divisor
are concrete the quotient is abstract . The divisor may not
be concrete if the dividend is abstract .
4. Explain fully the process in finding 36 of 25.
Solution . - Suppose a line AB is divided into 35 equal
parts . 16 of AB is 7 parts and 45 of AB is 14 parts . of
the 14 parts, that is 17 of 4 of AB is 2 parts , and 34 of 14
parts , or 34 of 45 of AB is 3 x 2 parts, or 6 parts . But 6
parts of AB are 635 of AB . Therefore 34 of 45 of AB is
635 of AB . This result can be obtained directly by multi
plying the numerators together and the denominators to
gether . Hence the rule for multiplying a fraction by a
fraction .
5. Define the following terms : base , rate , percentage ,
multiple , factor .
Ans .— The number of which some per cent is to be found
is called the base . The number of hundredths to be taken
is called the rate . The result formed by taking a certain
per cent of the base is called percentage. A multiple of two
or more numbers is any number that will contain each of
them without a remainder .. A factor of a number is one
of two or more numbers which multiplied together will pro
duce the number .
6. A farmer bought 75 acres of land at $65 an .acre , and
12 cows at $ 35 a head . He sold the land at a profit of 10
per cent and the cows at a loss of 5 per cent. Did he gain
or lose on the whole , and how much ?

Solution.
75 X $ 65
10 % of $4875 $487.50
,
$4875 , cost of the land .
profit on the land .
12 X $ 35 = $420 , cost of the cows .
5 % of $420 $21.00 , loss on the cows .
$487.50 $21 $466.50 , gain .
7. A man borrowed $ 450 on Maroh 10 at 6 per cent , and
$1200 on April 10 at 5 per cent . He paid the principal and
interest in each case on December 30 of the same year . How
much did he pay ?
Solution .
From March 10 to December 30 is 295 days .
Int . on $ 1 for 295 da . at 6 % $ .04916
Int . on $450 for 295 da .' at 6 % 450 X $ .04916 = $22.13 .
$450 + $22.13 $ 472.13 , amount of first note .
From April 10 to December 30 is 264 days.
Int . on $ 1 for 264 da . at 6 % $ .044 .
Int . on $ 1200 for 264 da . at 6 % =1200 X $ .044 = $52.80 .
1 X $52.80 = $8.80 int. at 1 % .
$52.80 –
$ 8.80
$ 1200 + $44
$44 = int . at 5 % .
$ 1244 , amount of second note .
$472.13 + $ 1244 $ 1716.13 , total amount paid on De
cember 30 .
8. From the corner of a square piece of land containing
576 square rods a small lot containing 64 square rods is cut
.
out . Draw the plan of the lots and find the perimeter of
each .
Solution
V 576 24 , No. rods in 1 side of large lot .

4 x 24 rd . = 96 rd ., perimeter .
V 64 8 , No. rods in 1 side of small lot.

4 X8 rd . 32 rd . , perimeter.
9. Find the number of cubic inches in a pipe 18 feet long ,
4 inches in external diameter , the metal being 4 inch thick .
Solution . — The volume of a right circular cylinder is equal
to the area of the base multiplied by the altitude .
No. cu . in . in vol . entire cylinder = 22 X 3.1416 X 18 X 12
= 2,714.3424
No. cu . in . in vol . of hollow part of cylinder ( 74) 2 X
3,1416 X 18 X 12 = 2078.1674
2714.3424 --
2078.1674 636.175 No. cu . in . in pipe .
10. Ifit takes 550 cubic feet of clover hay to make a ton ,
how many tons will fill a mow 32 feet long , the width being
double the depth and being half the length ?
,
STAT ) OF KANSAS 79
Solution
Width is of 32 ft . = 16 ft.
Depth is 4 of 16 ft . = 8 ft .
Voī. of mow in cu . ft. = 32 X 16 X 8 = 4096
4096 cu . ft . •
550 cu . ft . = 7.447 , No. of tons .
ALGEBRA .
1. Define coefficient , binomial , simultaneous equations,
algebraic expression .
Ans . - Each of the factors of a number or the product of
any number of factors is called the coefficient of the rest
of the term . A binomial is an algebraic expression of two
terms . Simultaneous equations are equations which are sat
isfied by the same value of the unknown quantity . An
algebraic expression is an expression written in algebraic
symbols.
2. How may the form of an equation be changed without

destroying the equality ?
Ans. - An equation may be changed in the following ways
without destroying the equality :
number to both members . ( 2 ) By subtracting the same
(
1 ) By adding the same
number from both members . 3) _By multiplying( both

members by the same number . (4 ) By dividing both mem
bers by the same number . ( 5 ) By changing either member
in any way that does not alter its value .
3. . Simplify the following expressions :
( 1)
-
[ (a - 0 ) - ( c - d ) ] - [ ( e - 1) - ( 9 - h) ].
)]4y
( 3x
---
+ 5y ) [ ( 7 &— 2y ) – ( 84
+
( 2)
y
(a
-
)
.
Solution
.
--to
—
is
−
-
g -
e
)]
[(
f)
–
(c
1
h
a
(
[(
)
)
)
]
+
+
e
h
-
.
-
- -
-
5y
+ )2y
4y
81
3x
7x
+
y
2
1
-
-
(
[
(
+(
)
]
(
)
= 5y 4y
7x
++
3x 2y 8x
+
&
5x
2
.

4.
:
+ xy
Multiply 22
- y2
by
c3 +
+
.y
2 1
x
+-
( (
) )
by
b3
a3
Divide 3abc
a
c
-
Solution.
xy
-
y2
73
=
x2
3
+
+
y
1
x
(
)
)
)
(
80 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 9
(2) ( a3 + b3 + c3
92
3abc )
+62
+ 62 - ab
- (a $
-à+ b + c)
-oc.
5. Factor the following expressions :
( 1 ) 640282 1.
12 ) 25x4 + 4.62y2 + y4 -- 20x3y + ii
.
10x2y3 40y3 ,
( 3 ) x2 + ba + cu + bc .
Solution
( 1 ) 64a262_1 ( 8ab + - 1)
-
= 1 ) ( 8ab
( 2 ) 25x4 + + y4
4x2y2 20x3y + 10x2y2 -- 4xy3
( 5x2 2xy + y2 ) 2
(3) * 2 + bx + cx + bc
( a + b ) (a + c)
30( 2 + b ) + ( x ) fb
6. Solve for a and verify :
C 500+ 1
. 6-2 ) + 3 30 .
30 ( +
16
Solution
58 +1
30 ( 2-2 ) + + 30 (1 )
3 16
Multiply by 48
1440X -- 2880 + 16x 154 + 3 + 1440 ( 2)

1441x 4323
Divide by 1441
=3.
:
Verification 3 16 +1
30 ( 3-2 ) + + 30
3 16
30 + 1 * 1 + 30
31 = 31 .

STATE OF KANSAS
a2x + x3
Solution . 22 - 2ax + x2 a3 23
02 + 3
+
a2
2
+
a
a
)
)
(
(
)
(
302
---
02 2ax + a3
*
)
a
)
(
(
002
+
2
02
Q2
+
+
a
c
)
)
(
)
(
(
)
*
(
QS 2
of
a2
age
of
*
(
)
)
)
(
(
)
(
ax
-
22. Q2
32
+
+
a
x
)
(
)
(
ax
x2
a2
+
+
+
=
x
)
c
a
)
(
(
(
32
+
)
Saloe the following equations

8.
:
+
+
6
(1
)
a
b
a
15
2
.
2
(
)
st
6
3
Solution
tot
a
att
(1
)
1
(
)
(
Multiply by
++
a
a
b2b
)
1
(
(
)
+
+
ab ax bit
2
(
)
a
.
in

(2
)
bix
+
3
(
)
b
a
Divide by
3
(b
)
(
(4
+
)
b
)
a
15
14
(1
)
2
(
)
25
€
by
Multiply
—
20
203
)
84 — 563
(2
30
2
)
-

COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
56x = 56
Divide by 56
3 = 1.
9. Sobe the following and verify :
Solution . ſ azu — b2y = a +

Бх - ay = -1
.
.
a2x — 2y = a + o (1 )
6.3 - ay = -1 (2 )
Multiply ( 1) by b and ( 2 ) by
-
am
a2bx — by = ab + 62 ( 3)
a2bx a3y = -02
Subtract ( 4 ) from ( 3)
( az — 03 ) y = 22 to ab + 6% (5)
Divide ( 5 ) by ( as_63 )
1
y (6 )
a
Multiply ( 1 ) by a and ( 2 ) by ( 62 )
a32 ab2y = a2 + ab
633 — abay -32 (8 )
Subtraet ( 8) from ( 7)
a363 ) x +62
-
( = a2 + ab (9 )
Divide ( 9 ) by ( @3 53 )
1
( 10 )
of
in
.--
Verification Substitute values and

y
a
1
(
)
a2 52
ato
=
b
STATE OF KANSAS
a2 - 32
=a + b
a + b = a + ]
Substitute values of u and y in ( 2)
- = - 1.
10. A and B are 240 miles apart. If at the same time a
train leaves A and B , and runs towards the other place , hoto
far from A will they meet if the train from A runs at the
rate of 45 miles an hour ,, und the other 79 as fast .
Solution .
Let x = No. mi . from A to meeting point
And y = No. mi. from B to meeting point
Then No hrs . of train from A

45
And - No. hrs . of train from B

35
"Then by the first condition

*+ y = 240 ( 1)
And since the running time from starting points to meet

ing point of two trains is the same,
Y
( 2)
35
Multiply ( 2) by 315
84 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS :
TC = 9y (3 )
Transpose in 3) (=
730 — 9y 0 ( 4)
Multiply
73
( 1)
+ 7y
by 7
- 1680 (5 )
Subtraet (5) from ( 4 )
-16y = -1680 (6)
Divide ( 6 ) by -16
y = 105 ( )
Substitute value of y for y in 1) (

2 + 105 240 ( 8)
Transpose and collect terms in . ( 8 )
- 135 .
Therefore the trains will meet 135 miles from A and 105
miles from B.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. Name the nations that owned the Louisiana territory
before it was sold to the United States ?
Ans . —Great Britain , Spain , France .
2. What was the purpose in passing the Kansas -Nebraska
bill ?
Ans . To make it optional with the people of a territory
whether they should have slavery or not .
3. What great poet wrote a poem on the Marais des
Cygnes Massacre ?
Ans . — John Greenleaf Whittier .
4 . Name the materials you would have in the schoolroom
as the basis for teaching the history of Kansas properly .
Maps the Louisiana Purchase and of Kansas
of
Ans
.--
all accessible histories pictures statues narrations stories

,
,
,
How did the Missouri Compromise contribute

to
5.
the
slavery and how did the Compromise affect
of
extension
,
Kansas
?
allto
It
as
Ans allowed Missouri

in
come slave state

a
it .
prohibited slavery the territory

in
of
While the United

later compro
36
30
of
States north the north latitude

a
,
°
'
1850 nullified this proviso and left slavery optional

in
mise
,
the territory which now Kansas

in
is
.
on
travels two histories five works

6.
Wame two books

,
,
by
Kansans and give the names

of
of
fiction written the

,
authors
.
STATE OF KANSAS 85
Ans . (a ) " A Kansan Abroad ,” by Prentis , and “ A

Journey of a Jayhawker , ” by Morgan . ( b ) “ Tủe Con
quest of Kansas by Missouri and Her Allies , ' by William
A. Phillips , and “ Kansas , Its Interior and Exterior Life ,
by Mrs. Sara T. L. Robinson . ( c ) “ Walls of Men ” and
“ The Price of the Prairies ,” by Mrs. Margaret Hill Mc
Carter ; “ A Certain Rich Man , ” by William Allen White ;
" In His Steps , ” by Rev. Charles M. Sheldon ; “ The Story
of a Country Town , ” by E. W. Howe .
7. How would you teach school -district and township
history ?
Ans . - From the records , also from the narratives of the
oldest residents ; from the newspapers .
8. Associate events in the history of Kansas with the fol
lowing names : Andrew H. Reeder , John W. Gearý , Samuel
H. Kingman , Charles Robinson , Mother Bickerdyke .
Ans . ( a ) The first Territorial Governor . ( b ) Third
Territorial Governor. (c ) Temporary President of the Wy .
andotte Constitutional Convention , and later Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court. ( d ) First Governor of the State of
Kansas . (
e) A famous nurse in the field during the Civil
War .
9. What causes have contributed to make ansas one of
the greatest agricultural states in the country ?
Ans :—Its fertile soil ; its good schools ; its situation near
its
great markets ; the valuable work of State Agricultural

in
College promoting the best methods farming

of
10. Draw an outline map Kansas showing where the

of
principal crops are produced and where the principal min

.
erals are found

.

.
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
mollify negligee pyrites erasable

1.
hacienda meer
,
schaum jardiniere sanguine committable pannier regime

,
, ,
molasses pyramidal guillotine delectable molecule gaso

,
,
,
line Mexican infusible rendezvous hominy incisor plan

,
,
, ,
tain facade flotilla two for each word

of
Give credit
,
(
.
correctly spelled
)
.

.
What euphony Write five words containing suf

2.
is
fixes that mean one who

.
b by
Ans The acoustic effect produced words uttered

a
“
(
)
to .
Internat Dict
so
as
please the ear Mountaineer

,
”
(
)
.
. .
fatalist partisan financier visitor

— ,
Write and define five words using the root form port
3.
, .
Ans Export import bring transport

in
to
to
send out
; ,
to ;
;
.
to
deport carry away report

to
send beyond bring

,
,
back .
4. According to their form and origin words are divided
into what three classes ?
Ans. - Form : Simple and compound . Origin : Primitive
and derivative .
5. Define accent , syllable , trigraph , consonant , vowel .
Ans. ( a) A special articulative effort giving prominence
to a syllable of a word or a phrase . ( b ) An elementary
sound , or a combination of such sounds uttered together
with a single effort or impulse of the voice and constituting
a word or part of a word . ( c) A combination of three
letters representing a single sound . ( d ) An articulate sound
characterized by friction , squeezing , or stoppage of the
breath in some part of the mouth . Also a letter or char
acter representing such a sound . - Internat. Dict .
6. Give diacritical markings and define brooch , choler ,
morphine , orthoepy , hymeneal .
Ans. See the dictionary .
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION ,

1. When should the study of technical grammar begin ?
Give reasons for your answer .
Ans . - In the seventh grade . Experience has shown that
technical grammar does not aid greatly in good composition
work . In the first six years of school work the pupil has
had much practice in oral and written composition . Much
time has been spent in letter writing , reproduction , copying ,
and dictation work . The simpler rules for punctuation ,
capitalization , and paragraphing have been learned . The
principles of technical grammar can not be applied effect
ively in this work by pupils below the seventh grade. How
ever , when the pupil enters the seventh grade, he should be
able to comprehend an orderly and intelligible statement
of the principles that determine the structure of words and
sentences . He also should be able to begin , understand
ingly , the study of the parts of speech with considerable
fullness of detail as to their classes , inflection and syntax .
2. How do you motivate interest in letter writing ?
Ans . —Most of the composing , oral and written , which
mature people do in the routine of business affairs and social
life grow out of need for communicating . Such communi
cations are essential to the success of those concerned .
Plenty of real situations , requiring communicating by the
pupil , arise in connection with school enterprises and the
management of student affairs . The alert teacher will have
little trouble to motivate interest in letter writing . First ,
letters may be written seeking help or information . Such
STATE OF KANSAS 87
letters ' may be addressed to teachers or pupils other in

rooms or buildings , or to the superintendent or the board
of education , asking for things the school really needs .
Second, letters may be written expressing thanks or re
sponding to courtesies received . Third , letters may be writ
ten extending courtesies . Fourth , letters may be written
in which the pupil gives an account of some event that has
furnished him great pleasure or aroused his interest .
3. Tell something that you have done during the past year
to enrich your work in language .
4. Describe fully how you would present a language les
son based on a nature subject to a third grade class .
Ans. - Subject, “ Evaporation of Water . ” Put water into
a tin cup and place on a stove . Have pupils observe what
happens as the water becomes hot . What takes place if the
cup remains over the fire ? What causes this ? Where has
the water gone ? Have pupils tell of places where some
thing similar is seen . What happens when water is sprinkled
on a slate or piece of glass and placed in the sunshine
What causes this ? Tell of places out of doors where wet
objects become dry. What heats air out of doors ? How
many have seen ponds dry up ? What becomes of this pond
water ? Will it ever come back to earth ?
5. Discuss three points that should be considered in choos
ing a subject for composition .
Ans . - Three points to be considered in choosing a sub
ject for composition are , the pupil's ability , the interest he
may have in the subject , and the materials at hand . It is
sheer waste of time to assign a subject for composition work
the
that is beyond the powers and capabilities of pupil

.
The subject must be interesting the pupil Without

to
interest his work will lack that free and spontaneous expres
the aim of
all
sion which composition work Materials

is
furnished either by the teacher herself by ref

be
should
or
erence matter easily accessible the pupil Pupils should

to
of of . .
not be asked make bricks without straw

to
Discuss and illustrate the essentials

6.
sentence
a
Ans
—
as
The shortest sentence consists two words

,
.
John runs When the verb incomplete three words are

is
.
least required
at
as
Roses are red He hit John When

, a
is ;
.
.
transitive verb used that requires second complement

a
four words are needed Love makes labor light

as
When
;
verb auxiliaries are used the number essential words may

of
,
In
still larger Winds may have damaged buildings

be
as
;
every sentence there are two three

or
four essential ele

,
,
of of
ments out which the whole sentence

is
constructed The
.
its
essentials sentence are simple subject verb and

a
,
complement without their modifiers .

7. Define : ( a ) conjunctive adverb ; ( b ) conjunctive pro
noun ; ( c ) conjunctive adjective .
Ans .- ( a) A conjunctive adverb is one that modifies &
verb and at the same time connects a clause ; as , will go I
when you return . ( 6 ) A conjunctive adjective is used to
introduce a noun clause or to connect it with the rest of the
sentence ; as , We have not heard which army was victorious .
( c) A conjunctive pronoun is one that introduces a depend
ent clause and generally connects it with the rest of the
sentence ; as , The man whom you saw is my father .
8. Illustrate in sentences the adjective used as attribute ,
subjective complement , and objective complement .
Ans .— The black horse won the race . Black is an attrib
utive adjective . The house is white . White is an adjective
used as the subjective complement. The apple made the
child sick . Sick is an adjective used as the objective com
plement .
9. Classify , define , and illustrate four kinds of sentences
as to form .
Ans .- Sentences , as to form , are classified as simple , com
pound , complex , and complex -compound . A simple sentence
has only one independent clause ; as , The wind being fair ,
the vessel put to sea . A compound sentence has two or more
independent clauses ; as , The wind was fair and the vessel
put to sea . A complex sentence has one independent clause
and at least one dependent clause ; as , When the wind was
fair the vessel put to sea . A complex compound sentence
Þas at least two independent clauses and one or more de
pendent clauses ; as , The clouds disappeared and the vessel
put to sea when the wind was fair .
10. " Punctuate , capitalize , and paragraph the following :
the womans club of our city started a work last summer
which proved to be one of the clubs greatest successes it is
a workè which could be duplicated by any club in any city
the week before the closing of school we had it announced in
all the rooms of all the schools of the city that on the fol
lowing Monday a juvenile public market would be begun ir
-
an empty building down in the heart of the city .
Ans . The Woman's club of our city started a work last
summer , which proved to be one of the club's greatest suc
cesses It is a work that could be duplicated by any club
.
in any city . The week before the closing of school, we had

all
all
the city
of
of
' it announced in the rooms the schools

.
the following Monday juvenile public market

be on
that
,
a
,
begun empty building down

of
an
rould the heart

in
in
the city
.
STATE OF KANSAS
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES .
1. Intő how many and what periods may United States

history be divided ?
Ans.— Prehistoric ; Voyage and Discovery ; Growth of the
Colonies ; Revolution and Confederation ; National Period .
2. What should be the nature of history study in the
intermediate grades ?
Ans. — It should be made interesting by the use of stories ,
pictures, poems ; these to illustrate the regular text .
3. Name ten colonial leaders . Give the work for which
cach is best remembered .
Ans. ( a ) James Otis ; resistance to unjust taxation .
( b ) Patrick Henry ; the same . ( c ) Benjamin Franklin ; the
same . ( a ) Samuel Adams ; the same. ( e) Thomas Jeffer
son ; resistance to injustice ; constructive legislator .
George Washington ; general resistance ; organizer of the
army ; commander -in - chief. ( g) William Penn ; fair deal
ing with Indians . ( h ) John Eliot ; apostle to the Indians .
( ) John Adams ; leader in organizing . j
( ) John Jay ;
leader in New York .
4. Compare the inland use of waterways of the United
States and Europe .
Ans . — The use of inland waterways - rivers and canals
in Europe is much greater than in the United States .
5. ( a ) What importance do you attach to the study of
.
battles ? ( b ) Name five battles that you would teach and
state why you would teach them .
Ans ( a ) Many battles are important in that they change
the trend of history and extend the bounds of freedom . ( a )
Bunker Hill ; it taught the colonists that they could fight.
( b ) Saratoga ; it brought the French to the American side.
( c ) Trenton ; showed that Washington was a master of
strategy . ( d ) Gettysburg ; turning -point of the Rebellion .
( e) Yorktown ; established the Republic .
6. In what way has the study of history helped to make
you a better citizen ?
Ans. — It has shown me the errors of rulers and peoples ;
the final triumph of right ; that it is righteousness which
exalteth a nation .
7. Name and discuss the leading factors in the develop .
ment and settlement of the West .
Ans . Good soil ; railroads ; judicious advertising ; good
government.
8. Name ten industrial improvements of the United
States .
gin
Ans . - Cotton - steamboat Hoe printing press tele

,
,
;
graph , telephone, reaper , threshing machine , sewing ma

chine , linotype .
9. Who are the following : George W. Goethals , Huerta ,
William Gibbs McAdoo , Fred Funston , Champ Clark , Ed .
ward D. White , Thomas R. Marshall , Villa ?
Ans .— ( a ) Constructor of the Panama Canal .. ( ) Re
cent president of Mexico ; has now fled . ( c ) U. S. Secretary
of the Treasury . ( a ) General in command of the American
troops in Mexico . ( e) Speaker of the House of Representa
tives . of
( f ) Chief Justice the Supreme Court of the
United States . ( 9 ) Vice -President of the United States .
( h ) Leader of the insurrectionary forces in Mexico .
10. Discuss briefly the Panama Canal and the exposition
at San Francisco .
Ans .- ( a ) The opening of the Panama Canal connects the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, thus making it possible to
extend indefinitely the commerce of the world and espe
cially of the United States . (b ) The international exposi
tion is to be opened in San Francisco next February . Great
preparations have been made for a world exhibit .
MODERN HISTORY .
( Answer any five . )
1. What is the value of the study of history ?
Ans . - To learn lessons from the past which can be applied
to the present ; to cultivate the mind by reading the best
histories .
2. What qualifications should be required of the teacher
in history ?
Ans . - That he should be an extensive reader not of school
texts merely but of the great histories ; that he should be a
student of the best in literature , and that he should have
the power of making history interesting and instructive to
students .
3. Give briefly the chief facts concerning the union be
tween Great Britain and Ireland .
Ans . — The union was brought about in 1800 by bribery ,
it was openly charged . Ireland was given representation
103 members —in the Parliament at London , and the Irish
Parliament was abolished .
.
4. Associate important events with the following names :
Asquith , Baron . Lister , Charles James Fox , Nicholas .II
Ans ( a ) Prime Minister of Great Britain . ( 6 ) He is
known as the father of modern antiseptic surgery . He
died a short time ago , in England . Full name , Sir Joseph
Lister . ( c ) A noted British statesman and orator . He was
one of the foremost champions of the American colonies
STATE OF KANSAS 91
during the Revolution . ( d ) The present Emperor of Russia .

5. Give five arguments for universal peace .
Ans. —Peace promotes growth in industries, art , agricul.
ture , commerce , literature , civil freedom , Christianity .
6. What is meant by a bicameral legislature ? Name
three countries which have the bicameral system .
Ans . — A legislature of two houses . United States, Great
Britain , France .
7. Give briefly the argument for and against the pay
ment of members of the British Parliament .
Ans . — It is argued that members should give their services
free for the public good , as members of school boards often
do now . On the other hand , it is urged that members of
Parliament cannot , unless they are rich , afford to sit in
Parliament ; hence that legislation would be wholly in the
hands of the rich . Members are now paid .
8. What is meant by reform of the House of Lords ?
Ans . — After a long struggle the Commons finally guc
ceeded in taking from the House of Lords the power to
veto legislation , and now all important acts passed by the
House of Commons become law after a certain time from
the initial legislation has elapsed .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. When does the next election of state officers occur in
Kansas ? What state officers are to be elected at that time ?
Ans .- ( a) On the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday
in November every two years. The elections are held bien
nially on the years bearing the even numbers . So the next
election will be on November 3. The officers to be elected :
Governor , lieutenant governor , secretary of state , auditor ,
treasurer, attorney - general , superintendent of public instruc
tion
2. How may the constitution of the United States be
amended ? What was the number and substance of the last
amendment ?
Ans . - Congress can by a two - thirds majority of each house
propose amendments , or, on the application of the legisla .
tures of two - thirds of the several states shall call a conven
tion for proposing amendments . In either case ratification
of the amendments by the legislatures of three - fourths of the
sereral states shall be necessary . ( See May number .)
3. Name two advantages of the primary election system .
Ans . — It gives every voter the opportunity to vote for
every candidate for every office . It makes combinations
practically impossible .
4.What is treason ? What is the penalty ? How do you

teach
Ans . a ()
patriotism ?
Levying war against the United States or ad
hering to the enemies of the country or in giving them aid
and comfort . ( b ) In_time of war it is death , but it is
seldom inflicted . ( c) By showing the great privileges we
enjoy in a land of equal opportunity for and that there
all
,
fore we owe the government all possible love and devotion
,
Of how many states and what territories does the
5.
United States consist
?
Forty eight states the Territory
of
Ans Alaska Porto
,
.
-
-
Rico Hawaiian Islands Philippine Islands
,
6. ,
What provision does the constitution
of
the United
of
States make for system courts
a
?
Ans provided for Supreme Court and
—
The constitution
a
.
the Congress may from time

' as
time
to
such other courts
"
ordain and establish

.
'
Discuss our country's attitude towards expansion

7.
.
—
It
Ans opposed
to
is
it
.
What was the recent order of

Seoretary Daniels regard
8.
ing alcoholic beverages give for
he
and what reason did
,
issuing
it
?
Ans Prohibiting the use

of
alcoholic beverages the
in
—
.
navy Reason Alcoholism demoralized the service
.
:
.
power rep
of
of
speaker
? of
Discuss the
9.
the the house

resentatives Who the present speaker
allis
.
Ans Appoints committees Lately this power was

,
.
.
-
the House He assigns the bills introduced

to
surrendered
.
to
the appropriate committees state who has the floor

to
to to ;
to
. all
points put
as
of
for discussion decide order

to
;
or
motions and resolutions and declare them carried lost
,
10. How may foreigners become naturalized Explain

?
the procedure necessary

.
Ans First they must declare their intention

to
become
,
.
citizens and must renounce all allegiance any other gov

to
ernment Then the first papers are issued The final

.
papers are issued after the foreigner has proved that

he
has
lived the United States five yoąrs
in
GEOGRAPHY
.
What would you teach under the heading Observa

1.
tional Geography
?
to
Ans
or
The class could be taken the nearest woods

.
study the action

of
of
fields water formation hills and

to
valleys the maķing

of
soil
,
Give five causes affecting climate

2.
Ans
—
to
Nearness ocean currents altitude latitude

;
;
.
STATE OF KANSAS 93
nearness to large rivers or lakes ; geological formation of

the soil .
3. How would you illustrate to your class glaciers and
terminal moraines ?
Ans . — By the use of sand , ice and stones .
4. Why is the rainfall so heavy on the western coasts of
Scotland and Ireland ?
Ans . — The moisture -laden vapors from the Atlantic Ocean
are condensed upon the western slopes of the mountains.
5. Account for the great desert in northern Africa .
Ans.— The winds from the ocean and seas are deprived of
their moisture before reaching the desert .
6. Why are relief maps so valuable in the study of in
dustries ?
Ans. - Because they show mountains , valleys , and other
natural features in relief , and thus show the student what
causes have led to the growth of industries and commerce .
7. What is the value of interstate or international letter
writing by children in the learning of geography ?
Ans. - A pupil in the United States corresponding with a
pupil in Holland or Sweden , for illustrations , is more likely
to be interested in the geography of the countries named if
the information comes through a personal letter or pictorial
card .
8. What is meant by a graphic representation of products ?
Ans . —When the amount of products is represented by
diagrams , lines and other figures which appeal to the eye .
9. Name the greatest city in Alabama , Oregon , Pennsyl
vania , England , France ; and give the causes why each of
()
the cities named became great .
Ans . a Birmingham ; the production of iron ore. ( 1 )
Portland ; the fact that large steamships can ascend from
the mouth of the Columbia gives Portland an extensive for
eign commerce . ( c ) Philadelphia . It is at the junction of
two great rivers , the Schuylkill and Delaware , and is so
near to the ocean that ocean steamers can ascend to its
wharves. It is the exporting point for much inland com
merce . ( d ) London ; situated on the estuary of the Thames
river , a harbor 50 miles long ; it has a central position
convenient for commerce with the whole world . ( e Paris ; )
connected with the ocean and the world by the rives Seine
its
seaport Havre
at
of
and the mouth the river

,
',
10. Name countries from which the United States imports

coffee berry raw rubber cacoa bean silk tea
b ,
) ,
c ,
.
.
Ans Brazil Peru Peru France

a
d
)
.
(
)
(
.
(
(
)
China and Japan

e
(
)
.

1. Explain the causes of the changes of seasons .
Ans .— The changes of the seasons are due to the inclina
tion of the axis and the revolution of the earth about the
sun . This causes the sun's rays to vary in directness at
different times and this in turn causes the changes of
seasons .
2. What is the origin of rocks ?
Ans . - Stratified rocks are either hardened gravel, sand ,
and clay , or have been formed out of broken and compressed
remains of once living plants and animals . These materials
have been laid down in the sea and these deposits have been
upheaved into dry land . Crystalline rocks have come from
below and have been thrust in a melted state up through
the stratified rocks . They are particularly to be noticed
in the central portion of mountain chains and in the erup
tions of volcanoes .
3. What is meant by the continental shelf plain ? Coastal
plain ?
Ans . The continental shelf is a belt of shallow sea ex
tending from the shore to deep water . A coastal plain is
a strip of land lying along the shore but little elevated above
gea level . At some time the coastal plain was part of the
continental shelf and completely submerged .
4. What is meant by fault ?
Ans . - A fault is the interruption of the continuity of the
strata of the rocks .
5. Define glaciers .
Ans . — A mass of ice moving slowly down a valley from a
snow field above is called a glacier .
6. Describe the floor of the ocean .
Ans . The floor of the ocean , like the surface of the land ,
is covered with hills , mountains , valleys, plains , and plateaus .
The surface of the floor is strewn with mud , sand , and
gravel, worn by the waves from the land , or carried down
by the streams. There are many forms of plant and animal
life to be found , varying according to distance from the
short and depth of the ocean .
7. What is the composition of the air ?
Ans . - Of every hundred parts of ordinary air there are
by weight about seventy -nine of nitrogen and twenty -one of
oxygen . There are present also in irregular amounts solid
particles and three invisible substances -- ozone , carbonic acid
gas , and water vapor .
8. What are the causes of the trade -winds ?
air
Ans.— The heat of the tropical regions causes the

to
STATE OF KANSAS 95
rise . Cool air rushes in from the north and the south ,
These surface currents turn more and more to the westwaru
as they advance , because of the rotation of the earth , anj
are named from the direction from which they come , the
northeast trades and the southeast trades .
9. What are some of the physical factors that determine
the distribution and development of life ?
Ans . - Among the physical factors that determine the dis
tribution and development of life may be noted : ( 1 ) Cl .
mate . The influences which determine the climate of any
place are latitude, altitude , distance from the sea , prevailing
winds and local influences such as soil , vegetation , etc. ( 2 )
Migration and transport . ( 3 ) Changes of land , sea , and of
climate .
10. What is a chinook ? A monsoon ?
Ans . - A chinook is a warm westerly wind common along
the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains from Colorado
northward into Canada . A monsoon is a seasonal wind .
The best example is the monsoon of India . The intense
heat of summer causes a low pressure area over the land
and the winds blow from the ocean toward the land . In
the winter , the heat equator shifts southward , the air over
the land becomes cold and the pressure over the land is
greater than the pressure over the ocean . Hence the air
rushes from the land toward the ocean . The northeast trades
swing across the equator into the southern hemisphere owing its
to the shifting of the heat equator, and India has dry
season
.

.
Iil
1.
Discuss cells their structure kinds and activities

,
,
up.
what way foods containing mineral matter build

do
the
body
?
Ans cell
of
A
small bit protoplasm may

is
It
a
a
a.
(
)
have cell wall or no cell wall Animal cells have

a
.
rounded body within the cell body called the nucleus Near
,
the nucleus smaller rounded body called the centrosome

is
a
The kinds are bone cells cartilage cells connective tissue

,
cells muscle cells blood cells red corpuscles and pale cor
,
,
puscles epithelial cells and nerve cells Cells

,
neurones
(
).
)
the body
of
do
of
all the work Their different activities

.
bring about motion reproduction nutrition and sensation

,
,
.
By
furnishing materials for cell growth and repair

6
,
)
(
and by furnishing material for such intercellular substances

as
the mineral part These intercellular substances

of
bone
.
are built up by the cells

.
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of vege

2.
tarianism . Mention five common errors in cooking .

Ans .-
( a ) Advantages : Freedom from such animal par
asites as tapeworms and trichina ; comparative freedom from
constipation . Disadvantages : Overworks the digestive or
gans ; throws away half of the available food supplies and
so increases cost of living . (
b ) Frying too many foods ,
furnishing a poorly -balanced diet ; using foods that are too
costly ; spoiling the foods by over or under -cooking ; cook
ing too large a supply and being unable to serve the left
overs .
3. How would you emphasize the dignity of good cooking
and good housekeeping in teaching hygiene ?
Ans . - and hap
its
Show intimate connection with health
the family
of
of
piness every member
of
Discuss the mechanism and processes intestinal
4
.
digestion
of
Mention two diseases the intestinal tract
,
.
their causes and cure

) ,
Ans Small intestine large intestine liver and bile

a
,
,
.
(
ducts pancreas and pancreatic ducts The small intestine

,
.
ply tube twenty feet long and
an
four inch diameter
is
in
a
,
-
forty long This greater

of
the inner tube which feet

is
.
length tube makes cross folding
of
the mucous membrane
-
necessary and there are about 900 such cross folds val
,
(
This mucous membrane
is
the small intestine
in
vulæ
.
)
thickly set with intestinal glands and also covered within

with whisker like growth villi of
Processes Mechan
a
) of .
-
ical forward movement caused by the peristaltic motion

as
the small intestine chemical processes follows

;
1
(
(2 :
by
the trypsin
to
Proteids are changed peptones fats

;
are split by the steapsin into glycerine and acids ; )
4 3
( (
) )
by the amylopsin into sugars
up
starches are split

;
double sugars are split by the invertin into single sugars

, . .
by
Typhoid fever typhoid bacteria

of
the presence dys

b
;
(
)
a by
entery dysentery bacteria

of
the presence No sure cures

.
consult physician
.
Give location size shape coverings internal anatomy

5.
and function of the heart

.
Ans Middle of chest little larger than the

A
b
a
.
.
(
)
(
)
person's fist
)
rounded cone Pericardium and

A
d
c
(
)
.
.
(
endocardium Muscular walls enclosing four chambers

e
(
)
.
right auricle and right ventricle separated by

:
muscular
a
partition from left auricle and left ventricle Auriculo

.
ventricular valves tricuspid and mitral prevent reflow

a
(
)
of
to
blood from ventricles auricles These valves are sup

.
by
ported tendinous cords and cone shaped muscles

f
,)
.
(
-
The right ventricle pumps carbonated blood the lungs

to
through the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs

,
STATE OF KANSAS 07
the
to the left auricle ; left ventricle pumps this purified
blood out through the body and brings carbonated bldiod
back from the body the right auricle
to
.
6.
in
the chemical composition
of
is
What the difference
.
— of
bones adults and children
?
Ans Young children have relatively smaller per cent
to of a
.
of mineral matter their bones constitutes about one
in
It
.
fourth one third the weight the bones the animal mat
to
,
-
ter being from three fourths two thirds the weight
; to I1
-
.
an adult the ratio about two thirds mineral matter
is
-
In
one third animal matter old age the mineral matter
-
.
the weight
in of
may become three fourths
?
.
-
by
Explain the changes air produced breathing
7.
.
is
Ans Breathed air more moist usually warmer
.—
),
(
usually contains more carbon dioxid gas and less oxygen
),
(
than unbreathed air

.
of
What are the organs Give the chief

8.
excretion
?
wastes eliminated by each
.
Ans Lungs kidneys skin liver Water and

,
b
a
(
.
(
)
)
.
carbon dioxide gas water salts pigments and urea water
,
;
;
,
,
salts and urea salts and pigments from broken down red
;
-
corpuscles
.
Mention three conditions affecting the efficiency
of
9.
the
muscles
.
Ans Their temperature their food water and pxygen

; .—
supply their freedom from fatigue poisons

.
which the teacher may aid

in
10. Mention three ways

improving the health the community in
of
By practicing the laws hygiene herself by

of
Ans
;
.-
teaching physiology hygiene and sanitation the puuts

to
,
in ;
by
intelligent alertness detecting infectious diseases

in
the school
.
LITERATURE
,
How would you cultivate your pupils love for lit

in
1.
erature
?
Ans By constantly directing attention the best liter

byto
.
-
in
the school library lending them

or
of
ature out
it;
by
reading them fine

to
good books passages

;
.
at
Define classics Name least five classics

2.
“ of .
Ans the highest class and

of
work acknowl
A
a
“
(
)
.
edged International Dict The Pil

“ " —
excellence
b
”
.
(
« )
” " .
grim's Progress The Deserted Village The House

. , ,
,
I
Autobiography Ben
of
of
Seven Gables Don Quixote

, ”
jamin Franklin
of
Give five illustrations the fiction you

3.
would encour
the study
to
age children
of
literature
in
read
.
.--
Ans Robinson Crusoe Ivanhoe Last Days Pompeii
of
,
,
,
Ichabod Crane Les Miserables
.
Give your reasons for regarding Lincoln's Gettysburg
4.
Address as classic
is a
.
Ans the highest rank language structure
to
as
in
It
.
,
thought simplicity
.
5. good expression
of
Name few and
to
the obstacles
,
give rules for acquiring correct expression
.
familiarity with good literature hence
of .-
Ans
of
Lack
a
,
(
)
;
lack thought and vocabulary Not enough practice
ofin
.
writing Constant reading study
in of
the best
. ;
a
in ; 6
)
(
masterpieces continuous practice writing

paragraph two the essential facts Jean
in
or
6.
Give
a
Valjean's interviews with the Bishop What the most im
is
.
portant lesson learned from the selection
?
The good Bishop saw before him
he
Ans convict but
.—
,
was filled with compassion for him The convict saw per
.
sonified goodness and secretly was abashed
of
The lesson
,
.
charity for the erring
.
Neither Benjamin Franklin nor Abraham Lincoln was

7.
graduate high school How did each aa

or
college
of
a
.
quire the ability write English
so
well
to
?
—
They made the utmost use

of
Ans their scanty resources
.
.
They read much and well They became acquainted with
.
masters through reading and acquired style and correctness

,
from the great books they read

.
paragraph
or
State two what causes led

in
to
8.
the
a
Julius Caesar
of
murder
.
—
jealousy
inof
Ans The and ambitions Roinan leaders and

,
.
arrogance
a an
perhaps too there was Cæsar's administra

tion brought about by long series of successes
.
did
In
the play Shakespeare diverge

, of
his construction
9.
history indicate briefly how

If
so
much from
?
Ans Not great deal He took the latitude that dram

a
-
.
atists and poets are allowed but the main facts are given
,
the play
in
.
10.
the reproduction
of
What
is
stories
in
in
the value
the reading classes
?
Ans The narrative and thought make deeper impres

—
a
.
sion and the pupil unconsciously absorbs the author's style

,
and power expression

of
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY

-
Answer any five

(
)
.
bean showing the seed coat

of
Draw
1.
cross section
a
,
-
cotyledons endosperm hypocotyl plumule and radicle

,
,
Ăns For the applicant

—
.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 99
2. Discuss the three -fold function of roots .

Ans . The root system , which is made up of large coarse
roots and fine hair-like roots , has a three - fold function .
First – The root system as a whole acts as an anchor to the
plant . Second – The root hairs are the roots ' feeding or
gans and are found only near the tips of the finest roots .
They also help to water the tree , and in dry seasons they
are the only means by which the plant can receive water .
Third — The large coarse roots serve merely to conduct the
sap and nourishment from the root hairs to the plant .
3 . What are the functions of stems ?
Ans :—The stem , which is the main axis of the plant , is
the means by which the food , taken in by the roots, is con
The stem the main
all
parts the plant
is
of
ducted to
support the plant and also bears foliage .
of
.
Distinguish between monocotyls and dicotyls
4
.
.
—
Ans Ticee are four prominent characters used dis
in
.
tinguishing the diocotyledons and the monocotyledons
1
(
)
.
The embryo conocotyledon single terminal cotyle
of
has
a
of .
don and laterally developed stem tip while the embryo
a
dicotyledon has terminal stem tip and laterally developed

a
a
usually two monocotyle

of
In
cotyledons the stem

a
2
(
(
)
.
don the vascular bundles are scattered while dicotyle

in
;
don they are arranged vascular cylinder

so
as
form
to
enclosing pith
do of
(
The leaves monocotyledons have

3
a
a
)
; .
that veinlets not end freely the

is
closed venation
ofin
,
margin which therefore entire while the leaves dico

an is
;
,
tyledons have open venation veinlets ending freely

) in
,
often variously toothed

or
the margin which

is
lobed
4
,
in .
(
monocotyledons
of
The flowers have their members sets

dicotyledons have their mem
of
of
three while the flowers

;
or
sets of five four

in
bers
. a .
its
all
diagram leaf naming parts

of
Draw
5.

.--
What are the properties

of
protoplasm
6.
Ans The protoplasm living material

as
known
—
which
is
,
,
of up
.
protoplasts The protoplasts are

of
turn
in
is
made
.
up
many minute particles whose nature

is
made obscure
,
.
as
This material known cytoplasm Protoplasm also con

is
tains chloroplasts These are the green bodies which give

.
the color to the plant and also aid

of
the manufacture
in
,
food
.
by
What pollination
7.
is
means
?
pollen from stamen

of
Ans Pollination the transfer

is
.-
stigma and necessary antecedent fertilization

to
to
is
a
,
Give the distinguishing characteristics

of
the algae
8
.
plants
of
group
.
Ans The algae group

of
sea plants that belong

to
—
the
,
.
100 STY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Thallophytes , are characterized by ( 1 ) the presence of

chlorophyll ; (2 ) the presence of the red , green and brown
pigments ; ( 3) the ranging from isolated cells to the intro
duction of alternation of generations ; ( 4 ) the single vege
.
tative cell to complex branching filaments .
9. Define parasites, saprophytes and carnivorous plants .
Ans ( a ) A parasite is a plant that lives on or within
another plant or animal , and is supported at
its
expense
.
on
saprophyte plant that lives decaying animal
is
A
b
a
(
)
its
and vegetable matter and derives nourishment there
.
carnivorous plant one that absorbs animal
is
from A
(c
)
. .
food
10. Give examples
of
the algae group
.
Kelps Dulp Sea
,
Ans Examples the algæ group
of
,
.
-
( :
lettuce Fucus rockweed Sargassum gulf weed Diatoms
),
(
,
),
.
BOOKKEEPING
.
ledger copy the follow
or
1-9 Rule use ruled paper

, a
),
(
.
ing accounts make trial balance financial and business
,
and proof and close the ledger
of
statements statement
. ,
.
PROPRIETOR
....
20
Dec. 100 Dec. .2000

1
|
.
MERCHANDISE
.
Dec. 1000 Dec. 500

2 1
. 3
. . .
600 200
9 8 6
800 600
5
400
12 300
.
EXPENSE
.
Dec. .......
50
Dec. 40
3
4
.
|
REAL ESTATE
.
..1000
14
Dec. .2000 Dec.

4
..
.
LOSS AND GAIN

.
CASH
.
Dec. 1000 Dec. 50

1
3
. .
. .
100 40
4
. 6
400 15 500
9
14 1000 18 400
.
.
.
18 500 20 100
.
20 200
.
BILLS RECEIVABLE
.
Dec. 500 Dec. 18 .... 500

3
.
. .
200
8
12 300
.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 101
J. JONES .
Dec. 6. Dec. 20
100 200 ....
8 1 400
BILLS PAYABLE .
Dec. 15 .. 500 Dec. 4. . 2000
5. 500
S. BROWN .
Dec. 20 . 400 Dec. 2. 600
5. 300
The inventories are : Mdse., $500 ; real estate , $ 1,200.;
expense , $40 .
Ans.
Dec. 20 100 00
Dec. 31 Pres . word 2150 00
2250 00
CR.
Dec. 2000 00
Dec. 31 Net gain 250 00
225000
Jan. 1 Pres . worth 2150 00
MDSE . DR.
Dec. 1000 00
Dec. 2 600 00
Dec. 5 800 00
Dec. 31 Gain 100 00
250000
CR.
Dec. 3 500 00
Dec. 6 200 00
Dec. 8 600 00
Dec. 9 400 00
Dec. 12 300 00
Dec. 31 Invt . 500 00
2500 00
Jan. 1 Invt . DR. 500 00

EXPENSE . DR.
Dec. 3 50 00
IOZ COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Dec. IT 40 | 00 II
11 90 00
CR .
Dec. 31 Inst . 40 00
Dec. 31 Loss 50 00
400
90
-
Jan. nvt DR 40 00
1
.
REAL EST ACE DR
.
Dec. 2000 00
1
4
Dec. 31 Gain 200 00
2200 00
Dec. 14 GR 1000 00
.
Dec. 31 lavt 1200 00
.
00
2200
Jan. Inyta DR 1200 00

1
QASE DR
.
Dec. 1000 00
9 6 1
Dec. 100 00
Der 400 00
.
Dec. 1000 00
48
Dele 500 00
.
Dec. % 200 00
3200 00
Dec. OR 50 00
.
Dec. 40 00
Dec. 15 500 00
Dec. 18 500 00
Dec. 20 100 00
Dec. 31 Balance 2100 00
3200 1.00
Jan. Balance DR 2110 00

1
BILLS REC DR
.
Dec. 500 00
3
STATE OF KANSAS 103
Dec. 8 200 00 11
Dec. 12 300 00
1000
Deć . 18 CR . 500 00
Jan. 1 Balance DR. 500

BILLS PAYABLE . DR.
Dec. 15 500 00
2500 00
Jan. 1 Balance CR . 2000 00
Dec. 4 DR. 2000 00

Dec. 5 500 00
2500 00
J. JONES . RD.
Dec. 6 100 00
Dee . 8 400 00
500 00
CR.
Dec. 20 200 00
500 00
Jan. 1 Balance DR. 300 00
S. BROWN . DR.
Dec. 20 400 00
900 00
Dec. 2 CR. 600 00

Dec. 5 300 00
900 00
Jan. Bal . CRR.. 500 00

LOSS AND GAIN .

DR.
Dec. 31 Expense 500 00
Dec. 31 Proprietor 250 00
300 00
Dec. 31 Mdse . CR. 100 00

Dec. 31 Real Estate 200 00
300 00
TRIAL BALANCE . DR.

Proprietor 100 00
Mdse . 2400 00
: Expense 90 00
Real Estate 2000 00
Cash 3200 00
Bills Rec . 1000 00
Bills Pay . 500 00
J. Jones 500 00
S. Brown 400 00
10190. ) 00
CR.
Proprietor 2000
Mdse . 2000
Expense
Real Estate 1000 00
Cash 1090 00
Bills Rec . 500 00
Bills Pay . 2500 00
J. Jones 200 00
S. Brows 900 00
10190
SUMMARY
Cash received 3200 00
Cash paid out 1090 00
Bal , on hand 2110 00
Proprietor's net
credit 1900 00 |
| Proprietor's net
STATE OF KANSAS 105
gain 250 00
Proprietor's pres. 2.1
worth 2150 00
PROOF :
Proprietor's total
resources 4650 00
Proprietor's total
liabilities 2500 00
Proprietor's pres .
ent worth 2150 00
P. S. - In the expense account in the printed questions

there is evidently an error . The $40 cr . must belong to the
DR. side . Also on account of inconvenience to the printer ,
the CR. side of the ledger is placed under the DR.
10. Give your method of developing the general rules for
debit and credit .
Ans . - Everything that an account receives is debited ;
anything disposed of is credited .

1. What is the cause of the lack of leaders in community
welfare in rural districts ?
Ans . — The residents in rural communities are accustomed
com
to the conditions which have prevailed in the past and
paratively few realize the desirability or possibility to of
change The conditions surrounding rural life also tend
.
promote individuality and independence rather than fellow

ship and unity
of
effort Unfortunately many

of
the per
.
sons best qualified for leadership bave not been disposed

to
•
remain rural communities and therefore some of the

in
rural districts are deprived

of
natural leaders There

is
a
.
tendency now however towards better condition and the

a
,
,
rural life are coming

of
be
attractions more and more

to
appreciated
.
2.
of
Discuss the ventilation schoolroom describing

a
good system and telling how the teacher may overcome the
poor system
of
or
system
of of
effects lack
a
Ans The proper ventilation includes

.—
schoolroom
a
the admission of an abundant supply

of
fresh air and the

the air which has been contaminated by the
of
removal
of
of
occupants the room An effective system heating and

.
ventilation provides for the admission fresh air from

of
outside the building through

to
duct which extends the

a
floor beneath the heater As the warm air rises fresh

a
,
supply is drawn in . After circulating throughout the room

the air becomes cooler and sinks to the floor , whence it
escapes through a flue connected with the chimney , the heat
from which increases the draught . If
the room is warmed
by an ordinary stove , the circulation of the air is improved
by a metal jacket about the stove ; but fresh air must be
admitted through the door or windows. It is well to pro
vide openings on opposite sides of the room or at different
heights so as to facilitate the admission of fresh air and
the removal of foul air . The openings should be arranged
80 as to protect the pupils from excessive draughts , though
these are not objectionable to those who are accustomed to
them . In moderate weather all the windows should be kept
wide open ,
3. How may the schoolhouse be made a community cen
ter ? Why is this desirable ?
Ans . The schoolhouse is the only building owned in com
mon by the community and is therefore a natural meeting
place . Since it is the center of interest for the children , it
may be made attractive to adults . By inviting parents and
friends on special oocasions the teacher may do much to
foster a community interest . It is desirable that the mem
bers of the community should meet for conference and dis
cussion to as to promote mutual understanding and to pro
vide for the common welfare ,
4. What harm results from the verbatim recitations which
are sometimes required by inexperienced teachers ? Is there
any advantage in such recitations ; e. g ., a memoriter recita
tion in history or geography ?
.--
verbatim recitations the pupils often repeat the

In
Ans
words which they have memorized with no real comprehen
the meaning An inexperienced teacher danger
of
in
sion
is
.
accepting such recitations study and true

as
of
of
evidence
ef
knowledge thus encouraging this form unprofitable
of
,
fort There
in
certain advantage memorizing suitable

is
.
the matter thus committed made the subject

is
if
selections
question and discussion
of
the recitation but recita

in
a
;
tion which includes nothing more than the repetition

of
the
history geography has but little
or
to
of
words the text

in
it
commend
.
on
What the teacher has an

if
5.
is
the effect the school

imperious manner towards the pupils
?
is
Ans .-- the teacher's manner imperious there

If
is
,
of
in
lack sympathy the relations between teacher and pupil

in to or.
particularly injurious
of
The effect the case timid

in
is
do
sensitive pupils who under such teacher not dare

,
assert themselves Fear becomes the prevailing motive

.
STATE OF KANSAS 107
the government of the school and the sense of freedom does

not exist.
. 6. How does a child differ from an adult in giving atten
tion to objects ?
The
Ans . — child habitually attends to objects which are
of present and immediate interest , while an adult has greater
ability to attend to objects which are not themselves inter :
esting. The child's attention is involuntary ; the adult is
capable of voluntary attention also .
7. What application in teaching may be made of the
statement that " necessity is the spur to clear thinking ' ' ?
Ans . If there is no compelling motive, the thoughts are
inclined to wander aimlessly. Situations may be arranged
in which the pupil will feel the necessity of putting forth a
vigorous effort . Games and contests afford such opportuni
ties. The preparation of a lesson or the accomplishment of
a task within a specified time are other illustrations .
8. Why do pupils forget so quickly much that they have
been taught ?
Ans . - The chief reason for the failure of the memory is
because the fact forgotten has not been associated in the
thought with other important or well -known facts or with
familiar experiences . Ît is almost impossible to remember
for any length of time an isolated fact or statement . Repe
tition and interest, also , are important aids to the memory .
9. Why are facility and ease in handwriting desirable ?
Ans .— Facility and ease are desirable as means for the
improvement of the character of ones handwriting ; but the
chief reason why they are desirable is because the person
who writes with ease and facility is able to give his atten
tion to the thought which he wishes to express in writing
rather than to the process , while the one who writes with
difficulty must divide his attention between the thought and
the muscular effort . The principle is the same as that which
requires an expert typewriter to have complete mastery of
his machine , or a musical performer of his instrument .
10. What are some of the causes for distractions in the
schoolroom and how may they be avoided ?
Ans . Some of the causes for distraction in the school .
room are improper ventilation , lack of suitable occupations,
absence of vital interest on the part of pupils , lack of poise
and self - control on the part of the teacher . The manner of
avoiding or connecting each of the causes named is self
evident ,
by
opening the windows providing each pupil

viz
.:
with some definite task arousing the pupils interest in

,
'
by
wholesome things and rigid self iscipline

,
.
-d
I COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
AGRICULTURE .
1. Prepare a good plan for crop rotation on 160 acres in
your county , giving reasons for arrangement. Compare yield
per acre of corn in your county with same in the state .
Ans. In this county ( Shawnee ) I
would have sixty acres
in corn , fifty in wheat , ten in potatoes , ten in alfalfa, ten
in orchard , seventeen in pasture , one in yard , one in garden
and one in barn lots .
2. What can you say of the importance of the wheat crop
in Kansas ? When and how should wheat be harvested , and
what should be done with the straw ?
Ans . — Wheat ranks second in importance in Kansas . It
should be harvested when the straw begins to turn yellow .
If rough feed is needed the straw may be stacked for feed ,
otherwise it should be burned .
3. Discuss the selection of alfalfa seed , preparation of
seed bed , time, depth , and rate of seeding , and proper time
for cutting .
Ans. — The seed should be carefully selected , to insure
freedom from weeds , the seed may also need inoculation .
The seed bed should have a smooth mellow surface . The
seed should be lightly covered and about twenty pounds
sown per acre . It can be sown at any time from April
until the last of August . It
should be cut when it begins
to blossom .
4. How are the leaves , stalks , and roots of sorghum
adapted to hot , dry climates ? What is the value of ferti
lizer constituent inone ton of alfalfa ?
Ans. - The leaves are broad , thick and tough , and have
the power of curling . The curling process prevents trans
piration . The stalk , because of its hard outer coat , is
drouth -resisting , the roots penetrate the soil to a great
depth , thus securing moisture. A ton of alfalfa contains
about fourteen pounds of nitrogen, two and one -half pounds
of phosphoric acid , and eleven pounds of potash , besides
some other fertilizing elements .
5. Name three best crops for silage . At what period of
development should the crop be cut for silage ?
Ans . — Corn , sorghum and cow peas . Each should be cut
just before beginning to ripen .
5. Discuss the feeding of beef cattle . Give amount of
roughness , amount of grain , and value of silage used in pro
ducing 100 pounds of beef.
Ans . — This
question admits of much discussion , more than
can be presented here . The increase in land values and the
high market prices of foodstuffs make a continuous change
in methods . Short feeding seems to prevail today . On short
STATE OF KANSAS 109
feed rations it takes approximately fifteen bushels of shelled

corn , one - fourth ton alfalfa , three- fourths of a ton corn
silage , and two hundred pounds of cottonseed meal, to pro
duce one hundred pounds of beef. Values vary .
7. What are the leading breeds of draft horses in Kansas
and what should they weigh ?
Ans Percheron and Clydesdale They should weigh from
.--
.
fourteen seventeen hundred pounds
to
.
What advantages are claimed for the Poland China
8
.
hogs Hampshire Duroc Jersey Discuss feeding care

?
,
and time for marketing hogs
.
the typical
It It
Ans claimed that the Poland China

is
is
-
.
lard hog matures early and fattens quickly The Hamp
.
a .
shire medium sized hog and good forager for food
A in
oris
field woods The Duroc Jersey a

prolific breeder
a
is
-
.
.
by
good alfalfa pasture and the products
of
the farm and
-
fattened with corn The hog should have plenty pasture
of
.
be
and marketed early

.
good balanced ration for lay

of
Give the elements

9
a
.
ing hens
.
Ans Laying bens should have free access self
to
a
.-
feeding hopper grit ground bone crushed alfalfa leaves
,
. ,
,
corn and wheat The hopper should

of
be
and whole grain
surrounded by litter which they will scratch
in
10. What are the most profitable fruits for western

a
Kansas orchard Eastern Kansas How should the trees

?
planted and cultivated

be
Ans would take too much space

It
answer this ques

to
-
.
tion fully
In
eastern Kansas nearly all classes fruits

so of
.
grown profitably In western Kansas many

be
can
.
be
varieties can not profitably

In
raised eastern Kansas

,
.
apples and strawberries are the most profitable while

be in
,
the western part plums Special care should

do
best
,
given the soil for three four years before planting wind
or
;
all
break used thorough cultivation the time

in
the west
;
READING
.
Explain how pupil begins acquire vocabulary

to
1.
it a
and how he builds up

.
Ans The child begins vocabulary with the

to
acquire
.—
first words which he hears and with his first efforts

to
imitate their sound The same process hearing and imi

of
.
tation continued indefinitely When the child learns

at is
,
.
school that words are represented by

or
either
in
home
,
printed and written characters begins build up his

he
to
,
knowledge Advancement requires

of
these characters
aral
.
1 :
most infinite repetition impressions through the ear

of
the eye and of reaction through the organs of speech . The

process becomes somewhat artificial when the child becomes
à pupil and when detached words are systematically pre
sented for observation and study . The essentials in build
ing up z vocabulary are always observation and use .
2. Of what advantage is dramatization in the teaching of
reading ?
Ans. — Dramatization , as the term is used in teaching read
ing , helps chiefly in making the subject matter real and
vivid in the child's imagination . Reading is more natural
and expressive when the reader feels as if he were speaking
for himself rather than repeating what some other person
has said .
3. What is m ' eant by interpretation in reading ?
Ans. - Interpretation is expressing the meaning
of the
text fully and adequately so that the listener may thor
oughly comprehend it .
4. " Is it necessary that the teacher study the mechanics
of reading ; e. g ., the rules for time , emphasis , etc. ? Give
' the reason for your answer .
Ans . — The teacher should know the principles and me
-chanics of reading so that he may have a standard by
which to measure the pupil's performance. Defects will
thus be recognized and the proper remedies applied .
5. Define emphasis as used in reading and give some
practical suggestion as to variation in emphasis . Illustrate
by reference to some quotation which you have recently read
or studied .
Ans Emphasis is
a is
placed
.--
of
the stress voice which

to
sentence according
of
upon the words their relative

importance the expression the thought Not only does
of
in
the proper placing the emphasis make the meaning

of
on
clearer but the effect

of
the mind the hearer

is
more
,
agreeable and impressive

In
the reader avoids monotony
if
Wave and Tide good example

is
the selection there

,
a
of "
”
,
proper emphasis the reading

of
of
in
the need the last

,
each stanza the emphatic words being wave
of
two lines
, ,
failure routed defeated tide win

,
.
'
of
What the advantage introductions and notes

in
6.
is
connection with the lessons assigned for reading

?
Ans Introductions and notes are often necessary for the

.
-
acquainting the reader with the setting

of
purpose
"
if’'
'
especially true
be
to
and this
is
the selection read the

;
be
of
matter read an extract taken out its connection

to
is
'
original Without such assistance the pupil often

in
the
is
.
reading about The pupil's lim

he
inable know what

to
is
be
ited experience and acquaintance with literature should

STATE OF KANSAS 11 !
supplemented by the aids mentioned .

7. Why do not children read with the natural talking
voice ? Is this desirable ? Why ?
Ans . - Two reasons for artificial reading are self -con
sciousness and the effort , required to recognize and pronounce
the words . If
the pupil's mind is distracted by thought of
himself while he is trying to read , or if
the words are not
familiar , it is almost impossible for him to read naturally .
Natural reading is rare even among adults ; but it is an
exceedingly desirable accomplishment because the expros
sion is not complete or appropriate nor agreeable to tho
hearer unless tho reading is natural .
8. How does the effort required on the part of the teacher
in the preparation for the recitation in reading and in con
ducting the recitation compare with the effort required in
other branches ?. Give the reason for your answer .
Ans . — Suitable preparation for the recitation in reading
requires fully as much effort on the part of the teacher as
preparation in any other branch . In some respects even
more careful preparation is needed in order to prevent the
recitation from becoming a mere repetition of the words of
the text . The direction of the pupil's thought and effort in
reading depends largely upon the knowledge and skill of
the teacher because the selections to be read do not contain
directions for the guidance of the student , without which
9. 10
,
the effort put forth in study is small or aimless , and there
fore ineffectual . Too often the teacher is satisfied with
“ hearing ” the pupils read .
WAVE AND TIDE .
On the far reef the breakers
Recoiled in shattered foam ,
Yet still the sea behind them
Urges its forces home :
Its chant of triumph surges
Through all the thunderous din
? The wave may break in failure ,
But the tide is sure to win !
2
The reef is strong and cruel ;
Upon its jagged wall
One wave a score a hundred
Broken and beaten fall ;
Yet in defeat they conquer ,
The sea comes flooding in ,
Wave upon wave is routed ,
O mighty sea ! thy message
In clanging spray is cast ;

Within God's plan of progress
It matters not at last
How wide the shores of evil ,
How strong the reefs of sin
The wave may be defeated ,
-Priscilla Leonard .
. ( 1) Isthe chief subject in this poem natural phenomena
or human experience ?
( 2 ) Select five expressions which describe the movement
of natural elements or forces .
( 3 ) Select five words or expressions which generally re
fer to human experience but which in this poem are applied
to natural objects . What is the effect of such use lan of
guage ? '
( 4 ) What words in the poem are applied solely to human
experience ?
( 5 ) ( a ) Give brief directions for reading this poem
aloud . ( b) Summarize the central thought in a single
sentence .
Ans .- ( 1) The greater part of the poem is occupied with
a description of natural phenomena , but the chief purpose
of the poet is to apply the movement of the wind and tide
as an illustration of human experience . ( 2) Five expres
sions descriptive of nature : The breakers recoiled ,
pressions
"
shattered foam , ” “ the wave may break , ” “ the sea comés
flooding in ," clanging spray. ( 3 ) Five words or ex .
figuratively applied to natural objects : “ Urges
forces home ,is a chant of triumph ,” “ the reef is cruel,”
“ routed ," " defeated . " The effect of such figurative lan
guage is to make the expression of the thought impressive
and beautiful . ( 4 ) The following words are applied in the
poem solely to human experience : “ Plan , " ** progress
',
evil, " "

sin
The reader should try picture

to
5
a
.
."
)
(
)
(
of
his
imagination the breaking rocky

on
the waves
in
shore their advancing and receding alternately while the

,
,
tide steadily rises

be
The poem should read with firm

.
steady tones not too fast with emphasis placed surely

beon
,
important and contrasted words The last stanza should

.
read with rich full tone expressing confidence the ulti

of in
mate triumph good Human progress may seem

of
to
6
)
(
.
hindered and even thwarted by the forces

be
evil and
sin but God's plan will ultimately prevail just
as
the tide
;
,
rises and covers the reefs upon which the waves for time
a
have been broken

.
STATE OF KANSAS 113
ANCIENT HISTORY .
1. Explain principal contribution of the Hebrews and
Phoenicians to civilization .
civ
Ans . — The principal contribution of the Hebrews to
.
religion which with its mono
of
ilization was their system
,
as
theistic doctrine and moral code presented the Scrip
in
tures has given the basis the religion accepted by all civ
of
.
ilized peoples The ancient Phoenicians invented the
.
alphabet perhaps the most important invention ever made

,
by man They also engaged commerce and diffused the
in
.
knowledge which they possessed among the colonies which
of
they founded along the shores the Mediterranean Sea
.
Discuss the Homeric poems and their importance
2.
in
,
history
.— .
Ans The Homeric poems the Iliad and the Odyssey
,
,
of
were the earliest works Greek literature and have been

Their importance the inspiration which
preserved to
due
is
.
as
they have given literary masterpieces
to
and also the
information which they contain with reference the man
to
.
the times represented
of
ners and customs

.
Describe the government of Sparta

its
good and bad
3.
.
points
.
Ans.The government of Sparta was essentially military
.
produced race physically strong and soldiers who were
It
great endurance result Sparta

of
brave and capable As

a
.
the two leading cities rival

of
of of
became one Greece and

a
The government of Sparta did not like that

ofof
Athens
,
, .
Athens encourage the cultivation art literature and

,
philosophy nor did promote democracy

it
;
.
of
Trace the course Alexander's conquests and discuss

4.
the results
.
Ans Alexander was the son of Philip the king

of
Mace
,
.
-
donia He had wonderful military genius which dis

he
.
of
played the Greeks conquering the Persians

as
in
leader
,
campaigns against Tyre Gaza and Egypt and

in
expedi
in
,
as ,
, of
far He founded the city

to
as
tions the east India

.
Egypt and established immense empire

an
Alexandria
in
which however did not endure after his early death One
,
,
.
of
Alexander's conquests was the exten

of
the chief results

he
of
sion Greek civilization over the lands which conquered

.
Discuss the physical geography Italy

of
5.
Ans.- Italy peninsula projecting from the south

of
is
a
Europe into the Mediterranean Sea The northern part

.
contains the valley

of
of
the Po the southern consists

a
;
central mountainous region extending from north

to
south
and drained by streams which
of
with the exception the

,
Tiber and the Arno , are comparatively small. The southern

part of the peninsula is subject to volcanic disturbances ,
Vesuvius and Aetna being volcanoes well known on account
of their frequent eruptions .
6. Describe the career ' of Julius Caesar , and its results
upon the history of Rome.
Ans. — Julius Cæsar was one of the greatest characters in
the history of the world , and probably the greatest of the
ancient Romans . He came into prominence as a champion
of the popular cause .
The first Triumvirate , composed of
Cæsar , Pompey , and Crassus , secured control of the govern :
ment which they administered to advance their own interests.
After serving as consul , Cæsar obtained the government oť
the province of Gaul for two successive periods of five
by
are
years. His campaigns in Gaul
in
described himself
his Commentaries on the Gallic War In the course of
.
these operations
he
on
crossed over into Britain two occa
sions Cæsar and Pompey becoming rivals engaged
in
a
.
,
finally
as
civil war which Cæsar was victorious result
in
a
of the battle of Pharsalia C. This left Cæsar as
B.
in
48
the master of Rome and he ruled
with extraordinary wis
d
of
On account
or
dom his ambition become emperor to
, .
king conspiracy was formed against

as
was supposed
he it
a
,
of
on
him and was assassinated the fifteenth March 44
,
B.
Although Cæsar was not permitted

, C.
become em
to
of
peror prepared way for the establishment
he
had the an
empire which Octavius became the first ruler
of
.
height name four
its
Discuss Roman literature

at
7.
2
writers and tell what they wrote

at .
its
Ans Roman literature was height during the age

-
.
Augustus who was great patron of literary men Al

of
a
,
the Romans pro

.
though lacking somewhat originality

in
duced works of much artistic excellence and value Four

.
writers Vergil the Aeneid Horace

of
the author
a
:
,
;
,
of
in
all
writer odes satires and epistles poetic form

,
, ;
,
,
of
Cicero the orator and writer philosophical essays Livy

;
,
the greatest Roman historian Cicero preceded and Livy

.
followed the Augustan age

.
Explain how the Roman empire was established under

8.
Augustus
.
of
Ans After the assassination Julius Cæsar the second

.
by
Triumvirate was formed Antony Octavius and Lepidus

,
whom the republican forces under Brutus and Cassius

bý
were defeated Soon after Antony and Octavius became

,
.
war which was brought

an
rivals and end with the

to
in
a
,
of
31
battle Actium Octavius was victorious and

in
C.
B
,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 115
in 27 B. C. he established himself as the first Roman em

peror , with the title of Augustus Cæsar .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICAL

( Answer any five. )
1. With what units are measurements made of length ,
surface , volume , force , time ?
Ans. - The units of length are the centimeter and foot ;
of surface , the square centimeter and square foot ( or square
inch ) ; of volume , the cubic centimeter and cubic foot ; of
force , the pound and gram ( more exactly , the force that
will change the velocity of one gram one unit per second ) ;
of time , the second .
2. Explain the hydraulic press .
Ans . The hydraulic press is constructed on the principle
that the pressure of any liquid , as water , depends upon the
height of the column and is diffused equally in all direc
tions . Thus , if water is poured into a small vertical pipe
connected at the lower end with a larger pipe , it will stand
at the same level in both , the small column apparently
balancing the larger one. Downward pressure by means of
à piston on the surface of smaller area produces on the
larger area an upward pressure , which increases in propor
tion to the increase of the area . Thus a comparatively small
force may be applied so as to produce a great pressure , but
the distance through which the greater pressure is exerted
is correspondingly less .
3. Describe the pendulum . Upon what does the rate of
vibration depend ?
Ans . — The simple pendulum is a weight suspended in such
a way that it swings back and forth without resistance . The
rate of vibration depends upon the length of the pendulum ,
i . e ., the distance from the point of support to the center
of the mass .
Define adhesion , cohesion , capillarity , and give an
-
4.
illustration of each .
Ans . Adhesion is the attraction exerted between the sur .
faces of different bodies in contact , e. g ., between a rain .
drop and a window pane ; cohesion is the molecular attrac
tion between the particles of a substance making it a con
tinuous mass , e. g., the attraction between the particles of
a drop of water ; capillarity is the elevation or depression
of a liquid when in contact with a solid substance , especially
oil
in a tube, e. g . , the rising of lamp wick

of
in
or
by a
moisture through the soil

.
by
Explain the heating

. of
room furo
5
stove
a
a
.
,
by
fireplace grate
or
nace
a
,
Ans:-The air which comes in contact with a hot stove

rises on being warmed and reaching the ceiling is diffused
throughout the room . Then . falling when cooled it moves
the
along floor the stove thus completing the circulation
to
.
Besides this heat radiated directly all directions from
in
is
,
of
of
In
the heated surface the stove case furnace fresh
,
.
admitted through
to
air is duct the air chamber surround
a
ing the fire box intro
is
Thence when heated rises and
it
.
to
Some
or
duced through flues ducts the various rooms
.
large buildings
. re
to
times especially fan used
in
is
,
a
,
of
inforce the action gravity promoting the circulation
in
provided for the
be
ofor
vent flue near the floor should

A
by
impure air
is or
escape the cool The heat given out
a
.
fire place grate chiefly radiated directly from the fue
or
and the surrounding material The
or
metal brick stone
.
produced by the entrance air through doors
of
circulation
is
from other parts of the building

or
or
to
windows take the
place that which escapes with the smoke through the
. of
chimney
air
sound through the
Describe of
6.
the transmission
.
Ans.- Sound transmitted through the air
in
waves
is
by
produced the sounding body The motion

of
the vibration
to.
the air particles longitudinal that
of
and fro
in
is
is
,
,
the direction which the sound wave moves and the air
in
;
alternately rarified and compressed
is
an
light
of
7.
Define reflection and refraction Give

.
of
illustration each
.
ray light falls polished surface

of
on
it
If
. at is
Ans
at a
a
.
as
sent back an angle which the same the angle

. is
which falls upon the surface called reflection

is
This
it
the bending ray

or
Refraction change direction when

to in
is
a
of
light passes from one medium

of
another different
an ordinary mirror
of
an
density The formation image

in
.
reflection and the light

of
an
example
of
is
is
the sun
reflected from the moon and planets Refraction causes the
of .
the position object when sub

an
apparent change
in
.
of
The magnifying effect also

in
merged water lenses

is
.
due to refraction
.
magnetic force
or of
What are lines

8.
?
-If
on
paper placed
of
Ans glass sheet bar

is
a
a
.
magnet and soft iron filings are scattered over when the
it,
-
glass paper tapped the iron filings arrange

or
gently
is
regular lines or curves which are always sim

in
themselves
ilar These are called magnetic lines
of
force and their

.
by
pressure the temporary magnetizing

of
revealed the
ofis
particles iron
.
CTATE OF KANSAS 117
WRITING .
Write an outline for the daily lesson in penmanship
1.
for the fifth , sixth , seventh , and eighth grades .
Ans. - For the applicant .
its
im
2. Discuss the correct position of the body and
portance
—.
done unless the body
be
Ans The best work cannot
is
.
in
comfortable position
3. a
.
When should the child begin use this pen
to
?
begins
he
Ans write
to
When
.
.
Write the small letters connectedly
4.
.
.
.
the compact oval two lines high
of
Write one line

5.
.
-
.
MUSIC .
of
What
in
1.
is
the value music the school
?
Music discipline compelling
as
may have value
.—
Ans
,
self for the general good drill
as
of
subordination
in
; a
;
quick thinking mental alertness being stimulated re
; as
a
,
fining influence fostering the sense
as
of
the beautiful
a
,
health exercise deep breathing being required

A is ,
.
What Discuss its value
2.
round
a
Ans composition which different parts begin

in
a
.
(
)
regular rhythmic intervals each returning from the end

to at
as
the beginning for many repetitions

b as
desired hence
,
the name round The round has long been popular

'
(
)
England and many teachers regard of

as
with favor
in
it
,
the practice part singing but the skill requires

of
use
in
of it
,
might more profitably employed the study

be
suitable
in
part songs
.
Define chromatic scale Name the syllables ascending

3.
and descending
.
half tep suc

in
Ans which tones oscur

in
scale
A
( a
.
(
b )
-s
cession The syllables commonly employed class

in
.
teaching spelled the Italian way major key Ascending

in
,
, re ,
, ,
mi Descending
fa
, do
do
so
ti
ti, di
, la
fi
si
,
, ri,
, )1
,
fa ,
, ,
ra li,
,
,
(
.
mi
do
do
la
se
so
le
re
te
me
,
,
How
does the double sharp affect the pitch represented
a 4.
by staff degree
?
Ans No notation sign does anything the thing pitch

—
to
.
in . it on a .
double sharp makes sharped staff degree represent

A
be
pitch one half step higher double sharp may used

A
-
staff degree which has not been sharped which case

in
a
makes the staff degree represent pitch one step higher

a
ideas may avoided by keeping clearly

be
of
Confusion
mind the distinction between changing the pitch represented
by a staff degree , and changing the pitch representing

power of a staff degree .
5. Illustrate on a staff four measures in the key of E flat ,
4 measure , using at least four rhythmic figures .
6. ( a ) Define pulse . ( b ) Define transition .
Ans. ( a ) “ One of a series of regularly recurring throbs
or impulses . " ( b ) A brief modulation .
7. Define folk song . Name two well - known folk songs .
Ans.- ( a ) A song of traditional or common origin . Some
times a song in the folk song style, of known authorship .
( b ) Auld Lang Syne , Suwanee River .
8. Illustrate the following characters : sharp , double flat ,
F clef , cancel, hold .
1
STATE OF KANSAS 119
July 24 and 25 , 1914 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. What are like numbers ? How would you develop the
principle that only like numbers can be added ?
Ans . - Numbers that have the same unit of measure are

like numbers . Thus , 3 bu ., 4 bu ., 6 bu .; 1 lb., 5 lbs ., 7 lbs .;
5 units , 3 units , 8 units ; 3 eighths , 5 eighths , 7 eighths .
Only such numbers as have a common unit of measure , or
can be reduced to numbers having a common unit of meas
ure , can be added . Thus , 3 bu ., 5 bu ., 6 bu . can be added
directly ; 3 bu ., 3 pk ., 7 qt . can be added by reducing to a
common unit , 1 qt. 3 bu ., 4 cents , 5 lbs . can not be added ,
since they have no common unit of measure .
2. Explain “ borrowing ” in subtraction as you would te

a class of beginners.
Ans . - From 542

Take 154
388
We cannot take 4 units from 2 units . Take 1 ten from

4 tens and change it to units . 1 ten equals 10 units . 10
units and 2 units are 12 units . 4 units from 12 units leaves
8 units . Write 8 uņder units . We cannot take 5 tens from
3 tens . Take 1 hundred from 5 hundreds and change it to
tens . 1 hundred equals 10 tens . 10 tens and 3 tens are
13 tens . 5 tens from 13 tens leaves 8 tens . Write 8 under
tens . 1 hundred from 4 hundreds leaves 3 hundreds. Write
3 under hundreds. The remainder is 388 .
3. Explain the difference between common fractions and

decimals .
Ans. -A common fraction may have any number what

always written by placing
its
ever for denominator and

is
If
the numerator above and the denominator below line

a
of
10
, be
the denominator some power the fraction can

is
written decimally and then becomes decimal Thus

it
.
34
310 are common fractions .75 are decimals

.3
5
;
,
,
Develop the following principles Multiplying

4.
the
a
(
)
b :
numerator multiplies the fraction Multiplying the de

.
(
)
nominator divides the fraction

,
Ans . — The denominator indicates the unit fraction . The

numerator indicates how many of these units are taken .
Thus , in , 4 is the unit fraction and 3 of the units are
taken . Hence , to multiply the numerator multiplies the num .
ber of unit fractions but does not in any way change the
unit fraction . But to multiply the denominator decreases
the size of the unit fraction ; that is , divides the unit frac
tion while the numerator , or the number of units taken ,
remains unchanged . Hence the fraction itself is divided .
Thus , if we multiply the denominator of by 4 we have
is 316
116
is
to
and the unit fraction changed from which
,
1
the original unit fraction
of
Hence the fraction has

1
.
been divided by 4
.
5/6
by
Explain dividing
of
the process
5.
.
Solution.
BA
% 6656
Suppose line and line
A is
B
A
.
: :: :
Then 116
=
=
5 5 5 B
That 11
is
% % %
3 2 1
Then
=
65
XX
3 2
=
7x3
=
i
445 835
=
=
5
by
its
divide by
we
multiply
to
Hence fraction recip

a
rocal
.
Solve and explain the process

6.
121 per
is
630
a
,
$
(
is )
:
cent more than what amount 630 121 per cent less
$
b
?
(
)
than what amount

.-
?
We have given the sum

of
Solution the base and

a
(
. , )
636 and the rate 127 per cent required

It
percentage
is
,
$
,
find the base

to
But 630 = the sum

$
.
of of of
%% %
100 the base the base

121 the base the percentage
=
1121 the base the sum
;
X of
%
Therefore 1121 the base 630

$ $ $ $
or
1.125 the base 630

The base 630 1.125
560
.
the base and per

It of
We have given the difference

6
(
)
required find
%
centage
to
630 and the rate 121

is
$
,
,
,
the base
.
STATE OF KANSAS 121
100 % of the base the base

121 % of the base the rate
871 % of the base the difference
But $ 630 the difference
Therefore 871 % of the base $630
Or .875 X the base $ 630
The base $ 630 = .875
$ 720.
7. A grain dealer bought 9,000 bushels of wheat at 85

cents a bushel. He sold a third of it at an advance of 33 }
per cent, a fourth of it at an advance of 25 per cent , and
.
the rest at 90 cents a bushel . How much did he gain ?
Solution
9,000 X $ .85 = $ 7,650 , the cost of the wheat .

of 9,000 bu . 3,000 bu .
331 % of $.85 or of $.85 $ .28 ] , gain on 1 bu .
$ .85 + $.28 $ 1.13 }, selling price per bu .
3,000 X $ 1.131 $ 3,400, selling price of 3,000 bu .
1 of 9,000 bu . 2,250 bu .
.85
bu
.211 gain on
of
25 % of $
or
.85
$ 1
1.061 selling price .

of
X+
.85 .211 bu
$
of .
2,390.62 selling price
bu
2,250 1.061 2,250
$
.
2,250 bu 5,250 bu
+
3,000 bu
,
. .
. .
bu
9,000 5,250 bu 3,750 bu

.
,
, of
3,750 .90 3,375 selling price 3,750 bu

+X
=
$ $
3,400 2,390.62 3,375 9,165.62 total receipts

+
=
$ $
, $
9,165.62 7,650 1,515.62 gain

$
.
by
34
freight car feet feet and the interior

it is
is
8.
is 7
A
If
feet high How many cubic feet does contain

it
?
.
filled with grain height of feet what the weight

to
is
a
the bushel allowing

11
the grain pounds

? 60
of
cubic
at
to
,
to
feet the bushel
Solution
.
X ft
cu
X ft
5 cu
of
1,904 volume
XX
34
XX
car
8
. 1
.
.
60 lbs 60 lbs
X
34 34
X
8
6,280 lbs
.
11
5
weight the grain

of
principal and interest

on
Find
of
9.
the amount 675.90

$
from June February per cent

41
to
at
6
1,
.
Solution .
From June 6 to February 1 is 240 days .
Interest on $ 1 at 6 % for 240 days $.04 .
Interest on $ 675.90 at 6 % for 240 days 675.90 x
$ .04 = $27.036
To find the interest at 41 % , deduct * from interest at 6 % .
1 of 27.036 = $ 6.759 .
$ 27.036 $6.759 $20.28 , int . at 41 % .
$675.90 + $20.28 $ 696.18 , amount.
10. A telegraph pole is set perpendicular to the ground,

and a wire is fastened to it 18 feet from the ground , and
then to a stake 13 feet 6 inches from the foot of the pole ,
so as to hold it in place . How long is the wire ?
Solution . We have given the base , 131 feet , and the alti
tude , 18 feet , of a right triangle . It
is required to find the
hypotenuse.
H= V B2 + A2
H V ( 131 ) 2 + 182 = V1821 + 324 = V 5061
/ 2025 45
= V 221 .
4 2
The wire is 221 feet long .
ALGEBRA .
1. State a rule for writing out the square of a binomial ,

including the law of the signs. Illustrate by expanding
(a X b ) 2 and ( a − b ) 2.
Ans. — The square of the sum of two quantities is equal to
the sum of their squares plus twice their product ..
( a + b ) 2 = a2 + 12 + 2ab .
The square of the difference of two quantities . is equal to
1
the sum of their squares minus twice their product .
( a - b ) 2 = 22 + 62— 2ab .
2. Explain the elimination of an unknown quantity by

substitution in the solution of simultaneous equations .
Ans. - Suppose we have two equations in x and y .
STATE OF KANSAS 123
Solve one of the equations for æ in terms of y and sub

stitute this value of w for x in the other equation . Solve
the resulting equation for y . To find x , substitute value of
y for y in equation which gives a in terms of y .
3.
( 1) [ ( a
( 2) m ---
Simplify
+
the following :
b ) — (c + d ) ]
n - ( - 3n-
+ [ (e
( m
- f) -9
- 6n ) ] }.
+ h) ] .
te - f
Solution
( 1) [ (a + b)
= a + b od
( c + d) ] + [ ( e )
- f - 9 - h.
-9 + h ) ]
(2) m- { -3n
[
3n
— (4m — 6n ) ] }
m +n 4m + 6n .
4. Perform the operations indicated :

( 1 ) Multiply 3a2 — 4ab + 5b2 by 202 -3ab + 262 .
.-
( 2 ) Divide 21ax — 35ay + 363 — 5by by 32 — 5y .
Solution
( 1) ( 3a2 4ab + 562 ) ( 2a2 . 3ab + 262 ) = 694
17a3b + 28a2b2 — 23ab3 + 1064 .
(2) ( 21ax — 35ay + 3bx — 5by ) ( 3x • 5y )
7a + b.
5. Factor the following :

( 1 ) ( a2 — bc ) 2 – ( a
(2) a4x4 - 19a2.2 - 92 .
- d ) 2.
.
( 3 ) 6x2 773 + 92 .
Solution
( 1) ( a2- bc ) 2
– ( a-
d ) 2 = ( a2 —
bc- atd
bcta - d)
( a2 — )
( 2 ) a4x4 . 19a2x2 — 92 = ( a2x2 + 4 ) ( a2x2
– -23 )
2.0
( 3) 6x2 — 773 + 92 = ( 3.
23
4) (
—
)
.
+
2
a

=
6.
1
a
btc
.
:
a
Solution.
20
+
a
Btc
a
Multiply by
+
a
1
c
(
)
a2)
in CX
bx —
ac
=
+
ax ab
1
-ala
(
)
-
-
C
b
bya
b
(
a -
0
)
b -
Divide
3
)
(
Verification :
-
Substitute value of u in ( 1 )
a a a
= 1
b to a
Ot-a = 1
I = 1.
x3 - 843 —Y
Х
22 y2 22 + 2xy + y2
Solution
33 ty —
-
8y3 a 33 873
Х
202
y2
y2 2xy
+
+
+
22
y
--
a
2
(
)
t
)
(
Solve the following equations
8.
:
+
36
2
+
atb
(1
.
)
b
-
201
+
+
200
3
x
.
3
+
2
(
)
10 4x
2
Solution
-
+
36
2
a
+
to
(1
)
a
a
by
Multiply
+
+b
b
a
1
)
-
(
+ )
(
b2362
)
@
ax
a2
+
ax bx av 3ab
-
-
3a2 332
in
2
(
)
2ax 402 2ab

3
)
(
:
Divide by 2a
32a
3
(
)
)4
(
2.0
.1
+
2x
+
3
x
3
+
2
1
(
(
)
)
10 4x
+
5
2
STATE OF KANSAS 125
Multiply ( 1 ) by 10 ( 2x
4.02 + 83 +3 + 10x -5
+ ) 1
= 4x2 + 14.0 + 6 (2)

43 = 8 (3 )
Divide ( 3 ) by 4
X = 2

Şa ( a + c) + b(y - c) = a2-82
.
ly - =: 2c .
-
Solution
a (a + c ) + b ( y - c) = 42-62 ( 1)
Y * = 2c (2)
Multiply out in ( 1 )
ax + ac + by — bc = 22-32 ( 3)
Transpose terms in ( 3 )
as + by = 22 -62 - act ba
Solve ( 2 ) for y in terms of a
(5)
Y = 2 + 2c
Substitute value of y in ( 4 )
as + b3 + 2bc a2 - 32 ac + bo (6)
1
Transpose and collect terms in ( 6)
( a + b ) a = 22 - 62 - ao -bo ( 7)
Divide ( 7 ) by ( a + b )
X = a - b - C ( 8 ).
- - ct
1
Substitute value of x in ( 5 )
y= a b 20 (9)
Collect terms in ( 9 )
y = a - b + c ( 10 )
.– Substitute values of x and y in ( 1 )
-
Verification
a (a - - c + c) + b ( a − b toc =42 32
- 32
aſa b ) + ( a - 6) = 22 .
a2 - ab + ab 72 a2 32
- bto -
a2 62 a2 -62
Substitute values of x and y in ( 2 )
a a + b + c = 2c
2c = 2c .
12:3 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
10.
If
if be
of
number soldiers formed solid square
in
a
,
a
fail
get places but
24
to
men another solid square be
;
places
29
on
formed with one more man side there are
,
a
,
of
unfilled Find the number soldiers
.
.
Solution.
=
first form
of
of
Let
in
No. one side square
in
men
u
ation
.
=
of
Then x2 No.
the square
in
men
-
entire number of men
x x2
++
And 24
.
of
of
Also No. square by 80C
in
men one side
1
(
)
ond formation
of
And No. second square
++
in
men
a a
1 1
2
( (
) )
2-29
of
=
And entire number men
.
Therefore we have the equation
,
22
24
29
=
+
1
)
+
(
x
1
2
)
(
Expanding the right member
of
+ in
1
)
(
1-29
2
24
20
=
+
x2
2
(
)
in
(2
)
= -52
23
-
3
(
)
Divide by -2
23
(
)
= 26
4
(
)
26
of
Therefore there are one side the first square
in
men
26
26
and the square The entire number

. in
or
676 men
is X
.
24
of
or
+
men 676 700
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

.
of
Tell how you would develop the nominative forms
1.
the personal pronoun for primary class

a
Ans Have pupils give orally sentences which

in
.-
a
(
)
these forms are used have pupils write original sen

; (b
;
(c )
on
tences using these forms place sentences the black

)
board and have pupils select the nominative forms

;
(a
)
place sentences with blanks the blackboard and let pupils

on
pupils correct errors made

let
supply the proper form

e
in ;
)
(
by their schoolmates
of
the use pronouns

.
Why should paragraph composition promi

be
2.
made
a
at
language
of
nent feature the work Give least four

in
reasons
.
.-
composition into paragraphs

of
Ans division
A
a
; it a
(
)
pleasing to the eye

, of
as its
renders the relation

is
b
;
(
)
parts more readily intelligible much drill

is
needed
c
(
)
constructing paragraphs not acquired without

of
the art
is
STATE OF KANSAS 127
labor and patience ; ( d ) the qualities of unity , continuity ,

and variety , which are the prime essentials of a paragraph ,
should
3. How can instruction informat grammar be made prac
tical to the pupil ?
Ans . ( a ) Correcting the errors of his own written work ;
( b ) reporting and correcting errors in the speech of other
pupils ; ( c ) studying writings of standard authors as to
their construction ; ( d) repeatedly showing the pupil that
the clearest and most expressive language conforms to the
rules of formal grammar .
4. Discuss fully your method of correcting composition
work .
5. Write and illustrate five rules for forming the plural
of nouns .
Ans .- ( a) Most nouns are made plural by adding s to the
singular , as boy , boys . ( b ) Letters , figures , signs , etc. , are
made plural by adding 's , as 9 , 9's . ( C) When the singular
ends in y preceded by a consonant , y becomes ie in the plural ,
as lady , ladies . ( d ) Nouns ending in f or fe form the
plural in ves , as beef , beeves . ( e ) Some nouns retain their
foreign plurals , as radius , radii .
6. Give the construction of the italicized words and class
ify the clauses in the following sentences : ( a ) He tells
what he knows . ( 6 ) The fur which warms à monarch
warmed a bear .
Ans . —What is a conjunctive pronoun used as the object
of the transitive verb knows and joins the noun clause , what
he knows, to the transitive verb , tells . Which is a relative
pronoun used as the subject of the finite verb warms and
joins the adjective clause which warms a monarch to the
noun fur .
7. Fill the blanks in the following sentences , with the
proper pronouns and give the reason for your choice : ( a )
Mary and John ran to meet father . ( b ) Each leaf and
each flower can speak Maker's praise . ( c ) No friend
and no acquaintance gave me aid . ( a ) Neither of the
ships lowered colors . ( e) The secretary and treasurer
has resigned office .
Ans.- ( a) Mary and John ran to meet their father .
Antecedent of the pronoun is plural . ( b) Each leaf and
each flower can speak its Maker's praise . Antecedent of
the pronoun is singular . ( c ) No friend and no acquaintance
gave me his aid . Antecedent of the pronoun is singular ,
( d ) Neither of the ships lowered its colors . Antecedent of
the pronoun is singular . ( e ) The secretary and treasurer
his
has resigned the pronoun siu
of
Antecedent
is
office
.
gular
8. Define
.
gerund
in
and illustrate the difference the use
of
the participle and the gerund
is .
Ans The infinitive -ing
as.--
gerund
is
in
called the and
used verbal noun having similar uses and modifiers
,
as
Driving pleasant Driving
is
is
noun horses task
a
a
a
A.
in .
gerund
. man driving horses was seen the distance
.
Driving participle
is
a
.
-Name and illustrate five uses
of
the objective case
9.
.
Ans the objective case when used as
of ( in
noun
is
A
1
(
)
.
-
the object the indirect object

of
of
as
verb verb
a 2
;
ofto ;
a
a
)
the object preposition adverbially
as
,
3
4
;
(
)
) (
)
modify verb adjective the subject
or
4. as
adverb
a
. 2. 5
;
(
an
an infinitive He gave the hour
1.
Waste not hour

.
.
thought early hour He waited an
no
an
at
3.
Come
.
hour Hear the hour strike

5.
..
in .
10. Classify the phrases the following sentence
it It
is is
:
live after the world's opinion
to
easy the world

in in
:
easy solitude live after one's own but the great man
to
;
in
he
is
the crowd keeps with perfect

of
who the midst

sweetness the independence
of
solitude
live infini
.
Ans prepositional phrase
to
In
the world
,
,
;
.-
tive phrase after the world's opinion prepositional phrase

,
; ;
;
šolitude prepositional phrase live infinitive phrase

in
to
,
,
;
with perfect
of
in
after one's own the midst the crowd

,
,
of ,
sweetness and solitude are prepositional phrases

,
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
in ? of
From what source the revenue derived for

1.
is
most
country schools
of
the maintenance
Ans From the school district Kansas
.
Define extradition interstate citizenship and the in

2.
come tax
.
Surrender of
an
Ans alleged criminal from one

a
(
)
to .
be
of
state another The citizens each state shall

b
"
.
(
)
all privileges and immunities

of
entitled citizens
in
to
the
of
several states Constitution the United States

—
c
.”
)
(
.
tax upon incomes

A
What majority required bill the legis

to
pass
in
3.
is
lature Kansas In Congress

.-
be( of
majority
of
63
Ans all the members hence

A
a
,
)
21
would required the House As

in
in
the Senate
b
;
(
)
a .
majority each house can transact business majority

in
ofa
the majority can pass bill

a
of
When and where was the Constitution the United

4.
States made
?
STATE OF KANSAS 129
Ans. - In Philadelphia , May - September , 1787 .

5. What can the state do in the enacting of laws relating
to public health ? Give two examples .
Ans . — It can make laws protecting the people from many
things which endanger the public health . Examples : For .
bidding spitting in public places ; forbidding the use of
common drinking cups on trains .
6. What is meant by the long and short session of Con .
gress ?
Ans . - The session following the election of members of
Congress can last only until the fourth day of the following
March , at which time re -elected and new members take their
seats . This is the short term . The term beginning when
the short session terminates is called the long term .
7. What are the duties and powers of the Interstate
Commerce Commission ?
Ans . — It has the power to try all cases in which individ .
uals or state may have charges against railroads for exces
sive rates , discrimination , etc.
8. What was the early colonists ' idea of government ?
Ans . — They were opposed to a strong central government ,
and were jealous of any interference with their local gov
ernments .
9 . What is the purpose , and importance , of debate in
Congress ?
Ans . — The purpose is to debate every measure thoroughly
so that there can be no hasty action . Often the privilege is
abused , and debate is used in an unreasonable way for the
purpose of preventing the passage of bills .
10. In what cases does the Vice - President of the United
States have a vote in the senate ?
Ans . In the case of a tie .
MODERN HISTORY .
1. What is the laboratory method in the study of history ?
Ans. Studying history as one studies physics or chem .
istry .
2. What is the chief difference between the constitution
of the United States and that of Great Britian ?
Ans . — The constitution of the United States is all in one
written document ; that of Great Britain is in a series of
precedents , acts of Parliament , bills of rights , etc. , extend
ing back to the beginning of the government.
.
3. Explain The Hundred Days , Peterloo Massacre , Sepoy
Mutiny , Corn Laws .
Ans ( a ) The time from March 20 to June 29 , 1815
from Napoleon's escape from Elba to his downfall . ( b)
A body of operatives met in Manchester , England in 1819

to consider Parliamentary reform . The meeting was dis
persed by order of the Magistrates . Eleven persons were
killed and 500 wounded . ( c ) Revolt against the British
government in India by some of the native troops. d)
Protective laws which kept the price of grain up in Britain .
(
4. Give three proofs of the progress of toleration in
religious matters in Great Britain .
Ans . - Allowing Catholics to hold office , allowing Jews to
hold office , disestablishment of the Irish Episcopal church .
5. Can you give any proofs that the tendency to go to
war is weakening ?
Ans . — The proofs could have been given with more cer
tainty when this question was written , but the outbreak of
a continental war in Europe since that time causes hesi
tancy in answering . Nevertheless, it can be said that the
condemnation of war and the opposition to war are grow
ing greater every year .
6. Give briefly the difference between the cabinet system
-
in the United States and Great Britain .
Ans . The number is greater in the British government.
In Britain , the members of the cabinet must have seats
in Parliament , and each member is expected to advocate
and to defend whatever is for the good of his department ;
in the United States , members of the cabinet are not mem
bers of Congress .
7. Name five great works of fiction in which can be
found important history .
Ans.-- Les Miserables ” ; “ History of a Conscript ' ).
Erckman - Chatrian ; “ Waverley ” ; “ Last Days of Pompeii ;
“ Don Quixote . ' '
8. Explain “ Boycotting , ” “ Divine Right , ' “ Boxer !!
troubles .
Ans.- ( a ) The term originated in Ireland . Captain
Boycott , an Englishman , made himself obnoxious as factor
on an estate , and the people refused to serve him or have
any dealings with him . (b ) A claim of certain monarchs
in Europe that they are ruling by Divine Right . ( c ) The
name of an organization in China about , and after 1900 ,
all
the purpose of which was to expel foreigners

.
UNITED STATES HISTORY

.
1._Discuss briefly the new problems which confronted

the United States after the annexation the Phillipines
of
The natives many

be
re
to
, of
Ans them hostile had

—
,
,
.
the new government the children had

be
conciled edu
to
to
convinced that the govern

be
and the people had

to
cated
;
STATE OF KANSAS 131
ment now established was juster than any they had ever
known .
2. Why do you consider the study of history valuables
Mention at least five points .
To
new knowledge study institu
.--
to
Ans acquire
;
to
study great leaders learn leg
to
tions and governments
;
past
of
sons from the errors develop the memory
to
the
,
imagination judgment
,
.
Name one important fact about each
of
3.
the follow
ing named persons James Otis Abraham Lincoln John
P. ,
,
-
Marshall John Hay Alexander Hamilton Salmon Chase

,
,
, ,
Eli Whitney the Wright brothers George Rogers Clark
,
,
Frances Willard
.-
.
of
Ans One the American Revolu
in
the leaders
a
(
)
.
Argued against Writs When
heof
tion Assistance
(b
)
.
.
President of the United States issued the Emancipation
Proclamation To Paris with Gen. Pinckney and
C.
to c
.
(
)
Elbridge Gerry ask the Directory remove restrictions

Afterwards Chief Justice Supreme to
on
American commerce
. .
When Secretary
he
of
Court United States
of
State
d
,
(
)
settled_the Samoan dispute and the United States was

given Tutuila Laid the foundation our national of of
e
.
(
)
financial system As Chief Justice the Supreme

)
.
(f
presided over the impeachment

of
he
Court trial Andrew

,
Johnson Invented the cotton gin Noted aero

9
h
.
-
(
)
(
)
of .
He captured
of
nauts the United States number
a
i(
)
.
French villages
ofas
what was then known the Illinois

A in
(j ,
Country temperance leader international

.”
fame
.
Discuss the Emancipation Proclamation

4.
as .
by
Ans was issued President Lincoln war meas

It
a
on .
-
It
decreed the emancipation

22
September
of
ure 1862.
,
January
all
of
on
the slaves
inin
1863 the slaves the states

1,
parts of states which should until then

be
rebellion
or
against the Union

.
5.
Name five prominent explorers

of
America and the

of
work each
.
Ans.- Capt Robert Gray explored what vow Oregon

is
.
. .
Zebulon Montgomery Pike part

of
the Louisiana Purchase

,
Stephen Harriman Long surveyed the Mississippi River and

its
branches and led the expedition from the Mississippi

to
La
the Rocky Mountains Salle explored the regions ad

.
·
jacent
to
the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes also the

,
upper Mississippi Valley Meriwether Lewis Lewis

&
(
.
Clark explored the headwaters

of
the Missouri River

)
Make six prominent American authors and

of
list
6.
name one work of each

.
Ans. -
George Bancroft - History of the United States.
John Lothrop Motley — History of the Rise of the Dutch
Republic . William Hickling Prescott History of the Con
quest of Mexico. Edgar Allen Poe — The Fall of the House
-
of Usher . Washington Irving - Conquest of Granada .
Richard Henry Dana — Two Years Before the Mast .
7. Discuss the Washington Treaty .
Ans . - A treaty between Great Britain and the United
States in 1871 for the settlement of the Alabama Claims ;
for an adjustment of fishery disputes , the arbitration of the
northwest boundary controversy ; and an agreement in re
lation to neutrality laws .
8. Give the provisions of the fifteenth , thirteenth , and
seventeenth amendments .
Ans . (a ) “ The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account of race , color , or previous
condition of servitude . ( b ) “ Neither slavery nor in
voluntary servitude , except as a punishment for crime where .
of the party shall have been duly ,
convicted shall exist
within the United States , or any place subject to their
jurisdiction . ' ( c ) It provides for the direct election of
United States Senators and went into effect in 1913 .
Outline the chief events in the life of Theodore
-
9.
Roosevelt .
Ans . Twenty - sixth President of the United States .
Born in New York City ; educated at Harvard ; member
New York Assembly ; member United States Civil Service
Commission ; president Police Board New York City ;.
Colonel of Rough Riders in Spanish war ; Governor of New
York ; Vice -President of the United States ; President
United States .
10.
Discuss Presidential succession Electoral

a
b
:
(
)
(
)
.
Commission
a .
Ans .-- dis

or
- of
Provides that the death

in
the case
of (
)
ability both the President and Vice President the fol

acting presi
be
lowing named members

of
the Cabinet shall

of
in-
the following order Secretary

of
dent State the

,
:
Treasury War Attorney General Secretary the Navy

of
of
,
, ,
,
of ,
,
Postmaster General Secretary the Interior Secretary

of
,
Agriculture Commission created 1887 providing

in
(b
a
)
.
method for counting the electoral vote for President and

Vice President
-
HISTORY OF KANSAS
.
the Louisiana purchase

of
Give least two results

at
1.
Ans The national domain was greatly extended and the

.--
STATE OF KANSAS 133
control of the Mississippi River was assured .

2. What privileges had a territorial delegate in Congress ?
Ans. Though the delegate had no vote , he was allowed to
discuss bills and had a seat on the floor .
and
the
3. What was difference between Quantrill's raid
the Price raid ?
Ans The Quantrill raid was for massacre and plunder
—
;
.
the Price raid was within the rules which usually are fol
.
lowed
in
war
.
Name two Kansas railroads that received land grants

4.
of
from the government the United States
.
Fe
Ans Atchison Topeka Santa and Union Pacific
&
,
,
.
-
. .
Why did Kansas change from annual biennial ses
to
5.
the legislature
. of
sions
?
Ans Because general feeling that there was too

of
—
much legislation and make elections less frequent

to
.
Give briefly information concerning juvenile courts
6.
in ,
of
child labor law reduction railroad fare normal courses

,
,
-
high schools
.-
) .
Ans The probate judge granted the power try
to
is
a
(
criminal children The law which prohibits the employ

b
(
)
.
in
of
ment children under fourteen and some cases under

sixteen years age railroad fare
of
of
The reduction
c
(
)
.
by
law from three law establishing

to
two cents
A
in d
(
)
.
training high
of
courses for the teachers schools

.
of
What and where are Haskell Institute The School
7.
Mines National Soldiers Home

?
?
b '
.
Ans Lawrence Weir Leavenworth

a
c
(
)
(
)
(
)
és3
.
What was the attitude Congress toward Kansas

of
8.
territorial days
?
Ans Uniformly hostile

.
-
Why did Napoleon sell Louisiana the United States

to
9.
Ans Because could not have been easily defended and

it
,
.
and probably
he
because needed the money

to
embarrass
,
Great Britain
.
governors sympathize
of
10. Did any the territorial with

If
H.so
the free state people name them

?
,
-
Ans Yes
—
Andrew Reeder Wilson Shannon John

.
W. Geary Robert
J.
Walker
,
GEOGRAPHY
.
How would you teach about clouds hail frost snow

1.
?
,
Ans All these can be studied from the schoolroom win

-
:
.
dows and door the clouds always the rest winter As

in
to ;
;
,
the children study the formation of frost hail and sncy

,
crystals wherever found Use the microscope Also show

.
.
illustrations , with colored crayons, on blackboards . Show

how vapor becomes rain .
2. Name five states of the Union in which the coast lines :
are favorable to commercial development .
Ans Maine Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania
.--
,
Washington
.
cli
as
to
3. Compare Delaware and Rhode Island area
,
mate and leading products
,
.
Ans Delaware Area square
90
of — 2,050 square miles
;
:
.
of
miles that water surface Generally the surface
in
,
.
Delaware level and does not
is average more than 50 feet
.
above sea level The highest point Climate
is
280 feet
,
.
.
Plenty rainfall Products Agriculture
of
temperate
is
.
.
:
.
the chief industry and wheat leading crop Fruit
is
a
, ,
,
.
stock and garden crops are prominent Rhode Island Area
:
.
of
1,250 square miles 197 square miles that water sur
is
;
face Climate mild Rhode Island largely manufac
is
a
,
.
.
turing state and ranks second cotton and woolen manu
in
it
,
facturing
in
Name countries which raw rubber cocoa bean and

4.
,
berry are found
ee
coff
.
Ans Brazil Ecuador Trinidad Venezuela
, ,
c a
, ,
( (
) )
(
)
. .
, .
Brazil Brazil Java West Indies Ceylon Venezuela

,
,
If
India Sumatra Calebes
,
,
the Alps were removed
be
on
what would
-
5.
the effect
,
the climate Northern Italy

of
Ans As the mountain barriers which now shut out the

.
cold winds from the north the climate would become colder
,
.
What conditions have made Argentina great beef
6.
producing country
?
Ans has vast plains

It
of
nutritious grasses
.
.
of
Give the form government Greece Austria Swit

in
7.
gerland Spain Portugal

,
.
.
Ans Limited monarchy Limited monarchy

6
a
(
)
(
)
.
.
Republic Limited monarchy Republic

d
c
e
(
8. )
(
)
.
.
(
)
Account for the fogs near Newfoundland

.
Ans Heavy saturated vapors different temperature

of
.—
mingle to produce the fogs

.
9.
Name some advantages Kansas has over other states

.
Ans all nearly all fertile

It
or
situated the
in
is
is
it
;
.
middle the United States conveniently situated

of
regard
in
,
health giving and many varieties

ofto
markets its climate

is
;
,
-
be
crops can raised

.
10. What
of
is
the value map drawing

?
-
.--
of
Ans Through the eye the forms states and countries

, ,
the situation
of
cities the trend

of
rivers and mountains

,
by
are more accurately grasped the mind

.
STATE OF KANSAS 135

1. What physical conditions of the earth helped to de
termine the location of Kansas City ?
Ans . — A navigable river , the Missouri. The confluence
of the Kansas River, and the Missouri River . A fertile
agricultural country to the west , whose natural outiet
was along the Kansas River . This led to the establish
ment of railways centering in Kansas City .
2. What is meant by weathering ?
Ans. - Weathering is the disintegration and decay of
rocks under the influence of the weather . The chief forces
that cause weathering are wind , frost , and water .
3. Give the life history of a plain .
Ans .— In the first place we may think of the plain as the
bottom of the sea , these accumulating in successive layers
deposits of sand and mud along with the remains of the
animal life of the sea . Then there comes a great upheaval,
extending over vast areas which lifts the area above the
surface and which may not greatly disturb the strata . А
third period is noted in the action of the winds and run .
ning water , modifying the surface greatly by wearing down
the higher portions and filling up the lower parts, and
tending in the end to reduce the plain to the level of the
sea .
4. Give some of the important uses of a mountain .
Ans . — The following uses of mountains may be noted :
1. Source of precious metals . These are commonly more
accessible in mountainous regions than on the plains . 2.
Source of streams which are fed by the abundant snows
in the higher altitudes . 3. Modification of climate . 4.
Protection of one people or nation from another, since they
are barriers which are not easily crossed . 5. Recreation
and beautiful scenery .
5. Define lateral , medial and terminal moraines .
Ans . — The heaps of stone , earth , and gravel lying on
the surface of a glacier are known by the name of moraines.
When on the side of the glacier they are termed lateral
moraines ; on the center , they are called medial ; at the
end , where the glacier melts and deposits
its
load they are

,
as
spoken
of
terminal
.
What are the causes

of
6.
tides
?
—
Ans The moon's attraction

of
to
the earth and less

a
,
,
, .
degree the sun's attraction also are the causes

of
tides
,
Distinguish between radiation conduction and con

7.
vection
.
Ans objects freely

of
The transmission heat between

-
.
exposed to each other is known as radiation . The trans

mission of heat through a body is called conduction . The
heat carried by currents in the atmosphere or by currents
in the sea is said to be diffused by convection .
8. What is meant by “ highs ” and “ lows " on the
-
weather map ?
Ans . A high " is a region where the air pressure is
heavy and the barometric reading is high . A " low " is a
iegion where the air pressure is light and where the baro
metric reading is low . They indicate regions of unequal
pressure , and the movement of the winds is from a “ high '
toward a " low . "
9. Distinguish between arctic , temperate and tropical
plant life ?
Ans. — Tropical regions nourish a rank and luxuriant
vegetation , including palms , bananas , and tall tree grasses .
In the forests of the temperate zone are found such trees as
the oak , ash , elm , sycamore , beech , poplar , birch , hazel,
and pine . The vegetation is much less luxuriant and less
brilliant in coloring than in the hotter parts of the earth .
Within the arctic region plant life is much less abundant .
As we advance trees disappear, though the stunted forms
of some varieties extend far into the north . Beyond these
the scanty vegetation consists of mosses and licliens and
a very few more flowering plants . In the Polar regions
we have the zero of plant life .
,
10. Name the different kinds of clouds .
Ans .-- Cirrus , cumulus nimbus , stratus .
ANCIENT HISTORY .
1, Discuss main features of the oldest civilization in
Greece , the Mycenaean civilization .
Ans .- Excavations have brought to light many works of
art in the form of gold and silver ornaments , vases , swords .
Ruins of palaces , reliefs and other evidences of a high civ .
ilization are numerous . The name is derived from Mycenæ ,
an ancient city situated on the Argolic Plain commanding
the passes toward Corinth .
2 . Describe Greek colonization in the various parts of
the Mediterranean region .
Ans. - Syracuse , Tarentum , Massalia , Corcyra , Cyrene ,
were some of the colonies .
3. Describe the literary and artistic activity in Athens
during the fifth century , B. C.
Ans. This was the age of Pericles , Herodotus , Euripides ,
Aristophanes . The Parthenon was built . The Elgin mar
STATE OF KANSAS 137
bles , fragments of Parthenon sculpture , show what was

doing in art . It was a great century in literature and art .
4. Explain causes , main events and results of the Pelo
ponnesian War .
Ans . - Causes : Rapid rise of Athens created jealousy in
Sparta and Corinth , and war came 431 B. C. The Spartans ,
after years of war , defeated Athens . In 405 B. C. the
its
Spartans captured Athens ' last fleet . Athens gave up
and pledged itself the ally Sparta
of
be
claim empire
to
to
,
peace and war

in
Discuss the government the early Roman republic
in
5.
.
Ans The republic followed the expulsion of the kings
B. .—
and the patricians took control The plebeians

C.
510
,
.
rebelled and were finally granted the govern
in
share
,
a
The plebeians dictators known
of
ment also had board
a
.
as
Decemvirs appointed and determined that the laws

,
be
be
on
to
as
should written stone tables known the Laws
,
“
of the Twelve Tables Later plebeians were given the
”
.
right marry into patrician families and they continued

to
,
to increase power until the end the republic
of
in
by.
What were the reforms attempted Tiberius
in
6.
Rome
and Gaius Gracchus
?
Ans Caius had law enacted giving the poor corn
at
a
-
.
half the market price Tiberius brought about distribu

a
,
so
tion the public lands that landless men were given

in of
perpetuity right
to
land but without the sell

.
in
Describe the main events the three wars between

7.
Rome and Carthage

.
The first Punic War

B.
B.
Ans 264 terminated
in
C.
—
,
,
.
up
The Carthaginians gave Sicily and paid large

C.
241.
,
C. 221. At
, to
money
of
B.
sum Rome Second Punic War

,
.
in
first Hannibal the Carthaginian leader was victorious

,
,
many battles Spain Gaul and Italy but was finally

he
in
by,
defeated Africa Publius Cornelius Scipio great

in
A
.
money was exacted by the Romans and the Carth

of
sum
,
aginians were limited their African territories The

to
Carthage
B.
of
third war the reduction

C.
149 resulted
in
,
,
to
Roman province
a
Discuss the principal contributions

of
Rome
to
8.
modern
civilization
.
Ans Rome contributed the world literary masterpieces

to
-
.
prose and poetry many laws good roads art

in
in
the
;
;
;
architecture and sculpture and language which

of
form
;
forms the basis Italian Spanish Portuguese and French

of
,
,
,
an
and which important element English

in
is
.
BOOKKEEPING .
1-4 . Journalize :
October 1. You begin business , investing cash , $ 1,000 ;
merchandise , $ 2,000 ; note of 0. C. Cole , $ 500 ; note of B. D.
Price , $ 700 . You owe J. Smith on account , $ 500 , and have
a note outstanding for $ 400, payable to E. C. Judd . Octo
.ber 2. Buy a store building and lot, giving note , $ 3,000 .
October 3. Buy merchandise of E. B. Polk $, 1,000. Give
in payment cash , $400 ; note , $400 ; balance on account .
October 5. Sell merchandise to C. 0. Ames , $ 900 , receiving
in payment cash , $ 600 ; balance on account . October 6. Pay
your note to E. C. Judd , less discount ; face of note , $400 ;
discount , $ 10 . October 8. Settle your account with J. Smith
by selling him merchandise $300 , and paying cash , $ 200 .
October 9. Buy merchandise of E. B. Sykes, $ 1,000 ; terms,
12.
3 per cent discount if paid in ten days. October Sell
King terms
B.
per cent discount

to
. S.
if
merchandise
6
;
0. ,
paid Cole pays his note
in
ten days
C.
October 12.
10
15
October
of
with interest face note 500 interest

$ $
$
;
;
,
.
Pay freight bills October 18. Pay
20
., in
in
cash cash
3 ,
.
per cent
, D.
B.
of
invoice 9th inst less October 20.

Price pays note and interest face note 700 of .
interest
;
;
,
King pays invoice
12
B.
of
S.
October 22. 12th inst

$
.,
.
less per cent

6
OCTOBER
1
.
Cash 1000 00
Mdse 2000 00
.
Bills Rec 1200 00

.
To Student 4200 00
Student 900 00
To Bills Pay 900 00
.
OCT
2
.
.
Real Estate 3000 00

.
3
Mdse 1000 00
.
To Cash 400 00
To Bills Pay 400 00
.
To E. B. Polk 200 00
5
Cash 600 00
O.
Ames
C.
300 00
STATE OF KANSAS 139
To Mdse . 900 00
6
Bills Pay . 400 00
To Cash 390 00
To Disc . 10 00
8
J. Smith 500 00
To Cash 200 00
To Mdse . 300 00
9
Mdse . 1000 00
To E. B. Sykes 1000 00
12
S. B. King 000 00 :
To Mdse . 000 00
12
Cash 510 00
To Bills Rec . 500 00
To Int . 10 00
15
Expense 20 00
To Cash 20 00
18
E. B. Sykes 1000 00
To Disc . 30 00
To Cash 970 00
20
Cash 712 00
To Int . 12 00
To Bills Rec . 700 - 00
22
Cash 000 00
Disc . 000 00
To S. B. King 000 00
5-8 . Make business and financial statements and proof of

statement, using the following ledger footings :
Accounts . Dr. Cr .
Proprietor . .$ 150 $ 3,000
Merchandise . 3,000 2,000
Expense . 100
Interest . 100 150
Real Estate 4,000 3,000
Cash . 9,000 8,000
Bills Receivable . 5,000 1,000
J. Jones . 1,000 500
Bills Payable . 500 4,000
D. Brown . 300 1,500
INVENTORIES .
Merchandise . $ 800
Real Estate 1,400
Expense . 40
BUSINESS STATEMENT.
Total resources . . $ 7,740
Total liabilities 4,700
Present worth $ 3,040
Total gains $ 450

Total losses . 260
Net gain . $ 190
Proprietor's net credit . . $ 2,850

Proprietor's net gain .... 190
Proprietor's present worth ...... $3,040

Cash balance . $ 1,000
9-10 . Explain use of cash book , sales book , invoice book ,

and journal , and give method of posting from each .
Ans . — The cash book shortens the work by doing away
all
with the journal in The left side

of
cash transactions
.
the cash book debits the cash received and credits persons
and things The credit side shows the cash paid out and
.
debits persons and things The sales book also shortens the
.
work and shows the sales condensed form The invoice

in
a
.
all
goods The journal

of
of
bills the
in is
is
book record
a
book which the debits and credits are prepared for posting
the ledger posting the footings
of
In
to
the cash and sales

.
rooks only are posted and the separate items are posted
singly their respective accounts
to
.
STATE OF KATIAS 141
PHYSICS .
1. How is the density determined of a substance that will
float in water ?
Ans . — Weigh the substance in air . Attach a sinker to
the substance . Weigh the sinker in water . Attach the
sinker to the substance and weigh both in water . The den
sity equals Weight of Solid in Air W
or
Loss in Weight of Solid in Water ( W + S ) - W'
2. Explain the construction and the use of the barometer.
The
Ans . — essential parts are a cylindrical air -tight box
with an elastic corrugated cover . A partial vacuum is in
side the box . The cover is very sensitive to slight changes
of pressure . The motion of the top of the box is trans
mitted to a series of levers connected with a hand moving
over a dial . This form of barometer is known as the
Aneroid and is generally used by explorers , surveyors and
others .
3. What is the effect on the motion of a body if a force
-
acts constantly ; e. g . , the force of gravity on a falling body .
Ans . Its motion will continually increase
resistance , and the increase is uniform .
if it meets no
4. Define momentum , inertia , centrifugal force .
Ans . ( a) The quantity of motion . ( b ) The tendency of
matter to keep moving when in motion , and to remain at
)
rest when at rest . ( c It is one of the two forces in curvi
linear motion . The centripetal force pulls toward the cen
ter ; the centrifugal pulls perpendicularly to the other .
5. Give some illustration , other ihan the thermometer ,
which shows the expansion caused by heat .
Ans .— Iron tires for wheels are heated before they are
put on the wheels . The contraction caused by cooling keeps
the tires tightly on the wheels .
6. What are the causes of harmony and discord ?
Ans . — Harmony means the consonance of sounds in music
and discord the contrary .
7. How does the propagation of light compare with trans
mission of sound , ( a ) in velocity ; ( b ) in direction ; ( c ) in
(
intensity ; d) in the form of the vibrations ?
Ans . — Light travels as vibrations of the ether ; sound
travels as vibrations of a material medium . (a ) Light ,
about 186,000 miles a second ; sound , in air , at freezing
temperature , 1,090 feet a second ; the speed is greater in
water , wood and iron . ( b ) From every point of a luminous
body light is given off equally in all directions . ( c ) The
its
intensity of sound is
on
loudness and this depends the

amplitude of the vibration . The intensity of a light varies

inversely as the square of the distance from its source .
Illustration : Two miles from the luminous object the in
tensity is one -fourth as great as at one mile . ( d ) Form
of the vibrations : Sound travels as vibrations of some
material medium ; light travels only as vibrations of the
ether .
8. Explain the simple telephone .
Ans . It has two parts besides the connecting wires ; one
for sending the message ; another for receiving it. The
telephone receiver is a permanent steel magnet with a coil
of fine insulated copper wire about one end . Near the end
of the magnet a disc of thin sheet iron is placed so that
it vibrates freely . The sound waves of the voice entering
the opening just in front of the disc , the latter is made to
vibrate in unison with the sound waves striking it . A de
tailed description of the telephone would fill several pages.
See any text -book in physics.

1. Define cell , tissue , and gland . Name four classes of
food and an example of each .
Ans .-
( a ) “ The simplest structural
manifesting the phenomena of life. ”
forms capable of
( b ) “ An aggregate
of cells , with their intercellular substance , forming one of
the structural materials of a plant or animal . " (c ) A se
creting organ of the body . ( d ) Proteins , eggs ; fats , but
ter ; carbohydrates, potatoes ; ,
mineral matter milk .
2. What effect on the body has overeating ? Give three
Ans . a()
reasons why food should be cooked .
The digestive organs are overworked , and al }
parts of the body suffer . ( b ) It makes food more attractive
Ans .
and palatable ; it kills bacteria ; it makes it more digestible .
3. Define bacteria . What conditions favor their growth ?
( a ) In general they are harmful germs causing
typhoid fever , diphtheria , scarlet fever and other diseases .
( 5 ) Dust and dirt .
4. What will prevent decay of the teeth ?
Ans. A constant use of the tooth -brush , and the use of
disinfecting washes for the gums.
5. In what respect does diphtheria differ from tonsilitis ?
Suggest treatment for each .
Ans . ( a ) Diphtheria is a “ febrile infectious disease in
which the air passages , especially the throat , become coated
with a false membrane . ' ' Treatment : Injection of anti
toxin . Tonsilitis is an inflammation of the tonsils .
6. Describe the salivary glands , their location and use .
/
STATE OF KANSAS 143
Ans . There are three pairs, the parotid , the submaxil

lary and the sublingual . The first lies upon the side of
the face in front of the external ear ; the second , below the
jawbone ; the third , under the tongue . The use of the
glands is to convey secretions into the mouth . These , when
mixed with the mucus secreted by the mucus membrane ,
make the ordinary saliva .
7. Discuss structure and use of arteries and veins .
Ans . — Artery : A tube formed of three layers , calle ?
coats ; the external , elastic ; the middle , muscular, con
tractile and brittle ; the internal , brittle , smooth and trans
parent . Vein : Coat similar to that of the arteries , but
much thinner , transparent . Use : Arteries carry the blood
from the left side of the heart to the tissues ; the veins
conduct the venous blood from the capillaries back to the
heart .
8. What and where are the lymphatic glands , jugular
vein , and aorta ?
Ans . ( a) Small , solid , granular bodies ; in size from
that of a hemp seed to that of an almond . They are sit
uated in the course of the lymphatic vessels . ( b ) One sit
uated on each side of the neck in pairs . The external jug
ular vein is just underneath the skin ; the internal one is
deeper . ( c) It
rises from the left ventricle of the heart ,
The its
and sends branches through the whole body

.
the trachea and lungs

of
Discuss structure and use

9.
Ans — tube through which air breathing vertebratos .

-
.
receive air into the lungs the wind

by as
commonly known
, by
pipe Covered externally tough fibro elastic membrare

a
-
by
.
and internally mucus membrane lined columnar

,
ciliated epithelial cells Lungs Conical shape pink color

in
,
.
of:
spongy texture great number

of
Composed distinct
,
a
by
.
lobules connected together interlobular connective tissue

.
Lobules composed the bron

of
of
ultimate ramifications
chial tubes Inspiration and respiration
to
Uses and
.
,
. :
purify venous blood

10. Describe corrective exercises for round shoulders
a
(
)
the spine
of
of
and curvature What are the functions

b
(
)
.
the skeleton
.-
?
Ans Exercises standing erect and breathing pure

in
a
(
)
healthy and food must

be
be
air The arteries must nutri

.
.
tious The framework of hard structure which sup

b
(
)
.
ports and protects the soft tissues

of
animals
.
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING

.
the qualities which fit courtry

of
What are some

1
a
.
teacher for community leadership

?
, Ans
Good character scholarship organizing power gen
.—
,
iality
.
love for people
.
Discuss the proper lighting How
of
2.
school room
.
may the teacher overcome the effects badly arranged
of
windows
- ?
The light should come from the back
of
Ans the room
,
.
By well djusted shades
by.
-a
vitalizing
3.
What study
of
is
meant the course
?
Ans Putting life into Without this the course can
—
it
.
.
nothing but
be
machine
it a
.
Why desirable that pupils should
be
self active
4.
is
?
-
that they may grow
be
So
a to
Ans self reliant
.
.
Of what advantage
5.
is
to
to
teacher have sense
it
a
of
humor
?
- So
Ans that the monotony which often accompanies the

.
drudgery inevitable many studies may
be
broken occa
in
,
,
sionally by humorous remarks
to .
Which preferable learn the meanings
of
is
new
6
.
-
words from the dictionary
or
to
from their use relation
in
other words Why
?
Ans From their use Because words used connection
in
.
with other words thought are more

in
the expression
of
likely find permanent place the memory and intellect
in
Is to
If
a
.
clear thinking
of
formal exactness an exidence
, 7.
?
not how may each exist without the other Give an illus ?
tration from the study history
of
Ans.—No. purely mechanical

be
Formal exactness may

and that Disconnected and bare recitals
to
be avoided
is
facts lacking vitality are not likely inspire any stu

of
to
Irving's Washington
of
dent Illustrations the best
;
.
Macaulay's History
.
Why spelling easily forgotten

so
How may this

8
be is
.
difficulty overcome
?
Ans Spelling often natural gift To those lacking

is
a
.-
the gift the ability spell well must come through con
to
,
tinuous drill oral and written spelling

in
a .
scolding
on
of
What child who unable

9.
is
is
the effect
pupil who has failed
to
How would you treat

to
recite
a
?
prepare his lesson

?
—
suffering
he
or
Ans Bad the child

if
if
nervous
is
is
,
.
from any other bodily defect which may affect his reciting
.
be
He should talked privately sympathetic way

in
to
. a
Kindness goes far Let perseverance

of
this kind
in in
cases
put
be
and courage the child's heart Guidance over the

.
rough places should always

be
given
.
10.
and what the disadvantage

of
What the advantage

is
STATE OF KANSAS 145
leiting children have their own way instead of restraining

them ?
Ans . -In youth , children need the restraining influences
of intelligent authority so that later they may go out in
fit
law abiding citizens
be
to
the world Children allowed
.
have their own way home are likely
be
or
to
to
in
school
lawless life
in
AGRICULTURE
by
How does the burning
of
corn tassels drouth affect
1.
the yield Compare average yield per acre Kan

of
in
corn
?
sas with that Illinois and give the reasons for the differ
in
ence
.
Ans materially lessens the yield and
is
sometimes
It
.
-
burned enough destroy the entire crop In 1912 the

to
.
Kansas yield was twenty three bushels and the Illinois yield
-
was forty bushels The reasons for this are Climatic and
:
.
soil conditions are more favorable Illinois The state

in
.
lies within the area of glacial drift and has ample rainfall
so
well distributed These conditions are not favorable
in
.
Kansas
.
wheat yield heaviest

of
What varieties Kansas

in
2
.
?
What causes rust and smut Give treatment for each
?
.
Turkey Red and Khar
To
as
Ans
—
the state whole the

a
.
koff yield the best These belong the hard wheat variety
to
.
.
part
of
In
the eastern the state where more humid condi

,
tions prevail the soft wheat such as Zimmerman Fultz

,
,
be
Currell etc. seem Rust and smut are not

to
the best
,
fully understood They are caused by spores which

is
it
.
believed enter the plant germination and

is
at
encouraged
by hot moist weather There are two principal kinds
of
,
stinking smut and loose smut The one washed

is
smut
.
-
by
formaldehyde water the other seed selec

in
is
lessened
,
by
tion only selecting resistant

be
Rust can prevented

.
varieties
:
What properties
3.
do
to
Name three legumes they add

.
the soil Give two reasons why Kansas farmers should

?
practice diversified farming

.
Ans Clover peas and beans They add nitrogen and

.—
other plant food the soil The farmer should diversify

to
crops have leguminous plant life part of the

in
to
order
time enrich the soil and also have crops
to
to
to
harvest
,
and sell the year

at
various times
in
.
4.
silage crops
as
Discuss kafir cane and corn Name

,
pit and cement silos

of
advantages
.
Ans Corn the best for silage kafir next then

is
) a
,
.
b (
)
cane The pit silo was the first used and cheaper
is
.
.
'
The cement silo is more durable , saves the needless prepara

tion and keeps the silage indefinitely .
5. How many pounds of milk should a dairy cow produce
in a year ? Name and describe fully two popular breeds of
horses bred in Kansas .
Ans .-(a ) The ordinary cow gives about two_gallons of
milk per day , or about 3,000 pounds per year . The highest
record is 27,432 pounds , and it is hard to estimate what a
good cow should produce . ( b) Two popular breeds of
horses are Clydesdales and Percherons .
6. What three breeds of hogs are most successfully raised
in Kansas ? Which are bred for lard and which for bacon ?
Ans . — Poland -China , Chester White and Duroc -Jersey .
The Poland -China is the lard type and the Chester White
for bacon .
7. Describe the construction of a poultry house . Give
elements of a good balanced ration for hens .
Ans .— The house should face the south , with front higher
than back . The south side should be of glass to admit light
to all parts . It
should - be well ventilated and dry .
8. Name three insect pests of the orchard . What sprays
will destroy them , and when should they be applied ?
Ans. - San Jose scale , codling moth , and plum curculio .
For the first a lime -sulphur mixture , the second the Bor
deaux mixture , and the last a spray of arsenate of lead and
lime.
9. Compare and contrast the driving and draft types of
horses . Discuss the feeding of work horses , amount of rough
age and grain , and time for watering .
Ans .— The driving horse is tall with small bones and
light muscles . The draft horse is large -boned , heavy
muscled and low -built . A 1,000 - pound horse should have
seventeen pounds of nutriment . Ten or twelve pounds of
this should be roughage , the remainder grain . The horse
should be watered before feeding .
10. Name three breeds of general purpose chickens , three
meat breeds and three egg breeds . Describe the best method
of hatching and rearing chicks .
Ans . — Plymouth Rock , Wyandotte and Rhode Island Red .
The meat breeds are : Brahma , Cochin and Langshan . The
egg breeds are : Leghorn , Minorca and Black Spanish. The
be method is by using an incubator and brooder .
BOTANY .
1. Describe how the seedling of the acorn , bean and corn
break through the ground .
Ans . — The acorn being a dicotyl , breaks through the
STATE OF KANSAS 147
ground with two cotyledons. It may or may not bring up

the seed . The bean is also a dicotyl and the two seed
cotyledons break through the ground . The corn is a mono
cotyl and just one slender shoot breaks through the ground .
2. Describe the process of osmosis in relation to ab
sorption .
Ans.- Osmosis and absorption are practically synonymous.
Roots absorb water and food through the process of osmosis .
Osmosis is the diffusion of solutes through permeable or
sime permeable membranes , from the region of higher to
the region of lower concentration, and may take place in
either direction , according to the concentration of each
solute .
3. Distinguish between annuals , biennials and perennials .
Ans. - Annuals are those plants whose foliage and fruit
are formed the same year, thus requiring yearly renewal.
Biennials are those plants whose roots and leaves are formed
the first year and which produce fruit the second . Peren
nials are those plants which live or continue to live more
than two years , whether they retain their leaves or not .
4. Describe the translocation of water and food material
through the stems.
Ans. — The process by which water and food material is
translocated through the stems is only partially understood .
There are three forces which are concerned : 1) Osmosis ,
which forces the solution from soil into the roots , and from
(
cell to cell within the plant , up through the stem to the top
of the plant . ( 2 ) Capillaritym , the force which causes
Jiquids to rise inside of small places , must play some part
in the rise of water in the plant . ( 3 ) The demand for water
of
its
by the protoplasm and power absorption doubtless

is
producing the flow

of
to an
agent water from cell

in
active
cell up the plant
.
of
What are the functions

5.
the leaves
?
Ans The leaves are the most important places wherein

.—
photosynthesis takes place Here also the evaporation

of
.
surplus water takes place

of
Also times drouth water

in
.
and food from the air may taken into the plant through
be
in
the stomata the leaves

.
plants grow
do
How
6.
?
-
the term growth

of as
Ans Two ideas are involved

, in
,
.
ordinarily used
an
size and the formation

in
increase
;
new organs The latter develop

as
sometimes known
of is
if .
ment and one speaks growth and development the

,
term growth must the enlargement of already

be
limited
to
formed cells
as
Plants grow by the process known cell

.
division growth
as
Growth takes place downward

of
in
.
the roots , laterally as in the expansion and growth of tree

trunks , and upward as the tree increases in height . Each
cell divides and both new cells in turn divide and so on .
until the plant reaches maturity .
its
all
7. Draw a diagram of a flower , naming parts
.
-
.
a of .
What are the uses the epidermis
8.
?
Ans —
The epidermis closely compact hard cell wall
is
.
forming layer that liquids and even
to
impervious
to
is
It
a
covering which prevents the entrance
of
gases water
is
a
.
by
and protects from too great evapora
of
it loss water
a
also protects the plant from injury by small insects
It
tion
.
and animals
.
of
the fern group plants
of
Give the characteristics
9.
.
of
—
The most important feature the fern group
of
Ans
.
plants are The leaves are the most highly developed among
:
in
pteridophytes being reduced
in
number and increased
,
The sporangia are multiplied
on
size the lower surface
.
very little differentiation foliage

of
of
the leaves There
, is
.
leaves and sporophylls organization
of
no
and there
is
strobili
.
plant
of
in
10. Discuss the work Burbank and DeDries
breeding
.
by
his theory
of
Ans DeVries mutation transferred

,
,
.
-
evolutionary science
of
the field
from observation and com
to
parison experimental work He works wholly

of
the field
.
the plant
of
and the evolution of

in
the interest science

,
in
kingdom Burbank works also the experimental world
,
.
but not scientifically He works for the economical advan

.
by
tages produced the new species He what one might

a is
.
his work and really

at
call wizard wonderful man

is
a
but he does not work for the sake of science ,

.
ORTHOGRAPHY
.
Leprosy courageous supersede vengeance

1.
seizure
,
,
,
re ,
Corinthian inoculate municipal aromatic criticism

,
,
,
prieve doctrine intercede terminal epithet pyramid cor

,
,
respondent trachea capacity arsenal hippopotamus assail

,
,
,
for each
of
ant glycerin equinox miracle Give credit

,
2
,
(
.
word correctly spelled

.)

—
.
Give plural for amanuensis genius formula

2.
erratum
,
c ,
. .
Ans Amanuenses Momentums Errata

a
(
)
.
(
of. 6)
(
)
.
Geniuses Formulas
d
e
(
3. )
(
)
.
material for exercises

in
Mention three sources the

primary grades Why used
in ?
.
Ans .-- Words used words met read

in
the home
a
;
(
)
.
STATE OF KANSAS 149
ing ; words in lessons . ( b ) The pupils will be more inter

ested in words they often see or hear .
4. Define digraph and homophone . Give three examples
of each .
Ans .-
( a ) A group of two letters representing a simple
speech sound . Example : ea in head ; th in bath ; ie in
niece . ( b ) A character expressing a like sound with an .
other character . Any of two or more words alike in sound ,
but different in meaning and usually in spelling . – Internat .
Dict . Examples : All , awl ; bear , bare ; right , rite.
5. In what grades should word analysis be used ? Give
three rules for spelling involving suffixes and plurals .
Ans . From the fifth up . Rules : Nouns ending y in
preceded by a consonant change the y into ies ; clerkship
forms plural by adding s to the suffix ship ; duckling forms
by
plural adding
its
the suffix
: to
s
Mark diacritically . garage
ad
chauffeur
6.
romance
,
,
vertisement fiance
,
Ans See the dictionary

.
WRITING
.
Discuss fully pen holding position
of
1.
and the the

hand
.
held tightly for this cramps

be be
Ans The pen should not

,
.
the fingers should well back from the point
so
the hand
,
,
that ink may not get the fingers

on
. or
paper and the side

;
of
the hand must not rest on the paper

? be
When should the child carry over mus

to
expected
2
.
cular into all his written work

begins written work
he
Ans When
a —
( .
Discuss the value analysis writing

of
3.
in
b
( a )
(
)
.
Analyze and
u
.
Ans The pupils become thoroughly familiar with

.-
a
)
letters and parts letters and thus are able

of
of
forms
to
,
construct them with greater intelligence and skill

.
your standard good writing

of
What
4.
is
Legibility and beauty

—
Ans
.
.
as
Write three lines specimen

of
your own hand

5.
writing
.

.
LITERATURE
.
Why was Lincoln called

The Great Commoner
1.
?
of “
)
.
he
Ans Because the common people and was

was one
-
.
always thorough sympathy with them

in
Why
.
the autobiography Benjamin Franklin

of
2.
is
valuable reading
?
gives lively and true pictures

of
Ans Because the

it
.
'
days in which he lived , and because of the simplicity and

purity of his style of writing .
3. What Lessons would you teach children from “ The
Bishop and the Convict ”?
Ans. - Charity for the erring , the great influence of a
good life ; how kindness reclaims and restores the criminal .
4. Give a full but brief definition of the term classic .
Ans .— “ A work, especially in literature or art , of the
highest class and of acknowledged excellence . "
Internat .
Dict .
5. Name a classic in poetry , in prose , in music .
Ans .-( a ) Paradise Lost . ( 6 ) Don Quixote . ( c ) The
** Messiah . "
6. How did Franklin retain the respect of his enemies
when he was persistently opposing their schenes ?
Ans . By his uniform courtesy ; his eminence in litera
ture , science and statesmanship .
7. Put in a paragraph the value of Franklin to the
colonies and to the world .
Ans . — He gave the colonies the great value of his coun
sels ; he was their respected representative in other lands.
His value to the world was in his scientific investigations ;
his writings ; and his wisdom in constructive legislation .
8. What great works in literature have you read ?
9. How would statues and pictures of Caesar and Frank
lin help you in the teaching of their biographies or auto
biographies in the class in literature ?
Ans . — Statues and pictures always interest children and
make the studies more interesting . After looking at the
reproductions , the pupil can easily imagine how Cæsar and
Franklin appeared in the body .
10. How would you use maps in the study of literature ?
Ans. — Finding where eminent persons had lived ; tracing
the movements of armies and the migrations of peoples .
READING .
What are " sight words ' ' ? How are they taught ?
.
1.
What use should be made of them ?
Ans ( a ) They are words easily known at sight by the
of
child , and they , course , should be simple in form and
meaning . ( b ) By having them made on the blackboard ,
slate or paper. ( c ) They should be embodied in sentences .
2. How may games be used to advantage in teaching
reading in primary classes ?
Ans . —Natural expression can be taught effectively
through games . Every teacher knows that the contrast be
STATE OF KANSAS 151
tween the formal reading in the class and the unconstrained

expressions in games is great .
3. How would you conduct a recitation in reading to test
the pupil's power of interpretation ?
Ans . — By preliminary talks before the reading concerning
the thoughts , the author , emphasis , inflection and tone .
4. How may the proper time , emphasis , and force be
determined for the reading of any given selection ? Of
what value for this purpose are mechanical rules ?
Ans . ( a) By constant study and drill . ( 6 ) Of great
value , but care must be taken that the mechanical part be
made subordinate to the thought .
5. Define inflection as used in reading . Give some prac
tical suggestion regarding inflection , and illustrate by ref
.
erence to some selection which you have recently studied or
read
Ans .-
( a ) The rising and falling of the voice and the
combination of both known as the circumflex . ( 6 ) For the
applicant .
6. What is meant by the term . “ atmosphere ” as used in
connection with a selection for reading ? Give an illustra
.-
tion .
Ans " A sympathy and setting that show the spirit of
the selection . " Course of study
sympathy as shown in “ Sweet and Low . "
.
Illustration : Motherly
7. Briefly discuss one advantage and one disadvantage

in reading at sight in the recitation .
Ans . - Advantage : Fluency in expression . Disadvantage :
The mechanical part in reading may cause the reader to
overlook the thought.
8. Under what conditions may reading , either silently or
aloud , be injurious to the pupil physically ?
Ans . When the pupil is sitting or standing in an un
natural position ; when he is suffering in vocal cords, lungs
or hearing, excessive nervousness or from any other bodily
trouble .
9-10 . AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL .
O beautiful for spacious skies ,
For amber waves of grain ,
For purple mountain majesties
Above the fruited plain !
America ! America !
God shed His grace on thee
And crown thy good with brotherhood
From sea to shining sea .
O beautiful for pilgrim feet ,
Whose stern , impassioned stress
A thoroughfare for freedom beat
in?
Across the wilderness !

America ! America !
God mend thine every flaw ,
Confirm thy soul in self - control,
Thy liberty in law !
(a ) Select five words or expressions which refer to nat

ural or physical qualities .
( b ) Select five words or expressions which refer to human
conditions .
( c ) What achievement of man which has made America
;
beautiful is mentioned by the poet ?
( d ) Find common equivalents for the following expres
sions : amber waves of grain ; mountain majesties fruited
plain ; impassioned stress ; thoroughfare for freedom .
( e ) ( 1) Give brief directions for reading this selection
aloud . ( 2 ) State in your own words the poet's desire for
sto
America as expressed in these two zas
.
Ans
.-
Amber waves fruited plain spacious
,
a
“
”
"
",
“
(
)
skies purple mountain shining sea
'', to
sea
b ,
, ”
- “
.
Brotherhood liberty
in
self control law
"
"
“
,
(
)
''
freedom thine every flaw
,
“
”
“
."
thoroughfare for freedom beat

A
"
d c
.
“
( (
) )
Yellow grain mountain heights orchard covered

, ,
-
plains earnest efforts road liberty
to
,
For the applicant

e
(
)
MUSIC
.
do
What rote song How you teach

1.
is
it
A a
?
by
, by
Ans song taught example and learned
a
.
. (
)
Sing one stanza song

of
of
imitation number times
(b
a
)
children listening Sing single phrases children imitate

,
.
When separate phrases are learned children sing entire song .

, ,
.
flat with syllable names be
of
Write the scale

2.
neath on the treble and the base staff

,

-
.
two part song you teach

do
What How
3.
is
it
A a
?
-
for
two voice parts generally

in
Ans song
.-
,
a
(
)
each part pupils are

If
tended for several voices

to
b
(
)
.
sufficiently advanced read and sing both parts together

,
learn parts separately then combine Difficult

If
necessary
,
or .
portions may need special drill parts singly together

,
apart from song

as
whole
a
Explain the significance the following Allegro

of
4.
,
:
Dolce Adagio pp
,
,
f,
.
Ans Quick tempo With sweetness Slow

(6
a
a (c
, "
.
( (
) )
)
.
tempo forte meaning loud degree

of
Abbreviation
a
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 133
of power between mezzo and fortissimo . ( e ) Abbreviation

of pianissimo, meaning very soft , light in power .
5. Name and illustrate four characters affecting pitch .
Ans. ( a ) G clef , placed on second line of staff to make
line represent pitch G first above middle C. Other staff
degrees are then understood to represent ( stand for ?' )
all simple name tones , reckoning alphabetically and degree
wise from clef line . ( b)F clef , placed on fourth line to
make it represent pitch F first below middle C. ( c) Sharp ,
placed on any staff degree to make it represent a pitch a
half - step higher . ( a ) Flat , placed on any staff degree to
make it represent a half - step lower pitch . Illustrations
For the applicant .
6. Define : symphony, solo , part song , opera , oratorio .
Ans .— ( a) An orchestral composition in sonata form .
( b ) A composition for a single voice or instrument . ( c)
A vocal composition for two or more parts , that for the
highest voice having the chief melodic interest . ( d) A
drama set to music . ( e ) An extended composition in
serious style for chorus and solo voices with orchestral ac
companiment , the words usually dealing with a sacred sub
ject , designed as concert music without dramatic action .
7. Write one verse of America .
8. Name five world famous composers .
Ans. - George Frederic Handel , Franz Peter Schubert,
Giuseppe Verdi , Edward Elgar, Edward Alexander Mac
Dowell .
August 21 and 22 , 1914 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. Distinguish between the terms difference and remainder .
Ans . — Subtraction is the process of finding :
( 1 ) The difference of two numbers expressed in the same
unit .
( 2 ) The remainder after taking a part of the number
away from the whole number .
The first definition emphasizes the thought of comparison
of two numbers . The second emphasizes the thought of
separation of a number into two parts . One part is taken ,
the other remains .
man earns $ 100 a month and spends $ 75. What is the
difffference between his earnings and expenses ?
A farmer raises 100 sheep and sells 75 of them . How
many sheep remain ?
2. Explain “ carrying ” as you would to a class of be
ginners .
Ans . - Add : 4 2 3
5 32
3 4 5
23 4
1,534
Add the units column, 4 , 9 , 11 , 14. 14 units equals 1 ten
and 4 units . Write 4 under the units column . Add the 1
ten to the tens ' column . Add : 1 , 4 , 8 , 11 , 13 . 13 tens
equals 1 hundred and 3 tens . Write 3 tens under the tens '
column. Add the 1 hundred to the hundreds ' column . Add :
1 , 3 , 6 , 11 , 15. 15 hundreds equals 1 thousand and 5 hun
dreds . Write 5 hundreds under the hundreds column and
the 1 thousand in the thousands column . The sum is 1,534 .
3. In multiplication what is the relation between abstract
and concrete numbers ?
Ans . — The multiplier is always abstract . The product is
like the multiplicand .
4. Develop the following principles : ( a) Dividing the
numerator divides the fraction . ( 6 ) Dividing the denom
inator multiplies the fraction .
Ans . - The denominator indicates the unit fraction . The
numerator indicates how many of these units are taken .
Dividing the numerator divides the number of unit fractions
but does not change the unit fraction . Thus , 6 sevenths
STATE OF KANSAS 150
divided by 3 is 2 sevenths just as 6 bushels divided by 3 is

2 bushels . But to divide the denominator increases the size
of the unit fraction while the numerator , or the number of
units taken , remains unchanged . Hence the fraction is
multiplied . Thus , if the denominator of 38 is divided . by 4
we have 32 and the unit fraction is changed from 18 to 12,
18.
and 12 is 4 times Hence the fraction has been divided
.
by
Explain fully the process multiplying
36
35 of
5.
.
multiply by into
To
Solution divide
to
.—
means
5
equal parts and these equal parts
of
to
take 3
.
=
15
85
35
=
24 44
8
times
X
and times
=
3
8
8
,
:
Solve and explain the process
6.
:
%%
more than what amount

is is
165 371
$ $
165 371 less than what amount
?
Solution.
of ofof
==
% %%
100 the amount the amount
.
371 the amount the increase
.
1371 the amount the sum
.
But 165 the sum
$
.
;
X of
%
Therefore 1371 the amount 165

$ $ $ $
That 1.375 the amount 165

is
,
And the amount 165 1.375

120
.
of the
%% % %
100 amount the amount

371 of the amount the decrease
the difference
of
621 the amount
;
=
Therefore 621 of the amount 165

$ $ $ $
That .625 the amount 165

X
is
,
And the amount 165 .625

264
.
of
dealer bought 2,000 tons coal for 9,000 He sold

7.
he .
strike then occurring

at
600 tons 5.25 ton was able

A
$
,
.
What per cent did

he
at
sell the rest

to
6.75 ton make

$
on his investment
?
Solution 3,150 receipts from first sale

—
600 5.25
X
$
,
.
1,400 tons amount left after first

=
2,000 tons 600 tons

,
-
sale
.
1,400 6.75 9,450 receipts from second sale

+X
21he $ $ $ $
,
$ $ $
3,150 9,450 12,600 total receipts

$
12,600 9,000 3,600 gain

$
3,600 9,000 .40

$
5 .in 40
10on
Therefore made per cent his investment

.
long and filled with

ft
ft
bin
8.
is
wide
A
6
.
Allowing 2,150
cu
the depth
of
feet
to
to
wheat the
in
.
.
at
the wheat worth

is
bushel what 80c bushel

a
?
,
Solution.
211 X 10 X 5 X 1728 x $ .80
2150
43 X 10 X 5 X 1728 X $ .80
$691.20
2 X 2150
Therefore the wheat is worth $ 691.20 .

9. Find the amount of principal and interest on $ 825.30 ,
from July 15 to January 20 , at 41 % .
Solution .
From July 15 to January 20 is 189 days .
Int . on $ 1 at 6 % for 189 da . $ .0315
Int . on $825.30 at 6 % for 189 da . = 825.30 X $ .0315
$26
Int . on $825.30 at 11 % 1 of $ 26 $6.50
Int . on $ 825.30 at 41 % $26 $6.50 = $ 19.50
$ 825.30 + $ 19.50 ,
$ 844.80 the amount .
10. A school flag pole is broken by the wind 16 ft . from
the ground . The two pieces hold together, and the top of
the pole touches the ground 30 ft . from the base . Find the
length of the pole .
Solution . — The broken pole forms with the ground a right
triangle of which the base is 30 ft . and the altitude is 16 ft .
It is required to find the hypotenuse .
H = hypotenuse
H = V B2 + A2 B base
A = altitude
= V 900 + 256
= V 1156 = 34
Therefore the part broken off is 34 feet long and the pole
is 50 feet long .
ALGEBRA .
1. State a rule for writing out the square of a trinomial .
Illustrate by expanding ( a + b - c) 2.
Ans . The square of any polynomial is the sum of the
squares of the several terms and twice the product of every
term by every term that follows it , giving to every product
the proper sign .
( a + 5 — c) 2 = a2 + 62 + c2 + 2ab - 2ac42bc .
2. Explain the elimination of an unknown quantity by
STATE OF KANSAS 157
addition or subtraction in the solution of simultaneous equa

tions .
Suppose we have two equations
.--
Ans and Choose
in
.y
x
multipliers for each equation such will make the coefficients
as
each equation alike
of
If
the terms which have
in
or
(
y
x
.
coefficients have like signs subtract one equation from the
,
the terms have unlike signs add the two equa
InIf
other
,
.
by
tions either case solve the resulting equation and
.
substitution find the value
of
the other unknown
.
Simplify the following
cd
3.
3y
+ .2y
—
43
— g-
3x
b 2x
—
2 1
(
) )
+Y
] –
( )
]
)
[
.
+(
a
-f
h
e
(
].
)
)
# . [
(
[
(
Solution
– -
-
2y
3y 3y
Y—
–
—
2y—
2x
+ 3x
4x
1
–
(
)
y[
)
]
)
(
(
+ 2x
+
+
3x 4x
-
230 2y
9-
.
+ —
+
+
+
-f
2
(0
b
h
e
a
=
)
)
]
h (
)
]
- -
(
[
(
[
(
g )
a
+
+
b
d
a
e
c
.
-
-
f
4.
by
Multiply b3
a3
+
3a2b 3ab2
+
bya
1
5ab
c
(2 (
) )
. .
-
—
3b
Divide 20ac 15ad 1260 9bd
+
Solution
.
b3
=as
+ 94+
3a2b 3ab2
+
+
1
b
a
c
(
+)
(
)
(
)
+64
+
4a3b 6a2b2 4ab3 a3c

+
+
++
3a2bc 3ab2c 63c

.
•
5a
36
9bd
—
20ac 15ad 12bc

2
)
(
-
(
)
4C 3d
-
-
.

5.
49m2 16x4y2
3 2 1
( ( (
) ) )
a484 9a262 136

.
10x2 9x — 91
.
Solution.
—
49m2 16x4y2 4x2y 4x2y

+( +
7m 7m
(
3 2 1
( ( (
) ) )
( — )
23 (
+ ).
a4b4 9a2b2 136

17
a262 a2b2
-
8
—)(
).
9x -91
13
5x
10x2
-
7
.)
: (

6.
a x
-
+
7
a
)
(
=
+
4
.
3a
b
Solution.
—
+
7
a
2
b
2
)
(
=
+
1
4
(1
)
За
3
b
Multiply by 3ab
+ (1
)
3a2 7ab
+
3ax 26x 262 12ab

2
(
)

--
—
26
3a
3a2 5ab 262

=
3
x
-
)
)
(
(

( 30 — 26 )3 = - ( 30 — 26 ) ( a - 5 )
Divide ( 4 ) by ( 3a — 26 )
20 = (a - b) (5 )
Remove parenthesis in right member
x = b — (6 )
Verification :
Substitute ( b − a ) for å
b ata
+
in
7
( 1)
210 -- a )
ъ 3 3a
b 7 2
+ + = 4
b 3 3
-t
3 7 2
- + 4
3 3 3
= 4.
7. Simplify :
xy2 + y² x2y2-04
+ xy + -
-
32 y2 33 23
Solution .
xy2 + y3 #2y2 34 y2 ( + y)
X
+ xy + y2 43 — x3 0:2 + xy + y2
-
x2
(y ( y2 + y2 + 2) y2
-
2)
32 ( y + c ) ( y ) 22
Solve the following
.
8. equations :
9x + 2 5x + 2
(1 ) + 8
33 -1 3 + 1
a tu C
(2 ) : 1.
b +c a
Solution .
9x + 2 5x + 2
( 1) + 8 (1 )
3 . 1 2+ 1
Multiply ( 1 ) by (3x - 1) ( + 1)
159
STATE OF KANSAS
9x2 + 11x + 2 + 15x2 + 1

=24x2 + 163 8
- 2
( 2)
" Transpose and collect terms
- 4x = 8 ( 3)
Divide ( 3 ) by 4
2 ( 4)
a+ 2
(2 ) (1)
b to
Multiply ( 1 ) by a ( b + c )
a2 + ax 13 — C = a (b
= + c) ( 2)
" Transpose
(a -
and collect terms
b — c)x = -ala -- b c) ( 3)
Divide by ( a - b - 0)
a.

as + by = 2.
{
Solution
at + by = 2 ( 1)
ab ( x + y) =
= a + b *( 2 )
Multiply out in left member of ( 2)
abx + aby = a + b ( 3)
Multiply ( 1 ) by b
abx + 2y = 26 (4)
Subtract ( 4 ) from ( 3)
bla — b) y = a (5)
Divide by bla — b)
1
Y =b ( 6)
Multiply ( 1 ) by a
a2x + abx = 2a ( 7)
Subtract ( 7 ) from ( 3 )
Divide ( 8 ) by a (
1
ba
a (b − a )x = b
)
- a ( 8)
a
y in ( 1 )
Verification . — Substitute values of u and
a 6
-+ =
b
1 + 1 2
2
Substitute values of x and y in ( 2 )
1 1
ab (- + -b )
'a
= a+ b
bta = a +b
a + b = ato
10. A left a certain town and traveled at the rate of a
miles an hour , and in n hours was followed by B at the rate
of b miles an hour . In how many hours did B overtake A ?
Solution . Let x == No. of hours for B to overtake A.
Then n + 3 = No. of hours A traveled .
And a ( n + 2 ) = No. of miles A traveled
And bx = No. of miles B traveled .
But both traveled the same distance . Therefore we have
the equation ,
a ( n + x ) = bX ( 1)
Multiplying out in the left member
an + ax b.x (2)
(a − b ) =
= an (3)
Divide by (a − b )
an
(4)
a
an
Therefore B will overtake A in hours .
amb

1. What is the object of work in composition ? Discuss
at least three points .
Ans . To give drill in the rules of punctuation and capi
talization ; to emphasize and apply the rules of grammar ; to
develop the power of expressing one's ideas with elearness
and elegance . Correct punctuation and capitalization are
necessary in order to make the writer's meaning more defi
nite and certain . No composition work has much value if
it contains grammatical errors. The ability to express one's
self with clearness and elegance is of slow growth and it
is only by constant effort that it is attained .
2. What is a paragraph ? How do you teach paragraph
ing ?
STATE OF KANSAS 161
Ans .-
( a) A paragraph is a portion of a written or
printed discourse , begun on a new line and usually con .
taining a logical division or a complete and unified state
ment of a particular point. ( b ) . For the applicant .
3. Name and use in sentences five classes of adverbs .
(
Ans.- ( 1 ) Time, ( 2 ) place, 3 ) manner , ( 4 ) degree , ( 5 )
cause . ( 1) He never will do it . ( 2 ) Place the chair down
on the floor . ( 3 ) All should do their work well . ( 4 ) The
sick man looked very white . ( 5 ) It rained , therefore he did
not go to the picnic .
4. How can a desire for good English be aroused ? Dis .
cuss fully .
Ans. - By telling stories to children ; by having the pupils
repeat the stories told them ; by having pupils tell original
by
all
stories ; by motivating composition work memoriz
by;
.
ing standard poems and prose selections reading and
;
studying only the best English literature
in
.
Give the principal parts five irregular verbs often
of
5.
, of
Illustrate the correct use

in
mis used each sentences
-
—.
.
lie
Ans Sit sat sat set set set lay lain lay laid
,
;
;
;
in , ,
,
this chair Te set
.
laid throw threw thrown will sit

in
I
,
;
.
.
The child lay still

an
the table the corner hour saw
I
.
Mary lay the book there The boy has thrown away ofall .
it
.
.
a all
the analysis
6.
the useful terms

of in
Name sen
a
.
Write sufficient number illustrate
to
tence sentences
. .
each
Ans sentence may contain but two words subject
A
as
,
.
-
and predicate Night comes When the verk

is
incom
.
;
; .
plete three words are required

a as
Love makes friends

–
Friends the object transitive verb

is
Sometimes used
is
that requires second complement then four words are re

a
quired as Love makes labor light Light objective

—
is
the
;
complement simple its

of
The essentials sentence are

a
.
subject verb and complement without their modifiers

,
,
,
Define and illustrate subjunctive

7.
mode
a
(
(
)
of:
)
:
subjective complement the superlative degree com

c
;
(
)
parison copulative verb

.-
a d
;
.
is ( (
) )
Ans The subjunctive mode expresses wish doubt

,
a
a
,
only thought possibility

is beor
as
as
of
what the wind

—
If
;
( a
fair the vessel may sail subjective complement

A
as
6
or)
.
complement that describes explains the subject

;
a
an
The man was poor The superlative degree of adjec

c
(
)
.
of
tive denotes the highest degree the quality —John

as
is
;
the tallest boy the room copulative verb one

A
in
is
d
(
)
.
describes the subject

—
Some grapes
as
whose complement
;
are sweet
.
of
Define and illustrate three classes

8.
clauses
.
An adjective clause is one used to describe a noun ;

Ans.
as - The child that was sick is now well . An adverbial clause
is one used to modify an adjective , verb , or adverb ; as
lie
Let the tree where falls An objective clause one
it
is
.
the object of be
as
as
transitive verb
—
used Columbus
;
lieved that the earth round
is
.
9.Correct the following sentences and tell why they are
.go
is go
incorrect
to
guess shall
to
love
I
a
I
b
(
)
( :
(
)
intended have written Society not
to
school
(d
c
.
)
)
.
always answerable for the conduct
of
their members
.-
.
.go
Ans think shall To guess conjecture
to
is
I
;
is (a
I
)
go
to
hold an opinion like
to
think to
to
school
I
b
in .
(
)
.
We love that which ministers our affections we like that
, to
,
appetite fancy
or
which ministers our totaste
I
c
)
(
.
The perfect infinitive should not
be
write
to
tended used
.
after the past tense when the simple form would express the
meaning Society not always answerable for the
is
d
)
(
.
Society the antecedent of the

of
conduct its members
,
.
singular hence the pronoun should singular
be
pronoun
is
,
:
10. Analyze the following sentence Passing over field
a
:
study has been compared country
of
conquering
to
.
Ans simple declarative sentence Passing
—
of is
This
a
a .
'
over field study the complete subject and has
is
"
'
conquering country
to
been compared the complete
is
a
Passing the subject '

of
predicate the basis modified
is
,
of ,
.
”
of by
over field study complex adverbial element

',
a
a
"
of
which the leader and

is
the second class over
,
'
by
its
basis modified the adjective

is
field and
,
",
a
,
Has been com

”
"
also by the adjective phrase study

of
"
"
.
of
the predicate modified by con

ofto
pared the basis
is
, ”
"
quering country complex adverbial element the
a
a
,
of
which the leader and conquering

to
second class
is
“
”
by
complex objective
its
modified country
of is
basis
,
a
a
,
"
the first class

its
country
of
element which basis

,
”,
modified by the adjective

is
a
"
"
.
GEOGRAPHY
.
taught geography classes

be
an
What can
in
to
1.
excur
.
the neighborhood
of
in
sion the fields and woods

to
the
schoolhouse
?
, —
of
Ans Watersheds formation streams and lakes ero

,
,
.
sion frost temperature soils vegetation

dew
,
2. ,
taught geography classes visiting

be
What can
to
in
.
dustrial and other institutions cities

in
manufacturing
of
of
Ans Processes conditions labor

,
,
.
in
administration economy time wages

,
.
be
Of what materials can relief maps

3.
made
?
STATE OF KANSAS 165
Ans. - Papier mache , salt and flour, sand , plasticine .
. ,
4. Under the heading “ Climate '' define dry , rainy , con
tinental and oceanic and give an illustration of each .
Ans ( a ) A climate in which there is little or no rain .
The Sahara. ( b ) Where the rainfall is excessive . The Ama :
zon Valley . ( c ) A climate peculiar to a continent , as in
Eastern Russia , Africa , interior Australia . ( d ) An oceanic
climate is one in which an equable temperature is preserved
by the nearness of ocean currents .
5. What is the influence of glaciers on soils and produa
tive conditions ?
Ans . - As the glaciers move down valleys they grind and
pulverize the rocks detached . The masses of matter thug
carried to the plains below form soil .
6. What is the form of government in China , Greece ,
Germany , Australia , the Philippines ?
.-
Ans
archy . ( c ) Limited monarchy .
( a ) An imperfect republic . ( 6 ) Limited mon .
( d ) Practically self -govern .
ment under British rule . ( e ) Partial self -government under
the government of the United States .
7. Account for the unequal length of night and day in the
frigid and temperate zones .
Ans.The unequal length is because in the frigid and
temperate zones the rays of the sun do not fall perpendic
ularly on the surface . At the equator the rays fall directly
on the surface ; hence the days and nights are always of
equal length .
8. Over what waters would you sail in a voyage from
Duluth to Montreal ?
Ans . — Lake Superior , St. Mary's River and Canal , Lake
Huron , St. Clair River , St. Clair Lake, Detroit River , Lake
Erie , Welland Canal , Lake Ontario , St. Lawrence River .
9. What conditions are favorable to manufacturing ?
Ans. —Nearness to the raw material and motive power .
10. Compare Kansas with Rhode Island as to area , pro
ductions , and climate .
Ans. —Kansas : 82,080 square miles ; leading productions ,
wheat, alfalfa , corn , kafir , cattle, horses, hogs . Climate ,
temperate . Rhode Island : Area , 1,250 square miles ; im
portant manufacturing state ; great cotton factories and
woolen mills . Climate , temperate .
ANCIENT HISTORY .
1. Name and locate the chief nations of antiquity , and
discuss the leading characteristics of each .
Ans . —Romans, center of empire , Rome ; characteristics ,
courage , colonizing power , love of literature , constructive
ness in government and laws . Greeks , center of dominions ,

Greece ; characteristics , courage, eminence in literature and
art , leaders in bodily exercises . Egyptians , center in the
Egypt of modern times ; characteristics , tendency to do
spotism in government , eminence in science and art .
2. Discuss the religion of the Greeks .
Ans . - It was based upon ancestor , local duties and .
nature worship . They found spirits in everything in the
heavens above and in the earth beneath . Their gods were
subject to the same passions as human beings. The Greeks
believed in oracles .
3. · Trace the history of the Athenian empire : origin , de
velopment , ultimate fate .
Ans . It
was founded about 1500 B. C. , and graduall
developed until it became one of the leading states . wa : It
its
so its
always largely democratic in government and people
,
were instinctively opposed The empire
to
ots called
-
.
and was formed by the union
B.
began about 460
of
C.
,
free states Athens being the center In 405 the empire
. B.
C.
an ,
.
end when Sparta conquered Athens
to
came
Discuss briefly Greek philosophy and oratory nam
4.
,
of
ing two representatives each

.
Ans With Socrates the philosophy
of
objective thought
—
, .
began Plato built system
of
and after him idealistic
a
,
philosophy
.
Greek orators had great influence because the people
. in
the ancient days were appealed mainly by great speakers
to
the most popular and eloquent

of
Demosthenes was one

the days when Greece was great and he
in
orators now
is
,
of the foremost orators

of
considered one all time
.
Themistocles and Pericles were also eminent orators
.
Describe the main steps the conquest the Italian

of
in
5.
by
peninsula Rome
.
—
Ans The war with the Samnites followed by the war

.
by
with Pyrrhus King Epirus led the subjugation
of
to
of ,
the entire peninsula about 269

, B.
the Romans
C.
the careers of Marius and Sulla and show

6.
Sketch
their significance Roman history
in
Ans Caius Marius was Roman general about 156-8

a
,
.-
B.
so
He defended the cause

C.
of
the people and was

hated by the nobles He was elected consul six times
he in
.
succession Later he was driven into exile by Sulla but

,
.
returned and proclaimed himself consul He died short

a
.
time afterward Marius was great general but was more

a
,
.
adapted war than peace Lucius Cornelius Sulla was

to
to
the patri
an
also eminent Roman general He belonged

to
.
cians and there was between him and Marius much jealousy
.
Returning from the war and finding Marius dead

he
pro
,
STATE OF KANSAS 165
claimed himself dictator and massacred the adherents of

Marius , about 4,500 in number .
-
7. Discuss the work of the first and second triumvirates .
Ans . Crassus , Pompey and sar were known as the
first triumvirate . Though not a legal body it virtually
governed Rome just as powers behind the throne did many
times in later history . The second triumvirate was formed
after the death of Caesar . Its members were Antonius ,
Lepidus and Octavianus .
8. Describe the government of a Roman province under
the Empire .
Ans . - Each province had a ruler appointed from Rome ,
and , generally , the people were allowed much liberty under
Roman laws always on condition that there should be no
interference with the laws of the Empire . Palestine is a
type. The Jews were allowed full toleration in their wor
ship .

1. Debate one side of the question : Resolved , that
Roosevelt has done more for his country than Wilson .
Ans . - For the appplicant .
2. Discuss the best method of using biography in teach
ing history .
Ans . — It has been said that the history of a country
its
is in the biographies of distinguished men which may

to
,
biography
be
of
So
the value
in
added and women the

,
,
is .
teaching
of
history apparent
.
Associate the following dates with some event his

in
3.
tories 1865 1789 1636 1492 1607 1619 1893 1783 1861
,
,
:
1837
.
of
Ans the Civil war

.-
The close The Constitu

b
a
(
)
(
)
.
the United States went into operation

of of
tion Found
c
.
(
)
ing Harvard College Discovery of America

(d
e
)
.
.
)
Virginia
(
Settlement Jamestown Introduction of

of
ofA
,
)
.
slavery into Virginia Beginning the Spanish Ameri

9
.
(
)
.
-
can war Peace between Great Britain and the United

h
.
(
)
Beginning
of
States proclaimed the Civil war

3
)
(
.
i
(
)
) by
disastrous panic caused

A
speculation
.
Discuss briefly The Alaskan Railroad

4.
b
a
(
)
(
:
Panama Tolls Federal Reserve Banks

c
(
)
.
.
to
Ans railroad from tidewater the coal fields

A
a
(
)
.
authorized by Congress the original act coastwise

In
b
,
.
(
)
ships the United States were exempt from tolls Through

in
the influence of President Wilson this part

in of
the act was

repealed bill passed by Congress
A
1914 made
c
,
(
)
.
radical changes the national banking system The cen

in
,
.
tral governing body is the federal reserve board at Washing

ton . It would be impossible within narrow limits to give
all the important provisions. See the encylopedias.
5. What methods do you use to keep your pupils in
formed on current history ?
Ans. I encourage them to read the dispatches in the
best newspapers and magazines. Discuss important news
in the current history class each day .
.
6. Discuss the following : ( a ) Ku -Klux Klan . (b)
Carpet -baggers.
Ans ( a ) In 1868-1871 a secret organization known by
this name, arose in the South . Its purpose was to terrify the
freedmen and “ carpet -baggers ' '. The Klan was mainly
in North Carolina , South Carolina , Louisiana and Arkansas .
(b ) The name given by the Southern people in reconstruc
tion days to persons who came in from other states for the
purpose of getting offices and to control the state govern
ments .
Ans. - Saratoga , because it influenced France to support
the colonies . Bunker Hill showed that the colonials could
cope with regulars ; Yorktown , close of the Revolutionary
war ; Gettysburg , the turning point in the Rebellion ; Manila
Bay , gave the United States control of the Philippines .
.
8. What territory has the United States gained , ( a ) by
war , ( b ) by purchase, ( c ) by annexation ?
Ans ( a) The territory acquired after the Mexican war ;
the Philippine Islands , Guam , Porto Rico . (
Gadsden Purchase , Florida
9. Name five important
. b ) Alaska , the
( c ) Hawaiian Islands .
treaties . Tell why they are
important .
Ans . - Arbitration treaties with the Netherlands , Salva
dor , Guatemala , Nicaragua , and Honduras . They are for
the promotion of international peace .
10. Which one of the colonies wielded the widest in
fluence upon our national institutions ? Justify your answer .
KANSAS HISTORY .
1.
the
Name in chronological order territorial governors

of Kansas
.
H.
Ans.-A. Reeder Wilson Shannon John W. Geary

,
Walker James W. Denver Samuel Medary

J.
Robert
a ,
,
What power privileges had

in or
delegate from the Ter

2.
ritory Congress
of
Kansas
of , ?
Ans.He could discuss bills but

he
could not vote

.
an
of
Name five governors the State Kansas and

3.
STATE OF KANSAS 167
important act of legislation under each of the administra

tions named .
Ans . —Governor Samuel J. Crawford , Indian raids ; John
A. Martin , passage of the municipal suffrage bill ; Lyman
U. Humphrey , opening of Oklahoma ; L. D. Lewelling , elec
tion of John Martin to the United States Senate ; W. E.
Stanley , establishing of traveling libraries ; E. W. Hoch ,
enactment of a law requiring
all
property
be
at
to
assessed
its full value
.
were the Osage and Kaw reservations

4.
Where
?
.-
Ans The lands they owned last are now Neosho and
a
(
)
Labette counties and the last reservations owned by the

,
Kaws were tracts of land around Council Grove
.
When did the National Education Association meet at
5.
of
Who was governor
at
Topeka the state the time
?
- ?
Ans In 1886. John A. Martin

.
.
which large numbers
of
in
Name three counties colon

6.
in
ists from foreign countries made settlements Kansas
.
Ans Cloud County French Canadians Ellis County
.—
,
Russian Germans McPherson Swedes
,
;
-
? .
What the biennial election law What the differ

7.
is
is
ence between and the biennial sessions law
it
The law requiring all county officials
be
Ans
to
a
(
)
.
every year
of
elected every two years instead The law

b
(
)
.
requiring the legislature meet every two years instead
of
to
every year
.
8.
Name five counties which are rich minerals and

in
name each mineral

.
Ans Cherokee County lead and zinc Crawford coal

,
,
;
;
.-
Reno salt Montgomery oil Ellisworth salt

,
,
,
;
;
What materials for the history

? of
be
Kansas can found

9.
each township and school district

in
township and school district clerks

of
Ans The records

;
-
.
pioneers
of
narratives
by
.
10. What days are made holidays state law Kansas

in
, ?
Ans Lincoln's birthday Memorial day Labor day

;
,
.-
Columbus day
.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
be
How should children taught love our country

in to
1.
in ?
How would you awaken an interest current events

your school
?
its
Ans By making them familiar with history showing

—
;
.
As
its
people had done the cause liberty

of
what deeds
in
current events see answer United States History

in
in
to
this issue
.
dealing with crim

of
How does the present method

2.
.
inals differ from former methods ?

Ans . — The principles of Christ's teaching are entering
more and more into the regulations affecting criminals . So ,
naturally the methods are in every way more humane .
3. Under what disadvantages do the small rural schools
labor ? To what extent would the township or consolidated
school improve these conditions ?
Ans . In that all the recitations are in one room . In
the consolidated district there are facilities for recitation
rooms , so that pupils studying are not disturbed . Then , the
classes are larger and the interest greater.
4. To what influences may we attribute the advanced
legislation in Kansas regarding public health ?
.-—
Ans national and state organizations the insistence

To
,
the medical profession and physiol
to
of
the instruction
in
in ,
ogy and hygiene given the public schools
.
In what ways have some the railroad companies
5.
of
helped develop Kansas
to
?
By advertising lands
by
Ans bringing colonies from
in
,
-
.
our own and other countries .

How will you impress upon your pupils the duty and
6.
responsibility of voters Of taxpayers

?
?
Ans By showing them that republic every voter
do is
in
—
a
.
responsible for the government and that everyone must

,
her full share electing the right persons

or
his
in
to
hold
office and seeing that the proceeds from taxes are
in
properly expended
.
How many members constitute quorum Con

7.
in
a
.
What are the powers impeachment
of
gress
in
each house
?
is?
.
Ans The total membership quorum

is
435 and
a
a
(
)
majority quorum
of
the members hence 218

is
a
b
.
)
(
The House of Representatives has the power
of
impeach
the Supreme
of
ment the Senate with the Chief Justice

,
;
Court presiding the court

is
,
Name and discuss the powers denied Congress

to
8.
.
of
What are the powers the President

XI
?
Ans
of
See Section Article the Constitution

a
ofII ,
I
(
)
.
.
of
See Section Article the Constitution

6
go
II,
(
9.)
What three judges

of
the supreme court

,
out
'
office this year unless

re
elected
,
?
-
Ans.-A. W. Benson and Clark W. Smith retire and

H.
,
Mason remains John Marshall and John

F.
Dawson are
S.
.
the new judges

.
How may the constitution

of
be
10. Kansas amended

?
by
What saying that law unconstitutional

is
is
meant
a
?
of
Ans Two thirds each house may propose amend

-
If (a)
. .
at
majority
of
ments the next general election the

a
STATE CF KANSAS 169
voters voting on the amendments " shall adopt the amend

ments , the same shall become a part of the constitution . "
( b ) That it is a violation of one or more parts of the
constitution ,
BOOKKEEPING ,
1-8 . Rule a ledger ( or use ruled paper ) , copy the follow
ing accounts , make a trial balance , business and financial
statements and proof of statement , and close the ledger :
PROPRIETOR .
| May 1, $5000
MERCHANDISE .
May 1. $ 2000 May 3. $ 600
2. 1000 4. 400
5 500 8. 300
10 , 500 9. 200
24 . 900 25 . 100
30 , 400 27 . 900
EXPENSE .
May 6. 50
11 . 60 1
REAL ESTATE
'May 1. 1000
15 , 1500 1
INTEREST ..
May 31 , 41
LOSS AND GAIN .
CASH .
May 1. 2000 May 5 .. 500
8. 300 6. 50
22 . 100 11 . 60
25 . 100 20 . 1000
27 . 900 28 .. 500
31 , 504
BILLS RECEIVABLE .
May 3 ...... 6001
H. RICHARDS .
May 4. 400 May 22 .. 100
9. 200 1
BILLS PAYABLE .
May 20 .. 1000 May 2 .. 1000
31 . 500 10 .. 500
15 .. 1500
B. C. COLE .
May 28 . 500 May 24 .. 900
30 . 400
The inventories are : Mdse ., $ 2500 ; real estate , $ 2500 ;

expense , $50 .
PROPRIETOR
May 31ſNet loss || 364 |00 ||May |500000 8
May 31 Pres worth .
4636 00
11
811
June Pres worth 463600
||
.
MERCHANDISE
.
May 120001001 May 600100
30 24 105 2 1
31 31 27 259 8 4 3
|
May 10001001 May 40000
·
May 500100 May 300100
May 500100 May 200100
|| || ||
May May
00 00
900 10000
|
May 400 May 900100
| May Inventory 2500 00
May Loss 30000
15300100 5300100
June Inv't 25001001

1
EXPENSE
.
May May
11 61
Inv't
31 31
50100 50100
;
May 6000j ay Loss 60100

|M
1101001 110100
====
June Inv't 501001
1
REAL ESTATE
.
May May 31 Inv't

00
1000 1250000
15 1
||
|
May 15001001
125001001 2500100
June Inv't 2500001

1
\
INTEREST
.
31
May ay
31
41001 Loss 4100

Tele
|
|M
400 4100
LOSS AND GAIN

.
May Expense
31
May
60
00
Proprietor
31
36400
||
||
II
|
STATE OF KANSAS 171
May 31 Mdse . 300100

May 31 Interest 4,00
364100 36400
=
CASH .
May 1 12000 |00 | May 5 500100
May 8 300100 May 6 50 00
May 22 1001001 May 11 60100
May 25 1001001 May 20 100000
May 27 9001001 May 28 500 00
May 31 504100
May 31 Balance 786100
3400/00 3400,00
June 1 Balance 786100
BILLS RECEIVABLE .
May 31 600 |001 May 31 Balance 600100
===
June 1 Balance
600100
6001001
- 60000
=
H. RICHARDS .
May 41 400 001 May 221 100100
50016
May 9 200100
May 31 Balance 500100
6001001 600100
=
June Balance 5001001
1
BILLS PAYABLE
.
May 201 110001001| May 21 11000100

5001001 May 50000
31 31
May
15 10
May Balance 15001001 May 1500100

|
30001001 300000
June Balance 1500100

1
B. C. COLE
.
May 5001001 May

30 24
281 900100
|
May 8001001 May

31
Balance 400,00
NI
130010011 1 (1300100
June 1 Balance 80000
TRIAL BALANCE .
Proprietor 5000 00
Mdse . 5300 00 2500 00
Expense 110 00
Real Estate 2500 00
Interest 4
Cash 3400 00 2614 00
1
Bills Receivable 600 00
H. Richards 600 00 100 00
Bills Payable 1500 00 3000 00
B. C. Cole 500 00 1300 00
FINANCIAL STATEMENT .
Cash Received 3400 00
||
Cash Paid Out 2614 00
Balance On Hand
BUSINESS STATEMENT .
18
786 00
Total Resources 6936 00

Total Liabilities 2300 00
Present Worth 4636 00
Prop . ' s Net Credit 5000 00

Prop . 's Net Loss 364 00
Prop . 's Present Worth 4636 00
9. ' What accounts should be kept in a simple system of

farm bookkeeping ?
Ans . - Cash account ; expense account ; live stock account
and farm products account .
10. Give an outline of a suitable method of presenting
the first two or three lessons to a beginning class in book
keeping .
Ans. First , familiarizing business terms ; second , learn
the use of the daybook , journal and ledger ; third , learn to
determine the debits and credits .
MODERN HISTORY .
Answer any five .
1. What benefits does the student derive from the
study of history .
Ans . It adds to one's knowledge ; enlarges one's horizon ,
teaches lessons from the past , shows why empires arose and
fell, makes one wiser for the duties of citizenship in the
present .
STATE OF KANSAS 173
2. Define " absenteeism , ” “ The Reign of Terror , '

" divine right of kings . ”
Ans.- ( a) A term given to describe landlords who absent
themselves from their estates , and who give the manage
ment of their lands to factors . ( b ) The term which is given
to the culmination of the horrors in the French Revolution ,
( c ) A doctrine, now rapidly fading into the past , that
kings and emperors rule by divine right.
3. Associate important events with the following -named
persons : Wolfe Tone, Asquith , Secretary W. J. Bryan ,
Winston Churchill , Madame Curie .
Ans .— ( a ) Theobald Wolfe Tone was a noted Irishman
who took part in several movements against the British
government. He was captured while with a French fleet ,
was sentenced to be hanged , but commited suicide before the
day of execution . (b ) Herbert Henry Asquith is prime
minister of Great Britain . ( c ) W. J. Bryan , Secretary of
State in President Wilson's cabinet , has done the negotiat
ing relating to a number of treaties with foreign govern
ments . ( d ) First Lord of the Admiralty , Great Britain .
He directs the movements of the British fleet . ( e) Madame
Marie Sklodowska Curie , a native of Warsaw , the widow of
a Frenchman , himself a distinguished scientist , discovered
with her husband , radium and polonium .
4. Define “ pocket boroughs , " " redistribution bill ,”
militant suffragism . ”
Ans. ( a ) The name given to parliamentary boroughs ,
which were controlled by a landlord . ( b ) A term used in
relation to the more equitable distribution of members of
parliament . ( c ) A term applied to the movement in Great
Britain to obtain woman suffrage by violent methods if
deemed necessary .
5. What was the object in passing toleration acts in
1828 and 1829 affecting Protestant dissenters and Catholics ?
Ans .— The purpose was to place the country in harmony
with the growing belief that it
was unjust to exclude any
class of citizens from public office .
6. To what extent does woman suffrage prevail in Great
Britain and Ireland ?
Ans. - Women , subject to the same restrictions as men ,
all
can vote in except parliamentary elections

.
What was the East India Company

7.
Ans The English East India Company was organized

—
.
the reign
of
in
Queen Elizabeth was given monopoly

It
a
.
of the trade with the Indies and this held until the
it
,
Indian Mutiny 1857 when the government abolished the

in
company and thereafter governed India directly without

,
the intervention of any company .

8. How would you use literature in the teaching of mod
ern history ?
Ans Through histories the best fiction magazine arti
.--
,
eles and the biographies The
of
distinguished persons
.
school library should have
of
choice selection books relat
to a
ing directly indirectly history
or
,
.
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
.
Distinguish fixed stars and planets
1.
between
.
Ans Fixed stars are self shining bodies situated outside
.
-
-
The planets belong
to
of
of
the influence solar attraction
.
the solar system .
,
Explain divide water shed flood plain and delta
2.
,
-
.
Ans divide water shed or range of high land
a
is
,
,
A
.-
-
separating the basins two rivers and emptying its waters
into them of
flood plain is the low land
on
either side
A
.
-
along has been subject
or
stream which the
to
now
is
a
stream's overflow delta formed when stream emp

A
is
a
.
ties itself through several channels across its flood plain
.
-
Define plateau canyon mesa butte tableland and
3.
,
,
,
,
,
desert
.
of
plateau elevated portion
a an
Ans
of
the land wide
is is
AA
.
-
extent canyon narrow deep valley with steep and

.
precipitous high is
A
oftentimes sides mesa table land
,
a
-
.
usually small extent rising abruptly from surrounding

A of
a
,
plain tableland synonymous with plateau

is
desert
A
.
.
no
barren region having little

or
A
rainfall butte
anis
is
a
.
abrupt elevation larger hill but hardly
of
land than
a
large enough be called

to
mountain
a
earthquakes
ofof
What are the causes

4.
Ans The true causes earthquakes are not yet well

—
.
They may any one the following

be
of of
to
understood due
of : .
of
phenomena The giving way the roofs cavities the

in
the sudden breaking

of
interior the earth rocks under

;
great strain the sudden generation

. of
or
escape
-
steam
;
Explain how lakes were caused by glaciers

5.
Ans As glacier moves over the land some parts are

a
.
scooped out more deeply than other places When the

.
glacier disappeared these more deeply excavated portions

Or the moraine rubbish might
be
were filled with water

.
valley way
to
as
deposited across The

in
such choke
it
a
upper part the valley would thus become

of
lake
? a
.
6.
of
What are the causes ocean currents What

is
the
of
of
effect ocean currents upon the distribution commerce

on of ?
Ans — The currents

of
the ocean arise from the action

.
the great atmospheric currents which steadily blowing

,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 175
the surface of the ocean , drive its waters before them . Be

cause of the modification of the climate of extensive areas
of the earth's surface by ocean currents , products are
varied and extended , and industries are developed .
7. What are the causes of dew , frost , fog , rain , snow , and
hail ?
Ans . —When warm vapor - laden air comes in contact with
objects which are cool enough to reduce the temperature of
the air to the dew -point , condensation takes place and mois
ture is.collected on the objects . This moisture is called
dew . Ifthe temperature should continue to fall , the mois .
ture collected on blades of grass and other objects will
freeze . This is called frost . Clouds are made up of minute
particles of vapor . If the cloud is near the surface of the
earth we have fog . If condensation takes place , we have
rain , and if the temperature falls sufficiently to freeze the
particles of vapor , we have snow . When a cloud in which
raindrops are forming is at the same time cooled below 32
degrees , the drops are frozen into ice pellets and these fall
as hail.
8. Distinguish between tornadoes and hurricanes .
Ans. —Hurricanes are prevalent storms in tropical coun .
tries . They are whirling storms but the whirls are not so
extensive as the cyclonic storms of the temperate zone , but
much more violent in intensity . Tornadoes are sudden , vio :
lent , whirling storms , arising in connection with the cyclonio
storms of the temperate zone . Their path is usually narrow
and they are very destructive .
-
9. What are some of the barriers to transportation ?.
Ans . Great mountain ranges , extensive desert regions,
falls and rapids in navigable streams, and isthmuses and
capes are barriers to transportation . Modern engineering
methods have overcome or will overcome all such barriers
to transportation .
10. What are the causes of volcanoes ?
Ans. The following theories have been advanced to ac .
count for volcanoes : That the heat derived from the com
pressing and crushing of parts of the earth's crust by con
traction is sufficient to cause volcanic activity ; that the
deep - seated rocks are maintained in a solid state by pressure ,
hence the relief of pressure by the faulting and folding of
rocks would give rise to sufficient heat to account for vol .
canic action ; that water from the crust penetrates through
the sea - floor to the molten interior and the escaping steam
gives rise to the explosive phenomena of the volcano ; that
the radio activity of the rocks is a sufficient source of heat
to explain volcanic phenomena .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE - PHYSICS .

Auswer any five .
What physical measurements are made with the fol
.
1.
lowing units : foot , pound , second ?
Ans ( a ) A footpound is the work done by a force of
one pound working through a space of one foot . It is to
estimate the work done by a force on a body . The second
is used in measuring the speed of falling bodies ; also vi
bration of pendulum .
2. How do gases and liquids compare in compressibility ?
Ans . - Liquids are slightly compressible . Gases are high
· ly compressible .
3. flow much is the increase per second in the velocity
of a falling body ? What causes an apparent difference
in the acceleration of falling bodies of different weights ?
Ans . ( a ) The total distance covered proportional to is
the square of the number of seconds . In one second the
velocity of a falling body starting from rest is 32.16 feet ;
in 2 second twice this, in 10 seconds ten times as much .
The resistance offered by the air . The body which has the
smaller surface will fall the faster .
4. What are Newton's three laws of motion ?
its
Ans . — 1 Every body continues in
of
or
of
state rest
in
uniform motion straight line except far may
so
as
in
it
a
by impressed force
II be
to
compelled change that stațe
in , .
Change proportional the force applied
to
of
motion
is
and takes place the straight line

of
the direction
in
which the force acts III

To every action there always
is
an .
an
equal action opposite direction

in
Describe some practical application

of of
5.
the expansion
by heat
of
substances
.
Ans Spaces are left between the ends
of
iron rails
.-
railroad to permit
of
expansion hot weather

in
a
the pitch
of
What causes difference

in
6.
tones
a
Ans The difference in the number of vibrations made

—
.
by the body
in
second
a
produced ray sunlight when

of
7.
on
What effect
is
passes through prism

it
?
—
Ans The light refracted toward the thicker portion

is
.
of
the prism
.
Explain the electric dynamo

8.
Ans The dynamo moved by mechanical

—
is
machine
a
, .
means and adapted convert the power

of
motion into the

to
energy electricity For detailed description see any

of
. a
in .
standard text book physics

-
STATE OF KANSAS 177

1. Define anatomy, physiology , and hygiene . Which
would you emphasize in teaching ?
.-
Ans ( a ) Anatomy is the study of the form , structure
and location of organs . Physiology is the study of func
tions of living plants and animals. Hygiene is the study
of the laws and best conditions of health . ( b ) This is a
matter of individual opinion , perhaps the commonest being
that hygiene should receive the chief emphasis , with anat .
omy and physiology used as an introductory basis for the
hygiene.
2. Name the different kinds of cells , and describe their
structure .
Ans .- (a ) Epithelial cells , plain muscle cells , striped mus .
cle cells , red blood cells , pale blood cells , bone cells , cartilage
cells , connective tissue cells , nerve cells . ( b ) These cells
differ greatly in form and function , but are very similar in
structure , all being composed of protoplasm , the main part
of which forms the cell body , a small rounded portion within
the cell body forming the nucleus .
3. What foods are rich in protein , and what do they
supply to the human body ? What is Fletcherism ?
Ans. (a ) Eggs , lean meat, cheese , nuts, beans , peas and
cereals furnish the body with the needful nitrogen coin
pounds . ( b ) The doctrine of the thorough mastication of
food .
4. Why should we drink much water ? Name five unde
sirable effects of alcohol .
Ans . ( a ) To furnish the blood and lymph with plenty of
water for flushing out the wastes from the tissues . ( b)
Hardening the liver ; injuring the kidney tubules ; degener :
ating the muscles composing the heart ; hardening the
arteries ; deadening the best and stimulating the worst in
human character .
(
a) Give five rules
for
5. the preservation
of
health
How are tuberculosis and typhoid fever contracted and
b
(
)
prevented
( ?
.-
Ans Keep busy Keep clean Sleep eight hours

a
)
per day Eat plain food regular times Keep the Ten
at
by
.
Commandments By bacterial infection occasioned

b
(
)
.
by
breathing and swallowing dust swallowing contam

or
,
inated water or milk Prevented by destruction

of
the
.
by
sputum consumptive patient requiring him

of
to
eat
bya
,
by
and sleep himself destroying all discharges from the

;
typhoid patient and sterilizing pasteurizing suspected

or
foods
.
Mention four methods destroying harmful bacteria

of
6.
.
-
Ans . — By heat dry heat , steam , boiling or pasteurizing
temperatures ; by chemicals — formalin , carbolic acid , creolin ,
bichloride of mercury , etc.
7. Discuss location , shape , capacity , coats , openings, and
glands of the stomach .
Ans.- Location : Upper front portion of abdominal cav .
ity . Shape : A bent cone . Capacity : Two to three pints .
Coats : From within , out , the mucous , submucous , muscular
and serous . Openings : Entrance , the cardia ; exit , the
pylorus . Glands : In cardiac end the acid glands, in the
all
pyloric end mainly the pepsin glands — being tubular
glands the mucous membrane making gastric juice and
it in
pouring into the stomach
.
Doctor Mayo says that forty per cent
of
the intestinal
8.
by
troubles areated his hospital are caused
in
neglect
of
the
What will you your school
do
avert such con
in
to
teeth
a
.
dition
?
personal question for the applicant
be
This
It
could
is
a
.
alleviated by medical inspection making the toothbrush
popular developing pride ,
personal cleanliness including
in
a
,
of
cleanliness the teeth and the constant pervasive influ

,
.
the pupils observing the teacher's well kept beauti
of
ence
-
ful
'
teeth
(
.
Describe fully and state the use

of
9.
red corpuscles and

of
white corpuscles the blood

— .
of
Ans Red Corpuscles Origin Red marrow the
a
:
)
.
bones Shape Circular biconcave dise like Color Pale

,
,
.
:
-
yellowish red Structure Composed of spongy frame

a
:
.
.
work called the stroma within which reddish pigment
is is
a
called hemoglobin and around which transparent cell

is a
,
wall Nucleus Present when corpuscle forming

in
the
,
:
.
young infants and certain diseased persons

of
blood
in
,
.
thirty
to of
Size One two hundredth an inch wide Functions

-
-
:
:
.
To carry oxygen from the lungs bring

to
the tissues and

,
lungs
(
back carbondioxid gas from tissues White

to
b
)
.
Pale Corpuscles Origin spleen and lymphatic glands

In
or
Shape Globular when resting changeable

at
kernels
,
Structure Jelly
: :
(
)
.
other times Color Bluish transparent

.
.
:
.
no
like protoplasm with one

or
more nucleuses and cell wall

.
One twenty five hundredth

of
an
Size inch wide Func

-
-
:
.
To
tions kill bacteria heal cuts help form clots stop

to
,
,
:
bleeding
.
of
10
Discuss the hygiene the eye Name three defects

of :
.
the cye and give cause and remedy

(a .
Ans Keep dust and other foreign substances from

.
the eye Do not read light that too bright too dim
in
of is
( ,
,
.
too unsteady nor too much front the eyes Near

in
b
)
.
STATE OF KANSAS 179
sightedness is occasioned by an eyeball that is too long , and

remedied (
but not cured ) by the use of concave glasses .
Farsightedness is occasioned by an eyeball that is too short ,
and is remedied by convex glasses . A crossed eye is occa .
sioned by unbalanced recti muscles and may be cured by
strengthening the weak external rectus muscle or by a sur
gical operation .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Dissolute , summary , tentative , stupefy , subterranean ,
foreign , barrel , fertilize , annually , virulent , ballot , incredi
ble , suffrage , ancestor , respite, devastate , conveyance , nulli .
fy, fallible , brief , acquiesce , commissary , rosary , eliminate,
-
excel. ( Give credit of two for each word correctly spelled . )
2. Why is English orthography more difficult than that
of some other languages.
Ans . It is an open question whether English orthography
is more difficult than that of several other languages.
Foreigners find word like write , right , rite and weight
confusing .
3. Write the table of elementary sounds .
4. Make a list of five root words which are prolific
sources of derivatives, and write two derivatives from each .
Ans . - Man , manly , manliness , mankind ; love , lovely , love
ing ; joy , joyful, joyless, joyish ; cold , colder, coldly ; know ,
knowing , knowledge .
5. Define synonym and homonym and give three illus
trations of each .
Ans .- ( a) “One of two or more words ( of one language )
have the same or nearly the same meaning . '' Webster's
Secondary School Dictionary . Illustrations : Frame , devise ,
plan ; fraud , imposture , deceit ; peculiarity , characteristic ,
trait . ( b ) “ Any of two or more words alike in sound
but different in meaning . " Webster's .. Illustration :
bare , bear ; right , rite ; pear , pare .
6. Mark diacritically : greasy, isolate , ration , hospitable,
docile .
Ans . - For the applicant . See any dictionary .
AGRICULTURE .
1. Give four reasons why agriculture should be taught in
Kansas schools .
Ans.To make farm life easier . To make the farm more
productive and profitable . It has a tendency to hold the
boys and girls to the farm . It is a practical study.
2. What is humus ? How lost ? How restored ?

Ans .— Ilumus is decayed vegetable matter. By the con
tinuous growing of crops . It is restored by applying barn
yard manure , rotating crops , plowing under occasionally
à crop of clover or cowpeas , and also by applying com
mercial fertilizers .
3. How would you demonstrate the transpiration of water
from a plant ?
Ans . Take a leaf with a good petiole ; pass the petiole
through a piece of cardboard resting on a tumbler
invert another tumbler over the leaf and observe the mois
water of
ture on the inverted tumbler .
4. Describe fully a perfect ear of seed corn . Name the
states in the corn belt .
Ans . — The ear should be nearly cylindrical and should
The butt and tip
its
taper uniformly throughout length
.
should be well filled
-
Give five reasons why the wheat crop
of
5.
is
one the
most important
in
Kansas How can Kansas increase her

.
yield per acre

?
—
peculiarly adapted wheat growing
to
Ans The soil
is
.
;
adapted
of
the climate the surface the land favors
to
is
it;
easily produced and easy By proper

to
market
is
it
it
;
.
the soil crop rotation and by the judicious use
of
of
care
,
fertilizers
.
Describe chinch bug and Hessian fly and give pre

6.
ventative measures for each

.
—
The.chinchbug when adult
an
of
Ans about one sixth
is
-
.
inch long grayish color The young are red

or
Blackish
.
.
The bugs which survive the winter lay their eggs early
in
spring They rarely use their wings migrating hence

in
a
.
furrow plowed around field which coal tar placed

in
is
a
be
or
will largely preventative burning old stalks rub

a
bish and also the use the chinch bug cholera will aid
of
The Hessian fly small black two winged fly which

a
is
hatches from eggs deposited the early September pre

in
the wheat plant near its roots

to on
vious The preventa

,
, .
plow under the stubble keep down vol

or
tive burn
is
unteer wheat and postpone sowing until after September

20
.
What
of of
the value fertilizer constituents

in
7.
? is
one
In
of
ton butter one ton wheat

?
Ans One ton

of
butter contains about four pounds

of
.-
nitrogen one pound phosphorus and one half pound potas

;
with nitrogen pound

at
phosphorus
,
at
sium which 15c

;
a
,
pound would
be
one cent potassium two cents worth about

a
;
sixty cents about forty seven

of
ton wheat contains

A
-
.
nitrogen eight pounds phosphorus eight

of
pounds
of
;
;
STATE OF KANSAS 181
pounds of potassium , worth about seren dollars and seventy

five cents .
8. Name and describe four leading breeds of dairy cattle ,
and give characteristics of each . What are two good mix
tures for milk production ?
Ans . - Jersey , Holstein , Guernsey and Ayrshire. The Jer
sey is usually gray or fawn-colored with black noses . The
Holstein is spotted , black and white . They are larger
than other breeds . The milk is light in color . The Guern
sey is usually yellow or orange in color with flesh -colored
noses . Similar in many respect to the Jersey , but slightly
larger . The Ayshire is red , brown or white , is quite large,
they can put on a good supply of meat , hence a dual pur
pose cow . A mixture of Holstein and Jersey would be
good .
9. What value has live stock farming in keeping up soil
fertility ? 'Name and describe four leading breeds of beef
cattle .
Ans . — Live -stock farming allows a means of restoring to
the soils the fertilizing elements , which the growing crops
remove , by the manure . The Durham , Hereford , Angus ,
Galloway . The Durhams , sometimes called shorthorn , are
red , white or red and white . The llerefords are whitefaced ,
with thick curly hair . The Angus are black and hornless .
The Galloway is also black with a curly coat of long hair .
10. Describe seed , seed bed , and culture of potatoes ,
using mulching .
Ans . — The seed should be carefully selected from the best
yielding plants , should be perfect in form and true to type.
The seed bed should be stirred deep and well pulverized.
They should be cultivated from three to five times, accord
ing to season and rainfall and kept free from weeds .
Mulching is rarely necessary .
PRINCIPLES AND METIIODS OF TEACHING .

1. Mention three difficulties which a teacher may en
counter in a rural community and give suggestions for over .
coming them .
Ans . - An inadequately equipped schoolhouse ; severity of
the weather ; irregular attendance; e -lucation of the board
and people as to the first ; well -warmed covered wagons as
to the last .
2. What are the essential features which should be in
cluded in a building for a rural school employing one
teacher ?
Ans . - Neatness of plan , satisfactory heating ; a small
recitation room attached or included .
3. Why is
the teaching agriculture and domestic science
advocated for rural schools ?
Ans. —
Because agriculture is the occupation of nearly
all
the people and great importance that the treat
of
it
is
,
ke
given
of
soils and crops scientific way
in
ment should
.
taught
be
that the highest possi
so
Domestic science should
of
the art cooking and
be
ble excellence should attained
doin
,
every other art which has with comfort and hap
to
in
piness in the home
.
What difference vital and format
4.
is
the between
teaching
?
Ans Vital teaching gets into the heart and relates

-
:
.
knowledge life exclusively by the

to
Formal teaching
is
rattling .
dry bones Vital teach
of
book and often but
is
a
,
a .
by
ing
no
means ignores books but
to
not slave them
is is
it
,
in .
What the remedy for
5.
is
the cause and what

accuracy the work teachers of
in
?
—
Inaccuracy
be
Ans accur
to
is
due laziness One can

if .
.
ate one will take pains When for instance the teacher
,
.
·
quoting
be
he
or
that the
in
she should sure advance
is
quotation accurate No inaccurate work should be ac

is
cepted any class

Is_in
.
6.
in
expression
of
spontaneity desirable children
?
be
Why How may encouraged How repressed

it
?
?
.--
Ans Within reasonable limits yes but sometimes spon

,
taneity runs wild and should be checked and curbed The
.
should always feel free ask pertinent
to
student however
,
questions give information which bears directly

to
and
,
the subject before the class

on
.
In
teaching the common branches grammar

7.
in
g
e
,
.,
of .
ex
the pupil's
be
and arithmetic what use should made

,
perience
?
Ans great deal He may bring much from beyond

in
A
.
.
-
in
the way
of
the schoolroom problems and language which

of
. be
contribute the common stock

to
to
should made
knowledge
why verbal memory
of
doubtful value the

in
8.
is
Show
teaching geography
of
.--
Ans The literal reproduction
in
of
the matter the text

The pupil should taught
be
of
not
to
book much value

is
reproduce from his study and his own language what

in
,
he has learned
in
in
or
the text other books

.
the disadvantage
of
9.
What mphasizing tech

is
over
nique
-e
teaching writing
— in
Ans Writing that thought may

so
be
ex
learned
in is
.
paper This fact may

on
pressed legible manner

neat
a
lost sight
Le
the pupil's attention

of
fixed exclusively
if
is
STATE OF KANSAS 183
on the manner of learning writing

10. What is the benefit of periods of relaxation in school
room government ?
Ans . —After such periods the children return to their
work with cheerfulness and renewed mental strength . If
the period is spent in the open air so much the better , for
then fresh , invigorating air is taken into the lungs.
LITERATURE .
1. What is the relation between reading and literature ?
Through reading
be
.--
Ans easy
to
should lead children
it
be
to
the best literature The extracts can talked about
;
.
the beautiful passages pointed out and the author's life
,
and style may made topics for composition
be
to .
by
What incident history suggested you
in
is
2
the
.
expression Make way for liberty

!?
,
“
'
Ans Arnold Winkelried the Swiss peasant who broke
.--
,
,
the Austrian phalanx Sempach July

of of
the battle
at
1386
9,
.
What are the characteristics Victor Hugo's style
3.
?
Ans Intensely dramatic sometimes almost explosive
in
;
.
-
expression condensed forceful always interesting

;
.
Besides the Gettysburg oration what other writings
4.
of Lincoln have you read

?

.
How would you give your pupils love for the best
5.
literature
?
Ans.By directing their attention beautiful passages

to
by
prose and poetry and great books lending thein

in
to
,
books from my own library

.
How does Benjamin Franklin's style compare with

6.
If
of
that Alexander Hamilton there are essential differ

?
ences why
?
,
Franklin's style was far simpler than that llam

of
Ans
-
.
ilton and the small Saxon word always prominent Ilam

is
,
style
It
ilton's ponderous but strong seems to be

is
writing
on
founded Dr. Samuel Johnson's

.
Was Franklin's knowledge printing
-
to
help
of
7.
him
a
in
the study
of
literature How
?
?
It
Ans was gave him working knowledge punc

of
It
.
a
.
tuation grammar and made him familiar with many com

,
positions of superior kind

a
Name important acts showing his value

of
8.
Franklin
,
to
the colonies
.
getting the Stamp Act repealed

he
.--
Ans He helped
in
;
for
was prominent advocating plans

of
union the colonies

in
Europe during the Revo

ħe
represented colonial interests

in
he
on
lution and was the committee which drafted the

;
Declaration of Independence .
you
of of
9. Name five books students
to
would recommend
literature for the acquisition simple pleasing style
of
a
,
writing
.
plays the writings
of
Ans.-- Shakespeare's Addison
in
;
,
the Spectator Franklin's autobiography the Pilgrim's
;
Progress Washington Irving's books David Copper
' ;
of
field Don Quixote There are scores others
. ,
.”
.
'
by
10 Name three ways which students can acquiro
facility writing
in
.
Ans Keeping diary journal letter writing
or
con
;
a
.-
-
stant study of
great books study synonyms daily
of
;
a
;
practice
.
READING
a .
Tell how you would teach beginner the sound and
1.
three different phonograms which may properly
be
of
use
a of
introduced within the first few weeks the school term
.
Ans would teach them first that letter may repre
.
I
sent several different sounds for instance that the sound oo

;
of
of
rule different from the name the letter
in
in
is
;
u
a
strap from that pin from the
of
of
the letter and
in
a
;
i
letter
i.
Tell how you would accomplish the following with

2.
; a
primary class the child's vocabulary
of
enlargement
(a
)
:
good vocal expression

(b
.
)
as
possible
be
as
Ans Let new words added often

a
.
(
)
.
to
Let the child be encouraged bring words
) to
the class from

the home and elsewhere Constant drill alone will suc
b
.
(
ceed
3. .
What does good interpretation require reader be

in
a
the correct pronunciation

of
sides words
?
Ans.A reading thoughts

of
of
true the the author

.
How may the proper inflection force and quality

be
4.
study any given

of
What as
in
determined the selection

?
gained from mechanical rules

be
sistance may
?
Ans By noting under the careful and sympathetic guid

of .
ance the teacher where the thought requires particular

inflections Mechanical rules are valuable but must al
it
.
proper
be
ways remembered that the rules are derived from

a
of
reading the selections

.
reading and give some prac

to as
Define force
in
5.
used
suggestion Illustrate by ref
as
tical variation force

in
or .
some selection which you have recently read

to
erence
studied
.
Ans The energy used Force should be

in
utterance
-
.
which the reading

to
adapted must
in
It
is
the room done

.
STATE OF KANSAS 185
of course be greater in a hall than in a small room . Reading

must not be too loud nor too low , Illustration : For the
applicant .
6. What is the difference , if any , between reading and
literature as branches of study ?
Ans. — There should be none in the higher grades . In the
lower grades much more attention must be given to the
mechanics of reading .
7. Mention one advantage and one disadvantage in con
cert reading .
Ans . - Advantage : It gives the timid child confidence.
Disadvantage : Individual mistakes are not noted in the
general recital .
8. How may the teacher increase the value of the mental
discipline to be gained from the study of reading ?
Ans . By constant teaching of the value of habit in
study ; the value of concentration , and of thought -analysis
9. AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL .
O beautiful for heroes proved

In liberating strife ,
Who more than self their country loved ,
And mercy more than life !
America ! America !
May God thy gold refine ,
Till all success be nobleness ,
And every gain divine !
O beautiful for patriot dream

That sees beyond the years
Thine alabaster cities gleam
Undimmed by human tears !
America ! America !
God shed His grace on thee
And crown thy good with brotherhood
From sea to shining sea !
-Katherine Lee Bates .
( 1 ) Find at least one expression which is used in a figur .
ative sense and explain the meaning . ( 2 ) What achievement
of man does the poet mention which has made America beau .
(
tiful ? 3) Select five words or expressions which refer to
desirable human qualities . ( 4 ) Give common equivalents for
the following expressions : liberating strife ; thy gold re
fine ; patriot dream ; beyond the years ; alabaster cities . ( 5 )
( a ) Give brief directions for reading this selection aloud.
( 6 ) State in your own words the poet's desire for America

as expressed in these two stanzas .
Ans .-
( 1 ) “ May God thy gold refine . " May thy wealth
be consecrated to noble uses . ( 2 ) The freeing people of
from bondage . ( 3) Nobleness , brotherhood , liberating ,
heroes , beautiful . ( 4 ) Struggle for freedom ; consecrate thy
rịches ; patriotic ideals ; in the distant future ; an ideal
cit
.
izenship
be
an
( a It
should read emotional rever
in
,
5
is a
(
(
it )
)
, .
really prayer and the reading should
. be
ent way for
,
prayerful spirit May America excel those qual
in
in
b
a
)
.
ities which lead national life and living
in
to
nobleness
.
.
of
1.
Discuss the threefold function seeds
.
of
The threefold function seeds are The seed
is
a
of a 1
:
is (
)
storage house for
the embryo protection for
It
2
(
)
.
the embryo the dispersal the plant
It
aids in
3
(
)
.
, .
Define the following kinds
of
Parasitic prop
2.
roots
,
:
clinging aerial adventitious
,
,
Parasitic roots are those processes which some plants
byde
.
velop and which relate them some other living plant
. to
deriving nourishment therefrom Prop roots are those roots

prop stems wide spreading branches Cling
or
developed
to
.
ing roots are those roots developed fasten the plant body
to
some support and no work

do
absorption
of
Aerial
to
.
roots are those roots which grow above ground and obtain
moisture from the air Adventitious roots are those roots
.
proper usual place

or
of
out
.
Define and give examples underground stem root

3.
of
.
stock bulb and tuber
;
,
An underground stem such

as
of
the stem the common

,
ferns stem that never appears above ground

is
and
a
,
the foliage leaves come directly from root stock such

A
it
,
.
elongated stem and prob

an
as
of
Solomon's Seal
is of is
is
,
ably the most common the subterranean forms bulb

A
,
.
the lily
as
type
of
of
such that subterranean stem made

a
,
up
scale leaves which have become fleshy The ordinary

of
of .
potato may an illustration

be
as
taken the tuber type

stem and the joints are further apart than
inof
subterranean
,
the bulb type

.
grafting and
of
What the relation the cambium

to
4.
is
budding
?
inserting the scion into the cleft care should

be
Ans
In
,
.
see that the cambium layer

, to
of
taken the stock and scion

on
full
as
of
or
at
coincide least one side these cells are

,
active protoplasm and are the chief growing cells

of
tho
stem
.
STATE OF KANSAS 187
5. Describe the process of photosynthesis .

The process of photosynthesis is not certainly known . It
appears that the carbonic acid is by some means reduced ,
perhaps first to formic acid and later to the simplest carbo
hydrate, formaldehyde . In the course of this reduction , a
molecule of oxygen is set free and appears as a by -product .
6. What are the different means of reproduction in plant
life ?
Ans. — The different means of reproduction plant life in
are , vegetable cell division , conjugation of cells , formation
of spores , and the formation of seeds .
7.Describe the process of fertilization .
In
,
the process of fertilization , should the egg be enclosed
in a case the sperm enters the case by a special opening
and fuses with the egg . The egg is a non -motile , while the
sperm has the power of movement and is thus able to find
by
its
way attraction the case opening The egg may

to
.
be free or enclosed
.
the seed group
of
Give the characteristics plants
of
8.
.
The most prominent characteristic the seed group
of
of : of
plants the production
of
Other characteristics are

is
seeds
.
hidden and the production

be
or
The seed may may not

flowers some groups
in
Give some examples monoctyls

of
9.
Examples monoctyls are corn grass lily orchid Jack

of
the pulpit and the cat tail flag

in
.
-
of
10. Trace the development plants

in in
sex
.
Sexual reproduction first appears the volvocales Cer

.
tain cells form numerous zoospore like cells which escape

-
and fuse pairs These cells are called gametes and the
in
The origin
of
fusion these like gametes called isogamy

is
, .
found with the origin

is of
of
sex these gametes and isogamy

is
In
the simplest form sexuality higher forms the

of
,
.
pairing becomes dissimilar and hence the condition called

is
heterogamy In the passing from isogamy heterogamy

to
.
there differentiation All of the higher plants

of
sex
is
a
are heterogamous
.
MUSIC
.
Write the scale names and the pitch names

of
1.
scale
a
Ans What some teachers call

—
scale names others

"
.
prefer to call numeral names Numeral names major

, of
.
and minor scale tones ascending order One two three

,
,
,
:
four five six seven eight Pitch names vary with the
,
,
in ,
key and minor with the scale form major

B
A
E, : C
,
,
,
:
.
minor primitive scale

A.
sharp sharp sharp

E, F
, E
A
C D
G ,
,G
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
harmonic scale
A
A
B
B
A
D
D
,
F
;
,
,
C,
,
:
F, G sharp , A ; melodic scale : A , B , C , D , E , F

sharp ,
G sharp , A.
2 . Write the key signatures of each of the nine keys
-
commonly sung in public - school music .
F
.
3. Write the scale of D in both the G and the clef .
4. Define : ( a ) measure ; ( b ) bar .
Ans (a ) A group of pulses ( beats ) including on
chief regular accent .( b ) A vertical line across the staff .
Sometimes , as an aid to reading , bars are continued from
staff to staff as well as across the staffs of a brace .
5. Illustrate the following : Hold , whole note , half
rest , quarter rest, double sharp , cancel, repeat , F
clef , six
-
teenth note , grace note .
6. What is an interval ? Name a very frequent one and
an infrequent one .
Ans .- ( a) The . pitch relation between two tones . ( b)
Major third , diminished third .
-
7. Distinguish between a folk song and a folk tune .
Ans . Both originate commonly among the people
folk song including words and melody , the folk tune being
the
,
a melody only .
.
8. Name three songs appropriate to use for opening
exercises .
Ans ( a ) Come , Thou Almighty King . ( 6 ) My Country ,
' tis of Thee . ( c ) There's Music in the Air .
WRITING .
1. How much of each lesson should be given , to drill
work ?
Ans. That will depend upon the degree of advancement .
Perhaps one -third or one -fourth , or in some cases the whole
period .
2. Discuss counting and its value .
Ans . It makes it possible to do so much in a given time ,
and for the class to work in concert .
3. How do you obtain the correct slant in writing ?
Ans . From the manual in use .
4. Write three lines of connected small m's , four to
a oup three groups to a line .
5. Write one verse of “ America " as a specimen of your
own handwriting .
Ans . — For the applicant .
3
STATE OF KANSAS 189
October 30 and 31 , 1914 .

ARITHMETIC .
1. Describe a method of teaching a primary pupil the
significance of an abstract number ; e. g ., the number 7.
Ans . - By using objects together with the number sym .
bols the pupil may be taught after while to substitute the
symbols for the objects in his thinking . Thus he will gain
an idea of an abstract number .
2. How would you teach addition to a beginner ; e. g .,
7 +5
Ans . — First by the use of objects such as sticks , beans ,
corn , or pictures , the pupil can count out two groups, one
of seven objects and one of five . He can begin with the
seven objects and count touching one at a time the firo
objects . Thus, seven , eight , nine , ten , eleven , twelve . Seven
sticks and five sticks are twelve sticks . At the same timo
the figures may be written on the board thus , 7 + 5 = 12,
and recited .
3. Define addition and subtraction in terms which a
young child would understand ; i . e., using terms suitable
for a class of beginners.
Ans . - When we find out how many marbles John would
have if James should give him some of his , we call it addi
tion . When we find out how many marbles John would
have left if he should give part of his to James , we call it
subtraction .
4. Show how the subject of interest should be developed ,
explaining the terms , principal , rate , time , and interest .
terest is paid.
Ans .— The principal is the sum of money upon which in
The rate is the number of hundredths of
the principal for one year . The time is the time for which
the principal draws interest . The interest is the money paid
for the use of the principal . It is usually a certain per cent
of the principal per year . In developing the subject of
,
interest teach first that a year's interest is the given per
cent of the principal . Second , that the interest for any
time can be found by multiplying one year's interest by the
time expressed in years . The method should be taught of
finding first one year's interest , then the interest for the
whole years , and the interest for the months and days as
parts of a year's interest , and finally adding the several
parts. Also the computing of interest by the 6 % method
and some of the convenient modifications of that method .
It is not best to divide the subject up into the so -called
cases . The relations of interest are fully expressed in a
single equation . Thus ,
npt
100
5. Why must fractions be reduced to a common denom
inator in addition and subtraction ? Why not in multiplica
tion and division ?
Ans .-- Fractions must first be reduced to a common de
nominator before they can be added or subtracted because
otherwise each fraction would have a differect fractional
unit . Fractions which are to be added or compared to
ascertain how much larger one is than the other must have
the same measure of value . In multiplication or in division
of fractions the fractions are not compared or combined .
tſence there is no necessity for having them stated in a
common unit .
6. How may the study of arithmetic be related to the
pupils ' experience in such a way as to make it of practical
z alue ?
Ans . - Arithmetic may be made of fractional value to the
pupil ( 1 ) by making it serve the pupil's needs — such as
checking up game scores ; ( 2 ) by using problems which
relate to facts and experiences with which he is familiar.
7. A man has a dairy that produces milk averaging 3.75
per cent butter fat during a certain month . The butter fat
weighs 787 } pounds . How many pounds of milk are pro
duced 8
Solution : We have given the rate , 3.75 per cent, and the
percentage , 7871 pounds. It is required to find the base .
Base X rate = percentage .
Base X .0375 7871 .
Base 7871 < .0375
: 21,000 .
Therefore 21,000 lbs . of milk were produced .
8. Express in bushels the volume of a bin 6 ft. by 4 ft.
by 3 ft. 61 in ., allowing 2,150 cu . in . to the bushel .
Solution :
72 x 48 x 421
= 68.3 bu .
2150
9. If a gallon of water weighs 10 168. , and a cubic foot
of water weighs 1,000 ozs ., how many gallons are there in
a cistern which contains 16 cu . ft . ?
Solution :
16 X 1,000 078. = 16,000 ozs . , wt. of water in cistern .
16,000 ozs . = 1,000 lbs .
1,000 lbs .• 10 lbs . = 100 .
Therefore the cistern contains 100 gallons .
STATE OF KANSAS 191
10. A piece of brick work 279 fect long is completed in

21 days . At this rate how long would it take to complete a
piece twice as high and 651 feet long ?
Solution :
179 : 651
:: 21 : 2
1 : 2
651 X 2 X 21
98
279
Hence , it will take 98 days to complete the work under

the conditions named .
ALGEBRA .
1 and 2.What application is made in algebra of the fol
lowing axioms : Adding the same number to equal quanti
ties does not change the equality . Multiplying two equal
quantities by the same number does not change the equality .
Things equal to the same thing equal each other .
Ans . The first axiom enables one to transpose a negative

term from one side of the equation to the other . The second
axiom enables one to clear an equation of fractions , to pre
pare simultaneous equation for elimination by addition or
subtraction , and to change the signs of
all
to in
the terms both

the equation The third axiom enables one
of
sides form
.
equation
of
an
in
the solution problem

a
Explain the meaning positive and negative

in of
and
. 4.
3
quantities signs
of
Give the law addition subtraction

,
multiplication and division

,
Ans negative quantity opposite quality pos

to
is
in
a
A
-
.
itive quantity Thus the right positive

to
if
distance
is
,
,
.
negative assets are positive

If
then distance the left

to
is
,
.
then liabilities are negative The negative number when

of .
combined with positive the same absolute value will

a
just two forces acting directly opposite direc

as
annul
in
it,
tions tend to annul each other The negative number

is
.
denoted by prefixing the minus adding two

In
sign
.
(
numbers both numbers are positive the sum will be posi

if
,
negative
be
tive both numbers are negative the sum will

if
;
;
one number positive and one negative the sum will

if
is
have the sign the larger absolute value

of
Since subtract
.
ing negative number equivalent adding positive

is
to
a
a
number of the same absolute rule , and since subtracting a

positive number is equivalent to adding a negative number
of the same absolutē value, every problem in subtraction
may be changed into a problem in addition by adding the
subtrahend with
its
sign changed
If
to
the minuend both
.
multiplicand and multiplier have the same sign the product
,
positive positive and the other negative
be
will
is
If
one
,
.
the product will
, be
If
negative both dividend and divisor
.
have the same sign the quotient will positive
If
be
is
one
.
positive and the other negative the quotient will negative
be
,
.
5.
:
btc
—
−
+
1
6
b
b
a
a
c
c
(
)
(
)
(
)
-
-
+
b
a
c
(
).
-
xbway5 :-( 24
x3y x2y2 xy8y4
+
+
2
(
(
)
)
.
Solution
:
ca
−
bc+
+
1
1
b
= b
b
a
c
-
(
)
(
)
(
+ )(
)
- (
)
(
)
ctam 22—62_ac 62-22 abtac

+
+ (
02-02 bctab
=
0
-
255 x22
x4
x3y xy8
+
y
2
1
)
(
(
.
-
-
6.
4-4
5x
2-
1
2
(
2,
)
(
)
-
3x26x
+
2
9
(
)
Solution
:
3-4 244 52—4-1

5x
5x
—
2-
+
1
4
(
)
(
+2 )
1 ) (
68–6
43
2x +
12 (
)
) (
=
+
1
x
(
)
.
3x2–63 x2–2x
+
=
+
2
3
.
(
)
)
Find the
of
The sum numbers

is
three consecutive 39.

7.
numbers
.
Solution
:
Let the first number

i
the second number

+
Then
x
1
STATE OF KANSAS 193
And x + 2 the third number

And x + + 1 + 3 + 2 = their sum .
But 39 - their sum .
Hence x + + 1 + 3 + 2 = 39 (1 )
Transposing and collecting terms in ( 1)

3. = 36 {2 )
Divide (2 ) by 3
= 12 (3 )
Therefore the first number is 12 , the second is 12 + 1 or
13 , and the third is 13 + 1, or 14
8. Solve for so:
C
( 1) 5+ 5 + - = + 12
1 4
4
( 2) + 2
12 7
Solution :
---
:](
---
( 1) +
1
{+
)
(
23
)
+
+
Multiplying out
in
1
)
(
r2
+
12
25
+
2
2
(
)
4
Collecting terms transposing and changing signs

in
2
,
(
)
13
9
+
2
(
)
1
(
)
12
by
Multiply
-
12
—1
7
x
—x
+(
–
(
)
)
42 )
(
63
48
+
16x 16.
*2
= 2x2 383 +.168 (2)
6x 57 (3 )
Divide ( 3 ) by 6
L= 91 .
9. Solve the following :
a22 — B2y = a + b .
ba — ay = . -1
Solution :
a2.c — b2y = a + b ( 1)
bu — ay = -1 (2)
Multiply ( 1 ) by b , and ( 2 ) by a2
a2b8 .637 = ab +62 (3)

a2b3 - a3y a2
Subtract ( 4 ) from ( 3 )
( a3 -33 ) y = 22 + ab + 62 (5)
Divide ( 5 ) by ( as — 63 )
+62
-
a2 + ab
( 6)
a3 03
Simplify right member in ( 6 )
y
a
1
ъ
(7)
Substitute value of y in ( 2 )
a
bac = -1 (8)
a D
Transpose
a
bx 1 (9)
STATE OF KANSAS 195
-B
Collect terms in right member of ( 9)
-
b
-
a a+b
0.3 or ( 10 )
a 0 a b
Divide ( 10 ) by B
.1
=a -
1 1
Therefore a and y
a 5
10. A train runs 100 miles in the same time that a second
train , whose rate is 3 } miles an hour less , runs 90 miles .
Find the rate of each train
Solution :
Let x = No. miles per hour of first train
100
Then - No. hours to travel 100 miles
And 3 —3 } = No. miles per hour , second train
90
And
- 33
= No . hours to travel 90 miles .
Then since time of first train to travel 100 miles equals

time of second to travel 90 miles , we have the equation ,
100 90
( 1)
Multiply ( 1 ) by ( 2 — 33
-33 )
100x — 333 } = 904 (2)
10.3 333 } (3)
Divide ( 3 ) by 10
333 (4)
Therefore the rate of the first train is 33 } miles per hour

and the rate of the second is 30 miles per hour .
BOOKKEEPING .
1. Journalize :
Sept. 1. J. O. Boone began business with assets
and liabilities as follows :
ASSETS .
Cash . . $ 3,000
Stock of mdse . 2,000
Store building 2,500
Office furniture 100
Note of O. B. Lee . 500
LIABILITIES .
Note to 0. C. Cole .. . $ 1,000
Owes A. B. Smith on account . 800
Cash $ 300000
Mdse . 200000
Real Estate 250000
Furniture 10000
Bills Receivable 50000
To J. O. Boone $8100 00
J. O. Boone 180000
To Bills Payable 1000 100
To A. B. Smith 800 00
2. Give your method of teaching the general rules for

debit and credit .
Ans . — Simply show that everything coming into the busi
ness is debited and everything disposed of is credited .
3-10 . Rule a ledger ( or use ruled paper ) , copy the fol- •
lowing accounts , make trial balance , business and financial
statements , and close the ledger.
PROPRIETOR .
Sept. 30 ... $ 100 | Sept. 1. . $ 5,000
MERCHANDISE .
Sept. 1. .$ 2,000 Sept. 3 . $ 100
2. 1,000 4. 200
6. 500 8 300
16 . 700 10 . 400
27 100 12 . 200
EXPENSE .
Sept. 2 .. $50
5. 40 1
REAL ESTATE .
Sept. 1. $ 1,500 | Sept.
INTEREST .
30 ..... ..... $500
Sept. 20 . $3 | Sept. 30 ..
STATE OF KANSAS 197
LOSS AND GAIN .
CASH .
Sept. 1 .. . $ 1,500 2 ..
Sept. $ 50
8. 300 5. 40
12 . 100 6 ... 300
27 . 100 20 . 503
30 . 402 24 . 400
30 . 100
BILLS RECEIVABLE .
Sept. 3.
10 .
$ 100 Sept. 27
30 .
... $ 100
400
400
24 . 500
0. B. JONES .
Sept. 4 .. $200 Sept. 27 .... $ 100
12 . 100
8 |
BILLS PAYABLE .
Sept. 20 . $500 Sept. 2 . $500
6. 200
16 ... 500
J. 0. STEELE .
Sept. 29 .... $ 400 Sept. 2 . $ 500
16 . 200
THE INVENTORIES ARE :
Merchandise . $ 2,500
Expense ...
Real estate
30
1,000
PROPRIETOR .
Sept. 301 100100 ||Sept. 11 15000100
Sept. 30 Net loss 661 00
30 Pres . worth 14239/00
50001001 5000100
Oct. 1Pres . worth || 4239100

MERCHANDISE .
Sept. 11 ||
112000| 00 Sept . 3 100100
2 10001001 4 200100
6 5001001 8 300100
16 ) 7001001 10) 40000
27 1001001 12 200100
30 Iny't 2500100
30 Loss 600100
---
|4300100 4300100
Oct. 1 Inv't 25001001

EXPENSE .
Sept. 21 50 |00 || Sept. |30 | Inv't 30100
5) 40100 130 Loss 60100
901001 9000
EL =
Oct. 1 Iny't 3010011
REAL ESTATE .
Sept. 11 | [ 1500 |00 ||Sept . 301 500100
Sept.30 Inv't 1000000
11 1500100
=
|1500100
Oct. 1 Inv't 11000100)

INTEREST .
Sept.201 31001 Sept. 301 2100
Sept. 30 Loss 1100
31001 3100
LOSS AND GAIN .

Sept.130 / Expense ||
60 |00 Sept.130 | Proprietor 661/00
30 Mdse . 6001001
30 Interest 11001
6611001 661100
CASH .
Sept./ 1 1500100|| Sept . 21 50100
8 3001001 5 40100
12 1001001 6 300100
27 1001001 20 503100
130 402100 124 400100
301 100100
Sept.130 Balance 1009100
24021001 2402100
Oct. 1 Balance 10091001

BILLS RECEIVABLE .
Sept. 31 100 |00 | | Sept.271 100100
10 40010011 1301 400100
24 500 |00 | | Sept. | 30 |Balance 500100
-11
STATE OF KANSAS 199
10001001 11000100

0. B. JONES .
Sept. 4 200 |00 || Sept.271 100100
12 1001001 Sept. 30 Balance 200100
300100 300100

BILLS PAYABLE .
Sept.201 500 | 00 ||Sept. 21 500100
Sept. 30 Balance 7001001 6 200100
116) 500100
1200100 1200100
=
J. 0. STEELE .
Sept.291 ||
400 |00 Sept . 21 500100
Sept. 30 Balance 3001001 Sept. 16 200100
7001001 700100
1Oct. 1 Balance 300100

TRIAL BALANCE .
Proprietor 100 1
Mdse . 4300 100 1200 100
Expense 90 | 00
Real estate 150000 500 100
Interest 3 00 200
Cash 2402 00 1393 | 00
Bills receivable 100000 500 00
O. B. Jones 300 1 00 10000
Bills payable 500 100 120000
J. O. Steele 400 00 700 100
Total resources 5239 00

Total liabilities 100000
Proprietor's present worth 4239 00
Proprietor's net credit 490000

Proprietor's net loss 661 00
Proprietor's present worth 4239 | 00

1. What are the causes of the seasonal changes on the
earth ? What general effects do these changes have upon
life in the different zones ?
Ans .- The seasonal changes are due to the inclination of
the axis and the earth's revolution around the sun . Sea
sonal changes are less marked in the tropical and arctic
regions than they are in the temperate zone . Consequently
the types of plants and animals which are found in the
tropical zone require the continuous summer and those of
the arctic zone likewise require the cold . But the temper
ate zone plants and animals are able to endure the extreme
changes from hot summers to cold winters , or , as in the
case of many plants , are able to grow and mature within
the summer season .
2. Give three illustrations of physiographic features mod
ifying industries or transportation , etc. , in Kansas . Do the
same for the United States .
Ans.The soil and climate of Central Kansas are well
oil
suited to wheat growing .
of
The coal , gas and the
part the state are the basis great indus
of
of
southeastern for
tries Building stone material cement and clay for
,
.
brick and tile are similarly the basis many industries of
.
The iron and steel business of the United States has been
greatly modified by the great lakes which have furnished
,
cheap transportation for the ore from Northern Minnesota

Pennsylvania
of
the coal fields The beds iron ore

of
to
close proximity
a of
and
in
in in
coal Alabama have made pos

sible great industrial center the South The climate
,
.
water for irrigation have made pos

of
soil and abundance

,
,
of
sible the transformation Southern California from bar

a
ren desert into the great orange growing section that it

-
now
is
.
By
by
humidity relative humidity

3
What
is
meant
.
, ?
When the relative humidity high what change weather

in
is
conditions might produce rain

?
Ans Humidity the atmosphere as

it of
the condition
is
.-
Relative
of
relates the amount moisture contains

to
humidity
of
to
the ratio moisture present that which the

is
at
that temperature
is
If
air hold the relative

to
able
.
humidity high lowering the temperature might pro

of
is
a
,
duce rain because the point

of
saturation would soon he

,
That the relative humidity would become 100

is
reached
,
.
per cent
.
How are icebergs formed Explain why icebergs

so
4.
?
STATE OF KANSAS 201
frequently interfere with shipping in the North Atlantio
-
Ocean . ( Include here both origin and causes of movement .)
Ans . in the Far North the country is covered with ice ,
which , creeping slowly down the slopes , gathers in the val .
leys into wide and deep masses that not only come down to
sea - level, but actually push their way out to sea in vast
walls of ice . From time to time portions of these great
ice -tongues break off and float out into the open sea . These
are icebergs . Under the influence of winds and the polar
current many icebergs are carried far enough south into
the Atlantic to cross the track of ships crossing between
.
Europe and America . At certain seasons these icebergs are
a great danger to shipping
What are the causes of earthquakes ? What are the
(
5.
general effects of earthquakes ( a ) upon the lands ; b)
upon the ocean or water of the ocean ? How may these
conditions affect people ?
Ans . — The following are suggested as possible causes of
earthquakes : The giving way of the roofs or cavities which
may exist in the interior of the earth ; the sudden breaking
of rocks under great strain ; the expansive force of steam
bends or strains the rocks until there is a sudden break .
The earthquake shock is of the nature of a wave passing
through the solid earth . The intensity of the shocks varies
from mere tremors up to such violent catastrophes as those
in which the ground is thrown into undulations so violent
that rocks are loosened , trees are shaken out of the ground
and villages and cities are leveled . When the earthquake
shock takes place under the sea , not only does the land rock
to and fro , but the waters of the sea are sent with terrible
force against the land . Earthquakes are terribly destruc
tive of life and property , whole cities having been com
pletely destroyed . “ Besides the surface of the land has been
so changed as to be no longer fit for the homes of men .
6. What is meant by the glacial period ? What portions
of the surface of the United States were modified during
this period ? What was the nature of the modification ?
Ans .— By the glacial period is meant the time when a
large portion of the earth's surface was covered with a
great ice - sheet . That portion of the United States lying
north of the Ohio River and a line extending through Cen :
tral Missouri and across Northeastern Kansas was covered
by the ice -sheet . The nature of the modification in this
region consists of the formation of hills of glacial material ,
the wearing down of the hills , the changing of water courses
and the formation of lakes .
7. Where would you take a class to show them the effect

of weathering on rocks ? What effects would you be likely
to see ? What class of rocks ( as to origin and as to ma
terials ) would you be able to show them in your county ?
Ans . — The effects of weathering on rocks may be seen
along the crests of steep hills where outcropping ledges of
rock are exposed . The effects of weathering could be
learned by observing the rock fragments lying all about
and sliding down into the valley. ( For the applicant . )
8. What are the general effects of rivers upon lakes ? How
does the character of a river valley change from the source
toward the mouth of the river ? Give reasons . In your
answer point out especially changes favorable or unfavorable
-
to mankind .
Ans . Rivers are the most frequent sources of supply for
the lakes and also by forming an outlet for the lake the
waters of the lake are kept fresh . In the upper part of
the river's course the channel is steep and uneven , the val.
ley precipitous and narrow . In the second stage the chan
nel is less steep and uneven . It winds to and fro across
the flat parts of the valley and occasionally rushes through
its
narrow gorges . The third stage is passage across the
low plains near the sea Here the valley low and broad
is
.
.
In
the upper stage the valley too narrow and sides too
is
by
precipitous be used In the lowest stage the

to
men
.
valley apt subject

be
to
to
the middle It
is
overflow
is
.
stage that offers the best advantages for the home
of
man
.
AGRICULTURE
.
generally lacking
be
in
What soil that has ceased

to
1.
is
by
productive How this remedied crop rotation

is
?
Ans The soil lacks humus and plant food Rotation of

—
.
by
crops affords rest

to
the soil from the drain upon one

it
by
raising another
of
kind crop and may supply plant food

up
kind
all
For instance wheat raised continually uses

,
.
the nitrogen the soil whilst change alfalfa cow

in
or
to
a
,
peas would restore

it
.
What are grain crops and what

on
their effect
2
is
the
? .
soil
Ans Corn wheat oats kaffir cane etc. These crops
,
,
,
,
-
.
its plant food

of
exhaust the soil

.
Mention five reasons for plowing

3.
.
in
Plowing puts the land

to
Ans condition
.—
absorb and
increases the activity
of
retain moisture soil organisms

,
it
the plowed land provides more space for soluble nitrogen

,
makes possible deeper soil and renders cultivation easier

a
.
In
what ways does clover crop benefit the soil

4.
?
STATE OF KANSAS 203
Ans . - Clover is a nitrogen crop and enriches the soil by

the nitrogen furnished it .
5. Why is it to the interest of every farmer to vote for
good roads ? What are the advantages of having the road
tax paid in cash ?
Ans. —Good roads save time in going to and from mar .
ket , it saves wear and tear on horses and vehicles and adds
to the comfort as well as the advantage of literally bringing
business centers closer together and making possible a
quicker and more profitable exchange of products. Cash
payment of road tax allows for a more equitable payment
and expenditure of it .
6. Give three reasons why trees should be planted as a
windbreak for a farmstead ?
Ans .— The windbreak is some protection from the drying
effects of winds on growing vegetation . It lessens the
shifting of loose soil and also protects both plants and live
stock from the ravages of wind .
7. Name three breeds of general purpose chickens. What
two nutrients are found in eggs ?
Ans . - Plymouth Rock , Wyandotte and Rhode Island Red .
Protein and fat .
8. What is the total cost of keeping a farm work horse
a year ? An average dairy cow ?
Ans . A horse will eat about four pounds of oats , eight
pounds of corn and fourteen pounds of hay daily , or two
tons of grain and two and one -half tons of hay . This would
cost at the current price about seventy dollars . The aver
age dairy cow costs about fifty dollars .
9. Describe a perfect ear of seed corn . When should land
be plowed preparatory to sowing fall wheat ?
Ans . A perfect ear of corn is cylindrical , slightly taper
ing , with deeply rounded symmetrical butts and well cov .
ered tips . The rows of kernels are straight . The land
should be plowed early in June or July .
PIIYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE .

1. Mention five diseases caused by germs. Give four
reasons why the teeth should be properly washed twice a
day .
Ans .-(a ) Tuberculosis , diphtheria , typhoid fever by one
celled plants ( bacteria ) , and malarial fever , yellow fever
and sleeping sickness by one -celled animals ( protozoa ) .
( 6 ) Because clean teeth are more beautiful , do not harbor
health -destroying germs, and do not decay so quickly as
filthy teeth ; and because the gums are kept in a healthier
condition when brushed vigorously .

2. Define a ball -and -socket joint. Mention two in the
human body .
Ans .- ( a) The union of two bones in which a spherical
" ball ” of one bone works in a cup - like " socket ” of an
other bone . ( b ) Hip joint, shoulder joint.
3. Give the location and use of the Eustachian tube .
Ans.- ( a ) From the upper part of the pharynx to the
middle ears . ( b ) To equalize the air pressure in the middle
and in the external ear ; i . e., on both sides of the drum
membrane .
4. Mention four changes in the blood during respiration .
Ans . When the blood is passing through the pulmonary
capillaries it changes in color from a purple red to a scarlet
red ; in composition by losing half its carbon dioxid gas and
taking on oxygen ; in temperature ( usually ) by losing heat ;
in amount of water by losing moisture (ust ly ) .
5. What and where is the pleura ? What is its function ?
Ans . ( a) A two - walled sack enveloping each ſung and
lining the adjacent chest wall . ( b ) Between these two
layers is the pleural fluid which acts as a lubricant , pre
venting friction between the lung and the ribs .
6. Name , describe and give the use of the three kinds of
blood tubes or vessels .
.-
Ans ( a ) Arteries are rather thick -walled elastic tubes
consisting of four coats , whose use is to carry blood from
the heart out to the capillaries . ( 6 ) Capillaries are small
thin -walled tubes consisting of one coat of a single layer
of cells , whose use is to carry blood from the terminals of
the arteries to the beginnings of the veins. ( c) Veins are
medium -walled tubes of four rather thin coats , whose use
is to carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart .
-
7. What is the periosteum and its use ?
Ans . A live , active bone skin that builds the bones and
heals broken bones. It forms a place of attachment for
skeletal muscles and also breaks up the arteries entering
the bone into smaller arteries .
8. Mention three uses of the skin .
Ans.- Protection , excretion , sensation , heat regulation .
9. What is the mental effect of tobacco on the young ?
What is the ultimate effect of cigarettes on the mind and
body ?
Ans.- ( a ) Exhilaration followed by depression and list
lessness . By poisoning the brain it interferes with the
mind's activity . ( b ) A craving for cigarettes , a stunted
brain and sometimes stunted body and a more or less en
foebled mind. Nervousness and an irregular heart -beat are
often noticed .
STATE OF KANSAS 205
10. Mention three foods rich in proteids , and two rich

in carbohydrates. Why are both classes of food elements
necessary ?
Ans . ( a) Cheese , lean meat , beans ; rice and all other
cereals . ( 6 ) Proteids are absolutely essential for building
and repairing tissues , and are also useful as a fuel . Carbo
hydrates are a cheap fuel food .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. How many state senators and representatives has

Kansas ?
Ans . — Forty Senators and 125 Representatives
2. How many members in the supreme court of the
.
United States ? By whom are they appointed, and what
is the length of their term ?
Ans . (a ) Nine . ( 6 ) By the President of the United
States , by and with the advice of the Senate . ( c ) During
good behavior.
3. What are the powers and duties of the governor of
Kansas ?
Ans . He is the head of the executive department of the
state government . He signs bills ; sends messages to the
legislature ; recommends legislation ; makes appointments .
4. Mention five purposes of the constitution of the
United States .
Ans . — To form a more perfect union ; to establish justice ,
to provide for the common defence , to promote the general
welfare , to insure domestic tranquility .
5. What are the qualifications for United States repre
sentatives ? Who is responsible for high or low state taxes ?
Ans . ( a ) Must be twenty - five years of age; must havo
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and must
be at the time of his election an inhabitant of of that state
in which he shall be chosen . ( b ) The people .
6. How many members in the United States Senate ?
State length of term and salary .
Ans.-- Ninety -
six
Six years 7,500 per annum

$
.
people are excluded from the United

of
What classes
7
.
States by immigration laws

?
Ans.- Paupers insane persons Chinese laborers idiots

ns ,
criminals having contagious diseases

,
Name the United States cabinet officers with the

8.
departments the salary

of
What
is
each
; ?
.
Ans.-W.
ofM.
Bryan Secretary
L.
, of
J.
State Garrison
,
,
of
Secretary McAdoo Secretary

G.
War W. the Treas

;
ury McReynolds Attorney General Josephus Daniels

J.
C.
D. ,
;
,
-
Secretary Navy Houston Secretary Agricul

of
of
F.
,
;
ture ; W. B. Wilson , Secretary of Labor ; A. S. Burleson ,

Postmaster -General ; W. C. Redfield , Secretary of Com
merce ; Franklin K. Lane , Secretary of Interior, salary ,
$ 8,000.
9. What is treason against the United States ? Who
decides the punishment ?
Ans.— " Treason against the United States shall consist
only in levying war against them , or in adhering to their
enemies , giving them aid and comfort . "
10 . What was the result of the Peace Conference at The
IIague in 1907 ? What agreement has been repeatedly vio
tated in the present European war ?
Ans . - It provided for an international prize court ; pro
hibits the bombardment of undefended places ; opposed the
destruction of fishing boats . There were a number of other
rules agreed upon . Nearly
all
the agreements have been
violated
.
GEOGRAPHY
.
What preparation should you make
to
teach the lesson
1.
?
Ans After reading the text book lesson would read
—
I
,
.
-
supplementary matter which might throw light
on
manners
,
give any other information re
or
customs and costumes

,
lating object
to
the
.
Define the following words applied
to
as
climate
, 2.
:
dry rainy continental oceanic
,
,
to as .
Generally dry Generally

in
Ans Arizona
of b
a
) (
)
.
(
)
.
Tret Climate peculiar the interior continents

.
c
(
.
by
Climate affected nearness

to
oceans
d
3. )
(
Give reasons why the Samoan Islands are important
.
as
Ans They are conveniently situated coaling stations

—
.
.
What books the library would help children the
? in
in
4
.
study
of
geography
Travels descriptions produc
of
Ans peoples scenery

,
,
.-
tions animals etc.

,
5. ,
Define the following erosion alluvial delta Belt

,
,
:
of Calms moraines
of ( ( ,
by
the wearing away

of
of
the action
as
Ans rocks
0 a
.
) )
by
water Means deposits of earth sand made the

,
.
action running water The alluvial deposit at month

c
.
(
)
So
shaped like the fourth

of
river
it
“ is
called because
a
-
.
the Greek alphabet

of
of
letter The Belt Calms

is
)d
(e ”
(
.
where the northeast and southeast tradewinds meet

.
The name given earth and stones deposited by

of
to
the mass
glacier
a
the growth
6.
What coast line conditions are favorable

to
-
an
of commerce Give illustration from North America

?
,
STATE OF KANSAS 207
South America , Europe .

Ans . - An irregular coast - line gives good harbors. The
western coast of North America is inferior to the eastern
coast , and the same is true of the west and east coast of
South America . The great commercial importance of west
ern Europe is due to
its
fine harbors
.
Compare Spain and California climate products
as
to
7.
,
government and situation
,
a .
Ans Spain Almost continental climate The table
.-
.
:
lands are dry and hot Spain extreme heat and
is
There
in
.
extreme cold Products Wine raisins grapes oranges
,
,
:
.
. ,
oil
olive hemp flax Government Limited monarchy
:
,
: ,
Situation peninsula between the Atlantic ocean

It
is
a
and the Mediterranean

,
California fine climate two seasons wet and dry
.
,
,
:
In the interior there are extremes heat Products

. , of
Gold
,
,
:
.
fish alfalfa grapes wine oranges limes wheat barley
,
,
,
,
oats Government Federal state Situation On the
N. :
:
.
lati
32
40
stretching from latitude
to
Pacific
,
'
tude 42º
.
What the form of government

in
Finland Korea
8.
is
,
Denmark Egypt Persia
(() ,
?
,
part has local self gov

of
Ans .— but
,
Russia
it
It
It is
a
-
by
ernment governed Japan Limited mon

is
b
c
(
)
.
)
( .
archy Despotism
of
Protectorate Great Britain

d
(e
)
of .
)
.
.
How would you combine the study geography with
9.
of
that composition
by ?
By requiring compositions
—
on
Ans the several divisions

.
associating writing historic events

of
in
the lesson also

,
;
with places
.
10. What parts of geography can you teach better with

the globe than with maps
?
—
of
The shape
of
Ans the earth and the relation the

,
.
on
earth the other planets revolution

to
The movements
,
.
taught
be
axis and around the sun can also better with

,
the globe
.
ANCIENT HISTORY
.
Answer any five

(
.)
Discuss the pyramids Time construction signifi

1.
,
:
cance
.
Ans The pyramids are the Libyan Desert

of
C on
the edge
—
,
.
were built about 2800 and were designed as tombs

B.
.;
for the Egyptian kings They are built

of
hard limestone
.
.
To this day the pyramids seem

us
of
tremenduous waste
a
,
of human energies
.
real history there probably

of
What element
in
2
is
the
.
,
myth of the Argonautic Epedition ?

Ans. — That probably a band of Greeks did search for
hidden treasure .
3. What were , probably , the real motives of the Greeks
in attacking Troy ?
Ans . — The history of Troy is legendary , and it would be
difficult to determine what the real motives of anybody
were .
4. Discuss the Delian League and the Athenian Empire .
Ans . — The Delian League or Confederacy of Delos was
formed by the Ionian cities , which rebelled against Persia .
Athens was the leader of the Confederacy , and Aristides
and Cimon were chiefs . The League finally was merged
into the Athenian Empire .
5. Discuss Alexander's conquests : time , extent , results .
Ans . - Time, 356-323 B. C. Extent, from Macedonia to
India . He founded many important cities , and his admin
istration , considering the age in which he lived , was wise.
lle developed commerce , and tried to combine the civiliza
tion of the East with that of Greece .
6. Describe economic and social conditions in Rome
about 133 B. C. , and the attempts of the Gracchi to re
form them .
Ans .— The nobles had seized the power , and the masses
of the people were pauperized . The great capitalists bought
the small farms , consolidated them and worked them by
slaves . Caius and Tiberius Gracchus tried to reform these
conditions , but both were slain in the attempt .
7. Discuss Rome's policy of assimilating the various
nations within the Empire .
Ans . - The policy of Rome was to allow conquered
countries as large a measure of liberty as was consistent
with the safety of imperial government . The Jews , for
instance , were allowed the full exercise of their religion .
8. Brief notes on the following : Sargon , Carthage ,
Amenhotep , Themistocles, Marius Mithridates , Marathon ,
Pericles , Hittites , Second Triumvirate .
Ans . ( a ) King of Assyria ; captured Samaria in 722
B. C. ( b ) A famous city in northern Africa , continuously
at war with Rome . It was finally captured by the Romans.
( c ) There were three of that name, all Egyptian rulers .
Amenhotep III was the greatest. He reigned about 1500
B. C. ( d ) A noted Athenian general and statesman . Com
mander at the Battle of Salamis . ( e) Mithridates lived
about 134-63 B. C. He was King of Pontus . He was a
determined enemy of Rome . ( f ) One of the most famous
lattles in history . Here , 490 B. C. , the Athenians de
STATE OF KANSAS 209
feated the Persians , and rolled back from Europe the nations
of Asia . ( 9 ) A famous statesman of Athens, about 495 .
529 B. C. A popular ruler . ( h ) A group of tribes of Old
Testament history . They are also prominent in Egyptian
and Assyrian annals . ( i ) An alliance formed in 43 B. C.
between Octavian (Augustus ), Mark Antony and Lepidus .
It lasted until 31 B. C.
1. Discuss the assignment of the history lesson .
Ans . - The attention of the class should be directed to the
important parts of the lesson and information should be
given as to reference books giving additional information .
2. How did the Kansas -Nebraska Bill conflict with the
Missouri Compromise ?
Ans . — The Missouri Compromise probibited slavery for
ever in the Louisiana Territory ( Missouri excepted ) , north
of 36 ° 30 ' of north latitude . The Kansas -Nebraska bill , by
allowing the residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide
whether or no slavery should prevail in their territories ,
annulled the Compromise.
3. What should the teacher aim to accomplish in every
history recitation ?
Ans . — To give each member of the class a clear , accurate
knowledge of the period under discussion ,
4. Name five or more historical books , other than the
state text , with which you are familiar .
Ans . - For the applicant.
5. What event in European history gave a great impetus
to English colonization in America ? Explain your answer .
Ans. — The grants given by the king to the Plymouth and
London Companies .
6. Name the four nations leading in early explorations ,
and locate their territory .
Ans .- ( 1) England ; the territory from what is now Maine
to Georgia and west . ( 2 ) The Dutch ; the valley of the
Hudson .
( 3 ) The Spanish ; Florida and the lower Missis .
St.
sippi Valley . ( 4 ) The French ; Valley of the Lawrence

and Upper Mississippi
.
leading
of
Give dates and locations the three world's

7.
fairs
in
the United States What events did each commem

.
orate
?
.—
Ans The Centennial Exposition Philadelphia 1876

a
. ,
(
)
of
Independence
of
was commemoration the Declaration

in
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition St. Louis 1904

(b
,
)
Commemoration explained title Panama Pacific Ex

in
c
(
)
-
.
position , San Francisco , 1915 , commemorates the opening of

the Panama Canal .
8. Give the work for which each of the following persons
is best known : Oliver Cromwell , William Penn , Joliet , Pitt ,
James Otis , George Rogers Clark , Eli Whitney , John Jay ,
.
Fiske, McReynolds .
Ans ( a ) Led the rebellion against Charles
land and served six years as Lord Protector
of Eng
( b Founding .
I
)
of Pennsylvania . (
c ) He explored the Great Lakes and
Upper Mississippi Valley . ( a ) Pitt , Earl of Chatham , was
a loyal defender of the colonies in the House of Lords . ( e )
A noted colonial leader in Massachusetts . ( f ) At the head
of an army of volunteers , he captured from the British
number of forts north of the Ohio . ( 9) Inventor of the
.gin
cotton - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
in
(h
)
Washington's administration Noted writer Massa
in
.
)
(i
chusetts Attorney General under President Wilson
j
(
)
.
.
9.
Discuss The Federalist federal reserve
b
a
;
(
)
(
)
:
banks
.
Ans paper published by statesmen who

A
.-
noted
a
(
)
favored the adoption Hamilton Jay

of
the Constitution
,
.
The central body
at of
and Madison were the writers
b
(
)
.
the federal reserve bank the federal reserve board

is
of be
Washington recent and but little can
is
The law said

.
description
to
For
, as
yet its success complete the

a
.
system see the latest encyclopedias

.
Compare
of
10. the merchant marine the United States

Germany and England
of
with that
.
Ans For years the merchant marine

of
the United States

-
.
has been much smaller than that of Great Britain Ger or

many but the war now progress will greatly increase
in
,
in
of
the number merchantmen the United States

.
HISTORY OF KANSAS
.
How many constitutions including that now

in
force
1.
were made in Kansas

?
Ans Four Topeka Lecompton Leavenworth and Wyan

;
,
-
.
dotte
.
Name the first two United States Senators elected

2.
from Kansas
.
Ans — James Pomeroy

H.
Lane and Samuel

C.
.
Name three Kansans who were ministers from the

3.
foreign countries
to
United States
.
Ans Thomas Brazil and Chile Thomas

A.
to
Osborne
;
.
-
Ryan and Thomas Moonlight

to
Bolivia
to
Mexico
;
4. Name three Indian tribes that had reservations

in
Kansas when the state was admitted

.
STATE OF KANSAS 211
Ans . — The Osages , the Pottawatomies and the Kaws .

5. How were John A. Martin and John Martin connected
officially with Kansas ?
Ans . — John A. Martin was Governor of Kansas and John
Martin was United States Senator .
6. In what ways did the opening of Oklahoma to set
tlement affect the growth of Kansas ?
Ans . - Many people left Kansas to get homes in Okla
homa . This fact reduced the population and temporarily
-
impeded the growth of the state .
7. What and when was the “ Legislative War ' !?
Ans . It was in 1893 . The war was between the Re
publicans and the Populists for the control of the Ilouse of
Representatives . Two speakers were elected . The contest
lasted several days , but was finally referred to the Supreme
Court , and the court decided in favor of the Republicans .
8. What have the Daughters of the American Revolution
done for Kansas ?
Ans. - The organization has marked the important trails
and historic spots in Kansas .
9. What legislation do the following words and terms .
.
suggest to you : “ Uniform freight rates ' ' ; " anti - pass
law ' ' ?
Ans ( a ) That rates should not be discriminative and
given the same rail
all
be
that persons and classes should

pro
be
road rates That railroad companies should
0
.
(
)
hibited from granting any persons corporations rebates

or
Prohibiting the granting

of
railroad
to
get shipments
c
)
(
.
passes any persons except employes of the several com

to
panies
.
10. Name five mineral products

of
Kansas and tell

,
found large quantities

in
where each
, is
; .
Ans Zinc Kansas salt Rice

in
.—
southeastern Reno
in
Kingman and Ellsworth counties gas southeastern Kan

in
;
coal Crawford Leavenworth Osage

in
sas and other

,
,
;
many
of
limestone and sandstone

in
counties abundance
. ;
counties

.
three topics which

of
on
Make brief statement

1.
each
a
, by
are suggested the general subject The Improvement

of
,
the Rural School

transportation
of
to
Ans Better school houses children

;
.
-
and from the school uniform taxation

;
Why has the discussion the subject mentioned above

of
2.
general
of
so
become What results this discussion have

?
ol
you served
?
Ans.- ( a) Because of visible defects . ( 6) For the ap

plicant .
3. What do you understand by the term , rural sociology ?
Ans .— The sociology which treats of questions arising
from social conditions in rural communities.
4. What objections are there to the announcement by
the teacher of a large number of rules for the government
of the school ?
Ans . —Many rules confuse the children . A few essential
rules well enforced are better . The teacher should have in
reserve much power .
5. To what motives may the teacher appeal effectively
so as to induce a proper effort on the part the pupil in of
the study of ( a ) reading ; ( b ) civics ; ( c ) geography ; ( d )
history ?
Ans .-
( a) That literature may be studied ; that pleasure
may be given to others by beautiful reading . ( ) That
the government of our country , of the state, county and city
may be thoroughly understood . ( c ) That one may know
of re
, its
its
all
possible the world countries governments
,
,
ligions conditions
of
to
people relations
of
other countries
,
our country and much else That we may learn lessons

d
.
(
)
from the past and become acquainted with the great leaders
,
the world and their deeds

in
in
Why not formal exactness the recitation
al
6.
is
" "
be ' "
.
effective thinking
of
ways evidence
?
'
-
Because the exactness may

of
Ans the result mechan
.
ical memorizing
,
of
to
What method discipline would you recommend
7.
correct inattention mischievousness restless

) a
;
(b
)
c
(
? )
)
ness willful disobedience deceitfulness

d
;
;
e
(
(
)
Ans Making the lessons interesting Finding

(
.-
b
(a
.
)
useful channels for the overflowing vitality of youth

c
of )
singing or some other form

(
.
Changing the exercise

do byto
recreation First finding the cause Home life

d
to ,
(
)
.
may have something with the child's condition Pri

. .
vate talks serious offense but not incurable The

A
e
)
(
.
private talk concerning the sin of deceitfulness and

ef
its
,
Deprivation certain privileges

on
the future life

of
fect
.
both the cases would probably

be
remedial
in
given
be
How much consideration should

to
8.
the
opinions pupils school discipline
of
in
?
—
Ans The pupil's judgment not mature hence opinions

is
,
.
discipline should be heavily discounted The pupil has

on
not the teacher's broader view

.
Name three particulars which pupil should re

in
9.
ceive benefit from school attendance besides gaining

a
STATE OF KANSAS 213
knowledge facts and principles presented in the

of the
formal instruction . What responsibility has the teacher
with reference to each of the points mentioned .
Ans . — He learns self -control ; a regard for the rights of
-
his fellow pupils ; the formation of good habits
teacher's administration should lead the children to acquire
The .
all the good qualities named .
10. What is the danger in taking trivial offenses of
children too seriously ?
Ans . — Children are liable to magnify the unimportant .
The teacher must reserve his vitality for the greater things
in government .
LITERATURE .
1. How would you lead children to appreciate and to love
-
the best in literature ?
Ans . By talking to them often about the best books ;
by reading to them fine passages , and by lending them
books occasionally.
2. Explain the following words : style , terse , dramatic ,
(
diffuseness .
Ans .- (a ) A writer's manner of writing. Nearly dis
all
tinguished writers have peculiarities expression
of
b
.
)
Concise pithy Appropriate the drama Wide
to
,
d
(
)
(
)
. .
spread prolix
,
Longfellow besides The Court

of
What other works

3.
? ,
ship have you read

of
Miles Standish
,
.

.
dramatic works what the difference between

4.
is
In
tragedy and comedy Give from Shakespeare the name

a
of
A of
one each
.
-
tragedy shows the serious side life and ex

of
Ans
.
cites pity and awe comedy light and amusing and

A
is
,
.
tragedy comedy has happy ending

to
contrast the the

in
The Comedy are noted illus

of
Errors and Hamlet

“
trations from Shakespeare

.
5.
What period our history represented The Court

in
is
in
ship
. of
Miles Standish
?
early days history

of
Ans Massachusetts
in
in
—
The the
the seventeenth century
.
Give paragraph the chief difference between the

in
6.
John Alden
of
of
character Miles Standish and that

.
-
Ans Standish the military officer was arrogant and

,
,
.
overbearing Alden modest and timid But when Alden

,
;
the contest for the hand the manly

of
won Priscilla
in
. ,
qualities
of
Standish came out

in
the character
Compare Priscilla and Evangeline
7.
.
Ans. — Both were high -souled women , and both were in

tensely religious each in her own way . Priscilla had not
the opportunities to show what sacrifices she could make .
Her life was comparatively uneventful . Both are noble
types of womanhood .
8. Compare Cassius and Brutus .
Ans . — Brutus was a man in whom good and bad qualities
were mixed , the good especially toward the close of his life
predominating . In public life he was corrupt and weak in
character. Cassius was a bad man , mean and jealous in
disposition , greedy and corrupt in public life .
9. In what play of Shakespeare is there another Portio
besides the Portia made prominent in Julius Caesar ?
Ans . - In " The Merchant of Venice . "
10.
Where should pupils begin study Shakespeare
to
?
in
As children differ much mental capacity
so
Ans
it
,
.-
difficult answer the question Under proper guidance

to
is
.
the study might begin the intermediate grades But the
in
.
teacher should be wise and tactful
.
READING
.
Describe the first lesson reading you would teach
as
in
1.
beginning pupil
For
a
Ans the applicant

.-
teaching
of
What use would you make chart
in
2.
a
primary class reading
in
in
larger print
to on
Ans the words are
As
it
chart
in is
a
to -
.
easier teach them and the pictures serve fix words

,
the memory
profitably done preparation
be
What seat work can

in
3
.
by
for the recitation reading pupils the first grade

in
in
?
—
Ans They can copy the more difficult words and learn
to .
pronounce and spell them They can also prac

to
how
.
.
tice on inflections
.
What specific directions can you give for proper

4.
breathing oral reading

in
in ?
-
Keep the body natural position

so
Ans that the

a
.
breathing organs may have full freedom Let air be inhaled

.
and exhaled at intervals

.
What part does imagination expressive

5.
in
have
reading
— ?
to
giving correct expression that the

is
Ans essential
It
.
pupil exercise his imagination reproducing the scenes and

in
the
in
persons named selection

to .
What the best way teach the correct pronuncia

6
is
.
be
What are some common hindrances

of
tion words
to
?
teaching pronunciation
in
overcome
?
STATE OF KANSAS 215
Ans .— Constant drill in the pronouncing of words liable

to be pronounced incorrectly . The pupil should be asked
to write the more difficult words . Defects in the child's
vocal organs have much to do with mispronunciation .
7. What directions may be given for reading poetry
which would not apply to prose ?
Ans.The tendency to " sing -song "' must be counter
acted in reading poetry. This can be corrected by emphasiz .
ing properly .
8. What may a teacher do to stimulate the pupils ' inter
est in reading good books ?
Ans . - See answer 1 in Literature .
9-10 A GOOD NAME .
Good name in man and woman , dear my lord ,
Is the immediate jewel of their souls :
Who steals my purse steals trash ; ' tis something , nothing ;
' '
tis
Twas mine ,
to
his and has been slave thousands
;
,
he
But that filches from me my good name

of
Robs me that which not enriches him

,
And makes me poor indeed
.
--Shakespeare
.
What expressions are found this selection which
( in
1
(
)
do
not ordinarily occur prose What two words

in
2
)
) ?
are most strongly contrasted What other expressions

3
?
(
are contrasted What three words are used with the

( (4
5 )
same meaning What single word vividly expresses

?
the value good name What single word expresses

of
a
( 6
?
(
)
of
the worthlessness money What produces the poetic

7
?
Explain
to
effect has been slave thousands

8
)
9
?
,
“
) "
10 .
(
)
(
for
Give brief directions reading the passage State

(
.
the main thought single brief sentence

in
.
a
tis
) tis
Twas mine his dear my lord

',
1
'
) '”;
;
”
“
(
)
( '
)
'
something nothing Jewel and trash Some

,
(3
2
.
'
. , ”
thing nothing robs enriches Steals filches robs

( ,
4
,
,
.
(
)
) .
Jewel The arrangement

17
Trash
5
8
6
.
)
)
(
(
(
.
as
One can use money master uses slave The most

9
a
(
)
.
be
expressive words should emphasized the difference be

;
ordinary
be
tween blank verse and rhyme should shown

.
10
The infinite value

of
good name
a
(
)
WRITING
.
be
How much time should given the writing period

1.
to
in
the daily program

?
Ans From ten twenty minutes

to
.
-
Discuss the value of movement Give two

2.
exercises
.
llustrations
.
give freedom
of
Ans They for

—
movement arms and

.
hands , and thus enable children to make more beautiful

letters .
3. Is form or movement more important in the first two
grades ? Why ?
Ans .-- Movement .
4. What devices do you recommend to get pupils to
practice their writing exercises by themselves with attention
and interest ?
Ans . - I give them interesting selections to copy and
give special praise for beauty of letters , neatness , tidiness .
I
5. Write the small letters connectedly .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Agitate , infallible , excellent , parallel , garrulous , inter
fere , corral , prairie , docile , inflammable , envelop ( verb ) ,
always, asparagus , taciturn , barrel , callous, liege , venerate ,
movable , medicinal , proselyte , tomorrow , parasite , weird ,
-
acetylene . Give credit of two for each word correctly spelled .
2. Give three suffixes meaning one who , and an illustra
tion of their use .
Ans . -ate , ist, ive. Illustrations : potentate , artist ,
captive .
3. Define a homonym . Give homonyms for marshal ,
metal , maze , plum , wrote .
Ans . - Any of two or more words alike in sound but dif
fering in meaning . Marshal , martial ; metal , mettle ; maze ,
maize ; plum , plumb ; wrote , rote .
4. Write five derivative words for the root form port .
Ans. - Report , portable, portentous , disport ,export .
5. Mark diacritically : cement , gondola , address ( noun ) ,
mischievous, apricot .
Ans. - Look in any dictionary :
6. What is the rule for forming the plural of nouns end
-
ing in y ? What is a primitive word ?
Ans . Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant , to
form the plural change the y into ies . If the y is not pre
ceded by a consonant, the plural is formed in the usual
manner by adding s.
MUSIC .
1. How does the study of music in the school benefit ( a )
the individual pupil ? ( b ) the school ? ( c ) the community ?
Ans . ( a) Contributes to physical health by wholesome
exercise requiring deep breathing . Necessitates subordina
tion of individual for the general good . Aids toward re
STATE OF KANSAS 217
finement and appreciation of the beautiful . ( b ) An aid

in discipline . Affords opportunity for team work . Multi
plies individual benefits . ( c ) Promotes community of in
terest . Helps to higher ideals . Important social factor .
2. Write the major scale in six different keys with proper
signatures . Locate “ do " in each key .
3. Exemplify the following : · flat , sharp , hold , cancel , F
clef , whole rest , double sharp , grace note , thirty -second note ,
slur .
4. Define rhythmic figure . Give two examples .
Ans.- ( a ) According to some teaching , å " rhythmic
type ' is any rhythmic effect possible in a single beat , one
or more tones , a " rhythmic figure ” being a combination
of rhythmic types requiring two or more beats for exempli .
fication . ( b ) For the applicant .
5. Name five world - famous compositions .
Ans.-St. Mathew_Passion , Bach ; The Messiah, Handel ;
Ninth Symphony , Beethoven ; Parsifal , Wagner ; Faust ,
Gounod .
6. Define : ( a ) incidental music ; ( b ) chorus ; ( c ) duet ;
( d ) oratorio .
Ans . ( a ) Music played during the action of a drama .
( b ) A choral composition to be sung by an indefinite num
ber of voices . It
may be in unison or in parts . c) ( A
song for two solo voices . ( d ) An extended composition for
chorus , solo voices and orchestra , for concert use without
.
dramatic action or scenery .
7. ( a ) What is a note ? ( b ) What are staff degrees ?
Ans ( a ) A character in musical notation used to indi
staff position the pitch to
its
cate , by sounded and by

ofof be
,
,
its
form and measure position the time beginning and

of
duration tone Lines and spaces staff

6
(
)
.
Write the syllables the chromatic scale ascending

of
8.
Ans Usual form spelled with Italian vowels Do Di

—
:
.
ofFi
Ti
Mi Fa
Si
La
Re
Ri
So We purposely omit
Li
Do.
(
syllable
to as
the usual Sol useless survival

is
it
,
1
a
“
"
"
"
antiquity which drop

of
it
seems better
)
.

.
Why many pupils dislike the study grammar

of
do
so
1.
Discuss fully
.
Ans requiring
so of
the needless tasks imposed

of
Because
.
the pupil many definitions

to
so
memorize many
to
learn
,
many grammatical distinctions for

so
rules and
to
make
,
will never have any use outside

he
of
which the school room

.
2. Explain what is meant by the inductive method in

teaching grammar .
Ans . - Inductive study of grammar means to begin with
the knowledge the child already possesses and develop
the new idea . Proceed from the known to the unknown .
3. In your experience with children and your own asso
ciates , what do you consider the ten most common types of
error in grammar ?
Ans . —The use of done for did ; hain't for have not ; seen
for saw ; lay for
lie
don't for doesn't for are tain't
is
;
;
'
for has came for has come has went for has gone
is
not
;
;
knowed for knew
Exemplify .
of
the various kinds dependent clauses
4.
.
Ans
or
as
Dependent nouns adverbs
.—
clauses are used
·
adjectives noun the clause may subject predi
be
As
1. a
,
.
object round was believed by

or
That the world
is
cate
2. .
Columbus His motto was Honesty the best policy
is
.
'
.
The boy felt that did wrong
he
The flowers will bloom

3
4
.
when spring returns
-
The child that was sick now well
is
5
.
.
Name and illustrate seven uses of nouns
5.
.
Ans Subject predicate object objectivo
1
4
.
,
complement appositive possessive
5
nominative inde
,
,
7
,
.
beautiful girl
2
pendent The ball Helen
is
round
is
1
a
.
.
.
The boy hit the house They named the child John
4
5 3
7 .
.
John saw these things The sun's rays are warm

I,
6
.
.
The wind being fair the ship sailed
,
Write two paragraphs The Present European

6.
on
“
War
"
.

.
Illustrate five uses of the infinitive

7.
Ans subject predicate object

—
adverb
;
;
;
, . 1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
.
To
im
to is
adjective study pleasant

To
to
learn
is
,
2,
1
.
to .go
prove John wants Flowers bloom

to
cheer
. 3
4,
.
mankind He has leave depart

5,
Analyze you thoroughly conquer everything you

If
8.
meet you will pass from victory victory

on
to
.
—
Ans This complex declarative sentence You will

“
is
a
.
If
to
is
from victory the principal clause

on
pass victory
”
de.
you thoroughly conquer everything the first

is
."
is.
"
pendent clause and that you meet second depend

,
”
(
the subject
of
of
ent clause You the basis the inde

”,
"
.
of
pendent clause unmodified will pass the basis

is
,
,
;
”
"
” by
the predicate of the independent modified the

is
clause
,
by
on
adverb and also from victory victory

to
a
,
“
"
complex the second class of which

of
adverbial element
,
by
victory
its
basis modified the adjective phrase

is
,
,
”
" "
by
victory Will pass Wif

to
further modified
is
“
”
.'
STATE OF KANSAS 219
you thoroughly conquer everything ( that ) you meet , ” a

complex adverbial element of the third class , of which “ if '
is the connective ; “ you ’’ is the subject , unmodified ; con
by
quer ” its
predicate modified the adverb thorough
is
,
ly and also
” "
.
by
everything that you meet complex
a
,
”
"
)
'
of
adjective element the first class everything
of
which
,
, "
"
, by
its basis modified the adjective clause that you
is
,
' )
its
subject
of
meet which you unmodified and

,"
is
,
"
is "
modified by the relative pronoun
its
meet predicate
( "
”,
the object and also the connective

as
that used
.
)
What does the comparative degree adjective
of
an
9.
denote Give rule for its use

a
— ?
.
Ans The comparative degree expresses the quality
in
a
.
higher comparing two objects

or
lower degree and used
in
is
or
objects As Iron
of
classes harder than lead is

.
.
Classify the phrases the following sentence The
in
10.
:
dislodge the
of
the Christian nations intended
in to
crusades
though they failed that object
of
infidel out Jerusalem

to ,
,
had awakened Europe
.- new life
", ” .
Ans Of Christian nations adjective phrase modify

, ,
"
ing crusades 991 dislodge infinitive phrase modify

to
"
"
to ” ;
ing
of
intended out Jerusalem adverbial phrase

,
;
“
modifying dislodge that object adverbial

in
,
,
"
"
phrase modifying failed new life adjective phrase

to
“
”,
"
"
modifying Europe
.
"
MODERN HISTORY
.
Name three great modern histories not school text

1.
"
,
books
.
The Conspiracy
of
of
Ans Pontiac Pioneers France

,
.
the New World by Francis Parkman Buckle's

in
The
'i,
of "
History History
of
Civilization Bancroft's the

;
”
"
United States
"
.
What did the following words mean France

in
2.
bourgeoisie peasants
?
,
Ans half way

A
person society
of
middle rank
( in
;
a (a
)
.
of -
an
between peasant and aristocrat tiller the

A
b
)
.
soil
3. .
What stage has Home Rule for Ireland reached now

?
its
Ans operation
of It
has become law but suspended

is
,
.
because the war Europe

in
How should the library the study his

of
be
? 4.
used
in
tory
As
.—
treasury
of
of
Ans which the

in
books reference
a
,
'
student can find information any time

at
State briefly what extent Great Britain has local

to
-g 5.
self overnment
.
Ans has self government parliamentary boroughs

in
It
.
-
( district ) ; also in counties and parishes there are councils

elected by the voters .
sit
6. State briefly the present phase of the Mexican
.
uation
.
.--
As
Ans the situations are changing
so
often the answer
difficult Villa and Carranza are prominent now
to
give
is
. .
Why are the following named persons famous
7.
Ber
:
-
tillon Jenny Lind Yuan Shi Kai
?
,
,
Ans Dr. Alphonse Bertillon
of
a Paris invented
a
(
)
of .
plan identification by the lines the human hand The
in
.
system the identification of criminals in many
. in
use
in
is
civilized countries famous Swedish singer 1820
,
(b
)
) .
She was married Boston Otto Goldschmidt
in
to
1887.
c
(
.
the republic
of
of
President China
. of
Give the difference between the British House
8.
Lord and House

of
Commons
in
their relation the people
to
.-- Lords serve by
of
Ans The members of the House
right
of
of
of
their titles the members the House Com
;
by
mons are elected the people .

-
.
Answer any five
(
)
.
Why plants need such extensive and wide spreading
? do
1.
-
root systems _Where does the increase length take place in
?
its
Ans To support the plant position and take
to
in
a
.
(
)
from the soil the food needed for the growth the plant
of
b in
.
Downward main body branched and continuous with
in
a
,
(
)
the stem
.
Describe the mechanism and explain the process by

2.
which plants take water and mineral from the soil Be .

specific
.
-
the particles
to
Ans The root hairs attach themselves

of
.
preparing the food material

of
soil and aid

in
the earth
for absorption The mineral food before absorption
is
,
,
.
dissolved water
in
.
In
what part the pea seed

of
the food material

3.
in is
Of corn kernel What part

of
stored the process ger

a
?
? ?
mination does water play

Ans In the pea there are two cotyledons the embryo
(a
,
)
.
between them The food material stored around

is
is
b
(
)
c .
the embryo Moisture necessary for the softening

is
(
)
.
integuments dissolving
of
the and for the nutritive matter

,
making easier for circulate

to
it
it
Define annuals biennials and perennials

4.
Name two
,
. •
.
weeds and two domestic plants which are annuals The same
for perennials What weeds are usually more easily con
.
perennials Why
or
trolled annuals
?
?
,
STATE OF KANSAS 221
Ans . ( a ) An annual is a plant whose entire life is lim .

ited to a single season . A biennial bears fruit the first
season and dies the second . Perennial plants have an in .
definite duration , generally many years . ( b ) Morning glory ,
sunflower, beet and turnip . ( c ) Dandelion , hoarhound , lily ,
quince . ( d) Annual weeds are more easily controlled than
perennial because the mature plants die at end of season ,
seldom have runners or root stalks , easily killed in seedling
stage , and if kept from seeding , do not come up the second
year .
5. Describe fully the difference in structure of a corn
Ans .- ( a ) The corn stalk is an endogenous or inside
tissue , and pith . In the tree the stem is exogenous , that is ,
an outside grower . The parts are outer bark , sapwood ,
heartwood , and sometimes pith .
6. What prevents plants from dying out ? How is the
amount of moisture which is evaporated from their bodies
regulated . Describe the mechanism .
Ans .- ( a) The absorption of moisture by tie roots . ( b )
By the leaves . Surrounding the mouth of each stoma are
two guard -cells which regulate the quantity of moisture
brought up from the roots , so that the passing of moisture
outward may be adapted to the needs of the plant .
7. How does a spore differ from a seed ? Name somo
green plants and some fungi which reproduce by means of
spores .
Ans.- ( a) A few plants have no embryo , but are repro .
duced from spores , similar to the pollen -grains in flowering
plants . ( b ) Alga , mosses , ferns ; molds , mildews , rusts ,
mushrooms .
8. What is meant by a plant family ? Name a plant
family and some plants belonging to it . Give some of the
characteristics of the family .
Ans . ( a ) Plants which have the same characteristics . ( b )
The pine family, hemlock , spruce , cedar . ( c ) Leaves , ever .
green ; needle or awl -shaped ; staminate and pistillaté flow .
ers borne in separate clusters ; wood , without ducts ; com .
posed mainly of woody fiber of uniform texture .
ELEMENTARY SCIENCE
( Answer any
-
five .)
PHYSICS .
1. What is the principle of Archimedes ? How may it be

demonstrated .
its
Ans . — When a body is immersed in a fluid it loses

partially supported by the fluid
as
weight The force

in is is
it it
,
supporting termed the buoyant force Let cube

a
“
on .
'
'
be water the upward force

of
immersed the bottom

;
the cube is equal to the weight of the column of water .

The downward force upon the cube is equal to the weight
of the column of water above the cube . The net upward
force upon the cube , less the downward force upon the top ,
is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the cube .
2. How much is the pressure of air per square inch ?
What practical use is made of atmospheric pressure ( a ) in a
suction pump ? ( b) In the barometer ? ( c ) In the siphon ?
Ans . ( a ) 14.7 pounds per square inch , at the level of the
sea . ( b ) In the suction pump there is a valve opening up
ward in a piston which moves air -tight in a cylinder . In the
lower part of the cylinder there is an aperture having a
valve opening upward. When the piston is drawn upward
the valve in it
is closed by the pressure of the air above
it , and a vacuum is formed in the cylinder below . The pres
sure of the air in the pipe leading to the water will open
the valve in the bottom of the cylinder . ( b ) The rise of
liquids in exhausted tubes is caused by the pressure of the
atmosphere on the surface of the mercury . ( c ) Suppose
the siphon to be full of water and that one end is placed
in a tank . The pressure causes the water to flow upwaril
and through the curved part of the siphon , thence down .
ward to the level to which the water is to be conveyed .
3. Describe a simple form of the steam engine. Illus
trate by diagram .
Ans .- ( a ) Itconsists of a steam chest , cylinder , piston
and slide valve . Steam under pressure enters the steam
chest , passes into the cylinder and pushes the cylinder to the
other end . The details can be learned from the diagram
submitted by the applicant .
4. What effect on a tone if the number of vibrations per
-
second is doubled ?
Ans . The tone becomes more acute when the number of
vibrations is increased . The octave of a tone is caused by
double the number of vibrations .
5. How is light propagated ? What is the velocity of
light ? Upon what does the intensity of light depend ?
Ans. (a ) By vibrations of the ether . ( b) About 186,000
per second . ( c) The intensity of illumination of a surface is
its
inversely proportional to the square of distance from the

light
of
source
.
Define the following terms relating electricity

to
6.
conductor insulator cell current ohm volt ampere

,
of(a ,
Ans that has the power transfer

A
to
substance
.
charges electrification substance that has not

ofA
b
(
)
.
the ability
A
transmit charges electrification

to
c
(
)
.
liquid which acts

of
combination two metals immersed

in
a
STATE OF KANSAS 223
chemically on one of them , when they are connected by a

conductor . ( d ) A movement of electricity along a con
ducting wire . ( e) The resistance offered to an unvarying
electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature
of melting ice , 14.4521 grammes in mass , of a constant cross .
sectional area , and of the length 106.3 centimeters . ( f ) The
electromotive force that will drive a current of 1 ampere
through the resistance of 1 ohm . ( g ) The unit of intensity
or rate of flow of an electric current .
8. Describe the magnetic compass . What is its use ?
Ans . ( a) It is a magnetic needle used by mariners,
surveyors and civil engineers . The needle is poised over a
card on which the points of the compass are marked . As
the needle points north and south , it is easy to determine
the course .( b ) To show the direction at sea or on land .
County
Examination Questions
State of Kansas
June, 1915 , to October , 1915
With Answers
No. 23
Topeka , Kan .
JOHN MACDONALD
1916
1
Entered according to act of Congress , in the year 1916
, by
JOHN MACDONALD
In the office of the Librarian of Congress ,
at Washington .
371,13
K13
Vins
No'17
22
NMS
Index
.
;&
u't
Pages
18
19
EXAMINATION June and 1915 1-28

,
.
July and 1915 29-55
2
3,
July
31
30
and 1915 56-81

,
.
30
31
October and 1915 82-110

,
.
11
1915
91 97 98 88 85 82
65 , 55
, , , 29
ARITHMETIC
,
,
1,
.
.
GRAMMAR
33 31
, , 58
5, 3
,
.
GEOGRAPHY
Y m
37
60

7,
.
# BRITISH HISTORY
, 36 34
, 63 62
, 10 9
, ,
, ,
, ,
KANSAS HISTORY
, 11
, 51
, 80
ORTHOGRAPHY 101
.
45
#
12
49
75
READING 102
.
90 87
, 15 14
, 48 , 39 40
, 72 , 64 67
YOPHYSIOLOGY
, ,
, ,
, ,
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
17
42
69
meceung
ELEMENTARY GENERAL SCIENCE 108

.
ENGLISH CLASSICS
, 20
93
.
,
21
46
73
PHY8ICS 105
..
OF
23
44
76
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS TEACHING 106

,
,
.
25
53
78
94
AGRICULTURE
,
,
.
27
52
79
WRITING
19017
104
,
,
.
27
52
81
96
MUSIC
,
,
.
Education
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONSSTATE OF
KANSAS .
June 18-19 , 1915 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. How may sight, hearing , and touch be employed in
earlij lessons in numbers ?
Ans .— The child's early ideas of numbers are always re
lated to concrete things . Sohis ideas of numbers can most
easily be cultivated by using a variety of objects which can
be seen and handled and also by the employment of songs
and games involving the use of numbers .
2. Write the Roman numerals for 17 , 26 , 34 , 49 , 57 , 63 ,
78 , 85 , 91 , 132 .
Ans . — XVII , XXVI XXXIV XLIX LVII LXIII
, , , , ,
LXXVIII , LXXXV , XCI , CXXXII .
3. How may addition and subtraction be taught together ?
Illustrate by an example .
Ans . — Think the problem in the form that the subtra
hend plus the remainder equals the minuend . Thus , 4 plus
what number equals 10 ? or , what number added to 4 equals
10 ? or , a man purchases a hat for $4 and gives the sales
man a ten -dollar bill . How much change does he receive
He will have counted out to him an amount of change which
added to the amount of purchase , $4 , will equal $ 10. This
change which he receives is the remainder if $ 4 is subtracted
from $ 10.
4. Define abstract number , concrete number , percentage ,
parallelogram , insurance .
Ans . ( a ) An abstract number is one which is not applied
to any particular thing , as , 7 , 10. (
) A concrete number
is one which is applied to some particular thing , as , 3 bush
,
els 7 pounds , $ 10. (c) Percentage is the amount obtained
by taking a certain number of hundredths of the base , or ,
percentage is the product of the base and rate . ( d ) A par
opposite sides par
its
allelogram is a quadrilateral having

allel An agreement compensate any one for some
to
e
.
(
)
specified loss called insurance

is
dividing
of
of
What the numerator

5
is
the effect
.
fraction Explain
?
Ans — To divide the numerator fraction by any num

of
a
.
ber divides the fraction by that number The denominator

.
denotes the unit fraction ; the numerator denotes how many

of the unit fractions are taken . Thus , 45 or four fifths is
similar to four bushels . To divide the numerator does not
in any way change the unit fraction .
6. A
grain dealer bought 9,000 bushels of wheat at 85
cents a bushel . He sold a third of it at an advance of 33 % ,
a fourth of it at an advance of 25 % , and the rest at 90 cents
a bushel . How much did he gain ?
Solution.
9,000 X $ .85 = $ 7,650.00 , cost of wheat .
13 X 9,000 bu . = 3,000 bu .
1.33 X $.85 = $ 1.1305 , selling price per bu . of 13 of the
wheat.
113
, selling price of
of
3,000 X $ 1.1305 = $ 3,391.50 the
wheat
.
14
bu
bu
9,000 = 2,250
X
.
.85
1.10625 selling price per
of
of
14
bu
1.25
. =
X
$
.
the wheat
of
of
14
2,250 1.0625 the
x
$
$
,
wheat
bu bu .
. bu
==
3,000 2,250 5,250 bu
.90—+
.
$ . .
. .
bu
bu
9,000 5,250 3,750
of
of
=
3,750 the balance

X
the wheat
$ .
=
3,391.50 2,390.625 3,375 9,157.125
+
= +
total
$
,
selling price
.
9,157.1257,650.00 1,507.125 gain

$
$
feet high casts shadow 8.3 feet long how .

If
pole
7.
.
6
an a
,
high adjacent tree that casts shadow 74.7 feet long
is
at the same time

?
Solution
54
8.3 74.7
x ::
6 6
8
:
)
:
74.7
54
.
8.3
. 54
Therefore the tree feet high

. is
Allowing 231 the gallon

how many gallons
cu
in
6 to
a 8.
watering trough that long and

16
ft
wide the
in
is
in
,
,
.
its depth its width being

49
of
ratio
: to
::
:
Solution.
3 16
4
x
16
x
12.1
4
the trough
of
12
Therefore the depth

is
inches
.
72
16 12
x
59.844
:
231
Therefore the trough holds 59.844 gal
.
STATE OF KANSAS 3
9. What is the amount of principal and interest on $ 750

borrowed February 10 , at 6 % , and $ 1,800 borrowed April 15 ,
at 5 % , the payment in both cases being made on September
20 of the same year ?
Solution . -
From Feb. 10 to Sept. 20 is 222 days .
Int . of
$ 1 for 222 days at 6 % is $ .037 .
$ 750 for 222 days at 6 % is
Int . of
750 X $.037 - $27.75 .
$ 750 + $ 27.75 = $ 777.75 , amount of first note .
From April 15 to Sept. 20 is 158 days .
Int . of $ 1 for 158 days at 6 % is $ .026143
.
1,800 X $.02613 = $47.40
$ 7.90
16 of $ 47.50
$ 47.40 –
$ 7.90 = $39.50
$ 1,800 + $39.50 = $ 1,839.50 , amount of second note .
$ 777.75 + $ 1,839.50 = $ 2,617.25 , amount of both notes .
10. A derrick for hoisting coal has its arm 27 ft . 6 in .
long . Itswings over an opening 22 feet from the base of
the arm . Tlow far is the top above the opening ?
Solution . It is required to find the perpendicular side
of a right triangle of which the hypotenuse is 2712 feet and
the base 22 feet .
H = V (2712 ) 222
689
= V 6561-484 = V. 1721 = V
V 689 V4
+
26.248
13.124
2
Therefore the top

of
the derrick 13.124 feet above

is
the
opening
.

.
What the primary object teaching language and

in
1.
is
grammar
?
To
—
Ans
to
make correct expression habitual secuse the

;
.
written forms give the pupils an intel

to
of
correct use
;
of
ligible statement the principles that determine the struc

words and sentences to present the parts
of
ture
of
speech
;
of
with some fullness detail their classes inflection and

in
syntax
.
2. In what grade should instruction in technical grammar

begin ? Why ?
Ans . — In the eighth grade. Experience has shown that
in the lower grades the time can be spent more profitably
in doing composition work than in studying the abstract
principles of technical grammar , and that in the eighth
grade all the technical grammar that will function can be
thoroughly taught during this year .
3. What devices should be employed in language teaching
in the lower grades ?
Ans.Writing short compositions ; letter writing ; drills
in story telling ; reproduction work ; correcting written and
oral work of other pupils .
4. What elements should be considered in drills in letter
writing ?
Ans. — The heading ; address ; salutation ; body of letter ;
complimentary ending ; writer's signature .
5. To what part of speech does “ fast ” belong in the
following sentences : ( a ) A fast was observed . ( b ) Many
people fast during Lent . ( c) We went on a fast train . ( d )
The horse ran fast .
Ans.— ( a) Noun ; ( b ) verb ; ( c ) adjective ; ( d ) adverb .
6. Define ( a ) a complete verb ; ( b) an incomplete verb .
Use each in a sentence .
(
Ans.— ( a ) A complete verb is one that requires no com
plement . b ) An incomplete verb is one that requires the
addition of one or more words to give distinct meaning to
the sentence . Examples : ( a ) The wind changed . ( b ) Idle
boys become poor men .
(
7. Write sentences containing a) a word modifier ; ( b )
phrase modifier ; ( c ) clause modifier .
Ans.- ) (a Ile wants sweet apples . ( b ) That man is a
citizen of Topeka . ( c ) The man whom you saw is my
father .
8. Mark the following sentence indicating essential ele
Those who waste their youth lose
-
ments and modifiers :
what they can never regain .
Ans . The essential elements are orthose , the subject ;
“ lose ,” the predicate ; “ what they can never regain , ” the
object . “ Who waste their youth ” is an adjective clause
modifying “ those . ”
9. Parse the pronouns in the preceding sentence .
Ans.— “ Those ” is an adjective pronoun , plural number ,
used as subject of the verb “ lose . " “ Who's is a relative
pronoun ; antecedent is “ those ”); used as the subject of the
verb “ waste . ' ' “ Their ” is a personal pronoun ; antecedent
is “ those ” ; plural possessive ; modifies the noun “ youth .
STATE OF KANSAS 5
They ” is a personal pronoun ; antecedent is " those ”!

plural number ; subject of the verb “ can regain . " " What's
is a conjunctive pronoun ; antecedent omitted ; used as the
object of the verb “ can regain . ”
10. Name four kinds of sentences as to use . Write a
senience of each kind .
Ans.- ( 19) Assertive ; ( 16 ) Interrogative . ( 1c) Imper
(
its
ative . ( id ) Exclamations . 2a ) The cat is washing
of we
Ilow long should stay
( 26
2c
face Tell me what
?
(
)
(
! )
.
20
was said What piece work man
is
a
)
.
GEOGRAPIIY
.
lesson plan
on
Outline Islands
1.
."
—
.
.
Distinguish among the classes maps
of
What
2.
is
the
.
of
especial value each kind

?
Ans Political maps show the areas belonging

—
to
the
.
several nations Physical maps show the land elevations
,
.
of
river systems and general the physical features the
in
,
,
country Relief maps like physical maps show the physical

,
,
.
of
features the earth's surface Product maps show where

.
the various products country are produced

of
Weather
a
of .
country such
": as
maps show the weather conditions over
a
temperature rainfall direction high

of
winds areas
,
and low etc. Population maps show the distribution “

,
“
of
and density population

.
Describe two occan currents Note places where climate

3.
.
by
affected these currents and state how affectci

is
The Equatorial Current striking the continent

on
Ans
.—
South America splits The larger branch turns

of
two
in
of
north sweeps through the Caribbean sea and the Gulf

,
issues through the Florida strait

as
Mexico whence the

it
,
Gulf Stream This stream continues northeasterly across

.
the Atlantic The prevailing westerlies blowing across this

.
warm stream greatly modify the climate

of
Western and
Northern Europe Similarly when the Equatorial current
ofas it of
,
.
the Pacific Ocean reaches the eastern margin

of
Asia
,
of
divides into two branches one which turns northward

,
the Japan current which sweeps along the eastern coast

,
Asia and thence northeasterly across the Pacific The warm

.
winds striking the coast North America greatly modify

of
the climate
.
Compare and contrast North America and South

4.
America as
to
climate natural resources industries and

,
people
. .
Ans On the whole North America more favorably

—
is
as
situated climate than South America since

to
much
a
,
larger portion of North America lies within the temperate

zone . Still a large part of South America is within the
south temperate zone , and has wonderful possibilities for
development . The natural resources of North America are
much superior , especially as regards coal and iron , and
copper . North America is much more developed than South
America in all lines of industry , and has a more homo
genous and capable people . Argentina , especially , in South
America , is making rapid progress , and more nearly resem
bles the United States in climate and productions than any
other part of South America .
5. What exports and imports of the United States have
been affected by the European war ? Indicate those which
have been increased ; diminished .
Ans . —Among the exports to Europe the following have
increased : Manufactured products of
copper , especially
ammunition , arms , horses , and wheat . The exportation of
cotton has decreased . The importation of chemicals , medi
cines, toys , flower seeds , and bulbs have very much
diminished .
: 6. Discuss Kansas as to the following controls and their
effects : Temperature , moisture, topographic - human and
social .
Ans . — The temperature, the moisture, and the topographic
conditions are such as to make Kansas chiefly a great agri
cultural state . This is shown in the wide area of cultivated
land and the character of the crops raised . The people are
enterprising , intelligent and industrious , possessing the skill
needed to meet the conditions of the country and to develop
its resources .
7. ( a ) State and account for the width of the zones . ( 6 )
What methods and means would you use in teaching zones ?
Ans . - The torrid zone extends as far north or south of
the equator as the sun's rays are vertical at some time during
the year. The frigid zones are those portions around the
poles that are entirely in the dark at the mid - winter season ,
or entirely in the light at the mid -summer season . The
temperate zones are the portions of the earth's surface
lying between the torrid zone and the frigid zones .
8. Locate and describe the principal mountain systems in
Europe and North America , and show the effect on climate
and rainfall .
The
Ans. — principal mountain systems of Europe are the
Pyrenees , Alps , Carpathians and Caucasus . These extend
through Southern Europe from the east to west . Thus they
give free passage to the moisture - laden prevailing westerlies
which give up their moisture little by little far into the
STATE OF KANSAS 7
interior , insuring sufficient rainfall and making the climate

much more temperate than the corresponding latitude in
North America . The principal mountain system of North
America is the Rocky Mountains , whose general direction
is north and south . Thus they interfere with the passage of
prevailing westerlies, causing them . to give up their mois
ture on the western slopes and causing the country im
mediately east of them to be arid or semi-arid , and the
climate to be much colder in winter than the corresponding
latitude west of the mountains .
9. Locate and state for what the following are noted :
Naples , New Orleans , Petrograd , New Haven , San Francisco .
Ans .— Naples . Largest and most important city of Italy ;
the beautiful Bay
its
Naples
of
on
noted for fine situation
In
the
of
and near the volcano Vesuvius New Orleans
.
the
of
ofof
Mississippi River
,
th at
state Louisiana the mouth

,
Principal port for exportation the United
in
cotton
In northern Russia on the Gulf
its of
States Petrograd
,
.
fine public buildings and for

its
Finland Noted for

.
far north New llaven An important manu

so
situation
.
facturing and industrial center

of
Connecticut
in
the state
.
Leading port
of
San Francisco United States on the

.
splendid harbor and well situated for

It
Pacific has
is
a
.
as
trade with the interior well

.
10. Contrust the industries and products

of
Kansas and
Massachusetts
.
of
of
At
Ans the center industries Kansas and of chief

-
.
importance agriculture The products are either directly

is
produced from the soil

or
are manufactured from raw

At
in
in
materials produced
of
the state the center the

.
manufacturing and the raw

of
dustries Massachusetts
is
chiefly brought portions

of
materials are from other the

The products are the manufactured products
of
country
.
the mills and factories

.

.
Europe tended make the dis

in
What conditions
to
covery of America possible

?
-
Intellectual awakening
of
the people
of
Ans the masses

;
.
printing use
of
the compass desire

of
of
invention adven
. ,
ture wish for homes

. ,
products
of
agricultural
to
What America were new

2
the Old World

?
Ans Maize potatoes tobacco

,
.
-
.
New England influence the

of
How did the surface

3
.
of
industries that section

?
an
Ans There was not much fertile land but there was
,
.
abundance of water power , hence the people turned their

attention early to manufacturing .
4. Ilow did Champlain's treatment of the Iroquois Indians
-
influence later history ?
Ans . Champlain took the side of the Algonquin and
Iluron tribes against the Iroquois . Later , the Iroquois
retaliated by aiding the British against the French .
5. In . what respects did local government in the Southern
States differ from that of the New England States ?
Ans . The right of self - government was recognized in
New England , but was largely ignored in the South.
6.
-
State five causes of the Revolutionary War .
Ans . A refusal to grant the colonies the same rights as
to commerce and industries that Englishmen in England
possessed ; the Navigation Acts ; prohibition of intercolonial
commerce ; Writs of Assistance ; Stamp Act ; taxation with :
out representation .
7. Give an account of the development of our constitution .
Ans. - Several plans were suggested by states . The
Articles of Confederation were adopted in 1781 , but were
found weak in many particulars . In 1787 the Constitution
under which we now live was adopted , and , with some amend
ments , has stood the test .
8. Givc the names and dates of the various acquisitions of
territory by the United States .
Ans . - Louisiana , April , 1803 ; Florida , 1819-1821 ; North
ern Maine , 1842 ; Texas, 1845 ; Oregon , 1846 , from Mexico
after the war , 1848 ; Gadsden purchase , 1853 ; Alaska pur
chase , 1867 ; Hawaiian Islands , 1898 ; Samoan Islands , 1898 ;
Cuba , Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands , 1898 .
9. What was the Missouri Compromise ? When adopted ?
Why ?
Ans .— ( a ) It provided for the admission of Missouri as
a slave state , and that slavery should be forever prohibited in
the Louisiana territory ( Missouri excepted ) north of 36 ° 30 '
of north latitude . ( b ) 1820. ( c ) It was an effort to settle
the slavery question .
10. What amendments to our constitution have been made
since
-
1900 ?
Ans . Income tax amendment and the election of United
States senators by popular vote .
11. Describe the plan of the parcel post .
Ans . — The United States is divided into zones , and the
rates on parcels are based upon the distance from the place
of mailing
STATE OF KANSAS
ENGLISH (BRITISH ) HISTORY.

1. What are the sources from which history is written ?
Ans . - Newspapers , books , legislative enactments , miscel
laneous documents , biographies and autobiographies .
2. What advantages did England possess in commerce and
-
industry in the latter part of the eighteenth century ?
Ans . A series of inventions gave Great Britain the lead
fly
over other nations . The shuttle the spinning jenny
a ,
-
-
by
spinning
as
rollers the power loom the steam engine
,
,
motive power and lesser inventions revolutionized industrial
processes and stimulated commercial activity everywhere
,
.
of
What were the effccts the French Revolution upon
3.
Great Britain
?
418. The Revolution was regarded with antagonism

—
in
Louis XVI intensified
of
Great Britain and the execution
,
the feeling There was opposition too because France was

. .
republic extend the rights
of
Later the effects were
to
a
the British people

.
Describe the economic and social conditions Eng

4.
in
.
land 1783-1820
,
Ans The Napolenonic wars and others left upon Great

—
.
Britain heavy national debt and progress toward economic

a
and social reform was blocked There was great distress
,
.
and stern measures repressed the tendency revolt

to
Discuss the Irish Famine 1815 .

5.
largely
on
so
Ans The people subsisted potatoes that

—
.
when the potato blight came 1845 there was great distress
in
caused by lack
to
The calamity led much emigra

a of
food
:
tion and later reform farming methods and the

in
in
,
land laws
.
of
What were the causes the Boer War

6.
?
—
dispute the suzeranity

of
to
as
Ans began with

It
the
a
.
British government The discovery gold

of
the Transvaal
in
in .
1884 brought great many miners

in
the Transvaal
in
, of ,
promoters restrict the privileges

as to
The Boers tried

.
citizenship and the Uitlanders the newcomers were called

,
resisted War followed

.
What was the Holy Alliance and what was England's

7.
attitude toward
it
?
—
league formed 1815 by the sovereigns Rus

of
Ans
in
A
.
sia
Austria and Prussia The Alliance attempted

to
coerce
,
the Spanish colonies revolt South America The British

in
in
of
government opposed this action the Alliance

.
Discuss humanitarian legislation England

in
in
8.
the
nineteenth century
.
-
slavery
of
Ans Abolition the West Indies

in
in
1838
;
.
reforms factories and other institutions employing labor

in
.
ers ; the enforcement of sanitary regulations on ocean pas

senger ships .
-
9. Give a brief account of the Reform Bill of 1832 .
Ans .
chised
It extended and simplified the suffrage, disfran
“ rotten " boroughs , distributed seats on a more
equitable bass , increased representation in large cities .
10. Enumcrate England's contributions to civilization .
Ans . - England , more properly Great Britain , established
self - governing colonies in Canada , Australia and New Zea
land ; it has contributed materially to advancement in
science , art , literature , political economy and invention .
KANSAS IIISTORY .
( Answer Any Ten .)
1. What devices , in addition to the textbook , should be
used in tcaching Kansas history ?
Ans.- Pictures of men and women connected with the
history of the state ; books by Kansas writers ; pictures of
scenery .
.
2. What natural resources have had much to do in the
development of the state ?
Ans Coal , oil, gas , salt , fertile soil , rich pastures .
—
3. Name four carly explorers of the country now included
in Kansas .
Ans. —Coronado , M. de Tissenet , M. D. Bourgmont ,
Zebulon M. Pike .
4. Name and locate five Indian tribės formerly occupying
Kansas .
Ans . — The Osages , Kaws , Shawnees , Ottawas , Cherokees .
All are now in what was the Indian Territory .
5. Describe thic Santa Fe Trail , giving its location , length ,
characteristics , history and importance.
Ans . — It started at Franklin in Missouri on the Missouri
River , and later at Independence , Mo. The trail passed
Council Grove southwest of Council Grove ; thence to Great
Bend ; thence by Fort Dodge into Colorado , and on to Santa
Fe . Length , about 800 miles . It really was the forerun
ner of the Santa Fe railroad , and was one of the great,
thoroughfares through the Territory .
6. From what original territories was Kansas Territory
formed ? When ?
Ans . — It was originally a part of the Louisiana Purchase .
Later , it was part of New Mexico and the Republic of Texas .
The bill organizing Kansas was signed by President Pierce
on May 30, 1854 .
7. What was the New England Emigrant Aid Society and
what was its purpose ?
STATE OF KANSAS 11
Ans . - It was organized in Massachusetts . Its purpose

was to colonize Kansas with Free State people , and to en
courage in every possible way the improvement of the
country .
8. Describe the Sack of Lawrence .
Ans . — The Sack was on May 21 , 1856 , and was under
the leadership of U. S. Marshal Donaldson. The printing
presses of the Herald of Freedom were thrown into the river ,
Chas. Robinson's house and the Free - State Hotel were
burned , and altogether property amounting to $ 150,000 was
destroyed
9. Who was the first governor of the state ? When did
he hold office ?
Ans . - Charles Robinson . From February 9 , 1861 , until
to January , 1863 .
10. What was the “ homestead law ” and how did it affect
-
the development of the state ?
Ans . It gave a title to 160 acres to any settler who
stayed on the land five years . The homesteader who had
been in the army or navy was allowed to deduct his time of
service . The law brought thousands of desirable immigrants
to the state .
11. Mention eight important laws enacted by the Kansas
Legislature since 1900 .
Ans. Blue Sky law ; aid to weak school districts ; rural
high schools ; consolidation laws ; sanitary inspection of
school houses ; direct primary ; normal training ; domestic
science legislation .
ORTHOGRAPHY .
1. Separation , chocolate , tuberculosis , contour , judiciary ,
sul poena , prairie , .parasites, siphon , crevasse , paralysis ,
larynx , protein , stencil, laboratory , fascinate , synonym ,
igneous , lichen , procedure ..
( Credit two points for each word spelled correctly .)
2. Tabulate the vowel sounds.. ( Diacritical markings . )
Ans .— See the dictionary or speller .
3. Discuss accent . Illustrate the various kinds with words
of your own selection .
Ans . — Primary is the principal accent as in the word
" contest . ' ' It is accented on the first syllable if it is a
noun ; on the last if it is a verb . The primary accent is
shown by a heavy oblique stroke ; the secondary by a lighter
stroke .It is difficult to make rules for accenting , as there
are so many exceptions. In words of two syllables , usually ,
the first is accented ; in words of three or more , the third
syllable from the last is generally accented . In the word
horizontal the primary accent is on the third syllable ; the

secondary on the first .
4. Is English orthography more difficult than that of
other languages ? so , why ?If
Ans . Probably on the average it is not . It is more dif
ficult than Spanish , but not more difficult than Russian ,
French or German .
5. Select a word of not less than three syllables , and give
Ans . — Example ,
a complete orthographic analysis .
irruption . From Latin irrumpere , to
burst into . Letters : i , vowel short ; r , consonant ; u , vowel ,
short ; p , consonant ; t , consonant ; 6 , vowel , sound in tion
indicated by u ; n , consonant. For further details , see the
dictionary .
6. What rules for spelling do you deem valuable ? Give
reasons .
Ans . - in f , l , or s , the final let.
In monosyllables ending
by
, ter
as
when preceded consonant
bein
is
doubled
is
it
,
a
iop Silent final
lopping dropped when suffixes
.
is
e
ginning with move moving

as
vowel are added The
in
a
.
final retained when suffixes beginning with conson
is
e
a
as
base basement When suffix added
is
in
ant are added
a
,
,
.
by
word ending preceded
to
is
consonant the
in in
y
y
. a
a
,
cherry cherries All the rules are
as
changed
to
,
i,
valuable
.
Form sentences showing correct use suf

7.
synonyms
of
:
ficicnt enough
worth value
;
.
. -
Ans great calm The sea was still The

—
There was
a
.
celebrated explorer lectured
at
the Auditorium The noted

.
explorer lectured the Auditorium They have sufficient

at
provisions for the voyage They have enough food for the
.
voyage That land The value of the

50
worth per acre

is
$
is .
per acre
50
land
$
READING
.
When may practice silent reading properly begin

1.
in
be ? ?
through whut grades should

be
Now long continued

it
e
,
.,
,
.i
Ans can begin the primary grades and may

It
upin
-
.
continued with profit the higlier classes

to
By what means may children become able read intel

to
2.
ligently words which they have not previously learned

?
of
By
Ans the watchful guidance the teacher

.
.
-
How does the process increasing the pupil's vocabu

of
3.
lary change
A higher grades
he
as
advances from lower

to
wider reading the best books brings the pupil

of
Ans
.-
contact with many new words

in
That teaching
as
dramatization
in
4.
is
is
the term used

STATE OF KANSAS 13
reading ? What is the advantage of dramatization in this

sense ?
Ans . - It makes the rendering more intense , and thus a
deeper impression is produced .
5. In connection with the lesson plan discuss the pupil's
part in the recitation . Illustrate by reference to some
familiar poem or prose selection .
6. Define melody , force , and quality as elements in the
mechanics of reading .
Ans .— ( a ) The element of music in reading . ( 6 ) It may
be termed modulation . It is the degree of loudness of sound
and the intensity of utterance . ( c ) Quality means the kind
of tone , as , pure , orotund , effusive , expressive , nasal
guttural , etc.
7. In the lower grades should reading be taught chiefly as
word study or as thought getting ? Give the reason for your
answer .
Ans .— As word study . The young child is attracted first
by the concrete , and that should be made the most promi
nent in teaching him . Thought - getting should be empha
sized when maturity comes in the more advanced classes .
10. In connection with the following selection prepare a
lesson plan , including ( a ) an introductory statement ; ( b )
directions for reading ; ( c ) five questions suitable for use
as test questions in the recitation .
THE ROBIN AND THE CHICKEN .
A plump little robin flew down from a tree ,
To hunt for a worm , which he happened to see ;
A frisky young chicken came scampering by ,
And gazed at the robin with wondering eye.
Said the chick , “ What a queer - looking chicken is that !
Its wings so long and its body so fat ! ”
While the robin remarked loud enough to be heard ,
“ Dear me ! an exceedingly strange - looking biril . ”
Can you sing ? ” robin asked , and the chicken said " No , "
But asked in his turn if the robin could crow .
So the bird sought a tree , and the chicken a wall ,
And each thought the other knew nothing at all .
-Grace F. Coolidge .
Ans . — An artistic setting on the blackboard with colored
crayons would help greatly in placing the lesson effectively
before the minds of pupils . Bring out by questioning the
habits of each bird . Let the teacher give instructions as to
the words to be emphasized , plump , hunt, frisky , scamper
ing , queer - looking, exceedingly , sing , No , crow , tree, wall,
at all. Questions : ( 1) Do children act like the chicken
and robin ? ( 2 ) How ? ( 3 ) What can a robin do best ?

(4) What can a chicken do best ? ( 5 ) Which of the birds
is the most useful to us !
PHYSIOLOGY .
1. What has been done under the authority of the state
legislature within the last five years to benefit the health of
the people of Kansas ?
Ans .— A sanatorium for tubercular patients has been es
tablished ; sanitary rules for barber shops; State Board of
Health empowered to analyze water ; examination and regis
tration of trained nurses ; provisions for hospital treatment
of the indigent poor .
2. Name five diseases caused by germs . Discuss the bac
()
terial theory of discase .
Ans . a Tuberculosis , typhoid fever , diphtheria , cholera ,
erysipelas. ( 6 ) Those which live on living organic matter
are called parasites . They are the dangerous bacteria . They
excrete into the blood and tissues poisonous substances .
Flies and mosquitoes carry harmful bacteria . Typhoid fever
bacteria are found in milk and water .
3. How would you apply the principles of sanitation and
hygiene in and about your schoolroom ?
Ans .— By having an even , comfortable temperature every
day and hour, cleanliness of floors , walls , windows , books ,
etc .; strict sanitary rules to prevail in all outhouses .
4. Name the digestive fluids and state the functions of
each .
Ans . - Saliva keeps the food moist in the mouth ; the
pancreatic juice of
is great importance in promoting
digestion ; intestinal juices are also factors in digestion ; the
gastric juice acts on animal food in the stomach . The con
tents of the stomach are formed into a fluid named chyme .
This passes into the duodenum , where it is mingled with
the bile and pancreatic juice .
5. Atention three uses of the skin .
Ans. - It is a protective covering ; it gives the sense of
touch ; and is the organ for the elimination of perspiration .
6. Name proper foods for ( a ) children from six to twelve
years of age ; ( 1 ) farmers ; ( c ) bookkeepers . Give reasons .
Ans . ( a) Cereals , coarse bread , eggs , vegetables , fruits ,
fish , milk . ( b ) The foods named , also meats of various
kinds . The farmer's work is heavy and he needs more solid
food . ( c ) They should eat more lightly than farmers be
cause sitting at a desk is not favorable to the digestion of
strong food . In general it may be said that no one , young
STATE OF KANSAS 15
or old , should eat what does not harmonize with one's

system .
7. Discuss the source , distribution , and regulation of the
-
heat of the body .
Ans . Ileat is supplied through oxidation , which is the
union of oxygen with the nutritive elements in the food and
with the carbon of the blood in the lungs . The surplus is
carried out by the sweat glands , lungs , and an even tem
perature of heat is maintained .
8. Locate and describe the pleura , diaphragm , femur ,
cerebellum , and Eustachian tube .
Ans .-( a ) The name of the mucous membrane which lines
the walls of the thorax and lungs. ( b ) A muscular mem
brane making the partition between the thorax and abdomen .
( c ) Known as the thigh bone . It is the longest bone in the
body . ( d ) It is below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum .
The convolutions are less marked than they are in the cere
brum and the gray and white tissue are more intermingled .
( e ) It connects the back part of the mouth with the middle
ear .
9. Mention two foods rich in proteids and two rich in
carbohydrates.
Ans .-
( a ) Lean meats , eggs , casein , the gluten of wheat
flour and of peas and beans. ( b ) Starch , sugar .
10. What is the mental effect of tobacco on the young ?
What is the ultimate effect of cigarettes on the mind and
body ?
Ans .- (a)
Lessens the power of concentration , weakens
the will power.
(b) It leads to a collapse of the bodily and
mental powers.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. What is our motive for teaching civil government ?
What is the source of the material you teach in this subject ?
Ans . ( a) To train the children for citizenship ; to give
them a knowledge of the principles upon which our govern
ment is based . (
b ) The constitution and laws of the United
States and of the states, county and township government ;
observing local conditions .
2. What relation has the discipline of your school to the
end to be obtained by teaching civil government ? Explain .
Ans . — The school is the government in miniature . Chil
dren should be taught that obedience to just rules in the
school trains to obedience to the laws of the township ,
county , state and nation .
3. What should be the plan of teaching civics in the lower
grades ? Outline a lesson in civics for the fourth grade .
Ans.- ( a ) The work should be done largely by oral in

struction , beginning with the government of the school and
going up by easy steps to the township , county and beyond .
( b ) For the applicant .
4. What classes of cities are there in Kansas ? Name the
(
different kinds of municipal government , and state the.
method of electing the officers in each .
Ans . a ) Cities of the first , second , and third class . ( b )
By council and commission . Members of the council are
elected by wards ; of the commission , by the voters of the
entire city .
5. What are the legal qualifications for a voter in Kan
sas ? How often are state elections held ? Are any officers
elected at the general election in your county who serve more
than two years ?
Ans.- ( a ) Every man and woman twenty -one years of
age , who shall have lived in Kansas six months preceding
any election , and in the township or ward in which he or
she offers to vote at least thirty days preceding the election ;
citizens of the United States . Criminals and insane persons
are expected . ( b ) In November every two years . ( c ) County
commissioner .
6. Define citizenship . Is there any restriction on any
foreigner becoming a citizen of the United Ştates ? If
so ,
stute what it is and whom it affects.
Ans .— ( a ) A resident of a country . ( 6 ) The Chinese are
barred by law .
7. Name and locate the penal institutions in Kansas .
IV hat board has direct supervision of these institutions ?
Ans . ( a ) Kansas State Penitentiary , at Lansing ; Kan
sas State Industrial Reformatory , at Hutchinson ; Industrial
School for Boys , at Topeka ; Industrial School for Girls , at
Beloit . ( b ) State Board of Corrections .
8. State the qualifications , term , and salary of the presi
dent, senators , and representatives of the United States . Of
the senators and representatives of Kansas .
Ans.— ( a ) President : Must be a natural -born citizen ;
must have attained the age of thirty -five years ; must have
been fourteen years a resident within the United States .
Term , four years. Salary , $ 75,000 , and $ 25,000 for travel .
ing expenses . U. S. Senator : Must have attained the age
of thirty years ; must have been nine years a citizen of the
United States ; must be , when elected , an inhabitant of the
state for which he is chosen . Term , six years . Salary .
$ 7,500 a year . Representative : Must have attained the age
of twenty -five ; must have been a citizen of the Uniteil
States seven years . Must be , when elected , an inhabitant
of the state in which he shall be chosen . ( 6 ) Senators in
STATE OF KANSAS 17
Kansas : The same qualifications as for voters . Term , four

years. Salary , $ 3 per day for fifty days . Representatives
for
in Kansas : Same qualifications as voters Term two
per day for fifty days
,
.
,
years Salary
3
$
.
.
Name the United States courts How many members

9.
.
By whom are
of
the Supreme Court
of
the United States
?
they appointed and for how long
?
Appeal Dis
of
.-
Ans Supreme Court Circuit Courts
;
;
a
(
; )
Court of Commerce
of
trict Courts Court Claims Terri
;
of
of
of
torial Courts Courts the District Columbia Court
;
;
Customs Appeals Nine the Chief Justice and eight
( 6
;
.
(
)
By the President
of
Associate Justices the United
c
)
.
States s ubject confirmation by the United States Senate

to
,
.
They serve during good behavior
.
10 Who the Governor Kansas of of
Lieutenant Gov
is
?
.
-
ernor Who was the speaker the House during the recent
?
Legislature
of
Mention three the most im
of
session the
?
the Kansas Legis

by
portant laws passed
of
the 1915 session
lature
.
Ans Arthur Capper W. Morgan

Y.
b
a
c
(
)
(
)
.
.
Robert Stone Creating State Civil Service Commis
d
a
(
)
.
so
strengthening Sky
. re
of
sion the called Blue law

;
;
“
'
-
of
the State Department Public Instruction

of
organization
ELEMENTARY GENERAL SCIENCE

.
Answer Any Ten

(
)
.
properties
of
Name and illustrate three universal
1.
matter
.
—
The properties No
of
Ans matter Extension

it 1
.
(
)
:
.
portion
of
matter how small matter must occupy some

a
is
,
space Impenetrability While matter occupies

a
of(2
)
.
.
portion space excludes all other matter from that por

,
it
Divisibility Bodies
of
tion matter are divisible into

,
3
(
.
still smaller portions

.
How was the length day first determined

of
Explain
2.
?
by
what solur siderial and lunar day

. is
meant
,
Ans The time which elapses between two successive re

—
of
as
turns meridian has been employed

to
the sun
a
time from very ancient times Days are dis

of
measure
.
lunar according
as
tinguished
, as
or
solar sidereal the revo

,
,
taken relatively
of
lution the earth the sun the stars

to
is
or the moons
.
In
an
what three ways heat transferred Give illus

3.
is
?
of
tration each
.
Ans.- Heat transferred by Conduction Hold

in is
a
1
(
)
.
:
piece lamp flame and hold the other

of
wire the
in
a
hand Heat travels from the end the flame toward the
in
.
hand . (
2) Convection . The air about a heated stove be
comes heated , expands rapidly , and rises , while the cold
its
air pours in from the sides to take place Thus the
.
heat conveyed from one place another Radiation
to
is
(3
.
.
hotter colder body warmed by
A
ody loses heat and
is
a
the heat through intervening medium
of
an
the transference
which not itself warmed In this manner the earth
is
is
.
heated by the sun
by
What humidity By relative humidity
4.
is
meant
?
When the relative humidity high what change weather
in
is
conditions might produce rain
?
IIumidity refers
of
Ans the moisture the atmosphere
to
-
.
.
By relative humidity
of
meant the amount moisture that
is
the air contains compared the amount that will hold
If to
it
the same temperature the relative humidity high
a at
is
,
.
lowering temperature might produce rain
of
sudden the
.
Into what three great groups have the rocks
of
which
5.
composed been divided Define

of
the crust
is
the earth
?
each group
The three great groups
of
Ans Sedi
—
rocks are
of (1
)
.
. by
:
mentary
or
These have been formed deposits sand
.
mud on the bottoms of lakes and seas Igneous These
2
)
.
(
from
or
have cooled and hardened melted much heated
a
state Metamorphic large class
or
These conipose
.
a
3
(
)
rock intermediate between sedimentary rocks and igneous

rocks
.
of
Will cold air cxert any more pressure at the

6.
mass
a
Explain
an
equal mass
of
of
surface the earth than hot air ?

fully your answer
.
Àns The cold air will exert more pressure than an equal
of —
.
hot air because cold air will be less volume but

in
mass
inuch greater density than the hot air
in
, .
Define wind thunder monsoon and prevailing

7.
"
westerlies What are the principal differences between

a
A ."
tornado and cyclone

a
?
—
air moving through the atmosphere

of
Ans current
in
.
any direction and with any velocity called wind The

ofis
violent report which follows flash lightning called

is
a
thunder The monsoons are the periodic winds that blow

.
over Southern Asia and the Indian ocean The prevailing

.
are the westerly winds

of
westerlies the middle latitudes

.
a ”
of
They are part the great atmospheric circulation the

of
the prevailing
of
earth The cyclones are the storms

.
These winds swing around from right left

to
westerlies
.
or
vast whirls which are several hundred one thousand

in
miles across The tornadoes are sudden and very violent

.
STATE OF KANSAS 19
storms . They are characterized by a dark funnel - shaped

cloud and by a whirling motion .
8. Describe the mechanism and explain the process by
which plants take water and mineral from the soil . Be
-
specific .
Ans . A root is composed of thin -walled cells permeable
to water . The interior of the cell is lined with a layer
of protoplasm with a space in the center which contains cell
sap . By the process called osmosis , the water of the soil
passes through the layer of protoplasm into the solution com
posing the cell sap . Any mineral substances which the water
of the soil holds in solution are carried into the plant with
the water .
9. The animal , kingdom has been divided into what tuo
great classes ? What is the lowest form of animal life ? Ex
plain how life is affected by climate ; by man .
Ans . — The two great classes of the animal kingdom are
the protazoa and the metazoa . The lowest forms are the
protozoa . The great influence of climate as a control over
the distribution of plants and animals may be seen when
one observes how the life of any region is adapted to meet
the conditions of that region , and how closely confined
certain types and species of life are to certain regions . Man
is much more independent of these controls than other
animals on account of his resourcefulness in protecting him
self by clothing and in providing means of transporting
food into regions where it can not be produced .
10. What is meant by a coastal plain ? Give briefly the
life history of such a plain . What kind of coasts are found
in the United States ?
Ans . - By a coastal plain is meant a strip of low land along
the sea - coast. This strip of land was once part of a shallow
sca bottom . Then the land has been raised and the smooth ,
sea bottom has become the coastal plain . The North At
lantic coast of the United States is rugged and irregular ;
,
Delaware New Jersey and the Carolinas are good examples
of coastal plains . The Chesapeake Bay region is an illus
tration of a drowned valley . The Pacific coast line is fairly
regular and offers few good harbors .
11. What is meant by the glacial period ? What portions
of the surfoce of the United States were modified during
this period ? What was the nature of the modification ?
Ans .— There was a time when a large part of North
America was covered by a great ice - sheet. This extended
as far south as the Missouri and Ohio Rivers . Some of
the modifications of the surface by the glaciers are the
formation of lakes , the wearing down of hills , and the de
20 COUNTY EIXAMINATION QUESTIONS
posit of vast quantities of waste .

12. How are mountains formed ? What causes produce
mountain peaks ? What are volcanocs ? Name three of the
world's greatest volcanoes .
Ans . - Because the earth's crust has been contracting on
its
account of cooling strain has been produced which has
a
,
forced portions the crust upward From the position
ofof
of
.
is
the layers
of
gathered
of
rocks evidence the number
upheavals that have occurred The peaks are those parts
.
up
higher than the rest
of
which have been thrust the
range they may represent those parts which are more
or
,
resistant eroding forces which have worn away the

to
the
surrounding parts the range conical hill
of
volcano
is
, a
.
mountain from whence issue smoke vapor mud ashes
or
,
,
and lava Three
of
the world's greatest volcanoes are
.
Vesuvius Stromboli and Aetna

,
.
ENGLISH CLASSICS
.
What previous knowledge necessary for the compre
1.
is
Captain My Captain ???
of
hension
O
“
of ,
to
Ans Knowledge the circumstances leading the
-
.
tragical close
of
Lincoln's life the terrible war and some

;
,
thing about Walt Whitman's own connection with the war
.
Describe your method presentation
of
of
the poem
2.
.
.
of to
Name least three thoughts that should come the
at
3.
pupil from studying Captain My Captain

O
of “
”
!
—
Ans The close the war and the fearful cost the
,
.
victory the great leader

to
the tribute and the sadness

;
mingled with the rejoicing because the Captain was not liv
ing his great work
to
of
see the fruits

.
appreciation and criticism in

of
4.
Contrast the values

a
- of
study classic
a
Ans Criticism though analysis

an
as
means review
it
,
a
.
usually construed being unfavorable Much

ofof
as
work
is
it a
ap
reckless and without foundation sympathetic

is
A
a .
preciation greater value than

of
of
classic has course

a
unreasoning criticism
.
Tell briefly the story

of
of
the Christ
5.
the Andes
“
."
Ans After long quarrel between Chile and the Argen

a
of .-
tine Republic the questions dispute were submitted the

of to
in
,
king Great Britain for arbitration He gave part the

territory each country and both were satisfied beau
to
tiful bronze statue

of of
Christ was erected on the new Boun

re
dary symbol everlasting peace between the two

as
a
publics Andean peak 14,000 feet above

on
an
The statue
is
.
the sea
.
STATE OF KANSAS 21
6. What movements are being made today towards inter

national peace ?
Ans . - Conventions are held periodically at the Hague , and
there are societies , national and local , whose purpose it is
to promote peace .
7. Mention other readings that would awaken a desire for
peace in the minds of pupils.
Ans . — Isaiah XXXV , Isaiah LXV , 17 to 25 ; Revelation
XXI , 1 to 4.
8.( a) What was the occasion of “ The Gettysburg Ad
dress ' ) ? ( 6 ) Why is it considered a classic ?
Ans .- ( a ) It was delivered by President Abraham Lin
coln in dedicating the cemetery on the battlefield of Gettys
burg . ( b ) Because of the simplicity , beauty and strength of
the language , and the nobleness of the thought .
9. What is there in “ The Gettysburg Address ' ' that coulil
be used as a plea for peace ? Explain your method of using .
Ans.— ( a) The Christian spirit that pervades the entire
address. (6 ) For the applicant .
10. Which one of the three classics mentioned above would
pupils probably grade highest as literature ? appreciate
most ? Give reasons for answers .
Ans . — The Gettysburg Address . Because of the reasons .
already gived
PHYSICS .
.
1. Distinguish between mass and volume , between force
and power , and between work and energy .
Ans ( a ) The mass of a body is the quantity of matter
it contains . The quantity of space occupied by a body is
its volume . ( 6 ) Force is that which changes the motion of
a body as to direction or magnitude . Power is the rate at
which work is done . ( c ) When force acts upon a body , work
is done . For instance , the force of steam overcomes the
resistance of motion . The power which body has in pro
ducing motion in a second body is termed energy .
2. Give three reasons why the metric system of units has
an advantage over the English system .
Ans . - It is claimed for it that it has the advantage in its
ratio of ten between the successive denominations ; in the
relations of the prefixes added as deka ; hekto , etc., and of
the subdivisions , deci, milli , etc .; also in the simplifications
in tables of weight and capacity.
3. State Archimedes ' principle . Find the density of G
piece of iron which weighs 21.6 grams in air and 18.6 grams
in water .
Ans . ( a) A solid immersed in any fluid loses an amount
of weight equal to the weight of an equal volume of the

fluid .
4. A man climbs a flight of stairs in 10 seconds ; the dis
tance between floors is 10 feet ; the man weighs 160 pounds.
What horsepower does he represent ?
Ans .— Work ( foot-pounds ) —force X space . Force has the
same numerical measure as the resistance which is , in this
case , 160 pounds . Therefore No. foot - pounds work = 160
x10 = 1,600 . Since 1,600 foot -pounds of work are done in
10 seconds , 160 foot -pounds of work are done in one sec
ond . A horsepower is 550 foot -pounds per second . Hence
the man represents 16750 , or 1965, of a horsepower .
5. What is the difference between a barometer and a ther
mometer ? Define calorie , specific heat , and heat of fusion .
Ans . ( a) The barometer is an instrument to find atmos
pheric pressure through the rise and fall of mercury in a
tube . Similarly the thermometer adjusted to find the de
gree of heat or cold or in other words , to measure tempera
tures . ( b ) A heat unit . ( c ) The capacity of a substance
for heat as compared with the capacity of an equal quantity
of some other substance taken as unity . ( d ) The number of
units of heat required to melt a unit mass of ice is called
the heat of fusion by water .
6. Discuss the purposes of lightning rods .
Ans .— It is to protect buildings . The points on a building
receives the electricity from overhanging clouds and neutral
ize it . The lower end of the protective wire is passed into
. the earth to a good conducting stratum .
7. A 110 -volt carbon lamp requires 1 ampere of current to
produce 16 candlepower of light . If I use 5 such lamps for
20 hours what will it cost at 10 cents per kilowatt hour ?
Ans.-No. watts per lamp 110 X = 55 .
No. lamp -hours 20 X 5 = 100 .
No. watt -hours 100 X 55 = 5500 .
5500 watt -hours : 5.5 kilowatt hours .
5.5 K. W. hours at 10 cents per K. W. hour is 55 cents .
8. What physical effects may be had from a current of
electricity ? Give examples of some way in which these ef
fects are used .
Ans . —We may mention heating effects utilized in firing
hlasts , in exploding torpedoes , in cauterizing , in electric heat
ing , and electric lighting ; chemical effects utilized in elec
troplating , electrotyping ; the storage battery ; magnetic ef
fects utilized in the electro -magnet which has a wide use , es
pecially in dynamos .
9. What are the uses of a voltmeter , a transformer , a gal .
vanometer , an electromagnet , and an electroscope ?
STATE OF KANSAS 23
Ans .-( a ) An instrument to measure volts. ( 6 ) Used

in a comparison of currents as to their magnetic effects . ( c )
A coil of wire traversed by an electrie current and contain
ing a core of soft iron has the power to attract and move
heavy iron objects . ( d) An electro magnet the form of
which is in the form of a horseshoe or U. e) An apparatus (
for showing the presence of an electric charge , or for de
itsits
termining sign whether positive but not for
or
negative
,
measuring ,
or
amount value
.
10. Explain pitch color and image and state how sound
;
,
,
and light are transmitted from one point another
to
determined by
.
.-
The pitch
of
Ans musical sound
in is
(a
a
)
vibrations made by the body

of
the number second
( (2
a
)c )
.
by
its
light wave length
of
The color determined

, is
.
pencil rays diverging luminous point falls
of
When from
a
,
to
plane mirror the reflected rays will appear
on
diverge
a
from point similarly placed behind the mirror and

a
a
at
,
that of the luminous point before the
to
distance equal
In
of
of
mirror the transmission sound the vibrations
d
(
)
.
sonorous bodies produce the air waves of condensation and

in
rarefaction ever in
in
These waves succeed each other
.
-
creasing spheres until they reach the ear
.
.
What the relation between the brain and the mind
1.
is
?
By what physical conditions the mind affected
is
?
of
.-
Ans The brain the seat consciousness and voli

is
a
(
)
tion
of
The cerebral hemispheres are the centers the
.
intelligence reason
of
nervous system they are the seat

;
By diseases
of
and will various kinds

6
(
)
.
Show how rich environment contributes the de

to
2.
a
of
velopment the nervous system

.
Ans rich environment induces tranquility of nerves

A
.
healthful man
so
contributes develop the system

in
to
and
a
ner Good health and sound sense organs give strong

a
.
nervous system
.
Give two practical suggestions for training the memory

3.
and explain the principles involved

.
association For instance one re

of
Ans By the laws

—
.
or .
members passage from sermon lecture because was

it
a
associated with gesture Committing memory poetry

a
to
is
.
great aid strengthening the memory

is in
a
of
What attention and

4.
the connection between an act

What application
of
be
inan
the will
of
act this should made

?
teaching
) ?
the power
of
Ans Attention concentrating the

It
is
a
.
(
by
subject
on
mental faculties directed trained

is
a
a
.
will . ( b ) Show children the great value of attention in ac

quiring knowledge. Let the recitations be made interesting
and attention will follow .
5. Explain and illustrate the statement, “ Sensation gives
qualities and reception gives objects. ”
Ans. - Objects have certain qualities which sensation en
ables one to discover .
6. Mention three things which should receive the teacher's
attention on the first day of school and tell why each is
important .
Ans . - she should get acquainted with each pupil
or
Ile
;
the seating should tactful way and
be
done should
in
it
a
;
seen that every one has the necessary books
im
be
The
.
portance things
of
these self evident
is
of .
What are two prominent results
7.
the new interest
in
rural life and rural institutions
?
Ans Rural high schools have been provided for by
a
.
law recently enacted and state inspection
of
rural schools
,
see answer 10 has begun

(
.
be
8.
providing for the proper

heating
What should observed in
of
school room
a
be
That the temperature
70
Ans even and about de
in —
,
.
parts of the room That the children be pro

all
grees
.
tected from draughts

.
Iow are the funds provided for the support
of
dis
9.
a
by
be
trict school What action must taken different

?
taxpayer's money can paid out for the

be
officers before
a
oj
salary teacher
a a
?
.
Ans Mainly by taxes authorized by the annual meet

(
)
.
ing
of
the property
be
on
the district Some money

to
levied
.
received from the state The taxes are collected by

is
b
(
)
.
to
the county treasurer and the amount paid the district

is
treasurer on the order of the director and clerk The amount

.
paid by the district treasurer

on
due the teacher the

is
order of the director and clerk

.
the state department of education made

up
10. How
is
under the provisions

of
of
the law 1915

The
?
of
Ans law empowered the State Board Education

.-
secretary for four years who to serve inspec

as
to
elect
is
a
colleges and universities accredited by the State Board

of
tor
matters re
all
have charge
of
he
of
Education and
to
is
,
lating state teachers certificates The secretary's

is to
.
'
salary 2,400 The law further provides that the state

$
.
ofof
superintendent public instruction may with the con

,
Education appoint
of
sent and advice the State Board

,
assistants not exceeding four who shall serve supervisors

as
,
the public schools including rural graded

of
of
the state
,
1
STATE OF KANSAS 25
and high schools . Salary of each inspector is not to exceed

$ 2,000 per annum . Traveling expenses are allowed . The
salary of the state superintendent is increased from $ 2,500
to $ 3,000 per annum , and of the assistant , from $ 1,600 to
$ 2,000 per annum . For further details sec the April num
ber of the WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL . The entire act is
published in that issue .
AGRICULTURE .
( Answer ten . )
1. What are the ideal conditions for a good orchard site ?
Why are these conditions important ?
Ans . - A porthern slope with a deep soil , with moisture
capacity in proximity to a body of water. The north slope
is not subject to so much variation in temperature , a deep ,
moist soil promotes good growth , whilst the body of water
equalizes the temperature.
2. To what special conditions are sorghums peculiarly
adapted ? Why ? What are the chief classes of sorghums ?
What character distinguishes each class ?
Ans . - Sorghums are peculiarly adapted to hot , dry climate
because the leaves curl or roll tightly during hot, dry
weather , which prevents transpiration of water . The chief
classes arę saccharine and non -saccharine sorghums . The
one has an abundance of sweet juice in the stalks . The
other is characterized by absence of sweet juice in the stalk .
3. What poor methods of harvesting affect the value of
wheat ? Describe the effects these methods have on the value
of wheat .
- Wheat cut with a header is often left long in the
Ans .
shock exposed to dew and rain , when cut with a header it
is often over ripe, stacked immediately and injured by rain.
Wheat exposed long to changing weather loses quality for
.
food , shrinks and sells less readily
4. What kind of perennial weed ( as to method of pro
pagation ) is most dangerous ? Ilow may such wcéds be
combated ?
Ans . — Perennial weeds which propagate by forming new
crowns from the old ones so that a single plant makes a
whole patch and tap roots which penetrate deep into the
soil , are dangerous, examples are the dandelion and buck .
horn . The only remedy is to plow the ground and cultivate
crops upon it until the weeds are exterminated .
5. What are the charactcristics of soils formed by water ?
Where are they found ? Same for wind - formed soils ? In
what part of the state are they most common ?
Ans . - Soils formed by water are the alluvial soils , char
26 COUNTY EXAMINATION -QUESTIONS
acterized by their fertility , and are found in the valleys

and near the streams . Soils which have been deposited by
the winds are known as loessial soils ; they are very product
ive if supplied with sufficient moisture . They are found
in Western Kansas .
6. How may one increase the water - holding capacity of
the soil in a field ? Explain why the practice has that effect .
Ans .— The soil should be plowed early and deep . Tillage
as soon as practicable after rain . The early deep plowing
affords opportunity for absorption of moisture and tillage
prevents escape .
7. What are some of the essentials of a good poultry
house ? Tow should one care for eggs which are to be
marketed ?
Ans.— The house should face the south with glass win
dows to emit light and other openings covered with cloth to
emit air . The openings allow for an ample supply of fresh
air . The other sides of the house should be built tight to
prevent drafts of air . The eggs for market should be gath
ered daily and placed in a room with temperature never
over 68 degrees , also dry and free from odors.
8. How do bacon hogs differ from lar hogs ? Give a de
scription and tell something of the origin of the breeds of
fat hogs .
head and legs , broad back and strong hams

resented by such breeds as the Poland China
. ,
Ans. — The lard hog has a compact, thick , deep body , short
They are rep
Berkshire ,
Chester White and Duroc Jersey . The lard hog is a general
purpose hog in Kansas and United States .
The bacon hog is a narrow backed , slim hog , raised mostly
in Canada and Great Britain , where the type of feed is dif
ferent. They are represented by the Yorkshire , llampshire
and Tamworth . Both types have been developed from cor
responding types of wild hogs . The Poland China is of
American origin , developed from common and mixed breeds
in Ohio . Mature early and fatten easily .
9. Give a sketch of the life history of an insect which at
tacks wheat . Of one which attacks a garden crop . Suggest
control measures for each .
Ans .— The lessian fly attacks wheat . The adult fly
the warm
its
as
on as
emerges from flaxseed stage soon

“
spring days appear The eggs are deposited the blades

.
maggots
of
wheat where few days they hatch the

in
,
,
a
of "
the joints the plant

, . or
to
then work themselves crown

,
where they feed upon and weaken They are controlled

it
by
thorough stirring the seed bed destroying volunteer

of
wheat and late planting

.
The potato bug the potato They

of
the arch enemy

is
.
STATE OF KANSAS 27
hibernate in the ground until the warm days of spring, when

they come out and deposit their eggs on the potato leaves .
In a week these hatch and the larvæ devour the plants .
Paris green is the remedy .
10. In what way does drainage benefit land ? What are
the advantages of a tile drain ? Tell briefly how it is put in .
make wet land productive
Its
Ans . — main purpose
to
is
,
and also permits aeration and warmth The tile drainage
has the advantage having the way and
an
. of
of
outlet out
prevents wash
of
soil
dug and the sections jointed tile placed
of
in
trench
A
is
the bottom by means

of
tile hooks and the trench filled
.
of
11. What kind site and soil would you choose for
a
? a
garden garden
be
How should the soil for managed
a
?
Give reasons
.
The soil
—
. be
Ans The garden should near the house
.
.
plowed
be
be
rich and well drained It
, in
must should the
fali that the soil may
be
in
aerated moisture retained
. ,
,
sects destroyed and sooner warmed
WRITING
.
Describe the position the body and way
of
holding
of
1.
the pen while writing

.
—
Body erect feet flat upon the floor arms

on
Ans desk
;
,
.
resting them from elbows hands eyes proper distance

to
from the paper

:
of
Make line each the compact oval the push and

2.
-
pull exercise and retraced ovals two spaces high
,

( -.
.
of
Write five lines connected small letter five

3.
o,
in a)
letters group three groups the line Write five

to
a
b
,
(
)
.
. of
in
lincs connected small letter the same way

m

-
counting the writing class

of
in
Discuss the use

4.
By counting the speed can

-
regulated
be
Ans
,
.
a .
Write twenty words beginning each with different

5.
capital letter
.

.
MUSIC
.
When quarter note the beat note what the time

1.
a is
a is
a
measure signature when dotted half note fills

or
measure
?
Ans sign better name for this sign

—
Measure seems
a
or
”
.
than either time signature measure signature re

,
.
"
”
"
stricting the name signature the key sign

to
"
"
What range should characterize songs for children

in
2.
the lower grades

?
Ans . - First- grade children can safely sing from D to F ,

represented by treble staff degrees space below and fifth
line . Second - grade children can add F sharp above and D
flat ( C sharp ) below . Third and fourth grades can extend
down to middle B , and up to upper G. Avoidance of excess
in power and frequency of extreme tones is presupposed .
3. Name the letters of the spaces on the treble staff from
the top downward .
Ans. - Space above , G , fourth space , E
, third space , C ,
second space , A , first space , F , space below , D.
4. Represent the key of B flat on the F clef , and state for
what voices this cļef is used .
Ans.- ( a) For the applicant . (b ) Bass, sometimes tenor .
5. Explain the use of a natural , double flat , and double
sharp.
Ans . — The “ natural " ( newer and preferable name ,
" cancel " ' ) cancels the effect of a previous sharp , double
sharp , or double flat . The double flat makes a flatted staff
degree represent a pitch “ one half - step lower. " The
double sharp makes a sharped staff degree represent a pitch ,
“ one half- step higher . (
The last two characters are less
frequently applied to staff degrees not already sharped or
flatted , but if
so employed would mean a step higher or
lower pitch . A single cancel nullifies effect of either a
single or double sharp or flat , and a cancel and sharp , or
' cancel and flat may restore the single sharp or flat effect.
Sometimes
serve the same purpose
,
a single sharp or flat following the double may
without the cancel combination .
Usage is not uniform . )
STATE OF KANSAS 29
July 2-3 , 1915 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. By what means is the idea of number developed
in the
child's mind ?
Ans. The first ideas of numbers come to the child
through his familiarity with the concrete . Along with the
objects the symbols which stand for the numbers should be
taught . In time the child will learn to think of number
in the abstract and to represent it by the symbols .
2. Write the Roman numerals for 16 , 27 , 36 , 47 , 55 , 67 , 74 ,
83 , 99 , 159 .
XVI XXVII
Ans. — , , XXXVI , , LV , , XLVII LXVII
LXXIV LXXXIII
, , XCIX , CLIX .
3. How may multiplication and division be related in
:- :
teaching ? Illustrate by an example .
Ans . Since 4X12 = 48 , it follows that 48 4 = 12 , and
48 12 = 4. For 18 : 6 = we may substitute 6X ? = 18.
Thus it may be shown that the dividend is related to the
multiplier and quotient as the product is to the multiplier
and multiplicand .
4. Define least common multiple , denominate number , in
terest , pyramid , premium .
Ans . - The least common multiple is the least number that
will contain without a remainder any one of two or more
numbers . For example , 30 is the l . c. m . of 2 , 3 , and 5. Con
crete numbers denoting measure are called denominate num
money paid
lb.
bers . For example , 3 lb. 4 Interest

is
$
7
by
.
pyramid
of
for the use money solid bounded

A
is
a
bya
.
polygon of any number

of
sides called the base and

,
triangles which meet common point called the vertex The

a
premium the money paid for insurance

is
dividing
of
of
What the effect the denominator

5.
is
fraction Explain
?
Ans.- Dividing the denominator fraction multiplies

is of
a
the fraction The fractional unit increased while the

.
of
number units taken remains unchanged

.
dealer bought 2,000 tons coal for 9,000

of
He sold
6.
A
he .:
$
strike then occurring

at
600 tons 5.25 ton was ablo

a A
a
$
,
.
What per cent did

he
sell the rest

to
at
6.75 ton make

$
on his investment
?
Solution.
Receipts from first sale
=
600 5.25 3,150

X
$
= $
.
.
1,400 6.75 9,450 Receipts from second sale

–— + X
== = $
$
.
.
3,150 9,450 12,600 Total receipts

$ $
$
$ $ $
.
.
12,600 9,000 3,600 Gain

$
.
.
3,600 9,000 .40

$
.
Therefore he made 40 % on his investment .

7. If a boy 5 feet high casts a shadow 3.2 feet long , what
is the height of a school building that casts a shadow 35.2
feet long at the same time ?
Solution. 3.2 : 35.2 :: 5 : 3 ( 55 ) .
35.2 X 5
X = =55 .
3.2
8. If it takes 550 cubic feet of clover hay to make a ton ,
how many tons will fill a mow 32 feet long , the width being
double the depth and being half the length ?
Solution . The dimensions of the mow are 32 ft . long , 16
ft . wide, and 8 ft. deep .
32 X 16 X 8
No. of tons = = 7.447 .
550
The mow will hold approximately 71 tons of clover hay .
9. A man borrowed $ 650 on May 1 , at 5 per cent, and
$ 1,500 on July 5 , at 41 per cent . He paid the
principal and
interest in each case on December 16 of the same year . How
much did he pay ?
Solution . - From May 1 to Dec. 16 is 229 days.
$.03816 Int . on $ 1 at 6 % for 229 days.
650
108
190
228
$ 24.808 Interest on $ 650 at 6 % for 229 days.

4.134 Deduct 16.
$ 20.674 Interest at 5 % .
650.00 Add the principal .
$670.67 Amount of first note .

From July 16 is 164 days .
5 to Dec.
$ .027 } Interest on $ 1 at 6 % for 164
days .
1,500
500
135
27
$ 41.000 Interest on $ 1,500 at 6 % for 164 days .

10.25 Deduct 4.
STATE OF KANSAS 31
$30.75 Interest at 41 % .
1,500.00 Add the principal .
$ 1,530.75 Amount of second note .

670.67 Add amount of first note .
$ 2,101.42 Total amount paid Dec. 16.

10. A telegraph pole is set perpendicular to the ground ,
and a wire is fastened to it 18 fect from the ground , and
then to a stake 13 feet 6
inches from the foot of the pole , so
as to hold it in place. How long is the wire ?
Solution . It
is required to find the hypotenuse of a right
triangle whose perpendicular sides are 131 feet . and 18 feet,
H = V ( 1312) 2 X 18 2
=
V 18214 X 324
V 50614
= V 2025 = V4 = 45 = 2 = 2212.
Therefore the wire is 221,2 feet long .

1. In what grade should drill in letter writing be intro
luced ? What should be the extent and nature of these
letters ?
Ans . (a ) The third grade. ( b ) The proper heading ,
salutation , and closing should be taught . Short letters may
be written making request for favors , acknowledging favors
received , or they may be of a descriptive , news or business
character .
2. How would you use stories as a means of teaching
language ?
-
Ans . Ilave pupils repeat orally stories told them by the
teacher ; at other times have pupils reproduce the stories
in written forms . Have pupils repeat stories they them
selves have read , or let them tell original stories . Let pupils
criticise the stories told , emphasizing the merits as well as
the defects .
3. Define ( a ) transitive verb ; ( b ) intransitive verb . Use
each in a sentence .
Ans .— ( a ) A transitive verb is one that requires an ob
ject . Example : Sheep eat grass . ( b ) An intransitive verb
is one that does not require an object . Example : Grass
grows fast in the spring .
4. Mark the following sentence , indicating essential ele
, 32 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
w.ents and modifiers :

Softly now the light of day
Fades upon my sight away . '
Ans . - The essential elements are light , the subject , and
fades , the predicate . Light is modified by the adjective the
and the adjective phrase of day . Fades is modified by the
adverbs softly , now and away ; and by the adverbial phrase
upon my sight .
5. Parse the adverbs in the preceding sentence .
Ans . — Softly is an adverb of manner and modifies the
verb fades. Now is an adverb of time and modifies the
verb fades. Away is an adverb of place and modifies the
verb fades.
6. Define objective complement. Use one in a sentence .
Ans . - A word used as the second complement of a trans
itive verb , and referring to the object of it , is called an
objective complement. Example : Snow paints the fields
white . White is the objective complement .
7. Write sentences, using prepositional phrases as ( a ) ad
jective modifiers ; ( b ) adverb modifiers .
Ans . ( a) The nest in the tree has six eggs in it . In the
tree is a prepositional phrase and used as an adjective modi.
fier of the noun nest . ( 6 ) Yesterday the farmer went to
town . To town is a prepositional phrase and used as an
adverbial modifier of the verb went .
8. Name six points to be considered in written compo
sition .
Ans .— 1. Selection of the subject . 2. Outline . 3. Open
ing paragraph . 4. Unity . 5. Closing . 6. Punctuation . 7.
Grammatical construction . 8. Order and arrangement of
sentences .
9. Define the infinitive . Write sentences illustrating five
uses of the infinitive .
Ans.- (a ) The infinitive is that form of the verb that
expresses , without regard to person or number, the action
or condition asserted by the verb . The infinitive may be
used as ( 1 ) subject , ( 2 ) predicate , ( 3) object , (
4 ) adjec
tive , ( 5 ) adverb . (6 ) 1. To trifle with temptation is dan
gerous . 2. To hesitate now is to be lost . 3. I
wish to drive
slowly . 4. The man carried in wood to burn . 5. The farmer
went to get some hay .
10. Give six rules for the formation of the plural . Illus
trate each .
by
Most nouns form their plural adding

.--
Ans the
to
1
s
.
singular Thus chair chairs Letters figures and signs

ch . 2.
,
,
.
:
.
form their plurals by adding This cancel the 9's

3
's
.
:
Nouns ending soft form the plural by

or
sh
in
s,
x,
2,
)
STATE OF KANSAS 33 :
adding es to the singular . Thus : box , boxes . 4. If the

singular ends in y after a consonant , ý becomes ie in the
plural . Thus : pony , ponies . 5. Thirteen nouns ending in
ſ and three in fë form the plural in ves . Thus : calf , calves ;
wife , wives. 6. Some common words form their plural
without s. Thus : man , men ; mouse , mice .
GEOGRAPHY .
1. Discuss briefly the nature and phases of geography .
-
2. Account for the climate of Kansas .
Ans . It has a continental climate , and being far re
moved from oceans and seas it lacks the modifying influ
ences of large bodies of water . The climate though is
agreeable and healthful . There are extremes of heat and
cold , but these do not last long . The Kansas autumns and
early summers are beautiful .
-
3. Mention the motions of the earth and state the effect
of each motion .
Ans . It turns on its axis . As the axis inclines from the
perpendicular , the hours of sunrise and sunset change from
day to day , and one -half the year is warmer . The other
motion is that around the sun , and through this motion and
the inclination the succession of seasons follow .
4 and 5. ( a ) What points would you use in the outline
study of a country ? ( b ) Select two points mentioned in
( a ) and give detailed outline .
.
Illustrate with selected
country .
,
Ans ( a ) Situation , area surface , drainage, climate ,
population , government , schools , people . ( b ) For the ap
plicant .
.
6. What cargoes would a merchant ship carry on a trip
from Boston to Hongkong and return ?
Ans ( a ) Machinery , firearms , leather . ( b ) Tea .
7. Sketch a map of your home county , showing location
of principal towns , streams, and places of natural interest .
8. Outline the plan , method , and means you would use
in developing the idea of oceans , with children in Kansas
who
-
have never seen the ocean .
Ans . In miniature I would show bodies of water in
sand maps , but these do not often give an adequate picture
of oceans . So , the children should be taught comparative
areas . Lake Erie is about one -eighth the area of Kansas ,
and the Atlantic Ocean has about ten times the area of the
United States .
9. Locate the following and mention one leading product ,
· natural or manufactured , that is exported from the place :

Melbourne , Marseilles , Rio de Janeiro , Buenos Aires , San
Francisco .
Ans.- (a) The capital of Victoria , Australia , situated on
the river Yarra . Product , gold . ( b ) The chief seaport of
France , situated on the Gulf of Lyons . Products , cotton
and woolen goods . ( c) The capital and chief city of Brazil ,
situated on the Bay of Rio de Janeiro . Product , coffee .
( d) The capital of Argentina , situated on the La Plata
River . Products , wool and sheep . ( e ) Situated on San
Francisco Bay , California . Product , gold .
10. Compare and contrast China and Japan as to indus
tries , commerce , and recent developments in governmental
lines.
Ans . —Both countries are noted for industries , varying
somewhat in form , and both have an extensive commerce .
Inits
China is so much greater in extent and population that
greater scale than those Japan
on
of
industries are
a
.
Japan
of
education advance China while self
in
in
is
is ,
,
of
government the form least China
in
at
advance
in
,
,
Japan for now republic
is
it
a
,
ENGLISH BRITISII HISTORY

(
.
the qualifications
of
of
1.
be
What should the teacher

history
.-- ?
Ans He
or
she should have read extensively ancient
in
and modern history should be conversant with current
;
philosophy history
of
events and should be able teach the
to
..
,
the industrial rev

of
What were the economic results

2.
olution
— ?
Greater products
of
Ans factories more extended

;
a
.
improved conditions living among the work

of
commerce
;
ing classes
.
Discuss the Commercial War during the period

of
3.
the
Napoleonic Wars
.
-
Napoleon
In
Ans declared the British Isles

in
1806
a
.
and prohibited all commerce and corre

of
state blockade
,
spondence with Great Britain The British government re

.
taliated by declaring all ports Europe

of
in
blockade
a
from which the British flag was excluded and claiming the
right seize and search all ships bound for said ports
to
ships
all
Napoleon then issued the Milan Decree declaring

the British regulations lawful prizes
be
submitting
to
to
The Commercial War affected the continental states most

disastrously
.
the early
of
What were the disabilities the Catholics

in
4.
part century
of
the nineteenth
?
STATE OF KANSAS 35
sit
Ans .— They were not allowed to Parliament nor
in
to
hold office
.
Write on Gladstone and Home Rule
5.
he
Ans —
Gladstone was brought up Tory but steadily
,
.
conservatism and finally became

of
grew out radical He
.
in
was public life from his young manhood until near his
death He filled cabinet offices notably those
of
number
,
.
He de
of
of of
prime minister and chancellor the exchequer
.
veloped into steadfast advocate home rule for Ireland
a
.
He
he
an
As orator had but few equals the world
in
.
he
as
refused title and died had lived William Ewart
. a
,
Gladstone
Describe the Sepoy Rebellion
6.
.
Ans began The introduction of modern
in
1857
It
-
.
improvements and the use tallow and lard

of greasing
in
,
of
cartridges were some The use the grease
of
the causes
was abhorrent and Hindoos . At
to
both Mohammedans
.
first the rebels had the advantage The Rebellion lasted
.
its
until 1859 During progress terrible atrocities were

.
helpless prisoners
on
committed Many native chiefs sup

.
ported the government After the close of the rebellion

.
the old East India Company was abolished and the Home
government governed India from London
:
of
What were the causes the Balkan War

7.
Ans The war was largely due

—
misgovernment
to
in
.
Macedonia by Turkey The Christians that territory

of
.
by
were complaining continuously the Turks

of
atrocities
.
Finally war came Bulgaria Greece Servia and Montenegro
,
,
against Turkey The Turks were defeated but the

,
.
which followed was not satisfactory the Balkan States

, to
,
its
for Turkey got more than share and the discontent

,
of
that especially Bulgaria has lasted until

in
because
,
,
now
8. .
of
Give brief account the free trade movement

in
a
England
.
Ans Sir Robert Peel then prime

In
.—
1842 and 1845

,
,
minister had the protective tariffs largely reduced and

in
,
,
of by
1846 the agitation headed Richard Cobden and John

,
Bright led the import duties

an
on
abolition
to
corn
small grains
of
all kinds
(
).
Discuss the Municipal Reform Act 1835

9.
.
of
Ans The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 provided

.—
corporations
of of
for the election governing

of
bodies
(
municipalities by the tax payers This took the place

)
.
of
the old system self election

-
10. Describe the world movement for universal peace

.
Ans The Hague and many peace socie

at
Conferences
-
.
ties are and have been promoting the movement .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
( Answer any ten . )
his
chief purposes in teaching Kansas
-
1. What are the
tory ?
Ans . To make the children who are to be the future
citizens acquainted with the history of the pioneers , and
their struggles for freedom and homes ; also to show them
how Kansas has been the leader in many great reforms.
2. Describe Kansas from the standpoint of location , size ,
-
surface , drainage, climate , and resources .
Ans . It is practically in the center of the United States ;
it contains 82,080 square miles. Surface , generally undu
lating ; drainage toward the Missouri and Mississippi rivers ;
climate, healthful ; resources , corn , wheat , alfalfa , oats ,
hogs , zinc , lead , coal , salt ,
oil
att gas gypsum
.
Name and locate three trails across the state
3.
.
The Oregon Trail through the northern tier
-
, of
Ans
.
California Southern Trail from Fayetteville

to
counties
;
Fe
Ark Santa Trail McPherson County Santa Fe

in
to
, ,
,
.
Trail from the Missouri River

to
Santa Fe
.
five early missions and five early
of
-
4.
Give the names

missionaries Kansas
in
Ans Father John Schoenmakers Harmony Mission Rev.

,
;
.
Jotham Meeker the Ottawas Franklin County Robert

to
,
,
;
Simmerwell Baptist Mission Shawnee County Father
,
;
,
Gailland St. Mary's Mission Rev. Thomas Johnson

,
,
;
Shawnee Mission Manual Labor School

.
by
When and what law was Kansas organized
as
5.
a
territory
?
by
of
Ans passage
In
Kansas Nebraska
—
1854 the the

,
.
Bill
6. .
John Brown
of
Discuss the activities Kansas

in
.
—
Ans He came Kansas October 1855 and settled

in
to
,
.
From the day

of
near his sons not far from Osawatomie

,
.
he
his coming until left for Harper's Ferry

he
was active
,
fighting slavery Kansas and Missouri sometimes with

in
in
larger bands
at
of
his sons sometimes the head

,
What are the provisions the prohibition amendment

of
7.
When was adopted

it
prohibits forever the manufacture

.--
Ans The amendment

intoxicating liquors except for medical and scien
of
and sale
tific purposes
It
was adopted November 1880

in
.
.
five prominent Kansas authors and

of
Give the names

8.
mention one production

of
each
.
Ans Noble Prentis Kansan Abroad William

—
"
A
;
,
”
.
STATE OF KANSAS 37
Allen White , “ A Certain Rich Man ” ; Mrs. Margaret IIill

McCarter , " The Price of the Prairies ' D. W. Wilder ,
“ Annals of Kansas ' ' ; W. E. Connelley , " Life of John J.
Ingalls. ”
9. What state institutions have been established since
1900 ?
Ans . — State Hospital for the Insane , Larned ; State Hos .
pital for Epileptics , Parsons ; State Hospital for Tubercu
losis, Norton .
10. Name six important railroad lines in Kansas .
Ans .— Santa Fe , Rock Island , Union Pacific , Missouri
Pacific , Missouri , Kansas & Texas , San Francisco & St.
Louis .
11. What are the provisions of the state -wide primary
law ?
Ans .— Conventions for nominations are abolished and each
voter votes directly for the candidate ; the elections of all
parties are on the same day and at the same place ; peral:
ties are provided for fraudulent voting .

1. What is the value of the study of United States his
tory ?
Ans .— To become acquainted with the struggle for free
dom which led to independence , and thus to increase pat
riotism ; to get the relation of the United States to other
countries .
2. Account for the name , “ America . '
Ans . - It was named after Amerigo Vespucius , an Italian
who made several voyages to the New World and who
wrote a pamphlet about it .
3. What and where was the “ Line of Demarcation ???
When , why , and by whom was it established ?
Ans . - It was a line established by Pope Alexander VI to
settle a dispute between the Spaniards and Portuguese in
regard to the new lands . The line extended from the north
to the south pole , 100 degrees west of the Azores . All land
west of the line was to belong to Spain ;
all
to
east
,
Portugal
In what way did the destruction the Spanish Ar
of
4.
mada affect American history

?
Ans Had the Armada succeeded Spain would have con

,
.
-
England Erglish
no
trolled and there would have been

,
colonies and no United States

.
How did English methods

of
colonization differ from

5.
of
those France
.
Ans. — The English were settling to get permanent homes ;

the French for conquest and wealth .
6. What were the Navigation Acts ?
Ans . - In 1651 , the English Parliament excluding other
nations from carrying on commerce with the colonies ; and
other acts passed later prohibited the colonists from ship
ping their goods except to English ports , and in English
or colonial vessels manned by English or colonial seamen .
A number of other restrictive acts were passed .
7. What were the three great compromises in our con
stitution ?
Ans. —Giving representation in the Senate by States, and
in the House according to population ; allowing the South
to count three -fifths of the slaves in apportioning members
of Congress and for fixing direct taxes ; Congress was given
power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among
the states and with Indian tribes ; forbidding the laying of
taxes on imports and providing that the importation of
slaves should not be prohibited before 1808 .
8. Give the names of the states which seceded from the
Union .
Ans . -Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia ,
Florida , Tennessee , Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana , Arkan
sas Texas .
,
9. For what are the following people remembered : Hor.

ace Mann , Wright Brothers , Frances Willard , Thomas Edi
son , Mary Lyon ?
Ans .-( a ) Distinguished educator of Massachusetts . Laid
the foundations of the public school system . ( b ) Inventors
of aeroplanes , United States. ( c ) Noted leader in national
temperance work . ( d ) Great inventor of appliances of
electricity . ( e ) Founder of Mount Holyoke Female Semi
nary , South Hadley , Mass .
its
10. Discuss the Panama Canal from the standpoint of

history location length cost and influence
,
Ans Ferdinand De Lesseps Frenchman began

.-
,
(a
an a
,
in )
the work 1881 After spending enormous sum the

( .
, on
company failed extends from Colon

It
the Carib
.
b
)
Panama on the Pacific Length 40 _miles

to
bean Sea
}
c
(
)
.
.
The United States bought the rights the French of

d
(
)
company for 40,000,000 and strip land from Panama

of
a
,
$
for 10,000,000 Cost between 300,000,000 and 400

,
$
$
e
)
,
, It .
(
000,000 connects the Pacific States with the rest

f
.
(
)
the country and will develop our commerce especially

of
with Oriental countries and with our Pacific States

.
Describe one recent important reform govern

in
11. the
of
ment the United States

.
STATE OF KANSAS 39
Ans.-- The election of United States Senators by direct

vote of the people .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
( Answer Ten . )
1. What is the necessity for law ? What importance do
you attach to a knowledge of law ?
Ans .— ( a ) To protect life and property and for the settle
ment of disputes. ( b ) That it may be known when law is
being violated .
2. Discuss the relation of government to health . Who is
secretary of the State Board of Health ? Is he elected or
appointed .
Ans.- (a ) It is the duty of government to promote the
public welfare in every way , and to establish healthful con
ditions . ( 6 ) Dr. S.
State Board of Health .
J. Crumbine . He is elected by the
3. Who is judge of the juvenile court in your county ?

Discuss the treatment of juvenile off enders .
Ans .— ( a ) The probate judge . ( b ) A great change has
come in the treatment of juvenile offenders . Society now
demands that they be kept separate from hardened crimin
als and that they be educated in schools .
4. Name the powers and duties of the governor of Kansas .
Ans . — To sign or veto bills passed by the Legislature , to
call extra sessions of Legislature when necessary , to recom
mend legislation , to appoint to fill vacancies , to pardon
criminals , to call out the militia when necessary .
5. How does the Legislature meet in Kansas ? How long
may it continue in session ? What is the salary of the mem
bers ?
Ans .— ( a ) Every two years , and when called in special
session by the governor. ( b) Fifty days on pay , and as much
longer as the House may choose to work without pay . ( c )
Three dollars per day and mileage .
6. State the qualifications for a United States represen
tative . How many representatives in Congress from Kan
sas ? What your congressional district ? Who is the con
gressman from your district ?
Ans. ( a) Must have attained the age of twenty - five ;
must have been seven years a citizen of the United States ;
must be an inhabitant of the state from which he is chosen .
( b) Eight . ( c) For the applicant . ( d ) For the applicant .
7. Name the United States cabinet officers , with the de .
-
partments . What is the salary of each ?
Ans . Secretary of State , Lansing ; Secretary of Treas
ury , W. G. McAdoo ; Secretary of War , L. M. Garrison ; At
torney -General, J. C. McReynolds ; Postmaster -General, A.

S. Burleson ; Secretary of the Navy , Joseph Daniels ; Secre
tary of the Interior , Franklin K. Lane ; Secretary of Agri
culture , D. F. Houston ; Secretary of Commerce , W. C. Red
field ; Secretary of Labor , Wim . B. Wilson . Salary of each
member of the cabinet , $ 12,000 .
8. What would be the proper procedure for the United
States to declare war in case it should become necessary to
do so ? Who is commander - in- chief of the army and navy ?
Ans .-
( a ) Congress has the sole power to declare war .
,
If
it is not in regular session a special session should be called .
( b ) The president of the United States .
9. Explain postal deficit and parcels post . How many
third -class postoffices in your county ? How many fourth
class ?
Ans. ( a) There is a postal deficit when the expendi
tures of
the postoffice department exceed the revenues . ( 6 )
For the applicant .
10. What is the source of the revenue for paying the run
ning expenses of the United States government ?
Ans . - Duties on imports ; taxes on manufactured articles
within the country ; income tax .
11. Mention three ways in which a bill may become a law .
What majority is required to pass a bill in the Legislature of
Kansas ? In Congress ?
Ans .— ( a ) Passed by both Houses and signed by the presi
det ; passed over president's veto by two -thirds majority of
each House ; becomes law if president fails to return it
within ten days . ( 6 ) A majority of
all
the members
c
(
)
majority the majority .
of
A
12. Explain the difference between national and state

banks
.
Ans National banks are under national control

.—
state
;
banks under state control

.

.
1.
Definehuman physiology anatomy histology func

,
,
:
tion cell tissue gland

,
) ( ,
The physiology which treats of the human

.-
Ans
a
)
body plants
or
of
of
The science the structure animals

6
(
.
organic tissues
of
of
The science the minute structure

c
( (
) )
The proper action any organ The simplest struc

of
a
(e
)
.
tural forms capable manifesting the phenomena life

of of of
of
An aggregate cells with their intercellular sub

,
f
(
)
stance forming one plant

or
of
the structural materials

. ,
secreting organ the body

A
of
animal
9
(
)
Classify the foods that serve

as
fuel yield energy

to
2.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 41
in the forms of heat and muscular power,

Ans .— Proteins , in the form of albumins , build and re
pairs waste , also add to the heat of the body . Fat is the
greatest producer of heat . It also stimulates muscular
power . Sugar is a source of energy . To produce the best
results would be obtained from a well -balanced list of
animal and vegetable foods .
3. Give reasons for cooking the food we eat . Discuss
errors in cooking.
Ans .-
( a ) Intended to soften the food to make it easier
to digest ; to make the food more palatable , and to destroy
parasites and disease germs .
( b ) Unskilful cooking makes
unpalatable and indigestible food , meat , for instance , is
often underdone or overdone .
4. What is the normal temperature of the body ? How is
much of this heat produced ?
Ans .-
( a ) 981 degrees . ( b ) When oxygen is consumed
and carbonic acid gas is given out . The greatest amount of
heat is generated in the muscles .
air
5. Mention four changes in the during breathing
.
of
Ans Loss oxygen gain

; of
of
carbonic acid increase
—
,
.
water vapor and organic matter gain

of
ammonia
.
Name the respiratory organs Mention three diseases
6.
of these organs
.-
.
Ans Larynx trachea bronchial tubes lungs

a
5
,
,
(
)
(
)
.
of
Congestion the lungs bronchitis pneumonia

,
.
7.
Explain the difference the composition

of
in
the bones
of children and aged persons Name the longest bone
of
the
.
body and the joints

of
at
each end
it
.
Ans infancy greater and

In
the animal matter

is
a
,
.
(
)
the bones are softer Later the earthy matter becomes more
,
.
prominent earthy
In
age four fifths

of
middle the bone

is
,
,
.
and that increases toward old age thigh

or
The femur
b
(
)
.
upper end the knee joint

at
os
bone the innominatum

at
,
;
lower end Two ligaments hold the ball

of
the femur
.
firmly its socket and cartilage holds the

an
of
elastic rim
,
head of the femur by atmospheric pressure

.
of
How does the continued use

8
alcoholic beverages
.
affect the stomach heart and lungs

?
,
it ,
on
an
as
Ans .— acts irritant also inflames

It
it
a
;
,
(
)
injure and destroy glands which secrete the mucous and

the gastric fluids paralyze the nerves Paralyzes the
b
; ;
(
)
.
vaso motor nerves changes muscular structure softening

it
,
-
and producing fatty degeneration Alcohol absorbs

c
.
(
)
water from the corpuscles and shrinks them and lessens

their capacity for carrying oxygen and carbonic acid
.
Alcohol also thickens the tissue the lungs

of
Name five preventable diseases How may the spread

9.
'
.
of these diseases be prevented ? What is the duty of your
(
county health officer in preventing the spread of disease ?
Ans . a ) Diphtheria , tuberculosis , small pox , typhoid
fever , indigestion . ( 6 ) Anti -toxin , segregating diseased
persons , vaccination , drinking pure water and promoting
good digestion ; eating moderately digestible food . ( c ) The
health officer can do much by informing the public as to
preventives .
10. Make a drawing of the eye and rame the parts .
Name five defects.
ELEMENTARY GENERAL SCIENCE .

1. Draw circles that will represent the relative size of the
earth , moon , and sun .
Ans .— The earth's diameter is about four times the moon's
and the sun's diameter is more than 100 times the earth's .
Three circles whose diameters are 164 in ., 116 in . , and
614 in. respectively , would represent approximately the rela
tive size of the moon , earth , and sun .
2. Explain why we have summer when the sun is farthest
from the earth.
Ans . - In summer the axis of the earth is turned with the
north pole toward the sun . It follows that in the northern
hemisphere the sun's rays are more nearly vertical in sum
mer than in winter and their power to heat the earth is
consequently greater .
3. Name and illustrate three methods of heat transference.
Ans. —
Conduction , as in the case of heat traveling along
a wire , one end of which is held in a flame. Convection , as
in the case of the conveyance of heat by the circulation of
air . Radiation , as in the case of the transference of heat
from the sun to the earth . As a matter of fact , the heat
itself does not travel . Radiation waves are set up by sun
and these waves are received by and produce heat in the
earth .
4. Do bodies on the earth reflect both heat and light ?
Make a drawing to illustrate the angles of incidence and
reflection . State the law .
Ans . — Radiant heat is thrown off in straight lines , and is
reflected , absorbed , transmitted , and refracted , in obedience
to the same laws that govern light . Law of Reflection :
The angles of incidence and reflection are in the same plane
and are equal .
5. What is the relation of weather to climate ? Account
for the low rainfall of Southern California and Northern
Mexico and the great rainfall of the state of Washington .
STATE OF KANSAS 43
Ans.- Weather is the general term applied to the condi.

tion of the atmosphere especially with reference to heat and
cold , dryness , humidity , pressure, and rainfall. The climate
is the weather taken through a period or season . Southern
California and New Mexico lie within the horse latitudes .
The air is descending and growing warmer and will , there
fore , take up moisture instead of giving it up . The prevail
ing westerlies blowing from the Pacific ocean bring moisture
laden air to the coast of Washington . When these winds
strike the land they are cooled and give up much of their
moisture . The fact that the mountains are near the coast
and parallel to it causes the winds to rise to cooler altitudes
and this aids in giving that portion of the coast a heavy
rainfall .
6. What are weather maps ? What is meant by a " high "
on the weather map ? a “ low ' ' ?
Ans . - A weather map is a map showing the observations
on temperature , pressure , wind direction , etc. , which are
made daily at the United States weather stations throughout
the country . A “ high " is a region where the air pressure
low
is heavy and the barometric reading is high .
is
A “
"
region where the air pressure light and the barometric
is
a
reading low
is
the plant roots for the plant

do
by do
do
What How
7.
?
they
do
it
?
Ans Roots are the means which plant securely

.—
is
it a
anchored the soil and through which obtains moisture

to
from the soil Within the tip

of
the root are thin walled

.
cells permeable water The interior of the cell wall is

to
layer
of
lined with
in
protoplasm with space the center

a
a
is ,
containing cell sap Water taken into the root and

by
.
passed from cell osmosis and finally

to
cell reaches the

pores through which carried into the stem and
or
tubes
of is
it
leaves
.
the composition What its

is
What sea water

8.
is
weight
—?
Ans The sea holds solution more or less of all sub

in
.
stances which water will keep dissolved and which have been
by brooks and rivers such
as
carried into common salt and

it
carbonate of lime
its
contains also diffused through

It
.
mass air serving for the respiration

of
marine animals and

,
organic matter which plant and animal forms are built

of
and compared
to
Sea water fresh

is
heavier than fresh

,
water has an average density

of
1.2
,
.
of
What are the causes earthquakes What are the

9.
general effects upon

of
earthquakes upon the lands

b
a
?
(
)
(
)
of
or
the ocean the water the ocean How may these con
?
ditions affect the people

?
Ans.- Earthquakes are sometimes due to volcanic action ;

sometimes to the giving way of the roofs or cavities within
the earth ; sometimes to the sudden fracture of rocks under
great strain ; or sometimes to the expansive force of steam .
Whatever the origin the impulse travels through earth in
a wave -like movement . The land is often rent open , the
ground raised or lowered , streams choked up , etc. On the
sea great waves are sometimes sent rolling toward the shore ,
causing enormous destruction of life and property . Perhaps
the most appalling disasters known to men have been caused
by earthquakes , such as the great Lisbon earthquake in
1755 , by which 60,000 people were destroyed .
10. How does the character of a river valley change from
the source toward the mouth of the river ? Give reasons .
In your answer point out changes favorable or unfavorable
to mankind .
Ans . Since the source of the stream is in the highlands
or among the mountains , the valley is steep and narrow , and
the river has frequent rapids and falls. Farther down the
valley will broaden out and flood plains will be formed ,
across which the river will wind back and forth . Still
farther down the flood plains will be broader , and at the
mouth extensive deltas may be formed . The flood plains
are the most valuable for cultivation , although they are
sometimes subject to overflow . The stream valley also offers
an easy route of communication across the country.

1. In what ways is the development of the mind depend
ent on the brain ? How does this affect the teaching process ?
.-
Ans " Mens sana in corpore sano !! " A sound mind in
a sound body ” -answers the question . If the brain is not
sound , the teaching is weak .
2. Show how the development of the sensory and motor
elements in the nervous system is affected by their activity
or use .
Ans . — The sensory and motor elements may be impaired
by overwork and underwork . In the latter case atrophy may
result as when muscles are underworked . So , in order to
keep the brain in a healthy condition the motor and sensory
nerves must have enough work to do .
4. What determines the object of involuntary attention ?
What application should be made of this in teaching ?
Ans . — Interest . The young child is governed largely by
involuntary attention . His attention is diverted from study
by play and other outside attractions . Later , through a
course of training , the attention becomes controlled by
STATE OF KANSAS 45
the will . Interest must be brought into teaching and

studying , and it is part of the work of the teacher to add
interest to studies .
3. What are mental images ? Of what value is a good
supply of mental images ?
Ans .— They are images formed in the mind built from
materials already in the mind . The value of a good supply
is great in that subjects for composition work is furnished
by the child himself . But he needs not only a good supply
of mental images , but a large supply of good images . For
there are good and bad mental pictures, and an important
part of teaching is to train the child's attention from the
bad to the good .
5. Why is it impossible to forget anything by trying to
forget ?
Ans. - Because in trying to forget , the attention is con
centrated with intensity on what one is trying to forget .
6. What peculiar opportunities has a rural school teacher ?
Mention three particulars .
all
Ans .— Nature is spread before the child ; farming in
studied the teacher can elevate the life
be
its aspects can

;
the community through meetings lectures reading etc.

of
of ,
,
Describe suitable method ventilating
7.
one room
a
-
school house
is .
Ans difficult answer the question for there are

to
—
It
,
by
.
objections even
to
modern methods teachers who have

used them jackets for_stoves and
to
We used advocate
.
by
lately we heard sackets denounced lecturer The old way

to of a
placing the lower part the window forcing

of
board
in
a
the air from the outside the upper parts of

to
ascend
has good points and may
be
the room termed suitable

a
,
,
method
.
What provision should made for study planning

be
in
8.
the daily program

?
Ans The one roomed school house should have another

-
a .
and smaller room for recitations This arrangement

.
would enable pupils not reciting study undisturbed

to
in
the larger room

.
by
required
of
What visitation What

9.
is
the school law

?
the pupils and the

( at be
on
should such visitation

of of
the effect
teacher the time the visit and afterwards
?
by
.—
Ans The county superintendent required law

is
a
)
his county
ofto
visit each school least once each term

in
at
the district board are re

of
six months The members

.
by
quired
or
or
visit together
of
two their number

to
one
,
at ,
at
of
all the schools their district least once term and

a
such other periods their opinion the exigencies

as
of
in
each
school may require . ( 6 ) The effect should be in every way

beneficial in stimulating the teachers and children to higher
efforts .
10. What provision did the legislature of 1915 make for
strengthening the state department of education ?
Ans . - The law authorized the state board to employ four
supervisors , two for cities and two for rural districts , and
a secretary of the state board . The secretary also was given
supervisory powers over private colleges . ( See April num
ber WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL ; the act is published there
in full . )
PHYSICS .
( Answer any eight . )
1. What is Archimedes ' Principle ? What is Pascal's
Law ?
Ans .- ( a) A body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a
force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced . b ) At (
alì
any point in a fluid at rest the pressure is equal in direc
tions
.
by
Illustrate drawing and explain how the siphon and

2.
the force pump work

is .
Ans siphon bent tube with arms of unequal

A
a
-
.
length for conveying liquid over the edge
of
to
the vessel
a
lower level The upward force the short arm

in
in is
the
a
of
atmospheric pressure minus the weight the water the
short arm The upward force the long arm the atmos
in
is
.
the long
of
pheric pressure minus the weight

in
the column
arm . Thus greater
be
will seen that the first force

it
is
than the second and the liquid will flow out Drawing for
(
.
the applicant The parts are cylinder with valve

a
a a
at b
(
)
.)
opening upward the bottom and second valve opening

,
solid piston
at
outward the side near the lower end and

a
,
fitted into the cylinder air tight at the entrance

be
to
so
as
ex
the cylinder When the piston

to
raised the air

is
is
.
the cylinder and the atmospheric

in
hausted pressure causes

is
When the piston

to
the water rush forced down the

in
.
the bottom closes and the second valve opens allow

at
valve
,
ing the water flow out Drawing for the applicant

to
.)
(
.
to
Change the following centigrade readings the Fah

3.
-40
20
renheit scale and

to
the absolute scale

0
°,
°,
°
:
Ans One Centigrade degree

20%
Fahrenheit degree
—
.
.
C.
20
F.%
Fahrenheit dgs
°
= 36
°
the freezing point

° 20
36
F.
20
C.
is
above above
°
°
.
C.
freezing
to 36
68
Thence 20
or
° +
is
32º above zero

68 °
°
Similarly
68
F.
F.
to
corresponds corresponds
C.
0
°
°
STATE OF KANSAS 47
and 40
° C. corresponds to ° 40
To find the readings
F.
on the absolute scale add 273 ° to the Centigrade readings :
20 ° C. corresponds to 293 ° Ab .
0 ° C. corresponds to 273 ° Ab .
-40
° C. corresponds to 233º Ab .
4. What is the method of heat transfer in the following
-
devices : Fireplace , stove , furnace , steam heater .
Ans . In each device the method of heat transfer is chiefly
convection , although much heat is transferred by radiation
also .
5. What did each of the following persons contribute to
physical science : Count Rumford , Joule, Huygens , Roemer ,
Curie .
Ans . - Rumford : Discovery of theory of the relation of
heat to mechanical work . Joule : Experiments for deter
mining the mechanical equivalent of heat. Huygens : Dis
covered the property of a compound pendulum that the
point of suspension and the center of oscillation are inter
changeable . Roemer : Calculated the speed of light . Curie ,
Prof and Madam : Discovery of radium .
6. Describe an experiment for measuring the velocity of
sound . Name three familiar phenomena which show that
sound has a finite velocity .
Ans . — Two men are stationed a known distance apart but
within sight of each other . The guns are fired alternately
and the interval of time between the flash and report is
recorded each time. The average time of a number of trials
is taken . From this result and the distance the velocity
per second can be computed . The interval between the
lightning flash and ' the peal of thunder, the interval be
tween the jet of steam as it issues from the whistle and
when we hear the sound , and the interval between the shout
to
its
and when are familiar phenomena

a us
echo returns
,
which illustrate that sound has finite velocity

'
.
of
What the nature magnetism Why does

7.
is
com
a
?
pass point north Where are permanent magnets used

?
?
of
Ans magnetism and each

—
is
The seat the molecule

.
In
individual molecule magnet magnetic bar

is
a
a
a
.
larger portion the molecules have their magnetic axes

of
pointing the same direction The earth itself mag

in
is
a
.
its
net and poles are the north magnetic pole and the
,
south magnetic pole The compass magnetized

of
bar
is
a
.
turn freely hori

in
or
so
as
steel mounted suspended

to
zontal plane The compass needle responds easily

to
the
.
influence of the earth's lines of force and assumes north

a
position
an
and south important use

of
The compass
is
a
.
permanent magnet
.
8. It requires 110 volts and 5 amperes to run a sad iron .

What must be its resistance ? How many kilowatts are re
quired to run it ?
Ans. E ( volts )
C ( amperes ) from which
R (ohms ).
E (volts )
Rohms )
C ( amperes )
Substituting in this formula we have
110 ( volts )
R ( ohms) : 22 .
5 ( amperes )
Therefore the resistance of the iron must be 22 ohms .

Watts = volts X amperes .
In this problem
No. of watts = 110 x 5 = 550 .
550 watts .550 kilowatts .
9. Illustrate by drawing and discuss the human eye as an
optical instrument .
Ans .— The eye is similar to a small camera . In the front
are the cornea , the aqueous humor , and the crystalline lens ,
and these take the place of the convex lens of the camera .
A small, real and inverted image is produced on the retina .
The eye adjusts itself to objects near and far by changing
the focal length of the crystalline lens . ( Drawing for the
applicant .)
ENGLISH CLASSICS .
1. Name five things that make “ The Man Without a
Country ' ' seem to be a true story .
;
Ans .— Many citizens speak thoughtlessly of the govern
ment, forgetting their indebtedness to it Nolan's ingrati
tude ; his yielding to the persuasion of Burr ; his anguish
when he realized what being without a country meant ; his
love for the flag .
2. What was the occasion of Nolan's becoming a man
without a country ?
Ans . He had cursed his country , and had expressed the
wish that he might never hear of the United States again .
3. What extenuating circumstances , if any , might be
plead for Nolan ?
STATE OF KANSAS 49
Ans. — The extraordinary fascinating influence of Aaron

Burr .
4. What incidents indicate that Nolan " loved his coun
try as no other man loved her ' ' ?
Ans . — IIis emotions when he read the passage from “ The
Lay of the Last Minstrel ' '; whenever he saw the stars and
stripes ; and when the slaves on the ship were freed .
5 and 6. ( a ) What do you desire your pupils to receive
from the study of “ The Man Without a Country ' ' ? (b )
How will you effect your purpose ?
Ans .— ( a ) A love of country which would lead one to die
rather than betray her . ( 6 ) By directing attention to the
awful condition of the man who was forbidden to ever see
his country after his betrayal of it and who was not allowed
to read its name .
7. What myths and legends would you use preparatory
to a study of “ The Shepherd of King Admetus ' ' ?
Ans.- Pluto , Jupiter , Apollo , and the many myths and
legends that are clustered around these names in ancient
story .
8. What characteristics of the Shepherd would warrant
poets calling him their “ first -born brother ' ' ?
Ans . — The loveliness he found in common things ; this
teaching of truth through melody ; the blessed influences of
his verse .
9. What other poems by Lowell have you read ? Which
is your preference among those mentioned ? Give reason .
Ans . — For the applicant .
10. Illustrate the various figures of speech by quotations
from classics studied .
.--
READING
.
the principal reasons why oral reading

of
What
1.
are two
should occupy prominent place study
of
in
the course
a
?
.
Ans That pronunciation emphasis and enuncia

—
accent
,
,
be
tion properly taught

.
How early profitable teaching

in
to
2.
? is
use sentences
it
children Give the reasons for your answer

to
read
.
Ans From the beginning Because they use sentences

Is .-
out of school
.
be
or
necessary desirable that new word should

3.
it
defined before introduced reading lesson Give

is
in
it
the reason for your answer

.
—
The word will

is
It
Ans both necessary and desirable

.
.
to
more interesting the child when the meaning

be
given
is
dialogue
of
What the advantage teach

in
in
4.
is
the use
ing reading ? How may the same or similar results be

secured in the use of ordinary reading matter ?
Ans . (a ) It
leads to reading in a natural way, as it is
so much in the line of a child's experiences . ( b ) Through
dialogues in books and papers.
5. In connection with the lesson discuss the teacher's part
in the recitation . Illustrate by reference to some familiar
poem or prose selection .
Ans.For the applicant .
6. Define time , grouping , and force as elements in the me
chanics of reading .
Ans . ( a) The rate at which spoken words are uttered .
( b) Speaking together the words which form an idea . ( c )
The energy with which words are uttered .
7. Which is more profitable in the lower grades, the repe
tition of familiar reading matter limited in amount, or the
extensive reading of new matter adapted to the child's
understanding ? Give the reason why .
Ans . — The extensive reading of new matter . The child
old
reading and the introducing
of
will tire of the new
selections brings him new images and thoughts
to
.
In
8-10 connection with the following selection prepare
) a
.
lesson plan including introductory statement

an
( a
;
6
,
; (
)
(
directions for reading five questions suitable for use
c
)
the recitation
as
test questions
in
WATER LILIES
.
star on the breast of the river

O
!
of
bloom and grace

O
marvel
!
Did you fall right down from heaven

,
of
Out the sweetest place

?
You are white the thoughts angel

an
as
; of
Your heart steeped

in
the sun
in is
Did you grow the Golden City

,
My pure and radiant one

?
Nay pay fell not out

of
heaven
I
;
,
None gave me my saintly white

;
slowly grew from the darkness

It
Down the dreary night

in
.
of
From the ooze the silent river

won my glory and grace
I
White souls fall not my poet

O
,
They rise
to
the sweetest place

-Mary
.
Frances Butts
.
Ans brief sketch titles of other poems

of
.-
the author
A
;
'
she may have read the idea prominent her mind when
, in
;
she wrote this poem Note the words grace steeped radiant
,
,
.
STATE OF KANSAS 51
saintly , dreary , ooze , white souls ; give directions as to em

phasis , accent , pauses . What is meant in the first line ?
Explain the figure in sixth line . Did you ever see a star
on the breast of a river ? Can you give other illustrations of
glory and grace coming from unpromising places ? Why is
white the emblem of purity ?
Ans . ( a ) The idea in the author's mind should be talked
about . (v ) It should be read with feeling . Give directions
as to the emphasizing of marvel , white , steeped , radiant ,
saintly , dreary , ooze . What was the star ? Did you ever
see one similar to this ? What is meant by heaven ? What is
ooze ? What lesson does the author teach ?
SPELLING .
1. temperature ventricle raspberry
petition manacle sieve
hautboys licorice cedilla
bacteria domicile incense
typhoid catarrhal opportunity
pollination Schuylkill pasteurize
epidermis development
( Credit
two points for each word spelled correctly .)
.--
List the diacritical marks illustrate their use words
in
2.
.
Ans See the dictionary
-
.
Explain how you would determine accent in

3.
new
a
or
two syllables more syllables

. of
of
word three
;
Ans The rule that the nouns and adjectives are

is
on a
(
)
the first syllable the verbs In

on
accented the last

6
;
(
)
.
of
words three or more syllables the general rule

to
accent
is
the third syllable from the end

, in ..
Suggest with illustration words letters that are sub

4.
stitutes for long long

a
;
in P
as d
v
u,
.
-e
gh
as
prejudice
as
Ans fete
in
j
new
; in
in w
,
,
as ;
;
,
:
as
hiccough ph Stephen
in
What suggestions would you make person who

to
5
.
wished learn spell

— to
to
Ans Much reading drill drill drill

;
,
.
Name five Latin prefixes give meaning and illustrate

6.
;
on
their effect root words

.
Ans Com or con

—
together compress
in
shown
is
.
;
(
; by)
contra against meaning

en
illustrated contradiction
;
,
,
, (
extra meaning beyond

as
a . as
enrage
in
in to
make enthrone
,
,
,
meaning out expel exit

ex
or
as
extramundane from
in
;
,
,
of ,
State the value and disadvantages

7.
textbook for
a
spelling class
.
Ans.The textbook has value that collection

in
has
it
a
a
of words in common use , and in that it gives a basis for

recitations . Many , however , have learned to spell without
spellers.
WRITING .
1. Discuss the merits of muscular movement writing as
compared with other movements .
Ans. It is superior in that it is
generally used by per
sons who have much writing to do . Nearly
all
forms are
practiced longer
be
in
used the muscular movement
It
can
It
.
without weariness than any other system brings satis
.
factory results with the least effort
.
Describe some exercise which you consider good for de
2.
veloping movement
of
Make line each
a
.
.
—

.
.
Discuss speed writing of
.
—
Ans After legibility acquired speed will come next

is
,
.
as.
be
So children must trained to make many letters
as
,
possible without lifting the pen Let legibility and speed

be combined .
.
up
How would you arouse enthusiasm and keep interest
a 4.
writing class
!
in
?
By
directing attention good writing
of
Ans
to
.—
the value
in
business and correspondence

in
Write the capital letters the small letters

5.
.
-
.
MUSIC
.
Indicate middle
1.
on
on the the bass clef

C
clef
;
.
-

.
What two things

do
notes indicate when located on

2.
a
staff following clef sign
a
?
by
for
Ans Notes their staff position call tones

a
”
.
(
)
represented by staff degrees where note heads point

of)
6
.
(
Note forms indicate tone duration The measure position

.
note indicates rhythmic position tone called for with

of
a
regard beat and accent

to
why you rote song

3.
How and would teach

a
Ans Sing song Sing phrases singly

to
children
a
,
.
(
)
children imitate When phrases learned children sing song

,
.
To create interest provide musical experi

to
music
in
6
. ,
(
)
ence to develop singing ability

4. ,
ladder representing the location the steps

of
Draw
a
of
F.
and half steps the scale

in

—
.
What the principal difference between oratorio and

5.
is
opera
?
STATE OF KANSAS 53
Ans. - Oratorio words are usually scriptural or deal with

a sacred subject , and oratorio is not intended for dramatic
representation . Opera is secular , for dramatic representa
tion .
6. How are folk songs written ?
Ans.- Folk songs are supposed to just grow , handed down
by tradition .
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE .
( Answer Ten . )
1. What is meant by improving plants by selection ? By
-
hybridization ?
Ans . Improving plants by selection is meant the process
of going through a field of grain or other plant life and
selecting only the best seed to plant . Not only better
products are obtained but many new varieties have been
obtained in this way . By hybridization or crossbreeding ,
we may originate new varieties . Plants are crossed or
hybridized by taking the pollen from the anthers of the
flower of one plant and putting it on the stigmas of the
flower of another plant . The plant thus produced is called
a hybrid .
2. What are the reasons for soil erosion ? How may
-
erosion be lessened or prevented ?
Ans . Reasons for soil erosion are lack of contour culti
vation , insufficient organic matter in the soil which allows
the rains to carry it off. Anything that will lessen the sur
face run -off will lessen erosion . Rolling fields are best
prevented from erosion by seeding to alfalfa or grass . Con
tour cultivation is best for cultivated fields .
3. Describe as fully as you can the ideal beef animal .
Why are these characters desirable ? -
Ans . — The ideal beef animal makes a rapid growth , ma
tures early and produces a heavy meat carcass , in which will
be found the choicest meat cuts . These characteristics are
desirable because of economy and profit .
4. What are some important differences in the digestive
tracts of farm animals ? How does this affect the feeding
practices in each case ? What is the purpose of digestion ?
Ans. Some are adapted to the digestion of rough feeds ,
while others require concentrates . From this fact we ascer
tain that a knowledge of animals to be fed is valuable and
the purpose for which they are fed . Because of stomach
capacity , the cow will digest a large amount of rough feed ,
the horse has a smaller stomach , but large intestines, hence
pig
requires more concentrates , such as corn and oats. The

has small stomach and small intestines and requires mostly
,
food Digestion preparing the food for use

is
concentrated
.
in the body.
5. Describe the different methods of distributing water
over lands to be irrigated Discuss the cultivation of irri
gated lands .
Ans . — The water flows from the main ditch into smaller
ditches between the rows of vegetation over the field .
Another method is flooding the field . After the water has
been turned on and shut off, the soil should be thoroughly
tilled at the proper time , as this conserves the moisture .
6. In what ways may plant food be added to the soil ?
Which way is most economical ? Why ?
Ans . — Plant food is added by applying barnyard manure ;
rotation of crops ; plowing under crops like cowpeas and
clover , and commercial fertilizers . Applying barnyard ma
nure is the most economical because it permits of stock
raising and crop raising without depriving of the use of
the soil .
7. What are the conditions under which alfalfa flourishes
best ? Discuss methods of preparing the seed bed and time
and manner of seeding .
Ans . - Alfalfa does best in a deep , well drained soil . The
seed bed should be finely pulverized soil with a firm and
mellow surface . The seed may be sown either in the spring
or fall , and may be sown broadcast or drilled . Drilling is
preferable .
8. What varieties of corn are best adapted to your sec
tion of the state ? How does seed from corn grown in the
locality compare with seed from a distance ? How was this
proved ?
Ans . — Boone County White and Reid's Yellow Dent . Seed
grown in the locality produces a better crop . This was
proven by experiments made by the State Agricultural Col
lege in eight different counties in four different years . The
increase in yield was about one -third more in favor of the
home grown seed .
9. Give several methods of combating or controlling plant
diseases and tell how each destroys the disease . Describe a
disease of potatoes .
Ans . — Pruning , spraying , seed treatment and rotation of
crops . The pear- blight is caused by bacteria , and the af
fected branches should be cut off and burned . The black
knot of the plum and cherry tree is of fungous origin .
There is no cure for fungous diseases , but spraying may be
a preventive . Immersing seed with formalin , copper sul
phate or some poisonous solution destroys the spores on
seed , also immersing the seed in warm water and raising the
temperature kills the spores . Rotating the crop , relieving
STATE OF KANSAS 55
the soil which has been sickened by fungi infection particu

lar to certain crops . Potato scab is recognized by the rough
pits or scabs on the potato . This disease may be partly
prevented by seed treatment .
10. Give briefly directions for the following steps in start
ing a young orchard : preparing the ground ; age of trees to
order ; care and planting of the trees .
Ans . — The ground should be deeply plowed and thor .
oughly worked . The trees should be one or two years old .
The trees should be ordered early from reliable nurseries
and planted in holes large enough for the roots to spread .
They should also be planted a little deeper than they stood
in the nursery . The tree should be well cultivated and
its
pruned , bearing in mind the object of cultivation
.
giving width height
in of
11. Describe good earth road
, a
,
kept
be
crown drainage etc. How should such roads
. ? ,
order
Ans natural location along streams and around hills
—
ofA
of
, on
instead across and over them instead sectional
,
lines not too wide causing needless waste land thirty

of
to
,
forty feet
be
enough The roadbed should well crowned
to is
according
to
soil one half inch one and one half inches

,
-
-
required for proper drainage into side ditches Every

.
spring the road grader should
be
on
the road
to
used clean
out ditches and the road drag used shortly after rains for
smoothing purposes
.
July 30-31 , 1915 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. What idea is developed in the pupil's mind by the
counting of objects ?
Ans . - In counting objects the pupils mind will ( 1 ) Take
notice of the objects separately and individually ; ( 2 ) distin .
guish classes of objects . Only objects of the same kind can
be counted together and thought of as one group ;
measure the quantity by combining the individual objects
3) (
into a group ; ( 4 ) think of the group in the place of the
separate individual objects .
2. Write the Roman numerals for 14 , 24 , 39 , 44 , 57 ,
64 , 76 , 88 , 93 , 125 .
Ans . — XIV , XXIV , XXXIX , XLIV , LVII, LXIV ,
LXXVI , LXXXVIII , XCIII , CXXV .
3. Which of the following are abstract and which are con
crete : multiplier , multiplicand , product ?
Ans .— The multiplier is always considered as abstract .
The product is like the multiplicand , that is , both are con
crete or both are abstract .
4. Define factor , multiple , decimal, fraction , commission ,
prism .
-
Ans . The numbers which multiplied together make
of
. a its
another number are called factors The product two

.
of
abstract integers called multiple either Decimal

is
.
or
of
fractions are called decimals fraction one more
A
is is
of
the equal parts unit Commission money received

a
by agent for transacting business for another prism

an
A
.
its
solid having similar and parallel bases sides being

is
a
parallelograms
.
multiplying the denominator

of
of
What
5.
is
the effect
a
fraction Explain
?
Ans Multiplying the denominator

of
fraction divides
.--
the fraction The fractional unit increased but the num

is
.
fractional units taken remains unchanged

If of
ber
.
per
14
30
cu
chalk weigh ton and clay

of
ft
6.
is
is 1
,
.
cent lighter than chalk and sand per cent lighter than
to 20
,
clay how many cubic feet clay How many

of
ton
a
?
,
— of
cubic feet sand

?
Taking equal volumes clay and chalk the

of
Solution
,
.
per cent the weight

of
weight the clay

70
of of
14 of
the chalk
is
., .
clay will weigh 2,000 lbs

of
70
., cu
per cent
ft
Then
,
clay will weigh 100 lbs and

or
cu
1,400 lbs and

of
ft
1
.,
.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 57
20 cu . ft. of clay will weigh a ton . Taking equal volumes of

sand
weight of the clay . .
and clay , the weight of the sand is 80 per cent of the
Then , 20 cu ft . of sand will weigh 80
per cent of 2,000 lbs . , or 1,600 lbs . , and 114 cu . ft . of sand
will weigh 100 lbs ., and 25 cu . ft . of sand will weigh a ton .
7. How long will it take 15 men to do a piece work of
which 10 men can do in 30 days , working at the same rate ?.
Solution . — If
10 men can do the work in 30 days , 1 man
can do the work in 10 X 30 days , or 300 days , and 15 men
can do the work in 115 of 300 days, or 20 days .
8. A lin 21 ft . 6 in . long and 10 ft . wide is filled with
wheat to a depth of 5 ft . Allowing 2,150 cu . in . to the
bushel , what is the wheat worth at 80 cents a bushel ?
Solution.
2142 X 10 X 5 X 1,728 X $ 0.80
$ 691,20
2,150
9. A man borrowed $ 450 on March 10 at 6 per cent , and
$ 1,200 on April 10 at 5 per cent . He paid the principal and
interest in each case on December 30 of the same year. How
-
much did he pay ?
Solution . From March 10 to December 30 is 295 days.
$ 0.04916 Interest on $ 1 at 6 % for 295 days .
450
75
245
196

450.00 Add the principal .
$472.13 Amount of first note .

From April 10 to December 30 is 264 days .
1,200
$ 52,800 Interest on $ 1,200 at 6 % for 264 days .

8.80 Deduct 16.
$44.00 Interest on $ 1,200 at 5 % for 264 days .

1,200 Add the principal .
$ 1,244.00 Amount of second note .

472.13 Add amount of first note .
$ 1,716.13 Total amount paid December 30 .

10. A school flag pole is broken by the wind 16 ft . fromo.

the ground . The two pieces hold together , and the top of the
pole touches the ground 30 ft . from the base . Find the
length of the pole .
Šolution . — It is required to find the hypotenuse of a right
triangle whose perpendicular sides are 16 ft . and 30 ft .
H =V 162+302
= V 256 + 900
EV 1156
= 34 ,
Therefore the length of the part broken off is 34 ft., and

the length of the pole is 16 ft. + 34 ft ., or 50 ft .
1. Describe your method of conducting a language lesson
-
based upon a picture .
2. Point out the simple subject and simple predicate , also
the complete subject and complete predicate , in the following
sentence :
“ On sky and mountain wall are God's great pictures
hung . ' '
the simple subject and
.--
Ans Pictures are hung

is
”
"
'
the simple predicate God's great pictures the
is
is
“
"
.
complete subject and are hung

on
sky and mountain wall
”
the complete predicate
is
Mark the preceding sentence indicating its essential

3.
elements and modifiers

by
.
.—
Ans Pictures the simple subject modified the

is
”,
“ “
adjective great God's the possessive

is in
and the noun

”,
”
by
case Are hung the simple predicate modified

,
on .
,
‘
sky and mountain wall prepositional

a
compound
",
"
phrase Sky the first member

of
the basis unmodified

is
,
;
'',
“
.
modified by the
of
wall the basis the second member

is
”,
,
"
adjective mountain And the connective

is
”
in "
"
.
“
Parse the verb

in
4.
the sentenced above

2
Prin
.—
Ans Are hung regular transitive verb

is
a
“
cipal parts are hang hung hung passive voice

It
of is
,
, “
.'
the third per

It
indicative mode and present tense

is
.
in its
son and plural number agree with subject pictures

to
Parse the nouns the quotation above

in
5.
Sky common poun third person singular

, .--
Ans
is
,
a
”
is ,
"
the objective
It
number and neuter gender case

in
;
.
object the preposition

of
on
Wall common
is
a
“
.”
1
STATE OF KANSAS 59
noun , third person , singular number, and neuter gender . It

is in the objective case ; object of the preposition “ on . ”
" God's " is a proper noun , third person , singular number,
and masculine gender . It is in the possessive case . “ Pic
tures ” is a common noun , third person , plural number, and
neuter gender . It is in the nominative case and used as
the subject .
6. Name and define the different classes of pronouns .
Use each in a sentence .
Ans .— Personal , interrogative , and relative . A personal
pronoun slows whether it refers to the speaker , the person
spoken to , or the person spoken of . Ex . You , he and
go . Interrogative pronouns are who , which , and what when
will I
used in asking questions . Ex . Who is the man in the auto
mobile ? A relative pronoun represents a preceding word or
joins
its
phrase , called which limiting

to
antecedent
it
a
,
( do
not know the man who the automobile
in
is
clause
I
.
.
Define subjective complement predicate ad
7.
b
;
a
)
(
)
jective predicate noun Write sentences illustrating
;
c
(
)
each
.
subjective complement
.--
Ans complement that de

is
orA
explains the subject predicate adjective
A an
scribes
A
is
.
adjective used coopulative verb

. is as
the complement
of
a
.
predicate noun
as
the complement copu-
of
noun used
a
a
•
.
lative verb Ex Boys may
be
brave Those men are

.
..
soldiers Predicate nouns and predicate adjectives and their

.
equivalents are called subjective complements

.
in
Write
8.
of
Name five uses the noun the sentence

.
sentences illustrating each

,.
Ans Subject predicate objective opposition independ

,
,
.
-
Harrisburg growing fast Men may

be
ent heroes He
is
.
.
Wilson our president patient

to
went town yesterday

is
,
,
.
The boys where are they

,
of
Illustrate the various uses

9.
the adverb
.
Ans Time place manner degree cause number

in
,
,
,
-
.
Go
to
terrogative modal school now Stand where you

,
are That
is
well done He feels much better He sick

it is
.
? ,
.
Try
. .go
Where
he
will not
is
hence now
it
once more
Perhaps he asleep
is
10. Which more important the lower grades composi

Inin
is
technical grammar
or
tion the higher grades Give

?
your reasons for both answers

.
—
the higher the lower grades composi

In
as
as
Ans well
,
,
of is .
tion more important than technical grammar The chief

.
language express his thoughts

to
to
use enable one

is
in .
This ability can only by frequent drills

be
acquired
composition Only small portion technical grammar
of
a
.
will function in composition and emphasis should be fixed

on that . Experience proves that with intelligent guidance ,
proper drill , and distinct motivation skill in composition
can be attained with very little knowledge of technical
grammar . The time devoted to mastering the unessentials
of technical grammar can more profitably be spent on com
position work.

1. How should history be taught ( a ) in primary grades ?
-
(b ) In intermediate grades ?
Ans . In the primary grades , a large use should
of stories and pictures ; in the intermediate , these
be made
too can
be brought in ; also maps , busts, compositions and illus
trative sketches of noted men and women . The text book
will of course be the basis .
2. Mention three principal causes of the settlement of
America .
Ans .— The desire for land ; the extension of commerce ;
and the greater freedom in the new countries.
3. Discuss conditions in America in 1760 , relative to
customs , occupations, education , society , religion , and means
of travel .
Ans .— ( a) As the colonists came from so many different
countries , naturally their customs differed . ( 6 ) Largely
agricultural . Breaking in the wild land and making homes
were the main occupations . ( c ) Education was in the crude
state and little was done except by private effort for the
masses ( d ) In the primitive form ; yet there was much
.
neighborliness , as privation and danger brought people close

together for protection and help. ( e ) As a rule , the col
onists were religious , and religion in those days was more
(
closely connected with the government than it is in our
day . f ) By sea and land travel was slow and dangerous .
Slow ships, roughly constructed wagons and coaches were
the means of conveyance . The roads were indescribably
rough .
4. What were the “ Intolerable Acts ' ' ?
Ans .— Closing the Boston port ; changing the charter of
Massachusetts ; the power of governors to send persons
charged with crime to England or to other colonies for
trial ; the quartering of troops in the colonies ; the exten
sion of the limits of the province of Quebec .
5. Mention five defects of the Articles of Confederation .
Ans. — They made the state virtually greater than the
its
united country ; Congress could not enforce own laws

;
na
no
could not exact respect for treaties there were

it
;
STATE OF KANSAS 61
tional courts ; Congress could not control commerce be

tween the states and with foreign countries.
6. What were the Kentucky -Dirginia resolutions ? By
whom were they prepared ?
Ans . ( a ) They declared the Alien and Sedition laws to
be unconstitutional ; that the Constitution was merely an
agreement between the states ; and that the acts of Con
gress could be nullified . ( 6 ) Jefferson wrote the Kentucky
Resolutions and Madison the Virginia Resolutions .
7. Why was slavery more popular in the South than in
the North ?
Ans . - Slave labor could not be profitably used in the
North , but in the South , with its hotter climate, and large
production of cotton , rice and tobacco , it was considered
profitable .
.
8. Name eight of the most important American inven
tions .
gin
Ans . - Cotton - steamboat sewing machine reaper
,
,
,
thresher telegraph cylinder printing press typewriter
,
,
-
.
For what are the following people remembered Louis
9.
:
Agassiz Daniel Boone Samuel Morse Alexander Hamil
;
;
;
ton Colonel Goethals

;
Ans An American naturalist

of
native Switzer
a
a
,
(
)
.
He was professor natural history

of
the Lawrence
A in
land
.
Scientific School Ilarvard University famous Ken

,
c b
( (
) )
of ; . .
tucky pioneer and fighter Indians

of
Inventor the of
of
telegraph great statesman member the Con

A
d
(
)
.
stitutional Convention Secretary the Treasury under

;
Washington organizer
of
the national financial system

;
.
on
Carried and finished the Panama Canal

e
(
)
10. Describe the Whisky Insurrection What was its

“
.”
significance history
in
?
—
Ans The distillers Western Pennsylvania refused

in
to
.
pay the federal tax imposed upon whisky 1794 and they
in
broke out into rebellion claiming that the central govern

,
ment had not the right collect the tax President Wash
to
ington soon had the insurrection suppressed thus demon

,
strating that the federal government had the power

to
enforce the laws any state

in
.
by
11.
What initiative
is
meant referendum
6
a
?
(
)
(
)
recall
(a ?
c
)
(
. by
Ans
.—
That legislation can

be
initiated the people

)
without waiting for the action the legislature

of
When
b
(
)
by
proposed laws are referred the legislature to the people

for ratification The power recall public officers by
to
,
(c
.
by
requiring them when petitions are presented the people

go before the voters for election
to
.
ENGLISH - BRITISH - HISTORY .

1. What is the scope of history ?
Ans .— It is the narration of all that has happened in the
life of man in the past . This would include all that af
fected man socially , industrially , politically and religiously .
2 . What were the social results of the Industrial Revo
lution ?
Ans . -Improved conditions of living , especially among
the working classes .
3. What were the causes of the War of 1812 between
-
England and the United States ?
Ans . Great Britain insisted on searching American ships
for sailors ; prohibited American merchant ships from trad
ing with France and her allies ; blockaded American ports
for the purpose of searching ships.
4. What was the “ Peterloo Massacre ' ' ?
Ans . — It was at Manchester , England , on July 16 , 1819 .
Bodies of working men met to discuss parliamentary reform .
The magistrates ordered the dispersing of the assembly .
In the struggle, eleven persons were killed and 500 wounded .
5. Write on Asquith and Home Rule .
Ans . — Herbert Henry Asquith , the prime minister of
Great Britain , has favored home rule for Ireland many
years . The measure was passed in parliament , but the
breaking out of the war in Europe suspended the opera
tion of the act .
6. Discuss the colonization of Australia .
Ans. In the ' fifties and ' sixties the colonization of
'Australia began . The discovery of gold later added greatly
to the immigration . For many years the British govern
ment transported criminals to Australia , but many years
ago the transportation was discontinued . The Australians
are almost entirely of British descent .
7. What were the causes and the results of the Crimean
War ?
-
Ans . Russia claimed a protectorate over the Greek
Christians in the Turkish dominions ; and Russia quarreled
with France as to the guardianship of the holy places in
Palestine . Great Britain , France , Turkey and Sardinia
combined against Russia . Results : On the promise of
reforms , the integrity of Turkey was guaranteed ; the navi
gation of the Danube was made free ; the Black Sea was
neutralized ; and some principles of international law were
announced .
8. Describe the labor -union movement in England .
Ans .— It began in 1830, and it has been growing in num
bers and in strength until the present . There have been
STATE OF KANSAS 63
many strikes , and a number of the labor leaders were sent

to parliament . A reduction in the number of working hours
and an increase in wages have come through the efforts of
the union .
9. What was Chartism ?
Ans . It was a movement in Great Britain — 1838-1848
to demand the right to vote for every male citizen ; equal
electoral districts ; payment to members of parliament for
their services . There were many riots connected with the
movement . Since those days all the reforms called for have
become law .
10. Give some provisions of the National Insurance Act ,
1911 .
Ans . - Insurance againstsickness is made compulsory upon
all
persons sixteen years

employed age over excepting
; of
or
,
those provided for other ways compulsory insurance
in
against unemployment the engineering trades The funds

in
.
by
are provided employers workmen and the public

,
,
treasury
.
HISTORY OF KANSAS
.
Answer any ten

(
)
.
Kansas history
of
Of what knowledge
to
1.
is
value
a
of
citizens the state

?
in
Ans The early struggles for freedom are
of
source
a
.-
spiration
.
Account for the rapid settlement

of
Kansas
2.
, .
-
Ans Rich soil liberal homestead provisions excellent

,
, .
schools good climate

.
What conditions tended retard the settlement and

to
3.
of
development the state

?
Ans.- the early days the war drouths and grasshop

In
,
,
pers and later the opening Oklahoma took many

of
of
the
;
people
In.
as
the law organizing Kansas territory what was

4.
the provision concerning slavery What was this bill called

?
by ?
Who was its author When passed

?
?
.
slavery
by be
Ans left the question

It
6 of
- to
settled
a
(
)
of
the people the Territories Kansas Nebraska Act

It (
)
d .
Stephen Douglas
A.
was signed President

(
c
)
(
)
.
Many
30
on
Pierce 1854
,
to a .
as
Discuss Kansas factor the Civil War

in
5.
Ans proportion its population Kansas sent more

In
,
.
-
its
men into the army than any other state and regiments
,
were always the hottest of the fight

in
Describe the Marais des Cygnes

6.
massacre
.
-
Ans occurred near Trading Post Linn County

on
It
in
,
,
.
May 19 , 1859. Captain Charles Hamilton crossed into Kan

sas , arrested eleven Free State settlers , and shot them . Five
were killed , the others escaped by feigning death .
7. What recent amendment has been made to the con
stitution of Kansas ?
Ans . — That conferring the right of suffrage on women .
8. What important calamities have befallen the people of
Kansas at various times since the organization of the ter
ritory ?
Ans . — Border warfare before and during the Civil War ,
severe drouths in 1860 and 1874 , grasshopper plague in
1867 and 1874 , financial panic , beginning in 1887 .
9. Give the names and dates of four constitutions made
for Kansas . Under which one was Kansas admitted into
the Union ? When ?
Ans. ( a) Topeka constitution , October and November ,
1855 ; September to November, 1857 ; Lecompton , March
to May, 1858 ; Leavenworth , March , 1858 ; Wyandotte , July
1859. ( b ) Wyandotte . ( c) January 29 , 1861 .
10. Give the names and locations of the educational in
stitutions organized during the early history of the state .
Ans . — Baker University , Baldwin , was established in 1858 ,
and in 1863 it was decided to establish the University of
Kansas at Lawrence ; the State Agricultural College at Man .
hattan , and the State Normal School at Emporia .
11. Discuss the commission form of government in cities .
CIVIL GOVERNMENT .
1. Justify the teaching of civil government in the public
schools .
Ans . — The boys and the girls are in the future to be the
citizens, and it is of great importance that instruction in
the duties of citizenship be given to them as early as
possible .
2. From what sources did the Constitutional Convention
get the material from which the constitution was made ?
Ans . —Much of it came from British sources , but the
material was adapted to the needs of the young nation , and
the members of the convention originated a great deal.
3. ( a ) What part of the constitution is called the Bill of
Rights ? ( b ) Why so called ?
Ans .- ( a ) The first ten amendments . ( 6 ) Because they
contain guarantees of right belonging to the people as indi .
viduals .
4. How many amendments to the constitution have been
STATE OF KANSAS 65
adopted ? What was the last amendment and when was it

adopted ?
Ans .- ( a ) Seventeen . ( b ) It provides for the direct
election by the people of United States Senators.
5. Senator Bristow's term expired March 4 , last . Who
succeeded him ? When and how was he elected ?
Ans . - Charles H. Curtis . He was elected by a direct
vote of the people .
6. What are the duties of the President of the United
States as specified in the constitution ?
Ans the army and navy
of
to .--
Commander chief in has
;
-
-
grant reprieves and pardons except
ofof
in
power cases
by
impeachment treaties and with the consent
to
make
;
appoints ambassadors judges
of
the Senate consuls the
,
;
fill vacan
he
to
supreme and other courts shall have power
;
the laws may convene both houses
of
cies enforces Con
;
it ;
he
gress when deems necessary

.
ten powers Congress including

of
Name the war

7
,
.
power
.
Ans lay and collect taxes

To
—
borrow money
to
a to to
;
;
.
coin money establish post offices and post roads

to to
;
; ;
declare war raise and support armies provide

to
;
navy provide for calling forth the militia promote
to
to
;
the progress define and punish piracies

of
to
science
;
.
Explain the commission form
of of
government Kan
. in
. 8.
.
of
sas Describe the form ballot now used Kansas

in
council elected by
of
Ans Instead members

a
,
(
)
, .
by
wards commissioners the city large Each

at
are elected
.
commissioner has certain duties administration assigned

in
responible department
(
him and he for his
to
held
is
b
,
)
.
For the applicant

.
county city
of
Name the state and courts Kansas How

9.
are the judges

of
these court electcd

?
Ans The supreme court district court police court

—
,
.
of
courts justices the peace probate judges court city

of
court
.
10. What laws have recently been passed that bring large
money into the national treasury Distinguish be
a of
sums
?
tween national bank note and United States treasury

a
note
.-
.
The income tax law and the requiring

of
Ans
a
,
(
)
certain business papers

on
revenue stamps national

A
b
, .
a (
)
bank note was issued by national bank United States

a
treasury note was issued directly by the United States

.
GEOGRAPHY
.
of
Give illustration inductive process teaching topic

1.
in
a
in geography . Make your own selection of topic .

Ans . - Human beings wherever found on the earth are
affected similarly by heat , cold , disease , joy , sorrow . Obser
vations made in China South America Europe , Africa , lead to
the conclusion that man is subject to the laws of nature
everywhere .
.
2 and 3. ( a ) Of what value to a child would the study of
weather conditions be ?
Ans —He would become familiar with the causes which
bring about changes in weather ; his observing powers would
expand and his knowledge of nature would grow .
( b ) Describe method and means you would use in study
ing weather conditions .
I
Ans .— would have a thermometer and a barometer in the
school room and would teach children to take observations
regularly and with accuracy. Results should be placed upon
the blackboard . The movements of clouds should be ob
served .
4. Outline a geography lesson on Longitude and Time .
A
Include means you would use .
Ans . - globe should be used in teaching Longitude and
Time . The subject can not be properly taught nothing if
is used but maps . Explanations should be given as to the
meridian from which longitude is reckoned and the difference
between Standard and sun time should be given . The class
should be asked to find the difference in time between given
places .
5. What are the leading natural products of South Amer
ica ? Account for their production .
Ans . ( a) Mahogany , rosewood , logwood , cinchona , India
rubber plants , vanilla bean , palms, bananas, bamboos , tree
ferns , cayenne pepper , potatoes, tomatoes , tobacco , maize .
( b ) Heavy rainfalls , combined with a tropical climate , ac
count for many products . Products vary with the variations
in climate .
6. Distinguish between a map and a plan . What should
each show ?
Ans .—A map shows divisions , boundaries , rivers , moun .
tains , cities and sometimes productions ; a plan shows mainly
outlines, as in the plan of a schoolhouse , directions , windows
and doors are shown .
7. Name the leading industries of Kansas , locating sec
its
tion of greatest prominence , and account for existence

.
Ans Agriculture stock raising mining manufacturing

,
,
,
.
-
to A. . .
-
Describe two routes from New York San Francisco

to
8.
Chicago thence
.-
Ans New York Central Lines

to
F. (a
;
)
R.
Pennsylvania Lines
R.
T.
San Francisco
to
S.
&
.
STATE OF KANSAS 67
Chicago ; thence Chicago Rock Island & Pacific to Denver ;

thence Colorado Midland to Salt Lake City ; thence lines to
San Francisco .
9 and 10. Select any state ( except Kansas ) and illustrate
a composition lesson on the geography .

( Answer ten . )
1. Name three contagious diseases and give means of
avoiding them . Explain immunity .
Ans . ( a) Three contagious diseases are tuberculosis ,
diphtheria , and small pox ; avoided by isolating the patient,
all
destroying excreta from the patient and making people
,
artificially immune Immunity from
be at
freedom
is
, 6
.
(
)
certain diseases and may be natural

of
tacks
or or
may
, ,
by
by
acquired recovering from certain disease vac
a
cination
? In .
what way does exercise benefit the lungs and the

2.
muscles
Ans .- By compelling person breathe deeply and
is to
a
a
(
)
vigorously the elasticity the lungs

of
better maintained
.
up
Certain foods the muscle cells are burned during
to in
6
(
)
be
exercise and have replaced from the blood This ex .

haustion and renewal tends
to
make the muscle harder
,
larger stronger and better
co
ordinated
,
,
a .
-
Classify foods What constitutes good diet

3.
.-
?
.
Tissue formers the proteids force gen

as
Ans
a
), ),
( (
( as)
erators proteids fats and carbohydrates and force

,
regulators the active portions of tea coffee and alco

as
liquors ab
of
holic Such combination harmless

,
b
as a
)
(
).
sorbable and varied foods will give person four times

a
as
carbohydrates proteids
of
or
ofas
much fats small amount

,
a
of
the various salts and acids and an abundance water

of ,
What the nature Why are colds dan

4.
is
cold
a
.gerous
?
such severity
of
Ans bacterial attack

A
cold
is
a
a
(
)
.
or
less fever and local inflammation

It
as
to
cause more
,
runs well known course unless nature resist

in
assisted
is
a
ing the invading bacteria Because they weaken the

b
)
(
.
tody degree as unable resist other

to
to
to
such make
it
a
of
as
kinds still more dangerous bacteria the bacteria
.
,
or
causing pneumonia tuberculosis

.
What are enzymes State their function

5.
Ans Enzymes are digestive ferments they

e
a
.,
(
)
i.
change the composition

of
are substances that induce

in
a
other substances without any change Ex

in
themselves
.
amples : Ptyalin and amylopsin , the splitters of starch into

sugar ; and pepsin and trypsin , the splitters of proteids into
peptones . ( b ) They change the chemical composition of
foods in such a way as to make them absorbable .
6. Discuss two different kinds of bacteria , and state
where they are found .
Ans.- ( a) Pathogenic or disease -producing bacteria are
found in such organic substances as milk , meat , the excreta
of animals , and sometimes in water . They enter the body
through skin punctures , food canal, air passages , or urinary
passages , multiply rapidly and produce deadly poisons
which cause the various symptoms of the different diseases .
( 6 ) Non -pathogenic bacteria are either harmless or bene
ficial. They are found in air , water , soil and in organic
substances . The beneficial varieties produce the lactic acid
of milk , the acetic acid of vinegar , the nitrogen - containing
plant foods in soils , and the flavors of butter and cheese .
7. Name muscles that regulate the movements of the eye .
(a
Where is the optic nerve , and what is its function ?
Ans . ) The superior, inferior, external and internal
rectus and the oblique muscles . ( b ) The connecting nerve
between eye and brain , to carry excitations caused by light
waves to the occipital lobes of the cerebrum .
8. What is the composition of the blood ? Name some
diseases of the blood , and state how they may be prevented .
Ans. ( a) One -half corpuscles and one -half plasma, the
corpuscles being red corpuscles , pale corpuscles of six or
more varieties , and the platelets . The plasma consists of
a coagulable, liquid “ circulation protein called fibrino
gen , and a serum which consists of water , salts , fats, pro
teids and sugars , together with several kinds of wastes .
(b) Anemia , the result of injury to the red corpuscle
forming tissues . Prevented by avoiding the bite of the
female anopheles mosquito which has previously bitten a
-
malarial patient , and by avoiding other unknown condi
tions . Leukemia — the result of an enormous increase of
the pale corpuscles of the blood . Purpura a hemorrhage
in and beneath the skin . Prevented by avoiding certain
poisons and bacterial infections .
9. Name four excretory organs . Name diseases of them .
Ans .- (a) Skin , kidneys , lungs , liver .
Bright's disease , consumption , cirrhosis .
( b ) Lupus ,
10. What is the function of the nervous system ? Name

the divisions of the brain , with function of each part .
Ans .- ( a ) To enable an individual to take notice of the
various stimuli of his environment , and to adjust himself
to this environment . ( 6 ) Cerebrum , center of intellect ,
STATE OF KANSAS 69
feeling , will , voluntary motion and subconscious motion ;

cerebellum , center of balancing , and of co -ordinating the
voluntary muscles ; medulla , center of respiration , circula .
tion , swallowing , speech , etc.
11.
— In
what way you apply your knowledge
of
do
hygiene
your schoolroom
in
?
Ans By the applicant
.
.
poverty crime and
of
12. Discuss the relation alcohol
to
,
insanity
.
by
-
Ans Its use increases poverty both diverting money
.
buying food clothing fuel and shelter and

in
from use
,
,
by
rendering the user unfit physically mentally and

so
,
to
morally position
be
Its use
in
as
to
unable hold
.
.
creases crime by weakening will and
at
the same time
,
to
strengthening tendencies impulsive action
of
the basest
sort Its use increases insanity directly by changing the
.
the brain and indirectly by leading

of
tissues certain
to
or ,
so
vices which sooner later change the brain
as
of to
cause
insanity the investigations Fifty
In
of
the Committee
.
the Liquor Problem
25
on
Dr. Billins says that per cent
of
,
the poverty the United States traced liquor and that

in
to
is
,
nearly per cent
50
intemperance
of
to
is
crime due
.
.
Answer Ten
)
(
Define gravity incrtia and centrifugal force

1.
in .
Ans Gravity
all
the force which causes bodies parts
is
.-
of the earth fall the direction of its center Inertia

to
in
the incapability of matter

its
change
to
is
state whether
of rest Centrifugal force the
be
of
or
that one motion

to is
.
force which impels revolving body from the center the

a
circumference of its orbit

.
of
How soil produced Name three kinds soil What

2.
byis
? ?
dry farming
is
meant
Ans Soil formed by the disintegration rocks by
Toof
is
-
.
weathering erosion and the action glaciers this rock

of
,
,
waste are added much decayed vegetable and animal mat

distinguished as loamy clayey
be
ter Soils may peaty

or
,
,
.
Dry farming the term applied system of cultivation

to
is
semi arid region By this system the available

in
used
-
conserved for use

of
moisture the owing crops

is
the cyclonic whirls or storms

.
Describe the passge

of
3.
which pass over the United States What effect has

a
.
on
high the weather

?
“
. ”
Ans The United States lie for the most part within
—
the path the prevailing westerlies

of
These winds do not

,
.
however blow straight toward the east without interruption

,
,
-70 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
but they break into vast whirls or spirals swinging around

from right to left . The center about which they blow is
a low pressure area , and the entire cyclonic whirl moves in
an easterly or northeasterly direction . The effect of a
" high " is a lowering of the temperature , a rising barome
ter , and clear , settled weather
4. What is meant by these terms as applied to electricity :
conductor, nonconductor, insulator , circuit , cell ? Give an
illustration of each .
Ans .— Substances which offer little resistance to the flow
of electricity are called conductors . For example , copper
wire . Substances which offer great resistance to the flow
of electricity are called non -conductors . For example , glass .
An insulator is a non - conducting substance used to prevent
the escape of electricity from circuit . For example , the
glass insulators used on telegraph and telephone lines . A
circuit is the entire path along which electricity flows, and
it comprises the battery itself and the wire or other con
ductor connecting the elements . For example , an electric
doorbell . The push -button closes the circuit . Two solids
differing electro -chemically placed in an electrolytic liquid
constitute a galvanic cell. One of these plates must be
more actively attacked by the liquid than the other .
5. Describe briefly the storage of food in plants , giving
forms in which the food is stored , parts in which it is stored ,
and uses made of the stored food .
Ans. - Food stored in plants is commonly in the form of
starch and proteins. It is found in the much -thickened parts
of the plant . Examples are the potato , onion , beet , fruits ,
and seeds . The food thus stored is an important article of
its
itsin
food for men and animals . The purpose of storage
the plant that the plant itself may finally use
in
is of is
it
processes growth
.
What the chief difference between the vertebrate and

6.
invertebrate animals
of
Name some the invertebrate

?
animals you know

.
— '
Ans The vertebrate animals comprise those which have

.
body composed definite divisions the nervous and circu

of
a
; by
latory systems are completely separated partition the

;
a
limbs are never more than four number generally there

in
in is
bony axis known

or
as
the spine vertebral column and

a
;
all
specialized circulatory system present The inver

is
a
'
.
do
tebrate animals not possess these characteristics Some

.
of
common examples
, of
invertebrate animals are insects

various kinds spiders and craw fish
,
.
-
7.
How are river deltas formed Name one the United

in
?
States
.
STATE OF KANSAS 71
Ans .— The water of a river carries immense quantities

of sediment . When the river enters a quiet lake or the sea
its
velocity
of
checked and much the sediment de
is
is
,
of
posited near the point
of
entrance This embankment
.
sediment will grow higher and higher until reaches the
it
surface and will obstruct the flow causing
of
the stream
,
,
outlet by several channels
an
spread out and seek
to
to
it
the sea deposited material will ex
of
The embankment
.
tend farther and farther out into the lake or ocean
It
is
.
this way that deltas are formed the Mis
of
The delta
in
.
sissippi River the best example the United States
in
is
.
of
What kind coasts are found the United States
? ? in
8.
How have coast
or
with respect elevation depression
to
conditions influenced their inhabitants How are coasts

safeguarded
is
?
—
Cape Cod the coast

of
Ans North rocky steep and
,
,
.
Cape Cod the coast
of
exceedingly irre lar Pass south
.
less abrupt and rocky and less irregular Along the

is
.
no
Carolinas the coast low and straight with rocks but
is
,
many sand bars The Gulf coast also low offering few
.
is
,
good harbors The Pacific coast of California moder
is
.
ately high and steep but regular with few harbors The
,
north Pacific coast is more irregular and lower especially

,
.
,
the Puget Sound region An irregular coast line with
in
up
to
many harbors influences people fishing ship
or
take
ping adopt pursuits more less directly dependent
on
or
or
to
,
its
these The United States government through weather
,
.
service light houses life saving service and coast patrol

,
,
,
,
-
-
protects shipping from the dangers

of
the coast
.
How are coal deposits formed Why mineral wealth

9.
is
?
mountain regions than elsewhere

so
in
much more common

?
Ans The areas along the lower courses

of
.-
streams
a
and along the coast after being covered by

(
)
dense growth
a
,
by the subsidence
of
vegetation submerged
of
the land
is
,
of .
The vegetation then deeply covered by the deposits

is
the ocean At later period the land raised again and

is
a
.
,
up
may even mountainous region This

be
lifted into
a
subjects the vein pressure which has much

) do
of
( to
coal
to
of
with the differences

arein
the character the coal found

b
.
Mountain regions regions of great disturbance

of
the
of
earth's crust Here the forces heat water and pressuro

,
.
have worked most effectively separating the useful miner

in
als from the rocks Besides they are more accessible having
,
,
.
up
been forced through the crust the top

to
, .
10. How would you explain air dew frost fog and snow
,
, ,
?
,
It —
an
Ans The air invisible elastic gas enveloping the

is
.
made up chiefly
of
earth nitrogen about

21
per cent
is
.
,
and oxygen , about 79 per cent , and is a material substance

having weight . The air contains a varying amount of water
vapor . At night the air cools , and its ability to hold mois
ture decreases . If it cools sufficiently the moisture of the
air will be condensed and collect on vegetation as dew If
the temperature should continue to fall until it reaches the
freezing point , the collected moisture will freeze , and would
then be called frost The clouds are made up of minute
particles of vapor If the condensation of this vapor should
occur in a region where the temperature is below freezing
snow would be formed Fog is simply low -hanging clouds .
11. What is the effect of mountains on history ?
Ans. - Mountains are natural barriers , and as such limit
the movement of people or make migration difficult . This
is true of the past , rather than the present , for modern
engineering skill has made the crossing of these barriers
comparatively easy . They are also important factors in con .
ditioning climate . Thus a region may be made very favor
able for occupation by man or, on the other hand , extremely
unfavorable .
ENGLISH CLASSICS .
1. What are the especial values in reading literature
aloud ?
-
Ans . If the reader can enter into the spirit of the selec
tion and has a pleasing voice , much may be done in im
pressing upon the mind and memory the beauties of great
productions .
2. ( a) Write briefly regarding the author of " A Christ
mas Carol. ” ( b ) Name at least three other writings of this
author , that you have read .
.-
Ans ( a) The works of Charles Dickens are extensively
read wherever English is spoken , and in many countries
where other languages are in use. His books have led to re
forms of many abuses in law , schools and prisons . ( b ) For
the applicant .
3. Trace the change in the mind and life of Scrooge .
Ans . - Reflections on his avaricious , cold life transformed
Scrooge so that he became a kindly , benevolent, old man .
4. What features mark “ A Christmas Carol ' ' as an Eng
lish story ?
Ans .— The festivities and good cheer which mark the sea
son
.
lie
in
5. Suggest possibilities of dramatization that

A
"
Christmas Carol
.”
Ans The ghost Scrooge's visions and reminiscences

—
and
;
.
the story suggest

of
other features
of
number ways
in
a
STATE OF KANSAS 73
which dramatization would be practicable and successful .

6. Name five books that you consider most valuable read
ing for eighth - grade pupils . State reasons for selection .
Ans . - It would be difficult to select from a hundred or
more books , most of them equally good . It is highly im
portant that every student should be able to use the best
English with ease , accuracy and grace . Hence , books , in
which the Saxon element predominates , should be studied
and made a part of one's being . The Bible , it is assumed ,
would be first in any list . After that , the Pilgrims Progress ,
autobiography of Franklin , Shakespeare , under wise
guidance , Irving's life of Washington .
7. What means and methods would you use in teaching
" The Chambered Nautilus ' ?? ( Specify five items . )
Ans . - A description of the Nautilus . A description of the
to its
shell and significant structure showing the emerging

stage and teaching
us
from stage that human beings must
likewise progress from past present and future
to
.
of
What the message the poem

8.
is
Ans See answer ?

7
.
Name two other poems written Oliver Wendell by

9.
Holmes
.-- .
Ans Old Ironsides The Last Leaf

"
.
"
''
;
"'.
any would you make selecting

in
10. What distinction
if
,
literature for city children and country children

?
Ans.- None whatever There republic letters of
is
a
.
which includes all literature worth knowing from every

kindred and nation and people and tongue
.
PHYSICS
.
Answer any eight

(
.)
Where did the Metric System originate

of
Name two
1.
? ?
its advantages What are the principal units

.
.
In
of
Ans France uniform scale relation

A
(b
a
,
.
(
)
and the nomenclature Meter square meter dekameter

c
,
.
(
)
cubic meter liter gram franc

,
? an ,
Describe experiment that proves Boyle's Law What

2.
Charles Law
is
'
Ans Description for applicant Boyle's Law

or
(a
)
.
Mariotte's law The volume of gas inversely propor

is
a
:
tional the pressure exerted upon Law

to
Charles
it
b
.
:
(
)
The volume remaining the same The pressure exerted by

.
its
of
given mass gas increases for each degree

of
1/273 OoC
a
rise temperature
in
Explain briefly why water rises capillary tubes

3.
in
What are the laws governing capillarity

?
Ans Laws Liquids ascend tubes when they wet

in
1
(
)
-
:
.
them when the surface is concave ; and they are depressed !

when they do not wet them that is , when the surface is
con
vex . ( 2 ) The elevation or depression is inversely as the
diameter of the tube . ( 3 ) The elevation or the depression
decreases as the temperature increases . If
a glass tube is
put in water the liquid will rise because the adhesion be
tween the glass and the water is greater than the cohesion
of the water .
4. What determines each of the following : pitch , loudness ,
quality ? Why use two or more strings for the same note , as
.
in the violin ?
Ans ( a ) By the number of vibrations made by the
body in a second . ( 6 ) Loudness depends on the energy of
the vibratory movement , and on the condition of the ear in
which the sensation is produced . ( c ) Quality depends upon
the relative phase and intensity of the overtones present ,
and the resultant wave -form will determine the quality of the
tone . ( b ) The additional strings allow of the simultaneous
production of several tones .
5. Make simple drawing of the transformer . When can .
it be used ? What does it transform ?
. . Ans .— ( a ) Drawing for the applicant . ( b ) When it is
desired to change one form of energy into another , as me
chanical energy into electricity . ( c ) It transforms an electric
current from a high to a low potential ( step -down trans
former ) , or vice versa ( step -up transformer ) , without
changing the current energy .
-
6. What is polarization and how is it prevented ?
Ans . It causes a diminution in the intensity of the elec
tric current caused by the film of hydrogen which gathers
on the copper plate . Remedies : Roughening the positive
plate to lessen the adhesion of the gas. The use of an
oxidizing agent to oxidize the hydrogen before it reaches
the positive plate .
7. In what way is the lightning rod supposed to protect
the building on which it is placed ? Who invented it ?
.-
Ans ( a ) Electricity always seeks the best conductor , so
it follows the iron or copper rod into the ground . ( b ) Ben
jamin Franklin .
8. If 220 volts are applied to the terminals of an in
candescent light , and a .3 ampere current flows through it ,
what is its resistance ?
Ans .— 660 .
9. Give simple proof of rectilinear propagation of light .
What are virtual and real images ? What is refraction ?
Ans . ( a ) If an opaque object is placed between the eye
and a luminous point , it hides the point from view . This
STATE OF KANSAS 75
shows that light is propagated in straight lines . ( b ) An

image that may be thrown on a screen is called a Real
Image . An image that appears behind a reflecting surface ,
and that can not be thrown upon a screen is called a Virtual
Image . ( c ) The bending of a ray of light out of its course
when it passes from one medium to another is called Re
fraction .
READING .
1. Give two reasons whyfacility in silent reading is de
sirable .
Ans . The pupils study silently , and nearly all the read
ing he does after he leaves school is done silently .
2. Which should be taught first to beginners , sight words
or phonograms ? Give the reason for your answer .
Ans. — Sight words . Let the child take in the word as a
whole first , and analyze it afterward .
3. What is the advantage in the use of games in teaching
reading ? How may the same or similar results be secured in
the use of ordinary reading matter ?
Ans .-
( a ) Interest is added in the teaching . ( b ) A good
teacher can create interest by any method .
4. In what grades should the acquisition of a vocabulary
receive the most consideration ? Why ?
Ans .— In the primary grades . In the higher grades the
pupils can , by reading , add to their vocabulary , but in the
primary rooms the children need guidance and help .
5. In connection with the lesson plan discuss the pupil's
part in the preparation of the lessons . Illustrate by refer
ence to some familiar poem or prose selection .
ANS :—He should be helped in studying unfamiliar
phrases and words ; emphasis and pauses . See the selection
below .
6. What are three tests which may be applied in higher
grades to determine the quality of a pupil's reading ?
Ans . —Does he understand the thought ; can he read in a
distinct , melodious manner ; can he spell
all
the words
?
By what means may interest reading

be
in
in
7.
aroused
child third grade
in
or
the second
a
?
By
objects pictures intelligent guidance

of
Ans the
;
;
.
; -
teacher by the use

of
supplementary reading
In
.
8-10 connection with the following selection prepare

) a
.
lesson plan including introductory statement

an
;
6
( a
,
(
c )
directions for reading five questions suitable for use

;
)
as test questions recitation

in
the
,
MY OWN UNITED STATES .

My native land ; my country dear
Where men are equal , free ,
For thee each morn , new love is born ,
Sweet land of liberty !
With tears my eyes are filling fast ,
Yes , tears that joy awaits ;
I
With love cry , " For you I'd die !
My own United States.
Refrain .
I love ev'ry inch of her prairie land ,
Each stone on her mountain -side,
I love ev'ry drop of the water clear ,
That flows in her rivers wide ;
I love ev'ry tree , ev'ry blade of grass ,
Within Columbia's gates !
The Queen of the earth is the land of my birth ,
My own United States . -Stanislaus Stange .
Ans. ( a ) The chief thought, love of country ; the author ;
( b ) It should be read with feeling ; ( c ) What is the chief
thought in this selection ? How are men equal ? Where else
can you find the expression , “ Sweet land of liberty ' !? Is
love of country any deeper in mountain lands than it
is on
plains ? What are the methods and similes in the selection ?

1. How does an infant obtain the first materials for
thought ?
Ans . — Through his senses and throughsense - training
2 under intelligent supervision .
2. What is the function of the end organs in the nervous
system ? Give two illustrations .
Ans . — They pick up sensations , which are then trans
mitted to the brain .
3. Describe a method of training in accuracy of percep
tion .
Ans . — Let objects be given to the children , and let descrip
tions be given by each child of everything pertaining to the
object. This will test the accuracy of perception . Any ob
jects such as apples , ears of corn , potatoes may be used .
4. How is the mind's record of past experience preserved ?
-
What is the pedagogical importance of this fact ?
Ans . By reviewing knowledge already acquired and con
necting it with the new knowledge which comes to the child
day by day . In order that knowledge may be valuable to
the child, he must be shown
its
past experiences
to
relation
be .
by
Describe three ways which the attention may

5.
STATE OF KANSAS 77
secured and show the application in teaching .

Ans . — By making the school and lessons interesting ; by
training the will to 'exclude everything else , while studying ,
but the subject before the child ; by encouraging and prais
ing the child when he is succeeding . The application is that
children will not learn , nor progress, unless they are inter
ested .
6. Mention three particulars in which rural -school condi
tions are improving and state the causes .
Ans .— Better schoolhouses are being built ; the course of
study is more systematic ; more instruction in agriculture is
given . These conditions are coming through the constant
efforts of teachers ' associations , granges and other farmers '
organizations , and the State Agricultural College .
7. Describe a suitable method of lighting a school room .
Ans .— It should be lighted so that the light may come
from the left of the pupils when they are seated .
8. Is it desirable that pupils be encouraged to ask ques
tions in the recitation ? Why ?
Ans . - Certainly if they are serious questions. Because the
questions indicate that the children are interested .
9. What are the requirements for a common- school
diploma ?
Ans. — For the applicant .
10. What provision did the legislature of 1915 make with
reference to first -grade certificates in ( a ) examination ? ( b )
renewal ? ( c) exchange for state certificates ?
Ans . ( a ) The applicant must be not less than twenty
years of age , must have taught successfully not less than
fourteen months ; must have an average grade of ninety and
not less than seventy - five in any branch required for a sec
ond -grade certificate and in English history and the elements
of physics ; and who in addition thereto has completed a
two -year course of study or
its
equivalent high school

in
a
by
of
approved
be
the State Board Education Can

b
)
(
.
payment of one dollar into the institute fund

on
renewed
in ;
the applicant has attended least three five ay

at
if
and
-d
or
or
of
stitutes one four week institute has attended some

-
for
approved school six weeks during the period for which

the certificate was issued and that such professional work
,
the county superintendent shall prescribe for the renewal

as
Three year elementary certificates may

(
has been done

c
)
-
.
be given persons who hold first rade certificates pro

to
,
-g
vided that the applicant has completed four year course

of
a
study approved high school and

an
addition two
in
in
,
or a
,
year course an approved normal school college

in
uni
. ,
versity For further particulars see the law

.
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE
.
( Answer ten . )
1. What uses do plants make of water ? How does the
amount contained by a plant at any time compare with the
total amount used ? Explain why this is so .
Ans . — The water of plants dissolves the food material of
the soil for plant use , it
also carries other elements . The
all
plant takes per cent
10
to
of
but about the water from
5
the soil
.
by
the tillering Of what ad
of
What
2.
it is
meant wheat
?
meant by winter
it to
vantage farmer What
is
the
is
?
by
wheat Why preferred
is Kansas farmers
. ?
?
-
Tillerage the stooling branching
of
or
Ans the main
plant stem during the first few weeks is the plant growth
of
.
The tillerage
of
more complete stand
of
admits
It
wheat
in a
.
resumed the spring with winter wheat Winter wheat
is is
.
that variety sown the fall yields better ripens
in
it
,
,
earlier and escapes drouth etc.
,
,
What trees would you select for shade planting for your
3.
For windbreak planting

be of
section the state How should

?
?
the soil prepared for such plantings
!
-
Ans The elm and the maple for shade The catalpa
,
.
.
planted thickly makes good windbreak The soil should
a
,
.
have been thoroughly cultivated the year previous plant
to
ing which insures proper aeration and supply
of
moisture
4. ,
.
Name two insects injurious the apple Give brief
to
a
.
their life history and tell how
to
of
sketch combat them
.
Ans The tent caterpillar and the apple maggot The
.—
.
caterpillar eggs are deposited
on
the branches where they

,
as by
by
are easily seen and can burning and
be
destroyed
,
birds The maggot hard control the fly that lays

to
is
,
.
the eggs deposits through the apple skin The fallen

it
,
apples should hogs

be
fed
to
good seed potato

5.
Describe Give directions for the

a
the potato crop with reasons for doing the

of
cultivation
as
work you direct

.
seed potato should show the character

it of
Ans
.—
the
A
variety chosen Cultivation should begin early

as
aids
,
.
the soil maintaining moisture keeps loose and keeps

in
it
,
down weeds
.
What usually causes diseases

of
live stock How are

6.
these diseases spread

be
How may they controlled

?
Ans Disease caused by interference with the natural

is
-
.
the organs the body

be
This may
of
' of
functions caused
.
or by
uncleanliness impure water improper feeding

or
food
,
,
transmitted from diseased herds Diseases are spread by

.
im
running water dogs etc. Dead carcasses hould be

,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 79
mediately burned or deeply buried . Disinfectants should

be used .
7. What are the advantages to the farmer in keeping a
record of his dairy cows ? Tell how such records should be
kept .
-
Ans . A record shows how much milk a cow gives and
how much she eats and her cost of keeping . The record
should show the amount of milk obtained , the amount of
butter fat and the amount of feed . The milk should be
measured and weighed about twice a month and an average
taken .
8. Give the origin and general description of two breeds
of draft horses . What are the characters which make each
breed specially valuable ?
Ans .— The Percheron and the Clydesdale . The Percheron
originated in France , and was developed from Arabian and
native stock . The are usually gray or black , with good
disposition , action and weight . The Clydesdale originated in
Scotland , developed from the Flemish and native stock . Has
good weight and action .
9. How and for what purposes would you add lime to the
soil ? Of what importance is humus in the soil ?
of It .--
Lime improves
of
Ans the mechanical condition the
soil also improves sour acid soils Humus returns
to
,
.
the soil many plant foods and increases the water holding
,
power the soil -

.
10. For what purposes may cowpeas grown Give

be
directions for preparing seedbed for them and for plant

a
ing them
.
Ans Cowpeas are grown for hay seed pasture and green
.—
manure The seedbed should be well prepared as to

so
,
.
preserve moisture as they are usually planted late Early

,
plowing with continued cultivation best

is
you go about the improvement

of
11. How would the

sorghum crop Give characters for which you would select
?
seed and other directions How do breeders go about the

,
.)
of
improvement wheat
?
be
—
Ans The improvement should made largely through

.
selected from plants

be
the seed selection The seed should

.
which ripen early and uniformly and bearing_type char

,
,
uniform height Wheat improved by careful

of
acteristics
.
seed selection
.
WRITING
.
the compact oval

of
Make half line each

1.
the
a
,
(
)
push and pull exercise and retraced ovals two spaces high
,
-
making
of
Make half line each the same exercises

a
b
,
(
)
them one space high .

2. Discuss materials to be used in writing .
Ans .— Good pens and holders, ink of the best quality , and
practice papers are necessary . Rulers may be needed oc
casionally .
3. What use should be made of the blackboard in teach
ing writing ?
Ans .— The blackboard gives desirable practice in arm
movements , as it gives greater freedom to the arm , hands
and fingers .
4. ( a ) Write five lines of connected small letter n , five
letters in a group , three groups to a line . ( 6 ) Write five
lines of connected small letter e in the same way .
Ans .— For the applicant .
5 . Write a paragraph of about fifty words on the sub
ject “ The Value of Good Handwriting , ” as a en of
your muscular movement writing .
SPELLING .
1. Diaphragm Delegate Squalor
Superintendent Petiole Herculean
Connoisseur Geyser Laureate
Vassal Lymph Miniature
Souvenir Diphtheria Neuralgia
Mortgages Dalorous Quarantine
Resume Artillery
( Credit two points for correctly .)
each word spelled
2. What values lie in the study of orthography ?
Ans .— There is an education in the study of language ;
the derivation and composition of words ; and the growth of
orthography , like that of a tree ; correct spelling .
-
3. Distinguish between articulation and pronunciation .
Ans . Scripture says articulation “ refers merely to vocal
movements , that it has no connection with the distinctness
of speech . Pronunciation is the act of uttering with
the proper sound and accent ; utterance ; as the pronuncia
tion of syllables and words .
4. Mark the following words diacritically : Antelope ,
pronunciation , onyx , police , was .
Ans .— See the dictionary .
5. ( a ) In what grade would you begin formal spelling
lessons ? ( 6 ) What per cent of spelling words should be
written ?
Ans . ( a) In the fourth or fifth . ( b ) In life , one is not
STATE OF KANSAS 81
often asked to spell orally . The test of spelling in business

is the writing of words . Oral spelling , especially in the
primary grades , is important in that it teaches pronuncia
tion , syllabication , and accent .
6. Analyze orthographically : Predisposed , innumerable .
Ans . — See the dictionary .
7. What values are found in simplified spelling ; what
objections are raised ?
Ans . — Very few . The destroying of the history of the
language ; the interference with the natural growth .
MUSIC .
1. Write four measures of 3/4 time, each different .
2. How is fi represented in the key of C ?
Ans .— As F - sharp on any F degree by means of sharp
accidental .
3. What is the use of syllables in singing ?
Ans . — They aid as mental association for tonal ideas , give
definite names for tones in key relation , help in discrim
ination between similar and contrasting ideas . With these
things clear to the mind , recording musical thoughts is
facilitated .
4. Explain how a round is sung .
Ans .— The parts begin at regular rhythmic periods , re .
turning from the end to the beginning for as many repeti
tions as desired .
5. Explain the use of a tie ; a dot ; a hold .
Ans .— The tie connects two successive notes which call
for the same pitch, indicating that a single tone is to con
tinue through the value of both tied notes . The dot after
a note or rest increases the value of same by one -half ; a
dotted whole note equals a whole note and half note tied ,
a dotted eighth note equals an eighth note and sixteenth
note tied , etc. A hold over a note means an indefinite pro
longation of tone or silence .
October 30 and 31 , 1915 .
ARITHMETIC .
1. ( a) How
does a child get his first notion of numbers ?
(6 ) What is the value of
the drill on the 45 combinations ?
Ans .-
(a ) A child's first notion numbers is acquired of
from objects . He first is sensible of the fact that there are
more than one in a group of things of the same kind . He
soon wants to know how many and learns to operate with
number symbols and through the use of symbols he gains
the idea of number in the abstract . ( b ) A complete mas
tery of
the 45 combinations is absolutely indispensable for
rapid and accurate addition . Drill is the means by which
the pupil can acquire this mastery .
2. Why should addition and subtraction be taught to
-
gether ? How may it be done ?
Ans . Addition and subtraction should be taught to
gether because each operation supplements the other . At
the time of learning to build up the sum of two numbers the
pupil should learn the reverse process of separating that
Thus the pupil learns that
5 its
sum into parts and are
3
,
.
Then and are follows that The

8.
5.
if
less are
it
3
3
number will come stand for and That the
to
3.
is
8
of 5
,
its
thought parts becomes inter

. of
the whole and the sum

changeable
the pupil
of
What the value checking the result

to
3.
is
problems
in
of
the solution
?
-
Ans Checking the result helps make the reasoning

to
.
clear Also teaches the pupil become more independent

to
it
.
his thinking and more accurate the processes

of
solu
in
in
tion
4. .
Define factor multiple prime number composite

,
number
.- .
Ans more numbers

of
or
factor one two

is
A
a
(
)
which multiplied together will make that number The

(b
.
product multiple
of
two abstract numbers

c of
called
is
prime number
no
either one that has factors ex

is
A
(
)
.
cept itself and number not prime called com

A
is
d
a
(
)
i.
posite number
.
taught first common fractions

be
or
Which should
5.
,
(
? )
Why approach
of
decimals Discuss the best method

6
?
(
)
to
decimals
.
Ans taught first The

be
Common fractions should

(a
)
.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 83
common fraction comes first historically . Besides the deci

mal is the more highly symbolic form and the less highly
symbolic subject should precede . ( b ) The best method of
approach to decimals is through common fractions . Teach
that a common fraction having 10 or some power of 10 for
a denominator can be expressed as a decimal . Teach also
that any common fraction can be changed so that its de
nominator will be 10 or some power of 10 and can then be
written as a decimal. Spend time in changing from com
mon fractions to decimals and vice versa . The ideas of
decimals should then be organized .
6. A man spent one - third of his money for food , one
fourth for clothing , and one- fifth for shelter . He then had
$ 39 left. How much did he have at first ?
Solution :
1 1 1 20 + 15 + 12
-3 + -4 + 60
5
47
Part spent.
60
60 47 13
= Part saved .
60 60 60
But $ 39 is part saved

Therefore 1360 = $ 39 and 160
-
113 of $ 39 or $ 3.00 , and
6 % 0 or whole amount 60 X $3.00 or $ 180.00 .
7. Find the total cost of the following bill of lumber :

10pieces 2 in . z 4 in . x 12 ft ., at $25 per M.
8pieces 2 in . x 6 in . & 16 ft . , at $ 30 per M.
10pieces 1 in . & 12 in . x 24 ft ., at $30 per M.
6pieces } in . X 21 in . I 12 ft ., at $ 48 per M.
Solution :
10 X 2 X 13 X 12 X $ 25
$2.00
1000
8 X 2 X 42 X 16 X $30
= 3.84
1000
10 X 1 X 1 X 24 X $30
7.20
1000
6 X 1 X 524 X 12 X $48
.72
1000
Total cost = $ 13.76
8. A note for $840 , dated August 1 , 1912 , to run 9

months at 9 per cent , was discounted February 9 , 1913 , at
8 per cent . Find the bank discount and the proceeds.
Solution :
$840 x .07 $ 58.80 , Int . for 1 yr .
+ $58.80 = $44.10 , Int . for 9 mo .
$ 840 + $44.10 = $884.10 , Amount .
The term of discount , Feb. 9 to May 1 , is 80 days.
Discount on $884.10 for 60 days at 6 % $ 8.841

Discount on $ 884.10 for 20 days at 6 % 2.947
Discount on $884.10 for 80 days at 6 % = $ 11.788

Discount on $884.10 for 80 days at 2 % 3.929
Discount on $ 884.10 for 80 days at 8 % = $ 15.71
$ 884.10 – $ 15.71 $ 868.39 , Proceeds .
9. A can plow a field in 7 days, B in 6 days, and C in 5

days. After B has worked 3 days, A and C help him finish .
How long did it take all of them to finish it ?
Solution . - A can plow 14 of the field in 1 day , B , and
16.
All working together can plow

14
46
or
C +
+
. ,
,
,
working alone can plow 1

of
the field
in
107,210 day
B
,
,
1
be ,
1/2
B
in
days leaving
12
plowed
, %
Since and
or
to
in A
3
,
.
working together day

of
can plow 107210 the field

it C
1
,
all is ,
will take many
to
of as
as
days finish the work 107210
4
12
contained times 105/107 Therefore will take

in
or
it
,
day finish the field

to
three 105/107
a
.
10.
cylindrical cistern
of
How many barrels water will

a
12
feet diameter and feet deep hold

in
8
Using the formula volume right cylinder

of
Solution
—
a
,
.
and allowing 712 gal

a 11
equals
ft
cir and 3142

to
R2H
a
.
gal bbl we have

to
.,
.
gal
16
12
71
3.1416
X
Capacity gallong
=
in
311
143.61 gal
.
STATE OF KANSAS 33

( Answer ten . )
1. How do you conduct language lessons with pictures as
the subject ?
2. Describe a language lesson connected with nature study .
Ans. — The subject of “ Corn " might be made the basis
of a language lesson connected with nature study . pos If
sible , have samples of corn in different stages growth of
brought to school. Then , in the recitation period , develop
an outline for a composition on “ Corn , covering the fol
lowing topics :
I. Úse , value. For food , etc.
II
. Place Where Found ; and How Discovered . Native or
naturalized . Wild or cultivated varieties .
III
. General Appearance . Height , foliage , flowers, fruit .
Methods of propagating .
IV . Parts Used . Methods of gathering , collecting it ,
and of preparing it for final use .
3. What instruction would you give intermediate pupils
in the art of letter writing ?
Ans . - Instruct them as to the importance, position and
content of , ( 1 ) Heading ; ( 2 ) address ; ( 3 ) salutation ; ( 4)
body of letter ; ( 5 ) complimentary ending ; ( 6 ) writer's
signature .
4. Mark the sentence , “ The warm weather had made the .
ice thin . "
Ans . — This is a simple , declarative sentence . " The warm
weather ” is the complete subject, and “ had made the ice
is
thin the complete predicate Weather the simple

,
”
“
.
"
by
subject modified the adjectives the and warm

is
ice .
,
” is "
"
"
by
Had made the simple predicate modified

',
”,
a “
"
the objective case modfied by the

in
noun Ice
is
“
.
adjectives the and thin

, “
."
”
: “
Parse had made ice and thin the preceding sen

5.
in
,
tence
.
irregular transitive verb

an
Ans Had made Prin

.--
" is
It ,
"
"
cipal parts are make made the active voice

in
is
,
, “
,
"
."
past perfect
of
indicative mode and tense the third

It
is
.
its
person and singular number agree with subject

to
weather Ice common noun neuter gender third

is
a
in ,
,
.
“
"
'
'
and singular number the objective case

It
person
" is
,
,
.
of
object
is
the verb had made Thin descriptive

a
."
, “
It
adjective compared thin thinner thinnest

"
"
”,
,
“
.” .'
'
,
the positive degree and modifies the noun

6. in
ice
is
"
Analyze the sentence Every man's work shall

be
,
“
manifest
.
'
Ans . — This is a simple , declarative sent Every

man's work ” is the complete subject ; " shall be manifestº
is the complete predicate . “ Work ,” the simple subiect , is
modified by man's , ' a noun in the possessive case ;
" man's ” is modified by the adjective " every . Shall
be ?' is the predicate verb , and “ manifest ” is the predicate
adjective .
7. Parse : every , man's , shall be , and manifest in the
preceding sentence .
Ans.— “ Every ” is a distributive limiting adjective , and
modifes the noun " man's . " " Man's ” is a common noun .
It is of the masculine gender , third person , and singular
number . It is in the possessive case , and modifes the noun
" work . " “ Shall be ” is an irregular , intransitive verb .
Principal parts are " be " or " am , was ,19 " been . It
is in the indicative mode, future tense third person , and
singular number to agree with its subject " work . " Mani
fest ' ' is a descriptive adjective . Can not be compared and
modifies the noun " work . "
8. Write a sentence containing a relative pronoun . Parse
the pronoun .
Ans. The man who was hurt will recover . 66Who "
iş a relative pronoun . It is of the masculine gender , third
its
person , and singular number to agree with antecedent
the nominative case subject
in
man
It
of
is
the verb
,
.
was
.
of
Write composition not less than two hundred

9.
by
words upon subject selected yourself

a
. ,

.
10. Explain the difference between descriptive and
a
a
limiting adjective
in
Illustrate each sentences

.
.
Ans descriptive adjective one that describes an

is
A
-
.
by
object telling some quality that belongs like

to
it
“
.
red apples limiting adjective one that merely shows

is
A
, .”
many describing
on
which ones how

so
and without
,
.
go
What boy will for you

“
.”
an
11. Write and mark sentence containing adverb

a
clause
.
Ans.- flowers wll bloom when spring returns

The
a "
This complex declarative sentence The flowers

"
is
re '
.
the complete subject Will bloom when spring

is
"
.
turns the complete predicate Flowers the simple

is is
,"
" "
"
by .
subject modified by the adjective the will bloom

,
;
"
"
"
the simple predicate modified the adverb clause when

'"!, ofis
"
,
spring returns
its
which spring subject un

byis
, ”,
,
;
”
modified predicate
its
modified
is
returns the
;
“
conjunctive adverb swhen

."
"
STATE OF KANSAS 87

1. laell activity in the human body .
Ans . - AN'the work of the body is done by cells . They are
the agents ofreproduction , growth , repair , motion , absorp
* tion , secretion , sensation . In short , they are the units of life.
2. Name the nutrients that serve as fuel to yield energy
-
in the forms of heat and muscular power .
Ans . Fats , carbohydrates , proteins .
3. Is it ad . isable to drink while eating ? Give reasons for
your answer .
Ans. ( a) This depends upon what one drinks . the If
-
beverage is non intoxicating , there seems to be no objection
to drinking in moderation if
one does not use the beverage as
a vehicle to wash down the solid foods . ( b ) The water will
be mixed with the solid food during the time it is in the
stomach , and since water does not hinder the flow of gastric
juices , it makes no difference whether it precedes , accom
panies or follows the more solid foods .
4. State six ways of destroying bacteria .
Ans . - Drying , sunshine , starvation , freezing, chemical
agents , heat . The last two are the means commonly used by
man .
5. Discuss the mechanism and processes of salivary diges
tion .
to the
Ans.- ( a) Salivary glands — parotids submaxillaries

,
,
and sublinguals blood vessels supply these glands with
to —
to
blood nerves stimulate the secreting cells activity
;
.
The taste sight smell thought
or
of
food will cause the

b
,
(
)
carry nerve messages the glands stimulate the

to
to
to
nerves
gland cells make saliva This saliva poured out through
If
to
is
.
salivary ducts into the mouth cavity food being

is
.
chewed the saliva mixes with the food The ptyalin

in
the
.
saliva attacks the starch and splits up into grape sugar

it
This process continues for time the stomach until

in
,
a
e
.,
i.
the hydrochloric acid stops the starch splitting process

-
give
of
Name and
6.
cause three blood diseases

.
by
Ans Anemia too few red corpuscles caused

—
—
a
(
)
.
malarial fever germs and other unknown agents Leu

b
(
)
caused by
.
too many white corpuscles

an
—
kemia excessive
activity the spleen and lymph glands Purpura
of
a
c
(
)
-
by
spontaneous hemorrhage beneath the skin caused poisons

-
and bacterial infections

.
is
the normal temperature

7.
What the body

of
How
is
?
the temperature the body regulated

of
?
.
Ans Under the tongue about 9812

F.
However the
a
,
°
(
)
skin several degrees below this temperature and the liver

is
By
and working muscles several degrees above heat

.it
'(
)
generating nerve centers in brain and cord ; and by heat dis

sipating nerves — as the vaso dilators and vaso constrictors
controlling the caliber of blood vessels and the sweating
centers . These together with the blood vessels and sweat
glands cool the body by radiation , conduction and evapora .
tion .
8. Discuss the advantages of well -equipped , well - regulated
playgrounds . Do you consider them as necessary in the rural
communities as in cities ? Give reasons for your answer .
Ans . — Well -equipped , well -regulated playgrounds are de
sirable everywhere in that they furnish recreation and exer
cise out in the open . Cities need equipment more than rural
communities because fewer natural means of exercise are
available there , and regulation more than rural communities
because of crowded conditions in the cities .
9. State the function of ( a ) cerebrum ; ( 6 ) cerebellum ;
( c ) sympathetic system .
Ans . ( a) Physical basis for he activities of intellect ,
feeling , will and voluntary motion ; ( b ) center for co -ordi
nating muscular movements and of balancing ; ( c) to control
organs of digestion , circulation , respiration and secretion .
10. Discuss the use of opiates . Define narcotic .
Ans .-
( a ) Opiates are destructive to the nervous system
in that they unnaturally excite or depress it . This change
brings on an exaltation that is more or less pleasant , fol .
lowed by an uncomfortable depression . Harmful effects are
produced on other organs , e . g ., opium brings on a distress
ing state of constipation . They are ' habit -forming drugs , '
and all injurious unless used as medicines under the direc
tion of a physician . ( 6 ) Narcotics are poisons that deaden
pain and produce partial or complete anesthesia .
GEOGRAPHY .
1. Name and discuss the two aims in teaching geography .
Ans. There are half -a -dozen or more aims ; to create an
its
to
interest in the world and people learn how conditions

,
the customs and occupations peoples

of
to
determine show
;
of
how man has surmounted the difficulties geographical

conditions
.
detailed plan for the study local geography

of
2.
Outline
a
your school district

of of
the district plane and relief history

of
Ans map
,
A
A
.
.
,
the district giving population products and prevailing

,
industries prominent persons

of
Sketches
.
Show fully the part the pupils securing material

. of
3.
in
and developing your plan

in
all
The pupils can collect

—
Ans the material required

;
.
STATE OF KANSAS 89
can draw maps and write histories .

4. What effect has the European war had upon the vari
ous exports and imports of Kansas ?
Ans . — No great effect yet on the price of agricultural
products . As to minerals, the price of zinc and lead has
been greatly advanced . The importing of several chemicals
is difficult .
5. Enumerate the principal forces that shape the relief
features of the earth . Give illustration of the effect of each
.force named .
Ans . — Contraction forced the melted interior through the
Grust , upturning it in huge folds and destroying the horizon
tal position of the deposits. Earthquakes are factors too in
affecting the form of the surface . Illustrations can be
found everywhere ; in Utah , for instance .
6. Name two leading industries of the following states :
Kansas , Massachusetts , Montana , South Carolina , California .
cattle - raising .
(
Ans .— ( a ) Farming and stock raising . ( b ) Manufactur
ing and fishing . c ) Mining of copper , gold and silver ,
( d) Production of cotton and rice . ( e)
Gold mining ; production of fruit.
7. Trace a water route from New York to Shanghai ; from
Kansas City to Liverpool .
Ans . (a ) Across the Atlantic , through the Strait of
Gibraltar ; up the Mediterranean , through the Suez Canal ;
Arabian Sea , Indian Ocean ; Strait of Malacca , South China
of of Sea
Sea ; East China Down the Missouri and Missis

b
.
(
)
sippi Rivers Gulf Mexico Atlantic Ocean

;
a ;
Kansas locate thereon the five prin

.
map
8.
Sketch
;
cipal cities and account for their situation Locate five state
. .
institutions indicating the work

of
each
,
Ans Map for applicant Kansas City situated

at
—
,
a
.
of .
(
)
junction Kansas and Missouri Rivers Wichita

on
of
the
,
;
Arkansas River center great agricultural

; T.To
region
,
Kansas River capital

A.
of
F.on
peka
of
the state center

,
;
( ,
University
of
R.
R.
system Kansas Lawrence

S.
&
,
; )
.
State Agricultural College Manhattan Kansas State

;
Normal school Emporia Western Normal school Ilays

,
;
,
State Manual Normal Training school Pittsburg

,
What are the chief geographical conditions that

9.
a
(
)
make England nation Why Spain not

is
commercial
a
(b
?
manufacturing nation
a
its
.-
it
to
Ans centrally situated

It
relation
is
in
sources
a
(
)
all
production and supply has water routes leading

of
to
;
(
parts
of
the world Because lacks natural resources

it
6
.
)
.
10. Locate the following places and state for what noted
:
Petrograd Yellowstone Park Leavenworth Venice Stras

,
,
,
burg, Fujiyama , Samoa , Cambridge , Vera Cruz , Liege .

.-
St.
(a ) Formerly Petersburg capital
of
Ans Russia
.
In
of
Petrograd the Gulf
of
near the head Finland
is
b
.
(
)
Wyoming park
of
the northwest pleasure noted for
,
.
geyser springs and belonging the national government
onto
,
.
city
in
Kansas situated the Missouri River Fort
A
(c
,
)
.
Leavenworth and the federal prison are near the city
)d
(
.
Italy Famous for its
În
. (e of
the head the Adriatic
at
Sea
,
.
canals and history
on
In
Alsace the Rhine River
,
)
.
. .
its
Noted for cathedral mountain Japan
in
Celebrated
f
(
)
Islands the Pacific Ocean Robert Louis Stevenson
in
g
(
)
.
the islands the last years of his life
on
lived one of
h
)
(
.
Cambridge England the seat Cambridge University and
of
,
In
of
Cambridge Mass the seat Harvard University
,
.,
.
i()
part ofthe Gulf of Campeche
on
the southern Mexico
in .
its
Noted for connection with the war now progress
in
by
famous city Belgium taken the Ger
in
Mexico
A
(1
,
in .
mans the present war

.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
.
Answer ten
(
)
Explain the national method of taxation .
The state
1.
.
method Point out the difference
.
imports taxes
on
Ans Duties articles manufac on

a
on ;
(
)
.
the country stamps
on
tured documents tax incomes
in
.
Direct taxation The national government seldom levies
b
(
)
direct taxes
.
Give your reasons for the dissatisfaction with the pres

2.
legislation
of
ent method state Discuss the proposed

.
changes
.
Ans The dissatisfaction probably not greater than

is
.
has always been One change advocated reduce the

to
is
it
a .
representation
of or
fifteen members
to
dozen
.
Name the classes representatives foreign

3.
to
countries
.
Ans Ambassadors ministers and consuls

,
,
-
.
Name acquisitions territory

4.
of
the United States

to
giving the date and price

of
each
.
Ans Louisiana
,
1803 15.000,000 Florida 1819

,
, ,
$
$
5
;
,
; ,
.-
000,000 northern part Maire 1842 Tesas 1845 Ore

of
,
;
territory 15,000,000
of
gon 1846 New Mexico Gadsden

$
;
,
;
,
Purchase Mexico 10,000,000 Alaska 1867 7,200,000

$
$
;
, ;
,
Hawaiian Islands 1898 Samoan Islands 1898 Guam

;
;
,
Porto Rico and the Philippines 20,000,000 for the Phil

$
,
(
all
ippines by conquest
;
,
)
What bill of rights Do both the state and na

5
is
.
rights
of
tional constitutions contain bill

a
?
STATE OF KANSAS '91
Ans . — a) A guarantee of certain rights belonging to the

people as individuals . ( b) Yes .
6. What is meant by requisition of criminals ? Extra
dition ?
Ans . ( a ) An application to the governor of a state to
deliver to the authorities of the state making the request a
criminal . ( b ) This is the word used when the request to
deliver up a criminal is from one . nation to another .
7. Define treason . What is the punishment for treason ?
.-( a ) An attempt by one or more citizens to over
Ans
throw the government. ( b ) Death , fine or imprisonment.
8. Explain the postal system . Name the different classes
of post offices in your county .
Ans .- ( a ) The General Post Office and Postmaster Gen
eral are in Washington . From that centre post offices are
established wherever the Department thinks they may be
needed . ( b ) For the applicant .
9. When will the next regular session of Congress con
vene ? Is it the long or the short session ? What is likely
.
to be one of the foremost problems before the next Congress
for consideration ?
Ans ( a ) Congress convened on December 13 , 1915. ( b )
It is the long session . ( c ) “ Preparedness . ”
10. What recent change has been made in the president's
cabinet ? Who was appointed to fill the vacancy ? By whom
was he appointed ?
Ans.- Robert Lansing , New York , was appointed Secre
tary of State by President Wilson to fill the vacancy caused
by the resignation of William Jennings Bryan .
11. Name five federal institutions located in Kansas .
Locate each .
Ans. — The federal penitentiary at Leavenworth ; Fort
Leavenworth ; Fort Riley , near Junction City ; Soldiers ' .
Home , near Leavenworth ; Register of the Land Office ,
Topeka .
HISTORY OF KANSAS .
( Answer ten . )
1. Describe Pike's expedition through Kansas .
Ans . - It left Bellefontaine , a town near the mouth of the
Missouri River , on July 1806 , under the command of Lieut .
Zebulon Montgomery Pike , and went through the country
of the Osages on the Missouri and Kansas line , crossed the
Neosho , and went through by the Saline and Smoky Hill ,
and on September 25 , 1806 , reached the Pawnee village in
what is now Republic County . Here he lowered the Spanish
flag and hoisted the Stars and Stripes . From Pawnee he
went southward and went up the Arkansas valley to the

Rocky Mountains .
Ans . -It
2. Give a history of the Santa Fe trail.
began at Franklin , Missouri , but later , Inde
,
pendence , Mo. was made the eastern terminus . Thence it
led southwest to Council Grove ; thence to the center of the
arc of the Great Bend of the Arkansas ; thence one branch
followed the Arkansas River ; another branch bore south
west into New Mexico . The trail , in a smaller way , did the
work which is now done by the Atchison , Topeka & Santa
Fe Railroad .
3. What was the Kansas - Nebraska bill ? What was its
immediate effect on Kansas history ?
Ans . - It was passed on May 30 , 1854. It separated Kan
sas and Nebraska , and provided that the residents of each
territory should decide whether the state or states which
should be formed from the territory should be free or slave .
This act virtually repealed the Missouri Compromise . The
passage of the act led to a long struggle between the pro
slavery and free -state people in Kansas , in which the latter
won the victory .
4. Write a short biography of James H. Lane .
Ans . —He came to Lawrence , Kan ., from Indiana in 1855 .
He was in the Mexican and Civil War . He served as Lieu
tenant -Governor of Indiana , presidential elector , and mem
ber of Congress . He worked with the Free State party in
Kansas , and was president of the Topeka Constitutional Con
vention . In 1865 he was elected United States Senator .
On July 1 , 1866 , at Fort Leavenworth , he shot himself . He
survived ten days after the shooting .
5. Describe John Brown's connection with Kansas his .
tory .
Ans .— He , with his son and others , fought to make Kansas
a free state . He lived at Osawatomie , and made raids into
neighboring counties and into Missouri .
6. Describe pioneer life in Kansas .
Ans. — It was a hard , strenuous life . The privations were
many and the luxuries few . The home was humble , and it
was not easy to clothe and feed the family properly . But
, all
to
through difficulties the pioneer fought his way better

,
lay
to
conditions educated his children and helped founda

,
tions for the good we have today

of.
What were the provisions When

7.
the homestead law

?
of
on
was enacted What was its effect the settlement

it
the state
.- It
?
Ans gave title

to
settlers who held 160 acres

a
a
. (
)
five years Later soldiers were allowed deduct the term

to
,
STATE OF KANSAS 93
of their service . ( 6 ) On May 20 , 1862 , (c) It attracted

thousands of people who came to make homes for them .
selves .
8. ( a ) When was the prohibition amendment adopted ?
(6) When was the woman suffrage amendment adopted ?
Ans .— ( a) November, 1880. ( 6 November , 1914 . )
9. Discuse the development of the educational system of
Kansas .
Ans .— The pioneers laid the foundations , and successive
generations have expanded and strengthened the system
from the primary to the highest institutions .
10. Name ten people who have been prominent in Kansas
history .
Ans. - J. P.
St.
Charles Robinson , Samuel Crawford , John
Ingalls
K.
John John
B.
J.
Plumb Father
P.
J.
Hudson
,
,
,
Gailland Rev. Jotham Meeker D. Anthony Henry King
R.
,
,
.
11. When was Kansas admitted into the Union Give
?
year month and day
,
, .
,
January
29
Ans
—
1861
.
ENGLISH CLASSICS
.
State three purposes mind
in
in
teacher should have
1.
teaching classics
.
acquainted with the best

To
Ans
—
make the student

.
English literature
of
fix
to
the minds and memories

in
;
pupils ennobling thoughts give the pupils love for

to
a
;
in
the best literature

.
your getting pupil

of
to
Describe the
2.
method see the

relation between literature and life
.

.
.
to In
teaching classic how much importance

3.
do
you
,
a
the study
. of
it of
attach the life the author Give reasons

?
Ans great deal While true that the poetry

in
is
A
.-
Byron and Burns the student finds many noble

of
if
be
thoughts the good derived would greater

of
the lives
,
the writers were more harmony with the thoughts

in
is .
What previous experience

or
knowledge neces
4.
(a
)
sary for child's comprehension The Chambered Nau

of
.
“
( a
tilus heavenly message

of
What this
?
is
the
'
? '
”
)
poem
knowledge the structure of the shell and
of
Ans
A
(a
)
ofof
the growth of the nautilus and the several figures used

,
The growth the human being from

in
the poem
b
(
)
of.
one stage progress another each higher than the last

to
to .
Write briefly regarding Oliver Wendell Holmes

as
5.
life and work

.
Ans Born Cambridge Mass Aug.

29
He was
at
1809.
,
.,
,
-
.
the son of a Congregationalist minister . Oliver was edu

cated at Phillips Academy and Harvard College , and in
Paris , France . He was professor of anatomy at Dart
mouth , and in the Harvard Medical School . He wrote
many books , prose and poetry . His characteristics were
seriousness and humor delightfully mingled . He died in
Boston , October 7 , 1894 .
6. Outline your lesson plan for the study of " O Captain !
Ans .— For the applicant .
7. Contrast the patriotic lesson in the “ Gettysburg Ad .
dress " with that of “ The Man Without a Country . ”
Which will appeal the more to children ? Why ?
Ans. — The Gettysburg Address will appeal more to
children because of the patriotic Christian spirit which is in
every line , and of Lincoln's unwavering faith in the triumph
of right.
8. State your points of assignment for the first lesson on
“ The Shepherd of King Admetus ' ' or " A Christmas
Carol . ”
Ans.For the applicant .
9. eighth - grade classics , which one appeals to you
Of the
as having the largest possibilities for dramatization ? What
values would you expect to secure from the dramatizing the
-
'classic selected ?
10. Mention three difficulties you have encountered in
teaching classics . How have you overcome them ?
.--
ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE
.
Answer any ten

(
)
.
Why clay soil difficult till properly How may

to
1.
is
a
improved Explain why clay soils drain less freely

be
it
?
or
than loam sandy soils

.
—
Clay soils are difficult till because when wet they

to
Ans
.
are sticky and will bake badly and when dry they are hard
,
up
lumps They may improved by manure

be
and break
in
,
.
organic matter worked into them

of
their
or
sand Because
.
fineness of texture they resist gravity and do not allow the

water through them
do
or
as
free passage sandy

of
the loam
soils
2. .
Distinguish between concentrate and roughage

a
Why important that the farmer properly combine these

is
it
planning rations for live stock

in
Ans concentrate contains much nourishment and little

A
.
as
kafir roughage
is
waste such corn oats etc. coarser

a
,
planning his ration

In
as
food such fodder hay straw etc.

,
,
STATE OF KANSAS 95
the farmer may combine concentrates and roughage so that

stock will relish feed better and also attain the end for
which he is feeding .
3. Give directions for producing clean milk and keeping it
sweet . What is the advantage of the centrifugal separator
to the farmer ?
Ans .— The cow's sides and udder should be clean and the
milker's hands should be clean . The milk should be kept
cool . The centrifugal separator takes out the butter fat
and leaves the skim milk for feed . The advantage is in
saving time and in securing a better butter product .
-
4. Tell how and when to plant a young tree and how to
care for it the first season .
Ans . The hole in which the tree is to be set should be
large enough to receive the roots in their natural condition ,
and the bottom somewhat loosened . A tree should be planted
early before the bursting of the buds . During the first year
they require frequent cultivation .
5. What kind of soil should be selected for the garden ?
How should it be improved and cared for from year to year ?
-
Give reasons .
Ans . A light , sandy loam is preferable . The garden
should be kept free of weeds , well tilled and fertilizers ap
plied . Fall plowing is to be commended . The light , sandy
soil gets warın quicker and drains more freely . Fall plow
ing aerates the soil , releases plan't food , retains moisture ,
and destroys insects .
6. How would you attempt to control the work of the
codling moth ? Of the cabbage worm ? Of the Hessian fly ?
.
Ans — For codling moth , spray with lead arsenate solu
tion just after the blossoms fall
, repeated in about three
weeks and again in about seven weeks . For cabbage worm ,
see that all old cabbage stalks and rubbish are destroyed ,
and during the early growing season apply Paris green . For
fly
Hessian sow late and cultivate ground frequently dur

,
ing the summer season between crops

.
the nitrogen content

be
an old field
in
in
may
7.
How
creased Mention three ways briefly explain each
(
,
By
.)
by
Ans applying the commercial product growing

,
.-
leguminous plants and by inoculation The commercial

,
product proportions varying with

by on
placed
is
the soil
in
the crop to The leguminous plants which

be
benefitted
,
.
produce nitrogen root formation are alfalfa cowpeas

,
etc. Inoculation made by transferring soil from

is
clover
,
field rich nitrogen

is in
a
.
by
What hard winter wheat How does

8.
meant
it
?
differ milling quality from other wheats Why pre

in
it
is
?
ferred in most parts of Kansas ?

Ans .— The hard winter wheat has a very hard , smooth
grain . It is preferred by millers because it produces a
finer flour for bread -making purposes . Experience has
proven it to be better adapted to Kansas climate than other
wheats .
9. Distinguish between saccharine and non -saccharine sor
ghums. Give examples of each . In what way is each kind
of value to the farmer ?
Ans .— Saccharines have an abundance of sweet juice in
the stalks. Cane is a type . Non - saccharines have no sweet
juice in the stalk . Alfalfa is the most important . The
first is used for silage and the manufacture of syrup . The
second is raised more especially for the grain , which is used
for feed .
10.
How would you teach pupils agriculture about the
in
pollination and fertilization Why should farm
of
flowers
?
ers understand these processes
?
Ans — The pupils should
In , all
provided with be the parts
.
plant After learning about the roots stems branches

of
,
- a
,
.
leaf buds and leaves the flower the calyx

is
studied
,
.
and corolla are formed the stamens and pistil they alone
;
have the power Any ordinary flower will
of
reproduction
.
suffice for illustration On the top

of
the stamens are found

.
the anthers which contain the pollen dust The pistil rises .
from the very center certain time the pistil
of
the flower
at
a
,
breaks open and through this the pollen enters and passes
the ovary The seeds im
to
the little seeds held there

to
mediately begin
to
develop Farmers may improve their

.
crops this thoroughly understood

if
is
11. Descrbe the ideal beef animal How would you teach
in .
this subject
on
rural school
to
lesson class
a
Ans The ideal beef animal rapid

—
one which makes

is
a
.
growth matures early and when slaughtered the commercial

,
portion large compared with the offal Also the high

is
priced cuts meat exceeds the lower priced

of
MUSIC
.
How are tones represented

1.
By staff degrees lines and spaces

to of
Ans staff Note

,
.
-
.
be
heads point staff degrees representing tones sounded

,
call for tones

be
, to
so
and notes may said indicated

, ”
Note forms quarter note eighth note etc. indicate rela

,
-
(
)
-
tive duration of tones called for but notes apart from staff
degrees have nothing with pitch represenation
do
to
or .
Explain the accent art rhythm

in
2.
three measure
-p
syllable
.
STATE OF KANSAS 97
Ans. — The regular measure accent occurs on the beat num

bered " one " beats two and three being unaccented . These
accents group the beats into measures . The usual hand
motions in “ beating time ’’ are down for accented beat one ,
right and up for beats two and three ( some use down left
up ) . A system of time name syllables , sometimes employed
in the tonic -sol -fa system , is not in general use in this
country .
3. Give two names for the tone between the 6th and 7th
degrees of the scale .
six
Ans. - Numerals ( major scale , “ sharp and flat
“
sol syllables
?;
te
and
fa
seven
li
,
”
.
triplet
of in
Define and write one 2/4 measure
4.
.-
.
Ans triplet group three tones occurring
in
A
is
a
a
in or (
)
beat other measure portion where the prevailing move

a
ment even numbered tone groups Triplet notation em

is
.
-
ploys three notes

in
place
, of
of
two the same denomination
figure
. to or
or
marked with three slur connected note
,
a
stems sometimes all three show the triplet grouping
,
(
)
of
three notes the time two For the applicant

in
"
"
.
(
a )
What sign used for indicating more rapid tempo
5.
is
?
its
do
or
Ans The word accelerando
er
at
.—
tshel rahn
),
-
-
-
-
(
abbreviation accel
.
BRITISH HISTORY
.
Describe historical material

1.
Ans newspapers and anything else which will

—
Books
,
.
throw light upon the past Macaulay his history quoted

in
,
,
.
from posters handbills and circulars

.
,
by
Discuss the important changes brought about

2.
the
industrial revolution
.
-
Greater products
of
Ans factories more extended

.
a
;
standard among the working classes

of
commerce elevation
;
.
of
of
What were the causes and the results the war

3.
1812
between England and the United States
?
by
—
The taking British ships from Ameri

of
Ans seamen
.
the right
on
of
can merchantmen and the insistence search

.
The war left the question still unsettled

.
Describe the struggle for Irish home rule

..
4
.
-
Ans Ireland has been insisting Home Rule for

on
.
centuries Before the war now progress broke out Home

, in
,
.
Rule was granted by Parliament but the war suspended the

of
operation the Act

.
Trace England's relations with South Africa

5.
Shortly after the close the war Great Britain

of
Ans
.-
granted South Africa self government similar that which

to
-
now prevails General Botha formerly

in
Canada general
a
,
.
in the Boer army , is the prime minister of South Africa .

6. Discuss the humanitarian legislation in England in the
-
nineteenth century .
Ans . Slavery in all British colonies was abolished ; ther
suffrage was extended ; conditions in factories and on ships
were improved .
7. What were the conditions in English towns before the
municipal reform act of 1835 ? What were the provisions
of this act ?
Ans . — The municipal corporations were self -elected . The
act provided that the corporations should be elected by the
ratepayers ( taxpayers ).
8. What was Chartism ?
Ans . - It was a movement in England which lasted from
1838 to 1848. The reforms called for by the Chartists were
universal suffrage , the ballot , annual Parliaments , no prop
erty qualifications , payment for members of Parliament .
9. Describe the movement for univcrsal peace .
Ans . —Much has been done by organizations , Hague con
ventions and literature .
? 10.
What are England's chief contributions civiliza
to
tion
Ans Great Britain has established self governing colon
—
.
-
ies based upon
of
broad lines freedom Canada Australia in
, ,
South Africa and New Zealand and has through science
;
art literature political economy and invention contributed

,
,
greatly humanity
to
of
the elevation
.

.
Answer ten
(
)
.
Why year 1619 called the

notable year
in
1.
is
the
"
Virginian history ')

.-
?
Ans The IIouse the first representa

of
Burgesses
a
,
(
)
tive assembly that year The Lon

in
America met
in
6
.
(
as )
don company sent over hundred good women wives for

a
the planters Negro slavery was introduced

c
.
(
)
.
What was the Mayflower Compact

2.
".
?
'
'
Ans When the Pilgrims anchored off Cape Cod

a in
—
1607
.
they met
of
the Mayflower and drew up

in
the cabin com

pact They mutually pledged each other
to
live together
in
.
of
peace and harmony and agreed obey the laws their

to
,
own making yet acknowledged King James

as
their sov
,
by
The compact was signed the forty one heads

of
ereign
.
the families present

.
Who was Roger Williams What important theories

3.
did he advocate
?
Ans Roger Williams was minister Salem and man

in
a
a
,
-
.
'STATE OF KANSAS 99
of much natural ability . He held views contrary to many

Puritans . Ile declared that if a man did not wish to go to
church , or to pay taxes to support ministers or churches , he
should not be compelled to do so. lle also held that every
nan had a right to worship God according to his own con
..science , and that the state should not control the church .
He asserted further that the soil of America belonged to the
Indians, and the king had no right to sell or give it away
without paying for it . On account of these opinions Wil
liams was exiled to England . However , he escaped arrest,
fled into the wilderness , and founded the colony of Rhode
Island .
4. Discuss the Louisiana Purchase from the standpoints of
·motive , area of territory , price , constitutionality , and the
wisdom of the investment .
Ans . - The motive was to secure a commercial base near
the mouth of the Mississippi River , and to prevent France or
England from holding possession of the land. It was pur
chased for $ 15,000,000 and the area of the United States was
doubled . Under the theory of the implied powers of Con
gress , the purchase was constitutional . According to the
strict constructionists the purchase was entirely without
warrant of the constitution . Jefferson himself remarked ,
“ The less we say about the constitutionality of the purchase
the better . " The wisdom of the investment is unimpeach
able .
5. ( a ) What were the earliest political parties in America ?
(b) What were the principal theories advocated by each !
( c ) Name two leaders in each .
Ans .— The Federalists and the anti -Federalists or Demo
cratic Republican . The Federalists believed that the con
stitution should be loosely construed ; that the government
should be centralized and controlled by the upper classes ;
and that Congress had the right to exercise implied powers.
Leaders were Washington , Ilamilton , and John Adams. The
anti - Federalists believed that the constitution should be
strictly construed ; denied the existence of implied powers ;
opposed a centralized government ; and declared that the
common people could be trusted to govern well . Leaders
were Jefferson , Madison , and Monroe .
6. What was the Ordinance of 1787 ?
Ans .— The Ordinance of 1787 provided for the organizing
of the Northwest Territory , including what are now the
states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois, Michigan , Wisconsin and
part of Minnesota . The ordinance provided for a system of
government, prohibited slavery in the territory , made liberal
grants for education , abolished property or religious quali
fication for voters and allowed a delegate in Congress . It

further provided for the division of the territory into three
parts , each of which was to be admitted as a state when the
population reached 60,000 . This ordinance became the
model upon which all the territories of the United States
were organized .
7. Mention the arguments for and against a protective
tariff .
Ans . - For : To obtain money to meet expenses of the
government and pay off the national debt ; to protect home
industries , such as the manufacturing and agricultural inter
ests of the country , and thus secure a better home market
for home products and thereby increase home production ;
higher wages will be paid employes in industries that are
protected . Against : Prices are raised ; only those who pro
duce the articles protected are benefited ; trusts are created ;
capital becomes oppressive ; employes do not get an ade
quate increase in wages ; therefore a tariff should be levied
for revenue only and on such articles as are used by the
wealthier classes .
8. Who was Frances E. Willard ?
Ans . - An American reformer born September 28, 1828 .
From 1879 until her death , February 18, 1898 , she was
president of the National Woman's Christian Temperance
Union . She was an active advocate of woman's suffrage
and at different times was editor of periodicals published
to support her reform ideas .
9. Discuss the value of biography in teaching history .
Ans . — The study of individuals always increases the in
terest in the study of groups of men . It brings into better
view the field of their actions or deeds . llence by study of
the biography of the prominent men of history one gets the
story of man's more serious and valuable experiences in the
most important spheres of his activities . What the race
has accomplished in politics , war , religion, art, industrial
achievement , education , scientific discovery and moral en
deavor is set forth with clearness . Comparisons are made ,
the judgment is exercised and the imagination stimulated .
Examples of patriotism , courage , fortitude , and morality
are emulated .
10. Name ten American authors .
Ans . — Irving , Ilawthorne , Cooper , Poe , Motley , Bancroft ,
Prescott , Stowe, Holmes , Fiske .
11. Who were ( a ) the Puritans ? ( b ) the Separatists ? ( c )
the Pilgrims ?
Ans. In the Church of England was a body of men who
were called Puritans because they desired to purify the
STATE OF KANSAS 101
church . Some of these separated from the national church

and established a church of their own . These were called
Separatists . " The Pilgrims were Separatists who found
it necessary , on account of the opposition to the king , to
leave England .
12. What has been a subject of controversy between Ger
many and America for some months ?
Ans . — The sinking of the steamships “ Lusitania " and
the “ Arabic ” by the German submarines. The United
States insisted that before passenger ships are sunk the ships
should be searched for contraband of war and all passen
gers should be given an opportunity to leave . Germany
yielded to the demands of the United States and agreed to
pay an indemnity .
SPELLING .
1. recommend height expense
allege
7 necessary salary
decision region incentives
receipt circular preliminary
committee February testimony
separate proceed preferring
reference concern
(
One point for each word spelled correctly .)
2. What three advantages arising from correct spelling
would you mention to a child as inducements to learn to
spell ?
Ans. An evidence of a good education ; opportunities for
employment greater ; one is not mortified by the inability
to spell .
3. Describe four methods of recitation that you would
use in spelling classes . State the especial value of each .
Ans . — Oral ; it
brings in pronunciation ; written ; the
word is associated with the written characters and is easier
to remember ; words selected from the reading lessons and
from miscellaneous reading are associated in the memory
with the text ; spelling contests bring in the inducement
to win .
4. Illustrate digraph , diphthong , trigraph , tripthong .
Ans.— ( a ) th in bath ; ( b ) oi in
oil
in
eau beau
;
;
c
(
)
oya loyal
in
d
.
(
5. )
Mark diacritically the words used

as
illustrations
in
question four
.
See the dictionary spelling book

or
Ans
.
study
of
Discuss the values that come from

6.
formal
a
orthography which may not gained spelling

be
in
.
'
Ans . - A discussion of principles is always valuable . The

rules too greatly help the student .
7. Select five root -words and form two derivatives from
each one , illustrating prefix and suffix . Show how the mean
ing is affected by the changes .
Ans. - Root , plant ; derivate, planting , the act of plant
ing . Re -plant , the act of planting again . Part - ly, in part ;
depart , to set out or go from . Act -or, one who acts ; re-act,
to act back . Let - ting , allowing ; sub -
let
to
let under Emo
of.
nently an manner pre eminent high form
. in
eminent
,
,
-
eminence
State and illustrate four rules for spelling
in
the order
8.
importance
of
In.
.-
monosyllables ending the final
or
Ans
a in
,
)1
s,
(
f.
l
by
letter doubled when preceded single vowel
is
2
(
)
.
When suffixes beginning with vowel are added silent final
,
dropped
be
must Silent final retained when
is
(
e
e
a 3
)
.
beginning
In
suffixes with consonant are added
a
4
is (
)
y .
by
word ending preceded consonant the changed
in
y
a
,
,
into
i.
READING
.
How early should pupils taught spell the words
of
be
to
1.
the reading lesson How does spelling help the primary

to ?
pupil learning read

?
The spelling should taught with the read

.-
be
Ans
a
) (
)
of
ing
of
The sounds letters and combinations letters
6
in (
.
help pronunciation
.
study study
of
of
How late should the
in
2.
the course
.
spelling
be
continued connection with reading How does

in
reading help the older pupils learning spell

in
to
profit until the eighth

be
It
Ans can continued with

b a
)
( (
of
grade The arrangement letters associated with

is
)
.
every
of
the form word read

.
be
What are three devices which may employed

in
3.
primary class reading which are not suitable the upper

in
in
grades
?
Objects pictures and the writing

of
Ans various kinds

. ;
.
of words on blackboard and slates

Specify three particulars which the study reading
of
4.
in
differs from the study

of
classics
.
Ans the reader reads for the thought

In
the classics
.
the study reading accent emphasis pronuncia

of
in
alone
;
of ,
be ,
-
tion brief the mechanics reading must

in
learned
,
How may reading geo

be
correlated with history

5.
graphy grammar
?
?
STATE OF KANSAS 103
-
Ans . Every recitation can be incidentally made a lesson
in reading .
6. How may the members of a reading class learn from
each other ?
Ans .— The dull children can learn from the bright ones
in classes and out of them .
7. In what respects is oral reading a mental exercise ?
In what respects is it physical ?
Ans. It is mental in that thought is absorbed from the
book ; and physical in that the vocal organs are exercised
and trained .
8.10 . In connection with the following selection prepare
( a ) five directions to the pupils for study ; ( b ) five sugges
tions to the teacher for conducting the recitation ; ( c) five
questions on the subject matter other than on the definition
or meaning of words.
SEPTEMBER .
The goldenrod is yellow ;
The corn is turning brown ;
The trees in apple orchards
With fruit are bending down .
The gentian's bluest fringes

Are curling in the sun ;
In dusky pods the milkweed
Its hidden silk has spun .
The sedges flaunt their harvest

In every meadow -nook ;
And asters by the brookside
Make asters in the brook .
From dewy lanes at morning

The grapes ' sweet odors rise ;
At noon the roads all flutter
With yellow butterflies .
By all these lovely tokens

September days are here ,
With summer's best of weather ,
And autumn's best of cheer .
-Helen Hunt Jackson .
weather ; autumn flowers ;
Ans . (a ) Describe September
describe the gentian , milkweed , aster , goldenrod . (
about the author ; the titles of some of her books ; where
b) Tell
can pictures like that described be seen ? Cheyenne Canon ;

how to read the selection ; commit it to memory . ( c ) What
is meant by the figure in the first line of the third stanza !

the last two lines in the same stanza ? what kind of poetry is
this ? Name and give illustrations of other kinds ; what
words should be emphasized ?
WRITING .
1. Discuss position in writing .
Ans . — Body erect ; feet upon the floor ; arms on desk ,
resting them from elbows to hands ; eyes , proper distance
from the paper .
2. ( a ) Make a line each of the compact oval , the push .
and -pulí exercise , and retraced ovals two spaces high . ( 6 )
Make a line each of the same exercises one space high .
Ans .—For the applicant .
3. Of what value is counting in the writing class ?
Ans . - It secures harmony of movement and the proper
rate of speed .
4. Discuss the teaching of writing in the grade in which
you expect to teach .
5. Write a short business letter .
STATE OF KANSAS 105
PHYSICS .
1. Define force , power , work , and energy , and give at least
two units in measuring each .
Ans .- ( a ) Any action between two bodies which changes ,
or tends to change , their relative condition as to rest or
motion . ( 6 ) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted
or mechanical work performed , as sixty horsepower . ( c )
When a body is moved by the action of force upon it, the
force is said to do work . Units : The foot pound and the
erg . ( d ) Capacity for performing work . Units : The same
as in work .
2. Where on the earth's surface will a body weigh the
most ? Tell why . Explain the difference between uniform
motion and uniformly accelerated motion .
Ans.- ( a ) At the poles . Because the body is brought
nearer the center of attraction and there is no centrifugal
force at those points . ( 6 ) When a body in motion moves
over equal distances in successive intervals of time , the
motion is uniform ; when the motion is accelerated in a con
stant manner , it is uniformly accelerated .
3.If water weighs eight pounds to the gallon , how much
work is done in raising 1,000 gallons 50 feet ? Also , what
horsepower is required if the work is done in 10 minutes ?
400,000
Ans . —8X50X1,000 400,000 foot pounds .
10 X 3,300
1733 horsepower .
4. What determines the pitch of sounds ? also , what de
termines the quality of sounds ? Illustrate ways of chang .
ing both .
Ans.- ( a ) The rate of vibration depending on the length ,
the tension , and the size of the string . When a sound of the
same pitch as on the tonometer is produced upon a piano , an
organ and upon a flute , the sounds differ in quality . By
changing the length , size and tension of
the vibrating string .
5. Make a drawing to show how the rays of light are re
fracted as they pass from air into and out of a slab of glass
the sides of which are parallel.
6. Under what conditions would you be sure the tempera
ture of ice was 0 ° ? Could it be less ? Under what condi
tions would the temperature of steam be 100 ° ? Could it be
more or less than 100 ° ?
Ans . - Place a centigrade thermometer in melting ice and
allow it to stand until the surface of the mercury becomes
stationary , and a mark is made upon the stem at that point ,
and indicates the freezing point or zero . Yes . Place a
centigrade thermometer in steam rising from boiling water ,

so that all but the very top of the column is in the steam .
The mercury rises in the stem until its temperature becomes
the same as that of the steam , when it again becomes station
ary , and another mark is placed upon the stem to indicate
the boiling point or 100 degrees , under a barometric pres
sure of 76 centimeters . Yes .
7. What is magnetism and what practical uses do we make
of it ? How can you tell the north pole from the south pole
.
of a magnet ?
Ans ( a ) The science of magnetic phenomena .
used in the compass in navigation . The north - seeking pole
is It
in the usual experiments .
8. Explain a simple way of developing a current of elec
tricity and name two effects one may obtain from it . Name
five ways electricity is used in the home .
Ans .-
( a ) By connecting a zinc and a copper plate in sul
phuric acid . Bars are magnetized , and messages
are
sent by
wires Lighting telephoning heating ringing bells
,
b
,
,
,
(
)
.
burglar alarms
.
electricity
of - of
9.
Name and define the units How elec
is
.
tricity sold How does the Watt meter measure electricity
?
?
—
Ans The ampere the unit current The volt the

is
ofis
.
a .
electrical pressure required maintain current
ofto
one
ampere against resistance one ohm The ohm the
is
a
by.
resistance Electricity
of
unit sold the kilowat hour

is
.
.
The Watt meter an instrument which measures the
is
-
amperes sent through the current

.
10. Explain the difference between direct and alternating

currents and state which you wo want for electroplating
or ,
which for electromagnet and which for electric lights
,
heating devices Give reasons

.
Ans direct current obtained from dynamo the

to is
a
A
,
of.-
coils which are coupled the commutator An alternat

.
by
ing current coupling the coils

to
one obtained copper

is
wires rings with commutator The direct best for

in
is
a
,
is .
electroplating The alternating preferable for electric

.
lights and heating because the alternating creates much

a
higher
F.
as
cheaper
. E.
M. than the direct and has less

it
is
,
line loss

.
of
What the relation environment sensory devel

1.
is
in to
opment Describe some application

of
this education
—?
Ans The senses must be an alert condition and

in
a in
.
order that they may they must kept free from

. be
be
so
depressing environment Hence the senses must not be

STATE OF KANSAS 107
overworked ; they suffer , too , fromnervousness , and this leads

to abnormal activity . In brief, the senses ,in order that
perception may work freely , must be in a healthful con
dition .
2. Is it desirable that pupils should have complete free
dom to look out of the window during school hours ? What ,
if any , is the reason for restraint .
Ans.—No. The attention is diverted from study . In
some schools the windows are placed so high the pupils can
not look out , but a more excellent way would be to train
the children in habits of self -control .
3. What is the difference between sensation and percep
tion ? Give an illustration to show what is meant by each .
Ans . — The answer to this may be found in Answer i . The
impression must be so strong that attention is at once ob
tained . When the child examines an object through his
senses , he forms a judgment concerning it , and expresses it
as , “ This water is hot. "
4. Why is it difficult or impossible to learn intelligently
matter that is entirely new to the learner ? What applica
tion of this should be made in teaching ?
Ans . — Because it is not related to anything he has already
been taught . Teaching must be done in a logical manner
by relating the unknown to what is already known .
5. What means does the school program afford for train
ing the memory ? the imagination ? the reasoning power ?
Should such training be definitely attempted or should it
-
be wholly incidental ?
Ans . All named can be trained incidentally , or can be
trained in a definite manner .
6. Is a knowledge of the laws of the mental processes
more necessary for the teacher or for the pupil ? State some
principle of mental activity the knowledge of which will
help the teacher , and one the knowledge of which will help
the pupil .
Ans . ( a ) To the teacher . ( b ) Steps in the aquiring of
knowledge
be related to the one before it . (
must be arranged logically and each step must
c) The power of concen
tration on one subject to the exclusion of others .
7. In the government of a school what measures may be
employed to prevent these disorders : whispering , idleness ,
.
rudeness on the playground , slovenliness in dress or manner ,
lack of courtesy .
Ans ( a ) Deprival of privileges after warning . ( b ) The
same . ( c ) After talking to the transgressor as to the un
manliness of rudeness , he should , if he does not reform , be
deprived of privileges . ( d) Private talks showing the value
of neat habits in business and society . The same. Direct

attention to the golden rule .
8. Why should definite directions be given for the prep
aration of lessons ?
Ans. — So that there may be economy of time and effort
in studying
9. row may a pupil secure a common - school diploma ? Of
what advantage is such a diploma to the holder ?
Ans . - By going through the common school course with
credit . The diploma stimulates the pupil to further effort
in acquiring knowledge. It is a measure of his advance .
10 . What are five elements which in your judgment
should belong to a standard rural school ?
Ans The best teaching comfortable well quipped
.--
a
;
-e
school room good library the best text books obtain
a
;
;
-
able well arranged and beautiful playgrounds
;
.
.
Answer ten
is (
)
.
Explain what that causes the varying heights
of
1.
it
of
the tides and the phases the moon

Ans The moon .
to
the heavenly bodies
of
—
the nearest
is
.
as
the ocean are mobile they

of
the earth and the waters

,
,
readily yield The
the attractive influence of
to
the moon
of
.
parts the waters nearest the moon are drawn out
to
towards the moon but those parts which are
90
degrees
,
of
distant from the direct influence the moon recede and

there are low tides
.
The difference between the quatorial and polar

2.
of
27
diameter the earth miles Give the supposed reasons

is
for this difference

.
Ans centrifugal motion The flattening of

to
due
It
is
.
of .
revolving body occurs

at
the places least motion

a
Suppose start from place one degree

to
3.
man were
a
the equator and travel degree south and then

of
north
a
a
he
degree east How far would travel

?
.
Ans One hundred and thirty eight and one third miles
.
-
Discuss the theories concerning light What

is
the
4.
light per second

of
speed
?
by
The wave theory

is
Ans that space occupied

—
is
a
.
medium called the luminiferous ether and that certain

,
bodies have the power

in
motion
in
to
set the ether waves

given rapidity
of
which have motion and these waves are

a
light Rapidity 186,320

in
vacuum
,
a
.
.
5.
your community local transported

or
Is
the soil
in
?
of
What determines the value soil

a
Ans For the applicant Elements plant needs

6
a
,
(
)
(
)
.
.
STATE OF KANSAS 109
mellowness , drainage and power to hold moisture , determine

the value of soil .
6. Explain the causes and effects of the heating and cool
ing of the air .
Ans . — The causes for the heating of air is due largely to
its
density The air near the earth's surface more dense
is
a.
greater altitude therefore warms readily The
at
than
it
,
by
.
heat rays coming from the sun are some way affected
in
of
the reflection the ground and the air therefore warmest
is
near the ground
.
Define coronas halo mirage aurora borealis isotherms

7.
,
,
,
, ,
isobars anemometer monsoons ,

doldrums tornado
,
,
— ,
.
rings small diameter surrounding the
of
Ans Coronas are
or .
ring large diameter around the
of
AA
sun moon halo

is
a
. .
sun or moon mirage image due rays an light
of
is
to
refracted and reflected passing through layers atmosphere
of
,
density The aurora borealis

of
an
different electrical
is
.
phenomenon thin air Isotherms are lines drawn through

in
places of the same temperature Isobars are lines passing

.
through places equal barometric pressure

of
Anemometer
.
measure wind velocity
an
instrument Monsoons are

to
is
.
seasonal winds blowing inland six months and seaward
,
six months Doldrums are places near the heat equator

.
rising Tornadoes are whirling

air
where the heated

is
of .
a its
storms caused by outside air rushing
an
to
indraft
center The air from the center rushes upward causing
,
.
suction of tremendous force

.
How are plants and animals mutually helpful

to
8.
each
other
. ?
Ans Animals secure energy from plants while plants

—
secure carbon dioxide from animals thus they are mutually

,
helpful
.
of a ? of
Describe some the best Icnown ocean currents What

9.
of these
is
the cause
warm stream flowing northeast from
—
Ans Gulf stream

;
.
the southeast coast North America Japan current cor

.
responds with the Gulf stream and flows northeast from the
,
of
southern coast Asia Labrador current cold stream

a
,
.
flowing south from the coast

of
Labrador Humboldt cur

.
cold stream flowing northward off the west coast

of
rent
a
,
South America These currents are caused by the unequal

.
heating Both of these currents

of
of
the waters the ocean

.
come from warmer climates and flow toward cooler climate
-
a
? .
10. How have coast conditions influenced their inhabitants

Ans Coast conditions determine the location of cities of
.
fishing importance
of
commercial value cities and towns

,
oc
go
far toward determining the

of
and the presence these

cupation of the inhabitants .

11. Name the four great rivers of the United States .
Which one has a delta ? Describe how a delta is formed .
Ans. - Mississippi ,
St.
Lawrence Columbia and Colorado
. .
The Mississippi River has
of
delta delta the result
is
a
itsa
.
entering quiet body
of
river water The river deposits
.
load of
silt and land built up
is
.
12. How are glaciers formed Where are they found What
?
do they
(a do
) ?
weight pressing
of
Ans The the huge snow fields the
.
mass slowly down the slopes valleys squeezes out the pure
of
'
part of the glacier
of
air and the lower becomes mass
a
,
Many
ice
pure Switzerland Alaska Greenland
,
b
(c
.
(
)
)
.
origin glaciers
as
rivers have their the Ganges the Rhone
in
,
,
the Rhine
.
..
1371.13
KBC
VOS
No. 23
County
Examination
?
Questions
With Answers .
STATE OF KANSAS .
1915
.
I !
STR .
"...
UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
-URBANA
30
3 0112 070922213
COS
EXAL
QUES
19

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County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to

October, 1901 ; with answers.

Public Domain, Google-digitized

We have determined this work to be in the public domain,

Western school iournali

January, 1914 , to October , 1914

6 EXAMINATION January ... .1-37

READING .22 109 150 184 214

ORTHOGRAPHY .21 148 179 216

PENMANSHIP .33 117 149 188 215

PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE 142 177 203

CIVIL GOVERNMENT .17 128 167 205

HISTORY OF KANSAS 132 166 210

ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE .27 52 108 145 179 202

ENGLISH LITERATURE .34 149 183 213

MODERN HISTORY 48 90 129 172 219

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF

TEACHING .30 105 143 181 211

MUSIC .33 54 117 152 187 216

.11 113 136 163 207

BOOKKEEPING 100 138 169 196

.24 115 141 176 221

ELEMENTARY SCIENCE PHYSICAL

GEOGRAPHY .29 135 174 200

ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BOTANY 146 186 220

January 30-31 , 1914

plane they are perpendicular each

The greatest common divisor more numbers or

Write the table for square measure

square feet square yard

? 301 square yards square rod

160 square rods acre

man deposited money

some the bank

per cent per cent

drew out the amount then the

there then remained 809.20 What was the deposit

100 money money

deposit first withdrawal

money deposit second withdrawal

20.4 money deposit

Therefore 47.6 deposit

deposit 809.20 .476 1700

Therefore each would receive $ 14.70 if the sum were

with sign changed the minuend Like signs

multiplicand and multiplier give positive product Un

like signs give negative product Like signs divi

dend and divisor give positive quotient Unlike signs give

Simplify the following expressions

7m44 37—2 5m— 39—2

Perform the operations indicated

94—7a2b 8ab2—11a3b a22—50x2 703—23

15.04 7.08 15x2 3x2

( 1) ( a47026-8ab2-11038 ) 024—50x2X( + 703_38 )

Then = its fifth part

And = eighth part

Therefore the number

Explain two methods solving simultaneous equations

containing two unknown quantities

Ans Solve each equation

Equate these values and solve resulting equation for

either equation giving

Substitute value for