Title: Fundamental of Mathematic

Chapter: Fundamental of Mathematic

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Properties of modulus : For any a, b  R

(i) |a|  0 (ii) |a| = |–a|
(iii) |a|  a, |a|  –a (iv) |ab| = |a| |b|
a |a|
(v) = (vi) |a + b|  |a| + |b| ; Equality holds when ab  0
b |b|
(vii) |a – b|  ||a| – |b|| ; Equality holds when ab  0

Example # 1 : Solve the following linear equations

(i) x |x| = 4 (ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4
Solution : (i) x|x| = 4
If x > 0
 x2 = 4  x=±2
 x=2 ( x  0)
If x<0  – x2 = 4  x2 = – 4 which is not possible
(ii) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4

case  : If x  –1
 –(x – 3) – 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 – 2x – 2 = 4  – 3x + 1 = 4
 – 3x = 3  x=–1

case  : If – 1 < x  3
 –(x – 3) + 2(x + 1) = 4
 – x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4  x = – 1 which is not possible
case  : If x > 3
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
3x – 1 = 4  x = 5/3 which is not possible  x = – 1 Ans.

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 Exercise – I
1. Solve the following inequalities :
(i) |x – 3|  2
(ii) | |x – 2| – 3|  0
(iii) ||3x – 9| + 2 | > 2
(iv) |2x – 3| – |x|  3
(v) |x – 1| + |x + 2|  3
(vi) ||x – 1| – 1|  1

2. Solve the following inequalities :

3
(i) 1+ >2
x

3x
(ii) 1
x −4
2

| x + 3 | +x
(iii) >1
x+2
(iv) |x2 + 3x| + x2 – 2  0
(v) |x + 3| > |2x – 1|

3. Solve the following inequalities

(i) |x3 – 1|  1 – x

(ii) x2 – 4x + 4 1

| x + 2 | −x
(iii) <2
x
| x−2|
(iv) >0
x−2
(v) |x – 2| > |2x – 3|
(vi) |x + 2| + |x – 3| < |2x + 1|

4. Solve the following equations

(i) |x3 + x2 + x + 1| = |x3 + 1| + |x2 + x|
(ii) |x2 – 4x + 3| + |x2 – 6x + 8| = |2x – 5|
(iii) |x2 + x + 2| – |x2 – x + 1| = |2x + 1|
(iv) |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2|
(v) | 2x – 3 | + | x + 5 |  | x – 8 |

5. Find the solution set of the inequalities |x2 + x – 2|  0 and |x2 – x + 2|  0

6. Write the following expression in appropriate intervals so that they are bereft of modulus sign
(i) |log10x| + |2x–1 – 1|
(ii) |(log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2|
2
− 4x +5
(iii) | 5x − 25 |

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7. Solve the equations log100 l x + y l = 1/2 , log10y – log10|x| = log1004 for x and y.

8. Solve the inequality

(i) (log2x)2 – |(log2x) – 2|  0

(ii) 2 | log3x | + log3x  3

x
(iii) Find the complete solution set of 2x + 2  2 2

3 x2 − 10 x + 3
9. Find the number of real solution(s) of the equation x − 3 =1

10. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then find the value of |x + y|

11. If x, |x + 1|, |x – 1| are three terms of an A.P., then find the number of possible values of x

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 Answer Key
Exercise – I
1. (i) x  (–, 1]  [5, ) (ii) x = 5 or x = – 1
(iii) x  R – {3} (iv) x  [0, 6]
(v) R (vi) [− 1, 3]
2. (i) x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3) (ii) x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
 2  1 
(iii) x  (–5, –2)  (–1, ) (iv) x   −, −    ,  
 3   2 
 2 
(v) x   − , 4
 3 
3. (i) x  (–, –1]  [0, ) (ii) x  (–, 1]  [3, )
(iii) x  (–, 0)  (1, ) (iv) x  (2, )
(v) (1, 5/3) (vi) (2, )
4. (i) {–1}  [0, ) (ii) [1, 2]  [3, 4]
 1 
(iii) x  − ,   (iv) |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2|
 2 
(v) | 2x – 3 | + | x + 5 |  | x – 8 |
5. {–2, 1}
7. x = 10/3, y = 20/3 & x = – 10, y = 20
 1   1
8. (i) x   0,   2,  ) (ii)  0, 27   3,  )
 4  
1
(iii). (−,log2 ( 2 − 1)]   , )
2
9. 3 10. 4 11. 2

Solution
Exercise – I
1. (i) |x – 3|  2
x – 3  2 or x – 3  – 2
x  5 or x  1
(ii) |x – 2| – 3 = 0
|x – 2| = 3
x = 5 or x = – 1
(iii) |3x – 9| + 2 > 2 or |3x – 9| + 2 < – 2
|3x – 9| > 0 or x  
x  R – {3}

(iv)

for y  3 x  [0, 6]
(v) |x – 1| |x + 2|  3
Now |a| + |b|  |a – b|  |x + 2| + |x – 1|  3  x  R.
(vi) –1  |x – 1| – 1  1  0  |x – 1|  2
 0  |x – 1|  xR ...(1)
and |x – 1|  2
 –2  x –1  2  –1  x  3 ...(2)
(1)  (2)
 x  [–1, 3].

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 3 3 3−x x +1
2. (i) 1+ >2 or 1+ < –2  >0 or <0
x x x x
 0<x<3 or –1 < x < 0  x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3)
3x 3x + x 2 − 4 3x − x 2 + 4
(ii) –1  2 1   0 and 0
x −4 x2 − 4 x2 − 4
(x + 4) (x − 1) (x − 4) (x + 1)
  0 and 0
(x − 2) (x + 2) (x − 2) (x + 2)
x  (–, –4]  (–2, 1]  (2, ) and x  (–, –2)  [–1, 2)  [4, )
Taking intersection we get x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
2x + 3 − x − 2
(iii) case-I: x  –3  >0
x+2
x +1
 > 0  x  (–, –2)  (–1, ) But x  – 3  x  [–3, –2) (–1, )
x+2
−3 − x − 2 x+5
case-II: x < –3  >0  <0  –5 < x < –2
x+2 x+2
But x < –3  x  (–5, –3)  x  (–5, –2)  (–1, ).
(iv) |x2 + 3x| + x2 – 2  0
case-I: x < – 3
1 
 2x2 + 3x – 2  0  (2x – 1) (x + 2)  0  x  (–, – 2)   ,  
 2 
But x < – 3  x  (– , – 3) ....(i)
case-II:– 3  x < 0
2
 3x + 2  0  x–
3
 –2 
But –3x<0  x   –3, ....(ii)
 3 
case-III: x  0
1 
 2x2 + 3x – 2  0  x   ,  ....(iii)
2 
union of (i), (ii) and (iii) gives (i)  (ii)  (iii)
 2 1 
x   – , –    ,  
 3 2 
(v) |x + 3| > |2x –1|  x2 + 9 + 6x > 4x2 + 1 – 4x
 2 2
 3x2 – 10x – 8 < 0   x +  (x – 4) < 0  – < x < 4
 3 3

3. (i) |x3 – 1|  1 – x  |(x – 1)| (x2 + x + 1)  1 – x

case-I x  1  (x – 1) (x2 + x + 1) + (x – 1)  0
(x – 1) (x2 + x + 2)  0  (x – 1)  0
x1  x  [1, )
case-II x < 1
[– (x – 1) (x2 + x + 1)] + (x – 1)  0  – (x – 1) [x2 + x + 1 – 1]  0

(x – 1) (x2 + x)  0 = x (x – 1) (x + 1)  0
x  (–, –1]  [0, 1)
Taking Union of both the cases, we get x  (–, –1]  [0, ) Ans.
(ii) |(x –2)2|  1  (x – 2)2  1
(x – 2 + 1) (x – 2 – 1)  0  (x – 1) (x – 3)  0
x  (–, 1]  [3, ) Ans.
x+2 −x
(iii) <2
x
−x − 2 − x −4x − 2
Case-I x  –2  –2<0  <0
x x
4x + 2 2x + 1  1
>0  >0 i.e. x  −, −   (0, )
x x  2 
i.e. x(–, –2]
case-II x > –2

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 x+2−x 1 1− x
<2  –1 <0  >0
x x x
i.e. x (–, 0)  (1, ) (Intersection with the given case)
i.e. x  (–2, 0)  (1, )
x (– , 0)  (1, ) Ans.
| x−2|
(iv) >0
x−2
case-I x > 2
case-II x < 2
x (2, ) – 1 > 0 Not possible
x  (2, ) Ans.
(v) Squaring
x2 – 4x + 4 > 4x2 – 12x + 9
 5
3x2 – 8x + 5 < 0  (x – 1)(3x – 5) < 0  x   1, 
 3
(vi) case-I : x < –2
–x – 2 – x + 3 < –2x – 1  1 < –1 Not possible
1
Case-II : –2  x < −
2
x + 2 – x + 3 < – 2x – 1  2x < –6  x < –3 Not possible
1
case-III : −  x < 3
2
x + 2 – x + 3 < 2x + 1  x>2
case-IV : x  3
x + 2 + x – 3 < 2x + 1  1 > –1 Hence x  (2, )

4. (i) |a + b| = |a| + |b|  ab  0  (x2 + 1)(x2 + x)  0

 (x + 1) x(x – x + 1)  0 
2 2
x  {–1}  [0, )
(ii) |a| + |b| = |a – b| ab  0  (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4)  0
 x  [1, 2]  [3, 4]
 1 
(iii) |a| – |b| = |a – b|  |a|  |b|  2x + 1  0 (as a, b  0)  x   − ,  
 2 
(iv) Since (x + x - 2) - (x - 2x - 8) = 3x + 6 = 3(x+2)
2 2
 (x - 2x - 8) (x2 + x - 2)  0
2

i.e. (x - 4) (x + 2) (x + 2) (x - 1)  0

 Solution set is [1,4]  {-2}

(v) |a|+|b||a–b| i.e. | a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |
| a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |  | a | + | –b | = | a + (–b) |  a ( – b )  0 i.e. ab  0
 solution set is given by ( 2x – 3 ) (x + 5)  0
i.e. – 5  x  3/2.

5. |x2 + x – 2|  0  (x + 2)(x – 1) = 0  x = –2, 1

|x2 – x + 2| = 0  xR Hence x  {–2, 1}

6. (i) log10x + 2x – 1 – 1 x1

–(log10x + 2x–1 – 1) 0<x<1
(ii) (log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 x  (0, 2]  [4, )
–((log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 ) x  (2, 4)
2
−4x +5
(iii) 5x − 25 x  (–, 1]  [3, )
x2 −4x +5
25 − 5 x  (1, 3)

1
7. log100 |x + y| =
2
|x + y| = 10
this gives x + y = 10 .....(i)
or x + y = – 10 .....(ii)

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 y
log10 y – log10 |x| = log1004  =2
|x|
for x < 0, we get y = – 2x .....(ii)
for x > 0, we get y = 2x .....(iv)
on solving (i) and (iii), we get x = – 10, y = 20 and
10 20
on solving (i) and (iv), we get x = ,y=
3 3

8. (i) Let log2x = t

t2 – |t – 2|  0
Case- t2
t2 – t + 2  0  tR
Hence t  [2, )
Case- t2
t2 + t – 2  0  (t + 2)(t – 1)  0
 t  (–, –2]  [1, 2)
Hence t  (–, –2]  [1, 2)
From Case- & Case- t  (–, –2]  [1, )
 log2x  (–, –2]  [1, )
 1
 x   0,   2,  )
 4
(ii) Let log3x  0  x1
Inequation become log3x  1  x3
If log3x  0  x  [0, 1]
1  1
Inequation becomes –log3x  3  0<x so x   0,   ( 3,  )
27  27 
log3x  0  x1
log3x  1  x3
log3x  0  x  [0, 1]
1  1
–log3x  3  0<x x   0,   ( 3,  )
27  27 
1
(iii) Case-I : x  0  2x+1  23/2  x
2
Case-II : x  0  2x + 2–x  23/2
Let 2x = y  y  y2 –2 2 y + 1  0
2 2 −2
 y= or 2x  2 + 1 (projected as x < 0)
2
 x  log2( 2 − 1 )

3 x2 − 10 x + 3
9. x −3 =1
|x – 3| = 1 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
x – 3 = 1 & x – 3 = –1 3x2 – 9x – x + 3 = 0
x=4 & x=2 (3x – 1)(x – 3) = 0
1
x= ,3
3
but x  3
 three real solutions.

10. 2x2 – 4xy + xy – 2y2 = 7

2x (x – 2y) + y(x – 2y) = 7
(x – 2y) (2x + y) = 7
x, y are integers  x – 2y, 2x + y are also integers
Four cases are possible
Case I x – 2y = 1, 2x + y = 7  x = 3, y = 1
|x + y| = 4

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 9
Case II x – 2y = 7, 2x + y = 1  x= rejected
5
Case III x – 2y = –1, 2x + y = –7
 x = –3, y = –1
|x + y| = 4
9
Case IV x – 2y = –7, 2x + y = –1  x=– rejected
5
Hence |x + y| = 4

11. since x , |x + 1|, |x – 1| are in A.P.

so 2 |x + 1| = x + |x – 1| .... (i)
Case-I If x < – 1, then (i) becomes
3
– 2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x =–
2
Case-II If –1  x  1, then (i) becomes
1 1 3
2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x = – 1/2 then series – , ,
2 2 2
Case-III If x  1, then (i) becomes
2 (x + 1) = x + x – 1
2 = – 1 impossible.

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