Vinaya by Kovidabhivamsa Vol 1

www.ShanYoma.
Org
0denf;ya'omoifwef;
(yxrwGJ)
b'ÉÅaum0d'gbd0Ho
apwd,*FPomoe"Z od&Dy0&"r®mp&d,
yÍöedum,PÖ0 - yd#uwå,yg&*l
t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw
omoemhvif;a&mifMunfy&d,wådpmoifwkduf
yJcl;NrdKU
oAÁ'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd?
oAÁ&oH "r®&aom Zdemwd/
oAÁ&wð "r®&wd Zdemwd?
wPSu©a,m oAÁ'ku©H Zdemwd/
'getm;vkH;udk "r®'geu atmifEdkif\/

t&omtm;vkH;udk w&m;t&omu atmifEdkif\/
arGUavsmfzG,ftm;vkH;udk w&m;ü arGUavsmfjcif;u atmifEdkif\/
'ku©tm;vkH;udk wPSmukefjcif;u atmifEdkif\/
pd&H wd|wk o'är®m? "ar® a[mEÅ K o*g&0g/

bk&m;&Sif\ tqHk;tr omoemawmfonf
t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapownf;/
o'¨r®oHk;jzmü ½kdaoav;pm;jcif; &SdMuygapukefownf;/
"u
rmwdum
taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm
0denf;ya'omoifwef; tajccHed'gef; ................. "
omoemawmfESifh 0denf; ......................... "
0denf;trsdK;rsdK; ............................... "
tmywftao;pm; ta&;xm; ..................... e
ygwdarmu©oH0&paom oDvBuD;av;yg; usifh&ef .......... e
oDvBuD;av;yg; BudKwifusifhzkdY rvdk[k ,lqMu ........... y
0w¬Kom"ursm; .............................. y
rusifhzl;ao;u tprS pusifhoifh ................... y
pmar;yGJ acwfpm;vm .......................... z
0denf;awmfusifh&ef tm;enf; ...................... z
0denf;awmfukd ta&;xm;aom Xme.................. A
0denf;ya'omoifwef; ......................... A
oifwef;pmtkyfrsm; jzpfay:vm .................... A
usrf;ukd; usrf;um; pmtkyfrsm; .................... b
0denf;ya'omoifwef; tpDtpOf ................... r
&wewå,yPmr ............................ ,
edAÁmef p&PusifhpOf 15-yg; + 0dZÆmtodÓPf 8-yg; ........ 1
p&PusifhpOf 15-yg; ........................... 1
0dZÆm (8)yg; ................................. 2
p&PESifh 0dZÆm tusOf; .......................... 2
yd#uwfESifh usifhpOf ............................ 3
yd#uwf (3)yg;ESifh usifhpOf (3)yg; ................... 3
edum,f (5)yg;ESifh yd#uwf (3)yg; wGJyHk ................ 3
0de,yd#u ................................. 3
c " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
(0denf; 5-usrf;) ............................. 3

okwåEÅyd#u ................................ 3
okwf 3-usrf; ( = edum,f 4-&yf) ................... 3
tbd"r®myd#uwf ............................. 4
(tbd"r®m 7-usrf;)............................ 4
0denf;a'oemawmf ........................... 4
0denf;oif½dk; ................................ 4
oDvusifhpOf tusOf; (2)rsKd; ...................... 5
oDv (4)rsKd; ................................ 5
1/ ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv ........................ 6
2/ £È´d,oH0&oDv ........................... 6
3/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDv ......................... 7
tmZD0odu©myk'f (6)yg;ponfwdkY\ tus,f ............. 8
ukv'loe (8)yg; ............................. 9
uk[e (= tHhMozG,fjyKjcif;)oHk;yg;/ ................... 9
1/ ypö,y#dao0euk[em ....................... 9
2/ omrEÅZyÜeuk[em .......................... 9
3/ £&d,myxoEédódwuk[em .................. 10
vyem (13)yg; (= ajr§mufyifhíajymjcif;) ............. 10
edrdwåuwm (6)yg; ........................... 11
edayÜoduwm (11)yg; ......................... 12
vmbedZd*Doewm ........................... 14
taeoe (21)yg; ........................... 14
vmb ouúm& odavmu ygydpämrsm; ................ 15
edrdwå ponf (4)rsKd; .......................... 15
t"dyÜm,f ................................. 15
rmwdum " *
rdpämZD0 (0dok'¨dr*ft&om-47/) ................... 16

'g,umESifh 0denf;pnf;urf; ..................... 18
ESpfOD;ESpfbuf tvdkufodzdkYvdk ..................... 18
[efrvkyfpaumif; ........................... 19
vltrsm;txifBuD;cH&jcif; ....................... 19
r[kwfvQif r[kwfaMumif; 0efcHyg .................. 20
olcdk;BuD; r[mapm& .......................... 20
pmoifom;ESifh pmoifwdkuf ...................... 20
w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;ESifh &dyfomaxmifjcif; .............. 21
vmbfvmb &&efESifh edAÁmefa&muf&ef ................ 21
"kwifusifholESifh rusifhol ....................... 22
oufowfvGwfpm;jcif; ......................... 22
vmbfvmbtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh bkef;wefcdk;BuD;jcif; ............ 23
(4) ypö,oEédódwoDv ....................... 23
okH;aqmifjcif; (y&dabm*) 4-rsKd; .................. 24
ykxkZOf 'g,ZÆç omrd jzpfyHk ...................... 25
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf rdefYqdkcsuf ..................... 26
oDv (4)yg;ESifh w&m;udk,f ...................... 26
oDv0EÅ = oDv&Sdol .......................... 27
'kóDvESpfrsKd; .............................. 28
tvZÆD ESifh vZÆD ............................. 28
tvZÆDvu©Pm (3)yg; ......................... 28
t*wdw&m; (4)yg; ........................... 30
tvSLcH wpfusdyfav;a,muf ..................... 30
vZÆDyk*¾dKvf[lonf ............................ 31
yk*¾dKvf (4)rsKd; ............................... 31
C " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
tvZÆDol,kwfrm rjzpfatmif BudK;pm; ............... 32

olcdk;"m;jyBuD; (5)rsKd; .......................... 33
oDvysufjcif;tjypf (5)yg; ...................... 34
oDvysufjcif; tjypf (16)yg; ..................... 34
t*¾du©aE¨myrokwf ........................... 35
arxkefBuD; (1) yg;? arxkefi,f (7)yg; ............... 36
oDvusKd;ayguf usm;ajymufjcif; ................... 38
]aum"} paom ygy"r®rsm; ...................... 39
oDvjzLpifaMumif; a0g'ge ...................... 40
oDvr&Sdaom &[ef;wdkY tjypfcH&ykH Oyrm (6)ck .......... 40
oDvysufpD;jcif;ü ESvkH;oGif;zG,f (11)csuf ............. 41
oDvtusKd; ½IqifjcifzG,f ....................... 42
apcdkif;wdkufwGef;jcif; tmPwåd .................... 43
&[ef;aumif;&[ef;jrwf jzpf&ef tcsufBuD; (15)csuf ...... 44
y"med,*Fw&m; (5)yg; ......................... 45
ok'¨dav;yg; ............................... 45
oDvysufjcif;\ tjypfç ok'¨d ESifh w&m;udk,f ........... 46
yk*¾dKvf (4)rsKd; ............................... 46
(1) pmrwwf oDv r&Sdol ....................... 47
(2) pmrwwf oDv &Sdol ....................... 47
(3) pmwwf oDv r&Sdol ....................... 47
(4) pmwwf oDv &Sdol ........................ 47
yxryÍöuoDv ............................. 47
(1) y&d,EÅyg&dok'¨doDv ........................ 47
(2) ty&d,EÅyg&dok'¨doDv ...................... 48
rmwdum " i
(3) y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv ........................ 48

(4) ty&mr|yg&dok'¨doDv ...................... 48
aygif½kdufcsKd;aom rax&f0w¬K .................... 48
5/ y#dyó'¨dyg&dok'¨doDv ....................... 49
trÁcg'ur[mwdórax&f0w¬K .................. 49
b0opf,lol oDvysuf ........................ 50
'kwd, yÍöuoDv ........................... 51
yÍöuoDv (47)yg; ........................... 51
ur®yxoDv (10)yg; ......................... 52
psmef&aMumif; ykAÁbm*y#dy'g (5)yg; ................ 52
oOyg,t|ormywådoDv (10)yg; ................. 52
r[m0dyóemoDv (18)yg; ..................... 53
r*fav;yg;oDv ............................. 54
oDvteuf ............................... 54
edAÁmefwdkifatmif tqifhqifh oDvtusKd;rsm; ........... 55
ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv tus,f .................... 55
tyg,fav;yg;qif;&J .......................... 56
tyg,f (4)bkH .............................. 56
i&JBuD; (8) xyfESifh i&Ji,f (160) .................. 58
Oóm'i&Ji,f (5)ck .......................... 60
oHo&m0#fqif;&J ............................ 61
vlUbkHavmu .............................. 61
wkdufBuD; (6) wdkufESifh ork'´&mBuD; (5)pif; ............. 61
pmwkr[m&mZfbkH ............................ 62
wm0wðomewfbkH ........................... 63
p " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
jA[®mjynf (20) ............................. 64

ok'¨0go (5)bkH ............................. 64
t½lyjA[®mbkH (4)bkH .......................... 64
jA[®jynfwdkY\ tuGmta0; ...................... 64
pMu0Vm ................................. 65
pMu0VmESifh acwf (3)yg; ....................... 65
eufeJvSpGm pMu0Vm «jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;?twGJ-3? 317/» ..... 66
aeudk A[kdjyKí N*dK[frsm; vSnfhywfaeykH ............... 67
aA'ifusrf;tvdk aeY 7-aeUESifh N*dK[frsm; .............. 68
ab;BuD; (4)rsKd; ............................. 69
ygwdarmuf (2)rsKd; ........................... 69
*E¦ygwdarmuf (2)rsKd; ......................... 70
tmPmygwdarmuf (2)rsKd; ...................... 70
oifwef;ydkYcsrnfh tpDtpOf ...................... 70
tmywf (7)ykH .............................. 71
tmywfoifhjcif;taMumif; (6)yg; .................. 71
]yg&mZdu}t"dyÜm,f (3)rsKd; ...................... 72
&[ef;awmfwdkY\ touf yg&mZdu (24)yg; ............ 72
tbAÁyk*d¾Kvf (11)a,muf ....................... 73
y@Kuf (5)rsKd; .............................. 74
&[ef;jyKaumif; rjyKaumif; y@KuftcJG .............. 75
ax,soH0gouESifh pyfí axeu (3)rsKd; ............. 75
&SifomraPrsm; owdxm;zG,f .................... 76
vd*Faxeu aemufwpfenf; ..................... 77
&[ef;usKd;xuf &SifusKd;cuf ...................... 77
rmwdum " q
ax,soH0gouESifh wdwd¬,yuúEÅu txl; ............ 77

oHCab'u A[kokw ........................ 78
bdu©Kyg&mZdu (4)yg;om a[mjcif; ................. 78
yg&mZdu (4)yg; tus,f ....................... 78
yg&mZdu (4)yg; ............................. 78
yxryg&mZdu .............................. 79
rlvynwf ................................ 79
yxrtEkynwf ............................. 80
'kwd,xyfqifh tEkynwf ...................... 80
odu©myk'f tjynfhtpHk ......................... 80
tEkynwf (3)rsKd; ............................ 81
wwd,yg&mZdu ............................ 82
t*Fg (5)yg; ............................... 82
pwkw¬yg&mZdu ............................. 83
yg&mZdu (4)yg; t"dyÜm,f rSwfom;zG,frsm; ............ 84
yxryg&mZdu arxke"r®odu©myk'f ................. 84
odu©mwift*Fg (5)yg;ESifh odu©mcst*Fg (6)yg; ........... 84
odu©mwif t*Fg (5)yg; ........................ 85
1/ 0w¬KorÜwdå .............................. 85
2/ ÚwdåorÜwdå ............................. 85
3/ oDrmorÜwdå ............................. 86
odrfysuf (11)vHk; ............................ 86
odrf (2)rsKd; ................................ 87
A'ödrf (3)rsKd; .............................. 87
tA'ödrf (3)rsKd; ............................ 87
Z " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
4/ ur®0gpmorÜwåd ........................... 88
5/ y&domorÜwåd ............................ 88
odu©mcs&mü t*Fg (6)yg; ....................... 89
acwfyk'f (78)yk'f ............................ 90
Ak'¨H ypöu©mrd paom (14)yk'f ..................... 90
]rH "ma&[d} (8)yk'f ........................... 90
ajrSmufyGm;ykH ............................... 91
odu©mcs&mü pOf;pm;zG,f ........................ 91
aocsmaom odu©mcsenf; ....................... 92
a,m ye bdu©K ............................. 92
]&[ef;}[k ac:qkd&jcif; (12)yg; ................... 93
]&[ef;}[k ac:wGifvmykH ........................ 94
]OK;yÍöif;} ac:wGifykH ........................... 94
arxkeü ]arxkef} ac:ykHESifh arxke0w¬K (5)rsKd; .......... 94
yk*d¾Kvftjym; (12) yg;ESifh r*fvrf;aMumif; (3)yg; ......... 95
yg&mZduusaMumif; r*f (30) ..................... 95
tmywfydkif;jcm;yHk ............................ 95
'kwd,yg&mZdu t"dyÜm,frsm;..................... 96
tmywftqifhtqifh cGJjcm;ykH ..................... 96
ae&majymif;a&TUjcif;aMumifh tmywfoifhEdkifykH ............ 97
rdbypönf;yifjzpfap owdjyK&ef .................... 97
]ax,socFgw} = cdk;vkdaom pdwf .................. 97
cdk;jcif; (25)yg; ............................. 98
(u) ememb@yÍöu ......................... 98
( c ) {ub@yÍöu .......................... 98
rmwdum " ps
( * ) om[wd¬uyÍöu ......................... 99
(C) ykAÁya,m*yÍöu ......................... 99
( i ) ax,sm0[m&yÍöu ..................... 100
0dómo*¾g[ (= tuRrf;0ifí,ljcif;) t*Fg 5-yg; ....... 101
'kwd,yg&mZdutmywf tqkH;tjzwfrsm; ............. 101
temywåd tmywfroifholrsm; ................... 103
wwd,yg&mZdu t"dyÜm,frsm; ................... 103
ygPmwdygwya,m* (6)yg; .................... 104
tmPwåduya,m* (6)yg; ..................... 105
wwd,yg&mZdutmywf tqkH;tjzwfrsm; ............ 105
tqifhqifh apcdkif;&mü tmywfoifhykH ............... 106
aq;ay;jcif;ü tmywfoifhykH .................... 106
"r®m½kHteD;odkY aqmifjcif; ...................... 107
qdkqkH;rjcif; ............................... 107
tcsdef;tcsufESifh edrdwftrSwf ................... 107
tmywfroifholrsm; ......................... 108
pwkw¬yg&mZdut"dyÜm,frsm; .................... 108
taMumif; (3)yg; ........................... 109
taMumif; (7)yg; ........................... 109
tus,fcsJU od&ef ........................... 110
eD0&PokH;rsKd;udk jyjcif; ....................... 110
tmywfoifhykH ............................. 111
oG,f0dkufí ajymqdkjcif; ....................... 111
wkpäHESifh rkom txl; ......................... 112
tnMw t"drmem .......................... 112
Ú " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
tusOf;csKyfrSwf&ef .......................... 112

temywåd? tmywfroifholrsm; ................... 113
bdu©KeDyg&mZdu (9)yg; ........................ 113
(1) OAÁZmPkr@vdum odu©myk'f ................. 113
(2) 0ZÆy#dpäm'dum odu©myk'f .................... 114
(3) Ou©dwåmEk0wådum odu©myk'f .................. 114
t|0w¬Kum odu©myk'f ........................ 115
oHCm'daooff[lonf .. ..................... 117
oHCm'daooftmywf (13)yg; ................... 117
yxrmywådumtmywf (9)yg; tusOf; .............. 117
1/ okuú0dó|d odu©myk'f ...................... 117
2/ um,oHo*¾odu©myk'f ...................... 118
3/ 'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'f ....................... 118
4/ twåumryg&dp&d, odu©myk'f ................. 118
5/ oÍö&dwå odu©myk'f ........................ 119
6/ uk#dum& odu©myk'f ....................... 119
7/ 0d[m&odu©myk'f .......................... 121
8/ yxr'k|a'go odu©myk'f .................... 121
9/ 'kwd,'k|a'go (ac:) tnbm*d, odu©myk'f ....... 122
okuú0dó|d odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 122
t*FgZmwfawmifhcdkifjcif; taMumif; (5)yg; ............ 122
okufa&mif (10)rsKd; .......................... 123
cE¨mudk,fwpfckvkH;ü ysHUESHYwnfaom t&mrsm; .......... 123
okufvTwfESifh okufvGwf ....................... 123
tmywftqifhqifh oifhykH ...................... 124
rmwdum " #
&m* (11)rsKd;jzifh okufvGwfjcif;rsm; ................ 124

tmywftqkH;tjzwf owdjyKzG,f ................. 125
um,oHo*¾ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 125
temywåd tmywfroifhykHrsm; .................... 126
'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 126
ygVdawmfvm 'k|Kv’0gpm (9)csuf ................. 127
acwfokH;rsKd;ESifh tmywfokH;rsKd; ydkif;jcm;ykH ............. 128
twåumryg&dp&d, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .............. 128
oDv0EÅç uvsmP"r®ç jA[®pm&D cGJjcm;csuf ........... 129
oÍö&dwå odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ..................... 129
tmywftqkH;tjzwf ......................... 130
uk#dum&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 130
uk#daetdrf jyKvkyfykH ......................... 131
]avy} t& vdrf;usH&ef ypönf;rsm; ................. 131
tmywfoifhç roifh .......................... 131
uk#dyrmP ............................... 132
uk#dyrmP t,l0g'trsKd;rsKd; .................... 132
t|uxm #DumwdkY ,lqykH ..................... 132
&wemh*kPf&nf tqdk ........................ 133
tjcm;EdkifiHrsm; ,lqcsuf ...................... 133
jyqdkcJhaom enf;t& uk#dyrmP ................. 133
tusOf;rSwf&ef ab;&ef (13)yg; .................. 134
ausmif;raqmuftyfaom t&yf (16)yg; ............ 134
om&rÇESifh ty&duúre'kuú#f (2)csuf ................ 135
0d[m&um& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 135
X " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
uk#dESifh 0d[m& txl; ........................ 136

yxr'k|a'go odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 136
]'ka|m} ]a'gaom} ]tyÜwDawm} (3)yk'f t& ........... 136
okH;yk'fvHk; qkdxm;awmfrljcif; .................... 137
rlvç rlvuç trlvç trlvu (4)rsKd; cGJykH ............ 137
]rlv}ESifh ]trlvu} .......................... 137
rlvu (3)rsKd; ............................. 137
trlvu (3)rsKd; ............................ 138
yg&mZdu (19)yg; ........................... 138
apm'em (4)yg; ............................ 138
jA[®p&d,H pma0,sEÅd ......................... 139
t"dyÜm, (8)yg;............................ 139
'kwd,'k|a'go (ac:) tnbm*d, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ... 140
tw¬KyÜwfZmwfvrf;tusOf; ..................... 140
udÍöda'oH avorwåHü a'oESifh avo ............. 141
10/ oHCab'odu©myk'f ...................... 142
tmywftqifhqifh oifhykHrsm; .................... 142
a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ Nidrf;aysmufaom tmywf ...... 142
11/ ab'gEk0wåu odu©myk'f .................... 143
oHCmuGJjym;aMumif; ab'u&0w¬K (18)yg; ........... 144
odu©myk'f (3)yg;vm ]t"du&P} o'´g (3)yg; txl; ...... 145
jrifukefMum;ukefaom&[ef;wYdk\ wm0ef ............. 145
oHCmoif;cGJrI ed'gef; ......................... 146
t&Sifa'0'wf awmif;qkdaom tcsufBuD; (5)csuf ....... 146
aemufvdkufy&dowf rsm;vmjcif; .................. 147
rmwdum " !
]o'¨g-ynm} nDrQolwdkY vufrcH .................. 148

or*¾ ESifh 0*¾ ............................. 148
oHC&mZd (oHCmhta&;taMumif;) ................ 148
oHCab' (oHCm uGJjym;jcif;) ................... 149
ab'gEk0wåuodu©myk'f ed'gef; ................... 149
tEk0wåu t& aemufvdkufykH ................... 149
{aum 0g a'G 0g wa,m 0g .................... 150
12/ 'kAÁp odu©myk'f ......................... 150
13/ ukv'lou odu©myk'f ..................... 151
pwåma&m ,m0wwd,um ..................... 153
'kAÁpodu©myk'f taMumif;&if;ed'gef; ................ 153
'kAÁpZmwdu&[ef; .......................... 154
o["r®du = oDwif;okH;azmf .................... 154
o["r®rsm; .............................. 154
omoemBuD;yGm;aMumif; ....................... 155
omoemBuD;yGm;wdk;wufrI[lonf ................. 155
omoemjyKjcif;[lonf ........................ 155
ukv'louodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 155
*gr ed*r e*& = &Gm ed*kH; NrdKU txl; ................ 156
ukv'lou = trsKd;av;yg;ukd zsufqD;ykH ............. 156
o'¨gw&m;ysufpD;ykH .......................... 157
ukv'louodu©myk'f taMumif;&if;ed'gef; ............ 157
&[ef;tppftrSeftwGuf tcufawGU& .............. 158
Oygoumaumif;ESifh awGUqkHjcif; .................. 158
t*¾om0uESpfyg; vTwfí ESifxkwfapjcif; ............ 159
¡ " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
odu©myk'fynwfawmfrljcif; ..................... 159

þodu©myk'fvm ,kwfrmaom tusifhrsm; ............ 159
pdkufysKd;aumif;aom enf;vrf;rsm; ................. 160
uyÜd,a0g[m& = tyfpyfaom tokH;tEIef; ........... 160
tuyÜd,a0g[m& = rtyfpyfaom tokH;tEIef; ........ 160
apcdkif;cGifh okH;aqmifcGifh &ykHrsm; .................. 161
y&d,m,fjzifh pdkufysKd;apjcif; ..................... 161
t&dyfta&mifjyí pdkufysKd;apjcif; .................. 161
a&avmif; a&csKd; ponf rjyKaumif; ............... 162
ukv'loe (8)yg; ........................... 162
yef;yGifhay;jcif; ............................. 162
opfoD;ay;jcif; ............................ 163
0denf;jypfvGwfatmif ay;auR;enf; ................ 164
qyfjymponf ay;jcif; ........................ 164
avmuGwfysLiSm jyKpkoifholrsm; ................... 165
t*Fawç opfç 0g; ponf ay;jcif; ................. 165
aq;ukoay;jcif; ........................... 166
0denf;jypfvGwfatmif aq;enf;ay;jcif; ............. 166
aq;ukaumif;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm; ................... 166
rdbrS wpfyg;aom aqGrsKd;rsm;tm; aq;ukoykH ......... 167
oDwif;okH;azmf&[ef;\ rdbrsm;tm; aq;ukoykH ........ 167
wjcm;aq;ukaumif;olrsm; ..................... 167
y&dwf&Gwfjcif; ur®0gpmzwfjcif; .................. 168
y&dwfa&ESifh y&dwfcsnf jyKvkyfay;jcif; ............... 168
*gxmrEÅefponf ref;rIwfjcif; ................... 168
rmwdum " P
]wrefonf} jyKjcif; .......................... 169

owif;pum; ydkYaqmifaumif;aom t&mrsm; .......... 169
vrf;c&D;MuHKí ar;jref;ojzifh ajymMum;jcif; ........... 170
taeoe (21)yg; .......................... 170
tjrJ qGrf;rcHtyfaom (6)Xme ................... 172
rdpämZD0rsm; tusOf;rSwf&ef ..................... 172
uk[e = ta,mifaqmif [dwf[efxkwfjcif; .......... 173
vye = ajr§mufyifhajymqdkí ypönf;&Smjcif; ............ 174
tblwOv’ye = psmefr*fzdkvf &oa,mif 0g<um;jcif; ..... 174
edrdwåur® = t&dyfta&mifjy ajymqdkjcif; ............. 175
edayÜodu = rvSLçvSLatmif tMuyfudkifajymqdkjcif; ....... 175
owdxm;&ef .............................. 175
or®mtmZD0jzpf&ef vdk&if;tcsufrsm; ............... 176
oHCm'daooftmywf (13)yg; tusOf; .............. 179
oHCm'daooftmywfukpm;enf; .................. 180
zHk;vTrf;jcif;t*Fg (10)yg; ....................... 180
zHk;vTrf;jcif;t*Fg (10)yg; &Sif;vif;csuf .............. 181
zHk;vTrf;rI vkd&if;oHk;yg; ........................ 182
oHCm'daoof (13)yg;rS xl;jcm;csufrsm; ............. 183
okuú0dó|dodu©myk'f ......................... 183
t*Fg (3)yg; .............................. 183
okufvGwfjcif;ü &m* (11)rsKd; ................... 183
um,oHo*¾odu©myk'f ........................ 185
t*Fg (5)yg; .............................. 185
'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'f ......................... 186
w " 0denf;ya'omoifwef;
t*Fg (5)yg; .............................. 186

0wfaqmufwnfjcif; 0wfay;jcif; ................. 187
y#dpEä yé &d0gof ............................. 187
ok'E¨ yÅ &d0gof ............................. 187
oarm"mey&d0gof .......................... 188
ok'ËÅy&d0gofESpfrsKd; .......................... 188
plVok'ËÅ ................................ 188
r[mok'ËÅ ............................... 189
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gof ........................ 189
nOfhaygif;wpf&mzHk;ap q,fnOfhy&d0gofae ............ 190
rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof ...................... 190
t*¢oarm"meESifh rdóuoarm"metxl; ........... 191
Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gof ...................... 191
rlvm,y#duóe ESifh Mo"metxl; ............... 192
rmewf (4)rsKd; ............................. 192
tAÇmef (4)rsKd; ............................. 193
'Pfom;&[ef; ............................ 193
'Pfom;tjym; ............................ 193
y&d0gofusifh&mü t"duusonfh nOfhjywfjcif; &wådapä' (3)yg; 194
rmewfusifh&mü t"duusonfh &wådapä' (4)yg; ......... 195
edu©dwå0wf + tedu©dwå0wf ..................... 195
edu©dwå0wf - csxm;aomenf; (5)enf; .............. 195
tedu©dwå0wf ............................. 197
0wfawmif;jcif; 0wfMum;jcif;rsm; rSwfom;&ef .......... 198
'Pfom;csif;0wfMum; ........................ 198
rmwdum " x
'Pfom;usifh&efrsm; ......................... 199

tdyf&mae&m .............................. 200
&Sdcdk;jcif;ponf rom,maumif; .................. 200
'Pfom;&[ef;tm; txl;tcGifhta&; (5)yg; .......... 201
'Pfom;usifh0wf (94)yg; ...................... 202
oHCm'daooftmywf ukpm;&ef tpDtpOf ........... 202
y&d0gofaqmufwnf&mü tusOf;rSwf&ef ............. 205
aqmufwnf&rnfh0wf a&G;cs,fjcif; ................ 206
zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf\ Mo0g' .............. 207
ur®0g&Gwfzwfenf; oifwef;rS od&SdrSwfom;zG,frsm; ...... 210
AsÍÆeAk'¨d (10)yg; ........................... 210
ur®0gzwf&mü uHysufapwwfaom AsÍÆeAk'¨d (4)yg; ...... 210
odxdv "edwtu©&mcJGyHk ...................... 211
XmefESifh tu©&mwJGpyfyHk ....................... 211
rSm;,Gif;wwfyHkrsm; .......................... 212
rMwm&Gwfzwf rSm;wwfjcif; ..................... 213
0wfaqmufwnf ur®0gawGrSm owdxm;&ef ........... 214
y&d0gofaqmufwnfrnfh yk*¾dKvfrsm; vkdufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm; 215
! "
0denf;ya'om oifwef;
tajccHed'gef;
]]0dea,m emr Ak'ömoeó tm,k?
0dea, Xdaw omoeH XdwH a[mwd/}}
omoemawmfESifh 0denf;
0denf; tqH;k trawmfBu;D onf Ak'j¨ rwfpmG omoemawmfjrwfBu;D \
toufaoG;aMumBuD; jzpfygonf/ 0denf; tqkH;tr wnf&SdcJhaomf
omoemawmf wnfwHhaernf jzpfonf/
0denf; tqH;k rawmfBu;D onf b,frmS wnf&adS tmif BuKd ;pm;tm;-
xkwf&rnfenf;[kqdkaomf rdrd\ &ifxJç tonf;xJç ESvHk;om;xJrSm
wnf&adS tmif tm;xkwu f siahf qmif&rnf jzpfonf/ rdru d , dk w
f idk f 0denf;
w&m;awmf rvku d ef mu rusiahf qmifygu rdro d EÅmefrmS omoemawmf
rwnf&Sdawmhygacs/ omoemawmfjrwfBuD; aevkd vvkd xGef;vif;
awmufyaeonf[k ajymqkad eMuaomfvnf; rdru d ,
kd w
f idk f 0denf;w&m;-
awmftwkid ;f rusiyhf gu rdro
d EÅmefrmS omoemawmf xGe;f vif;awmufy
aeonf[k rqkdEdkifonfudk owdjyKoifhygonf/
0denf;trsdK;rsdK;
oHk;avmuxG#fxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf vljzpfu vlU-
e ! omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf
0denf;ç &SifomraPjzpfu &Sif0denf;ç &[ef;jzpfu &[ef;0denf;[k
vku d ef m usiohf ;kH &ef 0denf;awmfou
d m© yk'f trsK;d rsKd ;udk ynwfxm;awmfrl
cJhygonf/ rdrdudk,fwkdifu vl0wfaMumif jzpfygu vlU0denf;usifh0wf
odu©myk'frsm;? &SifomraPtqifhxd a&mufaeygu &SifomraPwkdY
usi&hf rnfh 0denf;odum© yk'rf sm;? &[ef;awmfjrwftqifx h d a&mufaeygu
&[ef;awmfrsm; usifh&rnfh 0denf;odu©myk'frsm;udk usifhaqmifoifh
usifhaqmifxdkufMuayonf/
tmywftao;pm; ta&;xm;
]]tPkrawåok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D orm'g, odu©wd}}
tPkjrLyrm ao;i,fvpS mG aom tjypftmywfwuYdk kd tvGew f &m
aMumufrufz,
G &f m ab;Bu;D ygwum;[k aqmufwnfí usio hf ;kH &rnf/
]]orÜZmerkom0ga'g acgyem,o®aEÅm tEÅ&m,daum "ar®m
0kawåm b*0wm}}
ao;i,fvSpGmaom orÜZmerkom0g' 'kuú#ftmywfuav;onf
ewf&Gmok*wd psmefr*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fjzpfonf[k bkef;awmfajcmufpHk
wefc;dk *kPEf iS hf jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\
f rdeMYf um;awmfrcl su-f
rsm;udk OD;xdy&f u G yf efqifí vdu k ef musiahf qmifoifMh uygonf/ tmywf
tao;pm;av;rsm;udk ta&;xm; usifhoifhMuonf/
ygwdarmu©oH0&paom oDvBuD;av;yg; usifh&eef}}
]]ygwd
(aqmif) &[ef;usifh0wf? wpfyg;cRwfu? bk&m;rBudKuf? uJh&JUxdkuf\/
&[ef;usifh0wf? wpfyg;wwfu? vlewfOD;cdkuf? ylaZmfxkduf\/
oDvBu;D av;yg; wpfyg;yg; cRw, f iG ;f u bk&m;&Sif rBuKd uyf g? uJ&h UJ -
awmfrlygonf/ oDvBuD;av;yg; wpfyg;yg; usifhaqmifEdkifygu vlawG
ewfawGu OD;cdkufí &Sdckd;ylaZmfxkdufonf[k qkdvdkygonf/
tajccHed'gef; ! y
oDvBuD;av;yg; BudKwifusifhzkdY rvdk[k ,lqMu

wcsKdUq&mrsm;u w&m;ukd tm;xkwf&mü a&SUtzkdYrSm oDvBuD;
av;yg; r&&Sad omfvnf; ta&;rBu;D ? tm;xkwNf y;D aomtcgü oDvBu;D
av;yg; r&&Sdaomfvnf; ta&;rBuD;vS? tm;xkwfwkef; tm;xkwfqJ
tcku
d t
f wefüY om oDvBu;D av;yg; &&Szd Ydk ta&;Bu;D vSonf[k qkMd uyg-
onf/
0w¬Kom"ursm;
"r®pMumw&m; a[mMum;pOfu yÍö0*¾Drax&f ig;OD;ç omwm*d&dç
a[r0wewfbD;vl;ç olaX;orD; r,fumvDç tmVm0ubDvl;ç olpd-
avmrç c&avmrbDv;l ç wHigonft&d,mç wrÁm'gXduck;d om;ç t*Fv k -d
rmvç t&Si, f oç b'´0*¾nD aD emif oH;k usyd ?f &aohnaD emif &Siw f pfaxmifç
&mZN*Kd [jf ynfom; vltrsm;ç om0w¬jd ynfom; vltrsm;wko Yd nf a&SUtzk-Yd
u oDvBu;D av;yg; pdw0å o d 'k wd¨ Ykd BuKd wifí usirhf xm;Muuke?f w&m;em
aepOf tcku d üf oDv0do'k çd¨ pdw0å o d 'k d¨ tvkv
d kd jynfph v
kH mojzifh t&d,m-
rsm; jzpfoGm;MuaMumif; 0w¬Kom"ujyí qkdMuonf/
rusifhzl;ao;u tprS pusifhoifh
yÍö0*¾Drax&f ig;OD;ç omwm*d&dç a[r0wewfbD;vl;ponfwkdY
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f w&m;awmfudk emMum;&½Hjk zifh t&d,m jzpfomG ;Mu&-
jcif;rSm a&S;a&S;aom bk&m;&SifwkdY\ omoemawmfjrwftwGif;wkdYü
oDvBu;D av;yg; "kwiftusirhf sm;ukd ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm urÇmaygif;rsm;pGm
usix hf m;Ny;D olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ rdru d ,
kd w
f idk v
f nf; a&S;a&S;aom bk&m;&Sif
wkdY\ omoemawmfawGtwGif;rSm oDv orm"d ynm usifhpOfrsm;ç
"kwifrsm; usizhf ;l Ny;D om; jzpfcv
hJ Qif vG,v f , G u
f u
l yl if t&d,m jzpfEidk -f
Murnf jzpfonf/ usifhzl;NyD; r[kwfvQifum; vG,fvG,fulul r&Edkif-
aMumif; oabmaygufoifhonf/
z ! omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf
bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmftcgu w&m;emMum;½HkrQjzifh w&m;r&-
olawGç ckepf&ufusifhrS wpfv wpfESpf oHk;ESpfponf usifhrS w&m;&
olawGç wcsKUd w&m;r&bJ ykxZk Ofb0ESiyhf if ed*;kH csKyo
f mG ;&olawG rsm;pGm
&So
d nf/ ,cktcgwGiv f nf; rdrud b,ftrsK;d pm;wGif yg0ifavoenf;¿
rodEikd v
f Qif tpuaeí oDv0do'k u d¨ pí tpOftwkid ;f usio hf mG ;&rnf-
[k ,lqoifhygonf/
pmar;yGJ acwfpm;vm
,ckacwfumvü pmar;yGJ OD;pm;ay;oifMuaom acwftcg jzpf-
aeí pmcsorl sm;ESihf pmoifMum;aeMuolrsm;rSm 0denf;bmom&yfonf
vG,fulaom bmom&yfjzpfonf[k ,lqNyD; BudK;pm;oifMum; ydkYcsrI
rjyKMuacs/ wpfpwpfpESihf 0denf;usiahf qmifrrI sm;vnf; tm;enf;vm-
Muonf/ 0denf;w&m;awmfonf usifhaqmif&rnf r[kwfbJ pmar;yGJ
ajz½Hk A[kokwjzpf½Hk oif,l&aom bmom[kyif ,lqvmcJhMuonf/
0denf;awmfusifh&ef tm;enf;
pmar;yGJ ajzqkdzkdY r[kwfbJ 0denf;awmfukd wu,fvufawGU
usi&hf ef od&ef vdtk yfaeonf[k xifjrif ,lqrdygonf/ tb,fah Mumifh
qkad omf y#dywfusio hf rl sm;uvnf; ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvpaom oDv-
BuD;av;yg; a&S;tzkdYu usifh&efrvkd[k ,lqaeMuaomaMumifhvnf;-
aumif;ç y&d,wf oifMum;olrsm;uvnf; pmar;yGu J dk ODpm;ay; oifae-
MuaomaMumifv h nf;aumif; 0denf;awmfusi0hf wfrsm;ç oDvusiphf Ofrsm;
rsufESmi,fae&ygonf/ 0denf;awmfvm usifhpOfrsm;ç 'kuú#f 'kAÇmoD
paom tmywfti,fpm; odu©myk'frsm; od&Sdol enf;yg;vm&onf/
usifhzkdY&ef rvkd[k xifjrif ,lqvmMuonf/ 0denf; wu,fusifholawG
tm;enf;vm&onf/
tajccHed'gef; ! A
0denf;awmfukd ta&;xm;aom Xme

armfvNrKd iNf rKd Uzm;atmufawm& pdwv å awmifausmif;ç ysO;f uwk;d -
ausmif;ç uRwJ nif;ausmif;ç pBuaø usmif;ç edaj*m"m½Hak usmif;ç a&Tjcaoh-F
ausmif; &[ef; &Sio f mraP oDv&Sif trsK;d om;a,m*D trsK;d orD;a,m*D
(700)ausmrf Q tkycf sKyx f ed ;f odr;f awmfr&l aom zm;atmufawm&q&m-
awmf t&Sijf rwfonf 'ku#ú f 'k AmÇ oDpaom tmywftao;pm;av;rsm;rS
pí aMumifhMujyK xdef;odrf;usifhMu&ef tjrJwrf; ñTefMum; qHk;rawmfrl
ygonf/
0denf;ya'omoifwef;
aus;Zl;awmf&iS f zm;atmufawm&q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D ESihf em,u
tzGJU oHCmh0efaqmiftzGJU q&mawmfrsm;rS tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfí
Oykoaf eYwidk ;f 0denf;usi0hf wfoifwef;ç y&d0gofoifwef;ç "kwif (13)yg;
usiphf Ofoifwef;rsm; oifMum;ay;&ef wm0efay;tyfaomaMumifh Oyko-f
aeYwkdif; 0denf;awmfoifwef; ykdYcsay;cJh&ygonf/ 0denf;awmfoifwef;
ykdYcsaomtcg uGefysLwmynm&Sifrsm;tzGJYrS pm&Gufpmwef;uav;rsm;
BudKwif ½kdufay;rnfqkdojzifh pm&Gufuav;rsm;ü oifwef;pmrsm;
a&;ay;cJh&onf/ xkdoifwef;pm&Gufuav;rsm;jzifh OykofaeYwkdif;
oifwef;rsm; ykdYcsay;cJh&onf/
oifwef;pmtkyfrsm; jzpfay:vm
bkwvifq&mawmfrS 0denf;oifwef;ç wefq Y nfq&mawmfrS "kwif
oifwef;ç yJcl;vif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfrS tmemyge "mwfur®|mef;
usifhpOfoifwef; ykdYcsay;cJh&ygonf/ y&d0gofoifwef;ukdvnf; zm;-
atmufawm&q&mawmfrS yJc;l vif;a&mifMunfq&mawmftm; wm0ef-
ay; a&;om;apcJhygonf/ xkdYaMumifh --
b ! omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf
1/ 0denf;ya'omoifwef;?
2/ "kwif 13-yg; usifhpOfoifwef;?
3/ y&d0gofoifwef;?
4/ tmemyge "mwfur®|mef;usifhpOfoifwef; [k --
oifwef;pmtkyfuav;rsm; jzpfay:vm&ygonf/ oifwef;pmtkyf
(4)tkyfvHk;yif yJcl;omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfrS wm0ef,l
a&;om;í uGefysLwmynm&Sifrsm;wkdYu pmtkyfuav;awG oefY&Sif;
oyf&yf aumif;rGevf matmif jyifqif wnf;jzwf okwo
f if aqmif&u
G -f
ay;MuaomaMumifh oifwef;pmtkyfrsm; jzpfay:vm&ygonf/
usrf;ukd; usrf;um; pmtkyfrsm;
tqkdyg oifwef;pmrlrsm; (4)rlukd oifwef;taejzifh a&;om;
jyKpkxm;aom pmtkyfrsm; jzpfygonf/ xkdoifwef;pmrlrsm; jzpfay:-
vm&ef ---
1/ awmifNrdKU r[m*E¨m½kHq&mawmf\ ygwdarmufbmom#Dumç
oN*ØK[fbmom#Dumç ukd,fusifhtbd"r®m pmtkyfrsm;? anmifav;yif
awm&q&mawmf\ 0dok'¨dr*ft&omç r[m0gt&omç plV0gt&omç
y&d0gt&om pmtkyrf sm;? rk&H mG NrKd U v,fwq
D &mawmfb&k m;\ 'DyeDaygif;-
csKyf pmtkyfrsm;? armfvNrdKifNrdKU zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf\ edAÁme-
*grdeyd #dy'g (5)wGJ pmtkyrf sm;? ygwdarmu©ar'de?D rdvEd y´ O§mpmtkyrf sm;?
ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumqkid &f m pmtkyrf sm;rS aumif;Ek;d &m&m rSwv f , G f
odvG,fapjcif;iSm pDpOf wifjyxm;ygonf/ xkdjyif jrefrmpG,fpHkusrf;-
rSvnf; xkwfEkwf wifjyxm;ygaMumif; odaptyfygonf/ aqmifyk'f
vuFmrsm;rSmvnf; txufazmfjyyg q&mawmfrsm;\ aqmify'k v f uFm-
rsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfukd awGUjrif zwf½IEkdifygonf/
tajccHed'gef; ! r
0denf;ya'omoifwef; tpDtpOf
0denf;ygVdrmS vmonft h wkid ;f Oa'ótpOfç odum© yk't
f pOftwkid ;f
rwifjyawmhbJ ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvç £È, ´d oH0&oDvpaom oDv-
Bu;D av;yg; tawmfpv kH ifatmif &SmazG wifjyoGm;Ny;D yg&mZdutmywfç
oHCm'daooftmywfpaom tmywf (7)yHk jynfhpHkpGm &SmazG qufpyf
wifjyxm;ygonf/ xkv’pöOf;tmywfç 'kuú#ftmywfç 'k AÇmoDtmywf
oifha&mufyHkrsm;ukdvnf; &EkdiforQ pkaqmif;&SmazGum qufpyfwifjy
xm;ygonf/ tmywf (7)yHk oifha&mufyHkrsm;ukd od&avaomaMumifh
xkdtmywfwkdYrS roifha&muf&avatmif a&SmifMuOfaeEkdifap&ef &nf-
oefí þ0denf;ya'omoifwef;ukd a&;om;wifjyí oifwef;pmtkyf
taejzifh a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfygownf;/
b'ÉÅaum0d'gbd0Ho
omoemhvif;a&mifMunf (yJcl;)
zm;atmufawm& pdwåvawmifausmif;
armfvNrdKifNrdKU
1367-ckESpf? 0gqkdvqef; (1)&uf/
, ! omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf
&wewå,yPmr
0de,H a'ouH Ak'¨H? 0de,H "r®rkwårH/
oHCÍö 0de,mpm&H? 0E´mrd &wewå,H/ (yxsm0wå*gxm)
0de,H = tqH;k tr enf;vrf;usatmif ñTejf yxkwq f dk 0denf;a'o-
emawmfu/dk a'ouH = raumif;jrpfwm aumif;&mukjd y tcsK;d usatmif
a[mMum;awmfrlaom/ Ak'¨Íö = odp&mrSeforQ rusef&atmif rkcs
xifxif odjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;ukdvnf;aumif;/ OwårH =
vlUjynfewf&yf avmu"mwfwGif qwfqwfraoG jrwfvSayaom/
0de,H = vl&Sif&[ef; tqifhtwef;tavsmuf oabmaygufatmif
arQmfaxmuf½Ijrif ynwfwifí qHk;rawmfrltyfaom/ "r®Íö = 0de,
"r®u©ef okwåef tbd"r®m trSefñTefjy w&m;"r®ukdvnf;aumif;/
0de,mpm&H = ESpf&mESpfq,fcGefepfoG,fESifh ynwfawmfrlay uka#
ukd;axmifausmf odu©myk'fawmf usifh0wf0denf;wkdYukd usifhaqmifawmf
rlaom/ oHCÍö = orkwd t&d,m ESpjf zmaom oHCmawmfjrwftaygif;-
ukdvnf;aumif;/ &wewå,H = bk&m; w&m; oHCmtm;jzifh jrifhjrwf
ayawmif; &wemoHk;yg;taygif;ukd/ t[H = aum0d'[k emrrSnfhac:
bk&m;wynfhawmfonf/ t[H = 0denf;ya'om aocsmwifhqef; þ
oifwef;pmukd jzpfvmzkdY ta&;""" MuHpnfawG;í ppfaq;orI tav;*½k
jyKum rsm;vSpmG aom usr;f pmtjzmjzmwkrYd S tmywfcek pfck pHak tmifjyKí
pkaqmif;wifjy aum0d'[k emrrSnahf c: bk&m;wynfah wmfonf/ 0E´mrd
= tEÅ&m,fuif;aysmuf usrf;NyD;ajrmufzkdY csD;ajr§mufaxmyem vGefpGm
MunfE;l o'¨gxl;jzifh a&SUOD;wifay ½kad ojrwfE;dk rmefñw
G u
f sK;d um &Scd ;dk yg\
bk&m;/
0denf;ya'omoifwef; ! 1
earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/
edAÁmef
p&PusifhpOf 15-yg; + 0dZÆmtodÓPf 8-yg;
Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfb&k m;\ a[mMum;vrf;ñTeaf wmfrcl sut f & edAmÁ ef-
csrf;omonf tjrwfqHk; taumif;qHk;csrf;om jzpfygonf/ ½kyfemrf"r®
ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk csKyNf ird ;f at;csr;f rI "mwfoabm jzpfonf/ Ak'b
¨ mom-
0ifwdkY\ txG#ftjrwfqHk; aemufqHk;yef;wdkifonf edAÁmefcsrf;omodkY
qdkufa&muf rsufarSmufjyKEdkifa&;yif jzpfonf/
edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk tvd&k adS omolonf p&Pusiphf OfEiS hf 0dZmÆ tod-
ÓPf ESpfrsKd;vHk; vdktyfaMumif; odoifhygonf/ p&PusifhpOfrSm ajc-
axmufESifh wlNyD; 0dZÆmtodÓPfrSm rsufpdESifh wlygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ 0dZÆmp&PorÜEé*kPfawmftzGifhwGif ]p&P-
tjym; wpfq,fih g;wnf; oH;k yg;&Spjf zm ÓPf0Zd mÆ wdEYk iS hf jynfph akH wmfryl g-
ay\}[k a[mMum;xm;awmfryl gonf/ p&Pusiphf Of wpfq,fih g;yg;ESihf
0dZÆmtodÓPf &Spfyg;wdkYudk od&SdEdkif&ef wifjytyfygonf/
p&PusifhpOf 15-yg;
oDvoH0&ç £È, d´ oH0&ç abmZaerwånKwmç Zm*&d,mEka,m-
*wmç o'¨gç owdç [d&Dç MowåyÜç A[kókwç 0D&d,ç ynmç yxrpsmefç
2 ! omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf
'kw,
d psmefç wwd,psmefç pwkwp¬ smef (pwkueú nf; psmefav;yg;) aygif;
wpfq,fhig;yg; jzpfonf/
(aqmif) oDç £Hç abmç Zm? owfç psmef jzm? rSwfyg p&P wpfq,fhig;0/
0dZÆm (8) yg;
1/ 0dyóemÓPf
2/ raemr,d'¨dÓPf
3/ £'¨d0d"ÓPf
4/ y&pdwå0dZmeeÓPf
5/ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf
6/ 'dAÁpu©KÓPf
7/ 'dAÁaomwÓPf
8/ tmo0u©,ÓPf[k 0dZÆm&Spfyg; jzpfonf/
(aqmif) 0dç raemç £? y&pd? ykç 'dç aomç tm &Spf0dZÆm/
p&PESifh 0dZÆm tusOf;
oDvusifhpOfç orm"dusifhpOfç ynmusifhpOf[k tusOf;tm;jzifh
oHk;rsKd;oHk;yg; &ygonf/ oDvrSm pm&dwåoDvç 0g&dwåoDv[k ESpfyg;?
orm"drSm cPduorm"d Oypm&orm"d tyÜemorm"d[lí oHk;yg;?
ynmrSm avmuDynm avmukw&å mynm ESpyf g; (wpfenf;) 0dyóem-
ynm r*fynm zdkvfynm[k oHk;rsKd; &Sd\/ tus,ftm;jzifh oDvonf
ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvç £È, d´ oH0&oDvç tmZD0yg&do'k o
d¨ vD ç ypö,-
oEéó d w d oDv [lí av;rsK;d jym;\/ orm"drmS Oypm&psmefç ½lyg0p&-
psmefç t½lyg0p&psmefç avmukwå&mpsmef[k av;rsKd; cGJEdkif\/ ynmü
emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPf paom ÓPfpOfwpfq,fah jcmufyg; cGjJ cm;rSwo f m;
Edkif\/
yd#uwfESifh usifhpOf
yd#uwfoHk;oG,f edum,fig;&yf "r®u©E¨maygif; &Spfaomif;av;-
axmifukd tusO;f csK;H vQif aAm"dyu©,
d w&m; (37)yg; &\/ ¤if;udk xyfrH
csKH;vQif oDv orm"d ynm odu©mokH;yg;udkyif &onf/
yd#uwf (3) yg;ESifh usifhpOf (3) yg;
oDvusifhpOf 0denf;yd#uwfç orm"dusifhpOf okwåEÅyd#uwfç
ynmusifhpOf tbd"r®myd#uwf[lí jzpfonf/
edum,f (5) yg;ESifh yd#uwf (3) yg; wGJyHk
ck'u
´ edum,fü 0denf;yd#uwfEiS hf tbd"r®myd#uwf[k ,lNy;D 'DC-
edum,f rZösdredum,f oH,kwåedum,f t*Fkwå&edum,fwkdYukd okwåEÅ-
yd#uwf[k ,l&onf/ tm;vHk;aygif;aomf "r®u©E¨maygif; &Spfaomif;-
av;axmif jzpfonf/
0de,yd#u
(0denf; 5-usrf;)
yg&mZduPfygVdawmfç ygpdwfygVdawmfç r[m0gygVdawmfç plV0g
ygVdawmfç y&d0gygVdawmf[k 0denf; (5)usrf; &Sdonf/ t|uxmzGihfç
#DumzGiçhf tEk#u
D mzGiçhf *P²çd a,mZemwdYk zGiq
hf x
kd m;aom usr;f wdu
Yk ykd g
oif,l rSwfom; Munfh½IMu&onf/
okwåEÅyd#u
okwf 3-usrf; ( = edum,f 4-&yf)
okwfoDvu©efç okwfr[m0gç okwfygax,s[k oif½dk;usrf;ü
(3)usrf;[k qdkaomfvnf; 'DCedum,fç rZösdredum,fç oH,kwåedum,fç
t*Fkwå&edum,fvm okwåEÅw&m;awmfwdkYonfvnf; okwåefa'oem-
awmfrsm;yif jzpfMuonf/ ck'úygXç "r®y'ç O'ge paom (19)usrf;-
onfvnf; ck'úedum,f okwåEÅw&m;wdkYyif jzpf\/
tbd"r®myd#uwf
(tbd"r®m 7-usrf;)
"r®o*FPu D sr;f ç 0dbif;usr;f ç "mwkuxmusr;f ç yk*v¾ ynwfusr;f ç
uxm0w¬Kusrf;ç ,rdkufusrf;ç y|mef;usrf;[lí tbd"r®m (7)usrf;
&So
d nf/ þodv Yk Qif 0denf; (5)usr;f ç tbd"r®m (7)usr;f ç okweå f (41)usr;f
[lí usrf;aygif; (53)usrf;? pmtkyfaygif; (40) &Sdonf/ þum;
ygVdawmfrQ jzpfonf/
0denf;a'oemawmf
0daewDwd 0dea,m? 0daoaoe ,m {w¬mwd 0dea,m? 0d0da"e
,m {w¬mwd 0dea,m-
a,m-[k t|uxmq&mwdkY zGifhqdkMuonfh tm;avsmf
pGm qHk;rwwfaomaMumifh 0denf;? xl;aomenf; &SdaomaMumifh 0denf;?
txl;xl; tjym;jym;aom enf;wdkY &SdaomaMumifh 0denf;[k qdkonf/
0denf;oif½dk;
0denf; (5)usr;f udk ÓPftm;enf;olwYkd rSwv f ,
G af p&ef a'Grmwd-
umç ck'ódu©mç rlvodu©mç ucFgt|uxm[k a&S;q&mwdkY oif½dk;jyKí
oifay;awmfrMl uonf/ bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;qH;k rxm;awmfral om 0denf;
odum© yk'wf u Ykd kd oabmwl&m pkaygif;í yxro*Fg,em wifpOftcgu
&[EÅmt&Sijf rwfwo Ykd nf 0denf; (5)usr;f o*Fg,em wifawmfrMl uonf/
t|uxmç #Dumç a,mZemç *P²dç jrefrmtzGifh 'DyeDç bmom#Dum-
q&mawmfw\ Ykd aus;Zl;aMumifh 0denf;w&m;wdu Yk kd em;vnfatmif oif-
,lcGifh &cJhMuonf/
,cktcg pmar;yGJtm;ay;Muaom acwftcgjzpfaomaMumihf

0denf;tar;tajz pmtkyfrsm;vnf; ay:vmonf/ þodkYvQif tzGifh-
usr;f *efpmtkyaf wG rsm;jym;vmí pmoifom;avmuü tm;vH;k pHak tmif
ravhvmEdkif roif,lEdkifMubJ jzpfvmMuonf/
oifvG,fç rSwfvG,fç aqmifvG,fapjcif;iSm þoifwef;pmtkyfü
oDvusiphf Ofç orm"dusiphf Ofç ynmusiphf Of (3)yg;wGif oDvusiphf Ofrsm;udk
oifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
oDvusifhpOf tusOf; (2) rsKd;
pm&dwo å vD ç 0g&dwo
å v
D [k tusO;f tm;jzifh (2)rsK;d &So
d nf/ r[m0g
cEüç plV0gcEürS vmaom jznfhusifh&rnfh q&m0wfç wynfh0wfç
aoemoe0wfpaom usi0hf wfov D rsm;udk ]]pm&dwo
å v
D }}[k ac:onf/
apwemudk t&aumuf&onf/ pdwfaumif;ç apwemaumif;&SdolwdkY
jznfhusihfEdkifMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk pm&dwåoDv[k ac:onf/
0g&dwåoDvrSmum; wm;jrpfxm;aom a&SmifMuOf&rnfh yg&mZduç
oHCm'daoofpaom odu©myk'foDvrsm;udk ac:onf/ 0d&wDudk t&-
aumuf&onf/ udk,fç EIwfç ESvkH; oHk;yg;vHk;wdkYjzifh a&SmifMuOfxdef;odrf;
apmifha&SmufMu&onf/ raem'Gg&oufoufü tmywfroifhEdkif[k
qdkaomfvnf; raem'Gg&pdwfudk y"mexm; a&SmifMunf&rnf jzpfonf/
oDv (4) rsKd;
1/ ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvç
2/ £È´d,oH0&oDvç
3/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvç
4/ ypö,oEédódwoDv[k oDv (4)rsKd; &Sdonf/
1/ ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv
apmifhxdef;ol usifhMuHvdkufemoludk tyg,fqif;&JponfwdkYrS
vGwfapwwfaomaMumifh ]ygwdarmu©} ud, k f E I w f wdkYudk rvGefusL;jcif;
wnf;[laom apmifhxdef;jcif;aMumifh ]oH0&} rnf\/ &[ef;awmfwdkY-
twGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio
f nf ynwfawmfrt l yfaom tusO;f (227)-
oG,fç &[ef;rrsm;twGuf (304)oG,f odu©myk'f a wmf wdkYonf ygwd-
armu©oH0&oDv[laom ay,smvrkctm;jzifh jyawmfrltyfaom
uka#aygif; udk;axmifausmf (91805036000)odu©myk'fwdkY\ rlv
tajccH jzpfMuí ta&;tBu;D qH;k rSwof m;oifh rSwo f m;xdu k f usurf w
S -f
oifh usufrSwfxdkufvSygonf/ aemufü tus,fa0zefjyygOD;rnf/
(aqmif) udk;axmifwpf&m? &Spfq,fom? ocsFmuka# xkwf/
ig;oef; oH;k aomif;? ajcmufaxmifaygif;? rsm;awmif; odum© yk'/f
2/ £È´d,oH0&oDv
pu©KaÈ´ç aomwdaÈ´ç CmedaÈ´ç Zd0SdaÈ´ç um,daÈ´ç redaÈ´ £aÈ´
ajcmufyg; rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç udk,fç pdwf wHcg;ajcmufaygufwdkYudk
vHkjcHKatmif apmifhpnf;jcif; jzpfonf/ rsufpdjzifh ½IMunfhjcif; ponf
wdkYwGif ½lyg½Hkpaom tm½HkwdkYtay:ü edrdwå*¾g[D (= a,mufsm; rdef;r
vSçrvS ponf trSwjf yKjcif;) tEkAsÍeö *¾g[D (= vufajcoP²mef jyKH ;[ef
&,f[ef paom tpdwftydkif;wdkYudk tm½HkjyKjcif;) r&Sdrlí £w¬d yk&do
(= rde;f r[k a,mufsm;[k odaMumif;) edrw d t f rSwt f om;wdu Yk kd r,ltyf/
tqif; toH teHY t&om tawGUtxd tm½Hw k u
Ykd kd cifrifp&m ESpo f uf-
p&m wG,fwmp&m ponf tvdkBuD;jcif; tbdZÑmç rkef;p&m trsuf-
xGufp&m pdwfqdk;p&m ESvHk;rom,mp&m a'greó ponfwdkYudk
rwdk;yGm;atmif owdxm;í apmifhpnf;&\/ um,ç a0'emç pdwåç "r®
owdy|mefav;yg; yGm;rsm;aeoifhonf/ owdy|mefw&m; wpfckck
yGm;rsm;aevQif £È´d,oH0&oDv vkHjcHKrnf jzpfonf/

3/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDv
toufarG;jcif;wnf;[laom taMumif;aMumifh ygPmwdygwç
t'dEmé 'geç umarokrpd mä pm& um,'kp½du k f (3)yg;? rkom0g'ç ydoP k -
0gpmç z½ko0gpmç oræyv Ü my0gpmç 0pD'pk ½du
k af v;yg; aygif; (7)yg;wdrYk S
a&SmifMuOfvQif or®mtmZD0 jzpf\/
toufarG;jcif;[laom taMumif;r&SdbJ oufouf 0pD'kp½dkuf
(4)yg;rS a&SmifMuOfvQif or®m0gpmjzpf\/ toufarG;jcif;[laom
taMumif;r&Sbd J oufouf um,'kp½du k f (3)yg;rS a&SmifMuOfvQif or®m-
ur®EÅ[k 0d&wD (3)yg;udk tusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;xm;yg/
xdk (3)yg;wdw
Yk iG f or®mtmZD0\ qefu Y sib f uf tjyeftm;jzifh rdpmä -
tmZD0jzpfykH rsm;rsm;oabmaygufatmif avhvmrSwo f m;yg/ xdaYk Mumifh
rdpämtmZD0[lonf raumif;aomtm;jzifh rrSefuefaomtm;jzifh
toufarG;&aom cdk;qdk;wdkufcdkuf vk,ufowfjzwf vdrfnmç tEdkif-
txufjyKí pD;yGm;&Smjcif;? rkqdk; wHig om;ig;arG;jrLa&;vkyfí touf
arG;jcif;? rw&m; a&SUaevdu k jf cif;? vmbfay; vmbf,jl cif;? wHp;kd vuf-
aqmif ,ljcif;? owfrSwfxm;aom vcç vkyftm;cxuf tydk&atmif
MuaH qmif pD;yGm;&Sm toufarG;jcif;rSeo f rQwoYkd nf rdpmä tmZD0 (raumif;
aom toufarG;jcif;) jzpfonf/ tav; wif; awmif; csdefcGif vdrfí
a&mif;0,fjcif;wdkYonfvnf; rdpämtmZD0[kyif qdk&onf/ vlukefoG,f
jcif;ç vufeufukefoG,fjcif;ç tqdyfukefoG,fjcif;ç rl;,pfaq;0g; ukef
oG,fjcif;ç om;pm; arG;jrLa&;vkyfjcif;jzifh pD;yGm;&Smjcif;onfvnf;
rdpämZD0yif jzpfonf/
&[ef;awmfrsm;rSm toufarG;jcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh
ynwfawmfrt
l yfaom odum© yk'f (6)yg;? vGeu
f sL;jcif;jzifh ,kwrf maom
toufarG;jcif;? 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYtm; csD;ajr§mufaxmufyHhjcif;iSm
yef;ay;jcif;ç opfo;D ay;jcif; paom ukv'loe (8)yg;? ypön;f &SmazG&mü
uk[e (3)yg;? vye (13)yg;? aerdwåduwm (6)yg;? edayÜoduwm
(11)yg;? taeoe (21)yg;? vmbç ouúm&ç odavmuç ygydpäm
taMumif;wdkYjzifhvnf;aumif;ç vmabe vmbedZD*DoewmwdkYjzifh-
vnf;aumif;ç ty0g&dw tnmwu0dnwådwdkYaMumifhvnf;aumif;
&aom ypönf;jzifh toufarG;jcif;? jA[®Zmvokwfvm wd& päme0dZÆm-
wdkYjzifhvnf;aumif; "mwf½dkuf"mwfqif aA'ifa[mjcif;? aq;ukjcif;?
csJtwdwf xDtwdwf ay;jcif;wdkYjzifhvnf;aumif; &aom ypönf;wdkYjzifh
,kwfrmaom toufarG;jcif;onf rdpämZD0 rnf\/
tmZD0odu©myk'f (6) yg;ponfwdkY\ tus,f
tenmnmya'aoe? 'ka0 tblwudwåem/
oÍö&dwåm a'G yPDwm? olayg'eEÅd q ZD0g/
toufarG;jcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh (0g) toufarG;rI
acsmifcso
d ufomatmif ,kwrf maom tvdq k ;kd jzifh rdrüd xif&mS ;r&Sad om
Owå&drEkó"r® psmefr*fzdkvfw&m;wdkYudk vdrfnm0g<um;í ajymqdktHh -
pwkw¬yg&mZdu/ xdkYtwl toufarG;rIaMumifh rdef;r a,mufsm; ESpfOD;-
om;wdkY\ atmifoG,f atmifwrefvkyftHh - oÍö&dwåoHCm'daoof?
rdrad usmif;'umtm; oif\ ausmif;üaeaom q&mawmfonf &[EÅm
jzpfonf ponfjzifh olwpfyg;udk ajymovdkvdk ñTefí oG,f0dkufí
ajymqdktHh - odvQif xkv’pöOf;? rodvQif 'kuú#f/ yPDwabmZOfudk
remrzsm;bJ rdrdtvdkYiSm awmif;pm;tHh - ok'ÿgpdwf? bdu©KeDronf
yPDwudk;rsKd;udk awmif;pm;tHh - yg#da'oeD/ [if;udkvnf;aumif;ç
xrif;udv k nf;aumif; rdrt
d vdiYk mS qGr;f cH&yfjcif;rsK;d r[kwb f J awmif;-
pm;tHh - olayg'e0dnwåd 'kuú#f? þodkY odu©myk'fajcmufck &Sdonf/
ukv'loe (8) yg;

'g,um 'g,dumrwd\ Yk yifukd omoemawmfukd MunfnKd aeonfh
o'¨gw&m; ysujf ym;atmif yef;ay;jcif;ç opfo;D ay;jcif;ç a&csK;d uo,f-
rIefYay;jcif;ç ajrnufay;jcif;ç 0g;ay;jcif;ç 'efylay;jcif;ç ajcjzifh oGm;í
ypönf; pum; o,faqmifay;jcif;ç aq;ukay;jcif;[k &SpfrsKd; &Sdonf/
oHCm\ Opömjzpfaom ajrnufç yef;paom *½kbPfypön;f wdu Yk kd tpd;k &-
ojzifh (0g) udk,fydkif xifí ay;aom &[ef;tm; ukv'loe'kuú#fESifh
wuG xkvp’ Oö ;f tmywf oif\ h / cd;k vdak om pdwjf zifh ay;aom&[ef;tm;
ypönf;wefzdk;tvdkuf 'kuú#fç xkv’pöOf;ç yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
tus,fudk ukv'louodu©myk'fwGif xyfrH jyqdkygrnf/
(aqmif) yGifhç oD;ç rIefYç ajr? 0g;ç ylç ajc? 0aZÆ 'l&Spfjzm/
uk[e (= tHhMozG,fjyKjcif;) oHk;yg;/
1/ ypö,y#dao0euk[em?
2/ omrEÅZyÜeuk[em?
3/ £&d,myxoEédódwuk[em
em[k tHhMozG,fjyKjcif; oHk;yg; &Sd\/
1/ ypö,y#dao0euk[em
'g,um 'g,dumrwdu Yk ypön;f vmbfjzifh vmvSLaomtcg tvd-k
enf;yg;av[ef y,fveS í f twif;vSLvQijf zpfapç rsm;rsm;vSLvQijf zpfap
toifwt Ykd m; cs;D ajrm§ ufaomtm;jzifh tvSLcH&awmhrnf[k qdí k xyfcg
xyfcg vSLcsifatmif vmbfrsm;rsm;&atmif tHhMozG,fjyKjcif; ponf-
wdkYwnf;/
2/ omrEÅZyÜeuk[em
,kwrf maom tvdq k ;kd jzifh psmef&yk*Kd¾ vf t&d,myk*Kd¾ v[f k rSwx f if-
p&mpum;jzifh tHMh ozG,jf yKjcif; olwpfyg;udk ajymouJo h Ykd rdrEd iS hf eD;pyf-
atmifajymjcif;ç tvdq
k ;kd jzifh ud,
k Ef w
I u
f kd vla&SUola&SUü vGepf mG apmif-h
pnf;[efaqmifí tvGef rsufarSmifMuKwfjcif;ç tHhMoapjcif; ponf-
wnf;/
3/ £&d,myxoEédódwuk[em
,kwfrmaom tvdkqdk;jzifh olwpfyg;wdkY csD;rGrf;atmif txifBuD;-
atmif jyKtyfaom oGm;ç &yfç xdik çf avsmif;ç £&d,mykxw f jYkd zifh jyK½;kd jyKpOf
r[kwfbJ jznf;jznf;oufom [efaqmifum vltrsm; jrif&müom
tHMh ozG,jf yKjcif; ponfwnf;/ xdo k Ykd txifBu;D atmif [dw[ f efaqmif
tm;xkwfrIjzifh &avorQ ypönf;wdkYudk oHk;aqmifjcif;onf rdpämZD0yif
jzpf\/
vyem (13) yg; (= ajr§mufyifhíajymjcif;)
vyemç tmvyemç ov’yemç Ov’yemç orkv’yemç OEé[emç
orkE[é emç Ouúmpemç orkumú pemç tEky,
d bmPdwmç pmwkurswmç
rk*¾olyswmç yg&db#swmm[k (13)yg;aom vyemrsm; &Sdonf/
1/ vyem = ypönf;&vdkí ajr§mufyifhíajymjcif;?
2/ tmvyem = 'umu ryifhzdwfbJ ]]igvmcJhrnf}}[k wifBudKí
qdkjcif;? wpfenf; - rnfonfhrif;ç trwfç olaX;ç AdkvfrSL;onf
ighudk tvGef MunfndK\? igonf rnfonfh &mxl;&Sd yk*¾dKvf jzpf\?
ponfjzifh rdrdudk,fudk ajr§mufí qdkjcif;/
3/ ov’yem = 'umwdkYESifh qefYusifrnfudk aMumufí tvdkufoifh
tcGifhay;um aumif;pGm qdkjcif;/
4/ Ov’yem = ausmif;'umBuD;ç &[ef;'umBuD;ç AdkvfrSL;BuD;ç rif;-
uawmfBuD; ponfjzifh ]BuD;}wpfvHk;udk oHk;í ajr§mufum yifhum
qdkjcif;/
5/ orkv’yem = cyfodrf;aom tzdkYtm;jzifh vGefpGm ajr§mufyifhí

qdkjcif;/
6/ OEé[em = qifhumqifhum &pfí qdkjcif;? a&SUESpftcgawGu þ
tcsdefü aumufOD; yJOD; vSLMuonf? ,ck rvSLNyDavm¿ vSL'gef;-
ygrnf[k 0efrcHrcsif; qifhumqifhum &pfí qdkjcif;/
7/ orkE[ é em = cyford ;f aom tzdt Yk m;jzifh vGepf mG &pfywfí qdjk cif;/
8/ Ouúmpem = csD;usL;íjyjcif; þ'g,umonf ighudk b,ftcgrS
rarh? vSLp&m&SdvQif ightm;om vSLonf ponf ajymqdkjcif;/
9/ orkuúmpem = cyfodrf;aom tzdkYtm;jzifh tzefzef csD;usL;í
ajymqdkjcif;/
10/ tEkyd,bmPdwm = trSefudk riJh? cspfcifatmif tzefzef rsm;pGm
qdkjcif;/
11/ pmwkurswm = rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfcsí cifAsm;ç uRefawmfç [kwfuJh
ponfjzifh atmufuspGm qdkjcif;/
12/ rk*¾olyswm = yJaemuf[if;tvm; razmufjyefaom (0g) usuf-
aom yuwdyaJ emufu enf;\? azmufjyefí rusuaf om 0duwd
yJaemufu rsm;\/ xdkYtwl 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkY auseyfatmif
yuwdtrSef enf;í 0duwdtrSm; rsm;rsm; qdkjcif;/
13/ yg&db#swm = uav;i,fwu Ykd kd txde;f onfuo hJ Ykd &ifciG jf zifh ykc;kH jzifh
csDydk;jcif;/
edrdwåuwm (6) yg;
edrdwåuç edrdwåur®ç Mobmoç Mobmour®ç omrEÅZyÜeç
y&duwm
wm[k (6)yg; &Sd\/
1/ edrdwåu = ( edrdwå+edrdwåu+edrdwåuwm) [k oHk;rsKd; cGJjcm;rSwfyg/
trSwfonmudk jzpfapaom um,uH 0pDuH ypönf;vSL&ef trSwf-
&aeatmif jyKrI ajymrIonf edrdwå rnf\/ edrdwfjyKí toufarG;-
olonf edrdwåurnf\/ xdkol\ jzpfaMumif;trlt&monf edrd-
wåuwm rnf\/ ypönf;vmbf&vdkí edrdwfjyKjcif; tvdkjyjcif;
ponfjzifh rsm;aomtjym; &Sd\/
2/ edrdwåur® = pm;aomufzG,f ,laqmifoGm;onfudk jrifvdkufí
]]pm;aomufzG,fawG &cJhMuovm;¿}} ]]rvSLMuawmhNyDavm¿}}
ponfjzifh edrdwfjyKjcif;/
3/ Mobmo = rdrd\ tvdkudk jyjcif;ç &[ef;wdkYtm; þypönf;rsKd;
&Sm;yg;vSonf &cJvSonf ponfjzifh ajymjcif;/
4/ Mobmour® = tvdkjyjcif;udk jyKjcif;ç vmvSLatmif jyKjcif;wnf;/
]]EGm;i,fuav;wdkYonf EdkYpdkYoavm¿ EdkYjywfNyDavm¿ &ufwuf
aomufoavm¿}}[k ar;\/ ]EdkYpdkYao;\}[k qdkvwfaomf ]]r[kwf
wef&m? tu,fí EdkYpdkYvQif &[ef;wdkYtm; EGm;EdkY &ukef&m\}} þodkY
ponfjzifh vmvSLatmif jyKjcif;/
5/ omrEÅZyÜe = vdktyfaom ypönf;odkY eD;uyfatmif qdkjcif;? MuH-
acsmif;ç xef;vsufcJç ig;ajcmufjym;ç qeftdk;ç axmywftdk;wkdYukd
awGUí awGUjrifcyhJ kH edrw
d Of yrm jyqdak om ukvyl u&[ef;Bu;D wpfyg;
0w¬Kjzifh odtyf\/
6/ y&duxm = vdktyfaom vmbf&atmif oG,f0dkufí odkif;0dkif;í
vSnfhywfí ajymjcif;/
edayÜoduwm (11) yg;
udk,fe,fqDudk 0g;jcrf;pdwfjzifh jcpfypfouJhodkY olwpfyg;wdkY\
*kPfowif;ausmfapmrIudk jcpfypfaom olonf wpfenf; - eHYomcJudk
Buw
d af jcí teH&Y mS ouJo
h Ykd olwpfyg;wd\
Yk *kPu
f kd Buw
d af jcí vmbfukd
&Smaomolonf (edayÜaowDwd edayÜoad um) edayÜou d rnf\/ xdo

k \
l
jzpfaMumif;trlt&monf edayÜou d wm rnf\/ ¤if;edayÜou
d wmonf
tauúmoemç 0rÇemç *&[emç Oau©yemç orkau©yemç cdyemç oHcyd emç
ygyemç orÜmyemç t0PÖ[m&dwmç y&yd|durHouwm[k (11)yg;
&Sdonf/
1/ tauúmoem = aMumufí vSLvmatmif qJa&;jcif; (10)yg;jzifh
qJa&;jcif;?
Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØwH/
udavomywåd tauúmom 'o0d"m wxm £ar/
2/ 0rÇem = ESdyfpufí ½Iwfcsí qdkjcif;?
3/ *&[em = o'¨gw&m;enf;ol ponfjzifh tjypfwif uJh&JUjcif;?
4/ Oau©yem = þtvSLü þoludk rajymMuESifh[k y,fxkwfaom
pum;udk qdjk cif;? wpfenf; rvSLaomolukd ]]tvSL&SiBf u;D ygwum;}}
[k ajr§mufí aqmifhcspum; qdkjcif;?
5/ orkau©yem = usKd;aMumif;jyí y,fxkwfaom pum;udk qdkjcif;
(0g) tvSL&Sifo'¨gwHk;BuD; ponfjzifh vGefpGm csD;ajr§muf aqmifhcs-
pum; qdkjcif;?
6/ cdyem = þolonf vljzpfusKd;reyf? ta[mif;om pm;onf[k
jyuf&,favSmifajymif ajymqdkjcif;?
7/ oHcdyem = tvSLcH vmwdkif; vpfvyfonf r&Sd ]ew¬d}udk vSL\[k
vGefpGm jyuf&,fqdkjcif;?
8/ ygyem = rvSLaomol\ tjzpfodkY a&mufatmif ap;eJonf
vljzpfusKd;reyf ponf qdkjcif;?
9/ orÜmyem = cyfodrf;aom tzdkYtm;jzifh rvSLaomol\ tjzpfodkY
a&mufatmif qdkjcif;?
10/ t0PÖ[m&dwm = aMumufí &Suí f ightm; vSLowJ[ h k wpftrd rf S
wpftdrfç wpf&GmrSwpf&Gm aus;Zl;rJhudk aqmifí ajymqdkjcif;?
11/ y&yd|u
d rHouwm = rsuaf rSmufcsKo d m uG,&f mrSm tjypfajymjcif;
(rsufESmcsif; rqdkif0Hhí aemufuG,frS ausmufukef;om;udk zJhpm;-
onfESifh wlaom pum;[lvdk) (0dok'¨dr*ft&om?30/)
vmbedZd*Doewm
vmabe vmbedZd*Doewm = ypönf;vmbfudk &vdkí wpftdrfrS
&aom tmrdotenf;i,fudk aemufwpftdrfodkY aqmifydkYvsuf ydkí
tjrwf&atmif vmbf&Smjcif;? ty0g&dw0dnwåd = vdktyfaomypönf;
tvSLcHyg[k zdwfrefxm;jcif; r&Sdoltm; ypönf;wdkYudk awmif;cHjcif;?
tnmwu0dnwåd = txuf aqG (7)qufç atmuf rsKd; (7)quf
rawmfpyfow
l x Ykd H tmrdoypön;f awmif;cHjcif;? wd&päme0dZmÆ = r*fzv
kd Ef iS hf
zDvmuefYvefY qefYusifbufjzpfí jzpfaom wd&pämeftwwf/
(rSwfcsuf) t*F0dZÆmtwwfç vu©Pma[mtwwfç edrdwfusrf;
twwf ponfjzifh oDvu©ef jA[®Zmvokwfü rsm;pGmvmonf/
taeoe (21) yg;
(aqmif) 1/ rsufopfa&xuf? qGrf;wkHYpGuf? opf&Guf csKd;rIefYyg/
2/ uav;csDo,f? yJ[if;ES,f? cspfzG,f EIwf0gpm/
3/ cdkif;ap&mcH? apwref? ajrusef twwfyg/
4/ acwåt*F? eu©wå? oHk;0 xdk0dZÆm/
5/ aygif;yg 'l&Spf? ESpfq,fhwpf? pifppf aeoem/
(ck'úygX t|uxm - arwåow k tf zGihf)
wpfenf;- 1/ rsufopfa&xuf? cdkif;appGuf? opf&GufcsKd;rIefYyg/
2/ uav;csDo,f? yJ[if;ES,f? cspfzG,f EIwf0gpm/
3/ emcGJvdrf;aq;? 0rf;tefaq;? csufay;qD ESpfjzm/

4/ aygif;yg'l&Spf? ESpfq,fhwpf? pifppfaeoem/
("r®o*FPDrlv#Dum pdwåKyÜg'u@ukvuxmtzGifh ygwdarmu©ar'deD? 152?odkY ½I)
vmb ouúm& odavmu ygydpämrsm;
vmb = ypönf;av;yg; vmbfvmbwdkYudk &vdkjcif;/
ouúm& = vl &Sif&[ef;rsm;wdkY\ tylaZmfudk cHvdkjcif;/
odavmu = NrKd U&GmEdik if u
H rÇmt
Y v,fwiG f xif&mS ;ausmaf pmrI *kP-f
&Sdef owif;BuD;rIwdkYudk vdkvm;jcif;/
ygydpmä = yvDypm ,kwrf maumufuspf qd;k npfrnf;ndK tvd-k
aomhoGrf; &[ef;qef; jzpfjcif;/
edrdwå ponf (4) rsKd;
toufarG;rI pifMu,f&ef tmZD0udk okwfoifaom &[ef;tm;
ypönf;av;yg;wdkYwGif ouFef;ç qGrf; ypönf;ESpfyg;wdkYü edrdwfç Mobmç
y&duxmç 0dnwf (4)rsKd; rtyf? ausmif;ü 0dnwfwpfrsKd; rtyf? edrdwfç
Mobmç y&duxm (3)rsK;d um; "kwifraqmifaom &[ef;tm; tyfpyf\/
aq;ypönf;üum; rusef;rrm tema&m*gjzpfvQif av;rsKd;vHk; tyf\/
t"dyÜm,f
edrdwf = ypönf;udk &nf&G,fí tvdkudk odatmif &dyfum 0Jum
oG,uf m 0duk u
f m qdjk cif; jyKjcif;wnf;/ (Oyrm) ausmif;tvdiYk mS ajrudk
okwo
f ifjcif;? yEéu½f ukd x
f m;jcif; omoemtvH BuKd wifaxmifxm;jcif;
ponf ouFef;ç qGrf;ç aq; enf;wlod/
Mobm = tajzmifhudkrqdk tvdkudkodatmif t&dyfta,mifjyí
qdjk cif;? (Oyrm) wdu
k jf yom'fü aeEdik o
f l 'umwdt
Yk m; tb,fü aeMu-
oenf;/ &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; wdkufjyom'ftyfonf ponfajymqdkjcif;?
ouFef;ç qGrf;ç aq; enf;wlodyg/
y&duxm = y&d,m,ftm;jzifh apmif;csdwfí qdkjcif;wnf;? &[ef;
oHCmtm; ausmif;u usO;f ajrmif;\? qGr;f &Sm;yg;\? ouFe;f qif;&J\?
ponf qdkjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf/
0dnwf = zdwfrefrxm;oludk wdkuf½dkufyif ausmif;vSLavmh? qGrf;-
vSLavmh? ouFef;vSLavmh[k qdkjcif;rsKd;wnf;/
rdpämZD0 (0dok'¨dr*ft&om-47/)
rdpämZD0ESifh pyfí t&SifMobmo (rk'Hk) pD&ifa&;om;awmfrlaom
0denf;Oya'awmfBuD; pmrsufESm (180)ü qdkxm;aom tcsufrsm;udk
þae&mü xyfrHí wifjyvdkygonf/
,kwfrmaom raumif;aom toufarG;jcif;[lonf ---
okwf 0denf; tbd"r®m yd#uwfawmfvmtwdik ;f ½dak oí ½d;k om;-
aom pdwfxm;jzifh jyKjcif;rsKd; r[kwfbJ þodkY &yfaomfç oGm;aomfç
xdik af omfç avsmif;aomf jrifjriforQukd MunfnKd vrd rhf nfrw S í f £&d,m-
ykxfudk ½dkaopGmxm;jcif;? þodkYjyKaomf awm&aqmufwnfaomfç
okomef"w k ifaeaomf vlwYkd cs;D rGr;f MunfnKd vwåUH [k ESv;kH ydu k í f jyKjcif;ç
aqmufwnfjcif;ç aejcif;ç "kwiftrsKd;rsKd; aqmufwnfjcif;? ypönf;
vSLpdrfhaomiSm 'g,umwdkYtm; edrdwfjyKjcif;ç t&dyfta,mifjyjcif;ç
'g,umwdkYtm; ½Iwfcsjcif;ç uJh&JUjcif;ç csD;ajr§mufajymqdkjcif;ç jyuf&,f-
jyKjcif; rdru d kd psmefr*fzv
kd &f ol[k xifatmif psmefr*fzv kd Ef iS hf eD;pyfaom
pum;udk ajymqdjk cif;? txifBu;D atmif igum; þtrnf&adS om q&m\
wynfht&if;wnf;? ig\ q&mum; þrnfaom ausmfMum;aom
q&m\ wynfhwnf; ponfjzifh rdrdvmaom q&mpOfquftEG,f-
\ aumif;aom tjzpfudk 'g,umwdkYtm; odapjcif;? ighudk rnfonfh-
olaX;Bu;D ç trwfBu;D ç ppfAv kd Bf u;D ç 0efBu;D u ud;k uG,o
f nf MunfnKd onf
ponfjzifh 'um 'umrwdkY\ t&Sdeft0gukd oHk;í txifBuD;apjcif;?

rdrdudk cifwG,fatmif ¤if;wdkYtm; a&SUOD;pGm udk,fu pwifí jyHK;&,f-
jcif;? pwifí EIwfqufjcif; avmuGwfysLiSmvkyfjcif;? enf;vrf;rus-
aomfvnf; ¤if;wdkY jyKorQudk vdkufavsmjcif; atmufusaemufuscHí
qufqHjcif;? &Gmol&Gmom; uav;oli,fwdkYudk xdef;,csDydk;jcif;[l-
orQwdkYaMumifh &vmaom ypönf;wdkYjzifh toufarG;jcif;onf rdpämZD0
jzpf\/ 'g,um 'g,dumrwdEYk iS hf qefu Y sirf nfukd aMumufí tvdu
k o
f ifh
tcGiahf y;um aumif;pGm qdjk cif;onf ov’yem rnf\/ (vye = ajrm§ uf
yifjh cif; 13-yg;? jyefMunf)h xdu
k o
hJ Ykd jyKaom &[ef;udk vmbfukd awmifw h
aom &[ef;ç ylaZmfouúm&udk awmifw h aom &[ef;ç tausmt f apmudk
awmifhwaom &[ef;ç ,kwfrmaom &[ef;ç tvdk&r®uf&Sdaom &[ef;ç
,kwfrmaom tvdk&r®ufjzifh ESdyfpufaom &[ef;[k ac:onf/
tcsKdUaom &[ef;wdkYu rdrdwdkY\tay:ü rMunfndKao;aom
olwdkYtm; MunfndKapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;ç MunfndKNyD;aom olwdkYtm;
wdk;í MunfndKapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif; 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYESifh qefY-
usirf nfp;kd í enf;vrf;us rusonfukd y"merxm;bJ ¤if;wd\ Yk tvdo
k Ykd
vdkufavsmí aexdkifajymqdkjcif;jzifh MunfndKjcif;udk cH,lukef\/ þodkY
jyKjcif;onf &[ef;awmfrsm;\ tqifhtwef;udkvnf; edrfhusatmif
jyK&ma&mufonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfESifhvnf; ajzmifhajzmifhBuD;
qefYusifavonf/
bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfrSm &[ef;awmfrsm;\tay:ü rMunfndK-
ao;aom olwdkYtm; MunfndKapcsifonf/ MunfndKNyD;aom olwdkYtm;
wd;k í MunfnKd apcsio f nf/ rSe\ f / odaYk omf edru
hf saom enf;vrf;rsm;udk
oH;k í MunfnKd jcif;udk cH,ul ek af om vyeç ov’ye paom &[ef;wdu Yk -kd
um; bk&m;&Sif pufqyk af wmfr\ l / bk&m;om;awmfyyD D txufwef;usus
0denf;awmfEiS thf nD wnfw h nfrh wfrwf ajymqdak exdik í f vlwuYkd 0denf;-
awmfEiS hf tnDaexdik af om &[ef;wdt
Yk m; ud;k uG,q
f nf;uyf&jcif;onf
jrwf\[k tjrifrSef&Muojzifh rMunfndKao;aom olwdkYuvnf;
MunfnKd avatmif MunfnKd Ny;D aom olwu Ykd vnf; wd;k í MunfnKd av-
atmif 0denf;awmfESifhtnD jyKaom &[ef;wdkYudkomvQif bk&m;&Sif
csD;rGrf;awmfrl\/
'g,umESifh 0denf;pnf;urf;
tppt&m&mü 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYudk rSDcdkí ae&aomaMumifh
&[ef;wdik ;f ¤if;wdEYk iS hf oifo
h ifrh QrQ aetyf\? aeoif\ h / odaYk omf 0denf;-
awmf\ pnf;0dkif;twGif;ü aexdkifae&um; 0denf;awmfESifh rnDaom
t&mrsm;ü ¤if;wd\ Yk tvdo k Ykd rvduk af vsmoifah y/ 'g,um 'g,dumr-
wdkYuvnf; &[ef;awmfrsm;\ tvdkodkY vk d u f a vsm&jcif;udk *kPfi,f-
onf[k r,loifh/ trSefrSm rdrdwdkY jyKpkvSL'gef;aom ukodkvfaumif;rI
tvSL'geonf tvSLcHwdkYESifh oifhavsmfavsmufywfavav rdrdwdkY
'umrsm;taejzifh tusKd;rsm;avav jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh aiGukef
vlyef; oavmuf tusKd;&&Sdavatmif wwfEdkifoa&GU tvSLcH&[ef;-
wdkY\ tvdkodkY vdkufavsmí 0denf;ESifhtnD ukodkvfaumif;rI jyKoifh
jyKtyfayonf/
ESpfOD;ESpfbuf tvdkufodzdkYvdk
tvSL&Si'f g,um 'g,dumrwdo Yk nf tvSLcH&[ef;awmfw\Ykd tvd-k
odkY vdkufavsmouJhodkY tvSLcH&[ef;wdkYuvnf; ESpfOD;ESpfbuf tusKd;-
&Sad pjcif;iSm tvSL&Siw
f Ykd &nfreS ;f xm;onfxufvnf; ydrk ukeaf pbJ rdrd
tvdk&Sdaeaom tyfpyfaom t&m0w¬KwdkYudkvnf; 0denf;ESifhtnD &&Sd-
avatmif ajymqdkñTefMum;wwfzdkY vdkonf/
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYu vSL'gef; axmufyHh
aeMuí rNiKd rjiif rqif;&JbJ 0wf& pm;& tdy&f onf rSe\
f / odyYk gvsuf
enf;vrf; usç rusudk y"merxm;bJ >cif;csufr&SdbJ tvSL&SifwdkY\

tvdkodkY rvdkufavsmavoenf;[lrl rvdkufavsmoifhbJvsuf vdkuf-
avsmjcif;onf 'g,um 'g,dumrwdu Yk kd jrL§ pm;&m acsmph m;&m a&mufí
rdpämZD0tjzpfodkY a&mufrSef;rod a&muf&Sdavonf/ þum; ESpfOD;-
ESpfbufvHk; odxm;zdkY vdktyfaom tcsufrsm; jzpfonf/
[efrvkyfpaumif;
omoem0efxrf; &[ef;aumif;rsm;onf rdru d ,kd u
f kd psmef&yk*Kd¾ vçf
aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*grfç &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ v[ f k rSwxf ifavatmif
[efrvkypf aumif; t,kwq f ;kH tm;jzifh vltrsm;\ txifBu;D pdrahf om-
iSmç csD;rGrf;ylaZmfouúm&udk cH,l&pdrfhaomiSm awm&aqmufwnfjcif;ç
"kwifusifhjcif;ç qGrf;cH<ujcif; ponfwdkYudkaomfrS rjyKtyf rjyKoifhay/
rdrdu wpfpHkwpf&m xkwfaqmifí ajymqdkjcif; rjyKbJ vltrsm;\
csD;rGrf;ylaZmf ouúm&udk arQmfvifhawmifhwí rdrdudk,fudk psmevmbD
psmef&yk*¾dKvfç t&d,myk*¾dKvf[k rSwfxifavatmif [efyefvkyfcJhaomf
'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
vltrsm;txifBuD;cH&jcif;
rdrod nf 0denf;tusiw hf üYkd uspv
f spí f ur®|mef;bm0emtvkyu f kd
yifudk½dk;om;aom pdwf"mwfjzifh tm;BudK;rmefwuf yGm;rsm;\? w&m;-
usifhMuHtm;xkwf\? wpfpwpfpjzifh vlwdkYu rdrdtm; psmef&yk*¾dKvf
t&d,myk*Kd¾ v[ f k xifrw
S Mf u\/ xifrw S Mf uonfth wdik ;f vnf; rdrt
d m;
crf;em;BuD;us,fpGm BudKqdkMu\? vSLzG,f0w¬K trsKd;rsKd; wdkYjzifhvnf;
vSL'gef;ylaZmfMu\/ rdrdtm;vnf; vltrsm;wdkYu psmef&t&d,m
&[EÅm[k xifrSwfaeMuonfukd od\/ odaYk omf rdro d nf psmef&t&d,m
&[EÅm r[kwf olvikd gvdk ykxZk Of&[ef;yJ[k xkwaf zmfaMunmjcif; rjyKbJ
jrHKvsuf ae\/ jrHKí qdwfqdwfaejcif;tm;jzifh [efaqmif&ma&mufí
'ku#ú t
f mywfvnf; tqufrjywf oifo h nf/ &aom ypön;f wdrYk mS vnf;
rpifMu,fí ¤if;wdkYjzifh toufarG;jcif;onfvnf; rdpämZD0yif jzpf-
awmhonf/
r[kwfvQif r[kwfaMumif; 0efcHyg
rdro
d nf txifBu;D cH&í vmbfvmbaygrsm;aomaMumihf wjcm;
&[ef;rsm;tm; wpfqifh vSLjyef\/ xdk&[ef;crsmrSm ae&if;xdkif&if;
bmrQ rjyKbJ txifBuD;atmif [dwf[efaqmifrIjzifh &aomypönf;udk
vufcH oH;k pGrJ jd cif;aMumifh 'ku#ú t
f mywf oifMh uuke\ f / odjYk zpfí olrsm;
pHpk rf;ar;jref;jcif;udk rapmifah vvif/h rdru d kd &[EÅm[kç atmuft&d,m-
[kç psmef&[k xifrSwfaeMuNyD[k odvQifodcsif; r[kwfvQif r[kwf-
aMumif;udk xkwaf zmf0efcH aMunmygav/ xkwaf zmfaMunmNy;D í &aom
ypön;f onf ewfbekH wfeef; ewfMoZmESihf wl\/ *kPo f wif; ausmaf pm-
vdí k usiafh om [DeoDvudk okwo f ifygav olawmfaumif;taygif;wd/Yk
olcdk;BuD; r[mapm&
Ak'j¨ rwfpmG u ud, k rhf mS Owå&rd Ekó"r®vaYkd c:wJh psmefr*fzv kd w f &m;
r&Sb
d eJ YJ [efvyk Nf y;D awmhrsm; nmaevdkY&&dS if (vlawGukd vSnphf m;vdrn f m-
aevd&Yk &dS if) bke;f Bu;D wdYk Ak'j¨ rwfpmG u olc;kd Bu;D vdu
Yk kd trdeaYf wmf &Syd gw,f/
]r[mapm&}
]r[mapm&}}} wJh-[k aus;Zl;awmf&Sif r[m*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
]]r[mapm&}
t&SiZf eumbd0o H \ tajcjyK y|mef;w&m;awmfü azmfjyxm;ygonf/
pmoifom;ESifh pmoifwdkuf
yifudk ½kd;om;aom pdwf"mwfjzifh r[kwfbJ vltrsm;\ csD;rGrf;
ylaZmfouúm&vmbfvmb awmifw h í ausmaf pmvdík 0denf;av;pm;-
[efjzifh pmayudv k nf; roif,al vvif?h pmoifwu dk wf u
Ydk vkd nf; rzGi-hf
avvif/h olwpfyg;udk ESrd cf svkd csKycf s,v
f í
kd pmoifvQif ydí k yif qd;k ao;-
\/ uóybk&m;&Sio f moemawmfü uydv&[ef;onf pmwwfy*k Kd¾ v-f

Bu;D jzpf\/ wynfih g;&mausmt f m; pmayydcYk say;aeaom q&mBu;D wpfql
jzpf\/ tpfu&kd [EÅmBu;D u qdq k ;kH ronfukd remcH rmefrme wufaeol
txifBu;D aeolwnf;/ vZÆo D al wmfaumif;wdu Yk kd pmjzifh csKycf s,\
f ? tar
ESr tpfrwdu Yk kd oHCu
d ypön;f rsm; ay;urf;\? xdaYk Mumifh aoaomtcg
t0DpdodkY a&muf&\/ ,ck a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxufü ykyf-
a[mifaom yg;pyfjzifh a&Tig;Bu;D jzpf\/ bk&m;&Sif rsuaf rSmufwiG f rdr\ d
jzpftifukd ajymjyí aoqH;k Ny;D t0Dpid &JoYkd jyefomG ;&\/ ("r®y'? wPSm-
0*f?24)
tvZÆD pmwwfvQif tyg,f&ud m© tyg,fp&dwf jynfph \ kH / þenf;-
rsK;d um; pmoifjcif;xuf pmoifwudk zf iG jhf cif;xuf pmroifbçJ pmoif-
wdkufrwnfbJ tdyfaejcif;u ydkjrwfao;\/
w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;ESifh &dyfomaxmifjcif;
ausmfapmxif&Sm;vdkíç vmbfvmbaygrsm;vdkíç udk,fhausmif;-
wku
d f pnfum;Bu;D yGm;vdí
k ud, k w
f ikd v
f nf; w&m;tm;xkwo f nfç olrsm;-
udkvnf; w&m;jyonfç &dyfomzGifhonf[k &dyfomraxmifavvifh?
(onf,ek jf rifí onfcsKx H iG o
f nfEiS hf wl\/) tjriftm;jzifh aumif;o-
avmuf twGif;pdwfxm; aumufuspfvSí edAÁmefodkY ra&mufbJ
tyg,fodkY a&mufcsdrfhrnf/
vmbfvmb &&efESifh edAÁmefa&muf&ef
]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ...vmbfvmbudk rSDí usifhaom tusifh-
rnfonfum; wpfrsKd;wjcm;wpfyg; jzpf\/ edAÁmefodkY a&muf&ef
tusifhonfum; wpfrsKd;wjcm; wpfyg; jzpf\/ þodkY usifhonf&Sdaomf
vmbfyal Zmfouúm&udk &ayvwåUH [lí t&nuif"w k ifç okomef"w k if
paom tusiu hf kd jyKusiahf om &[ef;tm; tyg,fav;bHw k o
Ykd nf wHcg;
[if;vif;yGiuhf ek í
f omvQif wnfuek \ f / edAmÁ efoYkd a&mufapwwfaom
tusifhjzifh jzpfay:vmaom ausmif; ouFef; qGrf; aq; paom
vmbfyal Zmfouúm&udk y,fcmG pGeyYf pfvsuf opfyif&if;ç awmç qdwNf ird &f m
t&yfodkY 0ifNyD; aumif;rGefpGm aphaqmfBudK;ukwf vkHYvOóm[0D&d,
&Sdonfh oDv orm"d ynm jynfhpkHpGm usifhaom &[ef;onf t&[wå-
zkdvfxdatmif &,lEkdifav\}}[k rdefYawmfrl\/
"kwifusifholESifh rusifhol
vmbfvmb ylaZmfouúm& ausmfapmxif&Sm;vkdí awm&"kwif
okomef"kwif ponfwkdYukd raqmufwnf avvifh? rusifhavvifh/
i&JokYd vm;csdrfhrnf? Nydwåmrlvnf; jzpfcsdrfhrnf/ rdrdpdwfu r½dk;om;vQif
raqmufwnfavESifh? raqmufwnfbJ aejcif;um; ykdí jrwfao;-
onf/ tb,faMumifq h adk omf raqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh tmywfroif-h
yg? aqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh rdpmä ZD0jzpfí 'ku#ú t f mywfawG tqufr-
jywf oifoh nf/ yuwd ½;kd om;aom pdwjf zifh aqmufwnfEikd v f Qif "kwif
(13)yg;vH;k wpfNyKd iw
f nf; aqmufwnfygav/ udavomudk acgif;yg;-
apaom bk&m;&Sif csD;rGrf;awmfrlaom tusifhjzpfonf/
oufowfvGwfpm;jcif;
olwpfyg;awG txifBu;D apjcif;iSmç *kP&f edS o
f wif; Bu;D rm;apjcif;-
iSm &nf&G,fí vmbfvmbudk &nf&G,fí oufvGwfab;rJh [if;oD;
[if;&Guw
f uYkd o
kd m rpm;avvif?h (om;ig;t½d;k pl;vQif Ekw&f vG,o f nf?
tmvl; opfo;D t½d;k pl;vQif Ekw&f cufonf/) rpm;wwfbJ oufowf-
vGwf rpm;avvif?h rpm;wwfbJ oufowfvw G f pm;jcif;onf rdpmä ZD0
(= raumif;aom toufarG;jcif;) jzpfí tmvl;ç opfoD;wdkYtwGuf
omru <uif;aom qGrf;ç ouFef;ç ausmif;ç aq;paom ypönf;rsm;
twGufvnf; 'kuú#ftmywf tqufrjywf oifhonf/ rdrdudk,fukd
txifBu;D atmif jyKjcif;onf tyg,foYkd ra&mufa&mufatmif BuKd ;pm;-

onfESifh wl\/
vmbfvmbtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh bkef;wefcdk;BuD;jcif;
]]cspfom;&[ef;wkdY ..vmbfylaZmfouúm&qkdonfrSm rkd;BudK;puf-
uJo
h Ykd vGepf mG xufjruf pl;&SvaS yonf/ vmbfvmbqkad om rk;d BuKd ;Bu;D
typfcH&jyDqkdrSjzifh olawmfaumif;oabmawG nufnufaMuukef
av\/ okdYtwGufaMumifh vmbfvmbtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh bkef;wefckd;BuD;rm;
rnfukd aMumufvefYMu&rnf}}[k &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/
(ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf/)
þokdYvQif qkdcJhNyD;aom vlwkdY\ rdpämZD0ç &[ef;wkdY\ rdpämZD0[k
ESprf sK;d &So
d nf/ xkrd pd mä ZD0wkrYd S a&SmifMuOf apmifph nf;jcif;onf or®mtm-
ZD0 jzpfí tmZD0yg&do'k o d¨ v
D rnf\/ tmZD0yg&do'k o d¨ v
D onf ta&;-
BuD;aomaMumifh tawmfpkHvifatmif pkaqmif;wifjyygrnf/
(4) ypö,oEédódwoDv
ypön;f wku
Yd dk ok;H aqmif&mü om,mrufarmjcif; awGa0jcif;rsm;ukd
y,fí w&m;ojzifh &SmazGí &tyfaom "r®d,v'ÿpönf;ukd ]]y#docFg-
a,medaom}}paom ygVdjzifhjzpfapç ]]csrf;ylukd zsuf jcifrSufavae}}
paom jref r m vuFmrsm;jzifjh zpfap ESv;Hk oGi;f í ynmjzifh ypöa0u©Pm
qifjcifu f m arwåmykí Yd ok;H aqmifaomtm;jzifh jynf h p k H a ptyf\/ qGr;f ç
ouFef;ç ausmif;ç aq; ypönf;av;yg; ponfwkdYukd okH;pGJwkdif; qifjcif-
tyf\/ okH;pGJwkdif; rqifjcifEkdifvQif eHeufç aeYcif;ç ncsrf;ç rkd;aomuf
av;Budrf qifjciftyf\/ rqifjcifrdbJ t½kPfwufvQif xkdaeY okH;-
aqmiforQ ypönf;rsm; £Py&dabm* (= a<u;wifaom okH;aqmif-
jcif;) jzpf\/
okH;aqmifjcif; (y&dabm*) 4-rsKd;
ax,sy&dabm*ç £Py&dabm*ç 'g,ZÆy&dabm*ç omrdy&d-
abm* [lí okH;aqmifjcif; (y&dabm*) av;rsKd; vm&Sd\/
1/ ax,sy&dabm* - 'kóv D (= oDvr&So d )l wk\ Yd ok;H aqmifjcif;onf
ax,sy&dabm* rnf\/ bk&m;&Sio f nf oDv0EÅ (= oDv&So d )l tm;
ypönf;av;yg;ukd cGifhjyKonf/ 'kóDvtm; cGifhrjyK/ vSL'gef;ol
'g,umwko Yd nfvnf; tusK;d Bu;D rm;zGUH NzKd ;vkí d oDv0EÅtm; vSLonf?
'kóDvtm; vSLonf r[kwf/ 'kóDvonf oDv0EÅ\ ypönf;wdkYudk
ck;d ,loEl iS hf wl\/ xkaYd Mumifh ax,sy&dabm* (= ck;d í ok;H aqmifjcif;)
rnf\/
2/ £Py&dabm* - oDv0EÅjzpfvsuf ypöa0u©Pm rqifjcifbJ
okH;aqmifjcif;onf £Py&dabm* rnf\/ tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfu rpif-
Mu,fvQif 'u©P d 0do'k d¨ rjzpf? tvSL\ tusK;d zGUH NzKd ;jcif; r&S?d a<u;NrD
,lpm;olESifh wl\? £Py&dabm* jzpf\/ £Py&dabm*tjypfrS
vGwfvkdvQif ypöa0u©Pmqifjcifí okH;aqmif&onf/
3/ 'g,ZÆy&dabm* - aou©y*k Kd¾ vf ckepfa,mufw\ Ykd oH;k aqmifjcif;onf
'g,ZÆy&dabm* rnf\/ aou©y*k Kd¾ vw f o Ykd nf bk&m;&Si\ f om;awmf
tppfrsm; jzpfMuí bbk&m;&Sif\ ypönf;wdkYudk tarGcH,lí oHk;-
aqmifMuonf/ vl'g,umwdu Yk vSL'gef;aomfvnf; bk&m;&Sif cGijhf yKrS
oHk;aqmiftyfaomaMumifh bk&m;ypönf;om jzpfacs\/ vlwdkYonf
bk&m;a[m edAÁmefpaom tusKd;ESifh vJvS,fMuojzifh bk&m;&Sif
rsufESmawmfaMumifh&aom ypönf;[líom odtyfay\/ bk&m;&Sif-
onf "r®'g,m'okwfü ]]cspfom;wdkY ...igbk&m;\ "r®tarGudk
cH,Ml u? igbk&m;\ tmrdotarGukd rcH,cl siMf uESi}hf }[k a[mawmf-
rlonf/
4/ omrdy&dabm* - &[EÅmwdkY\ oHk;aqmifjcif;onf omrdy&dabm*

rnf\/ &[EÅmwdkYonf wPSmaus;uReftjzpfrS vGwfvmMuojzifh
ocifjzpfMuukefNyD; ypönf;oHk;aqmif&mü wPSm\ trdefYudk em;-
raxmif? y#dulv (= &HGp&mtm½Hk)udk ty#dulv (= &GHp&mtm½Hk)
r[kwfaomtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;ç ty#dulvudk y#dulvtm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;ç xdk ESpfyg;udk vspfvsL½Ijcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif; rdrd-
tvdt k wdik ;f oH;k aqmifEikd u
f ek \
f / 'g,umwd\ Yk ESv;kH tvduk v
kd nf;
jynfah pEdik u
f ek \
f / xdaYk Mumifh ocifo;kH oH;k aqmifEikd Mf uí omrdy&d-
abm* rnf\/
(aqmif) ax,s £P? 'g,ZÆESifh ydkifvS omrd? av;ck&Sd? y&dabm*om/
ykxkZOf 'g,ZÆç omrd jzpfyHk
ykxkZOfoDv0EÅ\ qifjcifí oHk;aqmifjcif;um; ]'g,ZÆ} jzpf\/
'g,umwdkY\ ESvHk;tvdkudk rcRwf,Gif;aomaMumifhwnf;/ xdkYaMumifh
'g,ZÆü a&wGu[
f k qdt
k yfNy/D uvsmPykxZk Of qifjcifí oH;k aqmifjcif;-
vnf; 'g,ZÆomjzpf\/ aou©yk*¾dKvfü a&wGufaomaMumifhwnf;/
ykxZk Ofjzpfaomfvnf; acgif;yg;aom tusiühf wnfí rufarmjcif;
r&Sdç uyfNidjcif; r&SdbJ oHk;aqmiftHh? omrdESifh wl\/ þav;yg;aom
y&dabm*wdkYwGif omrdy&dabm*onf tjrwfqHk; jzpf\/ tjrwfqHk;udk
tvd&k adS om &[ef;onf þqdck NhJ y;D aom enf;twdik ;f rufarmjcif; r&S?d
uyfNidjcif; r&SdbJ ypöa0u©Pmqifjcifum oHk;aqmifjcif;jzifh ypö,-
oEédódwoDvudk jznfhusifhtyf\/
bk&m;pum; em;ü&Sdaom &[ef;onf a&ESifhwuG ypönf;av;yg;
wdu
Yk kd qifjcifí oH;k pGJ pm;rsKo d if\h / ypön;f av;yg;wdüYk a&onf Mum&Guf
Mumcsyüf rNiu d yfouJo h Ykd ypön;f av;yg; vmbfvmbrsm;jym;aomfvnf;
temaq;vdr;f ouJo h Ykd oif½h kH owdjyK pm;oH;k oif\
h / om;i,f\ tom;-
rsK;d ç 0if½;kd e,fqo
D abm rufarmr&Sd cE¨mud, k rf Qw½Hk pm;oH;k \/ a&onf
emjcif;ç qmjcif;ç rGwfodyfjcif; Nidrf;aMumif; ]aq;}rnf\/ aomufç csKd;ç
aq;aMumç zGyfavQmfwdkif; qifjcif&m\/
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf rdefYqdkcsuf
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf tpä&moCFmw0*fü vufzspfwpfcsuf
wD;½Hck efaY vmufMumatmif arwåmyGm;aom arwåmydaYk om &[ef;onf
omrduteP'g,m'yk*¾dKvf jzpf\? tarGcH a<u;rwif ocif jzpf\?
wdik ;f oljynfom;wd\
Yk qGr;f udk oH;k aqmifxu
kd \
f [k ygVdawmft|uxm
zGifhqdkxm;onf/
oDv (4) yg;ESifh w&m;udk,f
azmfjyyg oDvav;yg;wdw Yk iG f ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvudk o'¨gw&m;-
jzifh jynfph akH ptyf\/ bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfro l rQ ygwdarmu©ukd uka#-
ud;k axmifausmo f u
d m© yk'w
f u
Ykd kd ,HMk unfaom o'¨gw&m;jzifh tuke, f í l
toufüyif riJhuGufbJ aumif;pGm jznfhusifh&onf/ om0uwdkYt&m-
um; bk&m; rynwfonfukd igwdYk rynwft/hH bk&m;&Sif ynwfo f nfukd
igwdkY rzsufygtHh/ ynwfawmfrlaomtwdkif; tukef,lí usifhygtHh[k
qHk;jzwfcsuf csxm;&rnf jzpf\/
ygwdarmufvm odu©myk'fwdkYudk rvGefusL;jcif;ç apmifhxdef;jcif;ç
vdkufemjcif;ç ukpm;jcif;wdkYjzifh pifMu,foefY&Sif;atmif okwfoif&rnf
jzpfonf/
£È´d,oH0&oDvudk owdjzifh jynfhpHkaptyf\/ owdjzifh apmifh-
a&SmufvQif tbdZÑma'greó paom tukov kd wf &m;wdYk rESyd pf ufEikd -f
uke/f £È, d´ oH0&oDv rjynfph v kH Qif ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvonfvnf;
apmifph nf;&ef tumr&Sad om aumufcif;uJo h Ykd t&Snrf cH? wHcg;rydw-f
aom &GmuJhodkY udavomcdk;olwdkY 0ifí n§Of;qJukef\/ trdk;rvHkaom
tdrfuJhodkY &m*rdk;0ifí pGwfpdkEdkif\/

tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvudk 0D&D,jzifh jynfhpHkaptyf\/ aumif;aom
vHkYv0D&d, &Sdaom olonfomvQif rdpämZD0udk y,fEdkif\/ rtyfr&m-
aom ypönf;ç tpm;taomufwdkYudk r&SmazGbJ qGrf;cHoGm;jcif;paom
0D&,d jzifo
h m &Smí &aom pifMu,faom ypön;f wdu Yk kd oH;k aqmifjcif;jzifh
vnf;aumif;ç rpifrMu,f rtyfr&m &SmazG&aom ypön;f wdu Yk kd a>rqd;k -
toGif a&SmifMuOfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; tmZD0udk jynfhpHkaptyf\/
ypö,oEédódwoDvudk ynmjzifh jynfhpHkaptyf\ ynm&Sdaom
olonf ypönf;av;yg;wdkYü tjypftusKd;wdkYudk jrif\/ ypöa0u©Pm
rqifjcifrlí oHk;aqmifpm;aomuf&mü £Py&dabm*tjypf jzpf\/
oEéd"d'kuú#fç 0dumv'kuú#f tmywfoifh\/ oHk;aqmifpOf qifjcifvQif
tmywfroifh/ ypönf;ü rufarmjcif; awGa0jcif;udk y,fí "r®d,v'¨
(= w&m;ojzifh &aomypönf;)udk ynmjzifh qifjcifí oHk;aqmif pm;-
aomufaomtm;jzifh jynfhpHkaptyf\/ (0dok'¨dr*ft&om?50/)
oDv0EÅ = oDv&Sdol
qdck NhJ y;D aom oDv (4)rsK;d wduYk kd jynfph akH tmifusio hf l usL;vGerf cd ahJ omf
a'oemok'¨d ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvudk bk&m;&Sifynwfawmfrlaom
a'oemvm&Sdonfhtwdkif; a'oemjzifh pifMu,fatmif ukpm;jcif;?
oH0&ok'¨d £È´d,oH0&oDvudk owdjzifh apmifhpnf;í pifMu,fatmif
jyKjcif;? y&da,|do'k çd¨ tmZD0yg&do'k u d¨ kd 0D&,
d jzifh tyfpyfatmif &SmrS;D í
jynfph akH pjcif; ypöa0u©Pmok'd¨ ypö,oEéó d wd oDvudk ynmjzifh qifjcif
í jynf h p H k a pjcif; rsm; jyKNy;D olonf oDv0EÅ (= oDv&So d çl oDvpifMu,f
ol) [k qdk&\/
(aqmif) &[ef;usifh0wf wpfyg;cRwfu bk&m;rBudKuf uJh&JUxdkuf\/
&[ef;usifh0wf wpfyg;wwfu vlçewfOD;cdkuf ylaZmfxdkuf\/
,ck jyqdkcJhaom oDv (4)yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg; cRwf,Gif;avu
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif rBuKd urf ESpo
f uf? bk&m;&Sif uJ&h UJ xdu
k af om tuJ&h UJ cH-
&rnfh yk*¾dKvf jzpfavonf/ oDvwpfyg;yg; usifhEkdifvQifvnf; vlawGç
ewfawG OD;ckdufylaZmfxkdufonf[k a&S;q&mawmfBuD;wkdY qkH;rawmfrl-
Muonf/ xkdYaMumifh þoDvav;yg;wkdYudk jynfhpkHatmifç oDv0EÅjzpf-
atmifç oDvpifMu,fatmif BudK;pm;oifhonf/
'kóDvESpfrsKd;
1/ edóDvjzpfaom 'kóDv?
2/ 'loDwoDvjzpfaom 'kóDv[k ESpfrsKd; &Sdonf/
yg&mZduodum© yk'f wpfyg;yg;ysuí f oDvtvsO;f r&Sad om yk*Kd¾ v-f
onf edóv D jzpfaom 'kóv D rnf\/ yg&mZd u rS <uif;aom oHCm'd-
aoofpaom odum© yk'w f pfcck k ysuaf omolonf 'low D jzpfaom 'kó-D
vyk*Kd¾ vf rnf\/ yg&mZduç oHCm'daoofç xkvp’ Oö ;f ç ygpdwçf yg#da'oeDç
'kuú#fç 'kAÁmoD[k tmywf(7)ykH &S&d mwGif yg&mZdutmywf usL;vGev f Qif
edóDvjzpfaom 'kóDv? <uif;aom tmywf (6)ykH usL;vGefvQif
'loDwjzpfaom 'kóDvyk*¾dKvf[k cGJjcm;rSwfyg/
tvZÆD ESifh vZÆD

tvZÆDvu©Pm (3) yg;
oÍödpö tmywåð tmyZÆwd? tmywåð y&d*l[wd?
t*wd*reÍö *päwd? {'daom 0kpöwd tvZÆDyk*¾avm?
oÍödpö = odvsuf apwemESifhwuG/ tmywå ð = tmywfokdY/
tmyZÆwd = a&muf\/ (0g) vGefusL;í usifh\/ tmywå ð = oifhaom
tmywfudk/ y&d*l[wd = a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ vQdKU0Sufxm;\/
t*wd*reÍö = rvm;oifh rvm;xdkufaom t*wdw&m;av;yg;odkY/
*päwd = vdu k í
f usi\hf / {'daom = þodYk oabm&Sad om t*FgoH;k yg;ESihf
jynfph akH omolu/kd tvZÆyD *k a¾ vm = tvZÆyD *k Kd¾ v[ l / 0kpw
f í ö d = qdt
k yf\/
1/ odvsuf apwemESifhwuG tmywfoifha&mufjcif;/
2/ oifah &mufaeaom tmywfwu Ykd kd a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ vQKd U0Su-f
xm;jcif;/
3/ qE´ç a'goç arm[ç b, t*wdw&m; av;yg;odYk vdu k í f usijhf cif;/
þt*Fg (3)yg;ESihf jynfph o
kH o
l nf tvZÆyD *k Kd¾ vf jzpfí þt*Fg (3)yg;
tjyeftm;jzifh vSní
hf ,lvQif vZÆyD *k Kd¾ vf t&Su&f adS om yk*Kd¾ vf jzpfonf/
t*¾d,rIç ukv'loerIç obifcHrIç aiGwdk;ay;rIç a&mif;rI0,frIç a&T aiG
tvSLcHrçI aA'ifa[mç aq;ukç vu©PmzwfrçI "mwfp;D ewfp;D twdw-f
a[m tem*wfa[mrI ponfwdkYudk jyKaeaom &[ef;wdkYudk tvZÆD[k
od&m\/
ayg&mPur® ouFe;f csKyq f ;kd qH&wd f vufonf; ajconf;vS;D jcif;ç
aoemoe0wf ausmif;jyKjyifjcif; ponfEiS hf tmp&d,0wf yd@mpm&du-
0wf 0wåcEüvm 0wftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom *D[dur® (=
vlwdkY\ trI u d p ö ) jzpfaom yef;csDç yef;ykç pl;ç aqmufç vuform;rI
paom e0ur®trIwdkYüom tavhtvmrsm;aom vlrIudpöwdkYüom
tcsed u
f ek af eaom &[ef;udv k nf; q&mwdu Yk tvZÆ[ D yk if qdMk uonf/
tvZÆD yk*Kd¾ v[f o
l nf t&Surf &Sad om bk&m;pum; rem,l jyKcsi&f mjyKae-
aom olwnf;/
tvZÆD'kóDv&[ef;wdkYum; tvSLcHwpfusdyfav;a,mufwdkYü
tvZÆDbm0g'd yumou
ryg0if[k ]]tvZÆ yumou}}usrf;ü twdtvif; qdkxm;\/
tvZÆD'kóDv&[ef;wdkYudk axmufyhHvSL'gef;tm;ay;aeaom 'g,um
'g,dumrwdkYum; omoemzsufaeaomolrsm; jzpf\/ þtcsufudk
omoemjyKaeygonf[k qdkaomolwdkY owdxm;oifhaom tcsuf
jzpfonf/
t*wdw&m; (4) yg;
1/ qE´m*wd = cspfojzifh rvm;tyfonfodkY vm;jcif;/
2/ a'gom*wd = rkef;ojzifh rvm;tyfonfodkY vm;jcif;/
3/ arm[m*wd = rodem;rvnfojzifh rvm;tyfonfodkY vm;jcif;/
b,m*wdd = aMumuf&GHUojzifh rvm;tyfonfodkY vm;jcif;/
4/ b,m*w
ausmif;wdu
k w
f pfcçk Xmewpfcçk tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcck rk mS tBu;D tuJ-
jyKvkyfaeaomolonf t*wdw&m;av;yg; rvdkufrSm;zdkY ta&;BuD;
vSonf/
tvSLcH wpfusdyfav;a,muf
1/ wd&pämef = acG; 0uf Muuf iSuf om;orif ponfrsm;?
2/ 'kóDv = rkqdk; wHig vlvdrf vlnm oDvr&Sdolrsm;?
3/ oDv0EÅ = oDvESifh jynfhpHkaom &Sifç vlç &[ef;rsm;?
4/ wmyo = udavomudk ylyefapaom psmef&ç psmefr& &aohrsm;?
5/ r*¾| = r*f|mefyk*¾dKvf av;a,muf?
6/ zv| = zv|mefyk*¾dKvf av;a,muf?
7/ yapöu = yapöuAk'¨gt&Sifjrwfrsm;?
8/ orÁK'¨ = jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif?
wd&pämae 'kóDav p? oDv0aEÅ p wmyao/
r*¾a|aw zva| p? yapöau ap0 orÁKa'¨/
vZÆyD *k Kd¾ vf 0denf;wwfaomf omoemawmf wnf\/ tvZÆyD *k Kd¾ vf
0denf;wwfaomfvnf; rusiahf omaMumihf xdo k o
l EÅmefü omoemawmf
rwnf/ olwpfyg;udkvnf; omoemawmfwnfatmif rwwfEdkif/
xdaYk Mumifh vZÆ0D ed nf;wwfaom olwo Ykd nfom omoemawmfukd apmif-h
tem*aw omoeH vZÆD &u©dóEÅd = aemiftcg omoem-
vwåHU/ ]]tem*aw
awmfudk vZÆDyk*¾dKvfwdkYonfom apmifha&SmufukefvwHåU}}[k o*Fg,em-

ax&ft&SifwdkY rdefYqdkawmfrlMuonf/
vZÆDyk*¾dKvf[lonf
vZÆyD *k Kd¾ vf t&Su&f adS om olw\
Ykd oabmonf tenf;i,frQaom
tjypfuav;udkyif tjypfBuD;[k ESvHk;ydkuf\/ rdrd\ toufudk riJhç
'g,umwdkY 'g,dumrwdkY rsufESmudk riJhç ypönf;av;yg; vmbfvmbudk
riJçh rdr\
d ywf0ef;usif oDwif;oH;k azmfw\ Ykd rsuEf mS udk riJçh bk&m;&Si\
f
a&TrsufESmawmfudkom iJhí 0denf;a'oemawmfESifhtnD rcRwfr,Gif;
trSm;r&Sad tmif owdaqmifí usi&hf monf/ (0denf;Oya'awmfBu;D ? 191??)
yk*¾dKvf (4) rsKd;
þomoemawmfü ---
1/ vZÆDolawmfaumif;?
2/ vZÆDol,kwfrm?
3/ tvZÆDolawmfaumif;?
4/ tvZÆDol,kwfrm[k yk*¾dKvfav;rsKd; cGJjcm; rSwfom;oifh\/
xdkav;a,mufwdkYwGif ---
1/ 0denf;t&mü ½dkaoav;pm;rI &Sdí £óm = olwpfyg; pnf;pdrfudk
jiLplrI? rpä&d, = rdrdpnf;pdrfudk vQKdU0SufrI? rm,m = rdrdü &Sdaom
tjypfudk zHk;uG,fvSnfhywfrI? omaX,s = rdrdü r&Sdaom *kPfwdkYudk
azmfjyí aumufusppf Of;vJrI ponf r&So d l ½d;k om;ajzmifrh wfoo
l nf
vZÆDolawmfaumif; rnf\/
2/ 0denf;t&mü ½dkaoav;pm;rI&Sdí £óm rpä&d, rm,m omaX-
,sponf rsm;jym;aomolonf vZÆDol,kwfrmrnf\/
3/ 0denf;t&mü ½dkaoav;pm;rI r&Sdrlí (0g) r&Sdaomfvnf; £óm
rpä&d, rm,m omaX,s ponf enf;yg;ç ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfí rdrd
rusifhEdkifapumrl usifholudk tm;ay; trSefudk a&;om;ajymqdkjcif;
ponfjzifh pdwfaumif;&Sdolonf tvZÆDolawmfaumif; rnf\/
4/ aemufqHk; av;eHygwfyk*¾dKvfonfum; 0denf;udkvnf; ½dkaoav;-
pm;rI r&S?d odum© yk'af wmfwu
Ykd kd vGeu
f sL;ausmef if;&efvnf; 0efrav;?
£óm rpä&d, rm,m omaX,s ponf aygrsm;í ½dk;om;ajzmifh-
rwfjcif; r&Sd? rdrdvnf; rusifh olwpfyg;udkvnf; tjypfqdk udk,f-
vdk&modkYqGJ olawmfaumif;awGudk ½Iwfcsí r[kwfrw&m; a&;om;
ajymqdkwwfaom olonf tvZÆDol,kwfrm rnf\/
xdk yk*¾dKvfav;rsKd;av;pm;wdkYwGif rdrdonf vZÆDolawmfaumif;
[kwo f nf r[kwo f nfukd rdro
d mvQif todq;kH jzpfí ud,
k w
f ikd qf ;kH jzwf-
csucf sum vZÆrD jzpfao;vQif vZÆv D u©PmoH;k yg;ESit
hf nD vZÆjD zpfatmif
olawmfaumif; r[kwfao;vQif olawmfaumif;vu©PmESifhtnD
olawmfaumif; [kwfatmif jyKjyifygav/
tvZÆDol,kwfrm rjzpfatmif BudK;pm;
tvZÆv D u©PmoH;k yg;wduYk kd tjrJ owdxm;í a&SmifMuOfyg/ 0denf;-
udk ½dkaoav;pm;yg/ udk,fhtwGufESifh olwpfyg; tjypf rjzpfygapESifh?
remvdk0efwdkaom pdwfudkvnf; rarG;avvifh? udk,fhxufomolawG
awG U vmvQif vnf; remvdk0efwdk rjzpfvifh? olrsm;xuf omatmifç
emrnfBu;D atmifç bke;f Bu;D atmifç vmbfvmb aygrsm;atmif w&m;-
rusiv hf if/h oDwif;oH;k azmf tcsi;f csi;f ç pmoifwu kd f tcsi;f csi;f ç &dyo
f m
tcsif;csif; ,SOfNydKiftEkdif,lvdkaom pdwf rjyKvifh/ þodkYjyKvQif tjypf
wd;k yGm;í i&Jvm;csrd rhf nf/ twGi;f pdwx f m; r½d;k om;ygu rdpmä ZD0 jzpfí
'kuú#ftmywfawG pkonfESifh wl\/ &aomypönf;rsm; wjcm;&[ef;wdkY-
tm; vSLjyefvQif 'kuú#f tmywfawG ay;a0aeonfESifh wl\/ rdpämZD0-

jzifh &aomypönf;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaom olwdkif; 'kuú#ftmywfoifhaom-
aMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tvZÆDvl,kwfrm rjzpfatmif ta&;BuD;-
vSygonf/
olcdk;"m;jyBuD; (5) rsKd;
&[ef;wpfyg;onf &maxmifrsm;pGm wynfhy&dowfawG jcH&Hvsuf
NrKd U&Gmrsm;udk vSnv
hf nfum ]]'g,um 'g,dumrwd\Yk tylaZmfukd b,f-
awmhrsm; cH&yghrvJ}}[k MuHpnfí xdkuJhodkY tylaZmfcH&atmif MuHpnf
BudK;pm; tm;xkwfojzifh vltrsm;wdkY\ tylaZmfudk cH&\/ xdkolonf
omoemawmfBuD;yGm;a&; owå0gawG tusKd;rsm;a&; r&nf&G,fbJ
omoemawmfudk rSDNyD; rdrd BuD;us,fcrf;em;a&;udkom &nf&G,ftm;-
xkwfaom yxrolcdk;"m;jyyifwnf;/
&[ef;wpfyg;um; bk&m;a[mawmfrltyfaom r*fzdkvfedAÁmef y&d-
,wfw&m;awmfukd olu, kd wf ikd f MupH nfoo
d uJo
h Ykd bk&m;a[maom ygVd-
awmftwdkif; rusifhbJ enf;opfawG xGifum usifhojzifh udk,fhzmom
ud,
k wf ikd af wGU ud,
k u
f ,
kd w
f ikd f ÓPfjzifh jrif&í ud,k af wGUÓPfjrifw&m;-
[k bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;awmfudk cdk;,l\/ xdkolonfvnf; 'kwd,olcdk;-
"m;jy wpfrsKd;yifwnf;/
&[ef;wpfyg;url oDvjzLpif oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,faom &[ef;awmfudk
jrifrI Mum;rI ,HkrSm;rI r&SdbJ oDvrpifMu,faomol[k pGyfpGJ\/ xdkol-
vnf; wwd,olcdk;"m;jy wpfrsKd;yif jzpfonf/
&[ef;wpfyg;um; oHCduypönf;jzpfaom ausmif;rS pí jruf
0g;wdw
Yk ikd af tmif *½kbPfypön;f (25)yg;wdu
Yk kd vlwt
Ykd m; ay;\/ oHCu d -
ypön;f jzpfí ay;pGeí Yf r&ay? xdo
k o
l nfvnf; pwkwo ¬ cl ;kd wpfrsK;d jzpf\/
&[ef;wpfyg;url rdrdrSm xif&Sm;r&Sdaom psmefr*fzdkvfw&m;udk
&Sd[efaqmifí ,kwfrmaom tvdkqdk;jzifh vlwdkYtm; ajymqdk\/ xdkol-
um; wpfa,mufESpfa,mufudkomru wpfavmuvHk; vla&m ewfyg
vdrfnm&m usaomaMumihf tBuD;qHk; olcdk;"m;jywnf;/ þodkY olcdk;
"m;jyBu;D (5)rsK;d udk yg&mZduPfygVdawmfü bk&m;&Sif a[mawmfro
l nf/
(0denf;Oya'awmf? 197/)
oDvysufjcif;tjypf (5) yg;
1/ oDvysufolonf arhavsmhjcif;aMumifh pnf;pdrfysuf\/
2/ raumif;aom owif;qdk; trsKd;rsKd; xGuf\/
3/ csOf;uyf&m y&dowfü &Jwif;rI r&Sd? rsufESmi,f&\/
4/ aoaomtcg tukodkvfuHpaom tjypfç raumif;aom edrdwf-
awG xifvmaomaMumifh awGa0í ao&\/
5/ aoNyD;aemuf raumif;olwdkYoGm;&m tyg,fav;&GmodkY vm;&\/
(aqmif) apmifhxdef;oDv ysufMuolawG? pnf;pdrfysufjcif; owif;ra0?
y&dowfv,f rsuEf mS i,fay? awGa0jcif; aovQi;f yg,fbakH v/
oDvysufjcif; tjypf (16) yg;
1/ oDvysufoludk oDvr&Sdjcif;aMumifh ewfvlwdkY rjrwfEdk;/
2/ pufqkyfzG,fjzpfaomaMumifh oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkY rqHk;rvdk (0g)
rqufqHvdk a&Smifz,fMuonf/
3/ 'kóvD tjypfudk uJ&h UJ oHMum;vQif oDvysuo
f l rdryd g pdwq
f if;&J\/
4/ oDvtusifhaumif;aMumif; csD;rGrf;oHMum;vQif aumif;rI rjyKrd-
av[k pdwfylyef\/ (tcsKdU remvdk tjypf&Smí ajymcsifqdkcsif\/)
5/ oDvr&SdaomaMumifh ydkufqHavQmfykqdk;uJhodkY t½kyfqdk;\? *kPfo-
wif; rxGuf? udk,ftqif; rvS/
6/ twkvkdufí csOf;uyfol qnf;uyfoludk tyg,f'ku© Mum&SnfpGm

&apjcif;aMumifh tawGUqdk; &Sd\/
7/ ypönf;vSL'gef;olwdkY tusKd;& enf;ap&um; tzdk;rwef/
8/ ESp&f nS af vSmifoiG ;f rpifwiG ;f oP²mef oef&Y iS ;f okwo
f if&ef rvG,-f
ul/
9/ romxif;wHk; awmESifh&Gm ESpfXmevHk; roHk;? oDvysufolonf
vlpnf;pdrf &[ef;pnf;pdrf ESpfyg;vHk;rS qHk;½HI;\/
10/ EGm;tkyaf emuf vdu k af eaomfvnf; jrnf;onf EGm;r[kw?f &[ef;[k
0efcHaeaomfvnf; oDvysufolonf &[ef;r[kwf/
11/ vljrifwdkif;udk ajymrnfqdkrnf? uJh&JUrnf? &efolxifí tjrJwrf;
xdwfvefY\/
12/ tazmfjyK twlraexdkufaom vlaoaumifESifh wl\/
13/ okomefr;D cJ &Jaeaomfvnf; ykPmÖ ; rylaZmf? oDvysuo f l pmwwf-
aeaomfvnf; oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkY rylaZmf/
14/ 0rf;wGi;f uef;ol tqif; rjrifEikd f rodEikd ?f oDvysuv f Qif w&m;xl;
w&m;jrwf r&Edkif/
15/ 'Ge;f p@m;\om; rif;pnf;pdrf pdwu f ;l vQif ul;rnfom? oDvysuo f l
olawmfaumif;w&m; pdwfrul;/
16/ ig csrf;omaeol[k xifaomfvnf; t*¾dcaE¨myr'ku©jzifh 'ku©-
a&mufvsufom &Sdacs\/ (ig;rQm;csdwf rsKdaom ig;tae 'ku©udef;
ao\/) (0dok'¨dr*ft&om?65/)
t*¾du©aE¨myrokwf
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf rD;awmufjyif;xef rD;vQHxdefnD; pGJavmif-
aeaom rD;awmufrD;yHkBuD;udk ñTefjyí rD;yHkBuD;ESifh rdef;rysKdunm
ayGUzufí xdkifjcif; tdyfjcif; þESpfckwdkYwGif tb,fudk awmifhwtyf-
oenf;[k ar;awmfrl&m &[ef;wdkYu jrwfpGmbk&m; ... ysKdunmudk
ayGUzufí aejcif;udkom awmifhwtyfygonf/ rD;yHkBuD;udk ayGUzufí
aejcif;um; qif;&JaMumif;om jzpfygonfb&k m;[k avQmufxm;Muav-
&m atmufyga'oemawmfukd a[mawmfrlonf/
cspfom;wkdY ...xif&Sm;pGm odapOD;tHh? 'kóDvyk*¾dKvfonf
,kwfaom oabm&Sd\? rpifMu,foljzpfí awG;awmp&m tusifh&Sd\?
(vlpkawGUvQif ightaMumif;ukd wkdifyifajymqkdMuovm;[k awG;ylp&m
tusihf &S\ d ? zk;H vTr;f aom &Suzf ,
G f jypfrI &S\ d ? &[ef; r[kwb f J &[ef;[k
0efc\
H ? jrwfaom tusihf r&Sb d J &S\
d [k 0efc\ H ? twGi;f yky\
f ? udavom
rjywf ,kdpD;\? a,mufoGm;ykyfESifh wl\ (0g) omoemawmfü trIduf-
jzpf\? xkdYaMumifh 'kóDvtm; rD;ykHBuD;ayGUzufí ae&jcif;ukd jrwf\[k
awmifhwtyf\/ rD;ykHBuD; ayGUzuf&jcif;aMumifh aojcif;onfvnf;-
aumif;ç aovkeD;yg; 'ku©onfvnf;aumif; jzpf&m\/ aoonf\
tjcm;rJhü tyg,fi&Jü rjzpf/ 'kóDvjzpfaMumif; ysKdunmayGUzuf-
&jcif;aMumifhum; aoonf\ tjcm;rJhü tyg,fi&Jü pifppf jzpf\/
þokv Yd Qif rD;ykBH u;D Oyrmtm;jzifh rde;f rESihf pyfaom umr*kPn f pf cHpm;-
jypfudk jyawmfr\ l / þü avsmah vsmah ygYaygY Oyrmjyonf? i&Jü wlaom
nDrQaom Oyrm avmuü r&SdaomaMumifhwnf;/
arxkefBuD; (1) yg;? arxkefi,f (7) yg;
1/ þomoemawmfü tcsKUd aom &[ef;onf jrwfaom tusi&hf \ dS [k
0efcH\/ rmwk*grESifhtwl &SOf;pHkruyf arxkefrSD0Jjcif;trIudk rjyK?
tjA[®p&d,odu©myk'fudk a&SmifMuOf\/
2/ ,if;odYk &SO;f pHrk uyfaomfvnf; rmwk*gr\ aq;vdr;f usjH cif;ç t,m;
azsmuf yGwfoyfay;jcif;ç ESdyfe,f qkyfudkifay;jcif;ç a&csKd;ay;jcif;
ponfukd om,m\? oabmus\? vdv k m;ESpo
f uf\/ þtrlt&m-
onf jrwfaom oDv\ usKd;jcif; aygufjcif; usm;jcif; ajymufjcif;

jzpf\? rpifMu,faom tusihf jzpf\? arxkeif ,fEiS hf ,SOí f usio hf nf
rnf\/ xd&k [ef;onf Zmwd Z&m r&PrS rvGw?f oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS
rxGufajrmufEdkif/
3/ &SOf;pHkruyf yGwfoyfrusL;aomfvnf; rmwk*grESifh wcdcd &,farm-
\? udk,fvufxdyg; upm;\? jyHK;&,f &TifjrL;\? xdkodkY &,frI ajymrI
qdkrIudk om,mESpfouf\? oabmus vufcH\? þtrlt&m
onfvnf; usKd;aygufusm;ajymufí oHo&m0#frS rvGwf/
4/ &SOf;pHkruyf yGwfoyfrusL; &,fjrL;r&Sdaomfvnf; rmwk*grESifh
rsufpdcsif; qHkí Munfh\? wpdrfhpdrfh pl;pdkufí Munfh\? wapmif;
Munfh\? rsufpdaxmifhuyfí Munfh\/ xdkMunfhjcif;rsKd;udk ESpfouf-
oabmus\? om,m\? þ trlt&monfvnf; usK;d ayguf usm;-
ajymufí oHo&m0#frS rvGwf/
5/ &SOf;pHkruyf yGwfoyfrusL; &,fjrL;r&Sd rsufpdrqHkaomfvnf;
rmwk*gr\ toHudk em;axmif\? eH&Hwpfzuf wHwdkif;wpfzufü
rmwk*gr\ &,fajym aw;qdk idk,dkjcif;paom rdef;rtoHrsKd;pHkudk
em;axmif\? om,m\? ESpfouf\? þtrlt&monfvnf;
usKd;aygufusm;ajymufí oHo&m0#frS rvGwf/
6/ &SO;f pHrk uyf yGwo
f yfrusL; &,fjrL;r&Sd rsupf rd qHk oHrsK;d pHek m;raxmif
pGefYypfaomfvnf; a&S;a&S;tcgü rmwk*grESifh &,fzl; ajymzl; oGm;-
vmzl; upm;zl;onfwu Ykd kd pdwu
f ;l í jyefajymif;atmufarhí om,m-
\? þ trlt&monfvnf; usKd;ayguf usm;ajymufí oHo&m0#frS
rvGwf/
7/ &SOf;pHkruyf yGwfoyfrusL; &,fjrL;r&Sd rsufpdrqHk oHrsKd;pHkypf a&S;jzpf
rMuHaomfvnf; umr*kPfig;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkaeaomowdkYom; owdkY-
orD; ZeD;armifESHtpHkudk Munfhí om,m\? tm;us\? þtrl-
t&monfvnf; usKd;aygufusm;ajymufí oHo&m0#frS rvGwf/
8/ &SO;f pHrk uyf yGwo
f yfrusL; &,fjrL;r&Sd rsupf rd qHk oHrsK;d pHyk pf a&S;jzpfrMuH
armifESHtpHkudk rMunfhbJ iHkYa&Smifaeaomfvnf; þ&[ef;oDv-
tusifhjzifh ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfü jzpf&vdk\[k awmifhw\? om-
,m\? ESpo f uf\? þtrlt&monfvnf; usK;d ayguf usm;ajymufí
oHo&m0#frS rvGwf/
þodYk rmwk*gr\ yGwo f yfom,mjcif; paom arxkeif ,f (7)yg;-
ESifh ,SOfjcif;aMumifh usKd;aygufusm;ajymufvQifvnf; oDvnpfEGrf;\/
oDvodum© yk'Bf u;D rsm; ysupf ;D jcif; r&S?d npfErG ;f ½Ho
k mjzpfaomfvnf; oHo-
&m0#fu xGufajrmufaMumif; ed,smedutEÅ&m,fudk jyKEdkifMuayonf/
(aqmif) &SOf;pkHruyf? yGwfoyfrusL;? &,fjrL;r&Sd? rsufpdrqkH? oHrsKd;pkHypf?
a&S;jzpfrMuH? armifESHikHYa&Smif? ewfabmifr&G,f? þ&SpfoG,f?
rSwfzG,ftjyef arxkefwnf;/
oDvusKd;ayguf usm;ajymufjcif;
oDvusKd;ayguf usm;ajymufjcif;wdkYonf npfEGrf;aMumif; jzpf\/
vmbç ,o paom taMumif;jzifv h nf;aumif;ç arxkeif ,f (7)yg;ESihf
,SOfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; usKd;aygufjcif; ponfudk odtyf\/
1/ ypönf;av;yg; vmbfponfudk iJhí oDvysufaomtcg tmywf-
tpk ckepfckü xdkxdktpk\ Oa'ótpGrf;jzifh tpodu©myk'f tqHk;-
odu©myk'f ysufvQif teHpGef; tNrdwfpGef; pkwfjywfaom t0wfESifh
wl\/ (c@)usKd;jywfaom oDvrnf\/
2/ tv,fodu©myk'f ysufvQif tv,faygufaom t0wfESifh wl\/
(qd'´)aygufxGif;aom oDvrnf\/
3/ tpOftwdik ;f ESpcf k oH;k ck ysuv
f Qif trnf; teD ponfjzifh ausmuf-
ukef; 0rf;Adkuf aMumifusm;aom EGm;ESifh wl\/
(oAv) aMumifusm;aom oDvrnf\/

4/ tMum;tMum;ysuv f Qif tajymuftuGuf tBuKd tMum; qef;Mu,f-
aom EGm;ESifh wl\/ (ur®mo) ajymufuGufaom oDv rnf\/
þodkY c@ç qd'´ç oAvç ur®mowkdYudk rSwfom;í odtyf\/
(aqmif) pçqHk;ESpf&yf? ysufpD;vwf? usKd;jywfac:c@/
tv,ftwGif;? ysufpD;jcif;? aygufwGif; rnfqd'´/
pOfwdkif;trsm;? ysufpD;jim;? aMumifusm; oAv/
tMum;tMum;uGuf? ysufpD;vsuf? ajymufuGuf ur®mo/
(0do'k rd̈ *ft&om?61/)
]aum"} paom ygy"r®rsm;
1/ aum" = trsufxGufjcif;?
2/ Oyem[ = &efNidK;zGJUjcif;?
3/ ru© = olwpfyg;\ aus;Zl;ukd acszsufjcif;?
4/ yVmo = tifwltrI tNydKifjyKjcif;?
5/ £óm = olUpnf;pdrfukd jiLpljcif;?
6/ rpä&d, = rdrd pnf;pdrfukd vQKUd0Sufjcif;?
7/ rm,m = &Sdaom tjypfukd zkH;vGrf;jcif;?
8/ omaX,s = r&Sdaom *kPfjzifh yvTm;0g<um;jcif;?
9/ xrÇ = pdwfcufxefjcif;?
10/ om&rÇ = olUxuf vGefuJatmif jyKjcif;
11/ rme = axmifvTm;jcif;?
12/ twdrme = vGefpGm axmifvTm;jcif;?
13/ r' = rmef,pfjcif;?
14/ yrm' = awmarsmuftvm; pdwfvTwfxm; arhavsmhjcif;?
þok, Yd w
k rf maom w&m;qk;d wkYd rjzpfvQif oDvusK;d ayguf ajymuf-
usm;jcif; rjzpfEdkif/
oDvjzLpifaMumif; a0g'ge
vmbfç ylaZmfouúm&ç odavmu ponfaMumifh odum© yk'w f pfcrk Q
rysufaom oDv? ysufvQifvnf; yg&mZdu 0efcHjcif;ç oHCm'daoof
0wfaqmufwnfjcif;ç <uif;aom tmywf edó*¾pd eG NYf y;D a'oemMum;jcif;
ponfjzifh ukpm;NyD;aom oDv? arxkefi,f ckepfyg;ç aum"paom
,kwfrmaom w&m;wkdY rESdyfpuftyfaom oDvwkdYonf rusKd;rayguf
rusm;rajymufaom oDvwkdY rnfukef\/ wPSmuGsef\ tjzpfrS
vGwfapí awmfvSefaumif;jrwfol\ tjzpfukd jyKwwfaomaMumifh
]bkZó
d }wkv Yd nf; rnfuek \
f / ynm&Sw
d Ydk cs;D rGr;f tyfaomaMumifh ]0dnLy-
ow¬}wkv Yd nf; rnfuek \
f / wPSm'd|w d Ydk rzsuq f ;D Ekid af omaMumifh ]ty-
&mr|}wdkYvnf; rnfukef\/ Oypm&orm"d tyÜemorm"dwdkYudk jzpfap-
wwfaomaMumifh ]orm"doH0wåedu}wdkYvnf; rnfukef\/ xdkYaMumifh
rusKd;jcif; ponfonf jzLpifaMumif; jzpf\/
oDvr&Sdaom &[ef;wdkY tjypfcH&ykH Oyrm (6) ck
1/ oDv r&SdbJ &Sdckd;cH&jcif;onf om;NrD;qGJBudK;jzifh ovkH;jrif;acgif;udk
yGwfqGJcH&onfxuf emMunf;aom i&JyGwfqJGBudK; &Sd\/
2/ oDv r&Sb d J vuftyk cf scD &H jcif;onf &if0 vSx
H ;kd cH&onfxuf pl;0if-
aom i&JvSHr &Sd\/
3/ oDv r&SdbJ qGrf;abmZOf pm;aomufjcif;onf avmavmylaom
oHawGcJ rsKd&onfxuf 0rf;avmif tluRrf; i&JqGrf; &dS\/
4/ oDv r&SdbJ ouFef;0wf½kHjcif;onf rD;vQHawmufyaom oHyljym;
ywf&onfxuf tvQHaumif;aom i&JouFef; &Sd\/
5/ oDv r&Sb d J anmifapmif; tif;ysOf ok;H aqmifjcif;onf oHyal nmif-
apmif; tif;ysOf xdik &f tdy&f onfxuf yljyif;aom i&Janmifapmif;

tif;ysOf &Sd\/
6/ oDv r&dSbJ ausmif;BuD;ausmif;i,fü qif;wuf avsmif;pufjcif;-
onf oH',ftkd;BuD; oH',ftdk;i,fü epfcsnf ay:csnf uefYvefYjzpf-
csnfxuf udk,frcsdatmif wuf&qif;&aom i&J',ftdk; ausmif;-
BuD; &Sd\/
þodkYvQif om;NrD;BudK;ç vSHrç oHawGcJç oHjym;ç oHanmifapmif;
tif;ysOfç oH',ftdk;BuD;Oyrm (6)ckwdkYjzifh &Sdcdk;cHç vuftkyfcsDcHç qGrf;rsKdç
ouFef;0wfç anmifapmif; tif;ysOfxdkifç ausmif;ü qif;wuf avsmif;-
pufaom ok;H aqmifjcif;wdaYk Mumifjh zpfaom oDvysuo f w
l \Ykd cHpm;jypf-
wdkYudk jyawmfrl\/ (0dok'd¨r*ft&om?68)
(aqmif) oDvr&Sd 'kóv D rSe?f om;Nr;D qGBJ uKd ; &Scd ;kd vufc/H &if0vSpH ;l vuf-
tkyfzl;jyef? oHawGcJ qGrf;yGJtvSLcH/ oHyltjym; ywfjim;pD0&H?
uk#ifanmifapmif; oHacsmif;yl[ef/ i&Jtdk;BuD; ausmif;BuD; wl-
jyef? tdk;i,fu wlMu ausmif;i,frSef/
oDvysufpD;jcif;ü ESvkH;oGif;zG,f (11) csuf
1/ rmwk*gr\ tqif; toH teHY tawGUpaom umr*kPfcsrf;om-
onf rD;ykBH u;D ayGU&onfxuf yljyif;aom i&Jr;D ykBH u;D &S\
d / xduk mr-
*kPfcsrf;omwdkYudk vufrvTwfaom &[ef;tm; ½SLemarT;qdrfh
tdrfhaom csrf;omum; tb,frSmenf;/
2/ oDv r&dSbJ &Sdcdk;cHjcif;onf om;vkH;jrif;acgif;udk om;NrD;qGJBudK;
t½k;d cdu
k af tmif yGwqf cJG &H onfxuf emMunf;aom i&Jyw G q
f BJG uKd ;
&Sd\/
(3)ç (4)ç (5)ç (6)ç (7)eHygwfwdkYtwGuf ]]oDv r&SdbJ ..}} tp-
&Sdaom txufü jycJhNyD;onfh Oyrm (6)cktwdkif; qifjcifyg/
8/ oDvr&Sad om &[ef;onf awG;awmzG,f tusi&hf \ dS ? a,mufomG ;-
ykyfESifh wl\? udavom pGwfpdk\? ,kwfrm\? twGif;ykyf\[kk
bk&m;&Sif uJh&JUawmfrl\/
9/ &[ef; r[kwaf wmhbJ &[ef;toGi, f al eolonf rdru d , kd u
f kd wl;NzKd -
\/ xdkoltm; touf&Sifjcif;onf xGDxDGwu,f pufqkyfzG,f
omwnf;/
10/ rpifESifh acG;aumifykyfudk wefqmqifvdkol a0;pGm a&Smifonf?
'kóv D ESihf rdpmä ZD0udk oDv0eft&Sif a0;pGma&Smifonf? 'kóv D ESihf
rdpämZD0onf pdefa&TzdwfvQH jc,fpDrHvnf; tb,frSm tzdk;wef-
awmhtHhenf;/
11/ 'kóv D onf ab;taygif;rS rvGwrf í l csr;f omtaygif;rS vGw\ f ?
ewfjynfewf&mG wHcg;ydw\ f ? tyg,fav;&Gm wHcg;yGi\ hf ? oem;p&m
{uef jzpf\? 'kóDvESifhwlaom oem;p&maumif;aomol
avmurSm r&SdNyD/
oDvtusKd; ½IqifjcifzG,f
oDvysufjcif;ü tjypfrsm;pGm qifjcifum ½IvQif jzLpifaMumif;
a0g'ge jynfph \
Hk / oDvjynfph jHk cif;ü tusK;d udv
k nf; qifjcifum ½Ityf\/
1/ oDvpifMu,faom &[ef;\ oydwaf qmifjcif; ouFe;f aqmifjcif;-
onfyif MunfnKdzG,f &Sdí twkcdk;zG,f rsm;avpG/
2/ trdkufarSmifonf aea&miftwGif;ü r0ifEkdifouJhodkY pGyfpGJjcif;p-
aom ab;onf oDv0ef\ pdwftwGif;odkY r0ifEdkif/
3/ vrif;onf ta&mifjynfhrS aumif;uifü wifhw,fonf/ &[ef;-
onf oDvjynfhrS jzLpifrS NcdK;jcHpGmusifh&m omoemawmtkyfü
wifhw,fonf/
4/ oDv&dSol&[ef;\ udk,feHYç tnpftaMu;eHYonfyif ewfjA[®mwdkYudk
0rf;ajrmufpGm arT;BudKifaponf/ oDveHYum; tb,fqdkzG,f&m

&dStHhenf;/
5/ oDvteHYonf eHUomtm;vkH;wdkYudk vTrf;rdk;\/ ydwfyif wm;qD;í
r&? t&yfq,frsufESmvkH; tnDtrQ vdIif\/
6/ oDv&Sdoltm; vSLaomypönf;rSm enf;aomfvnf; BuD;us,faom
tusK;d &S\d / xdaYk Mumifh oDv&So
d o
l nf ylaZmfjcif;\wnf&m t½kt d -
aojyKjcif;\wnf&m jzpf\/
7/ oDv&Sdolonf rsufarSmufb0 ab;&ef rESdyfpuf/ aemufb0\
tjrpfudk ('kóDvoabmudk) wl;ypf\/
8/ oDv&Sdoltm; (£ZÑwd apawm yPD"d oDv0dok'¨wåm) tvdk&SdvQif
vlpnf;pdrf ewfpnf;pdrf rcJ,Of;Ny?D jynfph EHk ikd \
f / oDv&So
d \
l pdwo
f nf
at;jrcsrf;omaom edAÁmefodkY ajy;0ifae\/ (0dok'¨dr*ft&om?71/)
apcdkif;wdkufwGef;jcif; tmPwåd
pnf;pdrt f m;vk;H wd\
Yk taMumif;&if;jzpfaom oDvü tjcif;t&m-
rsm;pGm >yrf;aom tusKd;tmedoifudk xifjrifatmif jy&m\? xifjrif-
atmif ½I&m\? oDvjynfhpkHjcif;ü tusKd;rsm;pGmukd ½IvQif jzLpifaMumif;
a0g'geESihf jynfph \
Hk ? þodYk oDvtmedoif xifjrifatmif jyEdik ½f EI ikd af om
&[ef;onf oDvysuftHhonfrS xdwfvefY\? MowåyÜESifh ,SOfaom
ÓPfoaH 0* &\? oDvjynfph jHk cif;odYk ñGwu f ikd ;f ½Iid ;f um ouf0ifvm\/
xdaYk Mumifh oDvysupf ;D jcif; tjypfuv
kd nf;aumif;ç oDvjynfph jHk cif;
tusK;d udv k nf;aumif; ax&ç e0ç rZÑrd t&G,o f ;Hk yg; tcgok;H yg;vk;H wdüYk
½kad opGm tzefzef½v I suf ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvpaom oDvav;qlukd
ta&;,lum azG;jzLap&m\/ (0dok'd¨r*ft&om?71/)
&[ef;aumif;&[ef;jrwf jzpf&ef tcsufBuD; (15) csuf
1/ oauúm p = 0denf;t&mü vdr®muRrf;usif uspfuspfvspfvspf &Sdí
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;ESihf jynfph uHk m ur®|mef;bm0em usiphf rG ;f Edik -f
&rnf/
2/ OZk p = udk,fEIwfaumufuspfrIudk y,fjcif;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&rnf/
3/ ok[kZl p = pdwfxm;aumufuspfrIudk y,fjcif;jzifh tvGefajzmifh-
rwfol jzpf&rnf/
4/ ok0apm p = ajymqdkqkH;rí vG,fulol jzpf&rnf/
5/ rk'k p = udk,fEIwfESvkH; okH;yg;vkH; El;nHhodrfarGUol jzpf&rnf/
6/ tewdrmeD p = rmefrmeawG axmifvTm;jcif; r&Sd&/
7/ oEÅKóaum p = ypönf;av;yg; vmbfvmbwdkYü a&mifh&JvG,f-
&rnf/
8/ okba&m p = tpm;taomuftaetxdkif *sD;rrsm;? rdrda&m
olwpfyg;yg tarG;tjrL vG,ful&rnf/
9/ tyÜudapöm p = wm0efaMumifhMu tvkyfudpö enf;yg;&rnf/
10/ ov’[ku0kwåd = ayghyg;vsifjrefpGm oGm;vmEdkifatmif ypönf;enf;
Edkifoavmuf enf;&rnf/
11/ oEÅdÈd́a,m p = tpOfojzifh Nird o f ufwnfMunfaom pu©Kpaom
£aÈ´ &Sd&rnf/
12/ edyaum p = &ifhusufaom todtvdr®mÓPfynm &Sd&rnf/
13/ tyÜ*aAÇm = ½kdif;pdkif;,kwfrm Murf;wrf;aom udk,fEIwfpdwftrl-
t&mrsm; r&Sd&/
14/ ukavoG}eEk*da'¨g = tdrfom;tdrfol vl'g,um 'g,dumrwkdY-
tay:ü uyfNidwG,fwm rufarmjcif; r&Sd&/
15/ e p ck'}´ rmpa& udÍdö a,e 0dnL ya& Oy0a',sKH = ynm&do S al wmf-
aumif;wdYk uJ&h UJ jypfwifp&mqkv d Qif tenf;i,f tao;tzGt J jypf-
tmywfuav;wdu Yk ykd if rjyKrusi&hf [lí ck'u
´ edum,f arwåow k -f
ü &[ef;aumif;&[ef;jrwf jzpf&ef tcsuf (15)csuf a[mxm;-
onfudk ½kdaopGm tav;*½kjyKí vdkufemusifhaqmifoifhonf/
y"med,*Fw&m; (5) yg;
1/ &wemokH;yg; rdbq&morm; rdrd oif,l&rnfh twwfynm tod-
ynmwdkYudk ,kHMunfrI o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;/
2/ ygpu0rf;rD; aumif;í tema&m*guif; use;f rma&;aumif;rGejf cif;/
3/ vSnfhywfjcif; rm,mç aumufuspfpOf;vJrI omaX,s r&Sdjcif;/
4/ vkHYv0D&d, BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI &Sdjcif;/
5/ twwfynm ½kyçf emrf aMumif;usK;d wküYd xk;d xGi;f í odEidk af om ynm-
&Sdjcif;? aygif; ig;yg; &Sdygonf/
(aqmif) ,kMH unfo'¨g? use;f rmjcif; wG?J pOf;vJ rjyK? tm;xkwrf I yg? yn0g?
ig;jzm y"med,*Fw&m;wnf;/
ok'¨dav;yg;
1/ ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvonf a'oemMum;jcif;jzifh pifMu,faom
oDvjzpfaomaMumifh a'oemok'¨d rnf\/ a'oemMum;jcif; 0wf-
aqmufwnfjcif; yg&mZduudk 0efcHjcif;wdkYonfyif a'oemvnf;
rnf\? pifMu,faMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ok'¨dvnf; rnf\? yk*¾dKvf-
onfum; xkda'oemok'¨d&SdaomaMumifh a'oemok'¨dyif rnf\/
2/ £Èd´,oH0&oDvonf aemif þodkY rjyKygtHh ]]ee yke {0H u&d-
ómrd}}[lí pdwfaqmufwnfí apmifhpnf;jcif;jzifh pifMu,faom-
aMumifh oH0&ok'¨d rnf\/
3/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvonf rtyfr&m y,fpGefYí w&m;ESifhtnD
ypönf;&SmrSD;jcif;jzifh pifMu,faomaMumifh y&da,|dok'¨d rnf\/
4/ ypö,oEédódwoDvonf ypöa0u©Pm qifjcifjcif;jzifh pifMu,f-
aomaMumifh ypöa0u©Pmok'¨d rnf\/
oDvysufjcif;\ tjypfç ok'¨d ESifh w&m;udk,f
1/ ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvysufpD;vQif tjypfum; tmywf(7)ykH oifh-
a&muf&\? a'oemok'¨djzifh pifMu,fEdkif\? w&m;udk,fum; o'¨g-
w&m; jy"mef;\/
2/ £È,´d oH0&oDv ysupf ;D vQif tjypfum; tbdZÑma'greó paom
udavomw&m;udk,fawG wdk;yGm;\? oH0&ok'¨djzifh pifMu,fEdkif\?
w&m;udk,fum; owdjy"mef;\/
3/ tmZD0yg&dok'd̈ ysufpD;vQif tjypfum; toufarG;rI rpifMu,fjzpf-
&\? ,if;aMumifh &aomypön;f udk ok;H pGwJ idk ;f 'ku#ú t
f mywf oif&h \?
y&da,|dok'¨djzifh pifMu,fEdkif\? w&m;udk,fum; 0D&d, jy"mef;\/
4/ ypö,oEédódwoDv ysufpD;vQif tjypfum; oHo&ma<u; wif-
wwf\? oHo&m0#fu ½kef;rxGufEdkifbJ a<u;wdkYudk ay;qyf&\?
ypöa0u©Pmok'jd¨ zifh pifMu,fEikd \
f ? w&m;ud, k uf m; ynm jy"mef;\/
(aqmif) oDv av;jzm? yg-£H-tm? ypö,m oEédód/
tjypfum; av;? ywfç udav;? oufarG; a<u;wifbd/
ok'¨dav;0? a';ç oHç y? ypöa0u©Pm/
jy"mef;av&Sd? o'¨g owd? 0D&d ynmom/ (0do'k rd̈ *ft&om?55/)
yk*¾dKvf (4) rsKd;
(1) pmrwwf oDvr&Sdol? (2) pmrwwf oDv&dSol? (3) pmwwf
oDv r&Sdol? (4) pmwwf oDv&dSol[k - yk*¾dKvfav;rsKd; cGJjcm; rSwfom;-
oifh\/
(1) pmrwwf oDv r&Sdol

pmrwwf oDvr&Sdolonf vlrsm; ewfrsm;\ tuJh&JUcH&onf/
ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYuvnf; uJh&JUEdkifonf/ bk&m;&Sifuvnf;
uJh&JUawmfrlonf/
(2) pmrwwf oDv &Sdol
pmrwwf oDv&Sdoludk pmrwwfaomfvnf; oDv&Sdí avmuü
csD;rGrf;tyf\/
(3) pmwwf oDv r&Sdol
pmwwf oDvr&So d u
l kd uJ&h UJ oifh uJ&h UJ xdu
k f uJ&h UJ tyf\/ A[kow
k &Sd
'kóDvyk*¾dKvfxH odu©mvkdvm;olwdkY rcsOf;uyfMuukef/
(4) pmwwf oDv &Sdol
pmwwf oDv&So d ul rkd u
l m; cs;D rGr;f tyf\? þpwkwy¬ *k Kd¾ vu
f kd ZrÁL&pf
a&Tpifw;Hk twl uJ&h UJ ol r&S?d vlUjynf ewfjynf cs;D rGr;f xdu
k \
f ? jA[®mBu;D wd-Yk
uyif cs;D rGr;f Muuke\ f ? xdaYk Mumifh pmwwf oDv&So d l jzpfatmif BuK;d pm;
tm;xkwfMuygav/
yxryÍöuoDv
yk*Kd¾ vt
f rsK;d tpm;tvdu
k f - (1) y&d,EÅyg&do'k o
d¨ v
D ? (2) ty&d,EÅ-
yg&dok'¨doDv? (3) y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv? (4) ty&mr|yg&dok'¨doDv?
(5) y#dyó'¨dyg&dok'¨doDv[k (5)rsKd; cGJjcm;rSwfom;oifhonf/
(1) y&d,EÅyg&dok'¨doDv
omraPwd\ Yk oDvonf y&d,EÅyg&do'k o
d¨ v
D rnf\/ vdiq
f ,f-
yg; 'Pfq,fyg; pk'ócEü0wf ponfjzifh ta&twGuftm;jzifh
tydkif;tjcm;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
(2) ty&d,EÅyg&dok'¨doDv
omref&[ef;awmfwdkY\ oDvonf ty&d,EÅyg&dok'¨doDv rnf-
\/ xdkomref&[ef;awmfwdkY\ oDvonf uka#udk;axmifausmf
(91805036000) jzpfonf[k ydkif;jcm;tyfaomfvnf; wpfckckudkyif
t<uif;rxifatmif aqmufwnf&jcif;udk &nf&G,fí ty&d,EÅ[k
qdo
k nf/ Ówd t*F ZD0w
d vmb ,owd\ Yk tpGr;f jzifh rysupf ;D jcif;ud-k
vnf; &nf&G,fí qdkonf/
(3) y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv
uvsmPykxkZOfwkdY\ oDvonf y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv rnf\/
uvsmPykxZk Ofonf 0dyóemw&m; vGepf mG tm;xkw\ f ? aou©y&d-
,EÅü jznfhusifh\? udk,ftoufriJh toufpGefYí oDvudk apmifh\?
xdyk *k Kd¾ v\
f oDvonf ywåjrm;ppfuohJ çYkd a&Tpifuo
hJ Ykd tvGef pifMu,f\?
pdwåKyÜg'ftjypfrQ r&Sd/ t&[wåzkdvf\ eD;uyfaom taMumif; jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv rnf\/
(4) ty&mr|yg&dok'¨doDv
aou©yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ oDvonf ty&mr|yg&dok'¨d rnf\? 'd|d &m*
ponfw\ Ykd tpGr;f jzifh rok;H oyftyfaomaMumifw
h nf;/ &m*\ tpGr;f jzifh
rok;H oyftyfaom ykxZk Ofov D onfvnf; ty&mr|yg&do'k od¨ v
D rnf-
\/ aygifudk ausmufcJjzifh ½kdufcsKd;í usifhaom wdórax&f\ oDv-
uJhodkYwnf;/
aygif½kdufcsKd;aom rax&f0w¬K
ol<u,fom; tpfudkr[mwdóonf nDjzpfol plVwdótm;
ypönf;Opömtm;vkH; vTJtyfí awmxGufum w&m;tm;xkwfaeonf/
nD\r,m; r&D;onfu ypön;f tarGavmbjzifh cJtjkd zpfol tpfukd r[m-
wdórax&fukd owf&ef vlq;kd wdu Yk kd ypön;f ay;í apvTw\ f / rax&f-

Bu;D onf rdr\ d ty&mr|oDv &m*rpGe;f Nio d nfukd rSí
D &[EÅm jzpfv-kd
aomaMumifh acwå qdik ;f MuygOD;/ &m*ESihf ao&jcif;onf &Suzf , G f jzpf-
onf[k owfvdkol vlqdk;wdkYudk qdkNyD;vQif qdkif;ihHcGifh ay;pdrfhaomiSm
aygifwuYkd kd ausmufcjJ zifh ½ku
d cf sK;d \/ wpfnvk;H a0'emudk cGmí(= 'ku-©
a0'emukd ESvHk;roGif;rlí) 0dyóem yGm;\/ t½kPfwufaomtcg
&[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&mufav\/
5/ y#dyó'¨dyg&dok'¨doDv
&[EÅmponfwdkY\ oDvonf y#dyó'dÿg&dok'döDv rnf\/
udavomylyefjcif;tm;vk;H rS Nird ;f aomaMumifh y#dyó'¨d xuf0ef;usif
pifMu,faomaMumifh yg&dok'¨drnf\/ (0dok'¨dr*ft&om? 55/)
trÁcg'ur[mwdórax&f0w¬K
trÁcg'ur[mwdórax&fonf oyÜK&o d mEkówdukd rpGe?Yf Ówd
t*F ZD0w
d vmb ,owd\ Yk tpGr;f jzifh ty&d,EÅyg&do'k o
d¨ v
D rysupf ;D ?
tpmiwfí aovkeD;yg;jzpfaomfvnf; o&ufyifatmuf a<uusae-
aom tuyfrcH&ao;aom o&ufoD;rSnfhudk aumufrpm;? odu©myk'f-
awmfudk rvGefusL;bJ usifh\/ 'kAÇdu©tcg tm[m& jywfí o&ufyif
atmufü vJaejcif; jzpf\/
OpömESihf t*Fg tEÅ&m,fa&mufvQif Opömukeyf gap t*FgtxdrcHEiS ?hf
t*FgESihf touf tEÅ&m,fa&mufvQif t*FgBu;D i,f ysuv f Qif ysuyf gap
touf rxdcEH iS ?hf toufEiS hf oDv tEÅ&m,fa&mufvQif toufaoyg-
ap? oDv txdrcHESifh? þokH;csufaom oyÜK&domEkówdudk rpGefYrlí
ESv;Hk oGi;f qifjcifjcif;jzifh taocH usiahf wmfr\
l / Oygoumwpfa,muf
jrifvwfaomf o&ufo;D azsmjf yKí uyfNy;D vQif ae&mausmif;odt Yk a&muf
ausmydk;í ykdY\/
e ydwm emyd aw rmwm? e Ówd emyd AE¨0g?
ua&maw wm'doH udpöH? oDv0EÅó um&Pm/
t,H = þOygoumonf/ aw = oif\/ e ydwm = zcifvnf;
r[kwf/ emyd rmwm = rdcifvnf; r[kwf/ e Ówd = OD;BuD; OD;av;
bBuD; baxG; tpfudkawmfpyfaom aqGrsKd;vnf; r[kwf/ emyd AE¨0g
= tuRrf;w0if cspfcifaom rdwfaqGvnf; r[kwf/ oDv0EÅó =
oDv&Sad om oif\/ um&Pm = oDv&Sjd cif;[laom taMumif;aMumif/h
wm'doH udpöH = xkdodkY tazsmf&nfuyfí ausmydk;csD o,faqmifjcif;
udpöudk/ ua&maw = jyKay\/
þodYk rax&fonf qifjcifí 0dyóemyGm;rsm;tyfaomf ausmuf-
ukef;xufüyif &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdawmfrlavonf/
(0dok'¨dr*ft&om?49?55?191/)
b0opf,lol oDvysuf
rax&fwpfyg;onf jyif;xefaom a&m*g ESdyfpufí rdrdvufjzifh
tpmudk r,lEkdif/ rdrd\ usifBuD; usifi,f twGif;ü uRHepfvl;ayum
vdrfhum ae&onf/ xdkab;em;u &[ef;i,fwpfyg;jrifí ]]ta[m ta[m
'kum© ZD0w d ocFg&m - toufEiS hf pyfaom ocFg&wdo Yk nf (0g) touf-
&Sad om cE¨mig;yg;wdo
Yk nf aMomf ..vGepf mG qif;&Juek pf w
G um;}}[k qd\ k /
]]igh&Sif ig ,ck aooGm;vQif ewfjynftwGuf pdwfcs&\/ oDvysufrS
&aom ewfpnf;pdrfonf odu©mcsí vljzpf&onfESifh wl\}}[k qdkí
oDvtysuf rcHbJ oDvESiw hf uG aornf/ oDvudk rpGev Yf [ kd k avsmif;-
pufvsuf xdk a&m*gudk a0'emrSpí emrfw&m; ½kyw f &m;wdu Yk kd 0dyóem
½IyGm;okH;oyfvwfaomf &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&mufav\/ (b0topf
,lvQif oDvcg;0wf uif;vGwo f nf/ oDv ruif;vGwaf pawmhbJ edAmÁ ef
,lrnf [lvdk/)
'kwd, yÍöuoDv
y&d,EÅç ty&d,EÅç y&dykPÖç ty&mr|ç y#dyó'¨d[k yxr
yg&dok'¨doDvig;yg;ç yÍöuudk odNyD;aemuf 'kwd,jzpfaom ---
(1) y[meoDv? (2) a0&rPdov D ? (3) apwemoDv? (4) oH0&-
oDv? (5) t0Dwu d rú oDv[k oDvig;yg;taygif;udv k nf; rSwo f m;oif-h
onf/ ygPmwdygwudavom tp t&[wår*fy,fowfaom udav-
om tqk;H &Sad om þudavomwdu Yk ykd ,fjcif;ç a&SmifMuOfjcif;ç qefu
Y si-f
jcif;ç ydwfqdkYjcif;ç rusL;vGefjcif; þodkY y,fç MuOfç qefYç ydwfç rvGefusL;
tm;jzifh ig;yg;pD &Sd\/
1/ ygPmwdygwudk y,faMumif; pdwåKyÜg'fonf y[meoDv rnf\/
([d&Dç MowåyÜç u½kPmç tavmbponf trSL;&Sdaom pdwåKyÜg'f
&\/)
2/ ygPmwdygwrS a&SmifMuOfaMumif; 0d&wDonf a0&rPdov
D rnf\/
3/ ygPmwdygw\ qefYusifbufapwemonf apwemoDv rnf\/
4/ ygPmwdygw\ 0ifaygufudk ydwfqkdYaom w&m;onf oH0&oDv
rnf\/
5/ ygPmwdygwudk rvGefusL;aMumif;w&m;onf t0DwduúroDv
rnf\/ þodkYvQif y[meoDvç a0&rPdoDvç apwemoDvç
oH0&oDvç t0DwduúroDv[k ig;yg;pD jzpfukef\/ t'dEém'ge
ponfwdkYüvnf; þtwl ig;yg;pDwnf;/
yÍöuoDv (47) yg;
ur®yxoDv (10)yg;? ykAÁbm*oDv (5)yg;? oOyg,t|orm-
ywåo
d v
D (10)yg;? r[m0dyóemoDv (18)yg;? r*fov
D (4)yg;tm;jzifh
(47)yg; jzpf\/ yÍöuoDv (47)yg;wnf;/
ur®yxoDv (10) yg;
ygPmwdygw? t'dEém'ge? umarokrdpämpm&? rkom0g'? ydokP-
0gpm? z½ko0gpm? oræyv Ü my0gpm? tbdZÑm? Asmyg'? rdpmä 'd|w
d u
Ykd kd y,fç
MuOfç qefYç ydwfç rvGefusL;tm;jzifh ig;yg;pDwnf;/ þum; ur®yx-
q,fyg;jzifh oDvjyKjcif;wnf;/
psmef&aMumif; ykAÁbm*y#dy'g (5) yg;
1/ tavmbjy"mef;aom ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'fjzifh umrpäEúdk?
2/ arwåmyGm;rsm;jcif;jzifh Asmyg'udk?
3/ tmavmuonmjzifh (0g) ESvkH;oGif;í xifvmaom tvif;udk
odjcif;jzifh xderd'üdk?
4/ orm"djzifh O'¨pöudk?
5/ tukodkvfponfudk y,fç MuOfç qefYç ydwfç rvGefusL; ig;yg;pD
jzpfonf/
þum; psmef&aMumif; ykAÁbm*y#dy'g ig;yg;jzifh jyjcif;wnf;/
oOyg,t|ormywådoDv (10) yg;
1/ r*f&aMumif;ÓPfjzifh t0dZÆmudk?
2/ psmef&aMumif; ygarmZÆjzifh t&wdudk?
3/ yxrpsmefjzifh eD0&PwdkYudk?
4/ 'kwd,psmefjzifh 0dwuf 0dpm&wdkYudk?
5/ wwd,psmefjzifh yDwdudk?
6/ pwkw¬psmefjzifh okc 'ku©wdkYudk?
7/ tmumomeÍöm,weormywfjzifh ½lyonm (15)yg;? y#donm
(10)yg;? emewåonm (44)yg;udk (0g) ½lypdwf (15)yg;? a'GyÍö-
0dnmOf (10)yg;rS <uif;umrpdwf (44)yg;udk?

8/ 0dnmPÍöm,weormywfjzifh tmumoonmudk?
9/ tmudÍönm,weormywfjzifh 0dnmPonmudk?
10/ ae0onmemonm,weormywfjzifh tmudÍn ö m,weonm-
udk y,fç MuOfç qefYç ydwfç rvGefusL;tm;jzifh ig;yg;pDyif jzpf\/
r[*¾Kwfw&m;wdkYü rkcstm;jzifh oDvteuf r&Sd? 0d&wD r&Sd? qefY-
usibf ufwu Ykd kd y,fjcif; &S\
d / xdaYk Mumifh y&d,m,ftm;jzifh qd&k \/
r[m0dyóemoDv (18) yg;
1/ tedpömEkyóemjzifh edpö[k jzpfaom rdpämonmudk?
2/ 'ku©mEkyóemjzifh okconmudk?
3/ tewåmEkyóemjzifh twåonmudk?
4/ ocFg&wdkYü NiD;aiGUzG,f[k ½Ijcif;jzifh yDwd&Sdaom wPSmudk?
5/ wyfjcif;uif;aom ½Ijcif;jzifh &m*udk?
6/ ocFg& jyefrjzpfatmif ½Ijcif;jzifh ork',udk?
7/ ocFg&pGefYaom ½Ijcif;jzifh edpöponf pGJvrf;jcif;udk?
8/ ukecf ef;jcif;udk ½Ijcif;jzifh wpfceJ ufonmudk (oEÅwçd orl[ç udpçö
tm&r®Pç wpfckwnf; wpfvkH;wpfcJwnf;[k rSwf,laom Ce-
onmudk)?
9/ ysufjcif;udk ½Ijcif;jzifh jyKjyifpk½kH;jcif;udk?
10/ azmufjyefjcif;udk ½Ijcif;jzifh cdkifcHh\[k rSwfom;jcif;udk?
11/ taumiftxnf[laom edrdwfr&Sd[k ½Ijcif;jzifh edrdwfudk?
12/ awmifhwp&mocFg&r&Sd[k ½Ijcif;jzifh &m* (= awmifhwjcif;)udk?
13/ twårSqdwf\[k ½Ijcif;jzifh twå[k ESvkH;oGif;rSm;udk?
14/ awblruudk vGefaom t"dynm"r®0dyóemjzifh tESpfom&[k
,ljcif; ESvkH;oGif;jcif;udk?
15/ ,xmblwÓPfjzifh avmuudk jA[®mzefqif;onf ponfjzifh
awGa0pGm ESvkH;oGif;jcif;udk?
16/ tjypfudk ½Ijcif;jzifh wG,fwmzG,f[k ESvkH;oGif;jcif;udk?
17/ ynmjzifh qifjcifí tzefzef ½Ijcif;jzifh arm[OD;pD;aom tukov kd f
udk?
18/ edAmÁ efoYkd ñGwaf om ½Ijcif;jzifh (0g) ocFg½kayu©mÓPf tEkavmr-
ÓPfjzifh ,SOfwGJzG,f&m ocFg&wdkYü ESvkH;oGif;jcif;udk y,fç MuOfç
qefYç ydwfç rvGefusL;tm;jzifh ig;yg;pDyif jzpf\/ þum; r[m-
0dyóemoDv (18)yg;jzifh jyjcif;wnf;/
r*fav;yg;oDv
1/ aomwmywådr*fjzifh 'd|d 0dpdudpäm udavomwpfoif;udk?
2/ ou'g*grdr*fjzifh ½kefY&if;aom udavomudk?
3/ tem*grdr*fjzifh odraf rGUaom udavomudk (0g) umr&m*orÜ,w k -f
w&m;udk?
4/ t&[wår*fjzifh tvkH;pkHaom udavom<uif;udk y,fç MuOfç qefYç
ydwfç rvGefusL;tm;jzifh ig;yg;pDyif jzpf\/ þum; r*fav;yg;jzifh
oDvjzpfjcif;wnf;/ þodkYvQif yÍöuoDv (47)yg; jzpfownf;/
oDvteuf
þae&mü y,fjcif;[lonf bm0om"ejzpfí "r®obm0 wpfpkH-
wpfck r[kwf ygPmwdygwponfwuYkd kd rjzpfapjcif;rQomwnf;/ oDv-
[k ac:a0:jcif; a0g[m&rQomwnf;/ xdkrjzpfapjcif;rQonfyif xdkxdk
arwåmpaom ukodkvf"r® pm*paom ukodkvf"r®wdkY\wnf&m Oy"m-
&PoDvteufç z½kdz&J rjzpfatmif apmifhpnf;jcif;xm;jcif; orm-
"meoDvteuf jzpfí oDvrnf\/ a0&rPdoDvç apwemoDvç
oH0&oDvç t0DwduúroDvav;yg;um; xdkygPmwdygwponfwdkYrS
a&SmifMuOfpGrf; qdkYydwfpGrf; wHorÜ,kwåapwempGrf; rvGefusL;pGrf;jzifh

pdwfjzpfjcif; jzpf\/ wpfNydKifwnf;vnf; jzpfukef\/ Oy"m&PoDv-
teuf orm"meoDvteuf ESpfyg;aom oDvteufjzpfí oDvrnf-
ukef\/
edAÁmefwdkifatmif tqifhqifh oDvtusKd;rsm;
qkdcJhNyD;aom trsKd;rsKd;aom oDvwdkYonf --
1/ pdwfom,mjcif;iSm? 2/ Ekaom yDwdjzpfjcif;iSm? 3/ &ifhaom
yDwd jzpfjcif;iSm? 4/ udk,fpdwf Nidrf;at;jcif;iSm? 5/ okcjzpfjcif;iSm?
6/ orm"dudk rSD0Jjcif;iSm? 7/ orm"dyGm;rsm;jcif;iSm? 8/ Budrfzefrsm;pGm
jyKjcif;iSm? 9/ orm"dwefqmqifjcif;iSm? 10/ orm"dtaqmuftOD
jzpfjcif;iSm? 11/ orm"dtjcHt&H jzpfjcif;iSm? 12/ orm"djynfhjcif;iSm?
13/ pifppf NiD;aiGUjcif;iSm? 14/ &m* uif;jcif;iSm? 15/ csKyfjcif;iSm? 16/
Nidrf;jcif;iSm? 17/ xl;aomÓPfjzifh odjcif;iSm? 18/ opömav;yg;udk
odjrifjcif;iSm? 19/ rao&mrSef trwr[medAmÁ ef tusK;d iSm? wpfq,f-h
ud;k rsK;d aom oDv\ tusK;d tqifq h ifu
h kd rSwo
f m;avhvm usiMhf utH m;-
xkwfukef&mownf;/ (0dok'¨dr*ft&om?60/)
ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv tus,f
oDv (4)rsK;d wdu
Yk kd a&SUwGif wifjycJo
h nf/ ygwdarmu©o0H &oDvudk
aemufrS tus,f xyfrHa0zefjyOD;rnf[k a&;cJhonfhtwdkif; ,ck
jyefvnfí &Si;f jyygrnf/ tjcm;oDv (3)rsK;d wku Yd kd odomatmif &Si;f jycJ-h
aomfvnf; ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvudk tenf;i,frQom jyqkdcJhonf/
apmifx
h ed ;f usiMhf utH m;xkwo
f u
l kd tyg,fav;yg;qif;&J oHo&m0#f-
qif;&Jç twåmEk0g'ab;ç y&mEk0g'ab;ç '@ab;ç 'k*w ¾ ad b;wkrYd S vGw-f
apwwfaomaMumifh ygwdarmu© rnf\/ ud, k Ef w
I w
f u
Ykd kd rvGeu
f sL;jcif;-
[laom apmifx h ed ;f jcif;onf oH0& rnf\/ uka#ud;k axmifausmo f ud m© -
yk'fwdkYonf oDvrnf\/
tyg,fav;yg;qif;&J
tyg,fü (ty+t,) vlcsr;f om ewfcsr;f om edAmÁ efcsr;f omjzpf-
aMumif; ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYudk t,[k ac:onf/ ty-o'´gum;
]ty*w} uif;jcif;teuf a[m\/ (t,awm ty*awmwd tyg-
a,m) t,awm = csr;f omjzpfaMumif; ukov kd af umif;rIr/S ty*awm
= uif;aom (0g) ukovkd af umif;rIjyKciG hf rsm;pGm r&? tukov kd f raumif;-
rIawG rsm;jym;vSaom bkHXmeudk tyg, (= tyg,f)[k ac:onf/
tyg,f (4) bkH
tyg,fbo Hk nf 1/ i&Jb?Hk 2/ wd& pämefb?Hk 3/ Nyw
d må bk?H 4/ tol&-
um,fbkH[k av;bkH &Sdonf/
1/ i&JbkH = ed&, = (ed+t,) þü t,-o'´gonf csrf;omokc-
[laom teufudk a[monf/ ]ed}um; r&Sdjcif; ]ew¬d}teufudk
a[m\/ ew¬d ta,m {w¬mwd ed&a,m a,m? þi&JbkHü csrf;omokc
vkH;0 cHpm;cGifh r&Sd? tjrJwrf; qif;&J'ku©awG cHpm;ae&aomaMumifh
ed&, (= i&JbkH)[k ac:qdk&onf/ tyg,fü &Sdaom ]t,}o'´gç
ed&,ü &Sdaom ]t,}o'´g þ ]t,}o'´g ESpfckwdkYudk uGJjym;atmif
rSwfyg/
2/ wd&pämef = wda&m tÍöEÅDwd wd&pämem? wd&pämemeH a,med
wd&pämea,med/ wda&m = zDvmuefYvefY (0g) tvsm;vdkuf/ tÍöEÅd
= oGm;wwfuek \ f / £wd = xdaYk Mumif/h wd&pämem = wd&pämef rnf\/
vlewfwdkYuJhodkY rwfrwf&yf roGm;wwfbJ zDvm (= tvsm;vdkuf)
oGm;wwfaom (0g) ewf&GmedAÁmeftxufodkY oGm;aMumif; ukodkvf-
w&m;awG rjyKwwf? zDvmuefYvefYjzpfaom tyg,fav;yg; oGm;-
aMumif;jzpfaom tukodkvfw&m;awGom jyKwwfaom owå0g-
rsm;udk wd&pämef[k ac:onf/ acG;ç 0ufç Muufç iSufç a>rç ig;ç

vdyfpaom owå0grsm;wnf;/
wd&pämemeH a,med wd&pämea,med = wd&pämefw\ Ykd trsK;d Zmwf jzpf\/
bkH[k oD;jcm;r&Sd? trsKd;Zmwfudkyif wd&pämefbkH[k qkd&onf/
3/ Nyw d må = okcorkó,awm yu|H {EÅw D d aywm? aywmeH orla[m
aywåd? aywåd,m 0doa,m aywåd0doa,m/ okcorkó,awm =
okctaygif;rS/ yu|H = a0;aomt&yfodkY/ {EÅd = a&mufukef\/
£wd = xdkYaMumifh/ aywm = aywwdkYrnf\/ (y + £+ w) ]ayw}-
o'´gonf wrvGefb0odkY oGm;aomol (aool) [lorQudk a[m-
aomfvnf; þae&mü csr;f omokcrS a0;aom Nyw d må udk a[monf/
aywmeH = NydwåmwdkY\/ orla[m = taygif;onf/ aywåd = aywåd
rnf\/ aywåd,m = Nydwåmtaygif;\/ 0doa,m = ae&monf/
aywåd0doa,m = aywåd0do, rnf\/ bkHoD;jcm; r&Sd/ NydwåmwdkY\
ae&mt&yfjzpfaom awm awmif jrpf acsmif; okomefpaom
t&yfrsm;udkyif NydwåmbkH[k ac:&avonf/
Nyw d må rsm;um; --- waZÆ wapä rSipf m ol&J bDv;l ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d
ac:Mu\/ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm vaygif;rsm;pGm rpm;& raomuf& tcsKUd rSm
vltrsm;\ ovdyf cRJ wHawG; rpifrsm;ESifh zdwfpifusa&mufaeaom
xrif;vkH; [if;puf [if;aygufponfwdkYudkom vk,ufwdk;a0SU pm;-
aomuf&avonf/ vu©PoH,kwfygVdawmfü jyxm;aom *dZÑuk#f-
awmifu NydwåmwdkYum; rpm;& raomuf&½kHrQru i&Jol i&Jom;rsm;
uJhodkYyif vGefpGm qif;&JaMumif; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlavonf/
4/ tol&um,f = e ok&EÅd e 'dAÁEÅDwd tok&m? tok&meH uma,m
tok&uma,m
uma,m/ e ok&EÅD e 'dAÁEÅd = tpdk;&rI jrL;xl;aysmfyg;rI
ponfwdkYjzifh ewfrsm;uJhodkY rawmufyEdkifukef/ £wd = xdkYaMumifh
tok&m = tol&mwdkY rnf\/ tok&meH = tol&mwdkY\/ uma,m
= taygif;onf/ tok&uma,m = tol&um,f rnf\/
tol&um,fbkH[k oD;jcm; r&Sd? tol&mwdkY\ ae&mt&yfudkyif
tok&um,fb[ Hk k ac:onf/ þtol&m[lonf Nyw d må tBu;D pm;rsK;d ESihf
ewftdk ewfAvcsmwdkYwnf;/ ESpf&Snfvrsm; qif;&JcHMu&\/ wcsKdU
tol&mwdkYrSm bk&m;ESpfqlokH;ql yGifhatmif Mumaomfvnf; wpfBudrfrQ
rpm;aomufMu&avukef? xdk tol&mwdkYonf orkj'm? **Fgjrpfurf;
ponfwüYkd aewwfMu\/ tvGef qmavmifrw G o
f yd Mf uavonf/ Nyw d må
tol&mtjyif ewftol&mawGvnf; &Sdao;\/
(oN*ØK[fbmom#Dum? 258/)
i&JBuD; (8) xyfESifh i&Ji,f (160)
Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf a'0'lwokwv f m i&JBu;D (8)xyfEiS hf i&Ji,f
(160)wdu
Yk kd oN*KØ [b
f mom#Dum (256)rSm ygonft h wdik ;f a&;om;azmfjy
tyfygonf/
1/ oÍÆKd 0;f i&J = oH (ykeyÜKe)H ZD0EÅd {w¬mwd oÍÆaD 0g 0g/ i&Jxed ;f ewfbvD ;l -
Bu;D awGu aoavmufatmif ckwx f pfowfjzwf n§O;f qJtyfyguke-f
aomfvnf; i&Jol i&Jom;wdkYonf tzefzeftxyfxyf touf-
&SnfMu touf&SifMuukefaomaMumifh oÍÆdK0f;i&J[k ac:onf/
2/ umVokwif &J = umVokwHå xaywGm wapäEdÅ {w¬mwd umVokawåm/
i&Jxdef;ewfrif;BuD;wdkYu twif;vdkufMuí ajy;&if;vTm;&if;
arm[dkufrl;rdkuf vJusoGm;ukefaom i&Joli&Jom;wdkYudk opfa&G
vuform;wdo Yk nf wHrsO;f csnf rJBuKd ;wdjYk zifh wdik ;f um xGmum ckwMf uç
a&GMuouJo h Ykd tckwt f a&Gc&H aomMumifh umVokwif &J[k ac:onf/
3/ oHCmwi&J = oHCma#EÅd {w¬mwd oHCmawm mawm/ tvQhHajymifajymif
awmufavmifaeaom oHawmifoHwkH;BuD;wdkYonf i&Jol i&Jom;-
wdkYudk Budwfajc xdcdkufaeMuukefaomaMumifh oHCmwi&J[k ac:-
onf/
4/ Zmva&m½k0i&J = Zmvm[d !,Srmem r[m&0H &0EÅd {w¬mwd

Zmva&m½ka0g 0g/ t&Sdefjyif;pGm w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifaeMu-
ukefaom rD;awmufrD;vQHwdkYonf avmifuRrf;tyfukefonfjzpfí
i&Jol i&Jom;wdkYonf u,fyg,lyg wpmpmjzifh BuD;rm;xefoD;
toHBuD;wdkYudk [pfatmfum cHpm;&ukefaomaMumifh Zmva&m½k0-
i&J[k ac:onf/ a&m½k0i&J[kvnf; ac:Muonf/
5/ "lra&m½k0i&J = "lar[d ao'rmem r[m&0H &0EÅd {w¬mwd
"lra&m½ka0g/ rD;tcd;k taiGUwdo Yk nf El;eyfreG ;f Muyftyfuek of nf jzpfí
i&Joil &Jom;wdo Yk nf u,fyg,lyg wpmpmjzifh Bu;D rm;xefo;D toH-
BuD;wdkYudk [pfatmfMuukefaomaMumifh "lra&m½k0i&J[k ac:onf/
r[ma&m½k0i&J[kvnf; ac:Muonf/
6/ wmyei&J = wmaywd {w¬mwd wmyaem wmyaem/ i&Jol i&Jom;wdkYudk
udk,fvkH;&J&J rD;vQHpJGí ylavmifapwwfaomaMumifh wmyei&J[k
ac:onf/
7/ ywmyei&J = twd0d, wmaywd {w¬mwd ywmyaem? wmye-
xuf ESpq f wufatmif tvGet f uJomvQif ylavmifapwwfaom-
aMumifh ywmyei&J[k ac:onf/ r[mwmyei&J[kvnf; ac:Mu
onf/
8/ t0Dpdi&J = ew¬d 0Dpd {w¬mwd t0Dpd? usnfawmuftwGif;ü ESrf;-
rkefYnufwkdYudk jynfhwif;Muyfodyfaeatmif xnfhodyfxm;ouJhodkY
jynfhwif;MuyfavSmif i&Joli&Jom;taygif;wdkYonf qif;&J'ku©
wpfrdepfrQ tMum;rusef&atmif cHMu&aomaMumifh t0Dpdi&J[k
ac:onf/
þoÍÆdK0f;i&J paom i&JBuD;&SpfxyfwdkYonf wpfxyfESifh wpfxyf
,lZmemwpfaomif;ig;axmifpD uGmjcm;onf/ tukov kd t
f <uif;tuse-f
wdkYudk cH&aom Oó'i&Ji,f (5)ckwdkYonf i&JBuD; &Spfxyfudkt&yf-
av;rsufESmwdkYrS xyfumxyfum &HaeMuaomaMumifh oÍÆdK0f;i&JrSm
t&yfav;rsuEf mS ESpq
f ,fjzpfí i&JBu;D (8)xyf? i&Ji,f (160)&So
d nf[k
rSwfyg/
Oóm'i&Ji,f (5) ck
1/ bifyyk if &J = tvGeBf u;D rm;aom yd;k aumif avmufaumifwYkd a&m>yrf;-
í rpifbifykyfeHY vTrf;vsuf qdk;oGrf;aom bifykyfi&J/
2/ jymyli&J = vGefrif;pGm jyif;jyylavmifvSonfh atmufu rD;cJESifh
tvGefw&m eD&Jaeaom jymyli&J/
3/ vufyaH wmi&J = (16)vufrcefY &Snaf om vufyq H ;l wdoYk nf i&Jol
i&Jom;wdYk txufwufvQif atmufzufoYkd tzsm;vSn\ hf / atmuf-
odkY qif;jyefvQif txufzufodkY vSnfhaeMuaom vufyHawmi&J/
4/ oefvsuf&Gufawmi&J = "m; oHvsufyrm xufonfh t&GufawG-
ayg awm\ozG,f i&Joli&Jom;wdkY\ cE¨mudk,fay:odkY oHvsuf
"m;oGm;yrm opf&Gufrsm;u a<uusojzifh xd&SjywfaMucH&aom
oefvsuf&Gufawmi&J/
5/ Budrfydkufacsmif;i&J = Budrfql;awG&H pyfcg;iefonfh oHa&ylavSmif
jrpfacsmif;twGif; xufatmufpkefqef arsmoGm;vsuf pyfcg;pl;&S
cHpm;&aom Budrfydkufacsmif;i&J[k Oó'i&Ji,f (5)ckwdkYonf i&J-
txyfwdkif;\ ta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmuf t&yfav;rsufESm-
wkdYü (5)ck (5)ckpD jcH&HaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh «(5_4=20)_8=160»
Oó'i&Ji,fonf (160)&Sdavonf/
(aqmif) oÍÆKd 0;f umv? oHCmwESihf a&m½k0ESp?f wmyefEpS ?f wGupf pft0Dp/d
txyfwdkif;rSm? bifjymvuf oefBudrfydkuf&H? ig;wefOó'&Sd/
aomif;ig;axmifpD? ocsFmnD &SpfvDi&J&Gm? a0;&if ,lZem/
þodkYvQif tyg,fav;yg;ü qif;&J'ku©BuD;rm;ykH vlcsrf;om ewf-

csrf;omponfwdkY\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfaumif;rI jyKcGifh r&MuykH?
tukodkvf raumif;rI rsm;jym;vSykH? tyg,fqif;&JodkY a&muf&SdvQif
vGwzf &Ykd m cJ,Of;ykrH sm;udk od&u
dS m tyg,fqif;&JoYkd rusra&muf&atmif
owdaqmifí BudK;pm;tm;xkwfoifhonf[k od&Sdygav/
oHo&m0#fqif;&J
cE¨mtm,we"mwleH ykeyÜKeH oHo&EÅDwd oHoma&m/ tyg,fbkH
vlUbkH ewfbkH jA[®mbkHwdkYü tyg,fcE¨m vlUcE¨m ewfcE¨m jA[®mcE¨m
tm,we"mwfw\ Ykd tzefzeftxyfxyf usivf nfajy;oGm;Mu&aom-
aMumifh oHo&m[k ac:onf/ tzefzef tcgcg txyfxyf y#doaEäe-
&jcif; tkd&jcif; em&jcif; ao&jcif; cspfolcifolawGESifh uGJuGm&jcif;
rcspfrcifolawGESifh a&maESmae&ç aygif;oif;ae&jcif; pm;0wfaea&;-
twGuf vky&f udik &f &SmazG& pm;& aomuf& ponfwo Ykd nfvnf; rqk;H -
Edkifaom oHo&m'ku©BuD;rsm;yif jzpfonf/
vlUbkHavmu
,ckacwf rsufjriftm;jzifh awGUMuHKaeMu&onfum; vltrsKd;rsKd;-
wdkY\ aexdkif&m awmifuRef;omwnf;/ taemufuRef; ta&SUuRef;
ajrmufuRe;f rsm;vnf; &Sad o;\/ xdt Yk wl orkj'mav;pif; &S\
d / xku
d Re;f -
BuD;av;uRef;wdkY\ orkj'mav;pif;tv,fü jrif;rkd&fawmifBuD;ESifh
awmif&H (7)vk;H (7)xyf &S\d / uRe;f av;uRe;f wd\Yk wnf&m urÇmBu;D udk
ywfvsuf pMu0VmawmifBuD; umqD;vsuf &Sdjyefonf/
(oajyuefy&dwfBuD;edó,opf?483/)
wkdufBuD; (6) wdkufESifh ork'´&mBuD; (5) pif;

,ckacwftac:ta0:rsm;rSm tm&Swu
kd çf Oa&mywdu
k çf awmift-
ar&duwdu k çf ajrmuftar&duwdu k çf tmz&duwdu k çf Mopaw;vswu kd [
f k
wdkufBuD; (6)wdkuf &Sdonf/ ork'´&mrSmvnf; tmwdwfork'´&mç tEÅm-
wdwo f rk'&´ mç twåvEÅw
d of rk'&´ mç ypdzw
d o
f rk'&´ mç tdE,
d´ ork'&´ m[k
(5)pif;&Sdonf/ urÇmYajrmufjcrf; tEÅmwdwfork'´&mtwGif;ü aeESifh
tvGef a0;uGmaeí a&cJawmifrsm; a&cJw;Hk rsm; &Sad eonf/ urÇmt Y jrif-h
qkH; {0&ufawmifvnf; &Sdaeonf/ {0&ufawmifonf jrif;rdk&fawmif
r[kwfonfudk owdjyKyg/
jrif;rd&k af wmifBu;D udk awmifpOf(7)xyf &Hywfvsuf &So d nf/ ¤if;wd-Yk
rSm - ,k*E¨Kd &af wmifç þoHo&awmifç u&0duawmifç ok'óeawmifç
aerdE&¨ awmifç 0demouawmifç tóuPÖawmifwYkd jzpfonf/ ajrjyifrS
,k*E¨Kd &af wmifxyd t f xd pmwkr[m&mZfewfbHk wnf&\ dS / ,k*E¨Kd &af wmif-
xdyrf S jrif;rd&k af wmifxyd t f xd wm0wðomewfbHk wnf&\ dS / wm0wðom
bkrH S txufaumif;uifü ,mrmbk?H wkow d mbk?H edrm® e&wdb?Hk y&edrw d® -
0o0wDewfbkH[k ewfjynf (6)xyfwnf&Sdavonf/ xdkewfbkH (6)bkH
ewfjynf (6)xyfwo Ykd nf ,lZemaygif; (42000),lZempD a0;uGmMuav-
onf/ vlUjynfrS pmwkr[m&mZfewfbkHodkYvnf; ,lZem (42000)yif
uGma0;onf[k qdkygonf/ odkY&mwGif vlUjynf vlUavmuwGif wnf&Sd-
aom wefc;kd £'dy¨ g'fEiS hf jynfph u Hk ek af om bkrp® ;kd ewf ½kup© ;kd ewf tmum-
opdk;ewfwdkYudkvnf; pmwkr[m&mZfewfrif;BuD;rsm; tkyfcsKyfcH&aom
pmwkr[m&mZfewfbw Hk w
Ykd iG f yg0ifMuavonf/ rdrw d Ykd teD;&Sd ewfrsm;udk
rjrif&ouJhodkY jrif;rdk&fawmifudk rjrifEkdifaMumif; odygav/
(aqmif) av;aomif;ESpfaxmif ocsFmaqmif?
vlUabmif ewfajcmuf&Gm/
pmwkr[m&mZfbHk
ewfrif;Bu;D av;yg;u tkycf sKycf &H aom e,fajr jzpfí pmwkr[m-
&mZfb[
Hk k ac:onf/ jrif;rd&k af wmif\ ta&SUbufrsuEf mS ,k*E¨Kd &af wmif-
xdyfrS atmufbufydkif;e,fajrrsm;wGif *EÄÁewfwdkY &dSMuavonf/

xdk*EÄÁewfwdkYudk "w&|ewfrif;BuD; tkyfcsKyfavonf/
awmifbufrsufESmü ukrÇPfewfwdkY &dSMuonf/ 0d½lV§uewfrif;-
BuD;u tkyfcsKyfavonf/ taemufbuf t&yfwGif ewfe*g;wdkY &SdMu-
avonf/ 0d½yl u©ewfrif;Bu;D u tkycf sKyaf vonf/ ajrmufbuft&yfü
ewfbv D ;l wdYk &SMd uavonf/ uka0&ewfrif;Bu;D ac: a0ó0Pfewfrif;-
BuD;u tkyfcsKyfavonf/
wm0wðomewfbkH
wm0wðomewfjynfü a&S;a[mif;ewfrsm; &Scd \ hJ / r*"wdik ;f rpv-
&Gmu rmCvkvifonf taygif;tazmf okH;usdyfokH;a,mufESifhtwl
aumif;rIjyKc&hJ m xdek wfbo
Hk Ykd a&mufvmMu\/ {nfo h nfawG a&mufvm-
Muonf[k &S&d if;pGeJ wfrsm;u *Eÿgeac: arT;BuKd io f nft h eY&H aSd om ewf-
tazsmfudk pDrHMu\/ acgif;aqmifewfrif;u rdrdtazmfrsm;tm; xdk
tazsmrf sm;udk rsm;rsm;raomufMubJ aomuf[efaqmif½rHk Qom jyKMuzdYk
BudKwifowday;xm;aomaMumifh xdkewf (33)a,mufwdkYonf rsm;rsm;
raomufMu &Sd&if;pGJewfrsm;onf tvGeftuRHaomufMuí rl;vJarh-
avsmah epOf ajcaxmufrsm;udk pGu J ikd u
f m jrif;rd&k af wmifajcodYk ypfcsMu-
ukef\/ jrif;rdk&fawmifajcrSmvnf; olwdkYuHt& ewfbkHewfeef;rsm;
ay:vmavonf/ xdk jrif;rd&k af wmifajc ewfbrHk sm;udk tol&mewfjynf-
[k ac:avonf/
acgif;aqmifewfrif;rmConf &Sd&if;pGJ wm0wðomewfjynfü
odMum;rif;jzpfvmNy;D taygif;tazmf (33)a,mufwo
Ykd nf odMum;rif;\
ewfy&dowf jzpfvmavonf/ xdkewfbkHudk wm0wðo awwåðot&
wm0wðomewfbkH[k ac:qdkMuavonf/
odMum;rif;BuD;onf xdkwm0wðomewfjynfü yZmywdewfrif;
0½kPewfrif; þomeewfrif;[kk tqifq h ifx h m;í tkycf sKyaf vonf/
od M um;rif ; onf pmwk r [mewf r if ; BuD ; av;yg;wd k Y u d k v nf ;
tkyfcsKyfonf[k qdkygonf/
txufaumif;uifü wnf&MdS uaom ,mrmewfbçHk wkow d mewf-
bkHç edr®me&wDewfbkHç y&edr®dw0o0wåDewfbkHwdkYudk rm&fewfrif;BuD;u
tkyfcsKyfonf[k qdkygonf/
jA[®mjynf (20)
½ly (16)bHk t½ly (4)bHk &Sd\/ ½ly (16)bHkwdkYrSm jA[®yg&doZÆmç
jA[®yka&m[dumç r[mjA[®m-[k yxrpsmef (3)bkH? y&dwåbmç tyÜrm-
Pbmç tmbó&mbkH-[k 'kwd,psmef (3)bkH? y&dwåokbmç tyÜrm-
Pokbmç okbudPSm-[k wwd,psmef (3)bkH? a0[yæKdvfbkH ton-
owfbHk ok'0¨ go (5)bk-H [k pwkwp¬ smefbHk (7)bkH aygif; (16)bkw
H o
Ykd nf
½lyjA[®mbkH (16)bkH jzpfonf/
ok'¨0go (5) bkH
t0d[mbkHç twyÜgbkHç ok'ómbkHç ok'óDbkHç tued|bkH[k
ok'0¨ go (5)bkH jzpfonf/ xdo
k 'k 0¨ go (5)bküH tem*grf&[EÅm pifMu,f-
aom jA[®mBuD;rsm; &Sdonf/
t½lyjA[®mbkH (4) bkH
tmumomeÍöm,webkçH 0dnmPÍöm,webkçH tmudÍn
ö m,w-
ebkHç ae0onmemonm,webkH[k t½lyjA[®mç emrfrQom &Sdaom
jA[®mBuD;wdkY ae&m t½ly (4)bkH jzpfonf/
jA[®jynfwdkY\ tuGmta0;
yxrpsmef (3)bk?H 'kw,
d psmef (3)bk?H wwd,psmef (3)bk?H pwkw-¬
psmef (7)bkHwdkYonf wjyifwnf;wnf; &SdMuonfhtjyif wpfckESifhwpfck

,lZemaygif; ig;oef;ig;odef;&Spfaxmif (5508000),lZem a0;uGm-
Muonf/
(aqmif) ig;oef;ig;odef;ç &Spfaxmifcsdef;ç wGufudef; jA[®mh&Gm/
t½lybko H nfum; emrfom&Sad om bkrH sm; jzpfí tuGmta0; rnfrQ
&Sdonf[k rjyqdkoifhay/
þodkYvQif tyg,f (4)bkHç vlUbkHç ewfjynf (6)xyfç jA[®m (20)
aygif;vdkufaomf (31)bkH jzpfonf/
pMu0Vm
þ (31)bkH wnf&&dS m urÇmavmuBu;D wpfcu
k kd pMu0Vm[k qd&k -
onf/ þuJhodkY qufumqufum wnf&Sdaom xdkpMu0Vmtaygif;rSm
ra&rwGufEkdifatmif rsm;jym;vSonf/ pMu0Vmaygif; tqkH;r&Sdawmh-
ay/
pMu0VmESifh acwf (3) yg;
Zmwdacwf? tmPmacwf? 0do,acwf[k usrf;*efwdkYü acwf
(3)yg; jyqdkMuonf/
Zmwdacwf = jrwfpGmbk&m; tavmif;awmf arG;zGm;&m umv
ponfwüYkd zGm;jrifawmfro
l nft
h csed üf pMu0Vmaygif; wdu
k w
f pfaomif;
wdkifatmif wkefvIyfausmfMum;\/ ¤if;udk Zmwdacwf[k ac:onf/
tmPmacwf = uka#wpfoed ;f ukeaf om pMu0VmwdüYk ewfjA[®m-
wkdYonf &weokwfy&dwfawmf\ wefcdk;tmPm t&Sdeft0gudk cH,lMu-
ukeo f nf[k qdx
k m;onft
h wdik ;f jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\
f wefc;kd tmPmawmf
ysHUESHU&m pMu0Vm uka#wpfodef;ukd tmPmacwf[k ac:onf/
0do,acwf = jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif tm½kHjyKawmfrlEdkifaom ra&r-
wGuEf ikd af om pMu0VmteEÅukd 0do,acwf[k ac:onf/ þodaYk om-
acwf (3)yg;udk rSwfom;oifhonf/ þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf
pMu0VmteEÅ ra&rwGuEf idk af tmif pMu0VmawG &Sad eaMumif; ESpaf ygif;
(2500)ausmu f mvuyif xkwaf zmf a[mMum;xm;onfukd od&ESd ikd o
f nf/
eufeJvSpGm pMu0Vm «jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;?twGJ-3? 317/»
a&S;vltrsm;onf pMu0VmtaMumif;udk olwo Ykd o
d rQ trsK;d rsK;d &Si;f -
vif;azmfjycJMh uonf/ a&S; od;k aqmif;Ekid if rH sm;wGif tcsKUd u pMu0Vmonf
ukef;vdyfBuD;ausmay:ü wnf&Sdaeonf/ *&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf urÇmudk
tufwvwfqdkonfh ewfu ykckH;ay:ü wifxm;onf[k ,kHMunfMu
onf/ a&S;vlwo Ykd nf rsm;aomtm;jzifh pMu0VmA[dük urÇmajr wnf&dS
onf[k xifrw S Mf uonf/ aeç vç Mu,fwo Ykd nf urÇmudk vSnyhf wfum
oGm;Muonf[k ,kMH unfMuí ta&SUç taemufç awmifç ajrmufbufoYkd
c&D;a0;a0;oGm;vQif vdrfhusvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfMuonf/
c&pf (1400)ESihf (1500)jynfEh pS rf sm;twGi;f ü taemufEikd if o H m;-
wdoYk nf e,fajropfrsm;udk &SmazGawGU&Sd cJMh ujcif;aMumifh urÇmajrBu;D \
yko
H P²meftrSeu f kd vlwYkd od&vSd mMuonf/ ewfuw © aå A'yg&*lrsm; jzpf-
Muaom aumhyg;eduyfç ydu k o
f m*k&d yf(pf)ç *,fvv
D ,
D çdk uufyvmç EsLwef
wdkY\ avhvmawGU&SdrIrsm;aMumifh urÇmajrBuD;onf pMu0Vm\ A[dkü
r&SdaMumif;udk em;vnfvmMuonf/ urÇmajrBuD;onf ajrmufjrm;-
pGmaom N*Kd [rf sm;teuf wpfcrk Qom jzpfí xdNk *Kd [rf sm;tm;vk;H u aeudk
vSnyhf wfvsuf oGm;aeaMumif;udyk g odvmMuonf/ pMu0VmwGif Mu,f-
wdkYonf tc&mjzpfaMumif; olwdkY od&SdvmMuonf/ udk,fydkif tvif;
r&Sad omç aerS ta&miftvif;&aomç aeudk ywfae&aom t&m0w¬K-
rsm;udk N*dK[f[k ac:í udk,fydkiftvif;&Sdaom Mu,frsm;udk aersm;
jzpfonf[k ,lqMuonf/
aeudk A[kdjyKí N*dK[frsm; vSnfhywfaeykH

tv,fA[dkwGif wnf&Sdaom aeudk N*dK[fwdkYonf vsifjrefaom
t[kejf zifh vSnyhf wfaeMuonf/ aeESihf teD;uyfq;Hk ywfaeaom N*Kd [-f
i,fuav;rSm rmusL&Dac: Ak'¨[l;N*dK[f jzpf\/ ,if;N*dK[fonf aeudk
(88)&ufwGif wpfywf ywfrdonf/ 'kwd, ywfaeaom N*dK[frSm AD;eyf
(pf)N*dK[f (ac:) aomMumN*dK[f jzpf\/ ,if;N*dK[fonf aeudk (7)vESifh
&uftenf;i,f ausmv f eG rf o
S m wpfywf ywfro d nf/ wwd, ywfae-
aom N*dK[frSm uREkfyfwdkY\ urÇmN*dK[fac: &m[kN*dK[f jzpfí ,if;N*dK[fü
vwpfvkH;u ywfaejyefonf/ urÇmN*dK[f\ tjyifbuf pwkw¬ajrmuf
ywfaeaom N*dK[fonf rm;(pf) (ac:) t*FgN*dK[f jzpf\/ ,if;N*dK[fü
vESpfck &Hywfvsuf &Sdonf/ eu©wåaA'ynm&Sifrsm;\ tqdkt& ,if;
t*FgN*Kd [f rsuEf mS jyifwiG f wl;ajrmif;rsm; ,Suo f ef;vsuf &So d nf/ rm;(pf)
N*Kd [\
f tjyifbuf yÍörajrmufwiG f N*Kd [o f rd Nf *Kd [rf mT ;\ vrf;aMumif;&S-d
onf/ ,if;wdu Yk m; taMumif;wpfpw Hk pf&maMumifh aMuuGJ ysupf ;D oGm;-
aom N*dK[fwpfckrS <uif;usef&pfonfh tpdwftydkif;rsm; jzpfrnf[k
,lqMuonf/
xdNk *Kd [af emuf q|ajrmuf ywfaeaom N*Kd [rf mS tBu;D qk;H jzpfaom
*sLyDwm (ac:) Mumoyaw;N*Kd [f jzpfonf/ v (9)vk;H jc&H v H su&f adS Mumif;
awGUjrifEikd o f nf/ *sLyDwmN*Kd [af emuf owårajrmuf ywfaeaom *sLyD-
wmatmuf 'kwd,tBuD;qkH;jzpfaom qufwef (ac:) paeN*dK[fu
ywfaeonf/ ,if;N*Kd [\ f ywfvnfwiG f cg;ywfuo hJ Ykd uGi;f rsm; 0ef;&Hí
ywfxm;onf/ v (9)vkH;yif jcH&Hvsuf &SdMuonf/ xdkvrsm;ESifh uGif;-
rsm;udk ta0;Munfh rSefajymif;jzifh MunfhrSom jrifEdkifonf/ qufwef
N*dK[f\aemuf t|rajrmuf ywfaeaom N*dK[frSm ,la&;ewfN*dK[f
jzpfonf/ v (4)ck jc&H v H suf &S\
d / ,if;aemuf e0rajrmuf ywfaeaom
N*Kd [rf mS vwpfco k m&Sad om eufyuRe;f N*Kd [u
f kd awGU&onf/ aerS ta0;-
qkH; 'orajrmuf ywfaeaom N*dK[frSm yvlwdkN*dK[f jzpfonf/
(jrefrmpG,fpkHusrf;? twGJ-3? 318/)
þodkYvQif aeudk A[dkxm;í tpOftwdkif; 1/ rmusL&D 2/ AD;eyfpf
3/ urÇmN*dK[f 4/ rm; (pf) 5/ N*dK[fodrf N*dK[frTm; 6/ *sLyDwm? 7/ quf
wef 8/ ,la&;ewf? 9/ eufyuRef;? 10/ yvlwdk[k N*dK[f (10)vkH; vrf;-
aMumif;twdkif; vSnfhywfaeMuonf[k qdkonf/
aA'ifusrf;tvdk aeY 7-aeUESifh N*dK[frsm;
1/ we*FaEGN*dK[f ae
2/ wevFmN*dK[f v
3/ t*FgN*dK[f rm;(pf)
4/ Ak'¨[l;N*dK[f rmusL&D
5/ Mumoyaw; *sLyDwm
6/ aomMum AD;eyfpf
7/ pae qufwef
8/ &m[k urÇm
9/ udwf
10/ rdwåK
yd#uwfpmay jrefrmpmayvm pMu0VmESifh eu©wåaA'yg&*l
odyyHÜ nm&Siw f Ykd ,lqMuaom pMu0Vmwd\ Yk taMumif; odaumif;p&m-
rsm; EIdif;,SOf,lq oabmaygufEdkifMuukefap&ef a&;om;wifjytyf-
ygonf/ þodYk pMu0Vm urÇmavmu"mwfBu;D twGi;f ü wnf&MdS uaom
a&aeowå0g uke;f aeowå0g aumif;uifae owå0gwd\ Yk cE¨tm,we
"mwfwdkY tzefzeftcgcg txyfxyfjzpfMuí y#doaEäeç tdkç emç ao
paom rqHk;Ekdif rNyD;Edkifaom oHo&m0#f 'ku©BuD;rsm;udk tZÑwåç A[d'¨
&Sd&SdorQaom 'ku©taygif;wdkYudk od&Sd&atmif BudK;pm;oifhonf/
ab;BuD; (4) rsKd;

1/ twåmEk0g'ab; = rdrdudk,fudk rdrdjyefí (ig[m oDvysufpD;aeol-
ygvm; ponfjzifh) pGyfpGJjcif;?
2/ y&mEk0g'ab; = olwpfyg; (ynm&S)d wk\ Yd uJ&h UJ jypfwif pGypf JG cH&-
jcif;?
3/ '@ab; = tpdk;&rif;wdkY\ aiG'Pf Budrf'Pf axmif'Pf
ao'Pf paom ab;'Pf ay;cH&jcif;?
4/ 'k*¾wdab; = tyg,f(4)yg; 'k*¾wdb0bHkXmersm;ç raumif;-
aom t&yfa'orsm;odkY vm;&a&muf&jcif;
jzpf&jcif;?
þqdck NhJ y;D aom tyg,f (4)yg;qif;&J oHo&m0#f'u
k q
© if;&J twåm-
Ek0g'ab; ponfwdkYrS vGwfapwwfaomaMumifh ygwdarmu© rnf\/
ygwdarmuf (2) rsKd;
ygwdarmu©t& oDvygwdarmufç *E¦ygwdarmuf[k ESprf sKd; ,l&\/
tyg,f'uk © oHo&m0#f'u
k © ponfwrYkd S vGwaf pwwfaom 0d&wDapw-
em paom oDvygwdarmufukd rkcstm;jzifh &\/ *E¦usrf;*efonf xdk
oDvygwdarmufudk xGef;jywwfaomaMumifh *E¦ygwdarmufudkvnf;
zvlypmtm;jzifh &\/
oDvygwdarmuf[o l nf t"dovD odum© yif jzpf\/ 0d&wDapwem
paom w&m;udk,fwdkYwnf;/ *E¦ygwdarmuf[lonf ]]okPmwk ar
baEÅ}} paom pdwaf Mumifjh zpfaom tu©&yab' tu©&mtpOftwef;
wnf;/ xdkESpfyg;wdkYwGif *E¦ygwdarmufonfom O'dóeBud,m\ uH
jzpfaumif;aomaMumifh ]ygwdarmu©H}t& *E¦ygwdarmufudk ,l&\/
*E¦ygwdarmuf (2) rsKd;
xdk*E¦ygwdarmufonf tmPmygwdarmufç Mo0g'ygwdarmuf[k
ESpfrsKd; jym;\/ tmPmygwdarmufonf om0uwdkY\ t&mjzpfí
usifhMuHvdkufemMu&onf/ Mo0g'ygwdarmufonf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif-
wdkY\t&m? yxraAm"d (= 0g-20)wdkifatmif bk&m;&SifwdkY jyqdkMo0g'
ay;awmfrlonf/ þae&mü om0uwdkYtwGufjzpfí tmPmygwd-
armufudk ,lyg/
tmPmygwdarmuf (2) rsKd;
xdt k mPmygwdarmufonf bduK© ygwdarmufç bduK© eyD gwdarmuf[k
ESpfrsKd; jym;\/ a'Grmwdum[kvnf; ac:\/ odu©myk'f rmwdum
acgif;pOfrQom jyqdxk m;onf/ aqmifv, G f rSwv
f ,
G af p&ef ygVdawmfrS
xkwfí OykofjyKaomtcg &Gwfqdkjy&onf/ bdu©Kygwdarmufü ed'gEk-
a'ó paom Oa'ó (5)rsKd; jyqdkxm;ygonf/ bdu©KeDygwdarmufü
ted,wka'ó ryg? Oa'ó (4)yg; jzpf\/
oifwef;ydkYcsrnfh tpDtpOf
þ 0denf;oifwef;ü ed'gEka'ópaom Oa'ótpOfjzifh roifjybJ
tmywf (7)yHktpOfjzifhom jcHKí oifjyoGm;rnff jzpfygonf/ xdkYaemuf
&[ef; omraPwdkY vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf vdkufemoifhaom q&m0wf
wynfh0wf paom pk'ócEü0wftus,f ouFef;ç ausmif;ç qGrf;ç
aq;wdüYk usiahf qmifz,
G rf sm;? ausmif;xdik b
f ek ;f Bu;D rsm; odxm;oifah om
uHBuD; uHi,f toG,foG,frsm;? uHav;yg;ç y&du©&m (8)yg;ESifh pyfí
odrSwfzG,frsm;udk odom½kH tusOf;csKyfí oifMum;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
BudKwif odaptyfygonf/
tmywf (7) ykH

jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio
f nf ynwfawmfrt l yfaom 0denf;a'oemawmf-
vm odu©myk'f uka#udk;axmifausmfwdkYudk usL;vGefí ajcmufyg;aom
taMumif;aMumifh oifha&mufaom tmywfwdkYrSm --
1/ yg&mZdutmywf
2/ oHCm'daooftmywf
3/ xkv’pöOf;tmywf
4/ ygpdwftmywf
5/ yg#da'oeDtmywf
6/ 'kuú#ftmywf
7/ 'kAÇmoDtmywf[k (7)rsKd; jzpfonf/
tmywfoifhjcif;taMumif; (6) yg;
1/ tvZÆdwm = t&Sufr&Sdjcif;?
2/ tnmPwm = rodwwfjcif;?
3/ ukuKú pyö uwwåm = tyfoavm rtyfoavm[k ukuKú pö ESyd pf ufjcif;?
4/ tuydaÜ , uyd, Ü ondwm = rtyfaom t&mü tyf\[k xifrw S -f
jcif;?
5/ uydaÜ , tuyd,Ü ondwm = tyfaom t&mXmü rtyf[k xifrw S -f
jcif;?
6/ owdoar®mom = owduif;vGwf arhavsmhjcif;[k - tmywf (7)yHk
oifh&jcif;\ taMumif; (6)yg;udk txl;owdxm; rSwfom;oifh\/
(aqmif) tvZf-tnmç ukuúKpömESifhç tuyÜmxnhfç aemufuydÜwnf;ç
owdarmowfç þajcmuf&yfç tmywfoifhaMumif;wnf;/
(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum)
]yg&mZdu}t"dyÜm,f (3) rsKd;
1/ y&mZd,wDwd yg&mZdaum (yk*¾avm) - omoemawmfxrf; &[ef;-
tjzpfrS qHk;½IH;apwwfoludk &ap/
2/ y&maZwDwd yg&mZduH (odu©my'H) - 0Dwduúr&[ef;udk omoem-
awmfrS qHk;½IH;apwwfaom odu©myk'fudk &ap/
3/ tZÑmpm&bdu©KH y&maZwDwd yg&mZdum (tmywåd) - vGefusL;aom
&[ef;udk omoemawmfrS qHk;½IH;apwwfaom tmywfudk &ap/
xdk (3)rsK;d wdw
Yk iG f yk*Kd¾ vo
f nf yg&mZduodum© yk'uf kd vGeu
f sL;apjcif;-
[laom taMumif;aMumifh &[ef;tjzpf[k qdt k yfaom omoemawmfrS
qk;H ½I;H jcif;odYk a&muf&um; yk*Kd¾ vu f kd ]yg&mZdu}[k ac:onf/ odum© yk'u f kd
vGefusL;aom &[ef;udk omoemawmfrS qHk;½IH;apwwfaomaMumifh
odu©myk'fudk ]yg&mZdu}[k ac:onf/ yg&mZdutmywfodkY a&mufaom
&[ef;udk omoemawmfrS qHk;½IH;apwwfaomaMumifh tmywfudkvnf;
]yg&mZdu} ac:onf/
&[ef;awmfwdkY\ touf yg&mZdu (24) yg;
0dew
D 0w¬Kpaom xkx d kd 0dbif;ygVdawmfwüYkd vmaom tvH;k pHak om
yg&mZduwdkYudk aygif;aomff yg&mZdu 24-yg; jzpf\/
(u) bdu©Kyg&mZduüvmaom yg&mZdu 4-yg;?
( c ) bdu©KeD tom"m&Pyg&mZdu 4-yg;?
( * ) y@Kufpaom tbAÁyk*¾dKvf 11-a,muf? yg&mZdu 11-yg;?

(C) vlxGufaom vl0wfvJaom bdu©KeDr yg&mZdu 1-yg;?
( i ) vdif&Snfí rdrdt*FgZmwfudk cHwGif;odkYjzpfapç 0pör*fodkYjzpfap
oGif;aom yg&mZdu 1-yg;?
( p ) ausmufukef;El;nHhí rdrdt*FgZmwfudk cHwGif;jzifh pkyfaom
yg&mZdu 1-yg;?
(q) olwpfyg;t*FgZmwfudk cHwGif;jzifh pkyfaom yg&mZdu 1-yg;?
( Z ) olwpfyg;t*FgZmwfay:rSm rdr0d pör*fjzifh zdxikd af om yg&mZdu
1-yg;?
pkpkaygif; yg&mZdu (24)yg; jzpfonf/
aemufqHk; (4)yg;udk tEkavmryg&mZdu[k ac:onf/
(aqmif) &Spyf g; yg&m? bAÁm q,fw h pf? vl0wfonhf eD? vdi&f n S f ausmufE?l
(vrÁD rk')k ? pkyrf I xdik u
f m? jyKwykH g? yg&m ESpq
f ,fah v;/ aemufq;kH
av;rSm? Ekavmrm? yg&m rSwfukefao;/
tbAÁyk*d¾Kvf (11) a,muf
1/ y@Kuf = &[ef;rjyKaumif;aom y@Kuf/
2/ ax,soH0gou = toGiftaygif;tazmf cdk;ol/
3/ wdw,¬d yuúEu Å = t,lrwlaom wdww ¬d aYkd bmif ul;ajymif;oGm;ol?
wjcm;bmomajymif;ol/
4/ wd& pämef = &[ef;rcHzdkY&ef y,f&Sm;xm;aom wd& pämef/
5/ rmwkCmwu = trdudk owfaomol/
6/ ydwkCmwu = tzudk owfaomol/
7/ t&[EÅCmwu = udavomuif;uGm vlZmwf&[EÅmudk owf-
aomol/
8/ avm[dwyk gÜ 'u = bk&m;&Siu f kd aoG;pdr;f wnfatmif aoG;xGuo f -H
,djk zpfatmif vkyo
f /l (bk&m;½kyw f k ½ku
d cf sK;d olrsm;? aAm"dyif ckwvf -JS
olrsm; tvm;wl\/)
9/ oHCab'u = oHCmtcsif;csif; toif;uGJatmif odrfwpfck-
wnf;ü uHcGJaqmif&ef tm;xkwfol/
10/ bdu©KeD'lou = bdu©KeDrudk arxkefusL;vGefí zsufqD;ol/
11/ ObawmAsnf; = rdef;r a,mufsm; edrdwfESpfck yg&Sdol/
(aqmif) yPfç axç yufç qef? yÍöEHé? 'loHç Oabmyg?
q,fhwpfa,mufyif? &[ef; &Sif? jyKvQif rtyfyg/
xdkYaMumifhomy? tbAÁ? ac:&avonfom/
y@Kuf (5) rsKd;
1/ tmodwu å y@Kuf - tmoÍD, ö awwd tmodw?Hå tmodwHå ,ó
tw¬Dwd tmodwåaum/ yef;pkyfukvm;rsm;uJhodkY olwpfyg;wdkY\
okuaf oG;udk yg;pyfü oGe;f avmif;tyfonft h cg (0g) pkyof nft h cg
(arxkeoH0go jyK&ovdk) udavomtylNidrf;aom y@Kufudk
tmodwåuy@Kuf[k ac:onf/
2/ Oól,y@Kuf - Oól,wDwd Oóla,m/ olwpfyg;wdYk arxkeoH-
0gojyKaeonfukd acsmif;ajrmif;Munf½h &I vQif udavomtyl Nird ;f -
aom y@Kufudk Oól,y@Kuf[k ac:onf/
3/ Moyuúru d y@Kuf - Oyuúare edAw Á Hå Moyuúru d /H vHv
Yk jzifx
h wk -f
tyfaom a0S;aph&Sdaomolwnf;/ eef;awmfwGif;ü rdef;raqmifudk
tkyx
f ed ;f &aom trwfrsm;uho J Ykd wrifxw k yf pftyfaom a0S;aph&-dS
olukd (0g) a0S;aphtxkwcf &H olukd Moyuúru d y@Ku[ f k ac:onf/
4/ yu©y@Kuf - vqef;yu©üjzpfapç vqkwfyu©üjzpfap wpfyu©
wpfyu©ü umrpdw"f mwf txl;x<uvsuf oH0gojyK&rS auseyf-

oludk yu©y@Kuf[k ac:onf/
5/ eyHkouy@Kuf - rdef;rt*FgZmwfç a,mufsm;t*FgZmwf ESpfrsKd;-
pvHk;yif txift&Sm; ryg&Sdoludk eyHkouy@Kuf[k ac:onf/
(aqmif) tm-O-Mo-yuf? eyHk;pGuf? rSwfcsuf y@Kuf ig;/
&[ef;jyKaumif; rjyKaumif; y@KuftcJG
tmodwåuy@KufESifh Oól,y@KufwdkYonf &[ef;jyKaumif;-
Muí Moyuúru d y@KuEf iS hf eyHo
k uy@Kuw
f u
Ykd m; &[ef;rjyKaumif;-
Muukef? yu©y@Kufonfum; y@Kufjzpfaom yu©üom &[ef;rjyK&?
y@Kufrjzpfaom yu©üum; &[ef;jyKEkdifMuonf/ &[ef;jyKaumif;-
onf[k odyg/
(aqmif) tm-O-bAÁ? MoESifh e? rSwfMu tbAÁm/
yPfjzpf yu©? tbAÁ? <uif;x bAÁom/
ax,soH0gouESifh pyfí axeu (3) rsKd;
toGiu
f kd cd;k aom vd*aF xeuç aygif;azmfjcif;udk ck;d aom oH0go-
axeuç toGifESifh taygif;tazmf ESpfyg;pvHk;udk cdk;aom Ob,ax-
eu[k axeu (3)rsKd;wdkYudk ydkif;jcm; rSwfom;oifhonf/
1/ vd*aF xeu = q&mOyZÑ,f r&Sb d J rdrt
d vdv
k kd ud,
k b
hf mom ouFe;f
0wfí &[ef;0g &Sif0gudkvnf; ra&wGuf? &[ef; omraPwdkY\
&Sdckd;jcif;udkvnf; rom,m? uHBuD; uHi,fjyK&müvnf; ryg0ifaom
olonf rpifMu,faom pdwf&Sdojzifh &[ef;toGif &SiftoGifrQ-
avmufudkom cdk;jcif;aMumifh vd*Faxeu rnf\/
(rSwfcsuf) rif;ab; cd;k olab; olyek af b;ponfwaYkd Mumifh rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f
ud,
k b
hf mom ouFe;f 0wfí &[ef;a,mifaqmifaomfvnf;
&[ef;0g a&wGujf cif; ponfrjyKaomf vd*aF xeu rjzpf/
2/ oH0goaxeu = &SifomraPjzpfNyD;olonf rdrdudk rodMuaom
wjcm;t&yfwpfyg;odkY a&mufaomtcg &[ef; r[kwfbJ &[ef;0g
a&wGufjcif;ç 0gi,faom omraPwdkY\ &Sdcdk;jcif;udkom,mjcif;ç
OyorÜ'uH OykofuH ponfwdkYü yg0ifjcif;paom trIudkjyKtHh? xdk
omraPonf taygif;tazmfrQom cd;k aomaMumifh oH0goaxeu
rnf\/
3/ Ob,axeu = tMuifolonf q&mOyZÑm,f rygbJ rdrdbmom
ouFef;0wf\? &[ef;0g a&wGufjcif; uHBuD; uHi,fwdkYü yg0ifjcif;
ponfuv kd nf; jyK\? xdo k o
l nf toGiEf iS hf aygif;azmfjcif; ESpyf g;pHu
k kd
cdk;jcif;aMumifh Ob,axeu rnf\/
(aqmif) vd*Fç oH0go? Ob,? oHk;0 axeum/ udk,fwdkifouFef;? 0wf-
qifjref;í? &[ef;toGi?f cd;k wHv
k Qi?f olyif vd*o F m/ omraP-
yif? &[ef;0efcH? aygif;azmfjyef? qdk&ef oH0gom/ ESpfyg;pHk cdk;?
xdkolrsKd;? ac:½kd; Ob,m/
&SifomraPrsm; owdxm;zG,f
omraPppfppf jzpfNyD;aom olonf vlxGufvdkí("mwfyHk ponf
½kdufvdkí) twGif;ü ouFef;cHxm;onfjzpfapç cHrxm;onfjzpfap
vlw\ Ydk t0wftxnfudk vlw0Ykd wfaomenf;jzifh 0wfí ig\ vlUtoGi-f
onf wifw h ,favoavmç rwifw h ,favoavm[k pHpk rf;½kH pHpk rf;tH?h
vd*aF xeu rjzpfao;? ig\ vlUtoGio f nf wifwh ,f\[k vltjzpfukd
oabmusauseyfNyD;rS wpfzef omraP0wfenf;twdkif; ouFef;ukd
jyef0wft?hH vd*aF xeu jzpf\/ ,ckacwf vl0wfjzifh "mwfy½kH u
dk Mf uaom
omraPwdkY txl;owdxm;oifhonf/
vd*Faxeu aemufwpfenf;
omraPjzpfNyD;olonf ouFef;udk jyef0wfOD;rnf[k ouFef;ü
iJu
h uG jf cif;&So
d nf jzpfí ouFe;f udk cRwyf ,fum wjcm;t0wfukd 0wfí
jzpfap r0wfbjJ zpfap arxkerf 0SD NJ y;D aemuf rdrbd mom ouFe;f jyef0wft?Hh
ouFef;ü iJhuGufjcif; &Sdonfjzpfí q&mOyZÑm,f&[ef;onf ay;tyf-
aomtoGifudk rpGefYaomaMumifh vd*Faxeu rjzpf? vdifusonf/
oDvjyef,l OyZÑ,fjyef,l &SifomraPjzpfEkdif\/ ouFef;ü iJhuGufjcif;
r&Sbd J arxkerf 0SD NJ y;D aemuf ,ciftwdik ;f rdrb
d mom ouFe;f jyef0wfu
vd*Faxeu jzpf\/ &Siftjzpf aecGifhr&? &[ef;cHcGifh r&awmh/
&[ef;usKd;xuf &SifusKd;cuf
vd*aF xeu (= vdicf ;kd ol)tm; aemifomraPjzpfciG hf r&awmhay/
&Sifyg&mZdu[k ac:onf/ &[ef;rsm; yg&mZduusvQif udk&ifBuD;b0
&SifomraP tjzpfaevQif aecGifh&ao;\/ &SifomraPvd*Faxeu
jzpfu &Sio f mraPtjzpfyif aecGirhf &awmhacs/ xdaYk Mumifh a&S;q&mwdYk
onf ]]&[ef;usKd;xuf &SifusKd;cufonf}}[k rdefYqdkawmfrlMuonf/
&SifomraPwdkY txl;owdxm;oifhaom tcsufjzpf\/
ax,soH0gouESifh wdwd¬,yuúEÅu txl;
omoem0efxrf; &[ef;jzpfygvsuf wdwd¬wdkY\ t,l0g'udk ESpf-
oufí wdwa¬d bmif (wdwt
¬d jzpf)odYk ajymif;a&TUum wdww
¬d \
Ykd t0wfukd
0wfaeolç wdwd¬wdkY\ t0wfudk r0wfbJaeoludk wdwd¬,yuúEÅu[k
ac:onf/
ax,so0H gouonf vlEiS hf omraPrsm;üom jzpfciG &hf \ dS ? wdw-¬d
,yuúEÅum; &[ef;rsm;üom jzpfcGifh&Sdonf/ þodkY txl;udk odyg/
wd& pämefESifh pyfí a&SUü a&;cJhNyD;? tyg,fav;yg;ü jyefMunfhyg/
þü &[ef;rcHz&Ykd ef y,f&mS ;xm;aom vla,mifaqmifwwfaom e*g;ç
*VKefç ewfç odMum;wdkYudkyg wd& pämeft& ,lyg/
oHCab'u A[kokw
oHCmoif;uGJatmifjyKonfqdk&mwGif odrfwpfckwnf;ü (*grodrf
owåAÇ E&Å odrf O'ukau©yodr)f wpfcck k twGi;f ü &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;
tcsi;f csi;f twlwuG uHrjyKbJ Oykoyf 0g&Pm ponf rjyKbJ olUbuf
ighbuf ESpfbufcGJí wpfNydKifeuf uHjyKatmif tm;xkwfpDrHí tx-
ajrmufvQif xdkuJhodkY uGJjym;atmif pDrHaom yk*¾dKvfrSm oHCab'uuH
xdkuf\/
bdu©Kyg&mZdu (4) yg;om a[mjcif;
bdu©KeDyg&mZdu (5)yg;onf &[ef;rdef;rrsm;ESifhom qufqHí
bdu©eDygwdarmufü zGifhqdkvwHåU jzpfonf/ tbAÁyk*d¾Kvf (11)a,muf-
wdo
Yk nf &[ef;jyKciG hf r&í omoemawmfrS qH;k ½I;H &aomaMumifh yg&mZdu
[k qd&k onf/ bduK© e'D o l uESihf aemufq;kH yg&mZdu (4)yg; (= tEkavmr
yg&mZdu 4-yg;)wduYk kd yxryg&mZduü oGi;f ,loifu h ek \
f / rmwkCmwu
paom okH;a,mufwdkYudk wwd,yg&mZduü oGif;,loifhukef\/ xdkodkY
,loifah omfvnf; uHBu, d mxl;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh toD;tjcm; ,l&-
onf/
yg&mZdu (4) yg; tus,f

yg&mZdu (4) yg;
1/ arxke = arxkefrDS0Jjcif;? 2/ t'dEém'ge = wpfrwfç wpfrwf-
txuf wefzdk;&Sdaom ypönf;udk cdk;,ljcif;? 3/ rEkó0d*¾[ = vlZmwf
jzpfaomowå0gudk owfjcif;? 4/ Owå&rd Ekó"r® = tvGejf rifjh rwfaom
psmefr*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;wdkYudk rodrjrifbJ vdrfnmí odjrif\[k

ajymjcif;[lí tusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;oifhonf/
yxryg&mZdu
arxke"r®odu©myk'f - Úwdåpwkw¬uHjzihf &[ef;tjzpfodkY a&muf-
NyD;aom yk*d¾Kvfonf odu©mrcsbJvsuf 0pör*f = usifBuD;vrf;aMumif;?
yóm0r*f = usifi,fvrf;aMumif;? rkcr*f = cHwGif;vrf;aMumif;[lí
r*faygufoHk;yg; tus,ftm;jzifh r*fayguf (30)wdkYwGif wpfckckaom
r*faygufü t0wfç opf&u G çf om;a&ç &mbmç cJyw k f pojzifh yg;vSyaf om
tjym;wdjYk zifh zH;k vTr;f &pfywf oGi;f cHxm;onfrv l nf;jzpfapç rxm;onf-
rlvnf;jzpfapç yuwdav rxdtyf pdpk zkd wfzwf vwfqwfaom t&yfü
rdrdt*FgZmwfudk ESrf;wpfaphcefYrQ twGif;odkY a&mufatmif oGif;jcif;
olwpfyg;wdkYu twif;csKyfudkifoGif;ap&müvnf;aumif;? oGif;jcif;ç
oGi;f Ny;D jcif;ç wef&Y yfjcif;ç Ekwjf cif;wdw
Yk iG f wpfcck ük om,mth?H yg&mZdu-
tmywfoif\ h / omoemawmfrS qH;k ½I;H \/ &[ef;aumif;wdEYk iS hf twlwuG
uHBuD;uHi,fjyKí aygif;oif;cGifh r&awmhay/ aemufwpfBudrf (odkY)
tBudrfwpf&m ur®0gzwfaomfvnf; &[ef;rjzpfEkdifawmhacs/
t*Fg (2) yg; - 1/ y#daoa0,s = rSD0Jvdkaom pdwf&Sdjcif;? 2/ arxke-
"r® = ol\ r*ftwGi;f odYk ud,
k rhf *fukd oGi;f jcif;[lí t*Fg (2)yg; jzpf\/
(aqmif) rD0S v
J b
kd d pdwu d suf1 ol\r*fwiG ;f ud,
f ;l &Sv k rhf *foiG ;f [k2 aMumif;
&if; ESpfvDç t*FgnDç usNyD yg&mZduf/
rlvynwf
a,m ye bdu©K arxkeH "r®H y#daoa0,s? yg&mZdaum a[mwd
toH0gaom/ þum; rlvynwfawmf jzpfonf/ a0omvDjynfom;
umvEýkwå t&Sifok'dEérax&fudk taMumif;jyKí ynwfawmfrlonf/
yxrtEkynwf
tEÅraom wd& päme*wm,yd? þum; yxrtBudrf xyfrHí
wdk;um ynwfawmfrlaom tEkynwf jzpfonf/ a0omvDjynf r[m-
0keaf wmü aeaom awmae&[ef;Bu;D wpfyg;udk taMumif;jyKí ynwf-
awmfrlonf/
'kwd,xyfqifh tEkynwf
bduL© eH odum© omZD0ormyaEém oduH© typöum© , 'kAv Á sH tem-
0duwGm/ þodYk 'kw, d xyfqifí
h tEkynwf xnfo h iG ;f ynwf awmfr-l
onf/ 0ZDwÆ ikd ;f om; &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; taMumif;jyKí ynwfawmfr-l
onf/ þodkYvQif oHk;BudrfoHk;cg ynwfNyD;aomtcg ,ck ygwdarmuf
odu©myk'f tjynfhtpkHkjzpfvmonf/
odu©myk'f tjynfhtpHk
a,m ye bdu©K bdu©LeH odu©momZD0ormyaEém odu©H typö-
u©m, 'kAÁvsH tem0duwGm arxkeH "r®H y#daoa0,s/ tEÅraom
wd&päme*wm,yd? yg&mZdaum a[mwd toH0gaom/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siof nf 0denf;pnf;urf; Oya'yk'w
f u
Ykd kd BuKd wifa&;qGJ
Oya'ynwfxm;onf r[kwb f J taMumif;ay:vmaomtcgrSomvQif
odum© yk'yf nwfawmfral Mumif; odomap&ef txufygtwdik ;f cJjG cm;í
tusOf;csKyfrQ wifjytyfygonf/ tus,fodvdkaomf yg&mZduPfygVd-
awmfoYkd Munf½h MI u&ef odaptyfygonf/ t"dymÜ ,frsm;udk aemuftcef;-
rSm xyfrHzGifhqdka&;om;rnf jzpfygonf/
'kw,
d yg&mZdu
t'dEmé 'geodum© yykk ' f - Opöm&Sio
f nf ud,
k Ef w
I w
f jYkd zifh ray;bJvsuf
vlZmwf&Sdaomol ydkifqdkifaom olwpfyg;\ eDvu[myPac: aiG
wpfusyf\ av;zkdYwpfzkdY wpfrwfudkjzpfapç ¤if;wpfrwfESifh nDwlnDrQ

xdu
k w f efaom 0w¬Kujkd zpfap cd;k vdak om pdwjf zifh rcd;k ,l&? cd;k jcif; (25)yg;-
wdw
Yk iG f wpfyg;yg;aom cd;k enf;jzifh cd;k ,lvQif t'dEmé 'ge yg&mZdutmywf
oif\h / &[ef;aumif;wdEYk iS hf twlwuG aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&awmhacs/
t*Fg (5) yg; - 1/ t'dEéH = vlZmwf&Sdaomol\ olwpfyg;ydkifonfh
Opömjzpfjcif;? 2/ olUOpömrSef; odjcif;? 3/ ax,socFgwH = cdk;vdkaom-
pdwf &Sdjcif;? 4/ tm'da,,s = cdk;,ljcif;? 5/ ,xm½lay wxm½lyH =
*½ky&du©&mac: eDvu[myP\ a&Tpif wpfrwfwefrS pí txuf
ypönf;jzpfjcif; aygif; (5)yg; jzpf\/
(aqmif) vlZmwf&Sdjim; olwpfyg;\ ydkifxm;Opöm1ç olUOpöm[kç odrSwfrI-
ESihf2 *½ky&du3f ax,spw f iG ;f 4 cd;k ,ljcif;[k5 aMumif;&if;ig;vDç
d o
t*FgnDç usNyD yg&mZduf/
'kwd,yg&mZduodu©myk'fü tEkynwfrSm ]*grm 0g t&nm 0g}
jzpfygonf/ tEkynwf (3)rsKd;wdkYwGif tmywdåOyxrÇu tEkynwf
jzpfonf/ cdk;&mt&yf rvpfvyfapjcif;iSm rlvynwfudk ydkNyD;axmufyhH
cdkifjrJapaom tEkynwf jzpf\/
tEkynwf (3) rsKd;
1/ tmywduå & tEkynwf = ]wd&päme*wm,yd} ynwfuo hJ Ykd tmywf-
xyfrHoifhEdkifaom tEkynwfjzpfonf/
2/ temywdu å & tEkynwf = ]tnMw t"drmem} ynwfuo hJ Ykd vGeu
f -J
aom t"drme&Sdol tmywfroifh[k tmywfroifhjcif;udk jyKwwf-
aom tEkynwfjzpfonf/
3/ tmywdåOyxrÇu tEkynwf = ]*grm 0g t&nm 0g} uJhodkY rlv
ynwfxm;NyD; tmywfudk ydkNyD; cdkifjrJapaom tEkynwf jzpfonf/
wwd,yg&mZdu
rEkó0d*¾[odu©myk'f - y#doaE¨wnfaejcif;ukd t&if;tpjyKí
vlZmwf&Sdaomolukd aoapvkdaom pdwfjzifh ukd,fwkdifowfí jzpfap?
olwpfyg;ukd apckid ;f í jzpfap? xko
d l aoaomfvnf;aumif;ç aojcif;ukd
aqmufwnfapjcif;iSm "m;vufeufukd xkdol\ teD;ü xm;í xkd"m;
vufeufjzifh xkdol aoaomfvnfaumif;ç xkdoltm; aocsifpdwf jzpf-
vmatmif ]]tk.d ..toif? oifü ,kwrf maom raumif;aom touf-
&Sifaejcif;jzifh tb,ftusKd;&SdtHhenf;? oifü touf&Sifaejcif;xuf
aojcif;u jrwf\}} ponfjzifh aojcif\ *kPaf us;Zl;ukd cs;D rGr;f ajymqkí
d
xkdajymqkdrIaMumifh xkdol aoaomfvnfaumif; rEkó0d*¾[yg&mZdu
tmywfoif\ h / &[ef;aumif;wkUd ESihf twlwuG aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&-
awmhacs/
1/ oÍödpö rEkó0d*¾[H ZD0dwm a0ga&may,s/ vlZmwf&Sdaomoludk
aoapvdkaompdwfjzifh udk,fwdkifjzpfapç cdkif;íjzpfap owfjcif;?
2/ ow¬[m&uH 0gó y&dao,s = aocsifaeol tvG,fwul ao&-
atmif "m;vufeuf&Smí teD;ü ydkYxm;jcif;?
3/ r&P0PÖH 0g oH0aPÖ,s = ao&jcif;\ tusKd;&SdyHkudk xif&Sm;jyí
csD;rGrf;jcif;?
4/ r&Pm, 0g orm'ay,s = aozdkY&m enf;vrf;jy jyKvkyfoifjy
ay;jcif;? þav;enf;wdkYwGif wpfenf;enf;jzifh aooGm;atmif jyK-
vkyfcJhaomf rEkó0d*¾[yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/ &[ef;aumif;-
wdkYESifh twlwuG aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&awmhacs/
t*Fg (5) yg;
1/ rEkó0d*¾[H = vlom;Zmwf &Sdjcif;? 2/ oÍdöpöü ]oH}o'´gjzifh
owå0g[k trSwf&Sdjcif;? 3/ ]pdpö}o'´gjzifh owfvdkaom pdwf&Sdjcif;? 4/
ZD0dwm a0ga&may,sjzifh vHkYvjyKjcif;? 5/ aoqHk;jcif;[lí þodkYt*Fg

(5)yg;udk jyonf/
(aqmif) vlZmwfvnf;&Sd1 owå0g[k odí2 owfrnfvdkvm; pdwf-
pufxm;jzifh3 tm;yg;pdkufvQif;4 pkawjcif;[k5 aMumif;&if;
ig;vD t*FgnD? usNyD yg&mZduf/
pwkw¬yg&mZdu
Owå&rd Ekó"r®ou d m© yk'f - tMuif&[ef;onf rodrjrifbJ udav-
omudk zsuq f ;D jcif;iSm pGr;f Ekid af om jrwfaom ÓPftjrif[k qdt k yfaom
vlwdkY\ ukodkvfur®yxw&m; q,fyg;xuf vGefjrwfaom psmef r*f
zdv
k f edAmÁ efw&m;udk rdrx d o H Ykd aqmifuyfí vlZmwf&adS om oltm; þodYk
igod\? þodYk igjrif\[k ajymMum;jim;tH?h xdo k aYkd jymMum;Ny;D aomtcgü
(olwpfyg;wdkYu) ar;pdppfonfjzpfapç rar;tyfonfjzpfap tmywf-
oifah &mufNy;D í pifMu,fjcif;udk tvd&k &dS um; ]]igh&iS w f Ykd þodYk igrodbJ
od\[k qdrk Nd y?D rjrifbJ jrif\[k qdrk Nd y?D tcsn;f ES;D rSm;,Gi;f aom pum;-
udk ajymrdNyD}}[k ajymqdkjim;tHh? ]w&m;&NyD}[k txifBuD;rIudk MuOfí
ajymMum;aom pum;udk xdck PtwGi;f tajymcH&ol xdo k l odem;vnf-
vQif Owå&drEkó"r®yg&mZdutmywfoifh\/ &[ef;aumif;wdkYESifh
twlwuG aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&awmhacs/
t*Fg (5) yg; - 1/ ]tebdZmeH Owå&drEkó"r®H}jzifh Owå&drEkó"r®\
rdrdü r&&Sdjcif;? 2/ ]tnMw t"drmem}jzifh ,kwfrmaom (0g) <um;0g-
vdkaompdwfjzifh ajymjcif;? 3/ ]twåKyem,duH}jzifh olwpfyg;udkuJhodkY
ñTefjyaomt&m r[kwfjcif;? 4/ ]ork'gpa&,s}jzifh em;axmifolu
vlom;pifppf jzpfjcif;? 5/ ajymNy;D onfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf þud,
k af wmfonf
psmef& odkYr[kwf t&d,myk*d¾Kvf[k em;axmifolu odjcif;? þt*Fg
(5)yg;ESifh nDñGwfvQif yg&mZdu us\/
(aqmif) psmefr*fzdkvf Owå&d&,fu? rdrdü r&SdrSe1f ? ygydpäm pdwf0g<um;ESifh
ajymrSm;rd[ef2 ? olwpfyg; rñTejf yef3 ? emcHol vlom;4 ? ajymcsi;f -
yif tjrefodvQifv5 tifig;wef trSef&SdwmaMumifh pwkw¬m
yg&mZdi,f us\rrSm;/
yg&mZdu (4) yg; t"dyÜm,f rSwfom;zG,frsm;

yxryg&mZdu arxke"r®odu©myk'f
oDvç t"doDvç odu©mç omZD0wdkY od&ef --
1/ oDv = vlwdkY apmifhxdef;&aom ig;yg; &Spfyg; q,fyg; tmZD0|ru
paom oDvudk oDv[k ac:onf/
2/ t"doDv = &[ef;awmfwdkY apmifhxdef;usifhoHk;&aom ygwdarmu©-
oH0&oDvac: uka#udk;axmifausmf odu©myk'foDvudk ydkvGefí
usifh&aomaMumifh t"doDv[k ac:onf/
3/ odu©m = xdkt"doDvudkyif odu©m[kvnf; ac:\/
4/ omZD0 = jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfrtl yfaom odum© yk't
f aygif;-
udk omZD0[k ac:onf/
odu©mwift*Fg (5) yg;ESifh odu©mcst*Fg (6) yg;
]odum© wif yÍö*?F odum© cs qV*Fg}[k qdo k nfth wdik ;f &[ef;awmf-
rsm; odu©mwifaomtcg &[ef;tjzpf cH,laomtcg t*Fg (5)yg;ESifh
jynfph rHk o
S mvQif &[ef;tjzpfukd &&SEd ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ &[ef;abmifü raysm-f
ydkufawmhí vlxGufaomtcgüvnf; vl0wfvJ½kHrQjzifh odu©mrus?
vlrjzpfEdkifao;yg/ odu©mcsaom t*Fg (6)yg;ESifh jynfhpkHatmif odu©m
csNyD;rS vljzpfavonf/
odu©mwif t*Fg (5) yg;

1/ 0w¬KorÜwdå = &[ef;avmif;0w¬K\ jynfhpHkjcif;?
2/ ÚwdåorÜwdå = a'gotjypfvGwfaom Úwf\ jynfhpHkjcif;?
3/ oDrmorÜwdå = &[ef;cHaom odrf\ jynfhpHkjcif;?
4/ ur®0gpmorÜwdå = tjypfvGwfaom ur®0gpm\ jynfhpHkjcif;?
5/ y&domorÜwdå = odrf0if&[ef;y&dowf\ jynfhpHkjcif;[k t*Fg
(5)yg;jynfhpHkrS &[ef; jzpfonf/
(aqmif) 0wfç Úwfç odrfç urffç y&doH? ig;wef orÜwdå/
1/ 0w¬KorÜwdå
&[ef;rjzpfxdkufol &[ef;rcHaumif;ol (13)a,mufwdkYudk z,f-
xm;í y#doaE¨rS pum toufESpfq,f wif;wif;jynfhNyD;aom a&S;u
yg&mZdu ruszl;ao;aom &[ef;avmif;[laom 0w¬K jynhfpkH&rnf/
(aqmif) toufrjynfh? yg&mZdu? tbAÁ? aw& yk*¾vm/
2/ ÚwdåorÜwdå
Úwfa'gotjypf (5)yg; vGwaf tmif Úwfxm;í ur®0gzwfvQif
ÚwfESifh jynfhpHk\/ Úwfa'go (5)yg;rSm - (1) 0w¬Kudk roHk;oyfjcif;?
(2) oHCmudk roHk;oyfjcif;? (3) yk*d¾Kvfudk roHk;oyfjcif;? (4) Úwfukd
rxnfoh iG ;f jcif;? (5)ur®0gpmukd a&SUxm; Úwfudk aemufxm;í zwfjcif;-
[k þ (5)yg; rrSeu f ef vGaJ csmaf evQif Úwdo
å rÜwåd rjzpf/ jynfph rkH eS u
f efrS
ÚwdåorÜwdå jzpfavonf/
(aqmif) 0w¬Kç oHCç yk*v
¾ ç Úwf? roH;k oyfb?J w&yf aemufzsm;? Úwfukd
xm;? ig;yg; Úwfa'go/
3/ oDrmorÜwdå
odrfysuf (11)vHk;\ vu©PmwdkYrS vGwfaom odrfç 0denf;pnf;-
urf;Oya'ESit hf nD rSeuf efwu d spmG orkwo f wfrw
S x
f m;aom odr[ f í l
odrf (2)rsK;d &S\
d / xdok rd f (2)rsK;d jzpfjcif;onfomvQif odr\
f jynfph jkH cif;
t*Fg jzpfonf/
odrfysuf (11) vHk;
1/ oHk;,lZemxuf us,faom tvGefBuD;aom odrf?
2/ ESpfusdyfwpfyg; uHrjyKEkdif tvGefi,faom odrf?
3/ edrdwfusKd;ysufaom odrf?
4/ t&dyfudk edrdwfvkyfí orkwftyfaom odrf?
5/ edrdwf&SpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd; r&Sdaom odrf?
6/ odrf\ jyifyrSaeí orkwftyfaom odrf?
7/ Zmwó&tdik üf orkwt f yfaom odr?f (tvdak vsmuf jzpfaeaom
tdkifudk Zmwó&tdkif[k ac:onf/)
8/ ork'´&mü orkwftyfaom odrf?
9/ rdk;av;v a&pD;aom jrpfacsmif;ü orkwftyfaom odrf? a&odrf?
(rorkwf&bJ odrfjzpfaeí orkwfaomtcg odrfysufjzpf&onf)
10/ edrdwfcsif; xdpyfqufpyf orkwftyfaom odrf?
11/ uHjyKavmufatmif yxrodrfa[mif;ay:u xyfvTrf;í orkwf-
tyfaomodrf[k odrfysuf (11)vHk; jzpf\?
(aqmif) BuD;ç i,fç usKd;ç &dyfç tedrdwf? A[d'fwnforkwf/
tdkifç ork'fç jrpf? pyfçvTrf;vpf? q,fhwpf odrfysufxkwf/
odrf (2) rsKd;

odrfonf ur®0gpmjzifh orkwftyfaom A'ödrf? ur®0gpmjzifh
rorkwfbJ tvdkvdk odrfjzpfaeaom tA'ödr[
f k (2)rsKd; &Sdonf/
A'ödrf (3) rsKd;
1/ c@odrf - *gre,fajrwpfck twGif;ü ajrwpfuGuf wpfae&mudk
ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf cGJjcm;í 0doHk*gr odrfrdefYcHum orkwftyfaom
odrfudk c@odrf[k ac:onf/ odrfrdefY rcHbJ e,fodrf;í orkwf-
onfvnf; &Sdonf/
2/ ormeoH0goodrf - ormeoH0gour®0gpm &Gwfzwfí orkwf-
tyfaomodrfudk ac:onf/
3/ t0dyÜ0goodrf - t0dyÜ0gour®0gpm &Gwfzwfí orkwftyfaom
odrfudk ac:onf/ xdkur®0gpm (2)rsKd;vHk; &Gwfzwfí orkwfxm;-
onfudk awGU&onf/
tA'ödrf (3) rsKd;
1/ *grodrf - aus;&GmolBu;D wpfyikd f tcGeaf umuf&aom e,fajrwpfcu k kd
*grodr[f k ac:onf/ tcGeaf umuf&ef tpd;k &rif;wdo Yk nf e,ferd w
d f
owfrSwfxm;Muonf/ NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;wdkYü &yfuGuftvdkuf ydkif;jcm;
owfrSwfxm;onfudkvnf; *grodrf[k ,lMuonf/ e*&odrf[k
,loifhonfxifonf/
2/ owåAÇEÅ&odrf - aeYcsif;jyef roGm;a&mufEkdifaom 0ÍÑmawmtkyfç
a&v,fuRe;f ponfwüYkd xuf0ef;usif tAÇE&Å (7)ck (= 196 awmif)
ajrt&yfonf owåAÇEÅ&odrf rnf\/
3/ O'ukau©yodrf - rdk;av;v a&rjywfatmif pD;qif;aom jrpfç
acsmif;twGi;f ü tm;tv,ftvwf&o dS l a,mufsm;wpfa,mufonf
vTí
J ypftyfaom a&wpfus oJwpfus ywfvnftwGi;f t&yfonf
O'ukau©yodrf (a&odrf) rnf\/ xdkodrf (3)vHk;wdkYonf ur®0gpm
&Gwfzwfí odrforkwf&ef rvdkbJ tvdktavsmufyif odrfjzpfonf/
4/ ur®0gpmorÜwåd
ur®0gpmtjypf (5)yg; vGwaf tmif ur®0gpmzwfEidk vf Qif ur®0gpm-
ESifh jynfhpHk\/ tjypf (5)yg;rSm 0w¬Kç oHCmç yk*¾dKvfudk roHk;oyfjcif;?
(0g) ur®0gpmü xnfhoGif;í rzwfjcif;? ur®0gpmtu©&mpmvHk;rsm;
cRwf,Gif; rSm;usefum ur®0gpm ,kwfavsmhaejcif;? tcgr[kwfonfü
ur®0gzwfjcif;[k ig;yg; jzpf\/
(aqmif) 0w¬K oHC yk*v
¾ oH;k 0 roH;k oyf? ur®0g,kw?f cgr[kwf &Gwx
f w
k f
jypfig;&yf/
5/ y&domorÜwåd
uHatmifz&Ykd m owfrw S x
f m;aom &[ef;ta&twGuf jynfph v kH m-
atmif odrtf wGi;f odYk pnf;a0;nDnm a&mufvm&jcif;? Oyrm - OyorÜ'
uHaqmif&mwGif rZdÑra'oü tenf;qHk; &[ef; (10)yg;? ypöEÅ&mZf
t&yfü tenf;qHk; &[ef; (5)yg;? tAÇmeuHponfü tenf;qHk; &[ef;
(20) pnf;a0;a&mufvm&\/ qEáy;xdu k o
f l qEáy;onfukd aqmif,l
avQmufxm;jcif;? rsufarSmufxif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;wdkYu ruefYuGuf
rwm;jrpfjcif;? þoH;k yg; rjynfph v
kH Qif y&dowfa'go jzpf\/ jynfph v kH Qif
y&dowforÜwåd jzpf\/
(aqmif) uHtm;avsmf? &[ef;awmf? vmaomf r&Sdjcif;/
rsufarSmufudkwm;? qEúm;? aqmifjim; r&Sdjcif;/
okH;yg; y&d? jypfuif;bd? y&d jynfhpHkjcif;/
þodkYvQif odu©mwif &[ef;cHaomtcg t*Fg (5)yg;ESifh jynfhpHk-
atmif tm;xkwfaqmif&Guf&avonf/
odu©mcs&mü t*Fg (6) yg;

pdwçf acwfç umvç ya,m*ç yk*v ¾ ç 0dZmee[k t*Fg (6)yg; &So d nf/
&[ef;tjzpfrS vlxGufvdkaomolonf þt*Fg (6)yg; jynfhpHkzkdY txl;
vdtk yfonf/ odum© rcsbJ vl0wfvx J m;aomolonf yg&mZdu odum© -
yk'af wG vGeu f sL;ygu yg&mZduusEidk af omaMumifh odum© csenf; (78)enf;
acwfyk'fawG&Sd&m okkH;enf; oHk;cgrQ odu©mcsay;EdkifvQif ydkaumif;onf/
1/ pdwf = wu,fudk vlxGufvdkaom pdwf&SdygrS odu©musonf/ vl-
xGuv f akd om pdwf r&Sb d çJ odum© csvadk ompdwf r&Sb d J &Gwq f o kd u
d m© cs-
ygu odu©mrus[k odyg/
2/ acwf = odum© csenf; jyqdx k m;aom ]Ak'Ḧ ypöu©mrd} paom ypöKyKÜ e-f
umv ]*d[w D d rH "ma&[d} paom(ypöKyKÜ eu f mv) ]]tvH ar Aka'ë}}
paom (temr|umv) wpfcck ak om acwfy'k u f kd &Gwq f Nkd y;D odum© -
cs&onf/ (78)yk'f &Sdonf/
3/ umv = ypöKyÜKefumva[m acwfyk'f (22)yk'f? temr|umv
(56)yk'?f yk'af ygif; (78)yk'jf zifh umvrSeaf tmifqí kd odum© cs &onf/
4/ ya,m* = EIw>f ruf&w G q f jkd cif;[laom 0pDya,m* - Ak'H¨ ypöum© rd
ponfjzifh qdkrS odu©musonf/ pma&;í jzpfap? vuf[efajc[ef
jyíjzpfap odu©mcsvQif rus/
5/ yk*¾v = odu©mcsol em;axmifol ESpfOD;pvHk; pdwfrESHU ½l;aeol
bDv;l zrf;pm;í pdwjf yefv Y iG ahf eol a&m*gjyif;pGm cHpm;ae&ol r[kwrf S
odu©musonf/
6/ 0dZmee = ]Ak'Ḧ ypöum© rd} paom odum© yk'f acwfy'k u f kd qdNk y;D onfEiS hf
wpfNydKifeuf em;axmifolu ]þol[m vlxGufNyD;aygh}[k odem;-
vnfrS odu©musonf/
(owd) odu©mrusbJ vl0wfvJaeaom &[ef;vlxGufonf tm-
ywfawG oifh\/ ukpm;í r&aumif;aom *½kutmywfBuD;rsm;
oifhvQif xyfrH &[ef;cHí r&awmhNyD/ owd&SdoifhMuonf/ oHCm'd-
aoof tmywfoifv h Qivf nf; aemif &[ef; jyef0wfvQif 0gofaqmuf-
wnfMu&rnf jzpfonf/
(aqmif) pdwfç acwfç umv? ya,m*ESifh? yk*¾vç 0dZm? þajcmufjzm?
odu©musaMumif;wnf;/
odum© cs&mwGif t*Fgwpfyg;jzpfaom acwfy'k rf sm; em;vnfxm;&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ odu©mcsEkdifaom acwfyk'f (78)yk'f &Sdonf/
acwfyk'f (78) yk'f
Ak'¨H ypöu©mrd paom (14) yk'f
Ak'¨H = jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk/ ypöu©mrd = pGefYyg\/ xkdYtwl - "r®H?
oHCH? 0de,H? ygwdarmu©H? Oa'óH? OyZÑm,H? tmp&d,H? o'd¨0d[m&duH?
taEÅ0godu?H ormEkyZÑm,uH? ormemp&d,uH (= wlaom q&m&So d )l -
udk/ ypöu©mrd = pGefYyg\[k ypöu©mrdESifh wGJí &Gwfqdk&aom yk'faygif;
(14)yk'f &Sdonf/
]rH "ma&[d} (8) yk'f
*d[w
D d = vl[íl / rH = bk&m;wynfah wmfu/kd "ma&[d = rSwaf wmf-
rlygbk&m;[k ]rH "ma&[d}ESifh wGJí qdk&aom yk'f (8)yk'f &Sdonf/ Oyg-
oaumwd? tm&mrdaumwd? omraPa&mwd? wdwd¬a,mwd? wdwd¬,-
om0aumwd? toraPmwd? tousykwdåa,mwd rH "ma&[d/
rH = bk&m; wynfah wmfu/kd tousyw k aåd ,mwd = omuD0ifrif;om;
bk&m;om;awmf r[kw[ f í
l / "ma&[d= rSwaf wmfryl gbk&m;/ ponfjzifh
teufay; tm½kHjyK qdk&onf/
ajrSmufyGm;ykH
(u) Ak'¨H ypöu©mrd paom 14-yk'f (ypöKyÜefumv)
( c ) *d[Dwd rH "ma&[d paom 8-yk'f (ypöKyÜefumv)
( * ) tvH ar Aka'ë? uð Ek ar Aka'ë? e rraw¬m Aka'ë?
okrkawåm[H Aka'ë? (temr|umv) (4)0gus&SdonfwGif -
(u)trSwfjy 14-yk'fESifh (c)trSwfjy 8-yk'f (14+8 =22) ypöKyÜKef
umvjzifh odu©mcsEkdifaom acwfyk'f 22-yk'f &Sdonf/ aemufwpfzef
(u)trSwjf y 14--yk'üf (*)trSwjf y 4-yk'f wGpJ yfajymif;vJí qdo
k mG ;vQif
(14_4 = 56) acwfyk'faygif; (56)yk'f&onf/ pkpkaygif; (22+56 =
78) acwfyk'faygif; (78)yk'f &Sdavonf/ teufay;yHkrSm -
ar = wynfhawmftm;/ Aka'ë = bk&m;jzifh/ tvH = rxdkufwefNyD/
ar = wynfhawmftm;/ Aka'ë = bk&m;jzifh/ uðEk = tb,ftusKd;&Sd-
tHhenf;/ rr = wynfhawmftm;/ Aka'ë = bk&m;jzifh/ e taw¬m =
tusKd; r&SdNyD/ t[H = wynfhawmfonf/ Aka'ë = bk&m;rS/ okrkawåm
= aumif;pGm vGwNf y/D þodYk ponfjzifh (u)trSwjf y (14)yk'v
f ;kH teuf
ay;wwfygap/
þodv Yk Qif (78)yk'f &So
d nfwiG f rdro
d abmusaom acwfy'k w
f pfy'k -f
jzifh odu©mcsEdkifonf/
odu©mcs&mü pOf;pm;zG,f
]]Ak'H¨ ypöum© rd = bk&m;udk pGeyYf g\}}[k &Gwq
f &kd mü Ak'b
¨ momppfppf
jzpfolonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh wu,fpGefYolhrsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifh
odu©musrnf rxifyg/ "r®H oHCH ponfwdkYüvnf; enf;wlyif ,lq-
oifhonf/ odu©musEdkifaMumif;om wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
aocsmaom odu©mcsenf;
cPacwå ouFef;0wfMu &[ef;cHMuaom 'kv’b&[ef;wdkYudk
jzpfapç tjrJ0wfrnf[k MuHpnfxm;aomfvnf; &[ef;abmifü aevdk-
aompdwf r&Sad om &[ef;udjk zpfap odum© csvykd gonf[k avQmufxm;-
vmygvQif vlxGufvdkaom pdwf wu,f&Sdçr&Sd ppfaq;NyD;vQif ]]om-
raPa&mwd rH "ma&[d = bk&m;wynfah wmfukd &Sio f mraP ud&k ifBu;D
[lí rSwaf wmfryl g}}[k (3)Burd f qdNk y;D í ]ud&k ifBu;D [k rSwx
f ifNyv
D m;}[k
ar;pdppfNyD;rS vl0wfvJapum 'kwd,tBudrf ]]*d[Dwd rH "ma&[d =
bk&m;wynfh awmfudk vl'g,um[lí rSwfawmfrlygbk&m;}}[k qdkap-
&rnf/ ]vl'g,um[k rSwfxifNyDvm;}[k ar;pdppfNyD;rS wwd,tBudrf
]]Oygoaumwd rH "ma&[d = bk&m;wynfhawmfudk &wemoHk;yg;tm;
qnf;uyfwwfaom Oygoum[lí rSwaf wmfryl g[kb&k m;}}[k qdak p&-
rnf/ xdaYk emuf OygoumoDv (ig;yg;oDv)udk tusO;f ay;vdu k ay;yg/
ray;vQiv f nf; odum© usNy[
D k ,lqEdik yf gonf/ (3)Burd f (3)qifh odum© -
csjcif; jzpfonf/ odu©mrusvQif tmywfawG oifhEkdifí txl;owd-
xm;apvdak omaMumifh ,ckuo hJ Ykd odum© csenf;udk wifjyjcif; jzpfygonf/
a,m ye bdu©K
]&[ef;}}[laom jrefrmpum;onf t&[EÅo'´grS &[ef;[k ac:-
vmonf/ ygVde,fwGif ]bdu©K} ]yAÁZÆdw} ]orP}[k oHk;EIef;xm;onf/
]]bdu©K = &[ef;}}[k qdk&mwGif ------
bdu©Lwd bdu©aumwd bdu©K? bdu©mp&d,H tZÑKy*awmwd bdu©K?
bdEyé #"a&mwd bduK© ? ornm, bduK© ? y#dnm, bduK© ? {[d bduL© wd
bdu©K? wD[d o&P*rae[d OyorÜaEémwd bdu©K? baj'm bdu©K?
oma&m bdu©K? aoacg bdu©K? taoacg bdu©K? ora*¾e oHaCe
Úwdåpwkaw¬e uar®e tukayÜe Xmem&a[e OyorÜaEémwd bdu©K?
wMw ,Gm,H bduK© ora*¾e oHaCe Úwdpå wkaw¬e uar®e tukayÜe

Xmem&a[e OyorÜaEém? t,H £roð® taw¬ t"dayÜawm bdu©Lwd/
(yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?28/)
]&[ef;}[k ac:qkd&jcif; (12) yg;

&[ef;[lonf ---
1/ (t&d,molawmfaumif;wd\ Yk awmif;jcif;jzif)h awmif;wwfaom-
aMumifh &[ef;?
2/ qGrf;cHjcif;tusifhodkY uyfa&mufwwfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
3/ qkwjf zwfujJG ywfNy;D aom t0wfukd 0wf½w Hk wfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
4/ &[ef;[k orkwfjcif;aMumifh &[ef;?
5/ &[ef;[k 0efcHjcif;aMumifh &[ef;?
6/ ]]{[d bduK© }} (= &[ef;vmavmh)[laom bk&m;&Si\ f pum;awmfjzifh
jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
7/ o&P*kHoHk;yg;wdkYjzifh yÍöif;jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
8/ aumif;aom (oDvponfESifh jynfhpHkaom)aMumifh &[ef;?
9/ (oDvpaom) tESpfom& &SdaomaMumifh &[ef;?
10/ (odu©m)udk usifhqJ jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
11/ (odu©m)udk usifhNyD ;jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef;?
12/ nDñGwfaom oHCmonf (odrfxJü) odapjcif; ]Úwf}vQif av;-
Burd af jrmufaom uHjzifh rysurf uGuf jrwfpmG bk&m; tqH;k trtm;
xduk w f efpmG yÍöi;f jzpftyfaomaMumifh &[ef;rnf\/ xdk (12)rsK;d -
aom &[ef;wdw Yk iG f aemufq;kH (12)eHygwfukd þ (yg&mZdu)t&mü
&[ef;[lí tvdk&Sdtyf\/
]&[ef;}[k ac:wGifvmykH
jrefrmjynffü yk*Hjynf taemf&xmrif;vufxufwGif ok0PÖblrd
oxHjk ynfrS<uvmaom t&Sit f &[Hukd tpjyKí aemufaemif omoem-
abmifokdY 0ifa&mufvmaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ]]t&[H = &[H = &[ef;}}[k
tqifhqifh toHajymif;um ac:vmcJhMuonf/ t&Sift&[Hudkvnf;
t&[EÅyk'fudk pJGí t&[H[k ac:wGifvm[ef wlonf/
(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum?325/)
]OK;yÍöif;} ac:wGifykH
þ&[ef;awmfrsm;udk ]OyorÜEéyk'f}odkY vdkufí oD[dkVfü ]Oyorf}
(oD[dkVfoHjzifh Oyprf;)[k ac:\/ xdkOyprf;ukd vdkufí jrefrmwdkYu
Oypif;[k ac:cJh&m umvMumojzifh OD;ypif; = OD;yÍöif;[k ac:a0:-
a&;om;Muonf/ (ygwdarmufbmom#Dum?325/)
ud&k ifç OD;Zif;ç bke;f Bu;D ç q&mawmf[al om jrefrmtoH;k tEIe;f rsm;-
udkvnf; pOf;pm;MuHpnfMuygav/
arxkeü ]arxkef} ac:ykHESifh arxke0w¬K (5) rsKd;
rdxkemeH t,H arxkaem/ rdxkemeH = tcsif;csif;wdkY\/ t,H =
Opömwnf;ç udpöwnf;/ arxkaem = tcsif;csif;wdkY\ Opöm/
xdkudpöudk jyK&mü rsm;aomtm;jzifh rdef;r a,mufsm;ESpfOD;vHk;yif
&m*x<urIjcif; wlMu\/ twlwEl iS hf tElEl jzpfMuol ESpOf ;D wd\
Yk udpu
ö kd
arxkef[k ac:onf/
vlrsK;d ç ewfrsK;d ç bDv;l rsK;d ç Nyw
d må rsK;d ç wd& pämefrsK;d [k arxkerf aI jrmuf-
xdkufaom arxke0w¬K (5)rsKd; jzpf\/
yk*d¾Kvftjym; (12) yg;ESifh r*fvrf;aMumif; (3) yg;

trç txD;ç ObawmAsnf;ç y@Kuf[k yk*d¾Kvf (4)rsKd;wGif vlç
ewfç wd& pämef[k (3)rsK;d pDjym;&um; yk*K¾d vf (12)a,muf jzpf\/ bDv;l ESihf
NydwåmwdkYudk ewfü oGif;,lyg/
1/ usiBf u;D vrf;aMumif;ayguf? 2/ usiif ,fvrf;aMumif;ayguf? 3/
cHwGif;vrf;aMumif;ayguf[lí r*fvrf;aMumif; (3)yg; &Sd\/
yg&mZduusaMumif; r*f (30)
vlrç ewfrç wd& pämefr oHk;a,mufü 0pör*fç yóm0r*fç rkcr*f
(3)ckpD&Sdí (9)r*f jzpf\/ ObawmAsnf; (3) a,mufüvnf; xdkYtwl
(9)r*f jzpf\/ vlx;D ç ewfx;D ç wd& pämefx;D wdüYk 0pör*fEiS hf rkcr*f (2)ckpD
&í (6)r*f &\/ y@Kuf (3)a,mufwdkYüvnf; xdkYtwl (6)r*f &\/
(9+9+6+6)jzpfí aygif;aomf r*f (30) jzpf\/
(aqmif) vl ewf pämefr? oHk;r*f&? aygif;u (9)r*fjzpf/ ObawmAsnf;?
oHk;a,mufvnf;? xdkenf; udk;r*fjzpf/ xD;? yPf oHk;pD? r*fESpfvD?
ajr§mufonf q,fhESpfjzpf/ udk; udk; q,fhESpf? aygif;wHkvpf? r*f-
aygif; oHk;q,fjzpf/
tmywfydkif;jcm;yHk
azmfjyyg r*fo;kH q,fü - aoí t*FgZmwfxuf0ufxd acG; rpm;&-
ao;aom taoaumifü rD0S v J Qiyf if yg&mZdu us\/ touf&iS pf Ofü-
um; yg&mZdu usEdkifawmhonfom/ xuf0ufç xuf0ufausmfausmf
acG;pm;xm;aom taoaumifü rSD0JvQif xkv’pöOf;tmywfoifh\/
tvH;k pHk ykyí
f ysupf ;D aeaom t*FgZmwfae&mü jzpfapç t½d;k pkü jzpfap
rSD0JvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
(aqmif) xuf0ufrysuf? pyf,Sufyg&m? xuf0ufysufu? xkv’pö,m/
vHk;pHkykyfyG? jzpfxaumifrSm? rSD0Jvwf? 'kuú#ftmywfom/
rde;f r\ aygifMum; vufuwD;Mum; vufacsmif;Mum; csuf 0rf;jyif
em;ayguf qHxHk;wdkYü rSD0JvQif oHCm'daoof tmywfoifh\/ vl-
a,mufsm;wd\ Yk touf&iS q f J ud,
k üf rsuv
f ;Hk ayguf em;ayguf ESmacgif;-
aygufwüYkd rS0D vJ Qif xkvp’ Oö ;f tmywf? aygifMum; vufuwD;Mum; ponf
wdkYü rSD0JvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ (bmom#Dum? 433/)
rdrrd *ftwGi;f odYk olwpfyg;u twif;tMuyf rS0D v J mvQif om,m-
rdu yg&mZdutmywfoif\ h / tdyaf ysmaf eí rodvu
kd o
f çl ½l;aeolç pdw-f
ysHUvGifhaeolç a0'emtESdyfpufcHae&olü temywåd tmywfroifh/
'kwd,yg&mZdu t"dyÜm,frsm;
eDvu[myP rdóuu[myP = aiGpifwpfusyf\ av;zkdY
wpfzu Ydk kd wpfrwf[k qd&k onf/ xdak &S;a[mif; aiGpifwpfrwfum; a&Tig;-
yJ? aiGig;yJ? aMu;eDq,fyw J Ykd aygif;pyfíxm;aom yJEpS q
f ,f&dS eDvu[m-
yP\ av;ykw H pfyjkH zpfaom wpfrwfac: ig;yJom;wnf;/ acwftvdu k f
a&T aiG aygufaps;ESifh wGufí&aom aiG\ wefzdk;udk odyg/ a&TwpfyJ
wpfa&G;ç aiGwpfyJ wpfa&G;ç aMu;eDEpS yf J ESpaf &G;aygif;aomf (av;a&G;Bu;D
wpfyJ jzpfaomaMumifh) ig;yJwpfrwf\ wefzdk;udk cefYrSef;í odygav/
tmywftqifhtqifh cGJjcm;ykH
qdkcJhaom wpfrwfwefESifh txufypönf;rsm; cdk;vQif yg&mZdu?
wpfrwfwefatmuf wpfyJweftxuf cdk;vQif xkv’pöOf;? wpfyJwef-
atmuf cdk;,lvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
ae&majymif;a&TUjcif;aMumifh tmywfoifhEdkifykH
wpfrwfweftxuf olwpfyg;ydik 0f w¬Kypön;f udk cd;k vdak om pdwjf zifh
oH;k oyf xd½x
Hk v
d Qif 'ku#ú ?f vIyo
f mG ;vQif xkvp’ Oö ;f ? ae&mu a&GUoGm;vQif
yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/ þae&mü olwpfyg;u c&D;MuHKí ay;vdkuf-
aom a&TçaiGypönf;rsm; o,faqmifoGm;&mwGif cdk;vdkaompdwf rjzpf-
atmif xdef;odrf;&ef cJ,Of;vS\/ aqmif,loGm;pOf cdk;vdkaom pdwf
jzpfygu txufygtwdik ;f tmywftqihq f ifo
h ifu h m yg&mZdu usEikd -f
onfudk txl; owdjyKyg/
rdbypönf;yifjzpfap owdjyK&ef
'kwd,yg&mZduonf tvGef odrfarGUvS\/ rdbypönf;yif jzpf-
apumrl cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh udkifwG,foHk;oyfjcif; rjyK&m/ a>rqdk;weJ
rD;cJyrm owdjyKí a&SmifMuOf&m\/ ausmhuGif;ü rdaeaom orifESifh
jrKH§ ;ü rdaeaom ig;wduYk kd cd;k vdak om pdwjf zihf jzKwv
f w
T v
f u
kd t
f ?hH yg&mZdu-
txd tqifq h ifh tmywfoifEh idk o f nf/ oem;aom pdwjf zifh jzKwv f w
T t
f ?Hh
tmywfroifh/ pdwfxm;onf ta&;BuD;vSonf/
rdrud ,
kd w
f ikd f oGm;&if; vm&if; ausmu
h iG ;f ü rdaeaomf jzKwrf oGm;-
aumif;? Opöm&Sif jzKwfay;rS oGm;aumif;aMumif; bkef;awmfBuD;OD;oDv
om"ujzifh odyg/ wjcm;olu vma&muf jzKwaf y;onfukd vufrcHcyhJ g/
Opöm&Sif vmjzKwaf y;rS vufcaH wmfr\ l / b@mpm;xdu k rf nf pk;d &GUH aom-
aMumifh ukd,fwkdif rjzKwfjcif; jzpfonf/
]ax,socFgw} = cdk;vkdaom pdwf
pdw½f ;dk pdwaf umif;jzifh ,ljcif;rsK;d r[kwb
f J cd;k í wdu
k cf u
kd v
f ,k ufí
nmjzef;vSnfhywfí w&m;awGUí cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh &xm;ç oabFmç
um; ponfwüYkd usEeI ;f twdik ;f ray;&atmif wdr;f a&Smifyek ;f 0Suv f akd om
pdwf[lorQudk ax,socFgw[k rSwfyg/ tuRrf;0if cifrifí &if;EDS;í
,ljcif; acwåcP iSm;&rf;vdkí ,ljcif;rsm;wdkYudk tmywf roifhaMumif;
jyvdkí ax,socFgwH[k jyqdkxm;onf/
(aqmif) wm0umvdç 0dómoduç ,ljcif;rQuçkd wm;jrpfvçdk rdeq
Yf kd ax,s-
ocFgw/
cdk;jcif; (25) yg;
ememb@yÍöu? {ub@yÍöu? om[w¬u d yÍöu? ykAyÁ a,m*-
yÍöu? ax,sm0[m&yÍöu? þyÍöu ig;ckaygif;aomf (5_5=25) cd;k jcif;
(25)yg; &Sdonf[k tusOf;tm;jzifh odyg/
(aqmif) emç {ç omç yk? ax,spk? ig;ck yÍöuvm/
(u) ememb@yÍöu
1/ tm'da,,s = tm&mrfudk w&m;awGUí cdk;jcif;/
2/ [a&,s = aqmif,l xrf;,loGm;aom olwpfyg;Opömudk cdk;jcif;/
3/ t0[a&,s = tyfESHxm;aom b@mudk cdk;jcif;/
4/ £&d,myx0daumay,s = b@maqmifvmol o,f,lvmoludk
b@mESifhwuG cdk;jcif;/
5/ Xmempma0,s = ukef;ü wnfaeaom b@mudk ae&ma&TUajymif;-
xm;í cdk;jcif;/
þig;yg;udk ememb@yÍöu[k ac:onf/
(c) {ub@yÍöu
1/ tm'da,,s = ydkif&Sif\ ouf&Sd uRefudkjzpfapç wd&pämefudkjzpfap
w&m;awGUí w&m;qifí cdk;jcif;?
2/ [a&,s = aqmif,loGm;aom ouf&Sdowå0gudk cdk;jcif;?
3/ t0[a&,s = tyfESHxm;aom ouf&Sdowå0gudk cdk;jcif;?

4/ £&d,myx0daumay,s = ouf&Sdowå0g aqmif,lvmonfudk
owå0gESifhwuG cdk;jcif;?
5/ Xmempma0,s = ukef;ü wnfaeaom owå0gudk ae&ma&TUxm;í
cdk;jcif;?
þig;yg;udk {ub@yÍöu[k ac:onf/
(rSwfcsuf) ememb@yÍöuum; oufrJhç {ub@yÍöuum; ouf&Sd
þodkY xl;\/ cdk;yHkjcif;um; wlonf/
(aqmif) tmç [&ç t0ç £&dç Xmem&Sd rSwfod em{yg/
(*) om[wd¬uyÍöu
1/ om[wd¬u = olwpfyg;\ b@mudk udk,fwdkif cdk;jcif;?
2/ tmPwdåu = olwpfyg;udk apcdkif;wdkufwGef;í cdk;jcif;?
3/ edó*d¾, = uif;xm;&mt&yf MuHpnf&mt&yfwdkY\ twGif;üaeí
tjyifodkY ypfvTifhcdk;jcif;?
4/ tw¬om"u = pGrf;Edkifaomtcg cdk;yg[k apcdkif;jcif;? rcdk;rDuyif
yg&mZdutusKd;udk NyD;apwwfaom cdk;jcif;[l\/
5/ "k&edau©y = tm&mrfudk w&m;awGUjcif;ç tyfxm;aom b@mudk
ray;jcif;ç wm0umvdu cP,lxm;onfudk ray;jcif;ç b@mpm;
xdkufonfudk ray;jcif;? xkdYaMumifh Opöm&Sifu ]igawmh &rSmr[kwf-
ygbl;}[k vHkYvavQmhcsjcif;jzifh jyefray;ol\ cdk;jcif;/
(aqmif) o[ç tmPç edó*d¾,ç tw¬ç "k&yg/
(C) ykAÁya,m*yÍöu
1/ ykAÁya,m* = apcdkif;tyfolu {uef cdk;rnfjzpfvQif apcdkif;olrSm
cdkif;pOfuyif rcdk;rD a&S;tzdkYuyif cdk;jcif;?
2/ o[ya,m* = jr§Kyfxm;aom aiGtdk;ponfukd ae&mrS a&GUap-
ívnf;aumif; uefoif;ponfudk ajymif;íaomfvnf;aumif;?
udk,fhv,f,mbuf csJU,lvdkí ikwfwdkif ayBudK; jcH0if;wdk;csJUjcif;-
paom ya,m*ESifhwuG cdk;jcif;?
3/ oH0d"m0[m& = þrnfaom b@mudk cdk;tHh[k oHk;yg;av;yg; o-
abmwl wdkifyifí wpfyg;u ckd;aomf oabmwl &[ef;tm;vHk;
cdk;jcif;?
4/ oauFwur® = eHeufpaom tcsed f (10)em&Dpaom tcsed f tcsed ;f -
tcsuf trSwfjyKSí cdk;jcif;?
5/ edrdwåur® = rsufpdrSdwfjyjcif; vufjy ajcjyjyKvkyfí cdk;jcif;?
(aqmif) ykAÁç o[ç ya,m*yg? oH0d"mç ouFedrdwåm/
(i) ax,sm0[m&yÍöu
1/ ax,sm0[m& = yH;k vQK;d uG,v f QK;d vdrv
f nfvn S yhf wfí ck;d jcif;? vQKUd -
0Sufí cdk;jcif;? awmif;wif; csdefcGif tojym pOf;vJjyKí cdk;jcif;?
aiGwkxkwfvkyfjcif; ponf yg0if\/
2/ yom,Sm0[m& = tEdkiftxuf vk,ufí "m;jywdkufí cdk;jcif;?
&oifhaom tcGefxuf ydkawmif;í cdk;jcif;?
3/ y&duyÜg0[m& = b@mudkjzpfap t&yfudkjzpfap MuHqícdk;jcif;?
4/ y#dpäEém0[m& = jrLrIef opf&GufwdkYjzifh zkH;vTrf;xm;í &THUEGHtwGif;
oJtwGif; eif;oGif;í ckd;jcif;?
5/ ukom0[m& = urÁnf;vdyfpm ajymif;í cdk;jcif;?
þig;yg;udk ax,sm0[m&yÍöu[k ac:\/
(aqmif) axç yç y&d? y#dpfukom? þig;yg;rSm? ,SOfum 0[m&? cdk;rIjy?
ESpfq,fhig; ax,sm/
0dómo*¾g[ (= tuRrf;0ifí,ljcif;) t*Fg 5-yg;

uif;aom n§O;f qJjcif;&Sad om ,ljcif;? rn§O;f qJrí
l ,ljcif;? tuRr;f -
w0if ,ljcif;[k qdkvdkonf/ 0dómo*¾g[t*Fg (5) yg; &Sd\/
1/ oH'd| = jrifzl;umrQ taqGcifyGef;jzpfjcif;?
2/ orÇwå = jrJjrHaom taqGcifyGef;jzpfjcif;?
3/ tvydw = ]]ighOpömudk tvd&k adS omtcg ,lavmh}}[k yefMum;zG,rf &Sd
ajymxm;jcif;?
4/ ZD0dw = touf&Sifjcif;?
5/ *[daw twåre = ,laomf 0rf;ajrmufauseyfjcif;? aygif; (5)yg;-
wnf;/ xdk ig;yg;xJu a&SUok;H yg;wdw
Yk iG f wpfyg;yg;udk ,lum aemuf-
ESpfyg;ESifh aygif;aomf t*FgokH;yg; jzpf\/ ,if;t*FgokH;yg; &Sdu
,laumif;NyD [l\/
(rSwfcsuf) igaoaomfç igaoaomtcgç rif;,lawmh[k ay;rl ay;&m-
ra&muf? r,laumif;onfudk owd&Sdap/
'kwd,yg&mZdutmywf tqkH;tjzwfrsm;
ajrü wnfaom Opömç Munf;uke;f ü wnfaom Opömç aumif;uifü
wnfaom Opömç [if;vif;jyifü wnfaom Opöm a&ü wnfaom Opömç
avSü wnfaom Opömwdu Yk kd cd;k vdak om pdw&f o
dS nfjzpfí tazmfuakd omf-
vnf; aygufw;l jcif;awmif; ponfuv kd nf;aumif; &SmtH?h ajrudk wl;tH?h
EG,fudk jzwftHh? ajrudk ,uftHh? ypönf;odkY ra&mufrD oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;rI
rSeforQ 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ ypönf;udk okH;oyftHh 'kuú#f? ypönf;udk
vIyfaptHh xkv’pöOf;? ypönf;udk ae&mrS a&GUaptHh yg&mZdu tmywf-
oif\h / (þü ajrwl;ç EG,jf zwf jyK&mü ygpdwf r[kw?f 'ku#ú o f m oif\ h )
olwpfyg;ydkifypönf; ig;yJwefESifhtxuf wefbdk;&Sdaom ypönf;udk
OD;acgif; yckH; cg;ponfü wifaqmif o,f,lvmjcif;wdkYü cdk;vdkaom
pdwfjzifh okH;oyftHh 'kuú#f? vIyfaptHh xkv’pöOf;? wjcm; yckH; cg;ponfodkY
csvdkuftHh yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
tm&mrfç ausmif;ç v,fç &Gmç awmwdw Yk iG f ajrç Munf;uke;f ç aumif;-
uifç [if;vif;jyif av;XmewdüYk wnf&adS om Opömudk cd;k vdak om pdwjf zifçh
&vdkrIjzifh w&m;pGJtHh? tazmf&Smjcif; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;rI rSeforQü 'kuú#f?
Opöm&Siftm; ,kHrSm;aptHh xkv’pöOf;? Opöm&Sifu ]igr&awmhNyD}[k 0efcstHh
yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
a& 'efyl jruf opf&u G f ponfww Ydk iG f ig;yJ ig;yJxuftvGef xdu
k -f
wefaom a&ponfudk cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh okH;oyftHh 'kuú#f? vIyfaptHh
xkv’pöOf;? ae&mrS a&GUaptHh? yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
tyfEx HS m;aomOpöm teD;üxm;aom Opömudk Opöm&Siu f ]]ig\ Opöm-
udk ay;yg}}[k qdv k maomf igr,l[k jiif;qdt k hH 'ku#ú ?f Opöm&Sit
f m; ,krH mS ;-
aptHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? Opöm&Sio
f nf ]]ightm; jyefay;awmhrnf r[kw}f }[k 0efcs-
tHh yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
uif;xm;&mt&yf taumufXmeodkY 0ifí tcGefay;&rnfhOpömudk
cd;k vdak om pdw&f o
dS nfjzpfí ok;H oyfthH 'ku#ú ?f vIyaf ptHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? uif;udk
ajcvSrf; vGefaptHh xkv’pöOf;? 'kwd,ajcvSrf;udk ausmfvGefthH? yg&mZdu
tmywfoifh\/
ajcESpfacsmif;&dSaom owå0g vl Muuf iSufponf ajcav;acsmif;
qif jrif; EGm;ponfwu Ykd kd cd;k vdak om pdwjf zifh ok;H oyfthH 'ku#ú ?f vIyaf ptHh
xkv’pöOf;? ae&mrS a&GUaptHh yg&mZdu? ajcvsifac:aqmiftHh ajcwpf-
vSr;f udk a&GUaptHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? 'kw, d ajcvSr;f udk a&GUaptHh yg&mZdutmywf
oifh\/ rsm;aom tajc&Sdaom uif;NrD;aumuf uif;ajcrsm; (clç wDç
oHaumif Opömvd*yF ;kd )wdu Yk kd ig;yJ ig;yJxuftvGef xdu k w
f efaom uif;Nr;D -
aumuf ponfukd cd;k vdak om pdw&f o dS nfjzpfí ok;H oyfthH 'ku#ú ?f vIyaf p-
tHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? ae&mrS a&GUaptHh yg&mZdu? ajcvSr;f a&GUaptHh ajcvSr;f wdik ;f
ajcvSr;f wdik ;f xkvp’ Oö ;f ? aemufq;Hk ajcvSr;f udk a&GUaptHh yg&mZdutmywf
oifh\/
wdik yf ifí cd;k jcif;ü trsm;wkid yf ifí wpfO;D u cd;k tHh tm;vk;H yg&mZdu
tmywf oif\ h / &[ef;av;yg; tqifq h ifh cd;k cdik ;f &mwGif cd;k aom&[ef;
0efrcHrD tqifq h ifch ;kd cdik ;f aom &[ef;wdüYk 'ku#ú ?f cd;k aom&[ef; 0efct H hH
rlvapcdkif;aom &[ef;wdkYtm; xkv’pöOf;? cdk;olonf xdkOpömudk cdk;tHh
&[ef;av;yg;vkH; yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/ ydkif&Sif r&Sdaomç ydkif&Sifu
tmvsjywf pGefYypfxm;tyfaom ydkif&SifrJh ypönf;udk cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh
ok;H oyfthH 'ku#ú ?f vIyaf ptHh 'ku#ú ?f ae&mrS a&GUaptHh 'ku#ú ?f ig;yJatmuf
ypönf;üvnf; xdkYtwlyif jzpf\/
temywåd tmywfroifholrsm;
rdrdOpöm[k xifrSwfí ,laom&[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? tuRrf;-
0ifí,ljcif;? tcduk t
f wef, Y jl cif;? Nyw
d må odr;f qnf;aom Opöm? wd& pämef
odr;f qnf;aom Opömwdu Yk dk ,ljcif;üvnf; tmywfroif/h yHo h u
k [l k xif-
rSwfí ,laom&[ef;? pdwfysHUvGifhaom &[ef;? ½l;aom&[ef;? a0'em
zdpD;aom &[ef;? vufOD;tp vGefusL;aom&[ef;wdkY tmywfroifh/
(yg&mZduPfygVdawmf jrefrmjyef?73)
wwd,yg&mZdu t"dyÜm,frsm;
rEkó0d*[ ¾ - vlZmwfjzpfaom ol\ ud, k [
f o
l nf trd0rf;wGi;f ü
a&S;OD;pGm (y#doaE¨)pdwf (0dnmOf) jzpfay:onfrSpí aoonfhumv
wdkifatmifaom twGif;üjzpfaom þowå0gonf vlZmwfjzpfaom
ol\udk,f rnf\/
toufZD0dwdaÈ´rS csykH - toufZD0dwdaÈúdk jzwf\? csKyfap\?
cE¨mtpOfukd ysuaf p\? toufudk aqmifwwfaom "m;vufeuf&mS í
teD;ü xm;jcif;ü oHvsuf cuf&if; vSH aqmufykwf ausmufcJESifh
<uif;aom vufeufrsm; tqdyu f akd omfvnf;aumif; wpfcck &k mS í teD;-
ü csxm;ay;jcif;udk ,l&ygonf/
aojcif ; \ *k P f a us;Zl ; - aojcif ; \ *k P f a us;Zl ; [l o nf
touf&Sifaejcif;ü tjypfudk jy\/ aojcif;\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk csD;usL;
ajymqdkjcif;ukd qkdonf/
aojcif;iSm aqmufwnfapjcif; - vufeufudkaomfvnf;aumif;
aqmif,yl g? "m;ESix fh ;kd aoyg? tqdypf m;aoyg? BuKd ;qGcJ saoyg[lí þodYk
cdkif;jcif;wnf;/
aoapvdkaom pdwftMuH - aojcif;ütrSwf? aojcif;üapwem?
aojcif;ü tvdktMuHwdkYwnf;/ þwGif ygP = owå0gçç ygPmwdygw
= owå0gudk owfjcif;ç ygPmwdygwD = owå0gudk owfavh&o
dS çl ygPm-
wdygwya,m* = owå0gudk owfjzwfaMumif; vkHYvya,m*[lí
av;csufudk cGJjcm; rSwfom;oifh\/
ygPmwdygwya,m* (6) yg;
1/ om[w¬duya,m* = rdrdvufjzifh owfykwfn§Of;qJjcif;?
2/ edó*¾d,ya,m* = jrm; vSH ,EÅ&m; ausmufcJponfwdkYjzifh
ypfvTifhjcif; ya,m*?
3/ tmPwåu d ya,m* = ]þolukd owfvu kd }f [k apcdik ;f ol\ owfcikd ;f -
jcif; ya,m*? (¤if;üvnf; 6-rsKd; vm&Sd\/)
4/ xm0&ya,m* = a&TUajymif;í r&aumif;aom wGif;wl;jcif;ç rSD&m
wHuyJ sOf teD;ü "m;udk csxm;jcif;ç [ke;f cwfjcif; ponfwjYkd zifh owf-
aMumif; ya,m*?
5/ 0dZÆmr,ya,m* = tmwAÁe[k qdktyfaom rEÅmefudk pD&ifojzifh

owfaMumif; ya,m*?
6/ £'d¨r,ya,m* = ur®0dyguZd'¨djzifh owfaMumif;ya,m*[lí
jzpf\/
(aqmif) omç edç tmç xmç 0dZÆmç £'¨d ygPmwd? ajcmuf&Sd ya,m*g/
tmPwåduya,m* (6) yg;
0w¬Kç umvç Moumoç tm0k"ç £&d,myxç Bud,m0daoo[k
apcdkif;jcif; owfckdif;jcif; ya,m* (6)yg; &Sdonf/
1/ 0w¬K = owftyfaom owå0g[laom 0w¬K? 2/ umv =
eHeufpaom tcsdefumv? 3/ Moumo = NrdKU &Gm awm paom t&yf?
4/ tm0k" = "m; vSH paom vufeuf? 5/ £&d,myx = owftyfol
(towfcH&ol)\ oGm;jcif; xdkifjcif; paom £&d,mykxf? 6/ Bud,m-
0daoo = xdk;jcif; ckwfjcif;paom Bud,mtxl;/
(aqmif) 0w¬K umv Moumo 0k" £&d,m Bud,m0dao þajcmufaxG
jym;av tmPwåm/
wwd,yg&mZdutmywf tqkH;tjzwfrsm;
wwd,odum© yk'yf gVdvm aoatmifvyk ef nf; (4)rsK;d rS wpfrsK;d rsK;d jzifh
pwiftm;xkwftHh 'kuú#f? qif;&J 'ku©a0'emjzpftHh xkv’pöOf;? vlaotHh
yg&mZdu[k tqifhqifh cGJNyD; rSwfom;yg/
vlukd owft[ hH k rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf qdk tm;xkwt f hH 'ku#ú ?f a0'em-
udk jzpfaptHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? aotHh yg&mZdu? rnfo[ l k r&nf&, G b
f J wpfO;D
wpfa,muf usí aovdrrhf nf[k wGi;f wl;tHh 'ku#ú ?f xdw k iG ;f xJoYkd vlus-
tHh 'ku#ú ?f usí 'kua© 0'em jzpfaptHh xkvp’ Oö ;f ? aotHh yg&mZdutmywf
oifh\/ vla,mifaqmifxm;aom bDvl; Nydwåmrsm;ESifh wd& pämefustHh
'kuú#f? aotHh xkv’pöOf;/
tqifhqifh apcdkif;&mü tmywfoifhykH
&[ef;wpfyg;onf &[ef;wpfyg;udk ]]þrnfaom &[ef;tm;
ajymygav? þrnfaom &[ef;uvnf; þrnfaom&[ef;tm;
þrnfaom &[ef;onf þrnfaom oludk owfygap}}[k ajymygap?
þodkY apcdkif;tHh 'kuú#f? xdk&[ef;onf wpfyg;aom&[ef;tm; ajymtHh
'kuú#f? owfol&[ef;onf 0efcHtHh rlvapcdkif;aom xdk&[ef;tm;
xkv’pöOf;? xdk&[ef;onf xdkoludk owftHh &[ef;av;yg;vkH; yg&mZdu
tmywf oifh\/
&[ef;wpfyg;onf ]]þrnfaomoludk owfavmh}}[k apcdkif;tHh
'kuú#f? apcdkif;NyD;rS pdwfraumif;ojzifh rowfESifhawmh[k jyefydwf\
tcdkif;cH&aom &[ef;onf ]]ighudk apcdkif;tyfNyD;jzpfonf}}[k qdkí
xdo
k ul kd owft?hH rlvapcdik ;f aom &[ef;tm; tmywfroif?h owfaom
&[ef;tm;om yg&mZdutmywf oif\ h / ud,k jf zifh EIwjf zifh ud,k çf EIwjf zifh
wref vTwí f pma&;í cs;D usL;ajymqdjk cif;rnfonfwu Ykd kd azmfjyygtwdik ;f
odyg/
þuJhodkY ao&aom olonf ypönf;Opömudkaomfvnf;aumif;
&wwf\/ tjcHt&Htausmftapmaomfvnf;aumif; &wwf\/ ewf-
jynfodkYaomfvnf; a&mufwwf\/ þodkY udk,ftrlt&mjzifh jyjcif;?
EIwjf zifh ajymjcif;? wrefjzifh owif;ay;jcif;? pma&;jcif;wdüYk pmvk;H wdik ;f
pmvk;H wdik ;f a&SUa&SUya,m*wdüYk 'ku#ú ?f pmMunfí
h aoawmht[ hH k 'ku-©
a0'emudk jzpfaptHh xkv’pöOf;? aotHh yg&mZduus\/
aq;ay;jcif;ü tmywfoifhykH
axmywfudkaomfvnf;aumif;ç qDç ysm;&nfç wifvJwdkYudkaomf
vnf;aumif; ]]þaq;udk vsuíf aovdrrhf nf}}[k ay;tHh 'ku#ú ?f xdak q;-

udk vsufí 'ku©a0'em jzpftHh xkv’pöOf;? aotHh yg&mZduus\/
"r®m½kHteD;odkY aqmifjcif;
þrnfaom pum;udçk w&m;udk Mum;aomf vefí Y aovdrrhf nf[k
i&Jü jzpfxukd o
f tl m; i&JEiS hf pyfaompum;udk ajymtHh 'ku#ú ?f xdpk um;udk
Mum;í vefYtHh xkv’pöOf;? aotHh yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/ (ewfjynf-
taMumif;vnf; enf;wlyif/)
tm½kiH g;yg; - tqif; toH teHY t&om tawGUtxd rESpNf rKd UzG,f
tm½kHwpfckckudk aovdrfhrnf[k teD;odkY aqmiftHh 'kuú#f? cH&ol 'ku©-
a0'emjzpftHh xkv’pöOf;? aotHh yg&mZdutmywfoifh\/
qdkqkH;rjcif;
þodkYaoyg? þodkY ao&aomolonf ypönf;Opömudkaomfvnf;
&wwf\/ tjct H &H tausmt f apmudak omfvnf; &wwf\/ ewfjynfo-Ykd
aomfvnf; a&mufwwf\[k rar;bJ ajymthH 'kuú#f? xdktqkH;tr-
pum;jzifh aoawmhtHh[k 'ku©a0'emjzpftHh xkv’pöOf;? aotHh yg&mZdu
tmywfoifh\/
tcsdef;tcsufESifh edrdwftrSwf
eHeuf nae ncsr;f pojzifh tcsed u f mv tcsed ;f tcsujf zifh rsupf -d
rSw
d f rsucf ;Hk yifh acgif;ndwf trSwt
f om;jzifh xdo
k u
l o
kd wfavmh[k ajym-
thH 'kuú#f? xdktcsdef xdktrSwfedrdwftwdkif; owftHh ESpfOD;vkH; yg&mZdu?
xdktcsdef xdkedrdwftrSwf\ a&SUjzpfap aemufjzpfap xdkoludkowftHh[k
ajymaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/ owfaom &[ef;tm;om yg&m-
Zdutmywf oifh\/
tmywfroifholrsm;
owfvdkaompdwf r&Sdaom &[ef;ç rodaom &[ef;ç raoapvdk-
aom &[ef;ç onf;ajcysuí f ½l;aom &[ef;ç tpvufO;D vGeu
f sL;aom
&[ef;wdkYtm; vludk aoatmif jyKrdí aooGm;aomfvnf; tmywf
roifhay/ (yg&mZduPf jrefrmjyef-103/)
pwkw¬yg&mZdut"dyÜm,frsm;
Owå&rd Ekó"r® - [lonf psmef 0darmu© orm"d ormywf ÓPf-
tjrif? r*fudk yGm;rsm;jcif;? zdkvfudk rsufarSmufjyKjcif;? udavomudk
y,fjcif;? eD0&PrS uif;jcif;? qdwNf ird &f m ausmif;ocFr;f ü arGUavsmjf cif;
wkdYwnf;/
psmef - [lonf yç 'kç wç p tm;jzifh psmefav;yg;/ 0darmu©[o
l nf
udavom qdwfokOf;í vGwfajrmufjcif; oknw0darmu©/ udavom
taMumif;edrdwf r&Sdí vGwfajrmufjcif; tedrdwå0darmu©/ udavom
awmifhwrI r&Sdí vGwfajrmufjcif; tyÜPD[dw0darmu©wnf;/
orm"d - [lonf udavomqdwo f Ok ;f í wnfMunfjcif;? oknw-
orm"dç tedrdwåorm"dç tyÜPD[dworm"dwnf;/ ormywf[lonf
udavom qdwo f Ok ;f í 0ifpm;jcif;? oknwormywfç tedrw d o
å rmywfç
tyÜP[ D w
d ormywfwnf;/ ÓPftjrif[o l nf 0dZmÆ ok;H yg;wnf;/ ykaAÁ-
ed0goÓPfç 'dAÁpu©KÓPfç tmo0u©,ÓPf (yk-'d-tm)okH;yg;udk
qdkvdk\/
r*fuykd mG ;rsm;jcif; - [lonf owdy|mefav;yg;ç or®y"Ü mefav;yg;ç
£'dy¨ g'fav;yg;ç £aÈi´ g;yg;ç Akv
d if g;yg;ç aAmZÑicf ek pfyg; jrwfaomr*¾i-f
&Spfyg; yGm;rsm;jcif;wnf;/
udavomudky,fjcif; - [lonf &m* a'go arm[udk y,fjcif;-
wnf;/ eD0&PrS uif;jcif;[lonf &m*rS a'gorS arm[rS pdwf\

tydwftyif eD0&Puif;jcif;wnf;/
qdw f Nf ird &f m ausmif;ocFr;f ü arGUavsmjf cif; - [lonf yxrpsmefjzifh
qdwNf ird &f mausmif;ocFr;f ü arGUavsmjf cif;? /y/ pwkwp¬ smefjzifh qdwNf ird &f m
ausmif;ocFrf;ü arGUavsmfjcif;wnf;/
ork'gpa&,s = ajymMum;jim;tHh - [lonf rdef;rtm;aomfvnf;-
aumif;ç a,mufsm;tm;aomfvnf;aumif;ç vltm;aomfvnf;aumif;ç
&[ef;tm;aomfvnf;aumif; ajymMum;jcif;ukd ,l&rnf/
taMumif; (3) yg;
rajymrD a&S;rqGuyif xdk&[ef;onf ]]r[kwfrrSef ajymrnf}}[k
od\/ ajymqJ&[ef;onf ]]r[kwfrrSef ajymonf}}[k od\/ ajymNyD;-
&[ef;onf ]]igr[kwrf rSef ajymrdNy}D }[k od\/ þtaMumif;ok;H yg;wkjYd zifh
yxrpsmefukd 0ifpm;cJNh y[
D k odvsuf r[kwrf rSef ajymqkad om &[ef;tm;
yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
taMumif; (7) yg;

rajymrD a&S;rqGuyif xdk&[ef;onf ]]r[kwfrrSef ajymonf}}[k
od\/ ajymqJ &[ef;onf ]]r[kwrf rSef ajymonf}}[k odonf/ ajymNy;D
&[ef;onf ]]igr[kwfrrSef ajymrdNyD}}[k od\/ (ightm; yxrpsmefr&dS-
[laom rdrd\) t,ltqudk zkH;xm;vsufç ESpfodrfhoabmwlnDrIudk
zk;H xm;vsuçf ESpo
f ufauseyfru I kd zk;H xm;vsuçf &nfreS ;f csuu
f kd zk;H xm;-
vsufç taMumif;ckepfrsKd;wdkYjzifh yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;cJhNyD[k odvsuf
r[kwfrrSef ajymqdkaom &[ef;tm; yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
ygVdawmfü okH;yg;ç av;yg;ç ig;yg;ç ajcmufyg;ç ckepfyg;wdkYjzifh cGJí
a[mMum;xm;onf/
tus,fcsJU od&ef
txufygtwdkif; ]]yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;cJhNyD[k}}[laom ae&mü
]]yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;onf[k}} ]]yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;ae\[k}} ]]yxr
psmefudk &onf[k}} ]]yxrpsmefudk avhvmjcif;&Sdonf[k}} ]]igonf
yxrpsmefukd rsuaf rSmufjyKtyfNy[ D }k } odvsuf r[kwrf rSef ajymqdak om
&[ef;tm; yg&mZdutmywf oifNh y[ D k ok;H yg;ç av;yg;ç ig;yg;ç ajcmufyg;ç
ckepfyg;wdkYjzifh[lí wGJpyfcsJU,lav/
yxrpsmefudk tus,fcsJUouJhodkYyif psmefav;yg;? 0darmu©okH;yg;?
orm"do;Hk yg;? ormywfo;Hk yg;? 0dZmÆ ok;H yg; owdy|mefav;yg;? or®y"Ü mef
av;yg;? £'¨dyg'fav;yg;? £aÈíg;yg;? Akdvfig;yg;? aAmZÑifckepfyg;?
r*¾if&Spfyg;? zdkvfav;yg;? udavomokH;yg;? eD0&PokH;yg;wdkYudk csJUí-
odav/
eD0&PokH;rsKd;udk jyjcif;
taMumif;ok;Hk rsK;d wdjYk zifh &m*rS ig\pdwo
f nf tydwt f yif ]]eD0&P}}
uif;NyD[k odvsuf r[kwfrrSef ajymqdkaom &[ef;tm; yg&mZdu
tmywfoifh\/ taMumif;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh a'gorS ig\pdwfonf tydwf-
tyif ]eD0&P} uif;Ny[ D k odvsuf r[kwrf rSef ajymqdak om &[ef;tm;
yg&mZdu? taMumif;ok;H rsK;d wdjYk zifh /y/ taMumif;ckepfrsK;d wdjYk zifh arm[rS
ig\ pdwfonf tydwftyif ]eD0&P}uif;NyD[k odvsuf r[kwfrrSef
ajymqdkaom &[ef;tm; yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
rajymrD a&S;rqGuyif xdk&[ef;onf ]]r[kwfrrSef ajymrnf}}[k
od\/ ajymqJ&[ef;onf ]]r[kwfrrSef ajymonf}}[k od\/ ajymNyD;-
&[ef;onf ]]ig r[kwrf rSef ajymrdNy}D }[k od\/ (arm[rS ig\pdwo f nf
tydwt f yif ]eD0&P} ruif;ao;[laom rdr\ d ) t,ltqudk zk;H xm;-
vsufç (arm[rS ig\pdwfonf tydwftyif ]eD0&P} ruif;ao;[l-
aom rdrd\) ESpfodrfhoabmwlnDrIudk zkH;xm;vsufç (arm[rS ig\

pdwfonf tydwftyif ]]eD0&P}} ruif;ao;[laom rdrd\) ESpfouf
auseyfru
I dk zk;H xm;vsuçf (arm[rS ig\pdwo f nf tydwt f yif ]eD0&P}
ruif;ao;[laom rdr\ d ) &nfreS ;f csuuf kd zk;H xm;vsuçf (arm[rS ig\
pdwo
f nf tydwt f yif ]eD0&P} uif;Ny[ D k odvsuf r[kwrf rSef ajymqk-d
aom &[ef;tm; yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
,ckjyqdkcJhaom taMumif;okH;yg; ponfum; eD0&Puif;NyD[k
odvsuf tqkH;owfxm;jcif;rsm;onf ok'¨du0g&wnf;/ pufjywf
c@puf puf0kdif; A'¨puf pufvSnfha[mawmfrlonfrsm;ESifh {url 'krl
oAÁrlwdkYudkvnf; yg&mZduPfygVdawmfü Munfh½IawmfrlMuygukef/
tmywfoifhykH
taMumif;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD[k 'kwd,psmefudk
0ifpm;Ny[
D k odvsuf r[kwrf rSef ajymqdak om &[ef;tm; (em;axmifo)l
odem;vnfaomf yg&mZdu? (em;axmifo)l rodem;rvnfaomf xkvp’ Oö ;f
tmywfoifh\/
oG,f0dkufí ajymqdkjcif;
rajymrD a&S;rqGuyif /y/ þtaMumif;ok;H rsK;d wdjYk zifh tMuif&[ef;-
onf oif\ ausmif;ü ae\/ xdk&[ef;onf yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;cJhNyD?
0ifpm;onf? 0ifpm;ae\/ xd&k [ef;onf yxrpsmefukd &\/ avhvmjcif;
&Sd\/ xdk&[ef;onf yxrpsmefudk rsufarSmufjyKtyfNyD[k odvsuf
r[kwfrrSef ajymqdkaom&[ef;tm; (em;axmifol) odem;vnfaomf
xkv’pöOf;? (em;axmifol) rodem;rvnfaomf 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
txufygtwdik ;f yif tMuif&[ef;udk tpGjJ yKí oifonf ausmif;udk
vSL\/ ouFe;f udk vSL\/ qGr;f udk vSL\/ tdy&f m ae&mudk vSL\/ olem-
taxmuftyHhjzpfaom aq;udk vSL\/ xdk&[ef;onf qdwfNidrf&m
ausmif;ocFrf;ü pwkw¬psmefudk 0ifpm;cJhNyD? 0ifpm;onf? 0ifpm;ae\/
xdk&[ef;onf qdwfNidrf&m ausmif;ocFrf;ü pwkw¬psmefudk avhvmjcif;
&Sd\/ pwkw¬psmefudk rsufarSmufjyKtyfNyD[k odvsuf r[kwfrrSef ajym-
qdak om &[ef;tm; em;axmifol odem;vnfaomf xkvp’ Oö ;f ? em;axmif-
ol rodem;rvnfaomf 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
wkpäHESifh rkom txl;
teufr&dSjcif;udk ]wkpäH}? pum;vkH; rSm;,Gif;jcif;udk ]rkom}[k cGJyg/
qdv
k &kd if;um; ]yxrpsmefudk ig&\}[k qd&k mü yxrpsmef[al om pum;-
\ teufrSefjzpfaom ]yxrpsmefw&m;\ olUoEÅmefü r&Sdjcif;}onf
]wkp}Hä wnf;/ ]yxrpsmefukd ig&\}[laom pum;0guswpfcv k ;Hk rrSejf cif;-
onf ]rkom}wnf;/
tnMw t"drmem
t"drme = &tyfNyD[k rSwfxifjcif;udk (0g) vGefuJaom rSwfxif-
jcif;ud?k tnMw = MuOfxm;í/ t"drme&Sad om yk*Kd¾ v[
f o
l nf psmevmbD
tppf t&d,mtppfvnf; r[kwf? arharhavsmhavsmh ayghayghqq
aeaom ykxZk Ofvnf; r[kw?f w&m;tm;xkwf BuKd ;pm;aeaom &[ef;-
awmfwdkYudkom t"drme jzpfEdkifonf[k rSwfyg/
tusOf;csKyfrSwf&ef
Owå&drEkó"r®udk 0g<um;ajymMum;&mü (em;axmifol) odem;-
vnfvQif yg&mZdu? rodem;rvnfvQif xkvp’ Oö ;f ? oG,0f u kd í
f ajymqd-k
ojzifh odvQif xkvp’ Oö ;f ? rodvQif 'ku#ú t
f mywf oif\ h / wpfpw Hk pf&mudk
xkwaf qmifí rajymbJ Owå&rd Ekó"r® &ouJo h Ykd xifrwS af tmif [ef-
aqmifvQif 'ku#ú ?f vltrsm;u cs;D rGr;f ajrmufpm; tm;xm;Muvdrrhf nf[k
arQmv
f ifah wmifwh í awmü aetH?h awm&usit hf ?hH "kwifaqmufwnft?hH
qGrf;cHtHh? oGm;ç &yfç xdkifç avsmif;jcif;jyKtHh 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/
temywåd? tmywfroifholrsm;
txifBuD;jcif; ]&Edk;jcif;}jzifh r0g<um;vdkaom &[ef;? (onf;ajc-
ysufí) ½l;aom &[ef;? (bDvl;zrf;í) pdwfysHUvGifhaom &[ef;? a0'em
zdp;D aom &[ef;? tpvufO;D vGeu f sL;aom &[ef;wdtYk m; tmywfroif/h
bdu©KeDyg&mZdu (9) yg;

yg&mZdu (24)yg; jynfhatmif a&;&eftwGuf bdu©KeDrsm;om
oufqikd af om yg&mZdu (5)yg; tusO;f csK;H í odom½kH a&;om;wifjyrnf
jzpfygonf/
bduK© erD wdo
Yk nf &[ef;a,mufsm;wduYk ohJ Ykd ]Ak'H¨ ypöum© rd} ponfjzifh
qdí
k odum© cs&jcif;rnfonf r&S?d vl0wfv½J rHk QEiS yhf if yg&mZdu usaom-
aMumifh yxryg&mZduodu©myk'fü ]]odu©momZD0ormyaEém odu©H
typöu©m, 'kAÁvsH te0duwGm}}}}[k ra[mMum;awmhyg/
(1) OAÁZmPkr@vdum odu©myk'f
udk,fvufESD;aESmvdkaom &m*pdwf&Sdaom bdu©KeDronf n§yf½kd;-
ESpfzufatmuf ykqpf'l;0ef; ESpfbuftxuf wpfawmifqpfrS txuf
vufarmif;tqkH;xd cE¨mudk,fwpfae&m&mü udk,fvufESD;aESmvdkaom
&m*pdw&f adS om a,mufsm;\ ok;H oyfjcif;ç udik jf cif;ç wdx
Yk jd cif;ç ayGU,lzsp-f
n§pfjcif;wdkYudk om,mjim;tHh? xdkbdu©KeDronf OAÁZmPkr@vdum
rnfaom yg&mZdutmywfoif\ h / &[ef;rde;f raumif;wdEYk iS hf twlwuG
aygif;oif;jcif; r&awmhacs/
(rSwfcsuf) ESpfOD;vkH; &m*pdwf&SdrSomvQif yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/
wpfOD;wnf;ü &m*pdwf&SdvQif xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/
(2) 0ZÆy#dpäm'dum odu©myk'f
bduK© erD onf yg&mZduusaeaom wjcm;bduK© erD wpfa,mufukd
ud, k w
f ikd v
f nf; rapm'em bduK© e*D P
kd ;f tm;vnf; rwkid Mf um;bJ tjypfukd
zkH;vTrf;xm;tHh? tjypfudk zkH;vTrf;aomaMumifh 0ZÆy#dpäm'dumrnfaom
yg&mZdutmywf oifh\/ &[ef;rdef;raumif;wdkYESifh twlwuG aygif;-
oif;jcif; r&awmhacs/
(rSwfcsuf) tjypfudk zkH;xm;rdonf[k 0efcHonfhtcgrS yg&mZduus-
onf r[kw?f zk;H xm;awmhrnf[k qk;H jzwfwek ;f uyif yg&m-
Zdu uscJhonf[k odyg/
(3) Ou©dwåmEk0wådum odu©myk'f
bduK© erD onf nDñw G af om bduK© oC
H mu [kwrf eS af om taMumif;
0w¬Kjzifh 0denf;awmftwdik ;f ppfaq;owday;í Úwfur®0gpmjzifh ESi-f
xkwfxm;aomç ½kdaoav;pm;jcif; r&Sdaomç oHCmhabmifodkY Moom-
&PuHjzifh jyefí roGif;&ao;aomç taygif;tazmf rjyK&ao;aom
Ou©dwåu&[ef;\ t,ludk twkvdkufíusifhjim;tHh? xkdbdu©KeDrudk
jrifMu Mum;Muukefaom tjcm;bdu©KeDrwdkYu txufygtwdkif; tpkH-
ajymqkí d ]]t&Sirf þ&[ef;\ t,lukd twkvu kd í
f rusiahf vvif}h }[k
ESpBf urd f ok;H Burd f ajymqd&k rnf/ tu,fí xdt k ,lukd pGejYf im;tHh aumif;-
\/ tu,fí rpGefYjim;tHh 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ (Mum;vsuf rajym-
qdkMuukefaom &[ef;rwdkYtm;vnf; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/)
þuJhodkY okH;Budrf qkH;rNyD;aemuf xdkbdu©KeDrudk bdu©KeDoHCm\
tv,fodkY ac:aqmifí txufü qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; okH;Budrfajrmuf-
atmif xyfrHí ajymqdkqkH;r&rnf/ tu,fí xdkt,ludk pGefYjim;thH
aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGefYjim;tHh 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ xdkaemuf
bdu©KeDoHCmu xdk&[ef;rtm; t,ludkpGefYapjcif;iSm orEkbmoeuH

Úwfur®0gpmjzifh qdq k ;Hk rtyf\/ þodYk qk;H rtyfonf&adS omf xdt k ,lukd
pGevYf Qif aumif;\/ rpGev Yf Qiu f m; ok;H Burd af jrmufaom ur®0gpmtqk;H ü
xdk&[ef;ronf ESifxkwfxm;aom Ou©dwåu&[ef;\ t,ludk twk
vduk í f usiahf omaMumifh Ou©w d må Ek0wåu
d mrnfaom yg&mZdutmywf
oif\ h / bduK© erD aumif;wdEYk iS hf twlwuG aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&awmhacs/
(rSwfcsuf) udk;Budrfudk;cg qkH;r&onfudk owdjyKyg/
t|0w¬Kum odu©myk'f
udk,fvufESD;aESmvdkaom &m*pdwf&Sdaom bdu©KeDronf xdkuJhodkY-
aom &m*&Sdaoma,mufsm;\ (1) vufqGJrIudkvnf; om,mjim;thH?
(2) ouFe;f udik q f rJG u
I v
kd nf; om,mjim;tH?h (3) ESpaf wmifx h mG [w¬ygof
twGif;ürlvnf; &yfaejim;tHh? (4) ESpfawmifhxGmtwGif; pum;ajymtHh?
(5) csed ;f csuxf m;aom t&yfoYkd oGm;jim;tH?h (6) rdrx d oH Ykd xdak ,mufsm;\
vmrIudkvnf; om,mjim;tHh? (7) zkH;uG,faomae&modkYvnf; vdkufí
0ifjim;tHh? (8) rdrdudk,fudkvnf; xdka,mufsm;\ teD;odkY uyfaqmif-
jim;tHh xdb k u
d K© erD onf 0w¬K (8)yg;udk usL;vGeaf omaMumifh t|0w¬Kum
rnfaom yg&mZdutmywfoifh\/ bdu©KeDraumif;wdkYESifh twlwuG
aygif;oif;jcif;iSm r&awmhacs/
(rSwfcsuf) wpfrsK;d wpfrsK;d twGuf wpfcgusL;vGev f Qif xkvp’ Oö ;f tmywf
wpfcsufoifh\/ (8)rsKd;vkH; jynfhaomtcg yg&mZduus\
[k rSwf/
(trSm) bduK© ewD t
Ykd wGuf oD;jcm; ynwfawmfrt l yfaom þü wdu k ½f u
dk -f
jyxm;aom om"m&Pyg&mZdu (4)yg;tjyif bduK© wt Ykd m; ynwftyf-
aom arxkeç t'dEmé 'geç rEkó0d*[ ¾ ç Owå&rd Ekó"r®[al om odum© -
yk'f (4)yg;udkvnf; bdu©KeDrwdkY vdkufem&onf/ bdu©KeDrwdkYtm; þodkY
yg&mZdu (8)yg;ESihf vl0wfvaJ om bduK© eyD g&mZdu (1)yg;ESihf aygif;vQif
bdu©KeDyg&mZdu (9)yg;[k qdkoifh\/ bdu©KeDrwdkYESifhom qdkifaom
yg&mZdu (5)yg;? &[ef;a,mufsm;wdkYü (19)yg; jzpfí aygif;aomf
yg&mZdu (24)yg; jzpfonf[k rSwfav/
yg&mZdutmywf NyD;\/
"""
oHCm'daooff[lonf ..
]]oHaCm tm'drSd ap0 aoao p £pädwaAÁm tómwd oHCm'd-
aoaom}}
aoaom}}[lonfEiS hf tnD tpjzpfaom y&d0gof,jl cif;üvnf;aumif;?
tv,fjzpfaom rmewf,ljcif;üvnf;aumif;? tqkH;jzpfaom tAÇmef
oGif;jcif;üvnf;aumif; uHokH;yg;vkH;ü oHCmudk tvdk&Sdtyfonfcsnf;
jzpfaomaMumifh oHCm'daooftmywf[k ac:onf/
oHCm'daooftmywf (13) yg;
yxrmywådum e0 = a&S;OD;pGm 0w¬Kudk vGefusL;qJcPü (0g)
vGefusL;vQif vGefusL;jcif; oifha&mufjcif;&Sdaom tmywf (9)yg;?
pwåma&m ,m0wwd,um = vGefusL;qJcPü oHCm'daooftmywf
roifhao; okH;Budrfwdkifatmif orEkbmoeuH Úwfur®0gpmtqkH;ü
oifh&aom ,m0wwd,utmywf (4)yg;? aygif; (13)yg; jzpfonf/
yxrmywådumtmywf (9) yg; tusOf;
1/ okuú0dó|d odu©myk'f
tdyfrufü okufvGwfjcif;ukd MuOfxm;í apwemjzifh aphaqmf
BuKd ;ukwtf m;xkwu f m edrw
d u
f kd (t*FgZmwfu)kd vkv
YH jyKí okuf (10)rsK;d rS
wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd vGwfvQif okuú0dó|doHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/
(okufrvGwfvQif xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/)
(aqmif) vTwaf pvdiYk mS ç apwemwnfçh Asmygvkv
YH ç jyKru
d vsi;f ç okuv
f w
G f
jcif;[kç aMumif;&if;okH;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD 0dó|d/
2/ um,oHo*¾odu©myk'f
arG;zGm;ump t&G,rf pS í vlZmwf&adS om rde;f rudk udik v
f o
kd ;Hk oyf-
vdak om um,oHo*¾&m*pdwjf zifh qHyif? arG;nif;? tarG;Ek? tarG;i,f?
t*FgBuD;i,f udk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;wdkYudk vkHYvya,m*jzifh xdudkif
okH;oyf ayGUzuf zspfn§pf om,mvQif um,oHo*¾oHCm'daoof
tmywf oifh\/
(aqmif) vlrdef;ryif1 ç rdef;rxifvsuf2ç oHo*f&m*3ç vkHYvjyKvsif;4ç
udkifrdjcif;[k5ç aMumif;&if;ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD oHo*¾/
3/ 'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'f
tysKd vlysKdwdkY arxkefESifhpyfaom pum; ajymqdkouJhodkY odç Mum;
em;vnfEikd af om rde;f rtm; arxkeEf iS hf pyfaom ½ke&Yf if;Murf;wrf;aom-
pum; ajymMum;vQif xdkcPü tajymcH&aom xdkrdef;r em;vnfygu
'k|Kv0’ gpmoHCm'daooff tmywfoif\ h / (rodem;rvnfvQif xkvp’ Oö ;f
tmywfoifh\/)
(aqmif) vlrdef;ryif1ç rdef;rxifvwf2ç 0pmóm'3ç xkd&m*jzifh ajymjy
avbd4ç csucf si;f od[5k aMumif;&if;ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifNh yD 'k|Kv/’
4/ twåumryg&dp&d, odu©myk'f
rdrt
d m; arxkejf zifh vkyaf uR;jcif;iSm odç Mum;em;vnfaom rde;f r\
xHü oDv&daS om uk, d u
f siwhf &m;&Sad om jrwfaom txufwef;vkyif ef;-
awGudk vkyfaqmifaeaom iguJhodkYaom oltm; arxkeftusifhjzifh
vkyaf uR;jyKpjk cif;onf tvSLwumwdw Yk iG f tjrwfq;Hk aom tvSLjzpf\?
ponfjzifh arxkefvSLjcif;\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk csD;rGrf;ajymqdkí arxkef
tvSLcHaompum;udk xdck Pü tajymcH&aom xdrk ed ;f r odem;vnfvQif

twåumryg&dp&d, oHCm'daooftmywfoif\ h / (rodem;rvnfvQif
xkv’pöOf;tmywfoifh\/)
(aqmif) vlred ;f ryifç1 rde;f rxifvsu2f ç ud,
k wf u
G w
f m[k umrrIjzifç jyKap
vdkwkH ç &m*MuHKíç *kPfudkajymbd ç csufcsif;od[k5ç aMumif;&if;
3 4
ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD umryg&dp,d/
5/ oÍö&dwå odu©myk'f
vifr,m;jzpfapvdkaomaMumifh a,mufsm; rdef;rwdkY\tMum;ü
atmifo, G rf jI yKvQif t,kwq
f ;Hk tm;jzifh wpfcPrQaygif;azmfjcif;twGuf
jynfw
h efqmrudak omfvnf; ajymqdq k ufo, G af y;vQif oÍö&w
d å oHCm-
'daooftmywf oifh\/ (y@Kufü atmifoG,frIjyKvQif xkv’pöOf;
tmywf oifh\/)
(aqmif) usm;rESpf&yf vlom;ZmwfwdkY1ç uif;jywfuGJcdkuf atmifoG,f-
xdkufí2ç cdkif;cdkuf0efcH3ç pkHprf;[efESif4hç wpfzefr,Gif;ç jyefajym-
jcif;[k5ç aMumif;&if; ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD oÍö&dwf/
(rSwfcsuf) 0efcHtHh 'kuú#fç 0efcHí pkHprf;tHh xkv’pöOf;ç 0efcHpkHprf;NyD;í
wpfzef jyefaqmifvmtHh oHCm'daoofftmywf oifh\/
6/ uk#dum& odu©myk'f
aqmufvkyfol 'g,um r&Sdí rdrdudk,fwdkif yJcGyf ykqdef paom
vuform;ud&, d mwdu Yk kd iSm;&rf;í aqmufvyk t f yfaom twGi;f bufü
jzpfapç tjyifbufüjzpfapç twGi;f tjyif ESpb f ufv;Hk üjzpfap t*Faw
(odkY) ajrnufjzifh vdrf;usHtyfaom ]uk#Dausmif;i,fudk} rdrdaexdkifzkdY
aqmufvv kd Qif yd;k &G jcyke;f jcaoFh usm; ponfwv Ykd nf; r&S?d aumufyo
J ;D ESH
ponfwdkYvnf; rpdkufysKd;í ab;tEÅ&m,f r&Sdaom ausmif;ywfvnfü
EGm;ESpfaumif uaomvSnf;jzifh vSnfhvnfoGm;vmEdkifavmufatmif
Oypmvnf;&Sad om ausmif;&mudk a&G;cs,ñ f eT Mf um;&ef tvdiYk mS tjcm;-
&[ef;wdu Yk kd rdr&d nf&,
G x
f m;onfh ausmif;aqmufvyk &f ef ausmif;&modYk
yifhaqmif&rnf/
ab;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom t&yfüjzpfap Oypmr&Sdaom t&yfüjzpfap
udk,fwdkifaqmufvkyfvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ ('kuú#fESpfcsuf)
tjcm;&[ef;wduYk v
kd nf; ryifah qmifbvJ suf aqmufvyk í
f jrwf-
pGmbk&m;\ (vufoef;awmf) txGmtm;jzifh tvsm; (12)xGm? teH
twGif;us (7)xGm&Sdaom xdkausmif;\ tBuD;qkH;yrmPxufvnf;
vGefNyD; aqmufvkyfí eH&Htrdk;wdkYudkvnf; t*Fawcsif; ajrnufcsif;
qufpyfrdatmif vdrf;usHaomfvnf;aumif; uk#dum&oHCm'daoof-
tmywf oifh\/
(aqmif) Ov’dwåm'd tp&Sdom; uk#dokH;vkH;1 atmufqkH;yrmP2 ausmif;
Xmevnf; rjyrñTe3f yrmPvGev f su4f rdrw
d u f m5 aexdik &f m
G w
ESi6hf avsmpf mG okwaf v t*Fawajrudçk pyfapr<uif;7 taMumif;-
&if;[k ajcmufcif;ckepfvD avsmfatmifnD oifhNyD uk#du/
(rSwfcsuf) t*Fgckepfyg; &So
d nft
h euf ausmif;&mudk rMum;jcif;? yrmP
vGefjcif; (3+4)t*FgESpfyg;udk Ekwfí usefig;yg;wdkYudk
ausmif;Xme rjyrñTefjcif;ESifhwGJrl t*Fg (6)yg; jzpf\/
oHCm'daoofwpfcsuf oifh\/ yrmPvGefjcif;ESifh wGJrl
t*Fg (6)yg; oHCm'daoofwpfcsuf oifh\/ ESpfyg;vkH;ESifh
wGJrl t*Fg(7)yg; jzpfí oHCm'daoofESpfcsuf ,lonf/
('kuú#fESpfcsuf oHCm'daoofESpfcsufoifhaom odu©myk'f
wnf;/)
7/ 0d[m&odu©myk'f
aqmufvkyfol 'g,um&Sdí twGif;bufüjzpfapç tjyifbufü
jzpfapç twGif; tjyifESpfbufvkH;üjzpfap t*Faw (odkY) ajrnufjzifh
vdrf;usHtyfaom aqmufvkyfol 'g,um&Sdaom ]BuD;aomausmif;}udk
rdrad exdik zf Ydk aqmufvyk af pvdv
k Qif yd;k &G jcyke;f jcaoFh usm;ponfwv Ykd nf;
r&Sd? aumufyJoD;ESHponfwdkYvnf; rpdkufysKd;í ab;tEÅ&m,f r&Sdaom
ausmif;ywfvnfü EGm;ESpaf umif uçaomvSn;f jzifh vSnv hf nfomG ;vm-
Edik af vmufatmif Oypmvnf;&Sad om ausmif;&mudk a&G;cs,ñ f eT Mf um;&ef
tvdkYiSm tjcm;&[ef;wdkYudk rdrd&nf&G,fxm;onfh ausmif;aqmuf&ef
ausmif;&modkY yifhaqmif&rnf/
ab;tEÅ&m,f&adS om t&yfüjzpfapç Oypmr&Sad om t&yfüjzpfap
aqmufvyk af pvQif 'ku#ú t
f mywfoif\ h / tjcm;&[ef;wdu
Yk vkd nf; ryif-h
bJvsuf aqmufvyk af pí eH&t H rd;k wku
Yd vkd nf; t*Fawcsi;f ajrnufcsi;f
qufpyfrdatmif vdrf;usHapvQif 0d[m&um&oHCm'daooftmywf
oifh\/
(rSwcf su)f t*Fgxkw&f mwGif yrmPvGejf cif;rS wpfyg; <uif;aom t*Fg-
wdkYrSm uk#dum&odu©myk'ftwdkif; t*Fg (6)yg; jzpfonf/
(aqmif) uk#dum&ç tifckepf0wGifç yrmPvGefy,fç usefajcmufoG,fç
oifhzG,f 0d[m&/
8/ yxr'k|a'go odu©myk'f
pdwfqdk;onfjzpfí jrifjcif; Mum;jcif; ,kHrSm;jcif;[laom tajc-
tjrpf t&if;rlv r&SdbJvsuf wpfyg;aom &[ef;udk omoemawmfrS
a&GUavsmapjcif;iSm yg&mZdu (19) yg;wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;jzifh pGyfpGJaom
pum;udk tajymcH&aom xdk&[ef; xdkcPü odem;vnfvQif yxr
'k|a'gooHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/
(aqmif) &[ef;rsm;wGif a&wGuf0ifí1 oefYpifool xifrSwf,lvsuf2
trlvu3 or®KcvQi;f pGypf jJG cif;wnf4h csucf si;f od[5k aMumif;&if;
ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD 'ka|mo/
9/ 'kwd,'k|a'go (ac:) tnbm*d, odu©myk'f
pdwfqdk;onfjzpfí rdrdpdwfqdk; tjrifuyfíaeaom &[ef;\
trnfudk tjcm;emrnfwpfckü ajymif;vTJrSnfhac:NyD; trnfwljcif;
ponftaMumif;udk t>rufaxmifí tjcm;ol jyKusiahf om arxket f rI-
wdu
Yk kd xk&d [ef;jyKusio hf nf[k qifw½l ;dk rSm; jyKvyk u
f m xdt
k jrifuyfaom
&[ef;udk omoemawmfrS a&GUavsmapjcif;iSm yg&mZdu(19)yg;wGif
wpfyg;yg;jzifh pGypf v
JG Qif xdck Pü xdt
k ajymcH&aom&[ef; odem;vnf-
vQif 'kw, d 'k|a'goac: tnbm*d, oHCm'daooftmywf oif\ h /
t*Fg (6)yg; - a&SUodum© yk't
f *Fg (5)yg;ü tnbm*d, t"du&P
udÍadö 'o avorwå wpfyg;aom tzd&Yk adS om wpfpw Hk pfcak om t>ruf-
rQ,lí pGyfpGJjcif;[k t*Fgwpfyg;xnfhygu t*Fg (6)yg; jzpf\/
(aqmif) a&SU'kXfa'goç tifig;0wGifç tnbm*dç wnf&m\vQifç udÍöd-
a'oç t>rufrQudkç pGJ,lydkç rSwfvdk 'kwd,ç 'kXfa'go/
okuú0dó|d odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
okufvGwfjcif;[lonf okufaoG;\ rlvae&mrS a&GUavsmjcif;-
wnf;/ ,kwfpGtqkH; okufvGwfapvdkí cg;aumhvQifç vGwfapvdkaom
qE´jzifh t*FgZmwfudk aygifESifh n§yfzdí tdyfvQif a&SUtzdkYü vGwfap-
vdak om qEýgaomaMumifh tdyaf ysmpf Of okuv
f wT af omf oHCm'daoof-
tmywfrS rvGwf[lí odyg/
t*FgZmwfawmifhcdkifjcif; taMumif; (5) yg;
(1) &m*aMumifh awmifch ikd jf cif;ç (2) usiBf u;D pGev
Yf í
kd awmifch ikd jf cif;ç
(3) usifi,fpGefYvdkí awmifhcdkifjcif;ç (4) Opömvd*F ydk;aumifudkufí

awmifch ikd jf cif;ç (5) avwdu
k cf wfonfukd xdrí
d awmifch ikd jf cif;[k (5)rsK;d
&Sd\/
(aqmif) &mç usifESpfaxGç Opömavç cdkifav axmufyhHig;/ (ygVdawmf?154/)
okufa&mif (10) rsKd;
(1) eDv = tndKa&mif? (2) yDw = ta&Ta&mif? (3) avm[dw =
teDa&mif? (4) Mo'gw = tjzLa&mif? (5) wuú = &ufwufa&mif? (6)
awv = qDa&mif? (7) cD& = EdkYa&mif? (8) '"d = EdkY"rf;a&mif? (9) oyÜd =
axmywfa&mif? (10) O'u = a&tqif;a&mif[k okut f a&mif (10)rsK;d
&SdaMumif; a[mawmfrlonf/ (yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?153/)
(aqmif) eDç yDç avmç Mo? wufç awç aESm? cDa&m '"dyg/
oyÜdç 'uH? xnfhwkHjyef? okuúH 'o"m/
cE¨mudk,fwpfckvkH;ü ysHUESHYwnfaom t&mrsm;
(1) bm0½kyf = a,mufsm;tjzpf rdef;rtjzpfudk odapaom ½kyf?
(2) um,yom' = udk,ftMunf"mwf? (3) ZD0dw½kyf = ½kyfudk touf-
&Snaf paom ud,k af pmif"h mwf? (4) okuú = Owkou
k af oG;? (5) avm[dw
= aoG;? (6) ydwå = onf;ajc? tA'önf;ajc? þ (6)yg;wdkYonf
tpdk"mwf&Sdaom cE¨mudk,f\ emusif&mXmerSeforQwdkYü tESHUtjym;
wnf&SdMuonf/
(aqmif) abmç yom' ZD0dw? okuú aoG; onf;ajc/
tpdkum,? &SdorQ? rkcs tESHUae/
okufvTwfESifh okufvGwf
rdrdu apwemvkHYv aMumifhMujyKí aphaqmfwdkufwGef; tm;pdkuf-
ay;jcif;jzifh okufa&GU&Sm;apjcif;onf okufvTwfjcif;[k qdkonf/ rdrd\
apwem aMumifMh uAsmyg& rygbJ rodvu
kd b
f J okuaf &GUoGm;jcif;udk oku-f
vGwfonf[k qdk&rnf jzpfonf/
tmywftqifhqifh oifhykH
okuvf wT jf cif;iSm tm;xkwjf cif; ya,m*ü 'ku#ú ?f aphaqmfí vkv
YH -
jyKtHh xkv’pöOf;? vkHYvjyKí okufvTwftHh okuf\ rlvae&mrS a&GUaptHh?
oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\/
&m* (11) rsKd;jzifh okufvGwfjcif;rsm;
1/ armpeóm'&m* = a&S;tzdkYü okufudk vGwfapvdkaomapwem
xif&Sm;&dSaom okufvTwfjcif;ü om,mjcif;?
«þeHygwf (1)&m*onfom oHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/»
2/ rkwåóm'&m* = okufvGwfNyD;aomtcg om,mjcif;?
3/ arxkeóm'&m* = arxkeftrIü om,mjcif;?
4/ rkpöeóm'&m* = vGwfqJcPü om,mjcif;?
5/ zóom'&m* = tawGUtxdü om,mjcif;?
6/ u@K0Póm'&m* = ,m;em ayG;em azsmufjcif;ü om,mjcif;?
7/ 'óeóm'&m* = ½lyg½kHtqif;jrifjcif;ü om,mjcif;?
8/ edóZÆóm'&m* = rmwk*grESifh twlxdkifaejcif;ü om,mjcif;?
9/ 0gpóm'&m* = ½kefY&if;aompum;udk ajymqdkjcif;ü om,mjcif;?
10/ a*[ódwayr&m* = rdb tpfr ESr aqGrsKd;udk rDSaom cspfjcif;ü
om,mjcif;?
11/ 0eb*Ø,&m* = awmxJrS qGwfcl;í aqmif,lvmaom yef;
opfo;D ponfukd rSí
D jzpfaom om,maom &m*jzifh om,mjcif;wdYk
jzpfMuonf/
þqdck ahJ om aemuf&m* (10)rsK;d jzifh edrw

d üf vkv
YH jyKí okuv
f w
G -f
aomfvnf; okufvGwfvdkaom apwem a&SUu r&Sdrl oHCm'daoof-
tmywf roifh[k odyg/ þtcsufwdkYudk axmuf½Iu oHCm'daoof
tmywfonf tvGefoifhEdkifcJonfudk odyg/
tmywftqkH;tjzwf owdjyKzG,f
oHCm'daooftmywf roifb h J y&d0gof rmewfaqmufwnfvQif
'kuú#ftmywf xyfoifh\/ t*Fg (3)yg;ç &m* (11)yg;wdkYESifh aoao-
csmcsm pdppfygav/ tmywf wu,foifNh y[ D k ,kMH unfpw d cf s&rS omvQif
y&d0gof aqmufwnf ukpm;yg/ rdru d ,kd w
f ikd f rqk;H jzwfEikd vf Qif usr;f wwf
vZÆDyk*¾dKvf\ tMuHÓPftqHk;jzwfudk tjzpfrSefajymjyí cH,lygav/
aemuf odu©myk'frsm; qkH;jzwfvQifvnf; þtwdkif; rSwfyg/
um,oHo*¾ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
(1) &m*pdwfjzifh rdef;rukd um,y#dA'¨jzpfaom oydwfponfjzifh
wGef;tHh? (2) rdef;rudkifaeaom BudK; vufudkifyk0gponfudk qGJtHh? (3)
rdef;rudk,fü 0wfxm;aomt0wf vufaumuf qGJBudK;ponfudkiftHh?
xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/ (4) bDvl;r ewforD; y@Kuf rdef;rvQmwdkYü
&m*pdwjf zifh udik af omf xkvp’ Oö ;f tmywf oif\
h / (5) aoí ud,k af umif-
rysuaf o;aom rde;f rtavmif;udk &m*pdwjf zifh udik v f Qiv
f nf; xkvp’ Oö ;f
tmywf oifh\/
(1) ud,k yf suaf eaom rde;f rtavmif;udk udik t f ?hH (2) &m*pdwjf zifh
rde;f rul;aeaom wHwm;udk vIyt f ?hH (3) &m*pdwjf zifh rde;f rwufaeaom
opfyifudk vIyftHh? (4) rdef;rudk udkiftHh[k vkHYvjyKaomfvnf; rudkifrd
rxdrdbJ &dStHh? (5) trsKd;om;ç wd& pämefwdkYudkaomfvnf; &m*pdwfjzifh
udkiftHh? (6) trdESifh tpfr ESr orD;wdkYudk cspfjcif;jzifh okH;oyfjcif;jyKtHh
'ku#ú tf mywf oif\ h / (7) rmwk*grudk om,mpdwf r&Sb d J wrifouf-
ouf udkifvQifç xdvQifç ykwfvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifhav\/
temywåd tmywfroifhykHrsm;
ajcwdkYudk qkyfe,fí udkifí &Sdcdk;vdkaom rdef;rudkum; wm;jrpf-
tyf\/ ajcudak omfvnf; zk;H vTr;f tyf\/ rwkerf vIyaf omfvnf; aetyf-
\/ q&m0efru aq;xdk;aomtcg aq;vdrf; aq;pnf;ay;aomtcg
rwkerf vIyf aetyf\/ rwkerf vIyaf eaom &[ef;tm; pdwu f om,m-
aomfvnf; tmywfroifh/
qGrf;avmif; qGrf;uyf a&uyf&mü rawmfwq rmwk*grvuf
ponfwjYkd zifh xdrd udik rf í d rdryd a,m* rygbJ pdwx f u
J om,m½krH Qjzifh
oHCm'daooftmywf roifh/ a&epfaeaom rdcifç a&wGif;xJusae-
aom rdcifç tpfrç ESrudyk if vufjzifh rqGrJ udik &f / 0g;vk;H BuKd ;ponfukd
vSrf;ay;í qGJwif u,fq,f&rnf/ vufudk vSrf;qJGyg[k vufvSrf;-
ay;í rajym&/ aMumuftm;veft Y m;jzifh vufukd olUzmom vma&muf
qGJudkif zufwG,fxm;ygrl urf;pyfodkY a&mufatmif ul;cyfvm&rnf/
tmywfroifhay/ rdrd\ um,ya,m* 0pDya,m* rygap&[k odyg/
rde;f r½kyyf Hk "mwfyHk yef;csu
D m; ok;H oyfuikd v
f Qif 'ku#ú ?f &wem (10)yg;?
pyg;rsKd; (7)yg; ponfokH;oyfvQif 'kuú#foifhykHrsm; temrmo'kuú#f
tcef;ü Munfh½Iygav/
'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
'k|KH edódwm 'k|Kv’m? 'k|KH ukpädwbm0H edEéH 0g Ovwd *päwDwd
'k|Kv’m? 'k|Kv’m 0gpm 'k|Kv’0gpm/
½ke&Yf if;onfukd rSaD om pum;? pufqyk t
f yfonf\tjzpfoYkd a&muf-
aom pum;? uJh&JUtyfonf\tjzpfodkYa&mufaom pum;wdkYwnf;/
tusO;f csKyt f m;jzifh 0pör*f yóm0r*f arxkeEf iS phf yfaom pum;rsK;d wdu
Yk kd
qdkonf/
0pör*f yóm0r*fEiS hf pyfaom uJ&h UJ jcif; cs;D rGr;f jcif;[lonf -

odc&PDod = eif[ h m tom;pGe;f xGuaf eonf/ orÇEd mé od = 0pör*fEiS hf
yóm0r*f pyfaeonf/ ObawmAsÍeÆ mod = oifrh mS r*fEpS cf k &So d nf/
þok;H yk'w f o Ykd nf arxke"r®EiS rhf zuf oufouf oHCm'daooftmywf
oifEh ikd u
f ek \
f /
ygVdawmfvm 'k|Kv’0gpm (9) csuf
1/ 0PÖ - 0pör*f yóm0r*fudk &nf&G,fí £w¬dvu©Pm (rdef;r-
trSwfom;) jzpfaom ]]wifhw,faom vu©PmESifh jynfhpkHygay-
w,f}}[k csD;rGrf;jcif;?
2/ t0PÖ - ]]£w¬dvu©Pm (= wifhw,faom vu©Pm)ESifh rjynfhpkH?
ykHrus yef;rus}}[k uJh&JUjcif;?
3/ ,mpe - ]]ightm; arxkef ay;prf;yg? arxkef vSLprf;yg? arxkef
vSLxdkufay;xdkufonf}}[k awmif;jcif;?
4/ tm,mpe - ]]b,fawmhrsm; oif\ rdbu MunfndKNyD; oif\
arxkeu f kd b,fawmhrsm; &yghrvJ}}[k ar;jcif;? ]]b,fenf;jzifh arxke-f
rsm; &rvJ}}[k awmifhwjcif;?
5/ ykpäe - ]]oif\ a,mufsm;udk b,fvdk arxkefay;ovJ}}[k ar;jcif;?
6/ y#dypk eä - }}oif\a,mufsm;tm; arxkeu f kd 'Dv'kd yD Hk ay;w,fr[kw-f
vm;}}[k a&S;½IjyKí ar;jcif;?
7/ tmpduP © - ]]arxkeu f dk b,fvakd y;vQif vifu cspo f vJ}}[kvnf;-
aumif;? rmwk*gru ar;tyfonfjzpfí ]]arxkefudk 'DykH 'Denf;ay;-
vQif vifu cspfw,f}}[k enf;vrf;jy ajymqkdjcif;?
8/ tauúmoe - tedrdwåmod = ]]edrdwfrygwJh aumifr}}[k qJa&;jcif;?
9/ edrdwårwåmod - ]]jynfhjynfhpkHpkH rygbJ edrdwf&mav;rQom ygwJh
aumifr}} ponfjzifh qJa&;jcif;? rmwk*grt*FgZmwfukd ,lí qJa&;-
wkdif;xGmwwfaom &[ef;wdkY owdxm;oifh\/ apmifjcHKvmaom
rdef;rtm; ]]oif\ apmifarG;awG[m wdkovm; &Snfovm;¿}}[k
0pör*f yóm0r*fwu Ykd kd &nfñeT ;f í oG,0f u
dk af om enf;jzifh ar;vQif
xdkcPü rmwk*gru oabmaygufem;vnfvQif oHCm'daoof
tmywf oifh\/ owd&Sdap/
(aqmif) tom;pGe;f xGu?f pyfvsuf r*fae? Asn;f ESpaf xG? qJav oHCm'd/
0pö yóm0? arxke? qdku oHCm'd/ þajcmufyk'frSm? ouf-
oufom? rSwfyg oHCm'd/ t<uif; yk'fpk? arxkeESif?h pyfqdkoifh?
rSwfvifh oHCm'd/
acwfokH;rsKd;ESifh tmywfokH;rsKd; ydkif;jcm;ykH
1/ rmwk*gr\ 0pör*f yóm0r*fwdkYudk &nf&G,fí csD;rGrf;tHh? uJh&JUtHh?
xkdrdef;ru odem;vnfvQif oHCm'daoof? rodem;rvnfvQif
xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/
2/ 0pör*f yóm0r*fwdkYudk MuOfxm;í n§yf½kd;ESpfbufatmuf ykqpf
'l;0ef;ESpfbuftxuf wif &if cg; aygif paom cE¨mudk,fudk &nf-
&G,fí csD;rGrf;tHhç uJh&JUtHh? xdkrdef;ru odem;vnfvQif xkkv’pöOf;?
rodem;rvnfvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/
3/ n§yf½kd;ESpfbuftxuf ykqpf'l;0ef;ESpfbufatmuf rsufESm yg;em;
ajcovkH;om; ponfESifh t0wfwefqm qGJBudK; vufywfem&D
ponfudk &nf&G,fí csD;rGrf;uJh&JUtHh 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/
twåumryg&dp&d, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
twå a em tw¬ m , umryg&d p &d , m twå u mryg&d p &d , m
(tw¬m,yk'f ausaom raZÑavmyDwyÜK&o d ?f rdrt
d usK;d iSm arxkeu
f mr-
jzifh vkyfauR;jcif;Bud,m &ap/)
rde;f rjrKH rwpfa,mufonf om;orD;udk &vdo k jzifh &[ef;wpfyg;xH

enf;vrf;ar;jref;&m arxkev f LS &rnf[k qk\
d / xd&k [ef; oHCm'daoof
tmywfoifh\/
trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufonf vifcspfaq; awmif;aomtcg xdk
&[ef;u arxkeaf y;vSL&rnf[k qd\ k / oHCm'daoof oif\ h / tvm;-
wlyif vScsifaom trsKd;orD;ç csrf;om<u,f0csifaom trsKd;orD;ç
ewfjynfa&mufvakd om trsK;d orD;wdt
Yk m; arxkev
f LS &ef ajymMum;aom
&[ef;tm; oHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/ (&[ef;usifhzG,f? 92/)
oDv0EÅç uvsmP"r®ç jA[®pm&D cGJjcm;csuf
ygPmwdygw t'dEém'ge rkom0g'wdkYrS a&SmifMuOfaomaMumifh
oDv0EÅ*P k çf arxke"r®rS a&SmifMuOfaomaMumifh jA[®pm&D*P k f ESpyf g;pkH
ygPmwdygwponfESifh arxke"r®tm;vkH;wdkYrS a&SmifMuOfaomaMumifh
uvsmP"r®*kPf þodkYaom *kPfwdkYESifh jynfhpkHaom iguJhokdYaom
&[ef;udk arxkeftrIjzifh vkyfauR;jcif; arxkefudk vSLjcif;onf ypönf;
av;yg;wdkYudk vSLwmxuf tusKd;BuD;rm;jcif;aMumif; tjrwfqkH;tvSL
jzpfonf[k qkdvdk\/
oÍö&dwå odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
oÍö&dwåó bma0g oÍö&dwåH? rdef;r a,mufsm;ESpfOD;om;wdkY\
tMum;ü oGm;vdkuf jyefvdkufESifh rdef;r\ pum;udk a,mufsm;xH?
a,mufsm;\ pum;udk rde;f rxH ajymMum;ay;jcif;udk oÍö&w
d å (= atmif-
oG,fonf)[k qdkonf/
]tmyaZÆ,s}um; pum;udk aumif;pGm wm0efcH,lvmjcif;ç pkHprf;-
jcif;ç wpfzef aqmif,v
l mjcif;[laom t*Fgok;H yg; jyKvyk jf cif;udk qdo
k nf/
rdef;r a,mufsm;ESpfOD;om;wkdY\ tMum;ü þt*FgokH;yg;vkH;ESifhnDrl
oHCm'daoof? t*FgESpfyg;jzpfrl xkv’pöOf;? wpfyg;omjzpfrl 'kuú#f[k
odyg/
(aqmif) cH,lpkHprf;? aqmifwef;jcif;jyK? okH;ckt*Fg? jynfhpkHyg? oHCm'd-
aoom/ ESpfyg;t*Fgç xkv’pfom? wpfrSm 'kuú#m/
]wcFPdum,}£w¬dvdifjzifh rdef;r[k jyjcif;onf ed'óeenf;-
wnf;/ 0pövdif jzpfonf/ wpfcPrQ aygif;azmf&ef rdef;rtm;om
ajymMum;vQif tmywfoifo
h nf r[kw?f a,mufsm;tm; ajymaomfvnf;
tmywfoifhonf[k odyg/
tmywftqkH;tjzwf
vifa,mufsm;ESihf pdwqf ;kd í tdrrf S qif;oGm;aom (w&m;0if ruGm-
&Sif;&ao;aom) rdef;rtm; 0rf;ajrmufzG,fpum;udk ajymí vif-
a,mufsm;tdro f Ykd jyefapaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroif[ h k rdeaYf wmfr\l /
þ rdef;rrSm atmifoG,fpum; ajymMum;xdkufaomrdef;r r[kwfaom-
aMumifh tmywfroifjh cif; jzpfonf/ vlo&d iS Mf um; vbufpm;í uGu J mG
jywfpJNyD;aom vifESifh r,m;wdkYtm; atmifoG,fray;oifh? w&m;0if
uGJuGmNyD;aom rdbESpfyg;wkdYudkyif jyefvnfatmifoG,fay;aom om;-
&[ef; þoHCm'daooftmywfrS rvGwf[k odav/
uk#dum&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f
uk#d (3) rsKd; - 1/ Ov’dwåmuk#?d 2/ t0vdwåmuk#d? 3/ Ov’dwåm0-
vdwåmuk#d[k (3)rsKd; jyxm;onf/
1/ Ov’dwåmuk#d - O'¨H rkcH = txufodkY a&S;½I rsufESmrlí/ vdwåm =
t*Faw ajrnufwdkYjzifh okwfvdrf;tyfaom/ uk#d = uk#dwnf;/
twGi;f bufü vdr;f usaH omtcg atmufupNy;D txufoYkd wufí
vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#dudk Ov’dwåmuk#d[k ac:onf/
2/ t0vdwåmuk#d - ta"m rkcH = atmufbufodkY a&S;½IrsufESmrlí?

vdwåm = t*Faw ajrnufwkdYjzifh okwfvdrf;tyfaom? uk#d = uk#d
wnf;/ tjyifbuf vdrf;usHaomtcg txufupNyD; atmufodkY
oufí vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#dudk t0vdwåmuk#d[kac:onf/
3/ Ov’dwåm0vdwåmuk#d - Ov’dwåm0vdwåmuk#d[lonf twGif;tjyif
vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#drsKd;wnf;/
uk#daetdrf jyKvkyfykH
tdE,d´ Ekid if w
H iG f &TUH ap;jzifh vdr;f usaH om uk#d (aetdr)f rsm; aqmuf-
vkyfavh &SdMuonf/ aqmufvkyfykHrSm a&S;OD;pGm opf0g;wdkYjzifh wJykHpH
aqmufí jruftrdk; jruftum jyKvkyf&onf/ &THUudk tap;ayguf-
atmif tBurd Bf urd f e,fNy;D aemuf jruftrd;k ESihf jruftumukd &TUH ap;jzifh
rGr;f rH okwv f rd ;f &onf/ rd;k enf;aom t&yfjzpfrl ESpEf pS çf ok;H ESpf cHonf/
trdk;a&m tumyg t*Fawajrnuf vdrf;usHaumif;aom tk|f-
wdkufç ausmufwkdufç 0g;x&H trdk;tum jruftrdk;tumjyKNyD; t*Faw
wpfzufacsm ESpfzufacsmjzifh aqmufvkyfaom ausmif;i,frsm;rSm þ
odu©myk'fü tusKH;0ifonf/
]avy} t& vdrf;usH&ef ypönf;rsm;
ok"mESihf rwåu
d m t*Faw ajrnuf (2)rsK;d vdr;f usaH Mumif; ypön;f -
tjzpf jyxm;aomaMumifh jymESihf EGm;acs;ponfukd okwvf rd ;f rIrmS þuk#d
jyKvkyf&mü ]avy}trnf r&[k qdkvdkonf/
tmywfoifhç roifh
t*Faw ajrnufwYkd rqufpyfrv d Qif tmywf roif/h rqufpyfr-d
atmif wrif csefxm;onfjzpfap? arhavsmhíjzpfap tenf;i,fcsef-
xm;aomf tmywfroif[ h k rSwyf g/ jywif;ayguf wHcg;ayguf tck;d ayguf
wdkYonf vdrf;usHxkdufaom ae&mrsm; r[kwfMuí xdktaygufwdkYudk
t*Fawajrnuf rqufpyf[k r,l&/
uk#dyrmP
tBuD;yrmP - jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ vufoef;awmftxGmjzifh
tvsm; (12)xGm? teH twGif;us (7)xGmwnf;/ tawmifawmfjzifh
tvsm; (6)awmif? teH (3)awmif wpfxmG jzpfonf/ þum; ygVdawmfü
jyqdkcsufwnf;/
uk#dyrmP t,l0g'trsKd;rsKd;
uk#dyrmPudk rZÑdryk&do (yuwdyk&do) twdkif;twmjzifh jyqdk-
xm;Muonf/
(aqmif) &SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm/
wpfenf; - &SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGm? 'dkYrSm av;xGmcGJ/
þtqdkvuFmt& wGufcsufaomf - tvsm;- jrwfpGmbk&m; (12)
xGm = rZÑdryk&do (36) xGm = yuwdyk&do (54) xGm = (27)awmif?
teH - jrwfpGmbk&m; (7)xGm = rZÑdryk&do (21)xGm = yuwduyk&do
(31)xGm (6)vufopf = (15)awmif (1)xGm (6)vufopf jzpf\/ ay
vufrtm;jzifh - tvsm;ay (40) (6)vufr? teH (22)ay (6) vufr
&Sdonf/ þrQavmuf us,f0ef;aom ausmif;onf onmpdum,uk#d
twGuf Bu;D vGe;f onf[k ,lqoifoh nf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio
f nf wpfyg;-
aeausmif;av;twGuf þrQBu;D rm;us,0f ef;aom ausmif;udk rdeaYf wmf-
rlrnf r[kwfyg/
t|uxm #DumwdkY ,lqykH
Ak'0¨ ift|uxmvm t|m&ó [w¬KaAÁa"mt& (18)awmifjzpf-
atmif wGucf sux f m;MuykH &onf/ bk&m;&Si\
f t&yfawmfonf bk&m;-
&Sif\ tawmifESifh (4)awmifom &Sd&rnf/ rZÑdryk&dotm;jzifh (3)q
wufvQif (4_3 = 12) 12-awmif &Sd&rnf/ þ (12)awmifudk xyfí

acgufcsK;d (6)awmif xnfjh yefvQif igwdYk vlta&twGut
f m;jzifh (18)-
awmif jzpfoifhonf[k MuHqMujcif; jzpfonf/
&wemh*kPf&nf tqdk
awmifNrKd Ur[m*E¨m½kq H &mawmf t&SiZf eumbd0o
H a&;om;awmf-
rlaom &wemh*kPf&nf pmtkyfü bk&m;&Sif\ t&yfawmfonf yuwd
vlwEYkd iS hf tvGeBf u;D ruGmjcm;aMumif; 0w¬Kom"u Zmwfvrf;taMumif;-
t&m oufao (15)ckrQ jyqdx k m;ygonf/ t|m&ó [w¬KaAÁa"mud-k
vnf; (18)awmif r[kwf? (18)rdkuf ,lqoifhonf xifaMumif; rdefYqdk
awmfrlxm;ygonf/
tjcm;EdkifiHrsm; ,lqcsuf
oD[kdVf (oD&dvuFm)? ,kd;',m; (xkdif;)? uarÇm'D;,m;? w½kwf?
xkid 0f rfponfwüYkd bk&m;&Si\ f t&yfawmf (18)rdu k f = (6)awmif = (9)ay
&Sdonf[k ,lqMuaMumif; avhvmod&dS&onf/ xdk (9)ayudk vufrzGJU-
aomf (9_12 = 108)? (108) vufrudk (4)awmifEiS hf pm;aomf (1)awmif
(27)vufrç (2)xGmESiphf m;aomf (1)xGmrSm (13)vufrcGJ &So d nf/ ok;H rdu
k f
= wpfawmif jzpfí (27)udk (3)ESiphf m;aomf (9)&í wpfru kd rf mS (9)vufr
jzpfonf/ ,if;odq Yk akd omf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f wpfxmG onf (13)vufrcG?J
wpfru kd o
f nf (9)vufr &So d nf[k odEikd yf gonf/ t&yfawmfum; (9)ay
jzpfonf/
jyqdkcJhaom enf;t& uk#dyrmP
uk#dtvsm; (13)ay (6)vufr? teH (7)ay (10)vufrcGJ&Sdrnf
jzpfonf/ ,if;odq
Yk akd omf anmifapmif;ukwif xm;avmuf½oHk momrQ
jzpfí onmpdum,uk#id ,f[al om pum;ESihf oifah vsmrf nf[k xifjrif
,lqygaMumif; wifjytyfygonf/ ouFe;f awmfyrmP anmifapmif;ajc
t&Snyf rmPwdu Yk vkd nf; þenf;jzifh ,lqaomf oifah vsmrf nf[k xif-
jrifí xkdodu©myk'frsm; jyqdk&m t"dyÜm,fcef;ü Munfh½Iyg&ef odaptyf
ygonf/
om&rÇ - yd;k &Gjcyk;H paom ab;&ef (13)yg;ç aumufcif; yJcif;paom
tEÅ&m,f (16)yg;wdkYudk yg&mZduPfygVdawmf (226)ü Munfh½Iyg/
tusOf;rSwf&ef ab;&ef (13) yg;
(aqmif) ydk; cs <uuf a>r uif;ESpfaxG? oDa[ qif jrif; usm;/
opf 0H atmif;axG tjrJae? a&Smifav q,fhokH;yg;/
owå0goem; a&SUajcmufyg;ay? <uif;ba,? uif;ap y,fí-
xm;/ (6 + 7 = 13)
(rSwfcsuf) uif;ESpfaxG = uif;ajcrsm;ESifh uif;NrD;aumufwnf;/
ausmif;raqmuftyfaom t&yf (16) yg;
1/ aumufcif;? 2/ yJcif;? 3/ ok;H q,fEh pS yf g;aom ur®u&PjyK&m
t&yf? 4/ vufajcponfudk jzwf&mt&yf? 5/ BuD;pGmaom okomef?
6/ O,smOf? 7/ rif;tdr?f 8/ qifwif;uky?f 9/ jrif;wif;uky?f 10/ aESmif-
tdrf? 11/ aowif;ukyf? 12/ tdrfaps;? 13/ c&D;okH;ckwdkY\ tqkH? 14/
c&D;av;ckwdkY\ tqkH? 15/ obifudk rSDjcif;? 16/ xkwfcsif; xGif;aom
toGm;tjyef oGm;aumif;aom c&D;vrf;rudk rDjS cif;/ þum; ausmif;r-
aqmufaumif;aom t&yf (16)yg;wnf;[lí ygwdarmu©0dedpä,u
rdefYqdk\/ (0denf;Oya'awmfBuD;?16/)
(aqmif) aumufyJcdk;ol? owf&mvl? rSwf,l okomefig;? trJ qif jrif;
aowif; av;ck? vrf;okH;ck? oçO-udk;ckxm;? rif;aESmiftdrf'Gd
rSD&mbd aygif;od q,fhajcmufyg;/
]o} um; obif? ]O}um; O,smOfwdkYwnf;/

okomef (5) ck - (1) okH;q,fhESpfyg;aom ur®u&PjyK&mt&yf?
(2) vufajcponf jzwf&mt&yf? (3) Ouú| (4) rZÑKH (5) rk'k - [lí
okomef 5-yg;wdkYwnf;/
vrf; (3) ck - 1/ xkwfcsif; rxGif;aom vrf;? 2/ xkwfcsif;xGif;-
aom vrf;? 3/ vrf;qkHvrf;r - wdkYwnf;/
om& rÇESifh ty&duúre'kuú#f (2) csuf
ab;&eftEÅ&m,f&Sdjcif;ç ausmif;\ ywf0ef;usifü EGm;ESpfaumif
uaom vSn;f jzifh oGm;vmp&m Oypmr&Sad om ae&mjzpfjcif; þESpcf suf
aMumifh 'kuú#ftmywf (2)csuf oifh\/ tvsm; (12)xGm? teH (7)xGm
bk&m;&Sif txGmawmfjzifh yrmPausmfvGefjcif;ç ausmif;XmeñTefjy&ef
&[ef;wdkYudk ryifhaqmifjcif;aMumifh oHCm'daoof (2)csuf oifh\/
(aqmif) ty&duúre? om&rÇ? ESpf0 'kuú#fod/
yrmPmwd? ta'od? ,if;'Gd oHCm'd/
0d[m&um& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
r[EÅç r[v’ç r[v’u[k 0d[m&t"dyÜm,f (3)rsKd; &Sd\/
1/ r[EÅ = BuD;aom ausmif;wnf;/
2/ r[v’ = j'yftxl;udk jywwfaom BuD;aom *kPfxl;wnf;/
3/ r[v’u = oH,mpdwuk#x d ufBu;D aom aqmufvyk o f l 'g,um
&Sdaom *kPfxl;&Sdaom ausmif;wnf;/
þü aqmufvkyfol'g,um&Sdjcif;ç oH,mpdwuk#dxuf yrmP
BuD;Edkifjcif;ç *kPfESpfrsKd;&Sdjcif;aMumifh r[v’u[k ac:onf/
0d[& EÅd {w¬mwd 0d[ma&m ma&m? £&d,mykxaf v;yg;wdjYk zifh &[ef;wd\Yk
ae&m ]Ov’dwå}paom ausmif; (3)rsKd;udk &ap/
uk#dESifh 0d[m& txl;
aqmufvkyfol'g,um ydkif&Sif r&Sdrl uk#d[k ac:onf/ ydkif&Sif &Sdrl
0d[m&[k ac:onf[k txl;odyg/
(aqmif) ydkif&Sifr&Sd uk#dac:&? ]&Sif}&Sdu ac:Mu 0d[m&m/
yxr'k|a'go odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
]'ka|m} ]a'gaom} ]tyÜwDawm} (3) yk'f t& ------
1/ 'loD,wDwd 'ka|m = rdrd\ oEÅmefü jzpfay:vmaom a'goonf
zsufqD;tyfaom a'gojzpfaeaom yk*¾dKvfudk &ap/ xdka'go
tzsuq f ;D cH&í pdwq f ;kd jcif; wpfrsK;d wnf;om jzpfaeaom yk*Kd¾ vu f kd
]'k|}[k ac:onf/
2/ 'laowd y&H 0demaowDwd a'gaom = olwpfyg;udk zsufqD;wwf-
aom a'goudk &ap/
a'gaom tó tw¬Dwd a'gaom (tów¬d w'¨dwfqifh) = a'go
&Sdoludk &ap/ rdrdoEÅmefü a'gojzpfay:vmonf&Sdaomf xdka'go-
onf rdrdudkom zsufqD;onf r[kwf? a'go&Sdolonf olwpfyg;udk-
vnf; EdyS pf ufzsuq f ;D wwf\/ xdaYk Mumifh a'go&So d u
l vkd nf; a'go[k
ac:onf/
þodum© yk'üf yk*Kd¾ vw f pfa,mufwnf;udyk if zsuq f ;D jcif;cH&aom
tjcif;t&mukd pGí J ]'k|}? olwpfyg;udk zsuq f ;D wwfaom tjcif;t&mudk
pGí
J ]a'go}[k tjcif;t&mxl;aomtm;jzifh ]'k|-a'go}[laom trnf-
ESpfrsKd; wyfí a[mawmfrlonf[k odyg/
3/ ywdrck H £awm *awmwd ywDawm = yDwod ck wdYk a&S;½I uyfa&muf-
tyfaom &[ef;udk &ap/ e ywDawm tyÜwDawm = yDwdokcwdkY
a&S;½I ruyfa&muftyfaom &[ef;udk &ap/ a'gopdwf jzpfaecdkuf
a'go\ qefYusifbufjzpfaom yDwdokcwdkYonf xdk&[ef;\ pdwf–

tpOfodkY a&S;½I ruyfa&mufbJaeonfudkyif ]tyÜww
D }[k qdo
k nf/
arwåmpdwf uif;aom&[ef; [l\/
okH;yk'fvHk; qkdxm;awmfrljcif;
]'ka|m}paom wpfcw k pfcak om yk'jf zifyh if ]ok'}¨ [k rSwx f ifjcif;t*Fg
jyEdik yf gvsuf ]]'ka|m a'gaom tyÜwaD wm}}[k ok;H yk'v f ;Hk udk qdjk cif;onf
(1) a'oem0dvmo? (2) a0ae,sZÑmo, y'w¬KwdwdkY\ tpGrf;jzifh
qdkawmfrlonf/
rlvç rlvuç trlvç trlvu (4) rsKd; cGJykH
1/ rlv = jrifjcif; Mum;jcif; ,kHrSm;jcif;?
2/ rlvu = jrifjcif; Mum;jcif; ,krH mS ;jcif;&Sad om yg&mZdutmywf?
3/ trlv = rjrifjcif; rMum;jcif; r,kHrSm;jcif;?
4/ trlvu = rjrifjcif; rMum;jcif; r,kHrSm;jcif;&Sdaom yg&mZdu-
tmywf[k cGJyg/
]rlv}ESifh ]trlvu}
rlvEÅd ywdX[EÅd {w¬mwd rlvH = yg&mZdujzifh pGyfpGJ&ef wnf&m-
tajctjrpfjzpfaom 'd| = jrifjcif;? okw = Mum;jcif;? y&douØw =
,krH mS ;oHo,&djS cif;wdu
Yk kd &ap? trlvu = ew¬d rlvH {wómwd trlv-
uH = 'd| okw y&douØw[k qdt k yfaom tajctjrpf r&Sad om yg&mZdu
tmywfudk &ap/
rlvu (3) rsKd;
1/ 'd|rlvu = yg&mZduusaom &[ef;udk rdr\ d yom'pu©Kjzifjh zpfap?
'dAÁpu©Kjzifhjzpfap udk,fwdkif jrifjcif;wnf;/
2/ okwrlvu = wpfpkHwpfa,mufu ajymqdkaompum;udk rdrd\
yom'aomwjzifhjzpfap? 'dAÁaomwjzifhjzpfap udk,fwdkifMum;jcif;-
wnf;/
3/ y&douØwrlvu = rmwk*grESifh arSmifrdkufxJrSm aeonfudkawGUí
yg&mZdutrI jyKavoavm[k pdwfjzifh ,kHrSm;awG;awmjcif;wnf;/
trlvu (3) rsKd;
'd|trlvuç okwtrlvuç y&douØwtrlvu[k ok;H rsK;d jym;\/
t"dyÜm,fudk rlvurS tjyeftm;jzifh ukd,fwkdifrjrifjcif;ç rMum;jcif;ç
r,kHrSm;jcif;[lí tjyeftm;jzifh odyg/
(aqmif) 'd|ç okw? ouØw? okH;0 rlvum/ xdkrS jyefx? trlv? okH;0
odavyg/ 'd|f okç rkw þokH;0? wdu jym;onfom/
yg&mZdu (19) yg;
a&SUü jyqdkcJhaom yg&mZdu (24)yg;wdkYwGif bdu©KeDrwdkYESifhom
oufqdkifaom yg&mZdu (5)yg;ukd Ekwfí usefyg&mZdu (19)yg;wdkYom
þodu©myk'fü yg&mZdu (19)yg;[k qdkonf/ y'bmZeDü av;yg;om
jyqdkonf/
apm'em (4) yg;
1/ 0w¬KoE´óeapm'em = oifonf arxke"r®rIudk rSD0Jonf/ þodkY
0w¬Kudk jyí apm'emjcif;/
2/ tmywådoE´óeapm'em = oifonf arxke"r®yg&mZdutmywf-
odkY a&mufonf/ þodkY tmywfudk jyí apm'emjcif;/
3/ oH0goy#dau©yapm'em = oifESifhwuG Oykofy0g&Pmpaom
oHCuHwkdYukd rjyKEkdif[k aygif;azmfjcif;udk y,fí apm'emjcif;/
þrQavmuf qd½k jHk zifh apm'em&m a&muf\/ oHCm'daooftmywf-
um; roifhao;ay/ ]oifonf arxke"r®udk rSD0Jonf}[lívnf;-

aumif;ç ]&[ef; r[kwfawmhí oifESifh raygif;azmfEdkif}[lívnf;-
aumif; þodkY 0w¬KESifhtmywf pyfí ajymrSom oHCm'daoof
tmywf oifhonf/
4/ omrdpdy#dau©yapm'em = &Sdcdk;jcif;paom t½kdaojyKrIusifh0wfudk
y,fí apm'emjcif; þ&Sdcdk;jcif;ponf rjyK½kHrQjzifh apm'em&mom
a&muf\/ tmywf roifhao;? ]]oifonf wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYudk
&Scd ;kd ygvsuf ighukd tb,fah Mumifh &Srd cd;k ygoenf;}}[k ar;aomf ]]oif-
onf arxkefrSD0Jí &[ef; r[kwfaomaMumifh &dSrcdk;}} þodkY ponf
ajymrS oHCm'daooftmywf oifhonf/
jA[®p&d,H pma0,sEÅd
jA[®H ao|H p&d,H jA[®p&d,H = jrwfaom tusifhjzpfaom
omoemawmfukd &ap? wpfenf; - jA[®meH p&d,H jA[®p&d,H = jrwfaom
bk&m;ç yapöuAk'g¨ ç om0uponfw\ Ykd tusijhf zpfaom omoemawmf-
udyk if &ap/ þ0gusjzifh p0em"dymÜ ,udk ,lí <uif;t"dymÜ , (7)yg;ukd
y,fonf/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?130/)
t"dyÜm, (8) yg;
1/ p0em"dyÜm, = jrwfaom omoemawmfwnf;[laom tusifhrS
(0g) jrwfaombk&m;ç yapöuAk'¨gç om0uwdkY\ tusifhrS a&GUavsm
apvdkjcif;?
2/ tauúmom"dyÜm, = qJa&;vdkaom &[ef;\ tvdk?
3/ ur®m"dyÜm, = wZÆeD,paom uH (7)yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;jyKtHh[k
tmywfjzifh apm'emaom &[ef;\ tvdk?
4/ 0k|mem"dyÜm, = tmywfrS xapjcif;iSm tmywfjzifh apm'emaom
&[ef;\ tvdk?
5/ OaygoxXyem"dyÜm, = Oykofudk oHCmjyKjcif;iSm ray;vdkojzifh
6/ y0g&PmXyem"dymÜ , = y0g&Pmudk oHCmjyKjcif;iSm ray;vdo k jzifh
7/ tEk0ZÆem"dyÜm, = 0denf;"dk&f\ pkHprf;ar;jref;aom tvdk?
8/ "r®uxm"dyÜm, = "r®uxdu w&m;a[mjyvdkaom tvdk? (0g)
w&m;a[mvdkjcif;?
<uif; (7)yg; 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
(aqmif) a&GUap qJvdk? uHjyKvdk? xvdk tmywfrS/ Oykofudkwm;? y0gwm;?
ar;jim; w&m;jy/ a&GUap,ljim;? <uif;y,f&Sm;? &Spfyg; "dyÜm,/
'kwd,'k|a'go (ac:) tnbm*d, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f
(1) tntyg'gef? (2) tnbm*? (3) tnbm*d,? (4) tn-
bm*d,t"du&P[k av;rsKd; vm&Sd\/
1/ tntyg'gef = vlZmwf&[ef;tjzpfwnf;?
2/ tnbm* = wd&pämeffZmwf qdwfzdktjzpfwnf;?
3/ tnbm*d, = tnbm*\Opöm (tnbm*ESifh pyfaomt&m)?
¤if;rSm qdwfowå0g jzpfonf/
4/ tnbm*d,t"du&P = 'AÁrv’ykwå[laom trnfynwf\-
wnf&m qdwfzdkowå0gjzpfonf[lí (4)rsKd; cGJxm;onf/
tw¬KyÜwfZmwfvrf;tusOf;
arwåd, blrZu&[ef;av;yg;wdkYonf yxrtBudrf &[EÅm-
t&Si'f AÁukd yg&mZdutmywfjzifh pGypf &JG mü oHCmhtv,fac:í bk&m;&Sif
ppfaq;awmfrl&m t½IH;BuD; ½IH;cJhonf/ wpfaeYusvQif tEdkif&atmif
xyfrH pGyfpGJrnf[k tm;cJxm;Mu\/
tcgwpfyg; arw¬d,ESifh blrZu&[ef;wdkYonf *dZÑuk#fawmif-

ay:rS qif;oufvmpOf qdwzf jkd zL wpfaumifu qdwrf wpfaumiftm;
arxkefrSD0Jaeonfudk awGU&í qdwfzdkudk 'AÁrv’ykwå[k trnfay;í
qdwfrudk arwåd,mbdu©KeDr[k trnfay;xm;Muavonf/ &[ef;cH-
aomtcg &[ef;avmif;udk em*? OyZÑm,f q&mudk wdó[k trnf
ay;í ur®0gzwfouJo h Ykd enf;,lMu[efwo l nf/ ,ckwpfBurd w
f iG f olwYkd
udk,fwdkif 'AÁrv’ykwåESifh arwåd,mbdu©KeDrwdkY arxkefrSD0Jaeonfudk
jrifawGU&aMumif;jzifh pGyfpGJMujcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh þodu©myk'fudk
ynwfawmfrl&jyefavonf/
þü qdwfzdkESifh qdwfrwdkYonf 'AÁrv’ykwå arwåd,mbdu©KeDr[l-
aom emrnfrsm;\wnf&m t"du&PjzpfaMumif;ç emrnf[&l mü Zmwd
emrnf (cwåd,)? a*gwåemrnf (a*gwr)? emremrnf ('AÁ+ arwåd,m)
ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd; &Sdonf/
udÍöda'oH avorwåHü a'oESifh avo
1/ 'dówD = ñTefjytyf\/ £wd = xdkYaMumifh/ a'aom = a'ornf-
\/ þ]a'o}onf Zmwdemrç a*gwåemr paomtm;jzifh (10)yg;
&Sd\/
2/ vdówd = tjcm;0w¬Kudkvnf; Niduyfwwf\/ £wd = xkdYaMumifh/
avaom = ]avo}rnf\/ Zmwdemr a*gwåemr paomtm;jzifh
(10)yg;yifwnf;/ a'oESifh avoum; o'´gom xl;onf? teuf
w&m;udk,f wlnD\/ ]avo}um; ]a'o}\ y&d,m,frQom jzpf-
onf/
(aqmif) Zmwd-emr? a*gwå-vd*F? tmywå? ywå-pD0&m/
OyZÑm,m p&d,mESihf aoemoe aygif;'o? avo rSwu
f ek &f m/
a'o &vnf;? ,if;q,fwnf;? xl;NyD; r&Sd&m/
10/ oHCab'odu©myk'f
wpford xf üJ nDñw G af eaom oHCmudk ab'u&0w¬K (18)yg;jzifh
oHCmuGJjym;atmif tm;xkwfvQif xdk&[ef;udk jrifukef Mum;ukefaom
&[ef;wdo Yk nf ]]oHCmuGjJ ym;atmif tm;rxkwyf gESi}hf }[k wm;jrpf&rnf/
(jrifMum;ygvsuf rwm;jrpf rajymqdkukefjim;tHh? 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/)
xdkodkY wm;jrpfajymqdktyfygvsuf a&S;twdkif;yif rdrd\ t,l0g'udk
cs;D ajrm§ ufaeao;tH?h xd0k g'udk pGev
Yf w T af tmif xd&k [ef;udk tjcm;&[ef;-
rsm;u Úwåpd wkwu ¬ r®0gpmjzifh orEkbmoeuH jyK&rnf/ xdo k rEkbm-
oeuH jyKí rNy;D cif xd0k g'udk pGev Yf wT vf u
kd v
f Qif oHCm'daooftmywf
roifhzkdY taMumif;jzpfí aumif;ay\/ rpGefYvQifum; okH;Budrfajrmuf
ur®0gpm tqkH;ü xdk&[ef;tm; oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\/
tmywftqifhqifh oifhykHrsm;
oHCmoif;cG½J Hk oif;cGt J hH 'ku#ú ?f Úwftqk;H üvnf; 'ku#ú ?f ur®0gpm
(2)Burd t
f qk;H ü xkvp’ Oö ;f ESpcf su?f ok;H Burd af jrmuf ur®0gpmzwfonf\
tqkH;ü xdkt,ludk rpGefYvQif oHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/
a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ Nidrf;aysmufaom tmywf
okH;Budrfajrmufur®0gpmtqkH;ü oHCm'daoofodkY a&mufaom
&[ef;tm; ÚwftqkH;ü oifhaom 'kuú#f? ur®0gpmESpfBudrftqkH;ü
oifhaom xkv’pöOf;tmywfESpfcsufwdkYonf a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ
Nidrf;aysmufukef\[k rSwfom;&m\/
(aqmif) oHCmuGJrI vkHYvjyKí1 orEkbmoeH "r®uHwnf;2 ur®0gpm
NyD;qkH;&m0,f3 jrJpGm,lvsOf;? rpGefYjcif;[k4 aMumif;&if;av;vD
t*FgnD? oifhNyD ab'u/
11/ ab'gEk0wåu odu©myk'f

oHCmuGJjym;atmif vkHYvjyKaom &[ef;\ t,l0g'udk wpfyg;
ESpfyg;ukefaom &[ef;wdkYonf twkvdkufí usifhMuukef\/ xdk&[ef;-
wdkYu tjcm;&[ef;wdkYtm; ]]t&SifwdkY ..xdk&[ef;tm; wpfpkHwpfckrQ
rqdkukefvifh? xdk&[ef;onf "r®udkvnf; qdkavh&dS\? 0denf;udkvnf;
qdak vh&\ dS / igwd\
Yk axmufccH sut f wdik ;f olonf qd\ k / igwdoYk nfvnf;
xdkt,ludk ESpfoufMuukef\}}[k qdkukefMu\/
xdk&[ef;wdkYudk tjcm;&[ef;wdkYu ]]t&SifwdkY ... þodkY rqdkukef-
vifh? xdk&[ef;onf "r®udkvnf; qdkavhr&Sd? 0denf;udkvnf; qdkavhr&Sd?
t&SifwdkYonfvnf; oHCmawmf\ uGJjym;jcif;udk rESpfouftyfukef?
t&SifwdkYonf oHCmawmfESifh oabmcsif; nDñGwfukefavmh? nDñGwf-
jcif;\ tusKd;um; nDñGwfaom oHCmawmfonf jiif;ckHjcif; r&Sdí
tnDtñGwf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh wlaom ygwdarmufjyvsuf
csrf;ompGm ae&m\}}[k ajymqdk&rnf/
ESpBf urd af jrmuf ok;H Burd af jrmuf ajymqd&k rnf/ tu,fí xdt k ,lukd
pGeuYf ek jf im;tH?h xdok pYkd eG jYf cif;onf aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGeu Yf ek jf im;thH
'ku#ú tf mywfoif\ h / (Mum;vsuf rajymqdu k ek jf im;tHh 'ku#ú )f xd&k [ef;-
wdkYudk oHCmtv,fodkY ac:aqmifí xyfrHajymqkd&rnf/ xkdt,ludk
pGefYjim;tHh aumif;\/ rpGefYvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyef\/
xdaYk emuf oHCmawmfwu Ykd Úwåpd wkwu ¬ r®0gpmjzifh orEkbmoe-
uH jyK&rnf/ qk;H rí t,lukd pGeMYf uvQif aumif;\/ t,ludk rpGeMYf uvQif
okH;Budrfajrmuf ur®0gpmtqkH;ü xdkaemufvdkuf&[ef;wdkYtm; ab'gEk-
0wåu oHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/
(rSwfcsuf) ESpyf g; ok;H yg;xuftvGef aemufvu kd &f [ef;rsm; jzpfaevQif
wpfaygif;wnf; rqkH;rtyf? ESpfyg;pD okH;yg;pD cGJí qdkqkH;r
&rnf/
(aqmif) oHCmcGo J Ul aemufvu kd rf EI iS 1hf ? orEkbmoeH "r®uw H nf;2? ur®-
0gpm Ny;D qk;H &m0,f3? jrpJ mG ,lvQi;f rpGejYf cif;[k4? aMumif;&if;av;-
wef tifnDjyef? oifh&ef tEk0wåu/
oHCab'uuH - oHCmukd toif;tpk uGo J mG ;atmif cGjJ cm;rIjyK-
aom uHwnf;/ yÍömeEÅ&d,uHBuD;ig;yg;wGif yg0ifonf/ rdbwdkYudk
taoowfaom uHuJhodkYyif aovGefNyD;aemufb0ü {uefrkcs i&JokdY
usa&muf&aom uHBuD; jzpfonf/
oHCmuGJjym;aMumif; ab'u&0w¬K (18) yg;
1/ ukovur®yx"r® (10)yg;udk t"r®[k jyjcif;?
2/ tukovur®yx"r® (10)yg;udk "r®[k jyjcif;?
3/ 0de,udk t0de,[k jyjcif;?
4/ t0de,udk 0de,[k jyjcif;?
5/ jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;tyfaom bmodwudk tbmodw[k jyjcif;?
6/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mMum;tyfaom tbmodwukd bmodw[k
jyjcif;?
7/ bk&m;&Sif\ tavhtusifh tmpdPÖudk tempdPÖ[k jyjcif;?
8/ bk&m;&Sif\ tavhtusifh r[kwfaom tempdPÖudk tmpdPÖ[k
jyjcif;?
9/ bk&m;&Sifynwfawmfrltyfaom ynwåudk tynwå[k jyjcif;?
10/ bk&m;&Sif rynwfawmfrltyfaom tynwåudk ynwå[k jyjcif;?
11/ tmywfoifha&mufaom tmywådudk temywåd[k jyjcif;?
12/ tmywfroifha&mufaMumif; temywådudk tmywåd[k jyjcif;?
13/ ayghyg;aom v[ktmywfudk av;aom *½kutmywf[k jyjcif;?
14/ av;aom *½kutmywfudk aygYaom v[kutmywf[k jyjcif;?
15/ ukpm;í t<uif;&Sdaom om0aootmywfudk te0aootm-

ywf[k jyjcif;?
16/ ukpm;ít<uif;r&Sad om te0aootmywfukd om0aootm-
ywf[k jyjcif;?
17/ ½kefY&if;aom 'k|Kv’tmywfudk t'k|Kv’tmywf[k jyjcif;?
18/ r½kefY&if;aom t'k|Kv’tmywfudk 'k|Kv’tmywf[k jyjcif;[lí
ab'u&0w¬K (18)yg; jzpfonf/
(aqmif) "r®-0de,? bmodw? pdPÖ-ynwåH/
tmywf-v[ku 'k|Kv’? om0aoorSef/
wpfq,fh&Spfck? uGJjym;rI? 0w¬Kudk;'kuf&ef/
odu©myk'f (3) yg;vm ]t"du&P} o'´g (3) yg; txl;
yxr'k|a'goodu©myk'fü t"du&Pum; yg&mZdutmywf[l-
aom tmywåm"du½kPf;udk a[monf/ 'kwd,'k|a'goodu©myk'fü
t"du&Pum; 'AÁrv’ykwå[laom trnfynwf\wnf&m qdwfzdk
owå0gj'yfudk a[monf/ þoHCab'uodu©mykk'fü t"du&Pum;
oHCmuGJjym;jcif;\ ab'u&0w¬K (18)yg;aom taMumif;udk a[m-
onf/ þodkY tmywfç wnf&mç taMumif;udk a[maMumif; cGJjcm;odyg/
(aqmif) tmywfç wnf&m? aMumif;a[myg? okH;jzm t"du&P/
jrifukefMum;ukefaom&[ef;wYdk\ wm0ef
jrifuek Mf um;ukeaf om &[ef;wdo Yk nf oHCmoif;cGaJ eaom &[ef;-
&S&d m t,kwq f ;Hk ,lZem0uf (0g) ESp*f g0kwrf Qvnf;jzpfaom a0;uGmaom
c&D;odYk ud,
k w f ikd of mG ;í ]rm,o®m} paom pum;tpOfjzifh qdí k wm;jrpf
qkH;r&rnf/ jrifvsufMum;vsuf udk,fwdkifoGm;í rqdkqkH;ru 'kuú#f?
wrefapíjzpfapç pmay;íjzpfap ajymqdkqkH;raom &[ef;tm;vnf;
udk,fwdkifoGm;onf r[kwfaomaMumifh tmywfrS rvGwf/
oHCmoif;cGJrI ed'gef;
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siof nf &mZN*Kd [jf ynf a0VK0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;
ok;H awmfrpl Ofu jzpf&yf jzpfonf/ a'0'wf&[ef;onf ol\ rdwaf qGrsm;
jzpfMuaom aumumvduç u#arm'uwdóç ork''´ wåwEYkd iS hf wdik yf if
n§Ed idI ;f í jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\
f tmPmpufukd ysujf ym;ap&ef oHCm*dP k ;f -
tkyfpk uGJjym;ap&ef MuHpnftm;xkwfMuavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif cGifhjyKawmfrrlEkdifonfh tcsufBuD; (5)csufufdk
avQmufxm;awmif;cHavonf/ xdktcsufBuD; (5)csufonf vmbf-
vmb tjcHt&H tausmftapm *kPfowif;BuD;rm;vdkolwdkYtwGuf
tvGeaf umif;aom tcsurf sm;yif jzpfMuonf/ t&Sed t f 0g *kPo f wif;
tausmt f apmwdu
Yk kd vdv
k m;aom pdwx f m;jzifh xkt
d usirhf sm;ukd usiyhf gu
rdpmä ZD0jzpfaomaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sio f nf þuJoh Ykd vdvk m;í usi-hf
onfrsm;udk pufqkyfawmfrlonf/
t&Sifa'0'wf awmif;qkdaom tcsufBuD; (5) csuf
1/ &[ef;rsm;onf toufxufqkH; awm&ausmif;ü aeMu&rnf/
&GmeD;ausmif;üaeaom &[ef;tm; tjypf'Pf owfrSwfawmfrlyg/
(tm&nu*F"kwif)
2/ &[ef;rsm;onf toufxufq;Hk qGr;f cHvn S v
hf nfí &aomqGr;f ud-k
om pm;&rnf/ yifhzdwfvSLaomqGrf;ç ydkYaomqGrf;udk pm;okH;aom
&[ef;tm; tjypf'Pf owfrw S af wmfryl g/ (yd@ygwf"wk if)
3/ &[ef;rsm;onf vlwYkd pGeyYf pfxm;aom t0wfouFe;f (yHou k o
l uFe;f )
udk toufxufq;Hk 0wf½MHk u&rnf/ 'g,umwdYk vSLaom ouFe;f udk
0wf½kHaom &[ef;tm; tjypf'Pf owfrSwfynwfawmfrlyg/
(yHokul"kwif)
4/ &[ef;rsm;onf toufxufqkH; opfyif&if;rSmaeí ½ku©rl"kwif

usifhokH;aexdkif&rnf/ ausmif;taqmuftOD; twGif;ü aeaom
&[ef;tm; tjypf'PfowfrSwf ynwfawmfrlyg/ (½ku©rl"kwif)
5/ &[ef;rsm;onf toufxufqkH; tom;ç ig; pm;jcif;udk a&SmifMuOf-
&rnf/ tom;ig; pm;okH;aom &[ef;tm; tjypf'PfowfrSwf
ynwfawmfrlyg/ (oufowfvGwf? ab;rJh)
þtcsuBf u;D (5)csuw f o Ykd nf udavom enf;yg;jcif;\taMumif;?
a&mifh&JvG,fjcif; tvdkqE´ enf;yg;jcif;\taMumif; jzpfygonf[k
avQmufxm;avonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ]]cspo
f m;a'0'wf þ tcsuf
wdu
Yk kd usiv
hf akd omolrsm; usio hf ;Hk Mu&ef igbk&m; cGijhf yKawmfrNl y;D jzpfonf/
þodYk tjypf'Pfowfrw S f ynwf&efum; roifah vsmaf cs}}[k a'0'wf-
&[ef;\ avQmufxm;csufudk y,fjrpfawmfrlonf/
a'0'wf&[ef;onf arQmv f ifx
h m;onft h wdik ;f bk&m;&Six f rH S jiif;-
y,fru I kd &&Sad omtcg bk&m;&Sit f eD;rS xGucf mG vmí ]]&[ef; a*gwr-
onf &[ef;rsm; usifhokH;&ef tvGefaumif;rGefonfh tusifh (5)rsKd;udk
cGirhf jyK? igwdo Yk nf aumif;jrwfaom tusihf (5)rsK;d wkuYd kd usiMhf uuket f }hH }
[k qdkí &[ef;rsm;ESifh vlrsm; odatmif aMunmavonf/
aemufvdkufy&dowf rsm;vmjcif;
t&Sifa'0'wfu þokdY aMunmNyD;onfhaemuf o'¨gw&m;enf;-
yg;ol ÓPfenf;olwu Ykd a'0'wfEiS hf taygif;ygwdt
Yk m; NcKd ;jcpH mG usio
hf -l
rsm;tjzpf cs;D rGr;f Muonf/ wcsKUd &[ef;i,frsm;vnf; t&Sif a'0'wfw-Ykd
aemuf vdkufygí usifhMuH vdkufemMuonf/ vl'um'umrrsm;vnf;
tm;ay;axmufcHvmMuonf/
]o'¨g-ynm} nDrQolwdkY vufrcH
o'¨gw&m;&So d l ÓPftajrmftjrif Bu;D rm;olwu Ykd rl ]]a'0'wfonf
oHCmtcsi;f csi;f uGjJ ym;atmifç bk&m;&Si\
f tmPmpuf ysujf ym;atmif
tm;xkwfbdwum;}}[k jypfwif½IwfcsMuavonf/ xdktaMumif;udk
&[ef;awmfrsm; Mum;odí bk&m;&Sit f m; avQmufxm;&m bk&m;&Sio f nf
a'0'wftm; ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;awmfrí l jypfwif ½Iwcf sawmfrul m
oHCab'odu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlonf/
or*¾ ESifh 0*¾
or*¾ (= nDñGwfaomoHCm) [l&mü wlaom aygif;oif;jcif;&Sd-
aomç wlaom odrfüwnfaom oHCmawmfudk qdkonf/ þomoem-
awmfü &[ef;wdo Yk nf t"r®ukd "r®[k "r®ukd t"r®[k t0de,udk 0de,[k
0de,udk t0de,[k þodYk tp&So d nfjzifh (18)yg;aom ab'u&0w¬K-
wdkYjzifh ajymMum;Muç jyMuygonf/ rdrdwdkY\ t,l0g'odkY vdkufygMu&ef
qGaJ qmifMuygonf/ xdo k Ykd qGaJ qmifNy;D vQif toD;tjcm; cGjJ cm;í Oyko-f
uH y0g&PmuHç xkdrS wpfyg;aom oHCmhuHBuD; uHi,fwdkYudk jyKMuyg-
ukefonf/ þenf;jzifh oHCmuGJjym;onf (= 0*¾) rnfygonf/
oHC&mZd (oHCmhta&;taMumif;)
wpfbufaom oHCmtpkü &[ef;wpfyg;&Sdí usefwpfbufaom
tpkü ESpfyg; &SdNyD;vQif av;yg;ajrmuf &[ef;u ]]þum; "r®? þum;
0de,? þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqkH;trwnf;? þrJqEúdk ,lavmh?
þ rJqEúkd ESpo f ufavmh}}[k ajymMum;jcif;? þenf;twl wpfbufrS
ESpyf g; usew
f pfbufrS ESpyf g;? wpfbufrS ok;H yg; usew
f pfbufrS ok;H yg;?
wpfbufrS ok;H yg;? usew f pfbufrS av;yg; &Sí
d &Spaf ,mufajrmuf &[ef;
onf ]]þum; "r®wnf;? þum; 0de,wnf;? þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\
tqk;H tr Mo0g'wnf;? þt,lukd ,lavmh? þt,lukd ESpo f ufavmh}}-
[k ajymMum;jcif;? þodkYvQif ESpfbufaygif;rS oHCmav;yg;? ig;yg;?

ajcmufyg;? ckepfyg;? &Spfyg;&Sdí t,luGJjym;aomfvnf; oHCmuGJjym;zdkY
ta&;taMumif;rQom jzpfí oHCmuGJjym;jcif; rjzpfao;yg/
oHCab' (oHCm uGJjym;jcif;)
wpfbufaom oHCmtpkü &[ef;av;yg; &Sdí tjcm;wpfbuf-
aomtpküvnf; av;yg; &SNd y;D vQif ud;k yg;ajrmufaom &[ef;wpfyg;u
]]þum; w&m;wnf;? þum; 0de,wnf;? þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\
tqkH;tr Mo0g'wnf;? þt,ludk ,lMuukefavmh? þt,ludk ESpf-
oufMuukefavmh}}[k ajymMum;thH? þenf;jzifh wpfbufrS av;yg;
wpfbufrS ig;yg; ESpfbufig;yg;pD þodkYponfjzifh udk;yg;udk;yg;xuf
tvGe&f vdS Qif oHCmuGjJ ym;&m ta&;taMumif;vnf;jzpfí oHCmvnf;
pifppf uGjJ ym;ygawmhonf/ þum; oHCmtufaMumif;xifjcif; (=oHC-
&mZd) oHCmuGJjym;jcif; (= oHCab') ESpfrsKd;wdkYwnf;/
ab'gEk0wåuodu©myk'f ed'gef;
&mZN*dK[fNrdKUü bk&m;&Sif oDwif;okH;awmfrlpOf t&Sifa'0'wfonf
oHCmoif;cGrJ uI kd jyKvyk &f m &[ef;awmfrsm;u t&Siaf '0'wftm; 0dik ;f 0ef;
jypfwifajymqdkMuonfudk t&Sifa'0'wfbufrS vdkufí ckcHajymqdkMu-
aom t&Sifaumumvdu paom aemufvdkuf &[ef;rsm;taMumif;-
udk bk&m;&Sit
f m; &[ef;wdu Yk avQmufxm;&m bk&m;&Sio f nf xdt
k &Si-f
a'0'wfaemufvdkuf&[ef;wdkYtm; uJh&JUjypfwifawmfrlum þ ab'g-
Ek0wåuodu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlonf/
tEk0wåu t& aemufvdkufykH
]aemufvu
kd }f [l&mü oHCmuGjJ ym;atmifjyKaom &[ef;\ aemufrS
waumufaumuf vdu k af ejcif;udk qdo
k nf r[kw?f xd&k [ef;u t"r®ukd
"r®[k ,l\? t"r®udk "r®[k ESpfouf\? t"r®udk "r®[k BudKuf\/
xdk&[ef; ,lonfhtwdkif;ç ESpfoufonfhtwdkif;ç BudKufonfhtwdkif;
vdkufí ,ljcif;ç ESpfoufjcif;ç BudKufjcif;udk aemufvdkuf[k qdkvdkonf/
{aum 0g a'G 0g wa,m 0g
oHCmonf oHCmtm; uHjyKjcif;iSm rwwfaumif;aomaMumifh
ok;H yg;xuf tvGejf zpfaom &[ef;wdu
Yk kd uHrjyKaumif;&um; þ ]]{aum
0g a'G 0g wa,m 0g}} [k a[mawmfrlonf/
oHCmoif;cGo J \
l aemufvu kd &f [ef;wdo
Yk nf av;yg;ç ig;yg;ponf
jzpftHh? okH;yg;xuf rydkaprlí oD;jcm;cGJí tBudrfBudrf uHjyK&rnf[k
odyg/ t|uxmrsm;ü ]]e oHaCm oHCó ur®H ua&mwd}} oHCmonf
oHCmtm; uHrjyKaumif;[k qdkaom pum;t& ESdyfaom ed*¾[uH\
tpGrf;jzifhjzpfaom uHrsKd;udk ,l&rnf/ csD;ajr§mufaom OAÇm[duuH
ponfwdkYudkum; trsm;yiftyfonf[k #Dumrsm; qdkMu\/
(aqmif) oHCmonfum;? oHCmtm;? uHum; rjyK&/
xdkpum;t&? ed*¾[? uHrQ ,l&efjy/
OAÇm[du? 'dur®? rsm;pGm tyf[kjy/
12/ 'kAÁp odu©myk'f
bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfral om odum© yk'af wmfjzifh tjcm;&[ef;wd\ Yk
qdkqkH;rvmjcif;udk em;raxmifvdkí xdk&[ef;wdkYtm; ]]oifwdkY ighudk
vmrajymvif?h iguvnf; oifwt Ykd m; aumif;aumif;qd;k qd;k b,fpum;-
rsK;d udrk Q rajymbl;}} ponfjzifh jyefveS f ajymqdjk im;tH?h xd&k [ef;udk tjcm;
&[ef;wdu Yk ]]t&Sio
f nf rdru d ,
kd uf kd rqdtk yfonfukd rjyKvif?h t&Sio f nf
rdrdudk,fudk qdktyfonfudkomvQif jyKavmh? t&Sifonfvnf; wynfh-
awmfwdkYudk odu©myk'fawmfjzifh qdkavmh? bk&m;wynfhawmfwkdYuvnf;
t&Siu hf kd odum© yk'af wmfjzifh qduk ek v f wåUH ? þodYk tcsi;f csi;f qdq
k ;Hk rjcif;?
tcsi;f csi;f tmywfrS xapjcif;jzifo h mvQif xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;\ y&dowf-

onf Bu;D yGm;jcif;odYk a&mufEikd \ f }}[k ajymqd&k rnf/ ESpBf urd af jrmufvnf;
ajymqd&k rnf? ok;H Burd af jrmufvnf; ajymqd&k rnf/ tu,fí xdt k ,lukd
pGejYf im;tH?h xdo k Ykd pGejYf cif;onf aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGejYf im;tH?h xd&k [ef;
tm; 'ku#ú t f mywf oif\ h / (Mum;vsuf rajymqdu k ek jf im;th?H 'ku#ú t
f m-
ywf oifh\/) xdk&[ef;udk oHCmhtv,fodkY ac:aqmifí txufü
qdck o hJ nft h wdik ;f ok;H Burd af jrmufatmif xyfrí H ajymqd&k rnf/ tu,fí
xdt k ,lukd pGejYf im;tH?h xdo k Ykd pGejYf cif;onf aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGejYf im;-
tHh? xdk&[ef;tm; 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyef\/ xdkYaemuf oHCmawmfu
xdk&[ef;tm; xdkt,ludk pGefYapjcif;iSm orEkbmoeuHjzifh qdkqkH;r-
tyf\/ þodkY qdkqkH;rtyfonf&Sdaomf xdkt,ludk pGefYvQif aumif;\/
rpGev Yf Qiu
f m; ok;H Burd af jrmufaom ur®0gpmtqk;H ü xdk &[ef;tm; 'kApÁ
oHCm'daooftmywf oif\ h / (ud;k Burd u
f ;kd cg qk;H r&onfukd owdjyKyg??)
(aqmif) rajymxdu k o
f Yl ud, hf jkd yKí1 orEkbmoeH "r®uw
k u H nf;2 ur®0gpm
NyD;qkH;&m0,f3 jrJpGm,lvQif; rpGefYjcif;[k4 aMumif;&if;av;wef
tifnDjyef? oifh&ef 'kAÁp/
13/ ukv'lou odu©myk'f
trsKd;av;yg;wdkY\ o'¨gw&m;udk zsufqD;wwfaom ,kwfrmaom
tusifh&Sdaom tMuif&[ef;onf wpfckaom NrdKU&Gmed*kH;udk trSDjyKí
ae\/ xdk&[ef;\ ,kwfrmaom tusifhwdkYudk jrifvnf;jriftyfukef\?
Mum;vnf; Mum;tyfukef\/ xdk&[ef;onf zsufqD;tyfaom trsKd;wdkY-
udv
k nf; jrifvnf;jriftyfuek \ f ? Mum;vnf;Mum;tyfuek \ f / xdak Mumifh
xd&k [ef;udk tjcm;&[ef;wdu Yk ]]t&Siof nf trsK;d wdu
Yk kd zsuqf ;D wwf\?
yef;yifi,fpu kd yf sK;d jcif; paom ,kwrf maomtusihf &S\ d ? t&Si\ f ,kw-f
rmaomtusifhwdkYudk jrifvnf; jriftyfukef\? Mum;vnf;Mum;tyfukef
\/ t&Sifonf zsufqD;tyfaom trsKd;wdkYudkvnf; jrifvnf;jriftyf-
uke\f ? Mum;vnf;Mum;tyfuek \ f / t&Sio
f nf þausmif;rS zJomG ;av-
avmh? t&Sio f nf þausmif;ü aejcif;jzifh tusK;d r&S}d }[k qd&k m\/ þodYk
qdktyfonf&Sdaomf tjcm;&[ef;wdkYudk xdk&[ef;u ]]oifwdkYonf cspf-
aomtm;jzifh rvm;tyfonfodkYvnf; vm;ukef\? rkef;aomtm;jzifh
rvm;tyfonfodkYvnf; vm;ukef\? awGa0aomtm;jzifh rvm;tyf-
onfov Ykd nf; vm;uke\
f ? aMumufaomtm;jzifh rvm;tyfonfov Ykd nf;
vm;ukef\/ xdkodkYoabm&Sdaom tmywfjzifh tcsKdUaom &[ef;udk
ESifxkwfukef\? tcsKdUaom &[ef;udk rESifxkwfukef}}[k qdkjim;thH/
xd&k [ef;udk tjcm;&[ef;wdu Yk ]]t&Sio f nf þodYk rqdv k if?h bk&m;-
wynfhawmfwdkYonf cspfaomtm;jzifh rvm;tyfonfudkvnf; rvm;-
uke?f rke;f aomtm;jzifh rvm;tyfonfuv kd nf; rvm;uke?f awGa0aom-
tm;jzifh rvm;tyfonfudkvnf; rvm;ukef? aMumufaomtm;jzifh
rvm;tyfonfudkvnf; rvm;ukef/ t&SifonfomvQif trsKd;av;yg;-
wdkYudk zsufqD;wwf\? ,kwfrmaom tusifh&Sd\? t&Sif\ yef;yifi,f
pdu
k yf sK;d jcif; paom ,kwrf maom tusiw hf uYkd kd jrifvnf; jriftyfuek \ f ?
Mum;vnf; Mum;tyfuek \ f / t&Siof nf zsuq f ;D tyfuek af om trsK;d wdu Yk kd
jrifvnf;jriftyfukef\? Mum;vnf;Mum;tyfukef\/ t&Sifonf þ-
ausmif;rS zJoGm;avavmh? t&Sifonf þausmif;üaejcif;jzifh tusKd;
r&Sd}} [k ajymqdk&rnf/ ESpfBudrfajrmufvnf; ajymqdk&rnf/ okH;Budrf-
ajrmufvnf; ajymqdk&rnf/ tu,fí xdkt,ludk pGefYjim;tHh? xdkodkY
pGefYjcif;onf aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGefYjim;tHh? xdk&[ef;tm; 'kuú#f-
tmywf oif\ h / (Mum;vsuf rajymqdu k ek jf im;th?H 'ku#ú t f mywf oif\ h ??)
xd&k [ef;udk oHCmhtv,foYkd ac:aqmifí txufü qdck o hJ nft h wdik ;f
okH;Budrfajrmufatmif xyfrHí ajymqdk&rnf/ tu,fí xdkt,ludk
pGejYf im;tH?h xdo k pYkd eG jYf cif;onf aumif;\/ tu,fí rpGejYf im;tH?h xd&k [ef;-
tm; 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyef\/
xdkaemuf oHCmawmfu xdk&[ef;tm; xdkt,ludk pGefYapjcif;iSm

orEkbmoeuHjzifh qdkqkH;rtyf\/ þodkY qdkqkH;rtyfonf&Sdaomf xdk
t,lukd pGev Yf Qif aumif;\/ rpGev
Yf Qiu
f m; ok;H Burd af jrmufaom ur®0gpm
\ tqkH;ü xdk&[ef;tm; ukv'lou oHCm'daooftmywf oifh\/
(udk;Budrf udk;cg qkH;r&\)/
(aqmif) qE´m*wd vdu k Mf u\[k ponfajymrI1orEkbmoeH "r®uw H nf;2
ur®0gpm NyD;qkH;&m0,f3 jrJpGm,lvQif; rpGefYjcif;[k4 aMumif;&if;
av;wef tifnDjyef? oifh&ef 'loe/
pwåma&m ,m0wwd,um
oHCm'daoof aemufq;Hk odum© yk'af v;yk'w f o
Ykd nf vGeu f sL;rdNy;D p
csufcsif; oHCm'daooftmywf roifhao;? ÚwfwpfBudrf ur®0gpm
ok;H Burd f qk;H rNy;D aomtcg rdrt
d ,ludk rpGeb
Yf J qufvufpu JG ikd xf m;rSom
oHCm'daooftmywf oifo h nf/ xdaYk Mumifh oHCmoif;cGaJ om &[ef;[k
omrnar;vQif 'ku#ú t f mywfom ajzqdo k ifoh nfukd owdjyKyg/ ,m0-
wwd,uodu©myk'f av;ck &dSonf/ <uif;aom odu©myk'f (3)yk'fwdkYü-
vnf; tvm;wlyif jzpf\/ t*Fg (4)yg;udkvQifvnf; od&SdEkdifonf/
'kAÁpodu©myk'f taMumif;&if;ed'gef;
aumorÁDjynfü bk&m;&SifoDwif;okH;awmfrlpOf &[ef;awmfrsm;\
qkH;rpum;udk t&SifqEérax&fonf emcHrI r&SdbJ jyefvSefajymqkdavh-
&Sd\/ t&SifqEérax&fum; bk&m;&SifESifh zGm;zufawmfjzpfonfhtjyif
awmxGupf Ofuvnf; jrif;Nr;D qGaJ rmifqeftjzpf twlvukd yf gcJ&h ol jzpfí
tjcm;&[ef;rsm;onf olUaemufrS ay:vmolrsm; jzpfMu\/ aemufrS
aygufonfh a&TMumyifrsm;u olUudk q&mvmvky&f ef rvd}k }[k tajymrcH
tqdrk cH vkyaf eonf/ xdt
k aMumif;udk bk&m;&Sif odawmfrí l t&Siq f Eé-
tm; uJh&JUjypfwifawmfrlum þ 'kAÁpodu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlonf/
t&Siq f Eérax&fonf ]ighq&m} ]ighb&k m;} ]igESihf t&if;ES;D qk;H } þodYk
pG,
J xl m;aom ,if;rmeaMumifyh ifvQif bk&m;&Sio f ufawmfxif&mS ;&Spd Of
w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfukd r&&Scd yhJ g/ bk&m;&Sif y&deAd mÁ efpaH wmfrcl geD; rSmMum;
xm;cJo h nfh jA[®'Pf (oHCmrsm;u 0dik ;f y,fxm;aom) uHaqmifaom-
tcg tm;ud;k p&m bk&m;&Sivf nf; r&Sad wmhí rmefrmeawG usum qdw-f
Nidrf&mokdY uyfí w&m;tm;xkwfojzifh t&SiftmeE´m\ tultnDjzifh
&[EÅmjzpfawmfr&l onf/ þuJo h Ykd xifay:ausmMf um;aom yk*K¾ v d rf sm;ESihf
tuRrf;0ifjcif;ukd taMumif;jyKívnf; rmefrmersm; jzpfwwfonfudk
owdjyKoifhayonf/
'kAÁpZmwdu&[ef;
'kau©e 0apm 'kAaÁ pm = qif;&Jojzifh qdt
k yfaom pum;? 'kAaÁ pm-
Zmwd tómwd 'kAÁpZmwdaum = qif;&Jojzifh qdktyfaom pum;-
&Sdaom&[ef;? &[ef;rsm;u wpfpkHwpf&m ajymqdkqkH;raomf tqkH;rrcH
jyefveS af jymwwfaom oabm&daS om &[ef;[l\/ ajym&qd&k cufaom
&[ef;wnf;/
o["r®du = oDwif;okH;azmf
o[ = twl? "r® = w&m;? £u = usifhol? o["r®du = twl
wuG w&m;usib hf uf jzpfol (0g) oDwif;ok;H azmfwnf;/ bduK© ç bduK© eçD
odu©rmefç omraP&ç omraP&D[lí oDwif;okH;azmf (5)OD; &Sd\/
&aohç zdk;olawmfç oDv&SifwdkY oDwif;okH;azmf (5)OD;ü ryg0ifay/
o["r®rsm;
oDwif;okH;azmfwdkY\ Opömjzpfaom odu©myk'frsm;taMumif;ESifh
pyfaom pum;? tusK;d taMumif;jyí ajymqdt k yfaom pum;? MunfnKd -
zG,jf zpfatmif aeenf; ajymenf;udjk yaom pum;rsm;ESihf odum© yk'q
f ikd &f m
pum;rsm; tm;vkH;udk o["r®[k rSwfyg/
omoemBuD;yGm;aMumif;
{0H oH0'¨g [d wó b*0awm y&dom ,'d'H tnrn 0paee
]]{0H
tnrn 0k|myaeem}}
myaeem}}wd tjypfawGUvQif tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdq
k ;Hk r owd-
ay;Mu? tmywfawG oifha&mufaevQif xdktmywfwdkYrS xajrmuf-
pifMu,fatmif ulnDMuaomaMumifhom ,ckrsufjriftajctaetxd
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ y&dowfomoemawmfBuD;? oDv orm"d ynm
odu©mtusifhrsm; BuD;yGm;aeonf wdk;wufaeonf[k jyqdkonf/
omoemBuD;yGm;wdk;wufrI[lonf
þpum;udk axmufí bk&m;wnf ausmif;aqmufç oHCmta&-
twGuf rsm;jym;ae½kHrQjzifh omoemBuD;yGm;onf[k rqdkEkdif/ tjypf-
tmywf pifMu,faom y&dowf? oDv orm"d ynm odu©m (3)&yfudk
usiahf om &Siv
f yl &dowf wd;k yGm;rSom omoem Bu;D yGm;wd;k wufonf[k
qdkEdkifonf/
omoemjyKjcif;[lonf
wcsKUd aom yk*Kd¾ vw
f o
Ykd nf bk&m;tqlaygif;rsm;pGm wnfaeMuonf?
ausmif;awGrsm;pGm aqmufvkyfaeMuonf? BuD;pGmaom 'kv’b&SifjyK
&[ef;cHyGJrsm;ukd jyKaeMuonf? xkdokdY jyKaeMuonfudkyif ]omoem-
jyKaeonf}[k xifwwfMuonf/ tjypftmywfawG rpifMu,f? oDv
orm"d ynmusiphf OfawG rusiyhf gbJ aqmif&u G af eMuvQiu f m; bk&m;&Sif
tvdkawmfus omoemjyKjcif;rsKd; rjzpfEkdifay? omoemawmf wdk;wuf
Bu;D yGm;atmifjyKonf[al om pum;tqdrk sm; r[kwEf idk af Mumif; owdjyK-
oifhonf/
ukv'louodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f
þodum© yk'o
f nf &Snv
f sm;vS\? tusO;f csKyf rSw&f efum; -&[ef;
wpfyg;onf 'g,um 'g,dumrwd\ Yk o'¨gw&m;tppftrSeu f kd zsuq
f ;D -
ae\/ jrifuek Mf um;ukeaf om &[ef;aumif;wku Yd ukv'lou &[ef;udk
olaeaom ausmif;wdkufç NrdKU&GmrS ESifxkwf&rnf/ xdktcg tESifxkwf-
cH&aom &[ef;u ESifxkwfxm;aom &[ef;wkdYudk qE´m*wd paom
t*wdav;yg; vdu k Mf uonf[k ajymvQif &[ef;wdu Yk þokYd rajymzd&Yk ef
wm;jrpf&rnf? wm;jrpfygvsuf xdktajym xdktvkyfawGudk rpGefYvQif
orEkbmoeuH jyK&rnf? uHjyKí rNy;D cif xkt d ,ludk pGev
Yf Qif aumif;\/
uHNyD;onfhwdkifatmif xkdt,lukd rpGefYvQif ukv'lou oHCm'daoof
tmywfoifhonf[k jyaom odu©myk'fwnf;/
*gr ed*r e*& = &Gm ed*kH; NrdKU txl;
NrdKU½kd; wHwdkif; t&H r&Sd? aps;vnf; r&Sdonfum; &Gm/ NrdKU½dk; wHwdkif;
t&Hr&Sd aps;om &Sdonfum; ed*kH;/ ESpfyg;pkH &Sdonfum; NrdKUwnf;/ ,ck-
acwfü ppfwyfESifh &Jpcef;wdkYudk tumt&HwHwdkif;[k ,lu oifhrnf
xifygonf/
(aqmif) wHwdkif;&H r&Sd? aps;om &Sd? rSwfbd ed*kH;wnf;/ ESpfyg;pkH &Sd? NrdKU[k
od? r&Sd *grwnf;/
ukv'lou = trsKd;av;yg;ukd zsufqD;ykH
rif;ç olaX;ç ukeof nfç olqif;&J[al om trsK;d av;yg;wdu
Yk kd zsuq
f ;D -
wwfaomaMumifh ]]ukav 'laowDwd ukv'loaum}}t& trsKd;-
av;yg;wkdYukd zsufqD;olwnf;/
þü rpifç ñGefç &THUykyfwdkYjzifh yufí zsufqD;jcif;? wkwfç "m;
vufeufwdkYjzifh ½kdufykwfjcif;wdkYjzifh zsufqD;onf r[kwf? csD;ajr§muf-
axmufyjhH cif;? cspcf if av;pm;MunfnKd cifrif&if;ES;D vmapjcif; tusK;d iSm
yef;ay;jcif;? opfo;D ay;jcif; paom ukv'loe0w¬K&pS yf g;wdu Yk kd aqmif-
&Gufay;jcif;[laom ,kwfrmaom tusifhjzifh rdrdtay:üom cifrif
MunfndK o'¨gw&m;jzpfapí yef;ay;jcif; opfoD;ay;jcif;ponfudk

rjyKuek af om xdu
k v
k 'loetrIrsK;d wduYk kd rjyKuek af om oDvukd cspjf rwf-
Ekd;Muonfh &[ef;aumif; &[ef;jrwfwdkYtay:ü MunfndKo'¨gw&m;
ysujf ym;í rvSLcsif rwef;csif jzpfaponfukd trsK;d av;yg;zsuq f ;D ol[k
qdkonf/
o'¨gw&m;ysufpD;ykH
Oyrm - rde;f uav;wpfa,mufonf yifut kd m;jzifh e*du
k o'¨g-
w&m; aumif;oluav;wnf;/ odkYaomf ]]'geH oAÁw¬om"uH}}t&
ay;urf;jcif;onf tusK;d tm;vk;H udk Ny;D ap\[laom pum;udk oabm-
aygufí &[ef;wpfyg;u olUudk MunfndKvmatmif cifrifvmatmif
xdkrdef;uav;tm; yef; opfoD; ponfudk ay;urf;vdkuf&m xdk&[ef;
tm;om ykdí vSLcsifwef;csifpdwf jzpfum cspfcifvmayrnf/ odkYaomf
xdu
k o hJ Ykd ay;azmfr&aom vZÆo D rl eG f oDv&So
d l t&Sijf rwfwtYkd m; rvSLcsiçf
rwef;csifç rqnf;uyfcsifç rudk;uG,fcsif jzpfvmawmhojzifh xdkrdef;-
uav;\ e*dku &Sdaeaom tppftrSefo'¨gw&m;um; ysufjym;avNyD?
þuJo h yYkd if tjcm;olrsm;tm; yef;ç opfo;D ponfay;&mü enf;wl odyg/
ukv'louodu©myk'f taMumif;&if;ed'gef;
om0w¬jd ynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü bk&m;&Sio f wD if;ok;H awmfrpl Of
tóZdyek AÁou k trnf&adS om tvZÆ&D [ef;,kww f oYkd nf uD#m*d&Zd e
yk'f(ed*kH;)&GmBuD;ü aexdkifMuNyD;vQif 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYtm; yef;ay;
jcif;? opfoD;ay;jcif;? tcdkif;tapcHjcif;? aq;ukaA'ifa[mjcif;paom
vlru I pd ö t00wdu Yk kd vdu
k v
f aH qmif&u
G af y;jcif;? rmwk*grrsm; vli,fav;
rsm;ESifhtwl aysmfyJGpm;xGufjcif;? rmwk*grwdkYESifhtwl tdyfjcif;? npm
pm;jcif;? t&ufaomufjcif;? upm;enf;trsK;d rsK;d wdu Yk kd upm;jcif;? ujcif;?
oDqdkjcif;? tarT;eHYom vdrf;usHjcif;? vufckyfvuf0g; wD;í yl;wGJí
uckejf cif;? ouFe;f Bu;D wdu
Yk kd jzefcY if;ay;vsuf uacsonfrwdu Yk kd ouFe;f -
ay:wufapí tucdik ;f jcif;paom trsK;d av;yg;wdt Yk m; ysupf ;D apjcif;\
taMumif;jzpfaom raumif;aom tusiq hf ;kd rSeo
f rQukd jyKusiMhf uvsuf
aexdik of mG ;vmMuuke\ f / 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm;onf cifrif&if;ES;D rI-
t& ay;urf;axmufyhH vSL'gef;rIrsm; jyKaeMuaomfvnf; ,if;tvSL'ge-
aMumifh aumif;usKd;csrf;om cHpm;&rnf[laom ,kHMunfrI o'¨gtppf-
trSef r&SdMuawmhacs/
&[ef;tppftrSeftwGuf tcufawGU&
MunfndKzG,f&m £aÈódu©mESifh jynfhpkHaom &[ef;wpfyg;onf
umodwkdif;ü 0guyfí 0guRwfaomtcg om0w¬dNrdKUodkY bk&m;&Siftm;
zl;ajrmf&ef xGucf mG vm&m vrf;c&D;wGif uD#m*d&Zd eyk'o f Ykd a&mufí qGr;f -
cHcsed f jzpfaomaMumifh £aÈ&´ & pu©KaÈc´ svsuf aocd,odum© yk'af wmf-
wdEYk iS hf nDpmG qGr;f cH0ifav&m avmif;vSLrnfo h l r&Sad cs/ uD#m*d&Zd eyk'of l
Zeyk'fom;wdkYonf o'¨gw&m;tppftrSef ysufpD;vsuf &Sdavonf/
tóZdyek AÁou k &[ef;wdu Yk o
hJ Ykd azmfa&GysLiSmjcif;ç jyKH ;&,fjcif; EIwq
f uf-
jcif; r&Sd? pu©KaÈćsí oGm;onfudkyif tjypfjrifum uJh&JUMu ½IwfcsMu-
avonf/ qGrf; cJzG,f abmZOfrsm; r&&Sdygacs/
Oygoumaumif;ESifh awGUqkHjcif;
xkdtcg o'¨gw&m; tppftrSef&Sdaom Oygoumaumif; wpf-
a,mufonf xdMk unfnKd z, G &f m £aÈo ´ u
d m© ESihf jynfph aHk om tm*EÅKu
&[ef;tm; awGU&So
d jzifh tdro
f Ykd yifah qmifNy;D vQif qGr;f r&&Sad o;aMumif;
odí qGr;f qufuyf\/ qGr;f uyfNy;D aemuf uD#m*d&Zd eyk'Bf u;D ü tóZd-
ykeAÁou
k &[ef;wk\Yd ukv'loerI (o'¨gw&m; zsuq f ;D rI) 'um'umr-
wdkY\ o'¨gw&m;ysufpD;aerI jzpfysufykH tvkH;pkHudk wifjyí jrwfpGm-
bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;ay;yg&ef OygoumBuD;u yefMum;vdkuf\/
tm*EÅKu&[ef;vnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sixf oH Ykd a&mufaomtcg Oygoum

ajymjyonfhtwkdif; taMumif;pkHudk bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm; wifjy-
avonf/
t*¾om0uESpfyg; vTwfí ESifxkwfapjcif;
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f t&Sio f m&dyw
k &å m t&Siaf rm*¾vm’ efwuYkd kd ap-
vTwfí yAÁmZeD, (ESifxkwfjcif;)uHjyK&ef rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ t*¾om-
0uESpyf g;wku Yd tóZdyek AÁou k &[ef;wko Yd nf Murf;MuKwaf omaMumifh
rnforYkd nfyHk ESix
f w k &f rnfukd bk&m;&Sitf m; ar;jref; avQmufxm;Mu&m
bk&m;&Siuf oHCmrsm;rsm; ac:aqmifomG ;&ef rdeMYf um;awmfr\ l / t*¾-
om0uESpyf g;wdv Yk nf; oHCmtiftm;jzifh <ua&mufí uD#m*d&Zd eyk'rf S
xGufoGm;Muap&ef yAÁmZeD,uHjyKí ESifxkwf&m tóZdykeAÁoku
&[ef;ESihf taygif;ygoHCmwdo Yk nf tcsKUd vlxu G Mf uuke\
f / tcsKUd vnf;
t&yfwpfyg;odkY xGufoGm;Muukef\/
odu©myk'fynwfawmfrljcif;
tcsKdU&[ef;wdkYum; jyefvSefuJh&JUum ]t*wdw&m; vdkufpm;onf}
[k t*¾om0uESpfyg;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm;udk jyefvnf pGyfpGJMuukef\/
þ taMumif;t&mwdu Yk kd bk&m;&Sif odawmfrí
l þuJo
h Ykd 'g,um 'g,d-
umrwdkY o'¨gw&m;tppftrSefudk ysufpD;atmif usifhokH;Muaom ,if;
ukv'loetrIrsm; jyKvyk jf cif;rS wm;jrpf&ef þukv'louodum© yk'u f kd
ynwfawmfrlonf/
þodu©myk'fvm ,kwfrmaom tusifhrsm;
,kwrf maomtusi[ hf o
l nf 'g,um 'g,dumrwdt Yk m; ay;urf;-
zdkY&ef &nfrSef;í yef;yifpdkufjcif;ç a&avmif;jcif; paom &[ef;wdkYESifh
ravsmfaom tusifhrsm;wnf;/ xdkuJhodkY yef;yifpdkufjcif; ponfjyK&mü-
vnf; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ &[ef;udk,fwkdif ajrwl;í pdkufysKd;jcif;
ponfü ajrwl;rIaMumifh ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ tuyÜd,a0g[m&
(rtyfaom tok;H tEIe;f )jzifh ok;H EIe;f í apcdik ;f &müvnf; 'ku#ú t
f mywf
oifh\/ xdk toD;tyGifhwdkYudkvnf; &[ef;wdkY rpm;okH;oifhawmhacs/
pdkufysKd;aumif;aom enf;vrf;rsm;
ausmif;wdkufom,matmif (tm&mrw¬m,)? opfyif yef;yifwdkY
pdrf;vef;pdkajyatmif (0ew¬m,) pdkufvdkvQif ]]þajrudk odprf;}} ]]þ
yef;yifukd odprf;}} ponfjzifh uyÜ, d a0g[m& tyfpyfaom tok;H tEIe;f -
rsm;jzifh ajymqdík vl omraPponfwu Ykd kd apcdik ;f &rnf/ rlvu &[ef;-
wdYk pm;ok;H &ef[k r&nf&,
G bf J pduk yf sK;d cJjh cif;jzpfu oD;yGiv hf maom tcgü
&[ef;wdkY okH;aqmifEdkifcGifh &Sdonf/
uyÜd,a0g[m& = tyfpyfaom tokH;tEIef;
þjrufyifudk odavmh/ þopfyifudk odavmh/ þyef;yifudk
bk&m;wif&ef odavmh/ a&wGif; odyg/ ajr odyg/ uefoif; odyg/
a&ajrmif; odyg/ þopfyiftwGuf a&odyg/ þuJo h Ykd uyÜ,
d a0g[m&jzifh
apcdkif;jcif;wkdYrSm bk&m;wifvSL&ef yef;yifpkdufrI ausmif;0if;jcHpnf;½dk;
opfyifpu dk rf I t&dyt
f m0gotwGuf opfyifpu kd rf jI yK&müom tyfpyf\/
toD; tyGihf t&Guf pm;&ef pku d yf sK;d jcif;uku
d m; uyÜ, d a0g[m&jzifvh nf;
>rufqí kd rcdik ;f aumif;acs? rtyfaom enf;jzifh pdu k yf sK;d xm;aom opfyif
rS toD; tyGifh t&GufwdkYudk okH;aqmifvQif okH;aqmifwkdif; okH;aqmif-
wkdif; 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
tuyÜd,a0g[m& = rtyfpyfaom tokH;tEIef;
aygif;yif jrufyifrsm;udk Ekwyf g? pku
d yf g? &dwjf zwfyg/ yef;yif opfyif
pdu
k yf g? yef;cl;yg? a&wGi;f wl;yg? ajrwl;yg? a&avmif;yg/ þodYk ponfjzifh
vlwkdY okH;EIef;onfhtwdkif; ajymqkdokH;EIef;í apcdkif;vQif ygpdwf-

tmywfESifhwuG 'kuú#ftmywfyg oifh\/
apcdkif;cGifh okH;aqmifcGifh &ykHrsm;
y&d,m,fjzifh oG,f0dkufí ajymMum;jcif;? t&dyfedrdwfjyKí apckdif;-
jcif;? ausmif;jcpH nf;½k;d tm&mrftwGuf pdu k x
f m;jcif;? t&dy&f &eftwGuf
pdkufxm;jcif; þokdYaom opfyifrsm;rS jzpfxGef;vmaom toD;tyGifh-
rsm;udk uyÜcd idk ;f í ok;H aqmifvQif tmywfroifah cs/ apcdik ;f Ekid cf iG hf &So
d nf/
xkdYaMumifh txufü qdkcJhaom y&d,m,fç edrdwfç tm&mrw¬m,ç
0ew¬m, tcsufrsm;udkvnf; odxm;&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/
y&d,m,fjzifh pdkufysKd;apjcif;
a&S;vlBu;D rsm;onf aemifvmaemifom;rsm;twGuf oD;yifpm;yif-
rsm; pdkufysKd;cJhMuojzifh ,ckacwfvlwdkY pm;okH;aeMu&onf/ rdrdtusKd;-
twGuv f nf;aumif;ç aemifvmaemifom;rsm; pm;ok;H &eftwGuv f nf;-
aumif; opfyif yef;yifrsm; pdkufysKd;oifhaMumif;? a&wGif;a&uef wl;-
jcif;onf tusKd;rsm;aMumif;? xkdtrIrsm;udk vkyfcsifudkifcsifvmatmif
aMumif;usKd;jyí y&d,m,fjzifh ajymMum; jyKap&müum; tmywfroifh
acs/
t&dyfta&mifjyí pdkufysKd;apjcif;
EIwrf S wpfpw Hk pf&m rajymqdbk J &[ef;wpfyg;onf aygif;jruf xl-
xyf&mü aygufwl;udk udkifvsuf &yfae\/ wynfh omraPrsm;u
jrifí jruf&iS ;f apvdak Mumif; oabmaygufem;vnfí aygufw;l ayguf-
um jruf&iS ;f ay;Mu\/ tvm;wl pdu k yf sK;d apvdak om opfyifysK;d yif teD;ü
wl&iG ;f udk udik v
f suf &yfaejcif; ponfjzifh 'g,umrsm;ESihf omraPwdu Yk
em;vnfatmif ta&mifjyí pdkufysKd;ap&mü tmywfroifhacs/ xdkYjyif
opfyifukd a&avmif;apvdak omtcg EIwrf S ajymqdjk cif; rjyKbJ a&yk;H udk
opfyifem;ü csxm;\/ em;vnfoabmaygufaom 'g,umESihf omr-
aPwdkYu a&avmif;jcif;ç opfyifckwfvJSjcif;ponf jyKay;onf/ þodkY
t&dyfedrdwfjyKí apcdkif;&mü tmywfroifh/
a&avmif; a&csKd; ponf rjyKaumif;
ukvo*F[w¬m, = trsKd;av;yg;wdkYudk ay;urf;csD;ajr§muf&ef?
y&dabm*w¬m, = ok;H aqmifpm;aomuf&ef &nf&, G í f yef;yifEiS o
hf ;D yifç
pm;yifç okH;yifrsm;udk &[ef;udk,fwdkif a&ravmif;aumif;½kHrQru a&-
avmif;Ny;D jzpfap&ef &nf&, G í
f xdo k pfyif yef;yifw\Ykd ajc&if;ü rsuEf mS -
opfjcif;? a&csKd;jcif;yif jyKvkyfcGifh r&Sdacs/ &[ef;awmfrsm; txl;owd-
xm;oifhaom tcsufrsm; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif jcHpnf;½dk;ESifh t&dyf-
tm0gotwGuf &nf&, G í f pdu
k yf sK;d xm;aom opfyifrsm;udk a&avmif;-
aumif;\? opfyif&if;üvnf; a&csKd;aumif;\/
ukv'loe (8) yg;
(1) yef;yGifhay;jcif;? (2) opfoD;ay;jcif;? (3) qyfjymrIefYay;jcif;?
(4) t*Faw (bdvyfajr? xkH;? oJ? tkwfrIefY) ajrnufay;jcif;? (5) opf
0g; ponf(aqmufvyk af &;ypön;f )ay;jcif;? (6) 'efyal y;jcif;? (7) owif;-
pum; ydaYk y;jcif; (vlw\
Ykd taptyg;cHjcif;)? (8) aq;ukjcif; (aA'ifa[m
"mwf½kduf"mwfqif tif;tdkif cg;vSJY vufzGJUay;jcif;) wdkYwnf;/
(aqmif) yGifhç oD;ç rIefYç ajrç 0g;ç ylç ajcç 0aZÆ 'l&Spfjzm/
yef;yGifhay;jcif;
&[ef;onf rdrdydkifaom yef;udk yefqif&efESifh ewfwif&eftwGuf
rdbwkt
Yd m;vnf; ray;tyf? ray;aumif;/ &wemok;H yg;ukd ylaZmfjcif;iSm
rlum; ay;aumif;\/ ac:çrac:bJ a&mufvmMuukefaom rdbwkdYrS
<uif;aom taqGtrsKd;wkdYtm;vnf; &wemokH;yg;ukd ylaZmfjcif;iSm

ay;aumif;\? okdY&mwGif wefqmqifjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;ç AdóEkd;ewf
ponfwu Ydk dk ylaZmfjcif;iSmvnf;aumif; rdbwkt Yd m;vnf; ray;aumif;/
'g,umwdkYudk odrf;oGif;pnf;½kH;&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh ay;urf;vQif
ukv'loejzpfí 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ ausmif;wdkuftwGuf oHCm-
twGuf &nf&G,fowfrSwfxm;aom yef;rsm;udk ausmif;xdkifbkef;BuD;-
taejzifh tpdk;w& ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; jyKvkyfí vl'g,umwdkYtm; ay;vQif
ukv'loexkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/
olwpfyg;ydkifaom yef;ESifh oHCmydkifaom yef;udk r½dk;om;aom-
pdwf (cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh)ay;vQif wefzdk;tavsmuf yg&mZdutmywf-
txd oifha&mufEkdif\/ opfoD;ponf ay;&müvnf; þenf;wlyif
jzpfonf/ þodkY ukv'loe'kuú#f? ukv'loexkv’pöOf;? ukv'loe
yg&mZdutmywfrsm; &Sdonf[k cGJjcm;rSwfom;xm;oifhonf/
opfoD;ay;jcif;
rdrOd pömjzpfaom opfo;D ukv d nf;aumif;ç tuRr;f 0ifonfh olwpf-
yg;\ Opömjzpfaom opfo;D ukv d nf;aumif; yef;uJo
h yYdk if &wemok;H yg;ukd
ylaZmfjcif;iSm rdbwkdYESifh a&mufvmukefaom taqGtrsKd;wkdYtm; ay;-
aumif;\/
olwpfyg;ydkif oHCmydkif ausmif;ydkifopfoD;udk ay;&mü wefzdk;-
tavsmuf yg&mZdu xkvp’ Oö ;f 'ku#ú t f mywfoif\
h / rdryd ikd f opfo;D rsm;-
udkrl (1) vlrrm rusef;rmoltm;vnf;aumif;? (2) pm;&rJh aomuf&rJh
awmif;pm;aeoltm;vnf;aumif; ay;&mü ukv'loe tmywfroifh/
xkjYd yif oHCmawmfrsm;tm; oHCu d opfo;D a0aepOf 'g,um 'g,dum-
rsm; a&mufvmygu ¤if;wdkYtm; xuf0ufaom a0pkukd or®Kwd&aom
&[ef;taejzifh ay;Ekid cf iG hf &d\
S / or®Kwrd &aom &[ef;taejzifh oHCm-
udk yefMum;NyD;rSom ay;&rnf/ oHCdutm&mrf ausmif;wkdufBuD;ü
tapmift h a&Smuf (&u©u)&[ef;onf rdrad pmifah &SmufctwGu[ f k &nf-
rSwí f tyifta&twGurf nfrQ (odrYk [kw)f toD;ta&twGuf rnfrQ-
[k cJjG cm;í owfrw S x
f m;&rnf/ rdrt
d wGuf owfrw S x
f m;aom a0pkrS
opfoD;rsm;udk ausmif;odkY vma&mufawmif;oltm; av;ig;vkH; ay;&-
rnf/ (odkYr[kwf) þtyifrS ,lEdkifaMumif; ñTefjyEdkifonf/ oHCdu-
ydkifrS opfoD;rsm;udkrl oHCmtm; yefMum;NyD;rSom ay;cGifh&Sd\/
0denf;jypfvGwfatmif ay;auR;enf;
0denf;odu©myk'fawmfudk av;pm;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifh
opfoD; rkefYyJ oGm;&nfpm auR;arG;vdkygu vl'g,umwdkYudk wHjruf
vSn;f jcif;? jruf&iS ;f jcif;? yef;uefaq;jcif; paom a0,sm0pötrI wpfcck -k
udk jyKvkyf&ef apcdkif;&\/ xdkodkY apcdkif;&müvnf; þ opfoD;cJzG,fudk
pm;í þa0,sm0pö trIudk jyKavmh[k wpfqufwnf; auR;írcdkif;&/
þodYk wpfqufwnf; auR;çckid ;f vQif edó*¾yd gpdwt f mywfrS rvGwaf y/
þtvkyfudk vkyfyg[k cdkif;xm;NyD;rS þopfoD;udk pm;yg[k a0,sm0pö
jyKvkyfoltm; auR;arG;&mü ukv'loe rjzpf? tmywf roifhacs/
qyfjymponf ay;jcif;
&[ef;onf rdrdydkifqyfjymrIefY qyfjymcJ oGm;wdkufaq; ponfudk
a0,sm0pöjyKvyk o f t
l m; ay;urf;pGeMYf uEJ ikd \
f / olwpfyg;ydik yf pön;f oHCm-
ydkifypönf; ausmif;ykdifypönf;rsm;udk ay;&mü a&S;enf;twl ukv'loe
tmywfrsm; oifhEdkif\/ &[ef;onf rdrd rbkOf;ay;rD qGrf; cJzG,f
abmZOfrsm;ukd trdEiS hf tztm; auR;arG;aumif;\/ xkjYd yif rdbwdt Yk m;
vkyaf uR; jyKpak eol? ausmif;udpö oHCmhupd ö a0,sm0pöaqmif&u G o
f El iS hf
&Sifavmif;wdkYtm;vnf; ay;Edkif\/ tmywfroifhacs/
avmuGwfysLiSm jyKpkoifholrsm;
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf rdrdausmif;odkY &yfa0;rS a&muf&Sdvmaom
{nfhonftm;vnf;aumif;ç vSL'gef;&ef ypönf;r&Sd txD;usef qif;&J-
om;tm;vnf;aumif;ç tEÅ&m,fjyKEdkifaom Oya'rJh vufeufudkif-
rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;ç tpd;k &trIxrf; rif;pd;k &mZmwdt Yk m;vnf;aumif;ç
vmbfvmbudk rarQmv f ifb
h J tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ab;rS vGwaf p&ef &nf-
&G,fí avmuGwfysLiSm jyKaumif;onf/ jyKpkoifhonf/ aomufa&-
ok;H a& ay;&rnf/ eHeufyikd ;f wGif qGr;f cJz,G f abmZOfrsm; auR;arG;&rnf/
naeydik ;f jzpfrl csupf m;vdyk gu omraPESihf uyÜ, d wdx
Yk H tyfEx
HS m;aom
qef qD &SdvQif xkwfay;&rnf/ tdyf&m ae&may;&rnf/ &[ef;wdkY\
touftEÅ&m,fuv kd nf;aumif;ç ausmif;uefb&k m; taqmuftOD;ud-k
vnf;aumif; tEÅ&m,fjyKEkdifolwdkYtm; oHCduypönf;udkyif ay;auR;-
aumif;\/ rdrd rbkOf;ay;rD oD;jcm; cGJxm;í jyifqifauR;aumif;\/
þodYk jyKpjk cif;jzifh rdrtd ay: MunfnKd í ypön;f av;yg; vSL'gef;vdrrhf nf[k
arQmfvifhcsuf rxm;&/ tEÅ&m,frS toufab;rS vGwfajrmuf&m
vGwaf jrmufaMumif; ay;urf;auR;arG;jcif; jyKpjk cif; jzpfonf[k pdwu f
atmufarhqifjcifí jyKpkauR;arG;&rnf/
t*Fawç opfç 0g; ponf ay;jcif;
azsmpf yfNy;D aom t*Faw ajrnuf (odrYk [kw)f xk;H ç oJç bdvyfajrç
tkwrf eI aYf y;jcif;ç 'efyal y;jcif;ç Burd çf EG,çf avQmçf 0g;ç opfom;ç opfi,fç
jrufç jzLqHjrufç Nydef;jrufpaom aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;rS udk,fykdif
ypön;f rsm;udk vl'g,umwdt Yk m; (1) jzm;a,mif;odr;f oGi;f &ef? MunfnKd -
ap&ef? vSL'gef;ap&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh ay;vQif 'kuú#f? (2) rax&fBuD;
ausmif;xkid f bke;f Bu;D tjzpf tay:pD; &í ydik pf ;kd ykid ef if;jyKvyk í
f ay;vQif
xkvp’ Oö ;f ? (3) cd;k aMumifc;kd 0Sujf yKí oHCm rodatmif yke;f uG,zf ;Hk 0Suíf
(cdk;vdkaom pdwfjzifh) ay;vQif wefzdk;tavsmuf yg&mZdutmywftxd
oifhapEdkif\/
aq;ukoay;jcif;
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf vl'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYtm; aq;ruktyf?
aq;ray;tyf? aq;enf;vnf; ray;tyf? aq;ay; aq;ukvQif 'ku#ú -f
tmywfoifh\/ o'¨gw&m;jynfhpkHí ypönf;Opöm<u,f0csrf;omaom
bk&m;'g,um ausmif;'g,um tvSL'g,umwdu Yk kd aq;ay;jcif; aq;
ukjcif; rjyK&/
0denf;jypfvGwfatmif aq;enf;ay;jcif;
'g,umwpfO;D u ]]wynfah wmf\ rdcif zsm;emaeojzifçh rnfonf-h
a&m*g jzpfaeí aq;enf; ajymjyygbk&m;? aq;enf;aumif; ñTefjyyg-
bk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;vmvQif aq;ynm A[kow k &Sad om &[ef;onf
aq;enf;ukd wkud ½f u
dk f rajymjy&/ teD;ü&Sad om aq;ukaumif;ol &[ef;
omraP wpfO;D OD;tm; ajymonft h aejzifh ]]rnfonf&h [ef; rnfonfh
a&m*gjzpfpOfu rnfonfhaq;jzifh ukoí aysmufuif;zl;aMumif;}}
ajymMum;Edkifonf/ 'g,umjzpfolu eHab;rS Mum;emrSwfom;í ol\
rdciftm; xkdaq;enf;twdkif; ukoygvQif xdkaq;enf;ajymMum;aom
&[ef;rSm ukv'loetrI jyK&mra&muf? tmywf roifhacs/
odkYr[kwf 'g,umjzpfolu 0denf;em;vnfojzihf rnfolzsm;em-
onf rnfot l wGu[f k emrnfudk razmfñeT ;f bJ ]]þa&m*grsK;d jzpfaeol-
udk rnfonfah q;jzifh uko&oenf;}}[k aq;ynmoabmoufoufukd
ar;&mü xdka&m*g aysmufuif;apEdkifonfh aq;enf;rsm;udk ajymjycGifh
&Sd\/
aq;ukaumif;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;
&[ef;ESihf omraPrsm;onf rdr\
d crnf;awmf r,fawmfEiS hf ¤if;wdYk
tm; jyKpvk yk af uR;ol rdrt

d m; a0,sm0pö jyKvyk af y;olEiS hf &Siaf vmif;wd-Yk
tm; aq;ukay;tyf\/ vlemtm; aq;enf;ajymjyjcif; xdkvlem\
ypönf;jzifh aq;azmfpyfay;jcif; odkYr[kwf rdrdypönf;jzifh aq;azmfpyf
wdkufauR; ukoay;jcif; jyKEdkif\/ tu,fí rdrdü aq;ypönf;rsm;
r&Sdygu aqGrsKd;rsm;xH awmif;ívnf;aumif;ç zdwfMum;xm;aom
'g,umrsm;xHrS tvSLcHívnf;aumif;ç r&ygu aerGef;vGJtcsdefwGif
tdrpf OfvnS vhf nf&yfí qGr;f cHouJo
h Ykd aq;ypön;f tvSLcHívnf;aumif;
aq;ypönf;wdkYudk &SmazG azmfpyf ukoay;aumif;onf/
rdbrS wpfyg;aom aqGrsKd;rsm;tm; aq;ukoykH
xdjYk yif &[ef;ESihf aqGcek pfquf rsK;d ckepfqufawmfpyfol nDtpfukd
armifErS ESihf OD;Bu;D OD;av; ta':ponfwt Ykd m; ¤if;wd\
Yk aq;ypön;f jzifh
azmfpyfí ukoay;cGihf &S\ d / tu,fí rdryd idk f aq;ypön;f jzifh ukoay;-
&ygu aemifwpfcsdefwGif tpm;jyefay;Mu&ef ajymqdkí aq;ukoay;
Ekdifonf/ tvdkufodí tpm;jyefay;ygu ,l&rnf/ jyefray;ygu
¤if;aq;wdkYudk tpm;jyefrawmif;&/
oDwif;okH;azmf&[ef;\ rdbrsm;tm; aq;ukoykH
aq;ynmwwfuRrf;aom &[ef;onf rdrdESifh twlae&[ef;ç
q&m&[ef;ç wynfh&[ef;wdkY\ rdcifzcifwdkYtm; rvTJra&Smifomí
aq;ukoay;&ygu xdkom;&[ef;\ aq;0g;jzihf ukoay;&rnf/
xd&k [ef;ü t&eftoifh aq;r&Syd gu rdr\d aq;0g;rsm;udk om;&[ef;-
ydkiftjzpf ay;tyfNyD;rSom xdkom;&[ef;\ aq;jzifh ukoay;&rnf/
wjcm;aq;ukaumif;olrsm;
xdkYjyif tEÅ&m,fjyKEkdifaom Oya'rJh vufeufudkifrsm;ç ppf½IH;vm-
aom bk&ifESifh rif;rIxrf;rsm;ç c&D;onfrsm;ç &yfa0;rS a&mufvmaom
c&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;ç aqGrsKd;r&Sd txD;usefolwdkYonf rusef;rmojzifh
bke;f Bu;D ausmif;odYk 0ifa&mufcv
kd mygu aq;ukoay;Ekid o
f nf/ ukv'l-
oetmywf roifhacs/
y&dwf&Gwfjcif; ur®0gpmzwfjcif;
]]bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkY\ aetdrfESifh &yfuGufudk y&dwfç ur®0gjzifh
t&Htwm;jyKvkyfay;awmfrlygbk&m;? y&dwfç ur®0gpm zwfí apmifh-
a&Smuf ay;awmfryl gbk&m;}}[k awmif;yefavQmufxm;&mü y&dwf r&Gw-f
tyf? r&Gwaf umif;? ur®0gpmvnf; rzwfaumif;? rvdrm® aom 'g,um-
tm; em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef &Si;f jyí 0denf;ESihf nDatmif jyefvnf
avQmufxm;ap&rnf/ ]]y&dwfw&m;awmf csD;jr§ifhay;awmfrlygbk&m;?
(odrYk [kw)f y&dw&f w
G f <uawmfryl gbk&m;? ur®0gzwf <uawmfryl gbk&m;}}
[k avQmufxm;ygu y&dwfESifh ur®0gpm &GwfzwfcGifh &Sd\/ 'g,umwdkY
avQmufxm;wwfzdkY ta&;BuD;\/
y&dwfa&ESifh y&dwfcsnf jyKvkyfay;jcif;
y&dwfa&ESifh y&dwfcsnfwdkYudk &[ef;\ ypönf;jzifh jyKvkyfray;&?
'g,um 'g,dumrwdkY ydkifaom a&ESifh csnfcifwdkYjzifhom y&dwfa&ESifh
y&dwcf snf jyKvyk af y;&rnf/ &[ef;onf y&dw&f w G af epOf a&udk vufjzihf
arTaESmufay;jcif;? csnu f kd vufjzifh udik w
f ,
G o
f ;Hk oyfay;jcif; y&dwaf &ESihf
y&dwfcsnfwkdYudk jyKvkyfay;Ekdif\/ tmywfroifhacs/ y&dwfoJ y&dwfcJ
y&dwfyef;wdkY jyK&müvnf; enf;wlyif oabmayguf odjrifygav/
*gxmrEÅefponf ref;rIwfjcif;
aq;ukojcif;[k qdk&mü pm;aq; xdk;aq; vdrf;aq;wdkYjzihf uko-
jcif;omr[kwf *gxmrEÅejf zifh ref;rIwaf y;jcif;? txufvrf; atmufvrf;
ya,m*enf;rsm;jzifh aq;ukojcif;? aysmufapjcif;? aq;ukojcif;wdu Yk -kd
vnf; &[ef;awmfrsm; jyKvyk cf iG hf r&Sad cs/ tif;tdik f cg;vSYJ vufzUJG *0H½yk f

aq;za,mif;wdik f aq;EGm;½kypf aom taqmifrsm;ç t*¾&d wf"mwfv;Hk rsm;ç
pdeaf q;uefY 0uf'|k [f ifvuf paomtpDt&ifrsm;udk ay;jcif;onfvnf;
'g,um'g,dumrwd\ Yk ydrk Mkd unfnKd tm;ud;k tm;xm;rIrsm;udk cH&ojzifh
o'¨gw&m;tppftrSeu f kd ysupf ;D apaomaMumifh ukv'loetrIü tusK;H
0ifav\/ "mwf½u dk f "mwfqif ,Mwmacs ausmufw;Hk r ewfp;D "mwfp;D
vu©Pma[m aA'ifa[m edrdwfaumufjcif; csJtwdwf xDtwdwf
ay;jcif;wdkYudkvnf; tvm;wl ukv'loetrIwdkY[k qkdtyf\/ &[ef;-
awmfrsm; txl;owdxm; a&SmifMuOf&rnfh tcsufrsm; jzpfonf/
]wrefonf} jyKjcif;
wpf&yfwpfaus;a&muf&SdaeolxHodkY oGm;a&mufí owif;pum;
ajymMum;ay;jcif;? tusKd;taMumif;pkHprf;í rlvapvTwfolxH wpfzef
jyefí owif;ydjYk cif; (= wrefonf) rjyKvyk t f yf? jyKvyk v
f Qif ajcvSr;f wdik ;f
ajcvSrf;wdkif; 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ xdkodkY owif;pum; oGm;a&muf-
ajymMum;jcif;aMumifh &&SdaomqGrf;udk bkOf;ay;vQif rsKdwdkif;rsKdwdkif;
'ku#ú t
f mywf oif\ h / vlw\ Ykd avmuDpyD mG ;a&;udpö tdrrf uI pd ö use;f rm-
a&; vlrIa&;udpöwdkYESifh pyfaom owif;pum;wdkYudk oGm;a&muf rajym-
Mum;&ef wm;jrpfawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
owif;pum; ydkYaqmifaumif;aom t&mrsm;
&[ef; omraP &Sifavmif;wdkY\owif;pum; r,fawmf crnf;-
awmfESifh rdrd&[ef;\ a0,sm0pöjyKvkyfay;olwdkY\ owif;pum;udkrl
oGm;a&muf ajymMum;ay;aumif;\/ vl'g,umwdkY\ bk&m;wnf
ausmif;aqmuf &SifjyK tvSL'geyGJ paom omoema&; ukodkvfa&;ESifh
pyfvsOf;onfh owif;pum;wdkYudkrl ajymMum;ay;aumif;\/ tmywf
roifhacs/
vrf;c&D;MuHKí ar;jref;ojzifh ajymMum;jcif;
c&D;oGm; c&D;jyef&if; vrf;MuHKí 'umwdkYu tusKd;taMumif;
ar;jref;ojzifh ajzMum;ajymqdk&mürl tmywfroifhacs/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
rEÅav;NrdKUrS zcifjzpfol OD;bu &efukefNrdKU&Sd om;jzpfol udk0xHodkY
c&D;oGm;MuHKrnfh OK;aombdwudk rdrdrusef;rmaMumif;? aq;½kHwufí
Aku
d cf &JG aMumif; ponfajymMum;ay;yg&ef rSmMum;avQmufxm;vdu k \
f /
OK;aombdwonf ]]aumif;Ny?D aumif;yg&JU? [kwfuJh? ajymay;rnf?}}
ponfjzifh 0efcjH cif; rjyKvyk cf b
hJ J &efuek Nf rKd UodYk a&mufaomtcg ud0k \
tdrfodkY oGm;\/ udk0u pwifí rdrdzcifBuD;\ usef;rma&;taMumif;
tajctaeudk ar;ygu ajymjycGi&hf dS \? taMumif;pkH ajymjyEdik \ f ? tmywf
roifhacs/ odkYaomf udk0u rar;jref;bJ rdrdu pwifí oif\ zcifBuD;
rusef;rmaMumif;? aq;½kHwuf uko&aMumif;? AkdufcGJ&aMumif; ponf
owif;pum; ajymMum;vQif OK;aombdwonf ukv'loe'ku#ú t f mywf
oifh\/ vrf;c&D;MuHKí &[ef;awmfwdkY rSmMum;rI tjyKcH&ygu tmywf
roifhatmif ajymMum;ay;enf;rsm;udk rSwfom;oifhygonf/
taeoe (21) yg;
0denf;awmft& ]rtyfaomenf;jzifh ypönf;vmbfvmb&atmif
&SmrS;D jcif;}udk taeoe[k ac:\/ ¤if;wdrYk mS ukv'loe (8)yg; tygt0if
(21)yg; &Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm --
1/ yef;ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (ykyæ'ge)?
2/ opfoD;ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (zv'ge)?
3/ 'efyl (oGm;wdkufwH) ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; ('EÅu|'ge)
4/ csKd;a& rsufESmopfa& ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (ESmerkacg'-
u'ge)?
5/ qyfjymcJ qyfjymrIefY ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (pkPÖ'ge)?
6/ ajrjzL ajreDrIefY bdvyfajr xkH;rIefYay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif;

(rwådum'ge)?
7/ 0g; "ed oufu,f ponfay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (a0VK'ge)?
8/ opfom;paom aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;ay;í vmbfvmb
&SmrSD;jcif; ('g½k'ge)?
9/ rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsí ]cifAsm;} ]uRefawmf} ][kwfuJh} ponfjzifh
'g,umwdt Yk m; ajymMum;í vmbfvmb&SmrS;D jcif; (pmwkurswm)?
10/ rrSew f pfcsuf rSew f pfcsuaf jymí vmbfvmb&SmrS;D jcif; (rk*o
¾ yl s-
wm)?
11/ uav;xdef;ay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (yg&dbEswm)?
12/ vlwdkY\ trIudpöwdkYudk ulnDvkyfudkifay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif;
(ZCFayoeduwm)?
13/ aq;ukay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; (0ZÆur®)?
14/ ]wreftrI}jyKvkyfay;í vmbfvmb&SmrSD;jcif; ('lwur®)?
15/ vufaqmif wkejYf yefay;í vmbfvmb&SmrS;D jcif; (vmabevmbH
edZ0D o
D e)?
16/ ,majrcif;t*Fgvu©Pmudk edrdwfzwfa[mí vmbfvmb&SmrSD;-
jcif; (0w¬K0dZÆm)?
17/ v,fajr\ t*Fgvu©Pmudk edrw d zf wfa[mí vmbfvmb &SmrS;D -
jcif; (acwå0dZÆm)?
18/ a,mufsm; rde;f rwd\ Yk Mueftifvu©Pmudk edrw d zf wfa[mMum;í
vmbfvmb&SmrS;D jcif; ("mwf½u dk f "mwfqif aA'ifa[m cstJ wdwf
xDtwdwfa[mwkdYukdyg ,l?) (£w¬dyk&dovu©Pm)
19/ tjrJ qGrf;cHr<u&ef wm;jrpfxm;aom (6)XmewdkYü &if;ESD;pGm tjrJ
qGrf;cHjcif; (ta*gp&|me)?
20/ rif;pdk;&mZm tpdk;&trIxrf;wdkYESifh tuRrf;w0if rdwfzGJUí ypönf;-
vmbfvmb&Sm;rSD;jcif; (&mZ0v’b)?
21/ omoemawmfü rMunfndKol (bmomjcm;)omoemawmf\
qefuY sib f ufy*k Kd¾ vw
f EYkd iS hf rdwzf UJG í vmbfvmb&SmrS;D jcif; (omo-
eypöwu d¬ )?
þazmfjyyg rtyfaom &SmrSD;jcif; taeoe (21)yg;jzifh &&Sdvm-
aom ypön;f udk rS0D o J ;Hk aqmifvQif ok;H aqmifwikd ;f 'ku#ú t
f mywf oif\
h /
þenf;wdjYk zifh &&Sad om ypön;f wduYk kd tjcm;&[ef;rsm;vnf; rok;H aqmif-
tyf okH;aqmifvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/
tjrJ qGrf;rcHtyfaom (6) Xme
&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg (6)XmeodkY tuRrf;-
w0ifjyKí tjrJwrf; qGrf;rcHtyfay/
1/ jynfhwefqmrtdrf? 2/ rkqdk;rtdrf? 3/ tysKdBuD;tdrf? 4/ y@Kuf
(rdef;rvsm)tdrf? 5/ bdu©KeDrausmif;? 6/ aowif;ukyf (t&ufqdkif)
[k (6)XmewdkYwnf;/
(aqmif) y@Kufç jynfhwefqmç tysKdBuD;a*[mç vifuGm rkqdk;r/
bdu©KeDausmif;ç t&ufqdkifaygif;? ¤if; ajcmufXme/
tuRrf;w0ify? qGrf;cH<u? rSwfMu taeoe/
rdpämZD0rsm; tusOf;rSwf&ef
rdpäm = rSm;,Gif;aom? tmZD0 = toufarG;rI/ tmZD0yg&do'k -d¨
oDvcef;wGif tus,af &;om;cJNh y;D jzpfonf/ tusO;f csKyf rSwfom;&ef
jyefvnfa&;om;ygOD;rnf/ rpifMu,faom ypön;f udk ok;H aqmifjcif; rS0D -J
jcif;onf rdpämZD0 rnf\/ ,ckjyqdkcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif; 1/ trsKd;av;yg;-
wdkY\ o'¨gw&m;zsufqD;jcif; (ukv'loe)? 2/ rtyfaom &SmrSD;jcif;
(21-yg;aom taeoe)? 3/ MunfndKol aygrsm;í ypönf;vmbfvmb

&&Sdap&ef [dwf[efxkwfí ta&mifaqmifjcif; (uk[e)? 4/ 'g,um
'g,dumrwdkYtm; ajr§mufyifhajymMum;jcif; (vye)? 5/ psmef r*f zdkvf
w&m;xl; &oa,mif 0g<um;jcif; (tblwOv’mye)? 6/ rdrt d m; ypön;f
vSL'gef;ap&ef apmif;yg;&dyfjcnfjyKjcif; (aerdwådu)? 7/ rvSL vSLatmif
tMuyfuikd jf cif; (edayÜou
d )? ¤if; trIwuYkd kd jyKvyk í
f &aom ypön;f rsm;udk
okH;aqmif rSD0JvQifvnf; rdpämZD0 jzpf\/
uk[e = ta,mifaqmif [dwf[efxkwfjcif;
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf rdru d ,kd w
f ikd f pDpOfí a&SUawmfajy;vrf;jyrsm;ç
tcrf;tem;taqmifta,mifrsm;jzifh oGm;vmjcif;ç cif;usi;f jyojcif;
jyKvkyfygu [dwf[efxkwfjcif; uk[ernf\/ 'g,umwdkYu ylaZmfvdk-
ojzifh olwdkYbmom jyKvkyfaom tcrf;tem;rSmrl [dwf[efxkwf&m
ra&mufyg/ uwåyD gouFe;f ç yd;k zJouFe;f ç azmh&eS of uFe;f ta&mifwvuf-
vuf xGuaf omouFe;f ponf 0wfqifjcif;onfvnf; uk[erI jyK&m-
a&muf\/
vltMunfnKd cv H o
kd jzifh awm&ausmif;ü aejcif;? rtdyrf ae tm;-
xkwfonf[k [kwfonfhtwdkif; vlwdkYtm; ajymMum;vQifaomfvnf;-
aumif;ç r[kwfbJ ajymMum;vQifaomfvnf;aumif;? [dwf[efxkwfí
olwpfyg; txifBuD;atmif 0g<um;ajymMum;jcif;onfvnf; uk[e
rnf\/ ig\ ausmif;odkY usm;BuD;wpfaumifvmonf/ wapä o&Jrsm;
ighxHvmí w&m;emMuonf/ rjrif&aom ewfwdkY ighxH vmMuonf?
ponfjzifh vltxifBu;D atmif ajymMum;jcif;? y&dowftv,fü pdyyf w k ;D
udkifí EIwfoD;wvIyfvIyf jyKvkyfjcif;? vljrifuGif; vlvmaomtcgusrS
ur®|mef;xkid jf yjcif;? vla&SU ola&SUtrsm;jrifom xifomaom ae&mwdüYk
owdy|meftrSwjf zifh vrf;avQmufjcif; avmbtvdq k E´ enf;yg;ol[k
vltrsm; txifBuD;ap&ef ywåykdPfbkOf;ay;jcif;? vltrsm; txifBuD;
atmif oufowfvGwfpm;jcif;? ouFef;ta[mif;tnHhudk 0wfjcif;?
okomefü w&m;usijhf cif;? tMum;tjrifaygufo[
l k vltrsm;xifatmiff
odatmifjyKjcif;? vlxky&dowf tkwfatmfaomif;wif; 0dkif;0ef;Munfh½I
atmif jyKvkyfjcif; ponfwkdYonf [efaqmifrIjyKvkyfjcif; (uk[e)
rnf\/ þodYk uk[etrIukd jyKí&aom ypön;f vmbfvmbjzifh touf-
arG;rIonfvnf; rdpämZD0yif jzpf\/ uk[eokH;rsKd;udk a&SUü a&;cJhNyD;
jzpfonf/
vye = ajr§mufyifhajymqdkí ypönf;&Smjcif;
&[ef;onf 'g,umwdkYudk omoemh'g,umBuD;? bk&m;'umBuD;?
ausmif;'umBuD;? ausmif;tpfrBuD;? bk&m;'umBuD;? rif;uawmfBuD;?
0efrif;? trwfrif;? Ouú|BuD;? wdkif;rSL;BuD;ponfjzihf ]BuD;}wpfvkH;udk
rcswrf;okH;í rdrdtm; o'¨gMunfndK ydkrdkvSL'gef;csifatmif ajr§mufyifh
ajymqk\ d / xdo
k Ykd ajymqdjk cif;aMumifh &&Sad omypön;f wdu
Yk kd ok;H aqmifvQif
rdpämZD0 jzpf\/ þodkY ajr§mufyifhajymqdkjcif; (vye)udkvnf; &[ef;wdkY
rjyKoifhacs/
tblwOv’ye = psmefr*fzdkvf &oa,mif 0g<um;jcif;
rdru
d kd vlwYdk txifBu;D í MunfnKd ap&ef igonf psmef&onf? psmef-
udk 0ifpm;Edik of nf? aomwmyef jzpfonf? ou'g*grfç tem*grfç &[EÅm
jzpfonf? 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfukd &onf? igonf xderd'üdk y,ftyfNyD?
igonf qdwNf ird &f m t&yfüom arGUavsmo f nf ponfjzifh 0g<um;ajymqd-k
jcif;? rdrdudk,fwdkifu awmausmif;aeoljzpfí awmausmif;bkef;BuD;-
onf &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf jzpfonf? rdrdu ouFef;tndK 0wfxm;vsuf
t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYonf ouFef;tndKudk 0wf\[lívnf;aumif;? rdrdu
OK;aumov’\ wynfhjzpfí OK;aumov’\ wynfh&[ef;rsm;onf
wefc;kd Bu;D aom psmef&yk*Kd¾ vrf sm; jzpfMu\[lívnf;aumif; oG,0f u dk í
f
ajymMum;vQifvnf; r[kwfrrSef 0g<um;ajymqdkjcif; (tblwOv’mye)

rnf\/
edrdwåur® = t&dyfta&mifjy ajymqdkjcif;
MuHacsmif;rsm; xrf;vmaom 'g,umudk awGUí ]]'g,umwdkY\
MucH if;rS Muo
H nf csK\
d avm}}[k ar;jcif;? pm;zG,af omufz,
G f wpfpw
Hk pfck
,laqmif o,fy;kd vmolukd ]]bmawG o,faqmifvmovJç pm;p&mawG
ygMuovm;}}ponfjzifh ar;jcif;onf rvTrJ a&Smifom tm;emí vSLap&ef
t&dyt f a&mif ajymqdjk cif;rSeo
f rQonf edrw
d u
å r®rnf\/ þodYk ajymqdík
&aom ypönf;0w¬Kudk okkH;aqmifrSD0JvQif rdpämZD0 jzpf\/
edayÜodu = rvSLçvSLatmif tMuyfudkifajymqdkjcif;
rdrtd m; wpfpw Hk pf&m rvSL'gef;zl;ol &Gmol&mG om; &yfo&l yfom;wdu Yk kd
]]þolawG[m o'¨gw&m;u acG;vsufwmxuf ajymifao;w,f? 'Dvl
awGudk w&m;a[mvQif vQmomxGufí zwfzwfarmr,f? qefjzLwpf
cGufrQ xGufrnfhykHray:}} ponf ajymjcif;? ]]'D'umBuD;udk o'¨gw&m;
r&Sdbl;vdkY b,folajymovJ¿ tjrJwrf; uefawmhqGrf;avmif;wJh
'umBuD;yJ? 'D'umBuD;u ]ew¬d}udk vSLw,f}} ponfjzifh tjypfajymí
y&dowftv,fü uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sjcif;? jyuf&,fjyKjcif;? aemufu, G üf o'¨g-
w&m;enf;yg;ol uyfap;enf;ol ESajrmwGew Yf o
kd [l k uJ&h UJ jcif;? raumif;-
owif;jzefYjcif;onf xdkoltm; rvSLçvSLatmif tMuyfudkif&m a&muf-
ojzifh *kPu f kd Buw
d af jcí tjypf&mS jcif; (edayÜou d ) rnf\/ þenf;jzifh
&&Sdaom ypönf;udk okH;aqmifrSD0JvQif rdpämZD0 jzpf\/
owdxm;&ef
txufü azmfjycJhaom ukv'loerIç taeoerIç rdpämZD0trI-
wdkYteuf ukv'loetrIjyKaom &[ef;udkom xdkNrdKU xdk&Gm xdkausmif;-
wduk rf S ESix
f w
k jf cif; (yAÁmZeD,uH) jyK&rnf/ tjcm;aom taeoetrI
rdpämZD0rIjyKvkyfaom &[ef;rsm;udkrl ESifxkwfjcif;trI jyK&ef rvdkacs/
aemufxyfwpfzef tvm;wl trIrsm; rusL;vGeaf wmhyg[k pdwq f ;Hk jzwf-
vsuf &&Sdxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udk pGefYypfí oifha&mufaom tmywfudk
a'oemMum; ukpm;&efom vdkonfudk od&SdrSwfom;oifhonf/
(&[ef;usifhzG,f?142/)
or®mtmZD0jzpf&ef vdk&if;tcsufrsm;
ukv'loe&Spyf g;? taeoeESpq f ,fw h pfyg;? uk[eç vyeç Ov’yeç
edrdwåur®ç edayÜodu [laom rdpämZD0ig;yg;? uk[eokH;yg;? vye
wpfq,fo h ;Hk yg;? aerdwu då wm ajcmufyg;? edayÜou d wm wpfq,fw h pfyg;?
temrmo a&Tç aiGEiS hf pyfí rtyfaom tvSLcHenf;jzifh &aomypön;f ?
aqGrsK;d rawmf rzdwMf um;xm;aom olwx Ykd rH S awmif;jcif;aMumifh &aom
ypön;f ? rdrüd &[ef;aus;Zl; r&Sb d J &Sad ,mifrí l ajymqdjk cif;aMumifh &aom
ypönf;? vmbfudk awmifhwí jyKaomtrIaMumifh &aomypönf;? yifudk
½dk;om; omoemBuD;yGm;vdkaom pdwfjzifh r[kwfbJ vltrsm;\ csD;rGrf;
ylaZmfouúm&udk awmifw h í 0denf;udk av;pm;[efjzifh pmayoif,u l m
pmoifwdkufzGifhjcif;? ausmfaZmxif&Sm;vdkí (0g) udk,fhausmif;wdkuf
pnfum;wd;k wufví kd ud, k wf ikd v f nf; w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;? olwpfyg;ud-k
vnf; jyoonfqu kd m &dyo f maxmifjcif;? rdru d ,
kd uf kd psmef&ol r*fzvkd -f
&olxifatmif psmefr*fzv kd Ef iS hf eD;pyfaom psmefpum; r*fpum; ajymqdrk çI
oGm;jcif;ç &yfjcif;ç xkid jf cif;ç avsmif;jcif;[laom £&d,mykxf av;yg;wdüYk
vloltrsm; txifBuD;atmif [dwf[efaqmifjcif;trIwdkYjzifh &&Sdav-
orQaom ypönf;wdkYudk okH;aqmifjcif;onf rdpämZD0 jzpf\/
okwo f v
D u©ef jA[®Zmvokwaf wmfü a[mMum;xm;aom rdpmä ZD0
trIrsKd; (152)yg; &Sdao;\/ xdkygVdawmf jrefrmjyefü Munfh½IMuyg&ef
odaptyfygonf/
xkrd pd mä ZD0ypön;f wdu

Yk kd tjypfusL;vGeo
f l xd&k [ef;ESiw
hf uG oDwif;-
okH;azmf ig;OD;vkH;yif rokH;pGJaumif; okH;pGJwdkif; &[ef;rSm 'kuú#ftmywf?
omraPwdkYrSm 'Pfxkduf\/ xdkrdpämZD0wdkYrS a&SmifMuOfí w&m;ojzifh
&aom ypön;f wkjYd zifo h m aexdik pf m;aomuf toufarG;aom &[ef;onf
or®mtmZD0 jzpfonf? toufarG;rI pifMu,fro S m or®mtmZD0r*¾iEf iS hf
jynfph rHk nfjzpfí w&m;tm;xkwrf nfh &[ef; omraPwdYk txl;owdxm;
oifah yonf/ vdu k ef musiMhf uH tm;xkw&f rnfw h &m;\ tajccHov D jzpf
aMumif; oabmaygufem;vnfMuonfjzpfí txl; av;pm;vdu k ef mMu-
&ef wkdkufwGef;tyfygonf/
"""
oHCm'daooftmywf (13) yg; tusOf;

1/ okuú0dó|d = vGwfapvkdaom apwema&S;&Sdaom armpeóm'
&m*jzifh edrdwfukdvHkYvjyKí okufvTwfjcif;/
2/ um,oHo*¾ = rmwk*grESifh ukd,fvufESD;aESmjcif;/
3/ 'k|Kv’0gpm = arxkefESihfpyfaom 0pör*fç yóm0r*fESifhpyfaom
½kefY&if;aompum;ukd rmwk*grtm; ajymjcif;/
4/ twåumryg&dp&d, = rdrdtwGuf arxkeftvSLcHjcif;/
5/ oÍö&dwå = rdef;rESifha,mufsm;ukd atmifoG,fay;jcif;/
6/ uk#u d m& = rdrad exkid b
f &Ydk m aqmufvyk o
f 'l g,umr&Sad om Ov’w d å
paom yrmPvGef ausmif;i,f aqmufjcif;/
7/ 0d[m&um& = rdrdaexkdifbkdY&m aqmufvkyfol'g,um&Sd Ov’dwå
paom ausmif;BuD; aqmufjcif;/
8/ yxr'k|a'go = jrifjcif;ç Mum;jcif;ç ,HkrSm;jcif; tvQif;r&SdbJ
&[ef;ukd yg&mZdujzifh pGyfpGJjcif;/
9/ 'kw, d 'k|a'go = wpfyg;aom tbdt Yk rnf wnf&mjyKí &[ef;ukd
yg&mZdujzifh pGyfpJGjcif;/ (Oyrm - qdwfzdkudk 'AÁ[kç qdwfrukd
arwå, d m [k emrnfay;í 'AÁEiS fh arwå, d mwkoYd nf arxkerf 0DS MJ u-
onf[k pGyfpGJjcif;rsKd;wnf;/)
10/ oHCab' = oHCmuGJjym;rI vHkYvjyKí Úwådpwkw¬ur®0gpmjzifh
qHk;r&m t,lukd rpGefYjcif;/
11/ ab'gEk0wåu = oHCmoif;cJaG om ol\aemufoYdk twkvu dk af om
&[ef;ukd ur®0gpmjzifh qHk;r&m xkdaemufvkduf&[ef;u t,lukd
rpGefYjcif;/
12/ 'kAÁp = odu©myk'fjzifh tqHk;tr rcH? jyefvSefajymí ur®0gpmjzifh
qHk;r&m t,lukd rpGefYjcif;/
13/ ukv'lou = yef;ay;jcif; opfo;D ay;jcif; ponfjzifh 'g,umwk\ Yd
o'¨gw&m;ukd zsufqD;í ur®0gpmjzifh qHk;r&m t,lukd rpGefYjcif;/
(tus,fukd qdkif&modu©myk'fokdY ½Iyg/)
oHCm'daooftmywfukpm;enf;
a&S;OD;pGmoHCm'daooftmywf wpfu,foifh roifh qH;k jzwf&rnf/
oHCm'daooftmywfroifb h J 0wfaqmufwnfvQif 'ku#ú t
f mywfoifh
onf/ oHCmukd n§O;f qJ&mvnf; a&mufonf/ oifah &mufcahJ omf nOfzh ;kH
vTrf;rI &Sd r&Sd qHk;jzwf&rnf/
oHCm'daooftmywf oifha&mufaom&[ef;onf tmywfoifh
a&mufaom&uf t½kPrf wufrD tmywfudk a'oemrMum;vQif nOfzh ;kH
vTr;f onf rnf\/ nOfzh ;kH vTr;f &ma&muf\/ tmywfoifah &mufaom&uf
t½kPrf wufrD a'oemMum;vQif nOfzh ;kH vTr;f onf rrnf/ nOfzh ;kH vTr;f &m
ra&muf/ xkaYd Mumifh a&S;q&mawmfBu;D tcsKUd onf t½kPrf wufrD bk&m;
0wfjyKcgeD;ü aeYpOf a'oemMum;awmfrlavh &SdMuonf/ nOfhzHk;vTrf;ç
rzHk;vTrf;ukd zHk;vTrf;jcif; t*Fg (10)yg;jzifh pdppf&m\/
zHk;vTrf;jcif;t*Fg (10) yg;
(1) tmywfoifhjcif;? (2) tmywfoifh\[k trSwf&Sdjcif;? (3)
yuwwfjzpfjcif;? (4) yuwwf[k trSwf&Sdjcif;? (5) tEÅ&m,f (10)yg;
wpfyg;yg; r&Sjd cif;? (6) tEÅ&m,fr&S[
d k trSw&f dSjcif;? (7) &[ef;wpfyg;yg;
xH oGm;í a'oemajymjcif;iSm pGr;f Ekid jf cif;? (8) oGm;í a'oemajymjcif;-

iSm pGrf;Ekdif\[k trSwf&Sdjcif;? (9) zHk;vTrf;jcif;iSm tvkd&Sdjcif;? (10)
zHk;vTrf;jcif;[k (10)yg; jzpfonf/
zHk;vTrf;jcif;t*Fg (10) yg; &Sif;vif;csuf
(1) tmywfoifhjcif;? (2) tmywfoifh\[k trSwf&Sdjcif;[lonf
oifha&mufaom trIonf tmywfoifhaom trI [kwfjcif;wnf;/
]]tmywfoifh\/ oifhNyD}}[k odjcif;wnf;/
þokdY odvsuf zHk;tHh? zHk;onf rnf\/ tmywf[krodvQif zHk;onf
rrnf/ tmywfr[kwo f nfudk tmywf[v k nf;aumif;ç tmywfr[kw[f k
vnf;aumif; trSw&f ídS zH;k aomfvnf; zH;k onfrrnf/ (v[ku)xkvp’ Oö ;f
paom atmuftmywf (5)yHu k dk (*½ku)oHCm'daoof[í l vnf;aumif;
(*½ku)oHCm'daoofudk (v[ku)xkvp’ Oö ;f paom atmuftmywf (5)yHk
[lívnf;aumif; zHk;tHh/ zHk;onfrrnf/ tvZÆDum; jzpf\/ *½kuukd
v[kuxifí a'oemMum;tHh/ Mum;onfrrnf/ zHk;onfvnf; rrnf/
*½kuukd *½ku[kodí zHk;tHh/ zHk;onfrnf\/
*½ku v[ku[k rodbJaomfum; tmywfukd zHk;rnf[k zHk;tHh
zHk;onfom rnf\/
(3) yuwwfjzpfjcif;? (4) yuwwf[ktrSwf&Sdjcif;[lonf oHk;yg;
aom Oau©yeD,uH tjyKrcH&aom &[ef;onf yuwwfrnf\/
yuwwf&[ef; jzpf\/ rdrdudk,fukd yuwwf&[ef;[k odvsuf zHk;tHh?
zH;k onf rnf\/ yuwwfr[kwb f J tyuwwfjzpfcahJ omf tyuwwf
[k odaomfvnf;aumif;ç rodaomfvnf;aumif;ç zH;k vkí d zH;k aomfvnf;-
aumif; zHk;onfrrnf/
(5) tEÅ&m,f (10)yg; wpfyg;yg; r&Sdjcif;? (6) tEÅ&m,fr&Sd[k
trSwf&Sdjcif;[lonf tEÅ&m,f (10)yg; wpfyg;rQ r&SdvQif tEÅ&m,f
uif;onf rnf\/ tEÅ&m,fuif;vsufç tEÅ&m,fuif;aMumif;odvsuf
zHk;tHh - zHk;onf rnf\/ aMumufwwfaomaMumifh nOfhrdkufaomtcg
bDvl;paom tEÅ&m,f&Sdonf xifí zHk;tHh/ zHk;onf rrnf/ awmBudK
awmifMum; aeol jzpfí jrpfponf ul;í a'oemMum;tyfonf jzpft/hH
bDvl;ab;ç a>rab;ç a&ab;ponfvnf; &SdtHh/ tEÅ&m,fwpfck&Sdí
omvQif tEÅ&m,f&o dS nfxifí zH;k tH?h zH;k onfrrnf/ tEÅ&m,f&odS t l m;
tEÅ&m,f&o dS nfxifí vnf;aumif;ç r&S[ d x
k ifívnf;aumif; zH;k vQif
rzHk;onfom rnf\/
(7) &[ef;wpfyg;xHoGm;í a'oemajymjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdifjcif;? (8)
oGm;í a'oemajymjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdif\[k trSwf&Sdjcif;[lonf &[ef;
wpfyg;yg;xH oGm;í a'oemMum;&ef pGr;f Ekid o f u
l m;? pGr;f Ekid rf eS ;f odvsuf
zHk;tHh - zHk;onf rnf\/ cHwGif;tenf;i,fem½kHç oGm;em½kHç qGrf;pm;
raumif;½kHrQjzifh pGrf;Ekdifaomfvnf; rpGrf;Ekdif[k xifí zHk;tHh - zHk;onf
rrnf/ rpGrf;Ekdifolum; pGrf;Ekdifonfxifívnf;aumif;? rpGrf;Ekdif[k
xifívnf;aumif; zHk;thH - rzHk;onfomrnf\/
(9) zHk;vTrf;jcif;iSm tvkd&Sdjcif;? (10) zHk;vTrf;jcif;wdkYrSm ay:vGif
xif&Sm;\/
zHk;vTrf;jcif;aMumifh t½kPfwufonfESifh y#dpäm'e'kuú#fvnf;
oifh\/
(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum+ygwdarmu©ar'deD+0denf;plV0gt&om-y-wGJ)
zHk;vTrf;rI vkd&if;oHk;yg;
1/ zHk;vTrf;jcif;iSm tvkd&Sdjcif;?
2/ a'oemrMum;awmh[k 0efcsjcif;?
3/ t½kPfwufjcif;wnf;/
(aqmif) oifw h tkH mywfç yuwwfç uif;vwftEÅ&m,fç Mum;iSm pGr;f jim;ç

onDyGm;ç &Spfyg;o½kyfcs,fç zHk;vTrf;vkdjim;ç zHk;vTrf;xm;ç q,fyg;
zHk;vTrf;zG,f/
zHk;vkd0efcsç t½kPç wufuvkd&if;wnf;/
(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum + ygwdarmu©ar'deD)
oHCm'daoof (13) yg;rS xl;jcm;csufrsm;

oHCm'daoof (13)yg;&Sdaomfvnf; a&S;qHk;odu©myk'f (5)yk'fom
tmywftoifhrsm;avonf/ xkd (5)yk'fwkdYwGifvnf; a&S;qHk; (3)yk'fom
tmywfoifv h ,
G \f / oHo,jzpfwwfMu\/ twåumryg&dp&d,odum©
yk'f? oÍö&dwåodu©myk'fwkdYum; odomxif&Sm;\/ okuú0dó|dodu©myk'fç
um,oHo*¾ou d m© yk'Ef iS hf 'k|Kv0’ gpmodum© yk'w
f u
Ydk dk tenf;i,f wifjy
vkdonf/
okuú0dó|dodu©myk'f
t*Fg (3) yg;
oku0ú ód |dou d m© yk'üf (1) vGwaf pvkad om apwemxif&mS ;&Sjd cif;?
(2) vHv
Yk ya,m*jyKjcif;? (3) okuv f w
G jf cif;[k t*Fg (3)yg;&S\
d / xdt
k *Fg
rsm; rjynfhpHkvQif oHCm'daooftmywf roifhacs/
(aqmif) vGwaf pvkiYd mS apwemwnfçh AsmygvHv Yk jyKru
d vQi;f ç okuv
f w
G -f
jcif;[kç aMumif;&if;oHk;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD 0dó|d/
okufvGwfjcif;ü &m* (11) rsKd;
1/ armpeóm'&m* = a&S;tbküYd okuu f dk vGwaf pvkad om apwem
xif&mS ;&Sad om&m*jzifh okuv f w
T jf cif;/ þeHygwfwpf &m*onfom
oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\/
2/ rkpöeóm'&m* = okufvGwfqJcPü om,mjcif;/
3/ rkwåóm'&m* = okufvGwfNyD;aomtcg om,mjcif;/
4/ arxkeóm'&m* = arxkeftrIü om,mjcif;/
5/ zóóm'&m* = tawGUtxdü om,mjcif;/
6/ u@K0Póm'&m* = ,m;emazsmufjcif;ü om,mjcif;/
7/ 'óeóm'&m* = jrifjcif;ü om,mjcif;/
8/ edóZÆóm'&m* = rmwk*grESifh twlxkdifaejcif;ü om,mjcif;
9/ 0gpóm'&m* = ½kefY&if;aom pum;rsKd;ukd ajymqkdjcif;ü om,m-
jcif;/
10/ a*[ódwayr&m* = trdç trç ESrç aqGrsKd;ukdrSDaom cspfjcif;ü
om,mjcif;/
11/ 0eb*Ø,&m* = awmxJrS qGwfcl;íaqmif,lvmaom yef;ç
opfoD; ponfukd rSDíjzpfaom om,mjcif;/
þaemuf&m* (10)rsK;d jzifh edrw
d üf vHv
Yk jyKí okuv
f w
G af omfvnf;
vGwfvdkaomapwem r&Sdrl oHCm'daooftmywfroifh[k od/
(ygwdarmu©ar'deD -102/)
xkdaMumifh t*Fg (3)yg;? &m* (11)yg;wkdYESifh aoaocsmcsm pdppfyg
av/ tmywfwu,foifNh y[ D k ,kMH unfpw
d cf s&rSomvQif y&d0gofaqmuf
wnf ukpm;yg/ rdru
d ,dk w
f idk f rqH;k jzwfEidk v
f Qif usr;f wwfvZÆyD *k Kd¾ v\
f
tMuHÓPf tqHk;tjzwfukd tjzpfrSefajymjyí cH,lav/
tdrfrufrufí okufvGwfqJ tcsdefü Edk;vmaomf rvIyf&Sm;bJ
Nird af eu om,maomfvnf; tmywfroifah o;/ okaYd omf xdo k Ykd Ed;k vmí
odaomtcg ykdívGwfapvkdaom apwemjzihf wpfqHcsDrQaomfvnf;
ukd,fukdvIyf&Sm;rdygu oHCm'daooftmywfoifhEdkifonf/ ouFef;ç
tdy&f mcif;ponfudk rayusaH pvdak om apwemjzifh vIy&f mS ;rdygrl tjypf
rjzpfyg/
um,oHo*¾odu©myk'f
arG;zGm;cgp oli,frudyk ifjzpfap vlZmwf&adS om rde;f rukd xdvçdk
ukid v
f dk oH;k oyfvadk om um,oHo*¾&m*pdwjf zifh qHyifç arG;nif;ç t*Fg
BuD;i,fwkdYukd xdukdifoHk;oyf ayGUzufvQif um,oHo*¾oHCm'daoof
tmywfoifh\/
t*Fg (5) yg;
(1) vlrdef;rjzpfjcif;ç (2) vlrdef;r[kodjcif;ç (3) um,oHo*¾&m*
&Sjd cif;ç (4) vHUk vya,m* tm;xkwjf cif;ç (5) xduidk rf jd cif; aygif; (5)yg;/
(aqmif) vlrdef;ryifç rdef;rxifvsufç oHo*f&m*ç vHkYvjyKvsOf;ç ukdifrd-
jcif;[kç aMumif;&if;ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD oHo*¾/
ajcukd qkyfe,fí &Sdckd;vkdaom rdef;rukd wm;jrpftyf\/ ajcukd
aomfvnf; ouFe;f jzifh zH;k vTr;f tyf\/ rwkerf vIyaf omfvnf; aetyf\/
rwkefrvIyfaeaom &[ef;tm; pdwfuom,maomfvnf; tmywf
roif/h qGr;f avmif;ç qGr;f uyf&mü rawmfwq vufponfwjYdk zifh xdr½d -Hk
rQjzifh oHCm'daooftmywfroifh/ &m*pdwfjzifh rdrd\ um,ya,m*ç
0pDya,m*ygrS oifo h nf/ q&m0ef q&mrwkYd prf;oyf&mç aq;xk;d &mü-
vnf; Nidrfí om,m½kHrQjzifh oHCm'daooftmywf roifh[k rSwfyg/
okaYd omf prf;oyfpOf aq;xk;d pOf om,mrIjzifh rdrud ,dk u
f dk vIy&f mS ;rdygu
oHCm'daooftmywfoifhEkdifonf/
bk&m;yJG ausmif;yJG armfawmf,mOfay:ponfwüYdk rmwk*grrsm; Mum;
wk;d a0SMY u&mwGif oHCm'daooftmywfoifw h wfonf/ ¤if; rmwk*grwd-Yk
\ vufç ajcç qHyifponfESihf ,kwfpGtqHk; t0wfyg;Mum;rS wkd;xGuf
aeaom tarG;wku Yd kd xdvakd om pdwjf zifh xdatmifBuKd ;pm;í xdrcd ahJ omf
oHCm'daooftmywfoifhonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm; owdxm;oifhonf/
'k|Kv’0gpm odu©myk'f
tysKd vlysKdwkdY arxkefESifhpyfaompum; ajymqkdouJhokdY odç Mum;
em;vnfEkdifaom rdef;rtm; 0pör*fç yóm0r*fç arxkefESifh pyfaom
½ke&Yf if;aom pum;ajymMum;vQif xkcd Pü xkrd ed ;f rem;vnfygu 'k|Kv-’
0gpm oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\/
t*Fg (5) yg;

(1) vlrdef;rjzpfjcif;ç (2) rdef;r[krSwfxifjcif;ç (3) ½kefY&if;aom
pum;ü om,mjcif;ç (4) xk&d m*jzifah jymjcif;ç (5) ajymqJcPü csucf si;f
odjcif; aygif; 5 yg;jzpfonf/
(aqmif) vlred ;f ryifç rde;f rxifvwfç 0gpóm'ç xk&d m*jzifçh ajymjyavbdç
csufcsif;od[kç aMumif;&if;ig;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD 'k|Kv’/
odc&PDod = eif[m tom;pGe;f xGuaf eonf/ orÇEd mé od = 0pör*fç
yóm0r*fpyfaeonf/ ObawmAsÍÆeumod = oifhrSm r*fESpfck&Sdonf/
tedrwd må od = edrw
d rf ygwJh aumifrç edrw d rå wåmod = jynfjh ynfph pHk kH rygbJ
edrdwf&mav;rQygwJhaumifr ponfhqJa&;jcif;ç 0pör*fç yóm0r*fESifh
pyfaom qJa&;jcif;ç uJ&h UJ jcif;ç cs;D rGr;f jcif;ç apmifjcKH vmaom rde;f rtm;
0pör*f yóm0r*fwdkYudk &nfñTef;í oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifh oif\
apmifarT; wdok vm;¿ &Sno f vm;¿ [k ar;vQif oHCm'daooftmywf
oifhwwfonf/ owd&Sdap/
arxkefukd awmif;jcif;? arxkefjyKenf;ar;jcif; ponfwkdYonf
oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\/ rmwk*grt*FgZmwfukd ,lí qJa&;wkdif;
xGmwwfaomolwkdY owdxm;oifh\/
(aqmif) tom;pGef;xGufç pyfvsufr*faeç Asnf;ESpfaxGç qJav oHCm'd?
0pö yóm0 arxkeç qkdu oHCm'd?
þajcmufyk'frSm oufoufomç rSwfyg oHCm'd?

t<uif;yk'fpkç arxkeESifhç pyfqkdoifh rSwfvifh oHCm'd/
<uif;aom oHCm'daoof (10)yg;wkdYrSm odomxif&Sm;ygonf/
0wfaqmufwnfjcif; 0wfay;jcif;
oHCm'daooftmywfoifí h nOfzh ;kH vTr;f rI r&Sv
d Qif y&d0gofaqmuf
wnf&efrvk?d tyÜ#d pEä ré mewfom ay;&rnf/ ajcmuf&uf rmewfusií hf
tAÇmefoGif;½kHjzifh oHCm'daooftmywf pifMu,f\/
oHCm'daooftmywf[lí rodaomfvnf; ,ckigjyKaom trI
onf tmywfoifah omtrIjzpfonf[k 0w¬Kudk odvsuEf iS fh zH;k vTr;f vQif
yif y#d pEä jé zpfonf/ wpfyg;aom tmywf[k xifrw S cf ahJ omfvnf;aumif;
oHCm'daoof[kwfrnfavm r[kwfrnfavm[k ,HkrSm;rdcJhaomfvnf;
aumif; zHk;vTrf;aomf y#d päEérjzpf/ zHk;vTrf;onf rrnf/
zHk;vTrf;jcif; (10)yg;ç vkd&if; (3)yg;wkdYjzifh nOfhzHk;vTrf;cJhvQif (1)
y#dpäEéy&d0gofç (2) ok'ËÅy&d0gofç (3) oarm"mey&d0gof wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd
ppfaq;í a&S;OD;pGmay;&rnf/ ,if;y&d0gofusifhNyD;rS rmewfay;jcif;
tAÇmefoGif;jcif; jyK&rnf/
y#dpäEéy&d0gof
y#d pEä yé &d0gofrmS (1)&ufz;kH ç (2)&ufz;kH ç (3)&ufz;kH ç (4)&ufz;kH {uef
odaom&[ef;tm; xkdzHk;vTrf;aom&uftwkdif; 0wfawmif;0wfMum;
ur®0gpm zwf&onf/
ok'ËÅy&d0gof
ok'ËÅy&d0gofonf (1) plVok'ËÅy&d0gofç (2) r[mok'ËÅy&d0gof
[k ESpfyg;jym;onf/
oarm"mey&d0gof
oarm"mey&d0gofonfvnf; (1) t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofç (2)
rdóuoarm"mey&d0gofç (3) Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gof[k (3)rsKd;
jym;jyefonf/
ok'ËÅy&d0gofESpfrsKd;
zHk;vTrf;aom nOfhtykdif;tjcm;tm;vHk;ukdvnf;aumif;? tcsKdUukd
vnf;aumif;? twdtusrodolç owdr&olç ,HkrSm;oltm; cGifhjyKaom
y&d0gofjzpf\/ ok'ËÅy&d0gofonf plV0gygVdawmf orkpö,u©Eüü
omrntm;jzifh wpfrsK;d wnf;vmonf/ plV0gt|uxmü zH;k vTr;f aom
nOfhtykdif;tjcm;ukd rodrI tenf;trsm;ukd axmufxm;í plVok'ËÅç
r[mok'ËÅ[k ESpfrsKd;cJGjcm;jyqkdavonf/
plVok'ËÅ
plVok'E¨ [
Å o
l nf rpifMu,faom aeY&ufwu Ydk dk rrSwrf b
d J pifMu,f
aom aeY&uf? v? ESpftcsKdUukdom rSwfrdaom &[ef;tm;ay;aom
y&d0gof jzpf\/ &[ef;cHNyD;onfh tcsdefrSpí txufodkY a&wGufonfh
tEkvt kH pOftm;jzifh jzpfap? oHCm'daooftmywfudk a'oemMum;&m
aeYrSpNyD; aemufjyefa&wGuf&onfh y#dvHktpOftm;jzifhjzpfap þrQ
avmufaom aeY&uf? yu©? v? ESpfwkdYywfvHk; oHCm'daooftmywf
roifhao; pifMu,fonf[k odaom&[ef;tm; ay;tyfaom y&d0gof
jzpfonf/
plVok'ËÅy&d0gofukd aqmufwnfusifhoHk;vkdaom &[ef;onf
pifMu,fonf[k {uefodaom aeY&uf? yu©? v? ESpfwkdYukd z,f&Sm;í
<uif;usefaom aeY&uf? yu©? v? ESpfwkdYywfvHk; y&d0gofusifhoHk;&rnf/
(5)0g &Ny;D aom &[ef;onf (2)ESprf Q pifMu,f\[k odygu usef (3)ESpf
y&d0gofusiohf ;kH &rnf/ (3)ESpf y&d0gof,í

l usiahf epOf tu,fí aemuf
xyf (1)ESpfvnf; rpifMu,f[k trSwf&ygu aemufxyfowd&aom
(1)ESpu
f v
dk nf; wqufwnf; y&d0gofusi&hf rnf/ ur®0gpmjzifh y&d0gof
xyfay;zG,fr&Sd/
xkod rYdk [kwyf J (3)ESpyf &d0gof,í
l usiahf epOf rdrrd pifMu,fonfrmS
(3)ESpfr[kwf (2)ESpfomvQifjzpfonf[k qHk;jzwfEkdifvQif (3)ESpfjynfh-
atmif usifhzG,frvkd/ (2)ESpfom y&d0gof ae&efvdk\/ þy&d0gofonf
txufokdYvnf; wkd;Ekdif\/ atmufodkYvnf; avsmhEkdif\/
r[mok'ËÅ
&[ef;cHonfhaeYrSpí b,faeY? b,f&uf? b,fyu©? b,fv?
b,fEpS af wGrmS oHCm'daooftmywf roifb h J pifMu,fcyhJ govJ[ak r;
aomf qkdcJhNyD;aom tEkvHktm;jzifh¤if;ç y#dvHktm;jzifh¤if; aeY&uf? yu©?
v? ESpfwdkYukd ykdif;jcm;rod rrSwfrd ,kHrSm;rIrsKd; &Sdaeaom &[ef;tm;
ay;tyfaom y&d0gofonf r[mok'E¨ yÅ &d0gof jzpfonf/ wpfaeYrS rpif-
Mu,foltm; r[mok'ËÅy&d0gofukd y&d0gof,l&maeYrS pí &[ef;cH&m
aeYwdkifatmif nOfhwdkYukd a&wGufí y&d0gof usifhoHk;&onf/ &[ef;
(5)0g&aom &[ef; (5)ESpf? (10)0g&NyD;aom&[ef; (10)ESpf y&d0gof
usifhoHk;&rnf ponfjzifh odygav/ xkdokdYy&d0gofaepOf zHk;vTrf;&ufukd
owd&í (1)vrQom[k¤if;ç (1)ESprf Qom[k¤if; qH;k jzwfEidk t f /hH (1)v¤if;ç
(1)ESp¤f if;om y&d0gofae&efv\ kd / þr[mok'E¨ yÅ &d0gofonf txufoYdk
rwkd;Ekdif/ atmufokdYavsmhEkdif\/
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gof
rsm;pGmaom orÁ[kvtmywfwkdYwGif tMumjrifhqHk; zHk;vTrf;tyf
aom tmywfwkdY\ tzkdYtpktm;jzifh aygif;pkí ,if;tmywfwkdY\ nOfh
tykdif;tjcm;\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh <uif;aom &uftenf;i,f zHk;vTrf;
tyfaomtmywfwkdYtwGuf xnfhaygif;í ay;tyfaom y&d0gofonf
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofrnf\/
nOfhaygif;wpf&mzHk;ap q,fnOfhy&d0gofae
yxr tmywfwpf&moifhí q,fnOfhzHk;vTrf;xm;\/ 'kwd,
tmywfwpf&m oifhjyefí q,fnOfhyif zHk;vTrf;jyef\/ þokdYq,fBudrf
oifhí tmywfaygif;wpfaxmifjzpfí nOfhaygif;wpf&mzHk;vTrf;xm;\/
,if;odkY nOfhaygif; wpf&mzHk;í tmywfwpfaxmif oifhaeaom
&[ef;onf nOfhaygif;wpf&mywfvHk; y&d0gofusifhoHk;p&m rvkdygacs/
twljzpfaom q,fnOfh q,fcgukd wpfaygif;wnf;aygif;í q,fnOfo h m
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofaqmufwnfvQif NyD;pD;\/ nOfhwpf&m tmywf
wpfaxmifonf uif;pifawmh\/ tu,fí (10)&ufz;kH csn;f r[kwb f /J
(9)&ufzHk;ç (8)&ufzHk; ponf&SdcJhvQifvnf; (10)&uf t*¢oarm"me
y&d0gof,lvQif xkd (9) &ufzHk;ç (8)&ufzHk;rsm;yg uif;pifawmh\/
tu,fí (11)&ufzHk;&SdcJhvQifrl (10)&ufaqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh
(10)&ufzHk; tmywfrsm;om pifMu,fí (11)&ufzHk;aom tmywfrSm
rpifMu,f/ (11)&ufzHk; t*¢oarm"mey&d0gof,lrSom (11)&ufzHk;
tmywfyg pifMu,foGm;rnfjzpf\/
rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof
pl V 0gygVd a wmf ü rd ó uoarm"mey&d 0 gof [ l í rvmacs/
Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gofESifh t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofESpfrsKd;om a[m-
awmfrlonf/ rdóuoarm"mey&d0gofukd a[mawmfrrlonfukd
axmufqvQif rdóuoarm"mey&d0gofonf t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofü
yg0ifNyD;jzpfonf[k odEkdifonf/
0ZD&Ak'¨d#Dumü rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof[lonf okuú0dó|dç
um,oHo*¾paom emem0w¬K rsm;pGmyg0ifaom orÁ[kvmtmywf
oifhaom&[ef;tm; a&maygif;í ay;tyfaom y&d0gofjzpfonf[k

qkx
d m;ygonf/ t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofaqmufwnfvQif rdóuoarm
"mey&d0gof NyD;pD;Ekdkifonf[k ygVdawmf t|uxm om"uwkdYjzifh od&
onf/
t*¢oarm"meESifh rdóuoarm"metxl;
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofonf oabmwl0w¬K&Sdaom tmywfrsm;
oifhaom&[ef;tm; nOfhtenf;i,f zHk;vTrf;aom tmywfwkdYukd nOfh
trsm;qHk; zHk;vTrf;aom tmywfü aygif;xnfhí ay;tyfaom y&d0gof
jzpfonf/
rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof[lonf okuú0dó|d um,oHo*¾
paom 0w¬Krsm;pGm yg0ifaom orÁ[kvmtmywfoifhaom &[ef;tm;
a&maygif;í ay;tyfaom y&d0gofjzpfonf/ 0ZD&Ak'¨d#Dumü þodkY
txl;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/
t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofaqmufwnfvQif tmywådorÁ[kv 0w¬K-
orÁ[kvESpfyg;vHk; yg0ifEkdifojzifh rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof oD;jcm;
aqmufwnf&ef rvkdacs/ xkdaMumifh t|uxmwkdYü (3)rsKd;jyxm;aomf
vnf; 0wfur®0gpm tapmifapmifwkdYü rdóuoarm"mefukd rjyqkd
Mujcif; jzpfonf/
Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gof
Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gof[lonf y&d0gofaepOftMum;umv
('Pfom;tckdufü) tEÅ&mywfoifhí 0wfwef;vef;ESifh&SdpOf oHCm'd
aooftmywf xyfoifhí nOfhzHk;vTrf;aom&[ef;u usifhoHk;NyD;aom
aeYwkdYudk ra&wGuf acszsufí a&SUtmywf\ rlvzHk;vTrf;aomaeYü
aemufoifhaom tmywfudk xnfhí ay;&aom y&d0gofjzpfonf/
xyfoifah om tmywfudk rlvtmywfEiS fh &ufwjl zpfapç &ufenf;jzpfap
zH;k vTr;f vQif xdak emuftmywfudk rlvtmywfü xnfo
h iG ;f í rlvtmywf
zHk;vTrf;&uftwkdif; wpfzef y&d0gofay;tyf\/ tu,fí aemufxyf
oifhaom tmywfukd rlvtmywfxuf &ufvGefzHk;vTrf;vQif aemuf
tmywfudk rlvtmywfjyKí yxr&ufenf;zH;k aomtmywfudk xnfo h iG ;f
í wpfzef y&d0gofay;tyf\/
rlvm,y#duóe ESifh Mo"metxl;
tEÅ&mywfoifhí rzHk;vTrf;vQif t&if;odkYiifjcif; rlvm,y#d-
uóeukdom jyK&onf/
nOfzh ;kH vTr;f cJv
h Qirf u
l m; t&if;okYd iif½o
Hk mru Mo"meoarm"me
y&d0gofyg ay;&onf/ (ur®0gtpDt&ifukd ur®0gtykdif;ü Munfhyg/)
rmewf (4) rsKd;
rmewf[lonf &[ef;rsm;wkdY auseyfjrwfEkd;ap&ef &uftydkusifh
&aom usifh0wfjzpfonf/ ,if;rmewfonf (1) tyÜ#d päEérmewfç (2)
y#d pEä ré mewfç (3) yu©rmewfç (4) oarm"mermewf[k plV0gt|uxm
(16)ü rmewf (4)rsK;d jyxm;onf/ ok'E¨ rÅ mewfygxnfv h Qif rmewf (5)rsK;d
jzpfoifh\/
1/ xkw d iG f oHCm'daooftmywfoifNh y;D nOfrh zH;k vTr;f aom &[ef;tm;
ay;tyfaomrmewfonf tyÜ#d päEérmewfrnf\/
2/ oHCm'daooftmywfoifNh y;D nOfzh ;kH vTr;f ojzifh zH;k vTr;f aom nOf-h
tm;avsmfpGm y&d0gofusifhoHk;NyD;aom &[ef;tm; ay;tyfaom
rmewfonf y#d päEérmewfrnf\/
3/ bduK© erD wdt Yk m; oHCm'daooftmywfoif&h mü tmywfudk zH;k vTr;f
onfjzpfap rzH;k vTr;f onfjzpfap wpfyu©v;kH usio hf ;kH zk&Yd ef ay;tyf
aom rmewfonf yu©rmewfrnf\/ (þü rvkdacs/)
4/ wpfaygif;wnf;aygif;xnfNh y;D ay;tyfaomrmewfonf oarm"me

rmewfrnf\/ t*¢oarm"mermewfç rdóuoarm"mermewfç
Mo"meoarm"mermewf[k ,if;ü (3)rsKd;&Sd\/
5/ ok'ËÅy&d0goftqHk;ü ay;tyfaom rmewfukd ok'ËÅrmewf[k
ac:oifh onf/
tAÇmef (4) rsKd;
tAÇmefüvnf; (1)tyÜ#d pEä té AÇmefç (2)y#d pEä t
é AÇmefç (3) oarm-
"metAÇmefç (4) ok'ËÅtAÇmef[k (4)rsKd; &Sdoifhonf/
'Pfom;&[ef;
oHCm'daooftmywfoifhí y&d0gofaqmufwnf rmewfusifh
aeaom &[ef;wkuYd dk tjypftm;avsmpf mG 'Pfxrf;aqmifonf rnfaom
aMumifh 'Pfom;&[ef;[k jrefrmEkdifiHomoemü ac:Muavonf/
'Pfom;tjym;
,if;'Pfom;&[ef;onf -
1/ y&d0gofaqmufwnfqJ ]]yg&d0godu}}&[ef;?
2/ rmewfusifhqJ ]]rmewåpm&du}}&[ef;?
3/ tEÅ&mywfoifhí t&if;odkY iifxkdufaom ]]rlvm,y#duóem-
&[}} &[ef;?
4/ y&d0gofusifhNyD;í rmewfay;xkdufaom ]]rmewåm&[}}&[ef;?
5/ rmewfusihfNyD;í tAÇmefoGif;xkdufaom ]]tAÇmem&[}} &[ef;-
tm;jzifh (5)yg; tjym;&Sdygonf/
(3)eHygwf ]]rlvm,y#duóem&[}} &[ef;onf (1) y&d0gof-
usiphf Ofç (2) rmewfxu dk pf Ofç (3) rmewfusiphf Ofç (4) tAÇmefxu
dk pf Of[í
l
tEÅ&mywfoifh&mumv (oHCm'daooftmywf xyfoifh&mumv)
(4)rsK;d cJí
G (1) ]]yg&d0godurlvm,y#duóem&[}}&[ef;ç (2) ]]rmewåm-
&[rlvm,y#duóem&[}}&[ef;ç (3) ]]rmewåpm&durlvm,y#d-
uóem&[}}&[ef;ç (4) ]]tAÇem&[rlvm,y#duóem&[}}&[ef;[k
(4)rsK;d cGjJ cm;Ekid o
f nf/ ,cif (5)yg;wGif ]]rlvm,y#duóem&[}} &[ef;
EIwfí þ (4)yg;ESifh aygif;aomf 'Pfom;&[ef; tjym; (8)yg;
jzpfEkdifonf/
y&d0gofusifh&mü t"duusonfh nOfhjywfjcif; &wådapä' (3) yg;
wa,m acg Oygvd yg&d 0 god u ó bd u © K aem &wå d a pä ' g?
o[0gaom 0dyÜ0gaom tema&mpem? £ar acg Oygvd wa,m
yg&d0goduó bdu©Kaem &wådapä'gwd? (plV0gygVd-87/)
1/ o[0gaom = yuwwf&[ef;ESijhf zpfap? 'Pfom;&[ef;tcsi;f csi;f
jzpfap wpfrkd;wnf;jzpfaom ausmif; apwDtdrfponfwkdYü aeYrSm
jzpfap? nrSmjzpfap twlwuG acgif;cstdyfjcif;/
2/ 0dy0Ü gaom = yuwwf&[ef;ESihf twlraebJ t½kPw f ufonfwikd f
atmif uif;uGmí wpfyg;wnf;aejcif;? (tm&mrfwGif;rSmqkdvQif
toD;oD; uk, d ahf e&mESiuhf ,dk f (12)awmifxuf ausmv f eG í
f vnf;
aeEkdifonf/ tm&mrftjyifbufrSmqkdvQif yuwwf&[ef;ESifh
(12)awmifxuf ausmv f eG u
f if;uGmí t½kPw f ufonfwikd af tmif
rae&/)
3/ tema&mpem = rdrdwnf;[laom yg&d0godu&[ef;u olwpfyg;
ausmif;tm&mrfodkY tm*EÅKutjzpf a&mufoGm;vQif xkdausmif;
tm&mrfwGif;&Sd oHCmtm;vHk;tm; 0wfMum;&jcif;? rdrdae&m
ausmif ; tm&mrf w G i f ; ok d Y tjcm;ausmif ; rS a&muf v maom
tm*EÅK&[ef;tm; 0wfMum;&jcif; (wpfcgMum;xm;NyD; &[ef;tm;
aemufxyfMum;p&m rvkyd g? rlvm,y#duóem&[ç rmewåm&[ç
tAÇmem&[&[ef; wkdYonf 0wfMum;p&mrvkdyg/)
(aqmif) wuGç uif;aeç rMum;ay? oHk;axG nOfhjywfjcif;/

rmewfusifh&mü t"duusonfh &wådapä' (4) yg;
pwåma&m acg Oygvd rmewåpm&duó bdu©Kaem &wådapä'g?
o[0gaom 0dyÜ0gaom tema&mpem ODae*aP p&PH? £ar acg
Oygvd pwåma&m rmewåpm&duó bdu©Kaem &wådapä'gwd/
(plV0gygVd-99/)
yg&d0godu&[ef;\ &wådapä' (3)yg;wGif ODae*aPp&P wpfyg;
ykdí (4)yg;jzpfonf/
]]ODae*aPp&P}} [lonf (4)yg;ç (5)yg;aom yuwwf&[ef;
wkEYd iS tfh wl tm&mrfwpfcw k nf;ü ae&jcif;ç tm&mrfjyifbuf xGuo
f nf
jzpfrl (4)yg;ç (5)yg;aom yuwwf&[ef;wkdY (12)awmif OypmtwGif;
&Sdae&jcif;yifwnf;/ (2)yg;ç (3)yg;aom &[ef;wdkYESifhom t½kPf-
wufonfwdkifatmif aecJhaomf &wådapä'jzpfonf/ nOfhjywfoGm;\/
tykdusifh&rnf/
(aqmif) wuGç uif;aeç rMum;ayíç ODae*Pç usifhrdurlç rmewårSm
nOfhjywf&m\/
edu©dwå0wf + tedu©dwå0wf
eduw d© 0å wfudk cGijhf yKawmfro
l nfrmS rdrad e&m ausmif;wku
d üf oHCm
rsm;í (wpfenf;) oHCmt0iftxGuaf wG rsm;aeí oHCmtm;vH;k tm;
0wfMum;jcif;iSm rpGr;f Ekid o f nft
h wGuaf Mumifo h m acwåcP 0wfcsxm;
&ef cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/
edu©dwå0wf - csxm;aomenf; (5) enf;
1/ t|uxmü rdrad e&mausmif;wGif oHCmrsm;aeí pifMu,fatmif
oHCmokwfoifzkdY rwwfEkdifvQif ausmif;0kdif;tjyifbuf cJESpfus
ausmv f eG af tmif xGuí f usi&hf aomenf;ukd jyonf/ tjyifrmS yif
yuwwf&[ef;ESio hf mG ;í 0wfaqmufwnf 0wfMum; t½kPw f uf
vQif 0wfcsí ausmif;wGif;okdY jyefvm&onf/
2/ ,cktcg tcsKUd aom&[ef;wdu Yk rdrad exdik &f mausmif;wku d üf oHCm
rsm;aeí oHCmtm;vHk;tm; 0wfMum;jcif;iSm rwwfEkdifonfh
twGuf oHCmenf;aom ausmif;wpfausmif;odYk nrtdyrf o D mG ;Ny;D
0wf aqmufwnfum eHeuft½kPw f ufvQif 0wfcsí rdrad usmif;-
odkY jyefvmNyD; yuwwftjzpfjzifh tjcm;jyKbG,fwkdYudk jyKvkyfMu-
ayonf/
3/ tcsKdUaom&[ef;wdkYu rdrdaexkdif&mausmif;wdkufü oHCmta&
twGuf enf;yg;ygvsuf tm*EÅKtm; 0wfMum;rIç yuwwftjzpfjzifh
tjcm;udpw ö u
Ydk kd vG,v f ifwh uljyKEidk rf t
I wGuf n0wfaqmufwnf
um aeYrSm 0wfcsxm;aomenf;wkdYukd usifhwwfMuayonf/
þ (3)eHygwfenf;rSm o'¨g,Gif;uGuf tysif;xGufaomenf;jzpfí
roifah vsmaf cs[k yckuLú t&Si0f pd m&a&; y&d0goftqH;k tjzwfusr;f ü
qkdxm;onf/
4/ ,ckacwfü wpfausmif;wkdufwnf;wGif pkaygif;í 0wfyJGtaejzihf
aqmufwnfMuonf/ tcsKdUrSm wpfausmif;aqmifwnf;wGif
yuwwf&[ef;a&mç 'Pfom;&[ef;rsm;yg pkaeMuNy;D n (3)em&D-
cefY 0wfaqmufwnf 0wfMum;í t½kPfwufaomtcg 0wfcsí
aeYtcgwGif yuwwf&[ef;tjzpf aeMuonf/
5/ wpfcsKUd aom 0wfyw GJ rYdk mS 'Pfom;&[ef;wdt Yk m; wpfyg;aeausmif;
uav;awGrmS wpfyg;pDom aexkid Mf uapNy;D 0wf,al omtcg "r®m½kH
wpfckwnf;rSm 0wf,l0wfMum;NyD; rdrdausmif;uav;twGif;ü
aexkid f apMuonf/ t½kPw f ufaomtcg pkaygif; 0wfMum;0wfcs
aom enf;jzifh 0wfaqmufwnfMuonf/
aemufqHk; eHygwf (5)enf;onf tdyfa&;ysuf enf;yg;um ouf-

awmif h o uf o maeí 0wf a qmuf w nf & aomenf ; jzpf y gonf /
'Pfom; usifh0wf tcsKdUrsm;vnf; oufomonf/
tedu©dwå0wf
tedu©dwå0wfaqmufwnfvdkaomolonf aeYa&mnOfhyg 0wfudk
rcsbJ tjrJwef; q,f&ufaqmufwnfu q,f&ufç wpfvaqmuf-
wnfu wpfvvHk; aqmufwnf usifh&onf/ aeYtcgrSmvnf; 0wfudk
rcsxm;bJ usifh&onf/ tedu©dwå0wfü y&d0gofaeaomtcg wpfcg
0wfMum;xm;vQif NyD;onf/ tm*EÅKtopf a&mufvmvQifrl ¤if;
tm*EÅKtm; 0wfMum;&onf/ rmewfusifhaomtcgüum; aeYwdkif;yif
0wfMum;&onf/ edu©wå0wfüum; aeYtcg 0wfcsxm;NyD;csdefrS pí
yuwwf&[ef;jzpfoGm;aomaMumifh tm*EÅK&[ef;awmfrsm; aeYtcg
a&mufvmaomfvnf; 0wfMum;&ef rvdak wmhyg/ 'Pfom;usi0hf wfrsm;-
vnf; usifhzG,frvdkyg/ ntcg 0wf,lNyD;aomtcgüom tedu©dwå0wf
,lxm;aom &[ef;uJhodkY 'Pfom;usifh0wf (94)yg; jznfhusifh&onf/
teduw d© 0å wfusiahf om &[ef;onf y&d0gofusiNhf y;D í rmewfwuf
aomtcg tedu©dwå0wfjzpfí 0wfaqmufwnfp&mrvkd/ rmewåm&[
yk*¾dKvfjzpfí y&d0gofMum;p&mrvkd/ rmewfusifhNyD;aomtcg tAÇmem-
&[yk*¾dKvfjzpfí rmewfMum;p&mrvkday/
rmewfusifhNyD;vQif t,kwfqHk; tyg;a&ESpfq,f? ESpfq,fxuf
ydak om oHCmawmfwu Ykd kd odro
f yYkd ifí
h tAÇmefuaH qmif&rnf/ teduw
d© -å
0wfjzpfjcif;aMumifh wpfzef aqmufwnfjcif;ç Mum;jcif; jyKzG,frvdk?
tAÇmefawmif;½kHom jzpf\/ tm*EÅK&[ef;tm; Mum;p&mrvdkawmhyg/
oHCmu tAÇmeur®0gpmzwfí csD;jr§§ifhonf\tqHk;ü tm;vHk;aom
oHCm'daooftmywfrsm; tjypfrwG,f pifMu,favawmh\/
omoemü usio hf el nf;yg;í uG,af ysmufvjk zpfaeaom teduw d© å
0wfudk o'¨gw&m;a&SUxm;um usifhEdkifygap&ef a&;om;cJhayonf[k
y&d0gofrmewftqH;k tjzwfusr;f ü yckuLú t&Si0f pd m& rderYf mS a&;om;awmf
rlygonf/
0wfawmif;jcif; 0wfMum;jcif;rsm; rSwfom;&ef
0wfawmif;&mü t|uxmwGif ]],m,um,pdbmom,}}[k
cGijhf yKcsurf &Sjd cif;aMumifh ygVdbmomjzifh 0wfawmif;oifo
h nf/ awmif;yHk
ygVdpmoGm; em;axmifí ur®0gzwf&rnf[k t|uxmzGifhaomMumifh
(3)Budrfawmif;rS tyfonf/
0wfMum;&müum; ]],m,um,pdbmom, tm&mapwHk 0¥wd
a,0}}[k t|uxmqdak omaMumifh ygVdbmomr[kwb f J tjcm;bmom
wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifhvnf; 0wfMum;Edkifonf/ ]]wdu©wåHK tma&mpmaywGm}}[k
t|uxm rzGifhqdkaomaMumifh ta&;BuD;aom taMumif;udpö&SdvQif
wpfBurd wf nf;vnf; Mum;Edik of nf/ ta&;Bu;D aom udprö &Svd Qif oH;k Burd f
Mum;&onf/
odrfxJü 0wfaqmufwnf0wfMum;pOfu rygojzifh 0wfrMum;
&ao;aom ausmif;wdu k w
f iG ;f &Sd tjcm;&[ef;rsm;&Syd gu 0wfMum;&rnf/
0wfrMum;vQif &wådapä'vnf; jzpfonf? 0wåab''kuú#ftmywfvnf;
oifhonf/
'Pfom;csif;0wfMum;
0wffMum;&mü 'Pfom;tcsif;csif;vnf; wpfyg;onf wpfyg;\
yuwwf&[ef;t&mü wnfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh 'Pfom;tcsi;f csi;f vnf;
0wfMum;&rnf/ ,cktcg 0wfMum;&mü 'Pfom;tm;vH;k wpfNyKd iw f nf;
qdí
k vnf;aumif; ESpyf g;wpfwJG oH;k yg;wpfwJG NyKd ií
f vnf;aumif; 0wf-
Mum;wwfMu\/ rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif; 0wfMum;aeonf[k tm½Hkra&muf

Edik Mf uay/ odt
Yk wGuf 'Pfom;wpfyg;pDom 0wfMum;oifo
h nf/ 0ZD&Ak'd¨
#Dumç om&w¬'DyeD#Dumç 0drwd#DumwdkYüvnf; 'Pfom;tcsif;csif;
0wfMum;&rnf[k zGifhqdkxm;Muonf/
xkdYaMumifh ,ckumv pkaygif;0wfaqmufwnfyJGü ta&SUüxkdifae
aom yuwwf&[ef;rsm;uko d mru rdr\ d ab;ü xkid af eaom 'Pfom;-
avmif;rsm;ç aqmufwnfNy;D oGm;aom 'Pfom;rsm; tm;vH;k ukyd g tm½k-H
jyKí 0wfMum;&rnfjzpf\/ tcsKUd u aocsmatmif EIwrf x S w
k af zmfíyif
]]'Pfom;rsm;ESihf 'Pfom;avmif;rsm;tm;vnf; 0wfMum;yg\}}[k
qkdMu\/ aocsmaom enf;jzpf\/
'Pfom;usifh&efrsm;
qdkcJhNyD;aom enf;rsm;twdkif; 0wf,l0wfMum;NyD;aom 'Pfom;
&[ef;onf ,if;ausmif;wdu k t
f wGi;f tpGet
f zsm;usaom ausmif;i,f
wpfausmif;udk oHCmujzpfapç oHCmhax&fujzpfap ae&mcsxm;ay;
vdrfhrnf/ om,mauseyfpGm vufcHaexdkif&rnf/
rdrdausmif;odkY yuwwf&[ef;vmvQif 0gi,folvmaomfvnf;
ae&mrS xjcif;ç ae&mjzifh yifhzdwfjcif;ç (2)0gBuD;ç (2)0gi,f ESpfyg;om
twlxkdifcGifh&Sdaom anmifapmif;ç ukwifç tifysOfç zsmpaom wpfae-
&mwnf; wpfjyifwnf; tcif;wpfckwnf;ü twlrxdkifjcif;ç yuwwf
&[ef;u edrfhaomae&mü xdkifvQif rdrdu jrifhaomae&mü rxdkifjcif;ç
pBuøwpfckwnf;ü twl pBuøravQmufjcif;ç jrifhaompBuøü ravQmuf-
jcif;ç yuwwf&[ef;u ajrü pBuøavQmufaevQif rdrdu pBuøü
ravQmufjcif;wdkYudk vdkufem&rnf/
rdrd0gpOftwdkif;a&mufaom ausmif;ü raeoifh/ &[ef;tm;vHk;
a&G;cs,f,lNyD;í <uif;usefonfh jrLxaomç a>rç vif;EdkYç <uufaygaom
opf&uG rf ;kd ausmif;tnHuh kd ay;&rnf/ yuwwf&[ef;tm;vH;k u ½kur© çl
taAÇmumodu "kwifaqmifcsnf;jzpfí ausmif;xJü raeMuvQif
yuwwf&[ef;wdYk pGev Yf wT xf m;&m a&mufaomaMumifh xdak usmif;wdw
Yk iG f
ESpfouf&mausmif; ü aeEdkifonf/ 0gqdk&maeYü a0zefaom (ausmif;rS
wpfyg;aom) ouFef;paom ypönf;udkrl oHCm0gpOftwGif; raebJ
oHCmwef;ab;rS &yfí rdrd0gpOf a&mufaomtcg ,lEdkifonf/
tdy&f mae&m
tdyfp&m anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfç ukvm;xdkifponfwdkYudkvnf;
tnHhqHk; anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfudk 'Pfom;&[ef;tm; ay;&rnf/ rdrd
0gpOfjzifah &mufaom tdy&f mudrk ,l&/ &[ef;tm;vH;k a&G;cs,í
f useaf e
aom Murf;ydk;acs;jynfhESufvsuf BudrfEG,fponfwdkYjzifh cwfxm;onfh
nHhaomtdyf&mudk ay;&rnf/ qGrf;pm;ausmif;ponfwdkYü oHCmwGif 0g
ti,fq;kH &[ef; ae&mü ae&rnf/ &[ef;ti,fq;kH omraPtBu;D qH;k
ae&mü ae&rnf/
&Sdcdk;jcif;ponf rom,maumif;
'Pfom;&[ef;onf yuwwf&[ef;wdkY\ &Sdcdk;jcif;ç c&D;OD;BudKqdk-
jcif;ç ae&mrSa&S;½Ixjcif; ç vuftyk cf sjD cif;ç ,yfavcyfjcif;paom t½dk
taojyKrI? ae&mudk a&S;½Iaqmif,loGm;jcif;ç cif;ay;jcif;ç tdyf,mudk
a&S;½Iaqmif,o l mG ;jcif;ç cif;ay;jcif;ç ajcaq;a&ay;jcif;ç raq;aMum-
&ao;aomajcaxmuf xm;p&m tif;ysOfcsay;jcif;ç ajcyGwftdk;
csay;jcif;ç aq;aMumNyD;aom ajcaxmufxm;p&m tif;ysOf csay;jcif;ç
oydwf ouFef;udk vSrf;,ljcif;ç a&csKd;aomtcg acs;wGef;ay;jcif; trI-
rsm;udk rom,maumif;/ om,mvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifhonf/
yuwwf&[ef;[l&mü 0wfwl&m oDwif;i,f 'Pfom;&[ef;rS
wpfyg; &[ef;tm;vHk;udk qdkvdkonf/ Oyrm - yg&d0godu&[ef;tm;
yg&d0godu oDwif;i,f&[ef;rSví
JG use&f [ef;tm;vH;k onf yuwwf
t&mü wnf\/ ,kwfpGtqHk; rlvm,y#duóem&[&[ef;ç rmewåm
&[&[ef;ç rmewåpm&du&[ef;ç tAÇmem&[&[ef;wdkY yg0ifonf/
yuwwf&[ef;qdkvQif o'¨d0d[m&duwynfh taEÅ0goduwynfh
wd\
Yk &Scd ;kd jcif;ponfuykd if rom,maumif;? y,fjrpf&rnf/ ry,fjrpfbJ
om,mvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifhonf/ y,fjrpfygvsuf 0wfjyKjrJjyKaeMu
vQif wm;jrpfxm;csed rf pS í tmywfroif/h o'¨0d [
d m&duwynfh ponfwYkd
onfvnf; 0wfaqmufwnfaeaom q&m&[ef;tm; &Sdcdk;jcif;ponf
rjyKoifh/ oDwif;i,fyuwwf&[ef;tm; 0wfMum;&müjzpfap tjcm;
tcgü jzpfap 'Pfom;oDwif;BuD; &[ef;u &Sdcdk;0yfcsp&m rvdkacs/
0wfMum;aomtcgüum; ]]{uoH Owå&mo*ø u&dwGm OuúK#d H
edoD'dwGm tÍÆvd H y*¾,S}}[k vmonfhtwdkif; {uoDouFef; vufuef
awmh&ef;jcif;ç aqmifhaMumifhxdkifjcif;ç vuftkyfcsDjcif;wdkYudk jyKí 0wf-
Mum;&rnf/ 'Pfom;&[ef;wdo Yk nf tcsi;f csi;f 0wfw&l m oDwif;Bu;D pOf
tvdkuf oDwif;BuD;&[ef;u oDwif;i,f&[ef;\ &Sdcdk;jcif; vuftkyf-
csDjcif; paom jyNyD;cJhaom 0wfrsm;udk om,maumif;onf/
'Pfom;&[ef;tm; txl;tcGifhta&; (5) yg;
tEkZmemrd bdua© 0 yg&d0godumeH bduL© eH yÍö,xm 0k¹OaygoxH
y0g&PH 0óduom#duH MoaPmZeH bwåH/
1/ oDwif;BuD;pOftvdkuf OykofjyKcGifh&jcif;/
2/ y0g&PmjyKaomtcgü oHCe0uae&mü aevsuf rdrd0gpOf
a&muf aomtcg y0g&PmjyK&jcif;/
3/ 0gqdkouFef; a0zefaomtcg oHCmwef; ab;rS&yfí rdrd0gpOf
a&muf aomtcg ouFef;,lEdkifjcif;/
4/ Oa'óbwfç yk*¾vduqGrf; &p&m&Sdu Oa'óbwfudk pGefYxm;í
aemufaeYrS a&S;OD;pGm cH,lEdkifcGifh&Sdjcif;/
5/ 0gpOftvdkuf avmif;vSLaom pwkomvbwfudk BuD;pOftvdkuf
cH,l Edkifjcif;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf 'Pfom;&[ef;wdkYtm; ig;yg;aom tcGifh-
ta&;wdkYudk cGifhay;awmfrlonf/
'Pfom;usifh0wf (94)yg;
'Pfom;&[ef;onf OyZösm,fjyKí &[ef;cHray;&ç ur®0gpmq&m
vkyíf ur®0gpmrzwf&ç edó,nf;ray;&ç &Sijf yKray;&ç omraPwd\ Yk
tvkyftauR;rcH&ç w&m;ra[m&ç Mo0g'ray;&ç yuwwf&[ef;\
a&SUrSroGm;&ç a&SUrSmraexdik &f ç ae&mtnHq
h ;kH tdy&f mtnHq
h ;kH ausmif;
tnHq h ;kH udk ay;onfukd om,mpGm cH,&l rnf/ yuwwf&[ef;ESihf a&SU-
oGm;aemufvdkufjyKí trsKd;tdrfodkY rcsOf;uyf&ç t&nuif"kwif
raqmufwnftyfç yd@ygwf"w k if raqmufwnftyfç y&d0gofaqmuf
wnfjcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh ighudk olwpfyg; rodygapESifh[k
qGrf;udk raqmif,laptyf ponfjzifh plV0gygVd (83)odkY Munfhyg/
oHCm'daooftmywf ukpm;&ef tpDtpOf
oHCm'daooftmywf pifMu,fvakd om &[ef;onf 0denf; wwf-
uRrf;em;vnfolxH rdrd\ vGefusL;aom0w¬Kç tmywfç zHk;vTrf;aom
aeY&uf? v? ESpfwdkYudk tjzpfrSef od&SdrSwfrdorQ ajymjyí tppfcH&rnf/
0denf;wwfuRrf;em;vnfygu rdrdbmom qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/
0denf;wwfuRr;f ol q&m0denf;"d&k u f (1)tyÜ#pd Eä 0é wf xdu
k o
f nf
(2)y#dpEä 0é wf xdu
k o
f nf (3)ok'E¨ yÅ &d0gof ,loifoh nf (4) oarm"me
y&d0gof,loifhonf[k wpfckck (tus,fa&;cJhNyD;) ajymqdkonfhtwdkif;
usifhtyf\/ tedu©dwå0wfusifhvdku aeYpOf 0wfaqmufwnfjcif;?
0wfMum;jcif; jyK&efrvdk/ edu©dwå0wfusifhu t½kPf,lNyD; 0wfcsxm;
&onf/
a&S;OD;pGm odrt
f wGi;f ü tenf;qH;k av;yg; okrYd [kwf xdx
Yk ufyakd om
oHCmxHü 0wfawmif;tyf\/ oHCmu ur®0gzwfí 0wfay;NyD;
0wfaqmufwnfNyD;aomtcgrSpí y#dnm0efcHcsuftwdkif; ur®m&[
yk*¾dKvfjzpf\/ 'Pfom;t&mü wnf\/
ur®0gpmzwfaomtcg oHCmtpGef [w¬ygofü aetyf\/ tcsKUd
oHCmhtv,fodkY0ifí ur®0gtzwfcHMu\/ bk&m;&Sif\ trdefYudk
vGefusL;&musonf/ owdjyKMuavmh/ ur®0gtqHk;ü (12)awmifwGif;
aeí 0wfaqmufwnf 0wfMum;tyf\/ 0wfaqmufwnfNyD;aom
tcgrSpí 'Pfom;tppfjzpf\/
eduwd© 0å wfusiv
hf v
kd Qif xd0k wfuckd styf\/ xdt
k cg yuwwft&mü
wnf\/ xdaYk emuf &uf,&l ef t½kPrf wufrD 0wfaqmufwnfí Mum;
tyf\/ tqif;jrif& toHMum;&aom ta0;&[ef;tm;vnf;aumif;ç
rjrif& rMum;&aomfvnf; rdru d ausmif;0dik ;f twGi;f jzpfvQif ausmif;0dik ;f
twGif; jzwfoGm;aomç ausmif;0dkif;twGif; a&mufvmaomç ausmif;
OypmtwGif; (ausmif;jcHpnf;½kd;jyKoifh&mrS 12-awmifuGmtwGif;)
a&mufvmaom tm*EÅKu&[ef;tm;vnf;aumif;? ausmif;0dkif;jyify
jzpfvQif (12)awmifwGif;odkY a&mufvmaom &[ef;tm;vnf;aumif;
0wfudk Mum;tyf\/ odvsufESifh rMum;vQif 0wåab''kuú#f oifhí
&wådapä' nOhfjywf\/ rodvQifum; tmywfroifhaomfvnf; nOfhjywf
\/ xkdYaMumifh &ufykdaqmufwnfoifhMu\/
(0wfawmif;yHkç ur®0gESifh 0wfaqmufwnfyHkç 0wfMum;yHkç 0wfcsyHk
rsm; oD;jcm; a&;xm;ygonf/)
0wfcsNyD;aomtcg yuwwft&mü wnfaomaMumifh yuwwf
&[ef;rsm;&Sd&m a&SUem;odkY<uí aemufrSqufum wef;pD ae&m,l&rnf
jzpfonf/
'Pfom;csif;tm;vnf; 0wfrMum;rdcJhvQif &wådapä'jzpf\/ 0wf-
Mum;aomtcg &[ef;wpfyg;txHü ]]rH tm,o®m "ma&wk}}? ESpfyg;xH
ü ]]rH tm,o®EÅm "ma&EÅK?}} oHk;yg;xHü ]]rH tm,o®aEÅm "ma&EÅK}}?
oHk;yg;txufoHCmtxHü ]]rH oHaCm "ma&wk}}[k tzsm;owf ygVd
jyifí 0wfMum;tyf\/
(aqmif) wpfyg;rSm rm? ESpfyg; EÅm? oHk;yg;rSm aEÅm? av;yg; aCm?
oabmrdygap/
t½kPfwufaomtcg 0wfcstyf\/ y&d0gof,lxm;aom&uf
aphaomtcg odrfwGif;ü av;yg; av;yg;txuf oHCmxH rmewf
awmif;&ef y&d0gofaqmufwnftyf\/ (&wåad pä'nOfjh ywfcv hJ Qif &ufykd
xm;í 0wfaqmufwnfoif\ h /) xdyk &d0gofaqmufwnfNy;D aomtcgrS
pí rmewfxu kd o
f jl zpf\/ 0wfuMkd um;Ny;D rmewfawmif;tyf\/ rmewf
awmif;NyD;aomtcg oHCmtpGef [w¬ygofodkY a&TUvmNyD; aetyf\/
ur®0gtqHk;ü (12)awmifwGif; xGufcGmaeí rmewfaqmufwnf
rmewfMum;í cstyf\/
&uf,l&ef t½kPfrwufrD rmewfaqmufwnfí tenf;qHk;
yuwwf&[ef;av;yg;xH 0wfMum;íç jrifç Mum;ç ausmif;0dkif;wGif;ç
jyify 12-awmifwGif; 0wfrMum;&ao;aom &[ef;tm;vnf;aumif;ç
'Pfom;csif;tm;vnf;aumif; Mum;tyf\/ t½kPfwufonfwdkif-
atmif tenf;qHk; yuwwfav;yg;ESifh twlaeí t½kPfwufaom-
tcg rmewfMum;í rmewfcstyf\/
rmewfajcmufnOfh aphaomtcg odrfwGif;ü ESpfusdyftenf;qHk;&Sd
oHCmxH tAÇmefawmif;&ef rmewfaqmufwnftyf\/ tAÇmefxu kd o
f l
jzpfí rmewfMum; tAÇmefawmif;tyf\/ rmewfrMum;vQiv f nf; tjypf
r&S/d oHCmpGef [w¬ygofü aetyf\/ tAÇmeur®0gpmtqH;k ü pifMu,f
avawmh\/
y&d0gofç rmewf &uftydx k m; usio hf ifo

h nf/ tAÇmefoiG ;f Ny;D aom
tcgü rmewfcsoifhonf/ wpfcsKdUu tydkxifí rjyKMuacs/ aemif
wpfcsdefwGif odrfüvnf;aumif;ç ur®0gpmüvnf;aumif;ç &wådapä'
(&ufraph)jzpfchJonf[lívnf;aumif; oHo,jzpfcJhaomf okwfoif&
vG,u f \l / xktd wGi;f oHCm'daooftmywfxyfoifch ahJ omf uHratmif
chJao;u rlvm,y#duóe xdkufaeayrnf/ xdkYaMumifh oHo,
uif;&Si;f ap&ef y&d0gofrmewf &ufyx kd m;usijhf cif;ç rmewf,Nl y;D tqH;k ü
rmewfcsNy;D aemuf y&d0gofxyfcsjcif;? tAÇmeftqH;k ü rmewf csjcif;wdu Yk kd
jyKoifhonf/
aemifwpfcsdef oHo,jzpfcJhaomf 'Pfom;tjzpfü rwnfoljzpfí
okwof if&vG,u f jl cif; tusK;d &S\
d / uHatmifvQiu
f m; tydo
k mwnf;[k
a0zeftyf\/ ,ckoo H ,ç aemifoo H ,twGuf þenf; xked nf; ÓPf
ouf&m wpfenf;enf;jzifh tykdtm;xkwfjcif;onf 0de,ukuúKpöNidrf;
aMumif;ç orm"dckdifjrJaMumif;wnf;[k anmifav;yifawm&q&mawmf
a&; 0denf;plV0gt&omü azmfjyxm;ayonf/
#
y&d0gofaqmufwnf&mü tusOf;rSwf&ef
y&d0gofaqmufwnf&mü t½kPfwufNyD; aeYtcg 0wfudkcsxm;
aom edu©dwå0wfESifh 0wfudkrcsbJ tjrJwrf; aeYa&mnyg aqmufwnf
usifhoHk;&aom tedu©dwå0wf[k (2)rsKd; tusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfyg/
eduwd© 0å wfaqmufwnf&müvnf; (1) tyÜ#pd Eä ré mewfç (2) y#dpEä é
y&d0gofç (3) t*¢oarm"mey&d0gofç (4) rdóuoarm"mey&d0gofç
(5) Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gofç (6) ok'E¨ yÅ &d0gof[k (6)rsK;d yif jym;oGm;
Edkifonf/
plVok'ËÅç r[mok'ËÅy&d0gofESpfrsKd;wdkYonf ur®0gpmç 0wfMum;yHkç
0wfaqmufwnfyHkwlMuí ok'ËÅy&d0gofwpfrsKd;omrSwfyg/ tEÅ&m
ywfoifhchJaomf nOfhrzHk;vTrf;vQif rlvm,y#duóeuHudk jyK&rnf/
nOfhzHk;vTrf;cJhvQifrlum; t&if;odkYiifjcif; rlvm,y#duóeudkomru
Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gofyg ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
aqmufwnf&rnfh0wf a&G;cs,fjcif;
1/ edu©dwå0wf+tedu©wå0wf (2)rsKd;wdkYwGif usihfrnfhol\ qE´twdkif;
a&G;cs,f&efjzpfonf/
2/ tyÜ#pd Eä 0é wf = tmywfoifo h nfah eY t½kPrf wufrD a'oemMum;
aom &[ef;onf zHk;vTrf;jcif; r&SdaomaMumifh tyÜ#dpäEérmewf-
0wf udk ay;&rnf/ y&d0gofaqmufwnf&efrvdk rmewfusifhNyD;
tAÇmef oGif;½Hkom jzpfonf/
3/ y#dpäEéy&d0gof = rdrdoifha&mufaom oHCm'daooftmywfudk 1-
&ufz;kH ç (ok)Yd 2-&ufz;kH ç (ok)Yd 3-&ufz;kH ç (ok)Yd 4-&ufz;kH ponf {uef
twdtusoad omol ajymjyEdik af omolukd ay;oifyh gonf/ zH;k vTr;f
aom&uftwdkif; ay;&rnf/
4/ t*¢oarm"mey&d0gof = 1-&ufz;kH ç 2-&ufz;kH ç 3-&ufz;kH ç 4-&ufz;kH ç
wpfvzH;k ç ESpv f zH;k ç oH;k vzH;k ponf tmywfrsm;&Sad e&m &uftMum-
qHk; zHk;xm;aomtmywfodkY &uftenf;i,f zHk;vTrf;tyfaom
tmywf wdu Yk kd xnfah ygif;ay;&rnf jzpfaomaMumifh tmywfrsm; sm;í
a'oem Mum;&uf rrSeo f çl tcsKUd ukd &ufaygif;rsm;pGmMumrS tcsKUd ukd
vaygif; rsm;pGmMumrS a'oemMum;rdoltm; ay;oifhonf/
5/ rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof = okuú0dó|dç um,oHo*¾paom
emem0w¬Krsm;pGmyg0ifaom orÁ[kvmoifhaom&[ef;tm; a&m-
aygif;í ay;aomy&d0gofjzpfonf/ t*¢oarm"mey&d0gof aqmuf
wnfvQif rdóuoarm"mey&d0gof NyD;pD;Ekdifonf/
6/ Mo"meoarm"mey&d0gof = y&d0gofaqmufwnfí usifhaepOf

tMum;umv tEÅ&mywfoHCm'daoof xyfrHoifhí nOfhzHk;vTrf;
aom &[ef;tm; usio hf ;kH Ny;D aeYnOfw
h u Ydk dk acszsuí f a&SUtmywf\
rlv zHk;vTrf;aom aeYü aemufoifhaom tmywfudkxnfhí
aygif;ay; &aom y&d0gofjzpfonf/
7/ ok'E¨ yÅ &d0gof = r[mok'E¨ çÅ plVokEE¨ [ Å k ESprf sK;d &Sad omfvnf; aqmuf
wnf usifhaomtcg twlwlyifjzpfonf/ pifMu,fonfhumv
rwl aomaMumifh cJGxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tmywftykdif;tjcm;
nOft h ykid ;f tjcm; rod rrSwrf ?d pifMu,forQ umvuko d m odaom
&[ef;tm; ay;&onf/ pifMu,f&mumv r&Sv d Qif &[ef;0g &&So
d rQ
r[mok'ËÅ usifh&onf/
8/ rlvm,y#duóe = tEÅ&mywfoifí h nOfrh zH;k vTr;f cJv h Qif t&if;odYk
iifjcif; rlvm,y#duóeudkom jyK&onf/
þ (8)csufukd a&G;cs,f pdppf&rnf jzpfonf/
&[ef;b0rS vlxGufNyD; wpfzefjyef&[ef;cHolrsm;onf tu,fí
,ciftBudrf &[ef;0wfcJhpOfu oHCm'daooftmywfrsm; oifhcJhí
(rukpm;&ao;bJ vlxuG cf v
hJ Qi)f ,ck &[ef;jyefcNH y;D aomtcgü qdik &f m
y&d0gofudk aqmufwnfukpm;&OD;rnfom jzpfonf/
zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf\ Mo0g'
0wfaqmufwnfwmuawmh - tqHk;tjzwfawGudk aqmufwnf
r,fh yk*¾KdvfawG ukd,fhbmomukd,fawmh enf;enf;av; avhvmMuyg/
y#dpäEé - zHk;vTrf;ygvsuf tyÜ#dpäEévkdY 0gofaqmufwnfcJh&ifvnf;
'Dtmywfu rxygbl;/ okdYaomf tyÜ#dpäEéjzpfaew,f? rzHk;vTrf;bl;?
y#dpäEévkdY oabmxm;NyD; 0wfaqmufwnfcJh&ifawmh rmewfawmif;wJh
tcgrSm y#dpäEémeÍö tyÜ#dpäEémeÍöqkdNyD; ESpfck aygif;awmif;wJhtwGuf
0gofrS xEkid w f ,fvYdk 'Dvdk tqH;k tjzwfawGawmh &Syd gw,f/ zH;k vTr;f wmu
zHk;vTrf;whJ t*Fg&yfawG oD;oefY&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dt*Fg&yfawGukd enf;enf;
rSwfom;NyD;awmh ukd,fhrSm 'DtNidtpGef;&Sd r&Sd udk,fh[mukd,f enf;enf;
avhvmyg/ zHk;vTrf;wJh tykdif;rSmvnf; tmywfu wpfckwGif rubl;/
ESpfckç oHk;ckç av;ckç ig;ck jzpfr,f? tmywftrsKd;tpm;uvnf; rsm;r,f
qkd&ifawmh - wpfckxuf ydkw,fqdk&ifawmh 'gvnf; t*¢oarm"mefyJ
aqmufwnfMuygw,f/ 'Dawmh - &ufu zHk;vTrf;xm;wmuvnf;
(15)&ufxuf rykb d ;l ? wpfvxuf rykb d ;l qkNd y;D 'Dvo
dk wfrw
S cf suf twd-
tus&SdNyD; tmywfu rsm;aecJh&ifvnf; trsKd;tpm;vnf; rsm;aecJh
&ifvnf; t*¢oarm"mefyJ aqmufwnfMuygw,f/
rdóuoarm"mefqkdwmuawmh tmywfutrsKd;wlaew,f/
tmywfwpfcx k nf;ukd tBurd rf sm;pGm xyfumxyfum vGeu
f sL;wmrsK;d ukd
awmh rdóuoarm"mef aqmufwnfMuw,f/ tmywfvnf; rsm;w,f/
vGefusL;wJh &ufawGuvnf; rsm;aew,f/ trsKd;rsKd;&Sdw,fqdk&ifawmh
t*¢oarm"mef aqmufwnfMuygw,f/
ok'e¨ u
f awmh aumif;wmu b,fvadk umif;vJvYdk ar;&ifawmh
tmywfuawmh raocsmbl;/ wpfckvm;¿ ESpfckvm;¿ okH;ckvm;¿
'DavmufyJ&Sdw,f/ zHk;vTrf;wJh &ufuvnf; raocsmbl;/ okdYaomf
(15)&uf t&uf (20)xuf? (15)&ufxufawmh rydkEkdifbl;vkdY ukd,fu
oabmaygufvkdY&Sd&ifawmh tJ'Dvkd raocsmbl;awG rsm;ae&ifawmh
ok'ëfaqmufwnfMuwmyJ/ ok'ëf&JU oabmusawmh - aqmufwnf
ae&if;eJY tmywfwpfcktwGuf &nf&G,fNyD;awmh 0wfawmif;NyD;
aqmufwnfvu dk w
f ,f? 'Dtmywfuvnf; zH;k vTr;f wJ&h uf raocsmbl;/
okaYd omf q,f&ufxufawmhrykb d ;l vkYd 'Dvadk wmh qH;k jzwfcsucf sEidk v
f &Ydk &dS if
'DzHk;vTrf;wJh tmywfwpfckukd &nf&G,fNyD;awmh raocsmwJh pm&if;xJ
aygif;Ny;D tJ'g q,f&uf0gofaqmufwnf&ifawmh uRww f ,f/ okaYd omf
aqmufwnfae&if;eJY aemufxyftmywfwpfckukd xyfNyD; owd&jyef

w,f/ owd&wJh tcsdeftcgrSm qufaqmufwnfvkdY &w,f/ xyfNyD;
ur®0gzwfaezkdY rvdkbl;/
yxrzH;k vTr;f wJh tmywfu (10)&ufqdk Ny;D oGm;Ny/D aemufwpfcg
tmywfwpfckowd&awmh 'Dtmywfuvnf; (10)&ufavmufjzpfr,f
qk&d if olu &ufEpS q
f ,faqmufwnf&r,f/ aqmufwnfae&if;eJY olu
aemuf wpfcg tmywfwpfck owd&jyefw,f/ owd&vkdufvkdY&Sd&ifawmh
ur®0g xyfzwfzkdY rvkdbl;/ qufaqmufwnf? aqmufwnfvkdY&w,f/
aemuftmywfuvnf; tvm;wl q,f&ufyJ qkv d &Ydk &dS ifawmh &ufaygif;
oHk;q,f jzpfoGm;w,f/ tJ'Davmufxd aqmufwnf&wJh oabm
&Sdygw,f/ tmywfrsm; rsm;ovkdyJ/
t*¢oarm"mef&JU oabmusawmh tmywfawGrsm;ayrJhvkdY 'D
tmywftm;vHk;ukd jcHKvkduf&if wpfckcsif; q,f&ufxuf rykdbl;qkd&if
tJ'q D ,f&ufxuf rykw d hJ tmywftm;vH;k ukd pkaygif;Ny;D awmh q,f&ufyJ
y&d0gof,lvkdY &w,f/ aqmufwnf&ifvnf; q,f&ufeJY NyD;oGm;w,f/
tmywfwpfaxmifyJ &Scd si&f ydS gap? olu tmywftm;vH;k uRww f o hJ abm
&Syd gw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh zH;k vTr;f wJ&h ufuvnf; rsm;w,f/ oifw h hJ tmywf
awGuvnf; rsm;w,fqkd&ifawmh trsm;qHk;&ufxJrSm = aemufqHk;ydwf
trsm;qHk;&uf tmywfxJrSm wjcm;tmywfawGudkyg pkaygif;NyD; aygif;
awmif;wJh0gofudkawmh t*¢oarm"mefvkdY ac:ygw,f/
tJ'guawmh aqmufwnfrJhyk*¾Kdvfuvnf; A[kokw &Sd&r,f/
ukd,faqmufwnfr,fh tmywfawG taetxm;udk udk,fhukd,fudk
todqHk;jzpfawmh udk,fhbmomukd,f avhvmyg/ rdóuoarm"mef
aumif;vm;¿ t*¢oarm"mef aumif;vm;¿ odrYk [kwf y#dpEä -é zk;H vTr;f wJh
tmywfyJvm;¿ odkYr[kwf tyÜ#dpäEé-rzHk;vTrf;wJh tmywfawGvm;¿
ponfjzifh - 'guawmh ukd,hfbmomudk,f qef;ppf&rJh oabm&Sdw,f/
1363-ckESpf yxr0gqkdvqef; (15)&ufaeY
aeYvnf (12;30)em&D tcsdef aus;Zl;awmf&Sif
zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf b'ÉÅtmpdPÖ oifMum;ykdYcsay;aom-
ur®0g&Gwfzwfenf; oifwef;rS od&Sd rSwfom;zG,frsm;
AsÍÆeAk'¨d (10) yg;
odxdvH "edwaÍö0? 'DCH &óH *½kHv[kH/
ed*¾[dwH 0drkwåÍö? orÁE¨Íö 00w¬dwH/
odxv d = Xmefç u½kP d ;f ç y,wfwu Ydk dk avsmah vsm&h w G jf cif;/ "edw=
Xmefç u½kP d ;f ç y,wfwu Ykd dk jyif;jyif;&Gwjf cif;/ 'DC = ESprf Mwmjynfah tmif
&Sn&f nS &f wG jf cif;/ &ó = wpfrMwmMum wkw d &dk w
G jf cif;/ *½k = av;av;
&Gwjf cif;/ v[k = ayghaygh&w G jf cif;/ ed*[
¾ w d = EIwcf rf;wku Yd dk ydw&f w
G jf cif;/
0drkwå = EIwfcrf;wdkYukd zGifh&Gwfjcif;/ orÁE¨ = yk'fESpfckwkdYukd pyf&Gwfjcif;/
00w¬dw = yk'fESpfckwkdYukd cJG&Gwfjcif;[k AsÍÆeAk'¨d (10)yg; &Sdonf/
ur®0gzwf&mü uHysufapwwfaom AsÍÆeAk'¨d (4) yg;
odxdvÍö "edwÍö? ed*¾[dwÍö 0drkwåuH/
£apöawa[0 ur®med? 0dyZÆEÅd e apw&m/
ztxufuqkdcJhaom (10)yg;wkdYwGif odxdvç "edwç ed*¾[dwç
0drkwå þav;yg;vGJrSm;vQif uHysufwwfw,f/
ema*gü a*gonf odxdv-avsmhavsmh &Gwf&r,f/ oHaCmü
aCmonf "edw-jyif;jyif;&Gwf&r,f/ oHaCmü oH? OyorÜ'Hü 'H
ponfhtay:u tajymuftpufav;ygaom yk'fonf ed*¾[dwoH[k
rSw?f ydw&f w G &f r,f/ ed*[
¾ w
d oHudk zGi&hf w
G &f rvm;¿ ydw&f w
G &f rvm;[k
0g'ESprf sK;d jzpfaew,f/ ydw&f w G &f r,f[k trsm;qH;k jzwfMuw,f/ tpOf-
tvm0g'ygyJ/ aemuf0g'wpfcku pOf;i,f yg;pyfzGifhzwf&r,f? rydwf-
wydwf &Gwf&r,f/ tJ'D0g'ukd vlBudKufenf;w,f/ OyorÜ'g ü 'gç

y&doka'¨g ü a'¨g ponf[m 0drkwåawGyJ zGifh&Gwf&r,f/ tJ'D (4)rsKd;
uGJatmifrSwfMuyg/
(aqmif) od-"-ed*f-0d? jyefvSefbdç ysuf\ Úwfur®0g/ AdE¨Ked*¾[dwfç
cHwGif;ydwfç rydwf0drkwfyg/
odxdv "edwtu©&mcJGyHk
Asn;f (33)vH;k rSm ig;vH;k wpfpçk ig;vH;k wpfpk uç cç *ç Cç i ponf
wkdYonf 0*ftu©&mawGyJ/ ,ç &ç vç 0ç oç [ç Vç tH-wdkY[m t0*f
tu©&mawGy/J tJ'iD g;vH;k wpfpk tu©&mawGxnf;rSm 'kw, d ESihf pwkw¬
tu©&mawG[m "edwawGyJ/ Oyrm - u0*frSm cç C? p0*frSm qç ps?
#0*frSm Xç ¡? w0*frSm xç "? y0*frSm zç b-wkdYjzpfw,f/ useftu©&m
awGu odxdvtu©&mawGyJ? avsmhavsmh &Gwfzwf&w,f/
ed*¾[dwuawmh oHç CHç 'H - ponf tay:u ao;ao;wif
tajymuftpufygwJh tu©&mawGy?J ydw&f w G zf wf&w,f/ useyf w
d rf &Gwf
&wJh tu©&mawGu 0drkwåyJ/ zGifh &Gwfzwf&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh "edwESifh
ed*¾[dwtu©&mawGukd *½kpkduf rSwfom;xm;yg/ tJ'gawG rSwfrdvQif
odxdvç 0drkwåawG odoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
aemufo&awG Asnf;awG zwfyHktrsKd;rsKd;&SdMuw,f/ pç qç Zç psç
nç o-wkdYukd usç csç *sç Csç nç p- [kzwfMuw,f/ urÇmoHk;yJ/
rGefawGç oD[kdVfç ,kd;',m;awG tJ'DvkdzwfMuw,f/ ArmawG zwfwm
trsm;ESifh rwlbl;/ b,fvdkaMumifh uGJvGJcJhMuw,fqkdwm rodbl;/
Xmef ESifh tu©&mwJGpyfyHk
aemufwpfck - tu©&mjzpf&mt&yf ]Xmef}awG ukud af tmif zwfMu-
&r,f/ XmefrukdufnDvQif odxdvç "edwvJGwmyJ/
1/ uP²Xmef = uç cç *ç Cç iç tç tmç [ç {ç Mo (10)vHk;[m
vnfacsmif;t&yfrSmjzpfwJh uP²Ztu©&mawGyJ/ qkdMunfhyg/
vnfacsmif;t&yfrSm jzpfw,f/
2/ wmvkXmef = pç qç Zç psç nç £ç þç , (8)vHk;[m tmapmuf
t&yfrSm jzpfwJh wmvkZtu©&mawGyJ/
3/ rk'¨|mef = #ç Xç !ç ¡ç Pç &ç V (7)vHk;[m tmacgifrm vQmxdyf
t&yfrSm jzpfwJh rk'¨Ztu©&mawG[k rSwfyg/
4/ 'EÅXmef = wç xç 'ç "ç eç vç o (7)vHk;[m oGm;t&yfrSm jzpfwJh
'EÅZtu©&mawGyJ/
5/ Mo|Xmef = yç zç Aç bç rç Oç OD (7)vHk;[m EIwfcrf;t&yfrSm
jzpfwJh Mo|Ztu©&mawGyJ/
6/ emoduXmef = 0*¾EiÅ g;vH;k iç Úç Pç eç rESihf ed*[¾ w d f þ (6)vH;k -
wdkYonf ESmacgif;rSmjzpfwJh emoduZtu©&mawGyJ? ESmacgif;oH
ygatmif &Gwfzwf&w,f/
7/ O&Xmef = iSç n§ç PSç rSç ,Sç &Sç vSç 0S- qkdwJh [xkd;ygwJh tu©&m-
awG[m &ifacgif;t&yfrSm jzpfwJh tu©&mawGyJ/
8/ ]{} tu©&monf vnfacsmif;t&yfüvnf;aumif;? tmapmuf
t&yfü vnf;aumif; jzpfwwfaomaMumifh uP²wmvkZ tu©&m
rnf\/ ]Mo}tu©&monf vnfacsmif;t&yfüvnf;aumif;?
EIwfcrf;t&yfü vnf;aumif; jzpfwwfaomaMumifh uP²Mo|Z
tu©&m rnf\/ ]0} tu©&monf oGm;t&yfüvnf;aumif;
EIwfcrf;t&yfüvnf;aumif; jzpfwwfaomaMumifh 'EÅMo|Z
tu©&mrnf\/ þodYk 'dZG tu©&m oH;k vH;k udv k nf; rSwo f m;xm;yg/
rSm;,Gif;wwfyHkrsm;
tJ'DrSm rk'¨ZESifh 'EÅZtu©&mawG &GwfzwfwJhtcgrSm rSm;wwf
Muw,f/ rk'Z¨ #ç Xç !ç ¡ç Pç &ç V-wku
Yd kd zwfvQif txuftmacgifudk
vQmaxmufzwf&w,f/ tmacgifudk vQmaxmufrzwfbJ vQmwef;

vef;xm;zwfvQif 'EÅZtu©&m wç xç 'ç "ç eç vç o-awG
jzpfuek w
f ,f/ wpfzef 'EÅZtu©&mawGudk zwfvQif oGm;ESihf rvSr;f rurf;
vQmxdzwf &w,f/ oGm;ESifh vQm rxdbJ tmacgifxd zwfjyefvQif
rk'¨Ztu©&mawG jzpfwwfMuw,f/
Oyrm- okPmwk arü ]Pm}ukd zwf&mwGif txuftmacgif
vQmaxmuf zwf&w,f/ tJ'v D dk rzwfvQif okemwk ar [k 'EÅZtu©&m
jzpfí rSm;wwf\/ xkdYjyif y#dpäEémeÍöü #dpfç y&dykPÖH-ü PÖH ponfwdkYü
vQmukd tmacgifaxmufzwf&rnf ponfjzifh avhvmodyg/
wdóó rSm 'EÅZtu©&mukd rk'Z¨ jzifh #d#ó[k rSm;wwfao;\/
oGm;ESifh vQmxd&rnfukd rxdbJ zwfaomaMumifh rSm;&onf/
rMwm&Gwfzwf rSm;wwfjcif;
aemufwpfck owdxm;p&m&Sdao;w,f/ rMwmjynfhatmif rzwf
Mubl;/ &óo&awG tç £ç O wkdYu wpfrMwm&Sdw,f/ tmç þç ODç
{ç Mo 'DCo&wdkYu ESpfrMwm&Sdw,f/ Asnf;awGu rMwm0uf &Sdw,f/
o&ESihf Asn;f aygif;vQif uç udç uk wpfrMwmcJ?G umç uDç ulç auç aum
ponfrSm ESpfrMwmcJG&Sdw,f/ tJ'DtajccH odxm;yg/
Oyrm - y&doka'¨gukd y+&doka'¨g? y#d päEéHukd y+#d päEéH[k y-tu©&m
wpfrMwmcJGjynfhatmif toHjzwfzwfyg/ xkdYtwl y&dykPÖHukd y+&dykPÖH?
tEÅ&m,dau[dukd tEÅ+&m,dau[d[kç OyorÜ'gukd Oy+orÜ+'g[kç
pD0&Hukd pD0+&H[kç ,mpwdukd ,mp+wd[kç ,'d oHCóukd ,+'d
oHCó[kç crwdukd cr+wd[k toHjzwfzwfrS rMwmjynfhonf?
tJ'g[m armfvNrKd iNf rKd U awmifav;vH;k q&mawmfBu;D 0g'yJ/ tJ'gvnf;
owdxm; zwfbkdYaumif;w,f/
0wfaqmufwnf ur®0gawGrSm owdxm;&ef
orÁ[v k mukd orÁ+[kvm[k cGjJ cm;zwfyg/ xkt
Yd wl {um[yÜ#dpEä mé
a,mukd {um[yfy+#dpEä mé a,m[kç oarm"mey&d0goHudk o+arm"me
y+&d0goH[çk pwl[yÜ#pd Eä mé a,mukd p+wl[yfy+#dpEä mé a,m[k jzwfzwf
&r,f/ [ukd [yf[k owdxm; zwfyg/ aemufu ]yÜ}oH,kwftqifh
&SdaeonfhtwGuf oH,kwfoHxGufatmif zwfyg/
xdkYaemuf oifwef;wuf oHCmawmfrsm;ukd ur®0gpm vufawGU
zwfapum oifMum;ykdYcsavonf/
$
y&d0gofaqmufwnfrnfh yk*¾dKvfrsm; vkdufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;

1/ pdwv å awmifausmif;ü pm&if;0if(15)&uf w&m;xkid Nf y;D rS omvQif
uRJwnif;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;xH tmywfç 0w¬Kç zHk;vTrf;aom
&ufç ae&yftjynfhtpHk a&;om;í avQmufvTmwifoGif;&rnf/
2/ uRw J nif;ausmif; wm0efct H yk cf sKyaf &;rSL;q&mawmfonf aexkid f
&rnfh ausmif;aqmiftaetxm;tm;avsmfpGm avQmufvTm
vufcHjcif;ç qdkif;xm;jcif;jyKNyD;? vufcHvQif uRJwnif;ausmif;ü
a&S;OD;pGm yuwwf&[ef;tjzpf aexkdifap&rnf/
3/ wm0efus em,utzGJUq&mawmfrsm;xHodkY uRJwnif;ausmif;
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;q&mawmfu avQmufvTmwifjy n§dEIdif; rSwfcsuf
jyKNyD; avQmufvTm&Siftm; 0gofr,lrD (3)&ufcefY BudKwifí rnf-
onf 0h wfaqmufwnfoifah Mumif; em,utzJUG rS vlawGUppfaq;
ajymjy twnfjyKNy;D 0gofawmif; 0gofMum;pmrsm; tvGw&f atmif
usufrSwfap&rnf/
4/ ur®0gzwf&mwGif vG,fuloufomap&ef &ufwlç t½kPfwlaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;wwfEkdiforQ pkaygif;apNyD; vqef; (7)&uf? vqkwf
(7)&uf aeYrsm;wGif 0wf,lap&rnf/
5/ rmewf,rl nfh yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf (7)&uf odrYk [kwf (14)&uf tzdwaf eY
rsm;wGif pkaygif;í rmewf,Ml u&ef tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;xH BuKd wif tod
ay;&rnf/
6/ tAÇmef0ifMu&rnfh yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf vqef; (14)&ufç vqkwf (14)
&uf tzdwfaeYwkdYüomvQif tAÇmefoGif;cHMu&rnfjzpfí tkyfcsKyf-
a&;rSL;xH BudKwif todday; avQmufxm;&rnf/
7/ tAÇmefrxGurf D (2)&ufcefY BuKd wifí qkid &f mq&mawmfxH ausmif;
ypön;f rsm; tyfEíHS ausmif;toH;k taqmifrsm; oef&Y iS ;f xm;cJMh uNy;D
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;xH aomhtyfESHum jyef<u&rnf/
8/ 0gofaqmufwnfMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf ausmif;apmifhESifh
*dvmerSty usefyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf pdwåvawmifausmif;ü qGrf;cH-
jcif;? "r®0d[m&DodrfawmfBuD;ü w&m;tm;xkwfç w&m;avQmuf
xm;jcif; jyKMu&rnf/ pBuaø usmif;? pdwv å awmifausmif; qGr;f cH<u
pm&if; yHak oxm;&rnf/ [kw d pfvn S hf 'Dwpfvn
S hf qGr;f cHjcif; rjyK&/
9/ ausmif;wku d jf yify NrKd U&GmtwGi;f odYk c&D;oGm;p&m&Sv d Qif tkycf sKyaf &;-
rSL; q&mawmfxHrS tcGifh&rSoGm;NyD; jyefvmonfhtcgüvnf;
a&muf&SdygaMumif; today;avQmufxm;&rnf/
10/ uRJwnif;ausmif;&Sd &[ef;awmftm;vHk;wkdYonf n (6;00)em&D
tcsdefwGif bk&m;0wfwufç w&m;emç 0wf,lMuí tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
q&mawmfu rMumrMum Mo0g'ay; qHk;rñTefMum;onfrsm;ukd
vkdufemaqmif&GufMu&rnf/ vjynfh vuG,f OykofaeYwkdif;
"r®0d[m&DodrfawmfBuD;okdY <uumOykofjyKí zm;atmufawm&
q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D xHrS tqH;k trMo0g'? vrf;ñTecf su?f pnf;urf;
csrSwfcsufrsm;ukd cH,lvkdufemMu&rnf/
rSwcf suf/ / 0g (20) txuf rax&fBu;D rsm;ukd yuwwf&[ef;tjzpf
raeapbJ OD;pm;ay;í 0wfaqmufwnfcGifh jyKrnfjzpf-
onf/
em,uq&mawmfrsm;
zm;atmufawm& Ak'ömoemh&dyfom
armfvNrdKifNrdKUe,f?
rGefjynfe,f/
y&d0gof aqmufwnf&mwGif t½kPfwufaomtcsdef odxm;&ef

txl;vdktyfygonf/ t½kPfwufNyD;aomtcgrSom 0wfcsoifhaom
aMumifh jzpfygonf/
t½kP fw ufcsdefZ,m;
pOf jrefr mv t*Fv dy fv OK;Mobmo OK;"r®dE ´
1/ wefc l; {NyD 5;00 5;05
2/ uqke f ar 4;50 4;45
3/ e,ke f ZGe f 4;40 4;45
4/ 0gqdk Zlv dki f 4;30 4;55
5/ 0gacgif Mo*kw f 4;40 5;00
6/ awmfo vif; pufw ifb m 4;50 5;05
7/ oDw if; uRwf atmufw dkb m 5;00 5;10
8/ wefaqmifr ke f; Edk0 ifb m 5;10 5;25
9/ ewfawmf 'DZ ifb m 5;20 5;40
10/ jymodv
k f ZEé0 g&D 5;30 5;50
11/ wykdYw GJ azazmf0 g&D 5;20 5;45
12/ waygif; rwf 5;10 5;25
rSwcf suf / / t½kPw f ufcsed Zf ,m; a&SUtuGuf OK;Mobmo[lonfrmS

rGejf ynfe,f rk'NkH rKd Ue,f wHceG w
f ikd &f mG okomefaAm"dausmif; t&SiMf obmo
a&; 0denf;Oya'awmfBu;D pmtkyrf S azmfjyygonf/ aemuftuGuf OK;"rdE® ´
[lonfrmS Mopaw;vsEikd if rH S &[ef;awmf OK;"r®Ed \ ´ DOWN&NOON
pmtkyfi,frS ul;,lwifjyaom tcsdefZ,m; jzpfygonf/
0denf;ya'omoifwef; (yxrwGJ) NyD;\/
"""
www.ShanYoma.Org

Vinaya by Kovidabhivamsa Vol 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vinaya by Kovidabhivamsa Vol 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.ShanYoma.

'getm;vkH;udk "r®'geu atmifEdkif\/

pd&H wd|wk o'¨ar®m? "ar® a[mEÅ K o*g&0g/

(0denf; 5-usrf;) ............................. 3

rdpämZD0 (0dok'¨dr*ft&om-47/) ................... 16

tvZÆDol,kwfrm rjzpfatmif BudK;pm; ............... 32

(3) y&dykPÖyg&dok'¨doDv ........................ 48

jA[®mjynf (20) ............................. 64

ax,soH0gouESifh wdwd¬,yuúEÅu txl; ............ 77

tusOf;csKyfrSwf&ef .......................... 112

&m* (11)rsKd;jzifh okufvGwfjcif;rsm; ................ 124

uk#dESifh 0d[m& txl; ........................ 136

]o'¨g-ynm} nDrQolwdkY vufrcH .................. 148

odu©myk'fynwfawmfrljcif; ..................... 159

]wrefonf} jyKjcif; .......................... 169

t*Fg (5)yg; .............................. 186

'Pfom;usifh&efrsm; ......................... 199

oDvBuD;av;yg; BudKwifusifhzkdY rvdk[k ,lqMu

0denf;awmfukd ta&;xm;aom Xme

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

,cktcg pmar;yGJtm;ay;Muaom acwftcgjzpfaomaMumihf

yGm;rsm;aevQif £`E´d,oH0&oDv vkHjcHKrnf jzpfonf/

ukv'loe (8) yg;

5/ orkv’yem = cyfodrf;aom tzdkYtm;jzifh vGefpGm ajr§mufyifhí

&Smaomolonf (edayÜaowDwd edayÜoad um) edayÜou d rnf\/ xdo

3/ emcGJvdrf;aq;? 0rf;tefaq;? csufay;qD ESpfjzm/

ponfjzifh 'um 'umrwdkY\ t&Sdeft0gukd oHk;í txifBuD;apjcif;?

enf;vrf; usç rusudk y"merxm;bJ >cif;csufr&SdbJ tvSL&SifwdkY\

\/ uóybk&m;&Sio f moemawmfü uydv&[ef;onf pmwwfy*k Kd¾ v-f

txifBu;D atmif jyKjcif;onf tyg,foYkd ra&mufa&mufatmif BuKd ;pm;-

4/ omrdy&dabm* - &[EÅmwdkY\ oHk;aqmifjcif;onf omrdy&dabm*

tdrfuJhodkY &m*rdk;0ifí pGwfpdkEdkif\/

tvZÆD ESifh vZÆD

awmfudk vZÆDyk*¾dKvfwdkYonfom apmifha&SmufukefvwHåU}}[k o*Fg,em-

tm; vSLjyefvQif 'kuú#f tmywfawG ay;a0aeonfESifh wl\/ rdpämZD0-

6/ twkvkdufí csOf;uyfol qnf;uyfoludk tyg,f'ku© Mum&SnfpGm

onf jrwfaom oDv\ usKd;jcif; aygufjcif; usm;jcif; ajymufjcif;

(oAv) aMumifusm;aom oDvrnf\/

apmif; tif;ysOf xdik &f tdy&f onfxuf yljyif;aom i&Janmifapmif;

0rf;ajrmufpGm arT;BudKifaponf/ oDveHYum; tb,fqdkzG,f&m

(1) pmrwwf oDv r&Sdol

wdórax&fukd owf&ef vlq;kd wdu Yk kd ypön;f ay;í apvTw\ f / rax&f-

0dnmOf (10)yg;rS <uif;umrpdwf (44)yg;udk?

a&SmifMuOfpGrf; qdkYydwfpGrf; wHorÜ,kwåapwempGrf; rvGefusL;pGrf;jzifh

rsm;udk wd&pämef[k ac:onf/ acG;ç 0ufç Muufç iSufç a>rç ig;ç

4/ Zmva&m½k0i&J = Zmvm[d !,Srmem r[m&0H &0EÅd {w¬mwd

þodkYvQif tyg,fav;yg;ü qif;&J'ku©BuD;rm;ykH vlcsrf;om ewf-

wkdufBuD; (6) wdkufESifh ork'´&mBuD; (5) pif;

xdyfrS atmufbufydkif;e,fajrrsm;wGif *E¨AÁewfwdkY &dSMuavonf/

psmef (7)bkHwdkYonf wjyifwnf;wnf; &SdMuonfhtjyif wpfckESifhwpfck

aeudk A[kdjyKí N*dK[frsm; vSnfhywfaeykH

ab;BuD; (4) rsKd;

tmywf (7) ykH

( * ) y@Kufpaom tbAÁyk*¾dKvf 11-a,muf? yg&mZdu 11-yg;?

wpfyu©ü umrpdw"f mwf txl;x<uvsuf oH0gojyK&rS auseyf-

yg&mZdu (4) yg; tus,f

psmefr*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;wdkYudk rodrjrifbJ vdrfnmí odjrif\[k

wpfusyf\ av;zkdYwpfzkdY wpfrwfudkjzpfapç ¤if;wpfrwfESifh nDwlnDrQ

ZD0dwm a0ga&may,sjzifh vHkYvjyKjcif;? 5/ aoqHk;jcif;[lí þodkYt*Fg

yg&mZdu (4) yg; t"dyÜm,f rSwfom;zG,frsm;

odu©mwif t*Fg (5) yg;

odrf (2) rsKd;

odu©mcs&mü t*Fg (6) yg;

awmfudk vZÆDyk¾dKvfwdkYonfom apmifha&SmufukefvwHåU}}[k oFg,em-

ykd¾Kvftjym; (12) yg;ESifh rfvrf;aMumif; (3) yg;

0dómo¾g[ (= tuRrf;0ifí,ljcif;) tFg 5-yg;

0pörf yóm0rfEiS hf pyfaom uJ&h UJ jcif; cs;D rGr;f jcif;[lonf -