Smart Agriculture System using IoT Technology
Vadapalli Adithya
Department of Instrumentation Technology
Andhra University
Vishakapatanam
Email address-adithya.v9999@gmail.com
Abstract—: In olden Days Farmers used to figure the
ripeness of soil and influenced suspicions to develop which
to kind of yield. They didn't think about the humidity, level
of water and especially climate condition which terrible a
farmer increasingly The Internet of things (IOT) is
remodeling the agribusiness empowering the agriculturists
through the extensive range of strategies, for example,
accuracy as well as practical farming to deal with
challenges in the field. IOT modernization helps in assembly
information on circumstances like climate, dampness,
temperature and fruitfulness of soil, Crop web based
examination empowers discovery of wild plant, level of
water, bug location, creature interruption in to the field,
trim development, horticulture. IOT utilize farmers to get
related with his residence from wherever and at whatever
point. Remote sensor structures are utilized for watching the
homestead conditions and tinier scale controllers are
utilized to control and mechanize the home shapes. To see
remotely the conditions as picture and video, remote
cameras have been used. IOT development can diminish the
cost and update the productivity of standard developing.
Keywords: Soil moisture sensor, raindrop sensor,
Humidity sensor, Temperature sensor, Arduino Uno and
IOT systems
I.INTRODUCTION
The Agriculture Parameters are utilizing an IOT
Technology and system availability that draw in these
objects to assemble and deal information. "The IOT enables
things selected recognized or potentially forced remotely
crosswise over completed the process of existing
configuration, manufacture open gateways for all the
additional obvious merge of the substantial earth into PC
based frameworks, in addition to acknowledging overhauled
capacity, precision and cash interconnected favored stance.
Precisely when IOT is extended with sensors and actuators,
the improvement modify into an occasion of the all the extra
wide category of electronic physical structures, which in like
manner incorporates headways, for instance, clever grids,
splendid homes, canny moving and smart urban groups [1].
All is especially specific through its introduced figuring
configuration anyway can interoperate within the current
Internet establishment..
II.EXISTING SYSTEM
Horticulture is the foundation of our Nation. In long time
past days agriculturists used to figure the ripeness of soil and
influenced presumptions to develop which to kind of
product. They didn't think about the dampness, level of water
and especially climate condition which horrible an
agriculturist more. They utilize pesticides in view of a few
suspicions which made lead a genuine impact to the yield if
the supposition isn't right .The profitability relies upon the
last phase of the harvest on which agriculturist depends. [2].
III.PROPOSED SYSTEM
To improve the efficiency of the product there by
supporting both Farmer and in developing the country we
need to utilize the innovation which appraises the nature of
harvest and giving recommendations. The Internet of things
(IOT) is revamping the agribusiness engaging the farmers by
the broad assortment of techniques, for instance, accuracy
and conservative cultivation to go up against challenges in
the field. IOT advancement aids in social affair information
on conditions like atmosphere, temperature and productivity
of soil, harvest web watching engages area of weed, level of
water, bug acknowledgment, animal interference in to the
field, alter improvement, cultivation . IOT utilize farmers to
get related with his residence from wherever and at whatever
point. Remote sensor frameworks are used for checking the
farm conditions and little scale controllers are used to control
and robotize the property shapes [3]. a. Use Of Wireless
sensor Networks In Precision.
A. Use Of Wireless Sensor Networks
In Precision Agriculture Precision agriculture is information
and technology in agricultural processing systems by
providing benefits to obtain optimal and sustainable benefits.
Wireless sensor network on the development of precision
agriculture can be used to regular monitoring of changes in
environmental conditions such as climate, hydrology, plant
physiology, humidity, temperature and others. Other than
that, it can also act as a control in the provision of inputs for
seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and others. The WSN sensor
node will help the data collection process to produce
information for farmers. WSN can take the form of a data
collection system and control system on agricultural
machinery. This system is widely used in research projects
and commercial products to provide solutions for monitoring
plant status, regulating irrigation, fertilizer management, pest
control, and automatic harvesting.
WSN System Architecture
Wireless Sensor Network systems posture remarkable
difficulties with respect to unit control utilization, warm
exchange and general size, so the security conventions
utilized for sensor information insurance must be effective,
asset neighborly and quick[9]. Formal confirmation is the
procedure used to empower trust and security issues to be
checked in connection to security convention outline for the
data correspondences part. This exploration program
consolidates these subjects and is worried about the plan and
formal testing/confirmation of cryptographic based security
conventions reasonable for use with remote sensor
frameworks to perform errands, for example, key
understanding, key transport and hub validation. The WSN is
erect of "centre points" – from a couple to a couple of
hundreds or still thousands, where each centre is associated
with single (or now and again a couple of) sensors. Both
such sensor mastermind centre has ordinarily a couple of
segments: a radio earpiece by an interior accommodating
wire or correlation with an exterior assembly contraption, a
microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing among
the sensors and a centrality source, if all else fails a battery or
an inserted type of hugeness gathering. Size and cost
impediment on sensor centres realize looking at prerequisites
on resources, for case, imperativeness, memory,
computational speed and exchanges information replace
boundary. The topology of the WSNs can fluctuate from an Diagram Figure.2.Temperature Sensor
effortlessly comprehended star system to a progressed
multichip remote work organizeEquations Those LM35 may be an incorporated information
preparing sensor that might a chance to be used to figure
temperature for an electrical yield proportional of the
IV.LITERATURE SURVEY temperature (in °C). It might quantify temperature additional
Mr. Dahikar SS and atal (AICTE Training & Learning faultlessly over a utilizing a indoor controller.
Academy) utilized IoT and picture handling to locate the
supplement and mineral insufficiencies that influence the
yield development [1]. M.K. Gayathri and atal advance the
quick improvement of agrarian modernization and help to
acknowledge brilliant answer for horticulture and
productively explain the issues identified with ranchers [2].
Zhou Zhongwei and atal have proposed a technique to
picture and follow rural items in inventory network [3]. Li
Sanbo and at al centre around the equipment engineering,
arrange design and programming process control of the
exactness water system framework [4]. Smash and atal have
proposed an approach to direct water in rural fields [5]. Bo Figure.3. Moisture Sensor
Yifan and atal have concentrated on the investigation on the
use of distributed computing and the web of things in Soil sensor may be a sensor which faculties those
horticulture and ranger service [6]. M.V. Latte and atal have wetness material of the soil. That sensor need just as the
utilized shading and example investigation to recognize
numerous insufficiencies in paddy leaf. plain and the propelled yield. The propelled yield will be
created and the plain yield limit might a chance to be
V.BLOCK DIAGRAM fluctuated. It takes a shot on the example about open Also
short crazy. That yield may be secondary or low
demonstrated toward the headed. During those side of the
point when the mud may be dry, those current won't
experience it Along these lines it shall clear out for
Concerned open circuit illustration.

During those purpose The point when those dirt is wet,

those present will take off from single terminal of the
following and the circlet is gathered with make short and
the yield will be nothing.

Figure.1. System Block

Figure.4 HUMITY SENSOR

 HR 202 Humidity is coordinated circuit sensors that can
be utilized to gauge the nearness of water in arrive. The
HR202 is another sort of stickiness touchy resistor
produced using natural macromolecule materials, it can be
utilized as a part of events like: clinics, stockpiling,
workshop, material industry and so on. The Stickiness
sensor with its yield Relative to the temperature (in RH %).
The operational temperature extend is from20-95%RH.
FIGURE.5. RAINDROP SENSOR
Rain Sensor: The rain sensors detects the rain, the basic
principle of working is checking resistance of sensor, and
the sensor comprises two different conduction printed leads
on whole surface. When water droplets fall on surface of
sensor it completes the circuit and thus creating a
resistance which is far less than open circuit resistance of
sensor and the sensed data is sent to controlling unit[10].
A. Figure.6. ARDUINO UNO BOARD
Arduino is a single card microcontroller designed to
make the application more appreciable, that is interactive
objects and the surrounding environment. The UNO
board of Arduino is a microcontroller based on
ATmega328[12]. It has 14 digital input and output pins in
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, an ICSP header, a USB connection, 6 analog
inputs, a power connector and a reset button. Contains all
the necessary support controller required (Baraka et al.,
2013). It is presented by ATmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up
to R2 version) programmed as USB serial converter. It is
a simple USB interface system. This allows the interface.
This allows the USB interface since it is like a series. The
chips on the card connect directly to the USB port and are
compatible with the computer as a virtual serial port. The
advantage of this configuration is that serial
communication is an extremely simple protocol that has
been proven over time and that USB connects to modern
computers and makes it comfortable [8]... It is easy to
find the microcontroller brain that is the Atmega328 chip.
It is an open source project and there is an advantage to
be open source, since it has a large community of people
who use it and solve it. This facilitates the help in
debugging projects. It is very convenient to manage the
energy inside and has an integrated voltage regulation
function. This can also be powered directly from a USB
port without an external power supply. It is connected to
an external power supply up to 12 V and adjusts the
digital pins of the 5v and3.3v.13 and 6 analog pins. This
type of pin allows you to connect the hardware to the
UNO board of Arduino externally[13].. Simply connect
the electronic devices and sensors to the plugs that
correspond to each of these pins and are ready to work.
B. ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) is a cross-platform application (for Windows,
MacOS, Linux) written in the Java programming
language. It is used to write in the java programming
language. It is used to write and load programs on the
Arduino board. The source code for the IDE is published
under the GNU General Public License, version 2. The
Arduino IDE supports the C and C ++ language using
special code structuring rules (Souza et al., 2017). The
Arduino IDE provides a software library of the wiring
project, which provides many input and output procedures
VI. IMPLEMENTATION
The reason for the Arduino processor is that it
interfaces every one of the parts related with the
Development pack. Each stick is relegated with specific
segment of the unit for performing specific capacity. The
edge estimation of the sensors is set in this LPC 2148
processor which is in charge of the programmed ON and
OFF of the engine which is combined with the pump for
directing water to the horticultural land The temperature
limit esteem will be refreshed to server or framework,
through IoT for each 1 minute from the incorporated
advancement pack[7]. LM35 temperature sensors utilize
speaker at the accurate supporters outright temperature
(estimated in Kelvin) into also Fahrenheit or Celsius rely
leading it arrangements. The two resistors are adjusted in
the production line to create an exceedingly exact
temperature sensor. The coordinated START Read the
information deployment of Sensor’s Temperature/the
Humidity esteems in go Is the water esteems in run Motor
on Stop No Yes Data server (IoT passage) circuit has
various transistors in it - two in the centre, a few in each
intensifier, a few in the dependable flow source, and
several in the bend give circuit. The edge esteem is
achieved (1 RH%-100 RH%) this breaking points can be VII RESULT
set in the microcontroller if its goes above past 10 RH%
The yield appeared beneath signifies the temperature,
conditions will be unusual generally dampness level will soil dampness state and the gate crasher discovery. The
be in ordinary conditions. The qualities can have refreshed next outcome is the yield as of the Android purpose that is
to framework through IoT passage [6]. The highlights of produced in the Smart mobile phone.. It decides the
stickiness sensor are excellent linearity, low power
temperature, stickiness, dampness as well as the interloper
utilization, wide estimation extend, fast reaction, against
discovery. The yield appeared beneath means the
contamination, high dependability, elite value proportion.
temperature, soil dampness state with the gate crasher
These statuses can be endlessly revived to the structure
identification. The second outcome is the yield from the
using IoT. The Internet of things (IOT) would be the Android purpose that is produced in the Smart mobile
internetworking [8] connected with brute machinery, phone. It decides the temperature and dampness with the
transit, architecture and varying things embedded with
help of gate crasher location.
equipment, programming, sensors, actuators, and
framework organize that engage these articles to gather
and exchange data. These contraptions hoard critical data
with the help of various existing advances and after that
uninhibitedly stream the data between various devices.

The module can even be reconstructed to go about as

an independent Wi-Fi. IOT is becoming 3.3v power– don't
self- discipline magnetism accompanying 5 volts. data
processing should put across by the use of following
through 3.3v additionally doesn't feel 5v tolerant sources of
info, so you require level change to speak with a 5V
microcontroller.

FIGURE.8. OUTPUT DISPLAYED ON SCREEN

FIGURE.7. FLOW CHART


Figure.9. Monitoring various sensors information
using IoT
CONCLUSIONS
With the help of WSN & IOT, we can develop the field
agriculture [9]. These systems enable to check the quality of
the soil and the growth of the crop in soil and with these
system farmers are able to solve irrigation problems,
temperature problems, humidity problems, etc. Available
sensors for the agricultural parameters and microcontrollers
can be easily interfaced with each other and with the help of
Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks communication
issues can also be reduced and a better communication path
for the transfer of useful data be achieved between various
nodes. So, farmers are able to control various agricultural
equipment’s and monitor their crop on Smartphone or on
computers. These systems offer a high application area to the
users to improve their skill and output of the crops in better
way. Use these systems help to increase the Rice ,wheat and
maize and other agricultural production in India in the near
future. IOT able to control the condition of the crop and crop
growth also IOT able to check soil, temperature, humidity,
etc. [13].
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This Smart Agriculture project incorporating with the
Wireless sensor networks and IoT systems by the guidance
bestowed by our Dr. P. Swapna Associate Professor and
support extended by the team of Instrumentation laboratory,
Andhra University. My sincere and Many thanks to my
fellowmetes who were supportive in my achievement.
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