ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE # 15

TEG. GESTION LOGISTICA

PRESENTADO POR:

WILMAN GABRIEL CASTRO MARTINEZ

DOCENTE:

NIDIA CORTES CUBILLOS

GENNIFER ALDANA

TEMA:

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

CARTAGENA DE INDIAS D Ty C
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos a
seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada
texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en inglés,
por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York:
Routledge.
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations:
sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability
companies. Sole proprietorships
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No
separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who
has total control over all export-import operations and who can make
decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole
proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export- import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive
and requires little or no government approval. At the state level,
registration of the business name is required, while at the federal level,
sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a
profit or loss statement for the business when filing individual tax returns
(Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate
on a calendar year and can use the cash or accrual method of
accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations.

The owner makes all operational and management decisions
concerning the business. The owner can remove money or other assets
of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also
easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from
other sources. Sole

proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement

accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally
liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be
 bought to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance
protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or
debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the
owner. Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is
limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In
addition, very few individuals have all the necessary skills to run an
export-import business, and the owner may lack certain skills. The
business may also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business

organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and ulario

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

vocabulario significado

deal Occupation, activity or work that is carried out to obtain

a profit, especially that which consists of carrying out
commercial operations, buying and selling merchandise
or services.
export Action of exporting a national product.
import Action of importing a foreign product
advantage Circumstance or situation that gives superiority in something.

disadvantage Circumstance of being worse or being in a worse situation one

thing with respect to others of the same
nature with which it is compared.
entrepreneur person who has decision and initiative to carry out actions that are
difficult or entail some risk.
commercial Of the trade or that is related to this activity.

experience Knowledge of something, or the ability to do so, that is acquired by

having done, experienced, felt or suffered it one or more times

accountant a person whose job is to keep, inspect, and analyze financial

accounts.
advice Action of advising or advising.

attorney Person legally authorized to advise and defend the rights and
interests of another person in legal matters and represent them in
a lawsuit.
obligation Requirement established by morality, law or authority.

homework Work or work that someone does.

organization Organizations are administrative systems created to achieve goals

or objectives with the support of the people themselves, or with the
support of human talent.

1. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al interior
de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el material
complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede encontrar
la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

Setting up an export-import business as a sole proprietor is simple and inexpensive

and requires little or no government approval

Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulation versus other business
concerns.

The main disadvantage of running an export-import company as a sole proprietor is

the risk of unlimited liability.

The owner is personally responsible for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be purchased to protect against these liabilities;
2. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas
principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción
literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente progresivo,
también en inglés.
Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense
The company is ownedes and The company is ownedesi and
operated by a single person. operateding by a single person
the director of the companies controls the director of the company
all export and import operations controlsing all export and import
operations
we owners musest keep accurate we owners musest keep accurate
accounting records accounting records
the owner makes all operational the owner makesing all operational
decisions decisions

The owner is responsibles for debts The owner is responsibles for

and other liabilities
The owner of a companies is taxed as
a natural person.
we have all the necessaries skills to
run a business.
debtsing and other liabilities
The owner of a companies is taxeding
as a natural person
we have all the necessaries skillsing
to run a business.

3. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

Setting up an export-import business as a sole proprietor is simple and inexpensive and

requires little or no government approval. The business is owned and operated by a single
person. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulation vs. other
business concerns, owner makes all operating decisions owner is responsible for debts
and other obligations owners must keep accurate accounting records The main
disadvantage of running an export business importation as a sole proprietor is unlimited
liability risk. The owner of a company is taxed as a natural person. We have all the
necessary skills to manage a business.