Introduction

A digital repository is like the electronic equivalent of the library stacks. Digital items are organized
and searchable there, and they have a specific, persistent location so repository managers maintain
intellectual control. A digital repository does more than simply house digital objects online, it
preserves their integrity in the long term. An institutional repository collects, preserves, and
distributes digital copies of an institution's intellectual output, especially research.

Advantages

Teaching and Learning Material

Enabling Access to Teaching and Learning Materials Across Institutions will undoubtedly improve the
quality of learning and teaching in higher education institutions, as students and teachers will have
access to an abundance of learning and teaching materials available across institutions and will be
able to develop themselves accordingly.

Student admission data

This repository containing student admission data must be made accessible across departments (for
students with common modules) in order to establish learning and teaching groups efficiently. If a
teacher want to form groups based on students' geographic origin, for instance, this repository will
assist them in doing so efficiently. In addition, for institutions to effectively promote student
retention, they must make student admission data accessible to all departments so that they can
analyse various statistics to track students' development.

Resource Information

To promote student retention, a repository containing information about the institution's

educational setting must be accessible to all departments. Educational settings include classrooms,
laboratories, studios on campus, dormitories, facilities, equipment, supplies, etc. If colleges make
this information accessible to the public, it can also aid in the recruitment of local and international
students. This information should also be made available to accreditation bodies for efficient
accreditation, as these resources are also evaluated throughout the accreditation process. In
addition, sharing this information across departments will help to reduce the cost of higher
education institutions by pooling resources.

Disadvantages

 Redundancy concerns with other modalities of information dissemination.

 Problems with copyright.
 Fear of being accused of plagiarism and having one's work stolen.
 The idea that Open Access content is of poor quality, despite the fact that quality is a major
priority for any academic's reputation.
 There are no mandatory policies for depositing manuscripts;
 There is a lot of confusion and uncertainty about intellectual property concerns. Academic
credit and how material from institutional repositories will be used

Software Used
DSpace is a repository software package that is often used to create open access repositories for
scholarly and/or published digital content. While DSpace has several features in common with
content management and document management systems, it is designed to fill a special
requirement as a digital archives system, focusing on long-term storage, access, and preservation of
digital content. The DSpace registry, which is optional, lists around 3,000 repositories from around
the world.

Adaptive learning environments (ALEs) can improve accessibility of the courses. ALEs can support
disabled students by using and integrating assistive technologies. Skourlas et al. report that there is a
lot of interest in developing learning environments using various assistive technologies. Walker,
Foray and Raffo (2014) review the state of web accessibility for users with cognitive disabilities and
disabled. They highlight the emergence of an educational tool industry, the importance of using
standards and the necessity to conform to them. The review considers that "the state of the art in
web accessibility research shows little progress in this domain". Automated e-learning assistants
(ALEs) are a way of reducing the need and cost for expensive educational resources, a tool for
accessibility and assistance to both students and teachers. Personalisation and user models play a
key-role in adaptivity and ALEs. A promising area of research is related to the support of learning
styles in the framework of ALEs. Truong (2015) reviews 51 studies and attempts to integrate learning
styles and adaptive e-learning systems. A set of tips for learners and teachers is formulated based on
bibliographic analysis of articles. Blended synchronous learning is where remote students participate
in face-to-face classes by means of rich-media/synchronous technologies such as video
conferencing. Bower et al. propose a Blended Synchronous Learning Design Framework based on the
key findings of their study. Blended learning engages students more effectively in the learning
process. Students with learning or physical disabilities can benefit from this approach. We have to
add/incorporate assistive technology and follow user-centred strategies of instruction (Marinagi and
Skourlas, 2013).

Institutional repositories (IR) and e-learning platforms could assist individuals to "create, seek, share
and manage the life of information" in higher education institutions. In this paper, we study how
accessibility of disabled students and students with learning difficulties could be improved through
the use of integrated ALEs. The OCRIS project was funded by the Jisc Scholarly Communications
Working, as part of Jisc's Information Environment Programme (Birrell et al., 2009). The first
recommendation of the study to higher education institutions is to expose all LMS and IR records for
harvesting and linking (except in cases where legal requirements restrict such data re-use). In this
section, we look at the integration of the IR and LMS in higher education. The main components of
the Institute's archival. collection as well as information items along with their metadata that should
become. part of the institutional repository's collection is: "paper clippings, reports, photos, videos,
white papers, blueprints, student guides, state gazettes, etc." In this section, we present a
methodology to incorporate user's ontologies in DSpace. The scope of the proposed approach is
twofold: it aims to provide a model to create and manage terminologies, and it focuses on how to
use the DSpace platform to accommodate the semantic metadata of items and facilitate searching.
Other objectives are to support the process of implementation and operation of the repository, and
to ensure continuous update of the terminology/ontology. Ontologies could be seen as a
sophisticated thematic organisation of knowledge using portions of standard classification systems,
terminologies and thesaurus. Ontologies provide a mechanism for interoperability and offer a level
of communication between people, organisations and systems. They also provide a framework for
structuring concepts in a knowledge domain, e.g. in the case of Higher Technological Education or
higher education. The proposed methodology is based on the development of a digital repository
into an academic institute. Skourlas et al. (2014) describe how the users can create and customise
their own vocabularies.

A repository application based on DSpace could organise digital items of. interest in communities
and/or sub-communities within them, including collections. We discuss how an ontology could be
built to serve the subject organisation and access to the archival collection of a higher. education
institution of technological character. Technical reports, educational materials, pictures and videos
in sign language and related metadata are discussed. We also discuss how an ontology could be built
to serve the subject organisation and access to the archival collection of a higher education
institution of technological character. DSpace Semantic Search v2.0 could offer a new interesting
approach towards the\r use of DSpace-based IR. Next steps will focus on UI fine-tuning and tighter
integration with the Linked Data Cloud. Personalisation is another key issue for future research.

Open source, Digital libraries (DLs)/institutional repositories (IRs)/digital archives are been discussed
heavily since 2000. Under open source license terms and conditions range of free institutional
repository software are available especially Aigaion, BRICKS (software), D-Space, E-Prints,
Greenstone (software), Invenio, Islandora, Museolog, Omeka, Refbase, RefDB, SobekCM etc. Aigaion
is web-based reference management software. It structures a bibliography using topic tree oriented
publication management. Publications may be annotated to briefly outline the publication's
relevance. Aigaion is built on the BibTeX format.  BRICKS (Building Resources for Integrated
Cultural Knowledge Services) is an open-source software framework for the management of
distributed digital assets. The BRICKS project released the first prototype of its software framework
(v0.1) in December 2005. In February 2007, the third prototype release was made available. The next
release is planned in July 2007. BRICKS has been deployed on a number of cultural institutions under
the umbrella of the BRICKS Cultural Heritage Network, a community of cultural heritage, scientific
and industrial organizations across Europe. The software itself is shared under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL).  DSpace is an open source repository software package typically
used for creating open access repositories for scholarly and/or published digital content. The first
public version of DSpace was released in November 2002, as a joint effort between developers from
MIT and HP Labs. Following the first user group meeting in March 2004, a group of interested
institutions formed the D-Space Federation, which determined the governance of future software
development by adopting the Apache Foundation's community development model as well
establishing the D-Space Committer Group.  E-Prints was created in 2000 as a direct outcome of
the 1999 Santa Fe meeting that launched what eventually became the OAI-PMH. E-Prints is a free
and open-source software package for building open access repositories that are compliant with the
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The E-Prints software is not to be
confused with e-prints (or e-prints), which are preprints (before peer review) and post prints (after
peer review), of research journal articles: e-prints = preprints + post prints. The E-Prints software
was enthusiastically received and became the first and one of the most widely used free open
access, institutional repository software, and it has since inspired the development of other software
that fulfill a similar purpose.  Greenstone is a suite of software tools for building and distributing
digital library collections on the Internet or CD-ROM. It is open-source, multilingual software, issued
under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Greenstone is produced by