First Masterclass 2015 Keypdf

Unit 1 Appearance and identity
Introduction page 9 4
KEY KEY
1 Students’ own answers. In both sentences there is no necessity to hurry because
there is plenty of time; but in sentence a the speaker knew
2 there was plenty of time so did not hurry, whereas in
Underline: cheeky, confident, easy-going, moody, shy sentence b the speaker hurried but later found it had
Circle: rather, very, quite, really, fairly not been necessary to hurry because there had been
3 & 4 Students’ own answers. plenty of time.
a There was plenty of time so I didn’t need to hurry (and I
didn’t).
Listening Part 1 page 10
b There was plenty of time so we needn’t have hurried
(but we did).
Think ahead 5
1
KEY
KEY 1 both possible 7 must
a in b of / about c of d about; to e to 2 needn’t 8 should
3 mustn’t 9 must
Multiple choice 4 both possible 10 need to
2 5 should 11 will have to
6 both possible 12 had to
KEY
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A
Over to you
Over to you 6 & 7 Students’ own answers.
3 Students’ own answers.
Reading and Use of English
Grammar (1) page 11 Part 5 page 12
Modal verbs of obligation Think ahead
1 2
KEY KEY
a 3 b 2 c 4 d 1 e 6 f 7 g 5 a Mr Bond wasn’t a fraudster; he was the victim of
identity theft.
2 b Identity crime is increasing.
KEY
a I’ll have to Exam practice: Multiple choice
d You’ll have to (Note: Must can refer to the present or 3
the future so it is not absolutely necessary to change
answer d to represent the future.) KEY
e You won’t have to 1 C: they are fraudsters who prey on people’s good nature
2 D: Away from people who knew him, Mr Bond’s
3 reputation was based solely on the contents of a
police file.
KEY
3 D: all an unscrupulous thief needs to start using
a Different: First option means there is no obligation – it’s
a person’s name is a few snippets of
a matter of choice. Second option is a prohibition –
information
dressing up is not allowed.
4 C: It has been claimed that ‘bin diving’ is a common way
b Same meaning: There is no obligation, it is not
for thieves to get information. In an extensive survey, a
necessary.
credit checking agency examined the contents of 400
c Slightly different: First option is personal – the speaker
rubbish bins.
thinks this. Second option is external – someone else
5 B: All it takes is one dishonest employee and people
thinks this.
can say goodbye to their hard-earned cash.
6 D
First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 1 Answer Key Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 1
Word building 6
4 KEY
a Every day / Every so often / Most weekends / Occasionally
KEY
/ Sometimes / Twice a week / Usually, I wear bright
a unqualified b finance c fraudulent d retirement
clothes. I never / occasionally / often / rarely / sometimes
e impersonator f thief g immigrants h organization / usually wear bright clothes.
I wear bright clothes every day / every so often / most
Over to you weekends / occasionally / sometimes / twice a week.
5 Students’ own answers. b At present / At the moment / Currently / Now / This
week / Today, I’m wearing bright clothes.
I’m wearing bright clothes at present / at the moment
Grammar (2) page 14
/ currently / now / this week / today.
Present tenses Over to you

1 7 Students’ own answers.
KEY
a are shopping b is booming c buy, sell
d contain e use Reading and Use of English
2
Part 1 page 15
KEY Exam skills
a a, b (present continuous) 1
b c, e (present simple)
c d (present simple) KEY
noun + noun
3 verb + noun
verb + preposition
KEY
adverb + verb
a 1 ‘I live in Madrid.’ This suggests the speaker thinks
of this as being a permanent situation. 2
2 ‘I’m living in Madrid.’ This suggests the speaker thinks
of this as being a temporary situation. KEY
b 1 ‘Shh! Can’t you see I’m watching the news?’ This Act suspiciously; conceal your true identity; confidential
is happening at the moment of speaking. The information; judge somebody by their appearance; peer
Shh! emphasizes that this is a current action. pressure
2 ‘These days I’m watching a lot of documentaries.’ This The words close, cover, friend, perform and rank from list A
refers to an ongoing, temporary action happening do not combine with any words in list B.
‘around now’.
c 1 ‘They always forget my name.’ This is a statement of fact Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze
relating to a routine occurrence. 3
2 ‘They’re always forgetting my name.’ The use of the
KEY
continuous form shows that the routine occurrence
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C
happens too often. It may imply that the speaker is
annoyed.
4
Vocabulary page 16
KEY Parts of the body

a I have 1
b She understands
c What exactly do you mean? KEY
e I believe A forehead B eye C cheek D mouth E chin
F neck G knee H shin I ankle J toes K shoulder
Adverbs L elbow M chest N fingers O wrist P palm
Q stomach R waist S hip T thigh U calf
5 2
KEY KEY
Present simple: every day; every so often; most weekends; a shoulders b toe c palms d wrist e knees
never; occasionally; often; rarely; sometimes; twice a week; f elbows, head
usually; today
Present continuous: at present; at the moment; currently;
now; this week; today
Seeing verbs 8
3
KEY
KEY The words are stressed because they are the most
a looks, staring b watching c Look d notice important words in the replies. Note that the stress falls on
e gazed f see the syllable in the word which is normally stressed, not the
whole word – e.g. CA-su-al.
Speaking Part 1 page 17

Writing Part 1 – Essay page 18
Think ahead
Think ahead
1
1
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Clothes: Do you like to dress up for special occasions? a A uniform allows others to see what each of
What kind of clothes do you feel most comfortable in? these people does.
How important are clothes to you? Police officer: to show rank and instil respect /
Education: What are you studying? Where do you study? fear Nurse: for protection and also to help
What was your favourite subject at school? patients to recognize them
Family and friends: Do you have brothers and sisters? Airline pilot: to instil confidence in passengers
What do you enjoy doing with your family? When do Traffic warden: to justify him / her looking at vehicles
you spend time with friends? Fast food worker: for protection and so that customers
Free time: How often do you go to the cinema? What was know who to talk to if they need something
the last film you saw? What sort of music do you enjoy Postman: so that people recognize who the person is
listening to? when they open their door.
Work: What do you do? Where do you work? What do you b A uniform gives people status and ensures that their
enjoy about your job? function is recognized by the public and their peers.
2 & 3 Students’ own answers. Some people may enjoy wearing a uniform
4 because they feel it makes them look good / smart
and invests them with a certain authority. People
SUGGESTED ANSWER may show more respect to somebody wearing a
The first candidate, George, gave better answers. He gave uniform. Wearing a uniform can also give people a
fuller, more detailed answers than the second candidate, sense of belonging and of pride in being part of an
Adriana, who gave very short answers. For example, organization.
compare the following answer to the examiner’s question:
Where are you from? Exam skills
George: I’m from Patras – it’s a fairly large town in the south
west of Greece. 2
Adriana: I’m from Granada.
KEY
5 a This piece of writing is an essay, so the students are
writing for a general audience and should employ
KEY a relatively formal and neutral tone.
a fairly large e Actually, completely, rather b In this type of essay question – sometimes known
b quite a lot, but, very, so f but now as a ‘for’ and ‘against’ essay, it’s important that
c very well g sometimes students address both sides of the argument, not
d but, close just the side they agree with. The essay should
6 include an introduction, followed by the
arguments for and
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a I feel most comfortable in a T-shirt, jeans and against the wearing of uniforms in different jobs, giving
trainers for most of the things I like doing, but I reasons in each case. It should end with a conclusion
prefer to wear smart clothes for special occasions. in which the writer can give their own opinion.
b Yes, there are, for example if I go to parties or if it’s
3
a special family occasion.
c Last weekend – we had a big family celebration for KEY
my father’s fiftieth birthday. A Quite interesting, but not appropriate as an
introduction – an introduction introduces the key
Sentence stress ideas to be discussed in the body of the essay and
does not go straight into details on a particular
7
point, as this answer does. This would be better as a
KEY paragraph in the body of the essay.
a cinema b years c swim d friends e casual B Opening with a question makes this paragraph
f best quite interesting, but as it continues it becomes too
descriptive and specific for an introduction. It then
rambles and becomes unfocused.
C Inappropriate because it is too personal and informal.
D Interesting and appropriate. It introduces the subject Unit 1 Review page 20
economically and makes two or three interesting

points: uniforms are everywhere / worn for work / no 1
choice for the wearer KEY
The most suitable is paragraph D. 1 A point 5 C rest
2 B considering 6 D clothing
4 3 C contacted 7 C early
KEY 4 A employed 8 D market
b Yes. The writer has:
• agreed with the statement 2
• referred to uniforms as helping us to identify people KEY
a don’t / do not have to go or needn’t / need not go
• referred to uniforms as means of protection
b mustn’t / must not take
• included ideas of their own: the disadvantages
c needn’t have / need not have hurried
of uniforms / uniforms conferring respect
d mustn’t / must not tire yourself out
5 e didn’t have to / did not have to send her an email or
didn’t / did not need to send her an email
KEY
The most common reason for (1) this / which is that 3
uniforms allow wearers to be seen and identified by the
public. (2) For example / Like, if you are visiting someone KEY
a I’m expecting
in hospital, you need to know who is a nurse or
doctor and who is an ordinary member of the public. (3) b normally works, he is visiting
Another c Do you have, I’m trying
/ Other reasons include protecting wearers from danger d I don’t usually like, I’m reading, I’m enjoying
or disease, for example fire fighters at a blaze, or e flows
nurses working in a hospital.
However, uniforms have disadvantages for some people.
They make everyone look the same (4) because / so
that people cannot express their individuality in the
same way as if they were wearing clothes they had
chosen themselves. A more serious problem may be for
soldiers who are fighting. Their uniform gives the
enemy a clear target and may (5) actually / probably cost
soldiers their lives.
In my experience, I have found that people in uniform
are often given more respect than people in ordinary
clothes. (6) For instance / An example, it would be
difficult for someone in ordinary clothes to arrest another
person.
(7) In conclusion / To end with, I would say that there are
certain jobs for which wearing a uniform is necessary.
6
KEY
1 this 5 actually
2 For example 6 For instance
3 Other 7 In conclusion
4 so that
Unit 2 Talents
Introduction page 21 6 C: Ron says the key to his training is to be distracted
1 while memorizing things; this gives his brain incredible
focus. For example, to become the USA Memory
POSSIBLE ANSWERS Champion he memorized cards while snorkelling.
Top left to bottom right:
7 A: Adam painstakingly taught Derek how to
a Photo 1: gymnast – flexibility, athleticism,
play properly …
competitiveness
8 D: He performs all his feats without a safety net or harness.
Photo 2: surgeon – excellent hand-eye co-ordination,
9 B: His ambition was to become a professional bee-keeper
knowledge about anatomy, precise focus but instead he ended up becoming an academic.
Photo 3: model – good looks, tall and slim, poise
10 C: Ron currently teaches memory techniques to people all
Photo 4: singer – good voice, ability to perform for
over the United States.
others, memory for words in songs
Photo 5: teacher – presentation skills, knowledge of
subject, empathy for students
Phrasal verbs: turn
Photo 6: museum tour guide – presentation skills, 4
knowledge of art, enthusiastic personality
b Students’ own answers. KEY
a 5 b 6 c 3 d 2 e 1 f 4
Reading and Use of English Over to you

Part 7 page 22 5 Students’ own answers.
Exam skills Grammar (1) page 24

1
KEY can, be able to
a accidentally: by chance, unintentionally 1
b ability: skill, talent
c currently: presently, these days KEY
a Derek Paravicini is not able to read even Braille, but
d cover (sth) up: conceal, hide
he has an amazing talent; he is able to play any
e participate: be involved, take part
piece of music after only one hearing.
f pressure: demands, stress
b He was able to play a toy organ when he was two.
2
2
KEY KEY
1 left school; was expelled from school; didn’t finish a There is no infinitive form of can.
school; dropped out of school (do not provide b There is no present perfect form of can to talk about
this unless students come up with it) ability.
7 had classes / lessons; was taught by somebody (do
not provide this unless students come up with it) 3
KEY
Exam practice: Multiple matching a He can run 100 metres in just over twelve seconds.
3 b When I was younger, I could run up a hill
without getting out of breath.
KEY
c They had eaten such a big breakfast that they couldn’t
1 C: A high-school dropout …
finish their lunch.
2 A: He does occasionally play the wrong note, but because
d He could probably touch his toes if he lost weight.
he is able to improvise, he can cover it up without anyone
e Even if I’d been stronger, I couldn’t have lifted
even noticing.
those heavy weights.
3 D: Eskil is well aware of the risks involved in what he does.
4 B: He acquired these skills after years of practice … 4
5 A: Derek Paravicini was born blind, with severe learning
difficulties and autism. He has limited verbal skills, KEY
poor short-term memory and cannot read even Braille It is not possible to use could in sentence c, because could
… at nine, Derek gave his first of many major public refers to a general ability in the past, whereas were able
performances. to refers to a specific event in the past. In sentence c we
are
First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Photocopiable © Oxford University 1

talking about a specific event in the past, not a general
2
ability in the past.
KEY
Other ability structures 1 has 2 there 3 an 4 Because 5 to 6 need
7 order 8 however 9 what 10 many
5
KEY Exam practice: Open cloze
We can use the past forms of manage to and succeed in for 3
sentences b and c. KEY
a We cannot use managed to or succeeded in in 1 a 2 if / when 3 to 4 that / which 5 rather 6 for
sentence a because this sentence refers to a past, 7 while / whilst 8 be
ongoing habit (smoking). Managed to or succeeded in
refer to a specific event in the past, when something
became possible.
Over to you
b We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence b 4 Students’ own answers.
because the sentence refers to a specific event in the
past, although the verb following succeeded in would
need to take the -ing form:
Grammar (2) page 26
The doctors managed to save the woman’s life.

The doctors succeeded in saving the woman’s
Comparatives and superlatives
life. 2
c We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence c KEY
because the sentence refers to a specific event in the as big as; higher; stricter; more severe; less extensive; as
past, although the verb following succeeded in would effective as; the most interesting
need to take the -ing form:
After five hours, the firefighters managed to put out the 3
fire.
KEY
After five hours, the firefighters succeeded in putting out a longer, the longest / shorter, the shortest
the fire.
b larger, the largest / later, the latest
6 c flatter, the flattest / thinner, the thinnest
d heavier, the heaviest / funnier, the funniest
KEY e more important, the most important / more
a didn’t succeed in finding independent, the most independent
b wasn’t able to complete / do / finish f cleverer, the cleverest / narrower, the narrowest
c succeeded in passing g better, the best / worse, the worst
d managed to break in / enter h better, the best / worse, the worst
e was(n’t) able to swim i more quickly, the most quickly / more carefully,
f managed / has managed to get the most carefully
g wasn’t able to fall
h succeeded in opening / uncorking 4
i Have / Haven’t (you) managed to lose
KEY
7 The adjective or adverb takes its basic form – e.g. as quick
as, as quickly as / as beautiful as, as beautifully as.
KEY
It is not possible to use could or couldn’t in sentences c, 5
d, f and i.
KEY
a couldn’t find g couldn’t sleep a good b cheaper c younger; cleverer
b couldn’t finish h could open d the unluckiest e better f hotter g more difficult
e could swim h less / more legibly i easier j faster; sooner
6
Over to you
8 Students’ own answers. KEY
a no difference: just (as … as); no
b a small difference: a bit; a little; slightly
Reading and Use of English c a big difference: far / by far; much; a lot; not nearly
(as… as); considerably
Part 2 page 25
Exam skills
1
KEY
b How different learners learn best

Over to you 7
7
SUGGESTED ANSWER
My brother is taller than me but not as tall as my husband.
I don’t think my brother is as witty as I am, because he
does not value sense of humour as much as I do. We
both had a lot of education, but I studied harder than
him
at school and at university. I think I am kinder than my
KEY
brother, and he is a little bit moodier than I am, but he is
more sociable.
Exam skills
1
KEY KEY
a Each candidate is given two photographs.
b Each candidate has to talk about his / her own
photos for about one minute.
c Next, each candidate answers a question about the
other candidate’s photo.
3
KEY
Contrasting words but, The main difference between … ,
unless, whereas, while
Words which and, also, because
give more KEY
information
Words which I’d prefer to do … than …, I find …,
express preference I imagine that …, I’d much rather …,
Personally
KEY
4
KEY
The words and expressions in bold are in the audioscript.
Ones not in bold are additional alternatives.
Contrasting words but, however, The main difference
between …, unless, whereas, while
Words which and, also, because, in addition
give more
information
Words which I’d prefer to do … than, I’d much
express a rather …, I prefer to do … than …
preference / I prefer doing … to …, I find …,
I imagine that …, Personally
Pronunciation
KEY KEY
5
a much
b nearly
c just (an alternative stress pattern could be to put the
main stress on the word spell)
d considerably

Long turn 4
8 Students’ own answers. a INF b F c INF d F e F f INF g INF h INF
5
Writing Part 2 – Letter / email page 28
The informal features included in the first email are:
Exam skills • short sentences, e.g. No, nothing’s wrong! (Note:
exclamation marks are more likely to be used in informal
2 writing.), instead of: In your email you enquire whether
anything is wrong and in response I must assure you
In the reply, you need to: that no, nothing is wrong.
• say what happened to you last night • contractions, e.g. nothing’s wrong instead of
• provide an excuse for not showing up (and nothing is wrong
apologize) • phrasal verbs, e.g. held up
• say when you would like to meet up / • omitted words (e.g. pronouns), e.g. Sorry about last
reschedule the meeting night
instead of I am sorry about last night
3
• the use of very simple words or slang, e.g. ’cos instead
Although both emails give a full response to Charlie’s of
message and answer all his questions, the first reply because
(on the left-hand side of the page) is more
appropriate because it is written in an appropriate style 6
for an email between friends. The other answer is far INF: Best wishes; Cheers; Good to hear from you!; Hello;
too formal for an email to a friend, and the format / Hi!; Hiya!; How are things with you?; Jo; Thanks for your
layout is more appropriate for a formal letter. email; You asked me about …
F: Best wishes; Dear Sam; Dear Sir; I’m (I am) writing to …;
Formal and informal language Regards; Thank you for your email of 15/12; Yours sincerely;
Yours faithfully; Jo Hunter (Ms)
KE
a bit; lot b nearly; far c just; far; much d no

7 c an adverb because it is describing the action of the verb
KEY in the phrase ‘pass the ball’
a a snack e to inform you d an adjective because it describes the type of person you
b attempted f because need to be to get to the top in a sport
c therefore g returned home
d sent you a text message h I do apologize 2
KEY
8 a height b disagree c skilfully d ambitious
KEY
The second email uses delayed instead of held up and 3
arrive instead of get in because held up and get in are KEY
phrasal verbs and therefore preferably not used in formal -al arrival, refusal
writing. -ance performance
-er employer, performer, worker
9 -or predictor, protector
KEY -ion prediction, rejection, protection, completion
a My boyfriend refuses to back down even when -ation expectation, information
he knows I’m right. -ity prosperity
b I wish people wouldn’t eat at their desks. I just can’t -ment employment, improvement
put up with it.
c I wish you wouldn’t put me down in public – it’s really Exam practice: Word formation
embarrassing.
d I bumped into someone I was at school with yesterday. 5
e Have you heard about Tim and Jan? They’ve called off KEY
their wedding! 1 competitions 2 argument 3 disagree
f My grandparents brought up five children on a very 4 entertainment 5 sponsorship 6 hardly 7 unable
low income. 8 famous
Meanings of get Over to you

KEY
Underline in the first email: get in, got changed, get you on, Listening Part 2 page 31
get it, got there
Formal equivalents in second email: get in = arrive home, Think ahead
got changed = changed, get you on = contact you on, 2
get it = receive, got there = arrived
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 swimming lessons
Exam practice: Email 2 stress
11 3 many / both
4 a healthy diet / healthily / well
KEY 5 sick / unwell
a Talk about your classes + say whether your classes 6 clubs / activities
are interesting + describe the things you do in your 7 a few
classes 8 neglecting / failing
+ say whether you are learning a lot from your classes. 9 the independence / the responsibilities
b Sam is the target reader, and because he / she is 10 fun / relaxation
your friend the style would be informal.
c & d Students’ own answers.
Exam practice: Sentence completion
3
Reading and Use of English KEY
Part 3 page 30 1 basketball
2 stress
Exam skills 3 middle-class
1 4 the right foods
5 (frequent) headaches
KEY 6 clubs / private-sector extra-curricular activities
a a noun because it follows an article 7 four (4)
b a verb because it follows a noun and is followed by 8 letting down
a relative clause 9 the freedom
10 (free) play

Adjective prefixes: extra, hyper, over,
under
4
KEY
hyperactive; extracurricular; overindulgent; overoptimistic;
overpopulated, underpopulated; overpriced, underpriced;
hypersensitive, oversensitive; overstaffed; understaffed;
extraterrestrial; overused, underused; overvalued,
undervalued
5
KEY
a hyperactive b overindulgent c hypersensitive
d understaffed e extraterrestrial
Unit 2 Review page 32
1
KEY
1 magicians 2 known 3 variety 4 throughout
5 athletic 6 performance 7 dangerous 8 celebrity
2
KEY
a Could
b didn’t manage
c succeeded
d haven’t managed
e Can / Can’t
f didn’t manage to / couldn’t / weren’t able to
g could
h succeeded
3
KEY
a out b back c down d to e into f up

Unit 3 Compulsion
Introduction page 33 Grammar (1) page 35
1
KEY Habits and typical behaviour
a The unit title Compulsion refers to activities that people 1
can’t stop doing. The photographs show activities
KEY
which people can get addicted to. a any time b any time c past d past e future
d All of these activities are potentially addictive. Addictive f any time g past
behaviour has a range of consequences for the person
whom it affects – for example on their health and, in 2
the case of an addiction to shopping, their finances. KEY
Addiction often leads to a breakdown in the addicts’ a Sentence 1 refers to a past habit, which is now over (I
relationships with family and friends. don’t do this any more). Sentence 2 refers to an
ongoing
habit (I’m accustomed to doing this).
2 b Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit. Sentence 2
POSSIBLE ANSWERS refers to a past habit that is no longer relevant.
a Some people are thrill-seekers – they want to try out c Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit (I’m
new things. Such people may do something once accustomed to doing this). Sentence 2 refers to a
for the thrill, but may find they continue doing it developing habit.
until it becomes a dominant part of their lives
because they become addicted, first to the thrill and used to and would
then to the habit or drug. Even though they may not
continue to enjoy doing it, they may be unable to 3
stop. Certain people
KEY
are genetically more inclined to develop addictive a used to / would b used to c used to
behaviour. Others may seek to use drugs to escape d used to / would e used to / would
problems in their lives. We can use used to to talk about habitual / regular actions
b Education can play a big part in helping young or states in the past that are now finished.
people avoid addiction by making them aware of the We can use would to talk about habitual actions in the
dangers of certain activities and explaining why past, but not to talk about past states.
they should avoid doing things to excess. They
should be made aware that there are alternative 4
ways to deal with problems and / or better ways to
experience thrills. KEY
Sentences a and c could take would as well as used
Counselling services should be offered to those who
to because they refer to habitual actions rather than
are genetically inclined to develop addictive behaviour,
permanent states. (Note: for sentence c would smoke
and addicts should be helped to recognize that they
means they smoked sometimes, e.g. at parties or after
have a problem and provided with guidance on how to
dinner – not all the time.)
change their habits or lifestyles.
Listening Part 4 page 34 Grammar (2) page 36
Exam practice: Multiple choice Countable and uncountable nouns

2 1
KEY
KEY
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 B Countable: adults, things, parents, point of view, phone
Uncountable: fun, sympathy, advice, time
Over to you 2
KEY
Only used with countable nouns: many, a few, few,
several Only used with uncountable nouns: not much, a
little, little Used with both: all the, some, most of the,
enough, a lot of, plenty of, no, none of the
3
Phrasal verbs
KEY
a bit of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, 3
information, music, news, paper, research, luck KEY
a box of: clothing, equipment, fruit, paper cut down: reduced turns off: disgusts
a glass of: milk get by: survive putting on: gaining
a piece of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, light up: shine give up: stop
information, music, news, paper, research (Note: hooked on is also a phrasal verb meaning ‘to be very
a sheet of: music, paper enthusiastic about something‘.)
a stroke of: luck
a word of: advice Phrasal verbs with give
an item of: clothing, equipment, information, news
4
4
KEY
POSSIBLE ANSWERS a 4; 6 b 5 c 1; 7 d 2 e 3
chicken: Each of the chickens has laid an egg. / Shall we
have chicken or fish for dinner? 5
chocolate: Chocolate is too sweet for me. / She bought
KEY
herself a box of chocolates.
a give (it) back d give in
exercise: I try to do exercise every day. / Swimming is an
b giving up on e giving out
excellent form of exercise.
c giving away
experience: People learn best from experience. / I had a
frightening experience last night.
language: I’m very interested in everyday language. / My Pronunciation
father speaks six languages. 6
light: You can see light through the trees. / The car hasn’t
got its lights on. KEY
noise: There is a lot of noise in the city. / There are many The main stress is on the particle in phrasal verbs. In three-
different kinds of noises. part phrasal verbs the main stress is on the first of the two
room: Is there enough room for us all? / The hotel has over particles.
a hundred rooms.
7
time: I never have enough time. / How many times have
we done this before? KEY
When a pronoun is inserted between the phrasal verb and
5 the particle, the main stress is on the particle.
KEY When a noun is inserted between the phrasal verb
Cupcakes are something mothers make for their children and the particle, the main stress is on the noun.
and are a reminder of childhood for many people. (Note: three-part phrasal verbs are not separable.)
Exam practice: Open cloze Over to you

KEY
1 a 2 like 3 to 4 all 5 used 6 back 7 would Reading and Use of English
8 into
Part 6 page 38
Over to you Exam skills
1
KEY
Vocabulary page 37
a 5 b 3 c 1 d 6 e 2 f 4
1
Exam practice: Gapped text
KEY 2
The writer feels a bit defensive about the fact that the
reader might laugh at him / her, proud that he / she has KEY
the addiction under control at the moment and also a bit 1 G: With a negative addiction, on the other hand …
smug that he / she doesn’t put on any weight even when contrasts with the previous section, which describes the
he / she eats a lot of chocolate. He / she is also effects of a positive addiction.
determined to keep up the addiction. 2 E: Steve, a personal trainer, used his work to mask
his secondary addiction. This links with Whatever
workout my client was doing, … .

3 F: The thrill from the exercise is the thing, … links back to c (Written prompts) Suggestions and a question
body image isn’t so central in the previous sentence. to answer.
4 A: five times the amount (of endorphins) links back to d Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of
the body produces endorphins in the previous the suggested ways of getting people to stop
sentence. smoking.
5 C: the thrill can never quite compare with that
achieved by taking drugs is followed by the example of 2
Tony, who took drugs daily for almost a decade.
KEY
6 D: there’s an underlying unhappiness links with
a Yes, they talk about them all to some extent.
the sentence that follows: If they haven’t sorted out
b Yes. The examples they give are: raising the price
the reasons for this state … .
of cigarettes; raising the permitted age for smoking
Sentence B is not used.
to 20; banning adverts which show good-looking
people
Over to you smoking and looking happy; health campaigns;
3 Students’ own answers. putting health warnings on cigarette packets; anti-
smoking campaigns in primary schools; offering
medical alternatives such as patches that you stick on
Vocabulary page 40
your arm or special chewing gum; electronic
cigarettes.
Adverbs c The examiner ends the discussion by saying ‘thank you’.
3
3
KEY
KEY a The candidates have to decide on two ideas that
Four adverbs of manner: clearly, accidentally, dramatically, would be most likely to succeed in stopping young
honestly people from smoking.
Two comment adverbs: amazingly, fortunately b one minute
Two focusing adverbs: even, only
Two frequency adverbs: never, always 4
An adverb of degree: really KEY
4 They decide on a health campaign in primary schools,
and a complete ban on cigarette advertising.
KEY
a Sadly, my sister failed her driving test last week. / 5
My sister failed her driving test last week, sadly. KEY
b If someone sneezes, people often say, ‘Bless you!’. Function Example From the recording
c I completely agree with you. / I agree with you Making How about Let’s take them
completely. suggestions …? I think we … What about …?
d I hurriedly checked my email before I left for work. should … Shall we suggest
/ I checked my email hurriedly before I left for …?
work. What they should do is …
e Surprisingly, I found out later that you’d been trying Giving I think they should
to phone me. / I found out later that you’d been trying opinions … I think …
to phone me, surprisingly. The other thing I think
f I only know his name and nothing else. / I know only his they should do is …
name and nothing else. If it was up to me, I’d …
5 Asking for What do Do you think that would
opinions you think? make a difference?
POSSIBLE ANSWERS Do you
a early / on time think
b politely / correctly / naturally / normally / responsibly …?
c quietly / politely / slowly
Agreeing OK
d remembering people’s names
That’s true.
e the Earth is flat
You’re right.
f a famous writer
You’re probably right.
Disagreeing I’m not so sure. I’m not sure about that.
Expressing I’m absolutely … it’s definitely worth
1 certainty sure that … a try, and we’ve got to
try everything.
KEY
a Two minutes Anything’s worth a try.
b They are on a committee which has been asked to Giving for instance It’s like …
come up with ideas for stopping young people from

smoking.

6 Christian Yes, but we’ve already decided that raising the age w
KEY Sophie Yes, they’ll just get other people to buy them for them
The expressions the candidates use are shown in bold Christian That’s true, but the thing is that all the ideas have b
in the audioscript below. See also the table for Sophie Yes, but something needs to be done, doesn’t it?
exercise 5. Christian You’re right – they’ve got to do something.
Sophie So, can we decide on two ideas?
Audioscript 1•17 Christian Shall we suggest a health campaign in primary schoo
Examiner Now, I’d like you to talk about something Sophie OK! That sounds sensible.
together for about two minutes. I’d like you to imagine Examiner Thank you.
that you are on a committee which has been asked to
come up with ideas for stopping young people from
smoking. Here are some of the suggestions and a
question for you to discuss. First you have some time to
look at the task.
Now, talk to each other about the advantages
and disadvantages of each suggestion.
Sophie I think these are really good ideas, so let’s take
them one at a time, shall we?
Christian OK. Well, for a start, I think they should raise
Writing Part 2 – Article page 42
the price of cigarettes. That way young people would

probably smoke less. Think ahead
Sophie We don’t want them to smoke less. We want 1
them not smoke at all. If it was up to me, I’d raise the
smoking age to twenty. POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Christian Twenty? I’m not sure about that. You might a on the train / bus, in the bath, when they are relaxing,
stop young people from buying cigarettes, but if you did in doctors’ and dentists’ waiting rooms
that, they would just get their older friends or even their b It may depend on whether they are interested in the
parents to buy cigarettes for them. They do that now, subject, whether the writing style is accessible, or on
don’t they? how well the article is presented on the page.
Sophie That’s true. What about banning advertising? Do
you think that would make a difference?
2
Christian Yes, it might. Seeing pictures of good-looking KEY
people smoking and looking happy must make smoking a Your favourite hobby; something you are ‘crazy
very attractive to some young people. about’. b First of all the editor of the magazine inviting
Sophie Yeah, so if we stopped them from seeing those articles, but in the end the readers of the English-
images, it might help. language
Christian The other thing I think they should do is have magazine.
an advertising campaign to show people how smoking c Quite informal: the article is probably intended for
can damage their health. young people – it is a light-hearted subject and the
Sophie They’ve tried that before, haven’t they, and they title ‘I’m just crazy about …’ is an informal
found it didn’t make much difference. It’s like the health expression.
warnings on cigarette packets which say things like
‘Smoking kills’. They don’t seem to stop people smoking. 3
Christian You’re right. I think they tried it with teenagers KEY
– and teenagers do all kinds of things that damage a by talking enthusiastically about the subject from a
their health – and they don’t seem to care. What they personal point of view
should do is have a campaign in every primary b Students’ own answers.
school. c informal; personal; serious; yes
Sophie You’re probably right – it’s definitely worth a try, d paragraph 3
and we’ve got to try everything. Do you think providing e extreme adjectives such as: fantastic, terrifying
people with alternatives would be a good idea – such as
patches that you stick on your arm or special chewing Creating interest
gum?
Christian Anything’s worth a try. Have you heard about 4
electronic cigarettes?
KEY
Sophie Yes, that’s a really weird idea, isn’t it?
Essential features of an article title are a, b, d and e.
Christian Yes, it is, but I know someone who tried them
– and it’s worked quite well so far. 5
Examiner Thank you … Now you have about a minute
to decide which two ideas would be most likely to stop POSSIBLE ANSWERS
young people from smoking. a This title is quite bland, although it might attract
Sophie Well, they’re all quite good ideas, aren’t they? someone who wants to start sky-diving.
b This title is the most likely to make someone
want to read the article, because it creates an
element of

mystery. It gives no idea of what the article is going to
be about, but suggests that it is something unusual.
Readers may be curious to find out what it is about.
c This title might attract the attention of people because
of its conversational style.
d This title suggests something that is serious, dense
and possibly dull.
6
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a This is a less interesting opening sentence.
b This sentence immediately engages the reader
by asking a dramatic question.
c This is less inclusive and so might not attract as many
readers.
d This might attract people because of its inclusivity.
Exam practice: Article

7
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a Scuba diving – opens up the underwater world; you
can see wonderful animals and plants; keeps you fit;
great
if you love the water; takes you to interesting places;
requires a ‘buddy’.
b Reader is likely to be a youngish person who is
interested in underwater sports. Style is quite informal.
Introduction – brief introduction to concept of scuba
diving and why I ‘always wanted to do it’.
Paragraph 1 – nature: underwater world becomes
open to the diver and the flora and fauna of the
underwater world are fascinating and often new;
travel to exciting locations.
Paragraph 2 – health reasons, e.g. keeping fit; good for
de-stressing.
Paragraph 3 – social: you have to have a ‘buddy’ to dive
with; dive in groups; meet divers in other countries.
Conclusion – a reminder of how it all started, i.e. refer
back to when I ‘always wanted to do it’.
1
KEY
1 from 2 of 3 in 4 does 5 because 6 after
7 with 8 out
2
KEY
a 2 b 5 c 4 d 1 e 3
3
KEY
a no b a little c None of d plenty e a few
f most of g a bit h a piece

Unit 4 Roles
Introduction page 45 4 C: Starting with a population of childless married couples
1 also works best on board a spaceship because it will
give the initial crew a few years to adjust to their new
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
surroundings without the distraction and responsibility of
Top left to right:
taking care of children.
Teacher and student: an unequal relationship based on
5 A: Designing morals for people on such a fantastic
trust within an educational setting, in which the teacher
voyage is problematic because people on Earth would
has a duty of care to the student; the teacher has an
have little influence once the crew was on its own.
element of authority over the student.
6 B: Experts predict that such a space mission will take place
Parent and child: an unequal relationship based on
within the next hundred years.
deep love and care; the parent has responsibility to care
for the child.
Husband and wife / partners: an equal relationship with Collocations with have and take
joint responsibility as spouses / partners and maybe also 3
as parents.
Bottom left to right: KEY
Manager and employee / boss and worker: an unequal a have children b take care of children
relationship; the boss has some authority over the c take the opportunity to d take place
employee.
4
Friends: an equal relationship.
Nurse and patient: an unequal relationship: the nurse has KEY
the knowledge the patient needs; the nurse has a duty of a have b take c have d take e having f have
care to the patient. g have / take
Over to you
Reading and Use of English 5
Part 5 page 46 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a Suitable people: doctors, nurses, midwifes,
Think ahead teachers, builders, farmers, scientists, etc.
Personal qualities: determination, bravery, sense of
1
adventure, sense of humour, ability to work as part of a
POSSIBLE ANSWER team, etc.
b A single-sex crew might miss the company of the b Students’ own answers.
opposite sex and the distractions they can provide,
and a single-sex environment would be very
unnatural. A single-sex crew may squabble without Grammar page 48
the balance provided by the other sex. There may be

times when the women would benefit from The future
masculine thinking patterns, physical strength and 1
so on. It would be boring being in a single-sex
KEY
environment. Children need both sexes to influence
a 4 b 1 c 5 d 7 e 6 f 3 g 2
their development.
2
Exam practice: Multiple choice KEY
2 1 I start / I’m starting
2 ’re having / ’re going to have
KEY 3 ’re going to start / ’re starting / start
1 C: The family has the kind of natural organization and 4 ’ll get up / ’re going to get up
motivation to deal with the tensions which are likely to
5 leaves
characterize space trips … .
6 ’ll stop
2 D: … spacecraft size is no longer the constraint it
7 ’ll drive / ’re going to drive
was, making it possible to take ordinary people
8 ’ll take
such as midwives, electricians and cleaners.
9 ’ll probably go
3 A: Whenever colonization is done on Earth, it is always by
10 ’re catching
people looking for a better life.
11 ’ll send
12 Are you doing / Are you going to do

3 3
POSSIBLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE ANSWER
a I’m going to check his / her mobile phone messages. All the photos are of parents and their children. I really like
b I’m sorry, but I’m staying with my aunt and uncle then. the first photo because everyone looks so relaxed. The first
c I’ll do the decorations if you like. and second photos are of fathers with their children, and
the other two are of mothers with their children. They all
Future continuous and future perfect show normal situations, rather conventional, although the
man carrying the baby in the second photo may be a
4 little untraditional for some people.
KEY 4 Students’ own answers.
a 2 b 3 c 1
Exam practice: Multiple matching
5
5
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
KEY
a This time next week I’ll be sitting on the beach.
1 E 2 H 3 A 4 F 5 C
b By this time next year I’ll have finished my exams.
B, D and G are not used.
c This time next year I’ll be living in Spain.
d In five years’ time I’ll have started up my own company. 6
bound to / likely to KEY
a a bond between children and their dads – an
6 emotional connection
POSSIBLE ANSWERS This bond may be different from the bond
a My brother’s likely to be working abroad / unlikely to be between children and their mums because it is
rich. usually mums who stay at home with children.
b He’s bound to be looking for a better-paid job. b day-to-day care of children – looking after children in
every way, every day: feeding them, keeping them safe,
7 getting them up and ready for bed, nurturing them,
KEY changing their clothes, nappies, etc.
During the economic recession, many jobs disappeared c the main breadwinner – the person in the family who
from industries traditionally dominated by male workers. earns the most money
It may be that women, who traditionally work in Yes, there can be other breadwinners.
health care, education and other service industries, will d an emotional tie – a link between two people who
take the lead in the labour market. have feelings for each other
Other ties: family, professional, cultural, economic
Exam practice: Open cloze e he dedicated all his time to me and my sisters – he
spent all his time on / his main priority was the
8 speaker and her sisters
KEY
1 on 2 does 3 has 4 or 5 will 6 least 7 such
8 who Vocabulary page 51
Over to you Phrasal verbs with bring

9 1
KEY KEY
a Students’ own answers. a Bringing up b bring her round c brought about
b The traditional thinking is that women are better in the d bring up e brought in f brought back
caring professions – perhaps because they are used g bring down h brought forward i bringing out
to acting in a motherly way.
2
KEY
a I find it very difficult to bring up …
b If I had the power, I would bring in …
Pronunciation c … always brings back …
d I think the hardest thing about bringing up
1 children is …
KEY
adventurous conservative conventional
unconventional extraordinary fashionable
imaginative normal strange surprising traditional
unusual

Words with several meanings
3
3
KEY
a WORK KEY
1 have an ongoing, positive effect a almost certainly b probably c looks like
2 function d could be e the chances are f I’d say g I imagine
3 doing jobs h I guess
b KEY
1 most important Writing Part 1 page 54
2 button (on a keyboard)
3 set of answers Think ahead
c INTEREST
1 which are attractive 1
2 rates at which money increases
KEY
3 rights / concerns
a Role models are most often people famous in their
d EXPERIENCE
own field, like singers, actors and actresses, sport
1 occasion / event / happening
stars or even scientists or politicians. They can also be
2 knowledge / skill gained through doing something for
older public figures (like Nelson Mandela) or
a period of time in the past
people who have achieved great things or made
3 practice / doing things
great sacrifices.
e MAKE UP
b Role models have status, personality traits, etc. that
1 reconcile / make peace / forgive and forget
others aspire to. They act as examples to show
2 invent / think up / fabricate
others what is possible. They can inspire people,
3 comprise / form
particularly if they are ordinary people rather than
4 Students’ own answers. people who were born into a privileged position.
Reading and Use of English Exam skills

Part 4 page 52 2
KEY
Exam skills a A topic sentence: has a clear topic; interests the
reader; expresses the main idea(s) of the paragraph;
1 is a full sentence.
KEY b Sentence 2 gives an explanation; sentence 3
adds information.
a one b between two and five c yes, it does
d no, I can’t 3
KEY
2 a Not a clear topic – sensitive to or about what?
KEY An improved version might be: Parents need to be
1 I were you, I ‘d sensitive, especially in situations where they believe their
2 been ages since I saw children have chosen unsuitable role models.
3 have been reports of flooding b Not a full sentence.
4 she didn’t agree with my An improved version might be: It has been claimed
that the period from the early 1970s to 2000 is one which
Exam practice: Key word transformation witnessed the end of the traditional family.
3 4
KEY POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 get used to Many celebrities owe their position more to good luck
2 is believed to have caused than to recognizable talent.
3 more expensive to rent If we want our children to become responsible adults,
4 have given up we should make sure they have clear rights and
5 it was / were up to me responsibilities from an early age.
6 not bring it up Most people today would agree that parents have the
prime responsibility for the bringing up of children.
Teachers should have a good knowledge of their subject,
as well as having an understanding of the processes
by which children learn.

5 3
KEY KEY
1 h 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 g 6 i 7 d 8 c 9 f a brought up
b brings back
6 c bring round
KEY d bring about
for instance; however; the result of this; in the end; e brought up
to begin with; in addition
Linking words
7
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
For instance: for example
However: despite this; in spite of this
The result of this: as a result; because of this
In the end: ultimately
To begin with: firstly; for a start; to start with
In addition: also; as well as this; furthermore what is more,
8
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a For example, if they see their role models behaving
badly, they may be tempted to imitate their behaviour.
What is more, they may persuade their friends to act in
the same way.
b To begin with, they are usually well-educated and
take their subject seriously. In addition, they are keen
to help other people. In the end, however, they can
only be successful if their students are willing to
learn.
c For instance, a famous person who earns millions
but has no talent is not the best person to be a
child’s role model. However, there are
undoubtedly some celebrities who have talent, and
they may make good role models.
1
KEY
1 was suggested (that) I look / looked / should look
2 been reports of clashes between
3 couldn’t get used to
4 ’s bound to get
5 is believed to be responsible
6 ’m unlikely to be / arrive on
2
KEY
a will retire / will be retiring
b ’m going to cycle / ’ll be cycling
c ’ll lend you
d leaves
e will have worked / will have been working
f Are you doing
g ’ll have moved; ’ll be living

Unit 5 Travel and culture
Reading and Use of English 3
Part 7 page 58 KEY
Verb forms:
Exam skills a past simple; past
simple past simple; past
1 perfect
KEY b present perfect; present simple
a 2; 3 b 1; 3 present perfect continuous; present simple
c past continuous; past
Exam practice: Multiple matching simple past simple; past
simple
2
d past simple
KEY past continuous
1 B: There is no conflict between tourism and travelling. e past simple
Just as one may eat one day at McDonald’s and the present perfect
next at a five-star Michelin restaurant, so one may both The differences in meaning are:
enjoy the beaches of the Costa del Sol and a trek a In the first situation the play started at the time
through the Sarawak rainforest. These experiences are they arrived at the theatre. In the second situation the
not mutually exclusive. play was already in progress when they arrived – the
2 E: By contrast, tourists … bring cash in buckets. play started before they arrived; it was an earlier past
3 C: In its heyday, such places throbbed with people and event than their arrival.
commerce. b In the first situation the presents have been bought
4 F: They appreciate their genuine experiences so much that – the shopping happened at some time in the past
they resent sharing them. and is finished. In the second situation the process of
5 A: Scarcely anyone has had a good word to say before shopping began in the past but is still going on in the
or since. present.
6 F: The tourist is me. I feel no shame. c In the first situation the speaker was in the
7 B: Looking down on tourists is snobbery … And process of crossing the road when he / she saw
it infuriates me. Adam. In the
8 D: with some initial reluctance, villagers embraced second situation the speaker saw Adam and decided to
the tourism development – going to work in the new cross the road (to avoid / meet him).
hotel, opening guest rooms of their own and running d In the first situation the passport application is
pleasure trips in their fishing boats. complete and was finished ‘last night’. In the
9 C: But if they didn’t wander off to unexplored spots, second situation she was in the process of filling out
and write and talk about it on their return, the rest of us the passport application ‘last night’ (when something
would be in ignorance. Some readers were inspired to else probably happened).
follow. e In the first situation he is no longer a travel agent, but in
10 A: … the most noxious is the tourist … I sense the past he had been a travel agent for a period of
heads nodding. two years. In the second situation he started working
as a travel agent two years ago and is still working as a
travel agent.
Over to you a past perfect simple c past simple
b present perfect simple d past continuous
Grammar page 60
Past time
1
KEY
a present perfect simple c past continuous
b past simple d past perfect simple
2
KEY

4
1 had just had 7 had made KEY
2 was working 8 refused
3 lived 9 held
4 heard 10 dropped
5 was sitting 11 looked
6 was going 12 missed
Vocabular page 61
y Travel
phrasal verbs
1
KEY
a 3 b 5 c 1 d 6 e 2 f 4

2
Exam practice: Word formation
KEY 3
a set off b checked in c see (you) off d takes off
e pick (a friend) up f stop over KEY
1 unbelievable 2 necessity 3 farming 4 fairly
Exam practice: Key word transformation 5 valuable 6 inefficient 7 nearby 8 heating
3
Over to you
1 has been unemployed for
2 n’t been abroad since last
3 been ages since I Listening Part 4 page 63
4 had just set off
5 leave until she had locked Think ahead
6 to get away for
1
Reading and Use of English POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Oysters: chewy, hard, slimy, slippery, smooth, soft
Part 3 page 62 Avocados: creamy, oily, slippery, soft, squishy
Honey: gooey, smooth, sticky
Think ahead Oranges: juicy, slippery, smooth, squishy
1 Students’ own answers. Locusts: crispy, crunchy, dry, hard, oily
Exam skills
Exam practice: Multiple choice
2 3
KEY KEY
a dissatisfied (Note: dissatisfied refers to people being 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 B
unhappy, frustrated or disappointed with a
situation, person or thing, while unsatisfied refers to Over to you
the feeling of needing more and can apply to abstract
concepts.); unsuitable; irregular; impatient; inadequate;
inexpensive
b inappropriate; uncomfortable; incorrect; Vocabulary page 64
unimportant; illegal; immoral; disobedient;
irresponsible; unsuccessful; unsuitable Think ahead
c It is often possible to form the opposite of adjectives, or
1
give the negative meaning of an adjective, by adding
a negative prefix. However, there are no set KEY
grammatical rules as to which group of prefixes work a It is not acceptable to leave even a tiny amount of rice
with which adjectives; students need to familiarize in your bowl.
themselves with which prefixes work with which
adjectives through use and exposure. Words often confused
The most common negative prefixes used with
adjectives are dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir- and un-. Others that are 2
quite common are a-, anti-, counter-, mal- and non-. KEY
The prefixes im-, il- and ir- are, in fact, a variety of in and dishes; pair; raises
there are certain ‘rules’ that often apply as to when Example sentences:
to use im-, ir- or il-. The rules are not set rules: These plates haven’t been washed properly; they’re still dirty.
• im- before words beginning with m or p, e.g. There were only a few couples on the dance-floor.
impersonal, immortal The tide rises twice a day.
• il- before words beginning with l, e.g. illegal
• ir- with words beginning with r, e.g. irregular 3
Most compounds with non- are written with a hyphen
KEY
in British English, but not so in American English, a recipe b fast c junk d tap; still e savoury
e.g. non-alcoholic (British English) and nonalcoholic
f cook g menu; list
(American English).

Extreme adjectives 5
4 KEY
a total agreement: Absolutely!; Yes, that’s a good point;
KEY I couldn’t agree with you more.
tiny
total disagreement: Sorry, but I have to disagree with you
5 there.
b partial agreement: I guess so; I suppose so; I agree
KEY with you up to a point.
amazed: surprised freezing: cold partial disagreement: Not necessarily; I don’t know
boiling: hot furious: angry about that; I’m not sure I agree with you there.
delicious: tasty hilarious: funny
delighted: pleased huge: big 6
exhausted: tired spotless: clean
KEY
filthy: dirty terrified: scared
a learning a language and working as an au pair
6 b Students’ own answers.
KEY 7
a boiling b big c spotless d angry; hilarious
KEY
e delighted f delicious
Giving an Personally, I’d ...
Over to you opinion
7 Students’ own answers. Asking for an Would you? Why? Why would you …?
opinion Shall we agree …?
Agreeing with I think we more or less agreed; I think we
Speaking Parts 3 & 4 page 65
an opinion both thought …
I’d agree with you on …; That’s very
Think ahead true; I take your point; OK, you’ve
1 Students’ own answers. convinced me.
2 Disagreeing I’d have to disagree with you on …
KEY with an
a learning a language opinion
b backpacking
c working as an au pair Exam practice: Collaborative task &
discussion
KEY
Giving an (Personally) I think …; If you ask me Writing Part 2 – Review page 66
opinion …; I believe …; In my opinion …;
Well, I’d say … 1
Asking for an Do you agree? What do you think? KEY
opinion You have to describe and provide factual information
Agreeing with I guess so; Yes, that’s a good point; Yeah; about a hotel or guest house in your town so as to inform
an opinion No, you’re right; I agree; Ah, right; I readers. You also need to evaluate whether it is a good
suppose so place to stay at or not. This means you will look at positive
Disagreeing Not necessarily and negative points and provide a recommendation.
with an 2
opinion
KEY
4 a Positive points: it has the advantage of being just a
KEY short walk away from most of the important visitor
attractions; all the rooms have central heating and air-
Agreeing with Absolutely!; I agree with you up to a conditioning (it mentions also that air-conditioning is
an opinion point; I couldn’t agree more essential in summer); the delicious typical Turkish
Disagreeing I don’t know about that; Sorry, but I have breakfast; amazing views of the Bosphorus river; the
with an to disagree with you there; I’m not sure I friendly welcome Negative points: if you are travelling
opinion agree with you there on your own you will need to book well in advance if
you want a single room; Luxurious it isn’t; steep stairs
(and no lift)
b Situated in the historic district of Sultanahmed, Turkey;
four-storey guest house; family-run; offers a variety of

accommodation; need to book well in advance if you
want a single room; all the rooms have central heating Language of recommendation
and air-conditioning; typical Turkish breakfast consists 8
of eggs, cold meats, tomatoes and olives; breakfast
is between 8 and 10 a.m.; the kitchen is on the top KEY
floor, where you have amazing views of the Bosphorus The first sentence: It is easy to see why the Blue Mosque
river; steep stairs; no lift Guest House is a popular place for tourists to stay …
c Yes, they have.
9
d Students’ own answers.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
3 a a package holiday: I wouldn’t recommend a package
KEY holiday if you like doing your own thing on holiday,
Adjectives: easy, popular, historic, short, important, four- but otherwise I would say they are good value for
storey, family-run, single, best, delicious, typical, cold, Turkish, money.
top, amazing, luxurious, steep, friendly b a city: I recommend (name of a city), not only for its
Amazing could be replaced by: fantastic, wonderful, beautiful botanic gardens but also because there are
stunning, breathtaking so many wonderful outdoor sculptures.
c a car: I wholeheartedly recommend an electric car
as a way to decrease your ‘carbon footprint’ on
Evaluative adjectives the environment.
4 d an airline: I definitely would not recommend a budget
airline, because it packs the people in.
KEY
Positive: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, brilliant, 10
excellent, gorgeous, interesting, sensational, stunning KEY
Negative: appalling, awful, boring, depressing, disgusting, a hotel: airport shuttle; amenities; check-in / out; en-suite;
dismal, dreadful, dreary, foul, poor, tasteless, tedious, room service; single / twin / double room
terrible, vile a restaurant: à la carte menu; book a table; buffet; dessert;
house speciality; self-service; set menu; wine list
5 both: complimentary; make a reservation; staff
a a view: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, depressing,
dismal, dreadful, gorgeous, sensational, stunning,
terrible Unit 5 Review page 68
b a journey: appalling, boring, dreary,

1
interesting, sensational, tedious, terrible
c food: appalling, awful, disgusting, dreadful, KEY
excellent, interesting, sensational, tasteless, terrible, 1 where 2 who 3 were 4 as 5 well 6 there
vile 7 but / whereas / while / whilst 8 of
d the service in a restaurant: appalling, awful, brilliant,
dreadful, excellent, poor, terrible 2
KEY
Compound adjectives a 1 hadn’t rung
2 got
6 3 rushed
KEY 4 had left
four-storey; family-run 5 found
6 was lying
7 7 had packed
KEY b 1 have ever ridden
a a three-course meal (Note: in compound adjectives 2 sat
with numbers the noun is in the singular and there 3 seemed
are no apostrophes.) c 1 happened
b a five-minute walk 2 was travelling
c a no- / non-smoking restaurant 3 was driving
d overpriced food 4 was listening
e handmade goods 5 was lying
f centrally-heated rooms 6 had crashed
g locally-caught fish
3
h a tree-lined boulevard
i an all-inclusive price KEY
j a conveniently-situated hotel a over b up c in d off e off f off

Unit 6 The mind
1 KEY
KEY a indecisive b confidence c self-reliant
a ii (there are three shapes which are repeated; d dependable e Pessimists
however, in the second sequence they are
mirrored)
b Kate is the richest. (Mark and Ann are equal. They are Grammar page 71
both poorer than Kate and richer than Jack; however,

Jack is also poorer than Kate.) Gerunds
c & d Students’ own answers. 1
a thinking 1; feeling 2, 4 b eating 3 c selling 1
d recruiting and training 4
2
Think ahead
KEY
1 a Having b Remembering c Repeating / Saying
POSSIBLE ANSWERS d Writing e Forgetting
Character: personality and character will obviously
influence a person’s choices in life and their ability to get 3
on with other people and succeed. KEY
Education: standard of education is a factor in whether a at remembering / at
or not you get certain jobs, and this could have a direct memorizing b of memorizing / of
influence on your success. How you use your education remembering c in improving
is most important. d about having
Intelligence: it depends on what kind of success in what e for reminding
kind of work you seek.
Social class: this should not influence your success but 4
does in fact often have an influence. POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Upbringing: this influences one’s sense of identity and be mad about, adore, love, enjoy, be keen on, be
confidence, so it can influence success. interested in, like, dislike, have an aversion to, can’t stand,
Wealth: like social class, this should not be a factor in can’t bear, detest, hate, loathe
success but sometimes is.
Exam practice: Sentence completion Gerunds and infinitives
2
KEY 6
1 just as important as 6 teenagers. KEY
2 successful 7 higher IQ scores.
a to catch b to meet c changing d to be e losing
3 emotional self-control. 8 optimism.
f to play g to lend h driving i to understand
4 two sweets. 9 recruiting and training
j to buy
5 a third 10 pessimistic / pessimists
7
Over to you
KEY
3 Students’ own answers. a A2, B1 b A2, B1 c A1, B2 d A2, B1
Personal qualities 8
4 KEY
a to buy
KEY b to announce
Positive: confident (confidence); dependable c opening / to open
(dependability); self-reliant (self-reliance) d fidgeting / playing / reading / whispering, etc.
Negative: indecisive (indecision, indecisiveness); e agreeing
pessimistic (pessimism) f eating
g leaving
Exam practice: Key word transformation Pronunciation
9
7
KEY
1 can’t stand people interrupting KEY
2 arriving on / in time The linked words in exercise 6 work together as
3 n’t good at remembering; no good at remembering expressions while the words in exercise 7 are each
4 arranged to meet John / him important in defining the vocabulary in one way or
5 couldn’t afford to go another. In fast natural speech we link words together
6 regrets not finishing when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word
which begins with a vowel. Note:
• In the word ‘one’, the final ‘e’ is silent, so
Speaking Parts 3 & 4 page 73 effectively the word ends in a consonant.
• In a word ending in ‘r’, for example ‘far’ and
Exam practice: Collaborative task ‘mother’, the ‘r’ is not pronounced except when the
2 Students’ own answers. next word begins with a vowel, when it is pronounced
to link the two words together. For example: My
Exam skills mother and father are in their fifties.
3 8
KEY KEY
a Candidate A: many cities are huge; commuting on a First of all, because many cities nowadays are
crowded trains and buses; traffic jams in cars; worrying huge, people spend a lot of time just getting to
about getting to work on time and from their workplace.
Candidate B: tensions due to living close to each other, b People work and sleep at different times so there
e.g. working at different times; noise pollution is bound to be conflict here.
b Candidate A: materialistic society is causing
people to work more and more for the things they
want; not doing the things you want or have to
do enough Candidate B: multitasking for women; Part 6 page 74
technology causing you to work all the time
c Candidate A: cannot be too relaxed in certain jobs, Exam skills
e.g. pilots at take-off and landing, surgeons, air traffic 1
controllers; cannot be too relaxed when driving
Candidate B: should not be too relaxed during an KEY
interview He refers to Volker Sommer.
There refers to Nigeria’s Gashaka Gumti national park.
4 The former refers to the chimpanzees.
The latter refers to sticks.
KEY
His refers to Volker Sommer.
a for several reasons; because
Their refers to the ants.
b as
This refers to the behaviour of the ants, i.e. biting to
c since
defend their colony.
d not to mention
They refers to the chimpanzees.
e one of the main reasons why
f Also
g For example Exam practice: Gapped text
h for instance 2
i Not only; but also KEY
j forget about 1 G 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 F 6 C
Sentence E is not used.
5
KEY Over to you
a a reason: for several reasons, because, as, one of the main 3 Students’ own answers.
reasons, since
b an example: for example, for instance
c additional information: not to mention, also, not only Vocabulary page 76
… but also, … and we mustn’t forget about
Think ahead

2
Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
De-stress, eat healthy food and don’t eat for at least 12
two hours before you go to bed, drink hot milk before KEY
you go to bed, have a warm bath before going to bed, try 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 B
to think of restful things as you fall asleep, do enough
exercise so that you feel tired at night, etc. Over to you
3 Students’ own answers. 13 Students’ own answers.
Collocations
Writing Part 1 page 78
4
KEY Think ahead
1 soundly 2 face 3 deepest 1 & 2 Students’ own answers.
5 3
KEY KEY
a close b serious c hard d heavy e serious It is probably true to say that most people believe that
f heavy g strong if they were rich they would be happy. The question is
whether money makes people happy or whether there
6 are other factors which contribute more to happiness.
KEY There is no actual proof that being rich makes people
argue passionately sleep soundly happy. In fact, evidence seems to show the opposite: some
drink heavily think hard billionaires suffer from depression, and more than one
listen attentively work hard lottery winner has regretted their win. (example)
There are several other happiness factors we need to
7 consider. People are important. (example) Human beings
KEY are social beings and we feel happiest when we are not
a performing b acquire c say d making e chosen alone. (reason) A stable family life and a circle of good
f made friends are also important. (example) Work too can
8 make us happy. (example) If we have a job which gives
us a sense of fulfilment, this can also give us a feeling
KEY of well-being. (explanation) However, possibly it’s the
a keep b catch c caught d put e keep f putting simplest pleasures that bring us most happiness: things
9 like reading a good book or walking in the sunshine.
KEY (example)
do business with sb In summary, in my view, money may bring us short-
make a
do the cooking lived happiness. Long-term happiness depends on a
mistake make
do damage combination of other factors which will probably vary
money make a
make a decision from person to person.
noise make a
make an effort
profit make
do exercises Exam skills
progress do
make fun of sb
research make
make a fuss 4
sb an offer
do the housework
make a suggestion KEY
do a job
make trouble a Capital letters for the first letter of a first, middle
10 do your best and last name: John Paul Getty Jr.
Two commas to show additional information.
KEY Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished.
a does b making c made / make / were b Capital letter for the first letter of a sentence to
making show that it is a new sentence.
d makes / is making Capital letter for the first letter of the name of the day of
the week: Saturday.
11 Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished.
KEY c Comma to indicate a pause after Not surprisingly.
Eight d Colon to show that a list is following to further clarify
the point made in the first part of the sentence.
Commas to separate the different words in the list.

e Capital letters for the first letters of key words
which name something like a film or a prize:
Slumdog Millionaire; Oscars.
Capital letter for the first word of a new sentence: It …
Apostrophe to replace the letter i in the contraction
It’s (It is).
f Comma to separate the two different parts of the
sentence.
Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished.
5
KEY
The American rock legend Kurt Cobain was born on
February 20th 1967 in the state of Washington. He
formed Nirvana in 1987 and the band broke into the
mainstream with ‘Smells like Teen Spirit’ in 1991.
Although he went on to achieve worldwide success,
Cobain remained a deeply troubled man.
Cobain’s problems started from an early age. His
parents, who had a stormy marriage, finally divorced
when he was nine. Cobain lived first with his father, until
he remarried, and then with his mother. However, he did
not get on with his new step-father, who he couldn’t
stand.
Having got into drugs when he was still a teenager,
Cobain was never able to kick the habit. Tragically, he took
his own life in 1994. He was just 27 years of age.
Over to you
1
KEY
1 actually 2 correctly 3 limited 4 knowledge
5 sensible 6 consistent 7 scientific 8 probability
2
KEY
a to post b clearing c dealing; to work d to say
e using f to get g meeting h moving
3
KEY
a soundly b strong; strong c severe d make
e heavy f came up with g strong

Unit 7 Free time
Introduction page 81 e … anger against the bankers and politicians who(m)
2 Students’ own answers. we have blamed for our social and economic
problems.
f … unless a natural disaster of some kind sends us
Reading and Use of English back to the Stone Age …
Part 5 page 82 The changes alter the focus by changing the subject of
the sentences.
Think ahead 4
1 & 2 Students’ own answers.
KEY
a unpaid volunteers
Exam practice: Multiple choice b their (some employees’) managers
3
5
KEY
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 D KEY
a Society / people in general perform the action. This
4 is not mentioned because it is obvious / not necessary
KEY for the meaning of the sentence.
a blurring: becoming less distinct b the internet
b merging: combining and becoming one c weisure
c the economic ladder: the series of stages by d we (active sentence)
which progress is made economically e Society / people in general perform the action. This
d Stone Age: the very early period of human history when is not mentioned because it is obvious / not necessary
tools and weapons were made of stone for the meaning of the sentence.
there’s no turning back the clock: it is impossible to go f a natural disaster of some kind
back to the past
6
KEY
Grammar page 84
1 is guaranteed 6 are reserved
2 is located 7 serve
Passive verbs 3 are furnished 8 is included
1 4 have 9 be booked
5 are equipped 10 is made / will be made
KEY
a is being created: passive; present continuous 7
b are offered: passive; present simple
c will be changed: passive; future simple, will future KEY
d are losing: active; present continuous You will be met at Heathrow Airport and driven into
e have been blamed: passive; present perfect simple central London by one of our chauffeurs. You will be put
f are sent back: passive; present simple up in a five-star hotel close to Harrods, the world’s
most famous department store. A luxury suite has been
2 reserved for you on the tenth floor. In addition to this,
you will be given
KEY
£20,000 ‘pocket money’ by the competition organizers.
The passive is formed with be in the appropriate tense
This money can be spent as you like.
(present, past, etc.) and the past participle of the
main verb.
have / get something done
3
8
KEY
a We / people are creating a phenomenon called ‘weisure KEY
time’. a The professionals.
b … the internet offers many opportunities for that. b The computers. This is a passive sentence, with the
focus being on the more boring parts of some
c … what is disturbing is the idea that weisure
jobs.
will change us.
c This is a causative sentence where the focus is on
d Our so called private life is being lost (by us) …
the fact that professionals arrange or organize the
activity but do not do it themselves.

9 3
a This has a causative meaning: ‘he’ arranged for the football: football, football boots, nets
tooth to be filled. golf: golf clubs, golf balls, tees
b This has a non-causative meaning. This is motor racing: racing car, crash helmet
something which happened to him, but he did not athletics: starting blocks, starting pistol, running shoes
arrange or organize it. basketball: basketball, basketball hoops
10 cycling: bike, helmet
boxing: gloves, shorts, gum shield
KEY
a I had / got my hair cut in a completely different style 4
by the hairdresser.
b We’ve had our apartment repainted by a decorator. KEY
c I’m going to have my video repaired next week by on a pitch: football
an electrician. on a course: golf
d I’m having my jacket cleaned at a specialist cleaner’s. on a court: tennis, basketball, badminton, volleyball
e The council have just had the town hall rebuilt. on a circuit: cycling, motor racing
on a (race)track: horse racing,
11 athletics in a pool: swimming,
diving
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
in a gym: gymnastics, weightlifting
a You can have / get your teeth cleaned,
in a ring: boxing, wrestling
extracted, x-rayed, capped or crowned.
in a rink: ice skating
b People go to the hairdresser’s to have / get their
hair cut, trimmed, washed, coloured or dyed. 5
c People take their cars to garages to have / get them
repaired / checked or serviced. KEY
d You could have / get your hair cut or have / get some 1 A 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A
plastic surgery done.
Over to you
Exam practice: Open cloze
13 Speaking Part 3 page 87
KEY
2
1 yourself 2 an 3 are 4 you 5 out 6 be 7 with
8 than KEY
a Candidate B thinks that karate is a way of keeping fit,
but Candidate A thinks that karate’s like fighting, and
Vocabulary page 86 most people he knows wouldn’t be interested in that.
b Website designing and debating social and political
Think ahead issues.
1
3
KEY
A football B tennis C golf D motor racing KEY
a probably b might c I’m sure d bet e don’t quite
E athletics F basketball G cycling H boxing
know f can’t imagine g I’m absolutely certain
Sports vocabulary
Pronunciation
2
4
KEY
Someone who plays football is a footballer. KEY
a 1 nine; 2 seven; 3 eight; 4 ten; 5 nine
Someone who plays tennis is a tennis player.
Someone who plays golf is a golfer. b They are pronounced in their weak form.
(Note: in fast natural speech certain words are normally
Someone who goes motor racing is a racing
pronounced in their weak forms, unless we want to
driver. Someone who does athletics is an
stress them, in which case we use the strong form.)
athlete.
Someone who plays basketball is a basketball player.
Someone who goes cycling is a cyclist.
Someone who boxes is a boxer.

Reading and Use of English c There are alternative cheaper, quicker and more
Part 1 page 88 convenient ways of contacting people: text message,
phone, email, social networking sites. There are fewer
occasions when formal letters are expected.
Exam skills
1 Exam skills
KEY
a do b fear c capable d accused 2
KEY
2 a The main purpose of the letter is to apply for a job.
KEY b Information should include details of the applicant’s
Verbs: approve of sth; compare sth to / with sth; forgive relevant experience and suitability for this job.
sb for sth; pay for sth c The style should be rather formal, as it is an application
(Note: there is no difference in meaning between compare for a job.
to and compare with.)
Nouns: an awareness of sth; interest in sth; amazement at 3
sth; enthusiasm for sth POSSIBLE ANSWER
Adjectives: keen on sth; jealous of sb; late for sth; right The information included in the letter is relevant.
about sth This letter is an application for a job, so the style is
appropriately formal.
Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze
3 Formal vocabulary
KEY 4
1 C heading 2 A prepare 3 D break 4 B worth
5 C top 6 D talk 7 A hesitate 8 B In fact KEY
am certain: have no doubt
chosen: selected
Listening Part 1 page 89 give: provide
job: post
Think ahead like the chance: welcome the opportunity
lot of different: a wide range of
1 lucky: fortunate
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
need: require
a rock, hip hop, folk, dance, pop, easy listening, show what I can do: demonstrate my skills
reggae, trip hop tell somebody about: express
b situations might include: (night)clubs; the gym; in think: believe
shops; while travelling very interested: particularly attracted
c reasons might include: relaxation; dancing; they might
be studying music Word building
5
2 KEY
a I would welcome the chance to tell you about my past
KEY experience.
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 C b I believe my written English is excellent / of the
highest standard.
Over to you c I could provide you with the names of two referees.
3 Students’ own answers. d Please let me know if there is any other information you
require.
e I have a wide range of skills which are relevant to
Writing Part 2 – Email / letter page 90
this work.
f I have no doubt I would be suitable for this post.
Think ahead g If I’m lucky enough to be selected for interview.
h I could come at any time which is convenient for you.
1
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a job applications, complaints, enquiries, correspondence
with professionals
b Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Letter
6
KEY
a available time (10–20 hours a
week) interest in paid holiday
work
experience of working with young people
b The style would be formal.
c, d, e Students’ own answers.
1
KEY
1 unless I’m doing
2 ‘ll be given instructions
3 ‘re having our car serviced
4 not worth being worried about / not worth
worrying about
5 were out of order / were not in working order
6 took me five minutes to
2
KEY
a A middle-aged woman was caught stealing a bag
of potatoes.
b The manager of the store was informed and the
police were called.
c The police arrived and the woman was taken to the
police station.
d She will probably be charged with shoplifting.
e This is not the first time the woman has been arrested.
f On the last occasion, she was fined £200.
3
KEY
a court; racket
b pitch; net
c gloves; ring
d course; club
e rink;
skates

Unit 8 Media
Introduction page 93 c ‘I’ll show you (my brother) how to do it tomorrow.’
d ‘We’re losing sales because people aren’t buying CDs
1 any more.’
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Top left to bottom right: 2
a Photo 1: computers offer access to all kinds of media KEY
– email, internet, radio, TV, etc. Wi-fi connections a The tense is generally moved one step back in time.
and internet telephone services such as Skype b The reporting verb is in the present. Consequently, the
make computers one of the most effective means of other tenses have not changed. This implies that the
communication. situation is true in the present.
Photo 2: newspapers are still popular but less
effective than they were in the past as a means of 3
communicating up-to-date news and other factual KEY
information. The internet and social networking a She said she’d always found what she was looking
media are taking over the news reporting function of for. b He said he was messaging his older brother who
newspapers. was in Thailand. / He says he’s messaging his older
Photo 3: tablets are getting more and more popular. brother
They offer access to the internet, TV and all sorts of who is in Thailand.
other possibilities. Tablet technology is developing c She said it took her half an hour to get there on the bus
extremely rapidly. and the shops were always really crowded. / She says it
Photo 4: despite the growth of modern technology, takes her half an hour to get there on the bus and the
radio is still a popular communication medium, shops are always really crowded.
especially digital radio and podcasts (radio broadcasts
on the internet). Reporting questions
4
Listening Part 3 page 94 KEY

The word order changes so that the subject comes before
the verb, just like in an affirmative sentence. Have you got
Think ahead becomes (Mick asked) if they had and When did you order
1 Students’ own answers. becomes (My friend asked me) when I had ordered. It is
often necessary to change pronouns to the third person
Exam practice: Multiple matching form (he, she, it and they).
2
5
KEY
Speaker 1: G KEY
Speaker 2: E We use if in reported yes / no questions. If can be
Speaker 3: F replaced by whether: Mick asked whether they had the CD
Speaker 4: A in stock.
Speaker 5: C
6
B, D and H are not used.
KEY
Over to you a The girl asked him if he had an email address.
b Val asked Rob if / whether he used the internet.
c Nick asked me how long I had been interested in jazz.
d Rachel asked Sharon which of her old school friends
Grammar page 95 she had contacted.
e Julie asked Tim if he would like to contact people he
Reporting statements had been with at primary school.
f Juan asked Maria if / whether she could show him
1 how to use the printer.
g Ali asked his father if / whether he could take him to
the station.
KEY
a ‘The information is almost always out of date.’
b ‘I once spent five hours looking for information.’

Time references 12
7 KEY
a ‘Bob, I’m leaving tomorrow,’ she said.
KEY
b ‘Leave me alone, Bob,’ she said.
a Lizzie told Ben (we don’t know which day) she would
c ‘Why did you do it?’ she asked Bob.
see him the next day.
d She asked Bob, ‘Can you leave your keys?’
b Lizzie told Ben (today) she would see him tomorrow.
e ‘Don’t try and get in touch,’ she warned Bob.
Sentence b can only be used if it is used on the same
f ’You should try and forget her,’ Alan advised Bob.
day as when the original statement was made.
g ‘I think we should talk it over,’ she suggested.
8 h ‘You should leave,’ they suggested.
KEY Exam practice: Key word transformation

last week: the previous week / the week before
next month: the following month / the next month 13
now: then KEY
three days ago: three days before / three days earlier 1 warned us against swimming / warned us not to swim
today: that day 2 advised Pete against buying / advised Pete not to buy
tomorrow: the next day / the following day 3 told Claire to take
tonight: that night 4 asked John if he could
yesterday: the previous day / the day before 5 offered to pick Tracy up
6 said (that) he would see
Other references
9 Speaking Part 2 page 97
KEY 3
a The determiner this changes to the.
b The place reference here changes to there. KEY
a Language for giving reasons / explanations: the main
10 reason … is that …
Language for giving opinions: I (don’t) think; to my mind;
For me; In my opinion it’s; I’d say; I also think.
b
KEY
a Marsha asked Mr Hunt if the work had to be finished c Language for talking about appearances: because of
that day. its size; the way it goes from the top … to the bottom; it
b Mr Gilbert asked if / whether there had been any phone looks so …; that guy looks …; … is a bit lost where it
calls for him the day before. is.
c The police officer informed Ian that the car had been
stolen two weeks earlier. Over to you
d Dorothy said (that) she had written to her the previous
week / the week before and that she had phoned 5
that morning.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
e Matthew said (that) he had arranged to meet them after a The advertisements are designed to appeal to the
lunch the next day. type of people who buy these kinds of
products. Advertisement 1 is by Nike, a company
Reporting functions that sells sports clothes and equipment, so it is
designed to attract the attention of people who are
11
interested in sport by showing a famous
KEY sportsperson in action. Advertisement 2 is for
1 In sentence a, after told Bob, there is a complete Gap, a clothing line, so it is targeted at fashion-
clause: she was leaving the next day, which is a conscious young people.
reported statement. In sentence b, after told Bob, b Both advertisements work by trying to get people to
there is associate the product with certain qualities and
an infinitive structure: to leave her alone, which is a values rather than by obviously encouraging people
reported command. to buy the product. The Nike advert associates the
2 In sentence c, after asked Bob, there is a complete brand name with the power of an American footballer
clause: why he had done it, which is a reported in action; the Gap image, showing a beautiful,
question. In sentence b, after asked Bob, there is an casually dressed young woman, associates the brand
infinitive structure: to leave his keys, which is a name with style and casual self-confidence.
reported request.
3 The infinitive is used.
4 The gerund (see g) or a complete clause (see h) can be
used after suggest.

Vocabulary page 98 Exam practice: Word formation
7
Compound nouns
KEY
1 1 retirement 2 rioters 3 Certainly 4 pleasant
KEY 5 personal 6 elections 7 dangerous 8 predictable
a noun + noun
b verb + noun d verb + preposition Over to you
c adjective + noun e preposition + verb
2
KEY
Part 6 page 100
The first part of a compound noun gets the stress, i.e. the
sound on the first part of the compound noun is longer
and louder. Think ahead
3
2
KEY
news editor: noun + noun KEY
crime rate: noun + noun The writer feels sad but not surprised: I find this sad
break-ins: verb + but not surprising. In the rest of the article it becomes
preposition clear that the writer feels that the disappearance of
tourist robberies: noun + noun print is inevitable, and he recognizes that the changes in
community service: noun + his own habits are contributing to it.
noun participation rate: noun
+ noun clean-up: verb + Exam practice: Gapped text
preposition 3
4 KEY
1 B: The sentence Until quite recently … expands on
KEY the first sentence of the first paragraph … such
caretaker; computer programmer; newsreader; police an
officer; shop assistant; television reporter; university important feature of our everyday life. The next sentence
lecturer presents a contrast to this status quo: Now, however,
5 more and more people …
2 F: The sentence Like many others of my generation
KEY …, follows up the personal reaction, I find this sad …
a mass media f current affairs And the following sentence provides more
b press conference g talk show information on the same subject: When I was a child,
c eyewitness h headline my father would …
d newsagent’s i remote control 3 A: The missing sentence, This is because I can find all
e soap opera j foreign correspondent the news and information I need, provides a reason
for the information in the first sentence of the
Pronunciation paragraph: Now I’m an adult, I hardly ever buy a
newspaper.
6 4 D: The missing sentence provides an explanation
KEY for why people are buying fewer printed
The stressed component of each compound noun is materials: For some people, it is simply more
shown in bold in the audioscript below. convenient …. The next sentence focuses on other
people: Others, however, actually seem to prefer
the digital format.
5 G: The missing sentence provides an explanation for the
Audioscript 2•06 fact that companies are spending less on publicizing
mass media their businesses in newspapers and the following
press sentence provides further information on the same
conference issue.
eyewitness 6 E: The missing sentence gives support to the
newsagent’s writer’s view that print material will not completely
soap opera disappear in the near future, and gives a simple
current explanation for this: Many people still prefer print for
affairs talk the very simple reason that …
show Sentence C is not used.
headline
so and such • celebrities would like personal information to be
4 kept secret
c The writer’s opinions are expressed in paragraph 4: the
KEY
public has the right to know how celebrities live
Both so and such are used for emphasis.
their lives, but celebrities should have some privacy
So is used before:
and should be able to protect their families from the
• adjectives (e.g. so cheap)
press.
• many + plural countable noun (e.g. so many books)
d The style is appropriate, in that it is formal.
• much (of) + uncountable noun (e.g. so much of
their income)
Such is used before: Connecting ideas
• noun phrases (which may include an article 3
and an adjective, e.g. such an important feature)
KEY
5 1 whereas / although 2 On the one hand 3 On the
other hand 4 however 5 In fact 6 On balance
KEY
a so b such c so d so e Such 7 although
6 4
KEY
KEY
such a lot of people so little time a as well as (that), besides (this), what is more
so few cars so many people b by contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary
such hot weather so much money c in conclusion, in short, on the whole, to summarize
such little ears such tall buildings
Avoiding repetition
Over to you 5
KEY
a famous people
Writing Part 1 page 102 b newspapers
c the points of view of famous people and newspapers
Exam skills d celebrities
e newspapers
1 f famous people
g stars
KEY
a Start with a statement of the subject of the essay and h the idea expressed in the previous sentence: stars
finish with a summary of your opinion. should have some privacy, especially to protect
members of their families
b The best way of answering is by giving both sides of
the argument. 6
c Formal (essays are considered to be academic writing).
KEY
2 a The first to refer back to the phrase two examples in
the previous sentence
KEY
b such actions to refer back to Some famous people
a Paragraph 1 states the two sides of the argument: the
take newspapers to court
view of famous people and the view of the press.
c They: the photographers
Paragraph 2 expands on the press’ point of view.
she: the princess
Paragraph 3 focuses on the ambivalent position of
there: outside the nightclub
famous people who want attention when they are not
then: on Friday night
famous and privacy when they are.
Paragraph 4 expresses the view of the writer. d their and They: celebrities
b The main points made in paragraph 2 concern the 7
advantages of having a free press, from the point of the
newspapers. The particular things newspapers claim POSSIBLE ANSWER
the public has a right to know about are: Repetition makes writing sound childish because ideas
• wrong-doings of celebrities (claimed to be appear not to be linked up in a way which demonstrates
most important) clear analysis. Writing with a lot of repetition may also
• how celebrities spend their money result in a lot of short unconnected sentences.
• celebrities’ love lives
The main points made in paragraph 3 concern the
disadvantages of a free press for celebrities, who argue
that they have a right to a private life like anyone else:

1
KEY
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 A
2
KEY
Jayne said she was going on holiday the following /
next day.
Ben asked (her) if she was going anywhere special.
Jayne replied that she was going to Australia and that
she would be staying in Perth for a week and then going
on to Sydney.
Ben asked (her) who she was going with.
Jayne replied that she was going with two friends from
work.
3
KEY
a Ben: I’ve always wanted to go to Australia.
b Jayne: Would you like to go with us?
c Ben: I certainly would.
d Jayne: I’ll see if there are any places left on the flight.
e Ben: I’m not sure if I can afford it.
f Jayne: I can lend you the money.
4
KEY
a so b so c such d such e so

Unit 9 Around us
a 2 b 3 c 2
Introduction page 105
1
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Extreme weather conditions create difficulties precisely
because they are extreme and so the human body has
to find ways to adapt in order to survive. For
example, extreme heat can make it difficult for people
to work or
sleep. It can create an increased risk of skin problems and
some infectious diseases.
Extreme cold can cause hypothermia so people have
to wear many layers of warm clothes. Travelling can
be hazardous. Some machines cannot work at low
temperatures.
2
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a Flooding would probably affect more people because
more people have their homes near rivers than in or
near forests. Flooding destroys lives and property. Many
people drown or are injured in floods. Sewage can
come to the surface of streets and so on and this can
cause illnesses. Mosquitoes and other such disease-
carrying creatures thrive in still, wet conditions. Homes
and vehicles are damaged or destroyed. Electrical
plants and other facilities may be disrupted.
Fires destroy animals and plants. Many trees, which are
so necessary for our environment, can be destroyed.
b Flooding can be avoided by controlling the
flow of water into rivers, and by the careful
planning of
buildings, taking their effect on the environment into
account.
Forest fires can be avoided by increasing restrictions
on what people can do in dry areas, such as
lighting camp fires. But sometimes the fires can be
started by lightning, which is unavoidable. People
can also try to avoid forest fires by building homes
well away from woodland. Keeping strips of land
free of trees in forested areas can limit the spread
of a fire; and
ensuring that there are adequate supplies of water to
douse fires in high-risk areas can also help to limit the
damage fires cause. Fire alarms, fire hydrants and so on
must always be kept in good condition.

Part 5 page 106
Think ahead
1
KEY

3
1 D 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 A KEY
Word building
4
compete: competition KEY
erupt: eruption (x8)
evacuate: evacuation
fascinate: fascination
migrate: migration
populate: population
(x3)
They are all formed with the suffix -tion, added to the root
verb.
5
act: active (x3) system: systematic KEY
danger: dangerous volcano: volcanic
(x3) destroy: destructive
6
a scientific b migration c systematic d fascination KEY
e devastation f active
Over to you
Grammar page 108
Relative clauses
1
a which; which / that b who / that KEY
2
The speaker has one sister in sentence b. KEY
The speaker has more than one sister in sentence
a. The information in the relative clause is
essential in sentence a.
3
a defining b non-defining c non-defining KEY
d non-defining e defining f defining

4
Vocabulary page 110
KEY
In sentences a and e, who / which can be replaced with
that.
Think ahead
5
2
KEY
a where b when c why KEY
The relative pronoun can be left out of sentence c. The article says that greenhouse gas emissions (carbon
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide) and
6 tropical deforestation are to blame for climate change.
KEY
The sentences with whom are more formal than the Dependent prepositions
sentences with who. You use whom, not who, immediately 3
after a preposition.
7 KEY
consequences for; responsible for; leads to
KEY
a Tornadoes, which are commonly known as ‘twisters’ in 4
the USA, are a common phenomenon in the
KEY
American Midwest. agreement on; anger at; ban on; cure for; damage to; effect
b Scientists and amateur tornado chasers alike flock to on; respect for; tax on; threat to
Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas in the months of May a cure for c respect for
and June when tornadoes are most likely to occur. b threat to d tax on
c Eric Rasmussen, who is a world authority on tornadoes,
does most of his work here where 78% of the world’s 5
tornadoes occur.
d The scientists whose mission it is to find out more about KEY
tornadoes can only predict where they might form. a to, to b of, to c of, to, for d for
e The people who / that go in search of the tornadoes 6
often have a wasted journey.
f The damage that / which a tornado causes can be KEY
appeal to insist on
immense. believe in invest in
g One of the worst recorded events was in March 1925, complain about result in
when nearly 700 people lost their lives. contribute to sympathize with
h On that day the Midwest was hit by seven depend on
tornadoes, affecting an area that / which covered
over 320 km. 7
i Rescue workers found buildings where people had
KEY
lived and worked completely demolished. a 3 on each other for survival
j No one yet knows the reason why there has been such
a
big increase in the number of tornadoes in the last few b 5 to the destruction of the tropical rainforest
years. c 1 in recycling schemes
Relative pronouns can be omitted in sentences a and f. d 2 about pollution
(Note: in sentence a ‘which are‘ would need to be e 4 with people who live near big airports
omitted.)
8 Exam practice: Key word transformation
KEY 8
The farmers were more responsible than the weather
KEY
for the devastation of the Great Plains. They dug up the
1 a ban on cars
grass, and this meant there was nothing to anchor the soil,
2 to make an investment in
which turned to dust during hot weather and was blown
3 be incapable of changing
away by strong winds.
4 result in a saving of / result in you saving
5 have a negative effect on
Exam practice: Open cloze 6 is anger about / at / over plans
9
KEY
1 by 2 and 3 for 4 there 5 which 6 as 7 in
8 of
Think ahead
2
KEY
a breezy; close; dull; freezing; humid; overcast; showery
b cosmopolitan; bustling; dull; historic; industrial;
Think ahead
provincial; sprawling; vibrant 1
Other adjectives for the weather: cold, dry, hot,
stormy, unpredictable, windy, wintry, etc. KEY
Other adjectives for towns / cities: busy, historic, a & b Students‘ own answers.
interesting, sleepy, etc. c Air travel has a negative effect on the environment
because aircraft engines emit noise, disturbing wildlife
3
and natural habitats, and have high levels of CO2
KEY emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse
a See audioscript below for examiner’s questions and effect. The ways to reduce this are discussed in the
candidates’ answers. audio and include improving the efficiency of
b Students’ own answers. airplane engines so they consume less fuel and also
using alternative, more environmentally-friendly
fuels. Environmental protection groups suggest that
fuel should be taxed to make flying more expensive
Audioscript 2•07
so that people will fly less in future: at the moment,
Examiner Where are you from, Manoulis?
flying is the fastest growing
Manoulis I come from Athens in Greece.
form of travel. They also recommend that governments
Examiner First we’d like to know something about you.
should encourage people to travel less and choose
Clara, what kind of weather do you like best?
alternative forms of transport.
Clara I like hot, sunny weather best.
Examiner Why?
Clara Because I like doing things outside, like going to
the beach with my friends or just sitting in an open-air 2
café having a cola and chatting to them. Things like KEY
that. 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 B
Examiner Manoulis, how do you spend your free time
when the weather is bad? Travel collocations
Manoulis If it’s cold and wet, I don’t usually go out. I stay
at home and maybe watch a DVD, play my guitar or 3
listen to music in my room. But if the weather has been
KEY
bad for a few days, I’ll probably go out – shopping or to
the cinema board: get on
– ’cos I’ll be bored staying at home. disembark: get off
land: touch down
Examiner Clara, what’s your hometown like?
Clara I live in Barcelona. It’s a very cosmopolitan city. 4
Parts of the city are very modern, but it also has a
historic old quarter with narrow streets. You can find all KEY
sorts of small shops, bars and restaurants there. It’s a a touched down / landed
vibrant city with plenty to do and see. b disembark; board
Examiner Manoulis, how has your town changed in c get on; get off
recent years?
Manoulis It looks much nicer than it used to because
5
the local council have cleaned all the old buildings. KEY
And the town centre has been pedestrianized so it’s disembark: a plane; c ship
much nicer to go shopping there now. They’ve also land: a plane
built another multi- storey car park so parking in the touch down: a plane
board: a plane; b bus; c ship; d train
Pronunciation
Writing Part 2 – Report page 114
4
KEY Think ahead
a DVD (rise), guitar (rise), music (fall)
b shops (rise), bars (rise), restaurants (fall) 1
5 KEY
a water heating: C lighting: D
KEY
cooking: A appliances: E
a eat (rise); TV (rise); homework (fall)
space heating: B
b milk (rise); sugar (rise); rice (fall)
c starters (rise); main (rise); dessert (fall)

2 b Shopping is done in out-of-town supermarkets by
KEY most people.
a False. Whatever type of light bulb you have, the rule c could
is that the longer the light is on, the more energy it
uses. The energy used to switch a light on and off is 7
less than that of leaving it on, so switching lights off KEY
when you leave the room saves energy. a If more solar panels were installed, less electricity would
b True. About 90% of the energy traditional incandescent be used from non-renewable resources like coal, natural
light bulbs use is given off as heat, and only about gas and oil.
10% results in light. b Fast-food outlets should be obliged by councils to clear
c False. Traditional light bulbs are much cheaper to buy up the packaging that people drop.
than the other two. LED lights are the most expensive c One way money can be saved and the
to buy but last much longer. Generally speaking, all environment helped is by turning down the
energy-saving light bulbs last 10 times longer thermostat on your heating / by having the
than traditional light bulbs but more importantly thermostat on your heating turned down.
use up to 80% less electricity. d Metal cutlery should be used instead of
d True. And it costs twice as much if you wash the clothes disposable cutlery, which is usually plastic.
in hot water compared with washing them at 30 °C. e Your tap water could be filtered if you don’t like
e False. Modern energy-efficient dishwashers can use up the taste.
to 35% less water and use less energy as long as f Your old computer shouldn’t be thrown away. It can be
you run them with a full load. recycled by certain companies.
f False. You can save up to 10% on your energy bills
by switching these off at the plug. If left on standby,
they use around 80% of their full power. Unit 9 Review page 116
g False. The screensaver uses just as much energy as
when you are working, so if you are leaving your 1
desk, KEY
e.g. for a meeting, the best thing to do is to switch off 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 B
your computer screen (monitor).
2
Writing a report KEY
Mount Vesuvius, which is situated near the Bay of Naples,
3 is one of the world’s most famous active volcanoes.
KEY The Romans, who believed it to be extinct, built the
Typical features of a report: formal language, city of Pompeii in its shadow. The violent eruption
headings, bulleted lists (but not always), suggestions, which / that took place in AD 79 proved them
recommendations wrong.
The eruption, which happened when no one was
4 expecting it, has gone down as one of the worst in
KEY recorded history. It happened during the daytime when
1 d 2 c 3 a 4 e people were going about their daily lives.
The remains of the 2,000 inhabitants of Pompeii who /
5 that did not escape lay forgotten for centuries. When
excavation began in the eighteenth century, the remains
KEY
were found of a much-loved family dog whose collar
a Yes, it is appropriately formal and informative, with
bore an inscription saying that he twice saved his
a suitable format. It takes its reader into account in
owner’s life.
an appropriate manner.
b Yes, it answers both parts of the question. 3
c The headings make the report easy to follow, as do
the numbered lists (although these could be better KEY
constructed as paragraphs). a in b at c to d of; of e to f on
Impersonal language
6
KEY
a … cars are used … Public transport is greatly under-used
… fruit and vegetables bought are imported … have the
food delivered … these would not need to be flown …
All the above recommendations could be
implemented …

Unit 10 Innovation
Introduction page 117 Exam skills
1 4
POSSIBLE ANSWERS KEY
a The muffin tray is being used to keep things in; it would 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A
originally have been used to make muffins in.
The suitcases are being used as a table; they would Exam practice: Multiple matching
originally have been used to pack clothes in.
The half tyre is being used as a plant box; it would 5
originally have been a part of a car. KEY
The popcorn is being used to protect a gift; it would 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 B
originally have been eaten. 10 D
The jar is being used as a candle holder; it would
originally have been used to keep jam and other Over to you
foodstuffs in. 6 Students’ own answers.
The empty bottles are being used as decoration; they
would originally have been used to keep drinks like
wine in. Grammar page 120
c Muffin tray: to plant seeds in / to keep earrings Wishes and regrets
in Suitcases: to keep toys in
1
Half tyre: as a swing / upside down as something
to practise getting a golf ball through / to play KEY
croquet Popcorn: to make garlands with a The past, but still continuing into the present. The verb
Jar: to keep buttons in tense after wished is could + infinitive.
Empty bottles: to paint and use as decoration / to make b The past. The verb tense after wish is past
lamps perfect negative: they hadn’t tried.
c The present (and into the future). The verb tense after
wish is past simple: was / were.
2
Part 7 page 118
KEY
Think ahead A wish about a present or future situation is expressed
with a past tense. A wish about a past situation is
1 expressed with a past perfect tense.
Would or wouldn’t are used after wish to complain about a
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
present situation.
The armchair is made from bamboo, wood and rattan.
a conditional tense is used to express desire / want
The scarves are made from cotton, linen and silk.
b conditional tense (negative) to express irritation
The cutlery is made from steel; the napkin is made from
linen. 3
2 KEY
Sentence b with if only expresses the stronger regret.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
bamboo: furniture, garden walls, room dividers 4
cotton: bandages, blankets and bed sheets, clothes,
cotton wool, soft furnishings, towels POSSIBLE ANSWERS
linen: bed sheets, clothes, curtains, table cloths a I wish I had straight hair / earned more money / lived
rattan: furniture sunshades nearer the city centre, etc.
silk: bicycle tyres (in the past), clothes, kites (because silk b I wish I had travelled more / had had more confidence
is very light but very strong), parachutes in myself / hadn’t given up piano lessons, etc.
steel: cars, machines and tools, buildings, cooking utensils c I wish he wouldn’t always arrive late / would tell
wood: boats, bowls, doors, furniture, houses, plates and me when he was going out, etc.
cups, roofs, shutters, tools and utensils of all kinds

I’d rather and it’s time … recorded in a much more precise, quicker and cheaper
way. It has also influenced entertainment in the form of
5 film.
KEY Before the light bulb was invented, people used candles
a When expressing a preference about one’s own and fuel lamps for light. Its invention extended working
action(s), one uses I’d rather + present simple of hours and leisure time.
verb, Before the mobile phone was invented, you had to try
e.g. I’d rather eat vegetables than meat. and find a telephone booth which wasn’t vandalized and
b When expressing a preference about somebody else’s have enough change in your pocket or an appropriate
action, one uses I’d rather + subject pronoun to refer to phone card with credit on it. Mobile phones, and
the other person + past simple of verb, e.g. I’d rather smartphones, have developed into very sophisticated
she waited till later. devices, which have revolutionized the way we
communicate with friends and family and also for work.
6 Before the invention of the motor car, the most
KEY common forms of land transportation were by foot, by
Sentence a (It’s time the children went to bed.) suggests horse, or by train. The invention of the motor car has
more urgency. It’s time + past subjunctive expresses that enabled people to travel more often and further, both
something should be done and that it is already a bit late. for work and for leisure.
Sentence b (It’s time for the children to go to bed.) is less Before the printing press was invented, books were
urgent. The right time has arrived for something, but written by hand. Printing has affected the way we live by
we are still in time – the infinitive is used rather than the enabling easier distribution of and access to information
past tense. in the form of books, magazines and newspapers.
2
7
a to go b met c had / got d told, told e took A Rollers in a clothes wringer (or mangle): wet clothes are
f leave; did g tidied (up) put between the rollers, which are turned so as to wring
the water out of the clothes.
B Handle on clothes wringer: the handle is used to
Reading and Use of English press the rollers together so as to get water out of
Parts 2 & 4 page 121 wet, washed clothes.
C Microwave: used for heating or reheating food.
Exam practice: Key word transformation D Kettle: used for heating water for hot drinks or cooking.
1 3
KEY KEY
1 wish you wouldn’t leave The candidate only knows the word ‘handle’ out of the
2 he’d remembered to send things mentioned in exercise 2.
3 ’d left / gone to bed earlier
4 she was / were as tall as Exam skills
5 only I hadn’t told
6 ’d rather you washed up 4
Exam practice: Open cloze KEY
2 a washing clothes e looks

b machines f quite relaxed
KEY
c by hand g creative; improve
1 ones / those / what 5 they
d get the water out of h nicer to do
2 could 6 without
3 but 7 one 5
4 to 8 had
POSSIBLE ANSWER
The candidates try to describe the item when they do not

Speaking Part 2 know what the item is called. Sometimes the candidates
page 122
describe the function of the item.
Think ahead
1 Over to you
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Before the camera was invented, the only possible way of
keeping images of anything was by drawing or painting
them. Photography has allowed images of our lives to
be

Vocabulary page 123 Exam practice: Sentence completion
1 3
KEY KEY
Products are sometimes named after their inventors. 1 the television 6 neighbours
Sometimes they are purely descriptive – describing what 2 a foreign language 7 household tasks
something does or how something does what it does. 3 difficult economic 8 more leisure time
Sometimes products are named by combining clever 4 bread machines 9 pleased
words or sounds together, or by using initials or 5 excitement 10 functions
acronyms. However, sometimes a name can have an
unfortunate meaning in a different language, so this Over to you
aspect of naming needs to be researched carefully if a 4 Students’ own answers.
product is expected to sell in that market.
2 Students’ own answers. Vocabulary page 125
Adjective suffixes Think ahead

KEY 2
The adjective descriptive is related to the noun description
and the verb describe. The suffix -ive is added to the KEY
root word. jigsaw family: a family in which two or more sets of
The adjective automatic is related to the noun automation children from previous relationships live together
and the verb automate. The prefix auto- means to work agritourism: holidays where tourists visiting a country stay
alone, without any person being involved. with local people who live in the countryside
The adjective mechanical is related to the noun mechanic. chatterboxing: the activity of using a platform such as
The suffix -al is added to the noun. Twitter to comment on what you are watching on TV
The adjective careful is related to the noun / verb care. cyberbullying: the use of electronic communication to
The suffix -ful is added to the root word. intimidate someone
The adjective disastrous is related to the noun disaster. glocalization: the adaptation of products to suit local and
The suffix -ous is added to the root word. global markets
The adjective speedy is related to the noun / verb speed.
The suffix -y is added to the root word. Compound adjectives
The adjective reliable is related to the noun reliability and
the verb rely. The suffix -able is added to the root word.
3
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
4 labour-saving: device
KEY mass-produced: product
a sticky home-made: cake
b useful, useless user-friendly: instructions
c fashionable, stretchy cold-blooded: person
d creative, original hard-wearing: furniture
e protective, scientific, dangerous last-minute: holiday
4
Exam practice: Word formation
5 KEY
a low-fat spread / yogurt
KEY b sugar-free chewing gum
1 official 5 unfortunately c high-risk investment
2 costly 6 competitors d short-sleeved shirt
3 worthwhile 7 refinements e part-time job
4 sale 8 advice
Pronunciation
6
KEY
Think ahead well-educated hard-working
2 Students’ own answers. open-minded quick-tempered
self-motivated hard-headed / level-headed

Writing Part 2 – Review page 126 6
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Exam skills a predictable
1 b spectacular / stunning
c amateurish / unconvincing / wooden
KEY d entertaining
King Kong (1933, Merian C Cooper and Ernest B e over-complicated
Schoedsack) was a landmark horror / action film. It
used animation to create many of the scenes involving 7
dinosaurs and the giant gorilla Kong.
KEY
Jurassic Park: it was the first time that dinosaur simulations Books: author, chapter, plot, published, scene, series
were able to interact with human actors. Also, the Concerts: choreography, conductor, lighting, orchestra
marketing costs for this film exceeded the costs to make Films: acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting,
the film in a way that had never happened before. plot, released, scene, scenery, series, special effects, stunt,
Toy Story: the toys had personalities and volition of their soundtrack
own. The CGI effects were innovative. Music: album, conductor, lyrics, orchestra, released,
2 soundtrack, track
Musicals: cast, choreography, conductor, costumes,
POSSIBLE ANSWERS design, director, lighting, lyrics, orchestra, plot, scene,
Early innovations in movie history include the use of soundtrack, special effects
sound, the first ‘talking’ pictures; early animation and Plays: act, acting, cast, costumes, design, director,
the transition from black-and-white to colour film. More lighting, plot, scene, scenery, special effects, stunt
recent innovations include 3D technology, the use of TV: acting, cast, commentary, costumes, design, director,
digital movie cameras and combining animation with episode, series, special effects, stunt
real actors. Movie-making technology is developing
rapidly with ‘special effects’ in particular becoming
ever more dramatic, and this seems likely to continue into Unit 10 Review page 128
the future.
1
3 KEY
POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1 controversial 2 contribution 3 choice / choosing
a Normally, a film review contains a brief synopsis of the 4 announcement 5 latest 6 criticisms 7 traditional
contents of the story, without giving away the end, 8 argument
and the reviewer’s opinion of the film’s strengths
and weaknesses, all of which are included here. 2
However, a film critic often also comments on the KEY
performance of individual actors and actresses in a a hadn’t lost b wouldn’t interrupt c could go
movie, which is missing from this review. d had met e didn’t have, had f had applied
b The review is written in an informal, chatty style. g left h got i didn’t bring j told
c The highest possible number of stars.
Evaluative adjectives
4
KEY
Positive evaluative adjectives in review: best, fantastic,
magical, state-of-the-art, stunning, uplifting
5
KEY
Positive evaluative adjectives: clever, entertaining,
exciting, first rate, funny, hilarious, original, spectacular,
witty, wonderful
Negative evaluative adjectives: amateurish, disappointing,
dull, fake, over-complicated, over-long, predictable,
unconvincing, wooden

Unit 11 Communication
1 Students’ own answers. POSSIBLE ANSWERS
3 Students’ own answers. b If I have good news to pass on, I normally phone all
my friends.
c If someone has upset me, I buy myself something
Reading and Use of English nice like a new phone app.
Part 6 page 130 d If I need a friend’s advice, I talk to my brother or friends
I trust the most.
Think ahead e If I want to apologize for something I’ve done,
1 I sometimes buy the person a coffee or a bunch
of flowers.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Top left to bottom right: 6
1 happiness 2 concern / interest 3 anger
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
4 thoughtfulness 5 surprise / pleasure 6 confusion a If you play computers for too long, you’ll damage
2 Students’ own answers. your eyes. (Type 1)
b If you don’t go to bed earlier, you’ll be too tired to
Exam practice: Gapped text study. (Type 1)
3 c If you lend me your car for the evening, I’ll take you
out for a meal tomorrow. (Type 1)
KEY
d I’d spend more time at home if the neighbours weren’t
1 B 2 G 3 F 4 A 5 E 6 D so noisy. (Type 2)
Sentence C is not used.
Conditional 3
Over to you
7
If you had given (past perfect) me your number, I would
KEY
have sent (would + has / have + past participle) you a text
Grammar page 132
message.
Conditionals 0, 1 and 2 8
1 Type 3 conditional sentences are used to imagine different
KEY KEY
possible results related to a situation in the past which
Type 0: present simple, present simple cannot be changed.
Type 1: present simple, will +
infinitive Type 2: past simple, would + 9
infinitive b Sorry, but I would have contacted you if I had received
your text message.
2 POSSIBLE
c Sorry, IANSWERS
wouldn’t have been late if there hadn’t been
KEY a traffic jam.
a Type 2 b Type 0 c Type 1 d If I’d known when your birthday was, I’d have
bought you a present.
3 e If we hadn’t got home so late, we could have watched a
KEY DVD together.
a future possibility b imaginary / impossible
4
KEY
a If the situation arises (and this is likely to happen),
the speaker in the first sentence is more sure of 10
the desire to work abroad than the speaker in the POSSIBLE ANSWER
second sentence. If I had been Jill Frame, I wouldn’t have crossed the
b If the situation arises (and this is not very likely to motorway. If I had been her, I would have waved to
happen), the speaker in the first sentence is more sure passing motorists until one of them phoned the
of the desire to work abroad than the speaker in police.
the second sentence.

Mixed conditionals Confusing verbs: hope, wait, expect, look
11 forward to
KEY 2
a The holiday has already happened.
KEY
b They haven’t gone on holiday yet.
a 3 b 4 c 2 d 1
12
3
a I wouldn’t be at a waiting for d hope you’ll like
university b I’d be in the b expecting e expecting
Caribbean now c I’d be able c looking forward to gettingf looking forward to
to buy a new car
d I’d be earning less money today Showing you are listening
e I wouldn’t have to work
f I wouldn’t be here today 5
KEY
unless, as long as, provided that a The candidates say that volunteering is a good way
13 to meet people, as you work with other volunteers
who have similar interests to you and there is an
KEY incentive to get on with your colleagues. The fact
a Unless you work harder, you’ll fail your exams. that you
b You’ll pass your driving test as long as you are not working for money means there will be less
practise enough. competition.
c You can borrow my car provided that you buy your b The candidates say that you do not really know if
own petrol. someone is a friend until you meet them. You can
d You can’t / mustn’t phone me unless you have think someone is a friend on a website but change
some important news. your mind when you meet them in person. Also, social
networking sites don’t help when you have moved to
14 a new place.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
b I’ll never speak to you again unless you take back what Question tags
you just said / apologize / say you are sorry.
c I’ll lend you the money you need as long as you pay 6
me back next week / promise to pay me back as soon KEY
as you have the money. a aren’t they? b do they? c don’t they?
d haven’t you? e aren’t you? f can’t they?
Exam practice: Key word transformation g doesn’t it?
15
KEY Pronunciation
1 in spite of the dreadful
7
2 hadn’t gone off
3 lend you my phone provided KEY
4 are responsible for cooking Intonation usually falls for question tags when you expect
5 had I not worn / if I hadn’t worn agreement and rises when you are not sure of the answer.
6 enough marks unless you start a fall b fall c rise d rise e fall f fall g fall
8
KEY
a 1 rise b A: falling c Sentence 1 goes with rule B.
Collocations with say, speak, talk and tell 2 fall B: rising Sentence 2 goes with rule A.
1 9
KEY KEY
a speak b tell c speak d say e told f tell 1 isn’t it 2 won’t you 3 are you 4 have you
g talking h tell 5 wasn’t it
Think ahead


Exam practice: Multiple choice 3
2
KEY
KEY a Yes
1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 B b Students’ own answers.
c Students learning English probably will find this article
Over to you interesting because it describes common language-
3 Students’ own answers. learning activities.
d Yes – it’s an informal, friendly style which is likely
to engage the reader.
Vocabulary page 137
4
Think ahead KEY
1 Phrases starting sentences: Believe it or not / What I
want more than anything / What I’ll do now / It is
KEY because / The thing is / What has worked for me.
Describing someone as being skinny is not a compliment
as it suggests they don’t look very healthy. 5
KEY
Positive or negative? a Believe it or not, I got a grade A in the speaking exam.
2 b It was because my spelling was so poor that I didn’t
do very well in the Writing test.
KEY c For me, the most effective activities are
a cheap b ruthless c fat d fake e gossiping group discussions.
f hysterical g pricey h sneers i old d What I believe is that we should pay more attention to
correct pronunciation.
3
e The thing is not to worry about making mistakes.
KEY
a reserved b easy-going c curious d shy
e self-confident f serious g outgoing h intelligent Unit 11 Review page 140
1
Over to you
1 than 2 Not 3 ago 4 the 5 whether 6 to 7 at
8 between
Writing Part 2 – Article page 138
2
Think ahead KEY
a I take b we’d go c hadn’t d you bring e I’ll tell
1 f had accepted g you tell h I’d text
KEY
a Students’ own answers. 3
b Openings should grab the reader’s attention in KEY
some way. The opening could: a say b speak c speaking d tells e hope
• gain the reader’s sympathy, e.g. Story 2, f looking forward to g expect
Introduction A
• seem relevant or familiar to the reader, e.g.
Story 3, Introduction A
• raise a question, e.g. Story 1, Introduction B
• promise interesting factual information, e.g.
Story 1, Introduction A or Story 2, Introduction B
Exam skills
2
KEY
a & b Students’ own answers.
c Students learning English (This is mentioned in the
task.)

Unit 12 Society
Introduction page 141 Exam practice: Multiple matching
1 3
The top-left photo shows a young person involved in 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 E 6 C 7 A 8 E 9 B
doing graffiti. It illustrates a type of low-level crime which 10 D
can be quite common, and which is often associated
with young people. Crime vocabulary
The top-right photo shows someone looking at a ‘final
notice’ – this suggests that the person is facing financial 4
difficulties and is possibly in debt, which can have KEY
negative effects on life. a vandalism b drink-driving c mugging
The bottom-left photo shows a person who seems to be d shoplifting e Hooliganism f burglary
homeless. Homelessness is a terrible problem as it is very
hard for people to receive help from the state without an 5
address. KEY
The bottom-right photo shows a young man looking at a has been robbed; was stolen
vacancies in a job centre, which is where people go to b being stolen
look for work. This photo illustrates a negative aspect of c ’ve been robbed
society: unemployment. d stealing
2 Students’ own answers. e stole
Over to you
Reading and Use of English 6 Students’ own answers.
Part 7 page 142
Think ahead Grammar (1) page 144

Probability and possibility
2 1
KEY KEY
A a might b must c could d can’t
a Car theft, drink-driving, burglary, and robbery.
b A police officer pointed a gun at his head. 2
c He became an actor. KEY
B a 3 b 1 c 3 d 2
a He vandalized property.
b His probation officer helped him. 3
c He became a US senator.
KEY
C a past b present c future d present
a He used to get into fights.
b Teachers and counsellors helped him. 4
c He became a criminal defence
lawyer. D KEY
a have + past participle
a He was a member of a gang and was arrested
b be + -ing
for attempted murder.
c infinitive without to
b Being arrested was his wake-up call.
d infinitive without to
c He became a corporate tax lawyer.
Other structures with similar meanings:
E
must: probably, bound to
a He was accused of assault.
might: maybe, perhaps, possibly
b The judge sent him to an alternative school rather than
jail.
c He became a long-jump Olympic athlete.

5 money for its own sake too much. People also spend too
KEY much these days on things they cannot afford and often
a could / must / might be; might not have been don’t need. People are encouraged through advertising
b can’t have said to want more and more items such as fast cars, big
c can’t / may / might / must not have heard houses, clothes and expensive holidays. Banks often give
d can’t have left credit too easily. These factors can cause people to get
e must have got into debt or even to commit crimes. Worrying about
f could / may / might have been wearing money can also cause stress which can lead to problems
g can’t have forgotten; may / might / must have within families.
happened; could / may / might have broken
down Exam practice: Multiple matching
h must have taken 3
6 KEY
Speaker 1: G
KEY
Speaker 2: F
a in his own home
Speaker 3: A
b late on Friday evening
Speaker 4: E
c He was shot once in the head.
Speaker 5: C
d money
D, B and H are not used.
e three
7 Over to you
KEY
Simon Prince
Relationship to Miller: neighbour
Marital status: divorced
Grammar (2) page 148
Possible motive: money

Bad habits: drinking, gambling
Think ahead
Margaret McKenzie 1
Relationship to Miller: housekeeper
Marital status: married (husband in prison) KEY
Possible motive: disliked employer, money a If you add the first two figures of your age, multiply by
Bad habits: smoking the second then divide by the first … it won’t change
Timothy Carlyle a thing, you’ll still be a year older.
Relationship to Miller: best friend b You know you’re getting on when someone gives you
Marital status: single a cake … and you can’t see it for the candles.
Possible motive: money, jealousy c The secret of staying young is the careful use of make-
Bad habits: drinking up … just make up an age and stick to it.
The cards show that people often make jokes about
8 getting older and that older people are teased about their
appearance and their memory.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Somebody must have been drinking whisky because there
are two glasses on the table and an open bottle.
Articles
The murderer must have been a smoker because there is 2
an unfinished cigarette in the ashtray. KEY
The murderer must have known where the safe was 1 a 2 0 3 0 4 the 5 the 6 0 7 a 8 an 9 0
because the picture has been removed. 10 The 11 the 12 a 13 an 14 a 15 the 16 the
The murderer might have been a man because there is a 17 0
man’s hat left on the table, or the murderer could have been 3 Students’ own answers.
a woman because a woman’s scarf has been left on the
armchair.
Vocabulary page 149

Think ahead
Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.
1 Students’ own answers. 3
2 KEY
a every two years
POSSIBLE ANSWER b over £600 million
Money has always been important as the means to buy c everyone
and sell things, but nowadays people seem to value

Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze g Not only was the sponsored bike ride very enjoyable,
4 but it also raised a lot of money.
h As well as offering a prize of a dinner for two, a
KEY
local restaurant also made a donation to the
1 D up 2 C get 3 C called 4 B for 5 A
school.
collecting
i Although the school raised £500, it wasn’t enough to
6 D part 7 A whole 8 B viewers
buy everything they wanted.
j The director thanked all the students who had helped
Writing Part 2 – Report page 150 to make the event a success.
Think ahead Unit 12 Review page 152
1 1
Ways of raising money: a lottery; sponsored events; 1 was arrested for vandalizing
holding a concert; collecting money; asking for donations; 2 he owed his success to
holding fêtes or fairs; charity shops; fundraising events on 3 to let his mother hit
TV. 4 was interested in helping
a A lottery is likely to raise the most money on a 5 must have heard
regular basis, although a concert or an evening of 6 may / might not have wanted
fundraising hosted by celebrities on TV would raise 7 that the elderly keep / for the elderly to keep
the most in one go. 8 was such a popular event
b Collecting money in the street would probably be
the easiest to organize. 2
KEY
Exam skills A
1 The 2 0 3 a 4 0 5 0 6 A / The 7 the 8 a
2 9 the 10 the
KEY B
a formal 1 0 2 0 3 a 4 the 5 a 6 the 7 The 8 the
b suggestions on how to raise money to buy books
for the school
c yes
3
KEY
a two: organize a sponsored race; charge an entrance fee
for the next end-of-year show
Complex sentences
4
KEY
As / Because / Since all the proceeds would go towards
the purchase of books, I am certain our parents would
be happy to contribute.
5
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a You could collect money in the town centre on
a Saturday, which is the busiest day.
b We collected a lot of money, so the school was able to
buy the books it needed.
c In addition to buying books, they were able to buy a
new computer.
d Despite the weather being very bad, people still
collected a lot of money.
e As the show was a huge success, we’re going
to organize another one next year.
f Students donated both games they don’t play with
any more and books they don’t read any more.

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Unit 1 Appearance and identity

Present tenses Over to you

KEY Parts of the body

Speaking Part 1 page 17

economically and makes two or three interesting

Reading and Use of English Over to you

Exam skills Grammar (1) page 24

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Photocopiable © Oxford University 1

The doctors managed to save the woman’s life.

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Speaking Part 2 page 27

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Meanings of get Over to you

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Unit 2 Review page 32

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Listening Part 4 page 34 Grammar (2) page 36

Exam practice: Multiple choice Countable and uncountable nouns

Exam practice: Open cloze Over to you

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the price of cigarettes. That way young people would

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Exam practice: Article

Unit 3 Review page 44

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the balance provided by the other sex. There may be

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Over to you Phrasal verbs with bring

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Reading and Use of English Exam skills

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Unit 4 Review page 56

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Reading and Use of English POSSIBLE ANSWERS

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b a journey: appalling, boring, dreary,

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both poorer than Kate and richer than Jack; however,

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Unit 6 Review page 80

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Unit 7 Review page 92

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Listening Part 3 page 94 KEY

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KEY Exam practice: Key word transformation

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