NIH'117-5/2014'21

/ MO PHONG Sir PHAN TANG NHIET TRONG BINH CHl)A CUA HE THONG CUNG CAP
NirOTC NONG BANG NANG LlTOTNG MAT TROTI TUAN HOAN NU^OTC TU NHIEN
MODELLING OF THERMAL STRATIFICATION OF STORAGE TANK OF SOLAR
WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH NATURAL CIRCULATION
NGUYEN NGUYEN AN, NGUYEN VIET DUNG, TRINH VliT THIEU * DHBK Hd Ngi
Md phdng syphan tang nhiet trong binh chu'a he thdng nang Iwong mat trdi tuan
hoan tie nhien dwcyc xay dyng tren phan mem TRNSYS 15. Theo ket qua md phong, sai so
nhiet dp twong doi cua mo phdng chi la 9,2 % va Iwu Iwgng nw&c tuan hoan toi da la 18,1
kg/svdi thong s6 ki thuat da cho. Nang Iwgvtg mat troi cd the dap O'ng t&l 60,0% vol nhiet
dp toi da trong binh d?t dw&c la 74,8 °C, trong khi nhiet dp mdi trwimg toi da la 32,3 "C dwa
tren dy lieu thd'i tiit tai Ha Npi v&i vi dp 21,5° Bac.
Cac ky hieu s u dung trong bai bao trong binh chua lam tang kha nang dap Ung tai sd'm
Cw - Nhiet dung rieng ijgng ^p J/ltg K hon, giam viec su dung thilt bi gia nhiet phy. Ngugc
D - Bifffng kinh binh chu'a, m [gi hieu qua cua bd thu nang lug'ng mat trd'i (SC)
H - Chieu cao mu'c nu'ac trong binh so v6i bg thu, m giam khi nhiet dg nude vao cao. Do dd d l tang mue
I - Bi>c X9 nhan du'p'c, W hip thu eua SC d n tao ra su phan ting trong binh
ki - H§ so truyin nhigt W/mK tru nuoc ndng. Tuy nhidn, cac nghien cuu trong
m - Luu lu'p'ng khoi lu'p'ng, kg/s nude v l SWHNC mdi chi dung d- mue dg tinh toan
IVl - Kh6i lu'p'ng nu-oc trong phan t6, kg xac dinh cac thdng sd ky thuat va thilt k l thu nghigm
li- Chilu cao miJc nu'O'c trong binh chCfa, m cac he thdng nay [8 - 9] ,chu chua nghien cuu sau
Q - Nang su4t nhi^t, W anh hudng cua tdc do, su phan tang trong binh chua
T - Nhigt dp cua nu'O'c, "C nude ndng tuIn hoan tu nhien
u - Van toe eua nu-oc, m/s
Vi vay, viee nghien cuu md phdng su phan ting
p - Kh6i lu'p'ng rieng, kg/m^
nhiet do trong binh tru nude ndng ddi vdi cae hd
p' - Hp so gian no the tich a O^C SWHNC trong dieu kien khi hau Vigt Nam la hit si>c
T - Thdi gian mo phong, s d n thilt d l ed thi nang cao hieu suit cua eac bd
Cac ky hif u chan cung nhu trong viec du doan mUc do dap ung nhu
i - Thi> ty cua phan to elu nude ndng cua chung.
I - Ton that
fi - vao
Trong khudn khd bai bao nay cac tac gia d l xult
fo-ra md hinh md phdng su phan ting nhiet dp cua nude
w - NLFOC
trong binh tru vdi tie dp tuIn hoan tu nhidn cua hg
c - Bp thu thing SWHNC va danh gia kha nang dap ung nhu
a - moi tru'dng elu dap ung nude ndng cua he thing.
T - Tong bu-c xg nhgn du'p'c 2. XAY DLTNG MO HJNH
LMdDAU 2.1 Phuang trinh xac djnh luu lug'ng nuoc
Hign nay d l dam bao an ninh nang lug'ng va Cpng tuIn hoan t u nhien va hieu s u i t nhiet
phd vd'i vln de biln doi khi hau, nang lugng mat trdi So dd cua he thdng SWHNC bao gdm bd thu
duo'c su dung ngay cang nhilu nhim thay thd din nhigt tim phIng, binh chua hinh tnj dugc lip dat a
cac ngudn nang lug'ng hda thgch truyen thong. Trong phia tren bg thu va dudng dng kit ndi dugc thi hien
do, hg thong nude ndng su dyng nang lugng m^t trd"! tren hinh 1. Dudi tdc ddng cua bCre xa mat trd'i Vcio
tuIn hoan tu nhien (SWHNC) ngay cang duo'c su bg thu tao ra su khac nhau v l nhiet dp din toi su
dyng rgng rai do d u tgo don gian, chi phi thIp va khac nhau v l khoi lugng rieng eua chit Idng giua
khdng d n phai bao dudng khi van hanh ... Nghien dIu vao va dIu ra bd thu mat trd'i, gay ra su chdnh
cuu hoan thien he thdng SWHNC da duge quan tam ap.Tu dd tao ra luc dly Acsimet cho qua trinh tuIn
va thuc hien eua nhilu tac gia nude ngoai. Trong dd hoan tu nhien. Luc dly do do chenh ap dugc d u tao
dang k l nhat la cac nghien cuu cua Morrison G.L[1], tu hai thanh phIn'
Bukola O.Bolaji [2] va Salman .D, Hammadi .H [3]. Ap,=Ap,+/Sp^ (2.1)
Kit qua nghien ci>u da chi ra ring khi tang toe dg
nud'c tuIn hoan tu nhien se lam tang higu suit eua Hieu ap suit thuy fTnh Api la tich phan khdi lugng
bg thu nang lugng mat trdi va su phan ting nhigt do rieng cua nud'c tiieo chilu dai bd thu, U:

* Email: tnnhvietthieu88@gmall.com
22* NLN-117'5/2014

Nlu bg thu tim phIng gdm N dng song song.

Ap,=g.smJ3.\[p,,-p,].dx (2.2) Luu lugng khdi lugng nude tuIn hoan dugc tinh
theo cdng thuc:
Mat khac khoi lugng rieng cua nude phu thudc
vao nhiet dd dugc tinh nhu sau: (2.10)
4 ^ '
Pt = Po-(1-(5'-t) _ (2 3) Thay (2 7-2 9) vao edng thuc (2.10), chung ta
Gia thilt nhiet dd nud'c phan bd tuyIn tinh theo thu duge edng thuc tinh luu lugng khdi lugng.
chilu dai bg thu khi do: 7r.Nj:.g.(}\p„.iT„-Tj,) ^\ ^
T -T smp+H){2.'\^)
T^-T^^=-t ^.x (2.4)
M|t khdc, hieu suat bd thu nang lug'ng mat trd'i
Thay phuang trinh (2.4), (2.3) vao (2.2) ta ed dug'c xac djnh nhu sau:
(2.5) nhu sau:
(2.12)
Ap,=^.g.smp.p„.(T^„-T^.) (2.5)
Vdi, nhigt huu ich cua bg thu:
Nlu coi khdi lugng neng cua nud'c khdng ddi
Q, =m.C,,.(7',„-r„),W
tren cung mdt mat phIng ngang, hieu ap suit
Ap, cd thi tinh: Kit hgp eac edng thuc (2.11) va (2.12) chCing
ta thu dugc cac phuang trinh md ta luu lugng
^2=(P,.-P/J-g-^ (2.6) khdi lugng va higu suit cua bd thu phu thudc vao
nhigt dg nude vao va ra binh chua.
2.2 H# phuang trinh xac djnh phan ting
nhiet dp trong binh chua nuac ndng
Gia thilt binh chu'a hinh tnj dugc chia thanh n
phan td theo chieu cao va hud'ng chuyin ddng cua
ddng chay. Bd qua qua trinh tnjyln nhidt theo ban
kinh phan td. Khi dd phuang trinh can bang nhigt
, Bik xa mM trfn cua phan to thu i (hinh 2) dup'c md ta nhu sau:

IV

Hinh 1. Sado he thong SWHNC

mw.r.Cw.Tri.T
Thay phuang trinh (2B) vao (2.1) va kit hgp
vdi (2.3) ta ed Hinh 2. Cin bang nhi$t cho phan tS thO i tai thai
diem T
Ap, = g.^'.p„.(7;^„ - r„ ).(i.i^ .sin y5 +//) (2.7) '".,.c..(7;, -7;,,)-o, =M.c .^^^^^ (2.13)
Ton thIt ap suit do ma sat trong dud'ng dng Mit khac to gia thilt ta co:
cua bg thu nang lupng mat trdi:
(2.14)
4 n-l
Tvi T = Tn-11 (2.15)
Trong do, h? so ton th^t ap su^t do chay tSng: T„,, =T™.,. (2.16)
64 _ 64.k (2.17)
• k,.- ,(r„,,-rj
Thay (2.14+2.17) vao (2.13) ta airac cong thifc
D6i voi h? thong can bang chung ta co : xac nhi$t dg trung binh phan t6 dSu tien cua binh
•^, ^AP; (2.9) chua.
 HLN'117-5/2014'23

'H.^AT ^^V, xa tren mat phang nghieng. Type la tinh todn

J, U '••'^^ M "^^ MCJn-l) ' (2.18) lugng nhiet hOu ich ma bd thu nhan dupe Qu.
3. D 6 | T U V N G V A PHl/aNG PHAP NGHIEN CIJU
MC,in-\) Bg thu phIng vdi kich thudc tim hip thu
720x1170 mm, tdng dien tich la 0,842 m^ dat
Nhiet dp cac phan t6 con tai duo'c xac dinh nghieng mgt gdc (3=20° so vdi mat phIng nIm
theo c6ng thuc (2.19): ngang va mat quay v l hudng nam. Binh tich nhigt
tu 7- n\^^Ar hinh tru dung cd dung tich lam vigc 46 lit. Bg du
«,-Kl- 3: lieu thd'i tilt gdm nhiet dp mdi trud'ng, cudng dg
(2.19 buc xa tren mat phIng nam ngang dugc do dgc
\+ va ghi Hen tuc vd'i mat do each nhau 5 phut trong
ngay 11 thang 7 tai Ha Ndi [5].
Phuang phap nghien cuu la tinh toan ly thuylt
vdi / = 2, w . va,dua tren kit qua thuc nghidm d l kilm chung
Cae cdng thuc (2.18), (2.19) kit hpp vdi dilu kien do chinh xac cua md hinh.
ban dIu Tmv^ = Ta vdi i = 1, /? ,cho phep xac dinh nhiet
do cae phdn to thu i bit ky trong binh chua nud'c ndng
tgi thdi dilm T bit ky tu chinh nhiet dp cua phan td nay ^ ^ B T TYPE24
tai thdi dilm taro'c dd.
€)l danh gia kha nang dap ung cua bp thu nang
lugng mat trdi, he sd dap ung (Solar faction) da dupc
~ H ^ ...
rYPEi6a f 1
dua ra. He sd dap ung la ty sd giija nang lugng mat trdi
thu dui?e va nang lugng do tai su dung:

/ . =-^.100% (2.20)
QUMO
Lupng nhidt eIn cung d p cho nhu clu SCP
dung cd t h i tinh theo sau-

QuiAiy ~ (2.21)
100
Trong do, V„„ [lit/ngSy], t„„[°Cl, t„c [°C] iSn lugt Hinh 3. Sa do liet noi trong phin mSm md phong
la thi tich, nhiet dp nude nong cSn diJ tru va nhiet bo thu NLMT
dp nu-dc cap.
4. K £ T Q U A K I E M CHU'NG MO HiNH
2.3. Xay dvng mo hinh mo phong sif phan
t i n g nhiet do nirac trong binh chu'a
Tren co so cac cong thu'c (2.11-2.19) m\ s6
liiu dSu vao la nhiSt dp ngoai trdi va cuang dp
buc xa I tren mat phing ngang, thdng s6 cua he
SWHNC CO t h i xay dvng mo hinh mo phong su
phcin tang nhi§t dp cua cac Idp nude trong binh
chua theo chieu cao va thdi gian.
So do l<lt noi trong hinh 3 dupc xay dung
trong moi trudng IISIBAT3 cua phan mIm
TRNSYS. Modul NDF da dupc lap trinh tinh toan
bang phan mem EES va l<lt hpp vdi cac modul co
**,-s^^**vy///<^/////
san trong TRNSYS xay dung phan mIm mo
phong hoan chinh [6]. Trong do modul Type9a dpc Hinh 4. Ket qua mo phong phan tSng nhiet do
du' lieu do tCr tep d& lieu chua nhiet dd, buc xa Nhiet do cac dilm trong binh tang theo thd'i
nam ngang. Cudng dp buc xa tren mat phing gian va chenh lech nhiet do gil>a eac ting kha Id'n
ngang dupc xu ly trong type16a d l tinh toan buc Nhiet dd cua dilm 2 tren cung phu thudc kh^ Id'n
24* NLN-117*5/2014
vao cudng do buc xa mat trdi. Trong hlu hit thdi
gian lam viec cua thilt bi, chenh Jech nhidt do
giua ting tren eung (dilm 2) va ting euli cung
(dilm 5) kha Idn, trung binh 11°C, cue dai dat
14,9°C.
Ddi vdi nhiet do T2 va nhigt do dIu vao bd thu
T5, sai sd tuang ddi Idn nhIt tuang Ung la 9,2%
vS 7% dIu d thdi gian khoang 11 gid trua, luc
bUc xa mat trdi Idn nhlt. Nhiet dd T2 dat dupe
Idn nhlt la 74,8''C doi vdi kit qua md phdng, 76°C
ddi vdi kit qua thuc nghiem. Nhiet do Idn nhat T5
gin 70°C eho ca kit qua md phdng va thuc
nghiem. Tdc dp nude tuIn hoan tang nhanh nhlt
vdo iDudi trua va dgt dugc cao nhlt la 18,1 kg/h.
iiniiliiillllltiil
Hinh 5. Kit qua do dac va mo phong T2, T5
Hinh 6. Tdng nang Itrong hiru ich thu dtmc
Dua trdn dd thi nhan thay, tdng nang lugng
h&u ich thu dugc la 0^=4185 kj/ngay. Luang
nude ndng du trij tnn = 60°C, 30 lit/ngudi/ngay'[7],
vdi hd g^ia dinh 2 ngudi su dyng cd t h i tinh nhiet
lupng can d l cung d p nud'c ndng theo cdng thuc
2.21, QLOAD = 7022, kJ/ngay. Do do, kha nang dap
ung nhu d u su dung la /^,^, = 6 0 , 0 % . Day cung
chinh la phIn nang lupng tilt kiem dugc khi san
xuat nude ndng
5. K^T LUAN
Kit qua chi ra phIn mIm md phdng dat duge
do tin edy cao. Sai s6 su phan ting nhiet dp trong
binh chua try dung eao nhlt chT la 9,2%. Vdi dien
tich bd thu 0,842 m^ nang lupng mat trd'i cd thi
dap ung 60,0% nhu elu su dung trong ng^y ddi
vd'i du lieu thd'i tilt tai Ha Ngi. Dua cac kit qua
nghien CLPU tren, ddy la tiln d l d l danh gia kha
nang su dung true tilp nang lugng mat trdi d l
cung d p nud'c ndng phu thudc vao cac dilu kien
khi hau. Tu dd cd t h i tinh toan dupc kha nang tilt
kiem nang lupng toan mCja hay toan nam doi vdi
tUng dia phuang cu thi.
ABSTRACT
The model of thermal stratification of
storage tank of solar water heating system w/ith
natural circulation (SWHSNC) was developed by
applying TRNSYS 15 software. According to the
results of the analysis, the relative errors of
thermal stratification was off only 9.2 % and the
flow rate of natural circulation was 18.1 kg/s with
structure of model. The average daily efficiency of
the system was 60.0% and the maximum water
temperature obtained was 74.8 °C, while ttie
maximum ambient temperature obtained was 32.3
°C for the climatic data of HaNoi on Latitude 21.5 °N.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
[1] Mornson, G.L, Ranatunga, (1998), "Thermosyphor)
Circulation in solar Collector", Solar Energy, 24, 191
[2] Bukola O.Bolaii (2009), 'Flow Design and Collector
Performance of a Natural Circulation Solar Water Heater",
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
[3] Salman D, Hammadi H (2009), ' Study of solar water
heating system with natural circulation in Basrah", Journal for
Engineering sciences. Vol 2 No.3
[4] Hottel, H.C. Whiilier. W ^^955),"Evaluation of flat plate
solar collector performance" Trans Conf. Use of solar Energy
thermal processes, Tuscon AZ.
[5] Nguyin Nguyfin An (1998), 'Nghidn cieu chi tao b0
thu nang luong m$t troi va ung dung trong diSu ki$n Viet
Nam", lu$n van cao hpc.
[6] TRNSYS 15 A Transient Sysyem Simulation Program
(March 2000), Volume I Reference Manual, Solar energy
laboratory university of Wiscosin-Madison, Madison, Wl 53706
USA
(7] http.//www.engineeringtoolbox.com/
[8] Do Jrhn Hal (2006). 'Nghi&n ciiu si> dung bi>c X9 m$(
troi a Vi$t Nam cho cung cap nhiet phuc vy san xuit vii tieu
dOng trong chien luyc khai th^c nSng luong sach biio ve mdi
tru^n^', Lu|n van tien sJ k7 thu^t, Trtfc/ng Dai hpc XSy Di,i'ng,
[9] Nguyen Qu^n (2001), "Nghien cuu l6i uv h6a bo thu
nSng lw<?ng mat trai kieu b^p phing mdng c6 dinh cd guung
phan xg i^ng dyng trong kf thu$t l^nh". Lu^n ^n Ti4n sT KJ
thuat, Tru'd'ng Dai hpc Bach khpa Ha NOi-
Phan bipn: PGS. TS Le Cong Cat