Myanmar Health Statistics 2010

MINISTRYOF FIEALTH
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Foreword by Professor Dr. Kyaw Myint,
Minister for Health
Ministry of Health of the Union of Myanmar is pleased to present this publication,

"Myanmar Health Statistics 2010", a product of the collaborative efforts of the
Departments under the Ministry. Being one of the examples of the close partnership
among these departments, this publication attempts to provide, in a simple and user-
friendly way, the most sought-after health and health related information to a wide-ranging
array of audience, both in-country and abroad.
It is well recognized that policies and actions in public health need to be based on a sound
information base, and that health and health related decisions are made with a profound
understanding of the health status, trends and health determinants. It is expected that this
publication will fulfill this need to certain extent. It could also serve as an important
benchmark for a monitoring and evaluation of the Millennium Development Goals related
health activities. The graphic presentations will also highlight the existing geographical
differentials that require policy level attention.
I would like to thank the dedicated staff of the Departments concerned for their determined
efforts in making this publication a reality and encourage them to keep on sustaining this
tradition and milieu of collaboration.
Professor Dr. Kyaw Myint

Minister for Health
Contents
Forward
1. Demography ................................................................................................. 1
Population by State and Division, 2008 ........................................................... 4
Population Density by State and Division, 2008 ............................................... 6
Annual Population Growth Rate, 1990-1991 to 2008-2009 .............................. 8
Age Pyramid, 1983 and 2007 .......................................................................... 9
Percentage of Population under 5 Years, 2007 ................................................ 10
Percentage of Population 65 years and Above, 2007 ....................................... 12
Life Expectancy at Birth, 1988-2007 ................................................................ 14
Crude Birth Rate and Death Rate, 1988-2007.................................................. 15
2. Health Expenditures ..................................................................................... 16

Total Health Expenditures in Current Prices, 1998-2007 ................................. 18
Total Health Expenditures by Agents, 1998-2007 ............................................ 19
Per Capita Health Expenditures, 1998-2007 .................................................... 20
Per Capita Total Health Expenditures and Per Capita GDP, 1998-2007............ 21
Total Health Expenditures as percentage of GDP, 1998-2007 .......................... 22
Establishment of Trust Fund in Hospitals, 2009 ............................................... 23
3. Health Resources ......................................................................................... 24

Distribution of Medical Doctors (Government), 2009 ........................................ 26
Distribution of Dental Surgeon (Government), 2009 ......................................... 28
Distribution of Nurses (Government), 2009 ...................................................... 30
Distribution of Midwives (Government), 2009................................................... 32
Government Hospital Bed Strengths, 2009 ...................................................... 34
4. Health Service Utilization ............................................................................. 36
General Clinic Attendance by State and Division, 2008 .................................... 38
In-patients Attendance in Government Hospitals by State and Division, 2008 ... 40
AN Coverage by State and Division, 2008 ....................................................... 42
Immunization Coverage of DPT3 by State and Division, 2008 .......................... 44
Immunization Coverage of Polio3 by State and Division, 2008 ......................... 45
Immunization Coverage of BCG by State and Division, 2008 ........................... 46
Immunization Coverage of Measles by State and Division, 2008 ...................... 47
Immunization Coverage of TT2 by State and Division, 2008............................. 48
Coverage of Sanitary Latrines by State and Division, 2008 .............................. 49
5. Morbidity and Mortality................................................................................. 36

Malaria
Malaria Morbidity and Mortality Rate, 1988-2008 ............................................. 53
Malaria Morbidity Rate by State and Division, 2008 ......................................... 54
Malaria Mortality Rate by State and Division, 2008 .......................................... 55
Tuberculosis
Case Detection Rate of Tuberculosis, 1994-2008 ............................................ 56
Cure Rate and Treatment Success Rate of Tuberculosis, 1994-2007 ............... 56
Tuberculosis Case Detection Rate by State and Division, 2008 ........................ 57
HIV/AIDS
Estimation and Projection of HIV Prevalence, Adult 15-49 years ...................... 58
Reported AIDS Cases, 1991-2008 .................................................................. 58
HIV Sentinel Sero-Surveillance Survey, 1992-2008 ......................................... 59
Leprosy
Prevalence of Leprosy by State and Division, 2008.......................................... 60
New Case Detection of Leprosy by State and Division, 2008............................ 61
Diarrhoea
Morbidity of Diarrhoea by State and Division, 2008 .......................................... 62
Mortality of Diarrhoea by State and Division, 2008 ........................................... 64
Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity, 2008........................................................... 66
Ten Leading Causes of Mortality, 2008 ........................................................... 67
IMR, U5MR and MMR
Infant Mortality Rate, 1990-2007 ..................................................................... 68
Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1990-2007 ................................................................ 68
Infant Mortality Rate by State and Division, 1999 National Mortality Survey ...... 69
Under 5 Mortality Rate by State and Division, 1999 National Mortality Survey... 70
Maternal Mortality Ratio by State and Division,1999 National Mortality Survey.. 71
Technical Notes
Demography
1. Demography
Population
The population of Myanmar in 2008-2009 is estimated at 58.377 million with the growth
rate of 1.52 percent. About 70 percent of the population resides in the rural areas,
whereas the remaining are urban dwellers.
In 2008, the population density for the whole country is 86 persons per square kilometers
and ranges from 666 persons per square kilometers in Yangon Division to 15 persons per
square kilometers in Chin State, the western part of the country.
Estimates of population and it’s structure

(1980-2008)
Population 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2007-08 2008-09

Structure
(in million) No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
0-14 years 13.03 38.77 14.70 36.05 16.43 32.77 18.57 32.30 18.87 32.32
15-59 years 18.44 54.86 23.47 57.55 29.72 59.29 33.87 58.90 34.38 58.89
60 + years 2.14 6.37 2.61 6.4 3.98 7.94 5.06 8.80 5.13 8.79
Total 33.61 100 40.78 100 50.13 100 57.50 100 58.38 100
Female 16.93 50.37 20.57 50.28 25.22 50.31 28.92 50.29 29.35 50.27
Male 16.68 49.63 20.21 49.72 24.91 49.69 28.58 49.71 29.03 49.73
Sex Ratio 98.52 98.25 98.77 98.82 98.91
(M /100 F)
Source: 2008-09 data : Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and Economic
Development
1980-81 to 2008-09 data: Statistical YearBook 2008, Central Statistical Organization,
Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development
Page 1
Myanmar Health Statistics 2010
Age Pyramid
The age-sex structure of the population is shown by a population pyramid. Comparison is
made between data from 1983 Census and 2007 Population data. The 1983 (Census) age
pyramid shows a high proportion of infants and children. This pattern is typical of a high-
fertility. The changes of the age pattern that appeared as a result of the demographic
transition is well depicted in the age pyramid of 2007 with an increasing working age
group and elderly population.
Percentage of population under five years

In 2007, the under five year old population as a percent of the total population ranges from
10.2 to 14.2 percent. Yangon Division shows the lowest percentage (10.2%), while Kayah
State shows the highest percentage of 14.2%. Tanintharyi Division and Mon State from
Southern part of Myanmar shows the second highest percentage of about 13%.
Percentage of population 65 years and above

In 2007, variation of the population of 65 years and above by state and division is
4.2 percent in Kayah State and 6.9 percent in Yangon Division. Ayeyarwady, Bago (East)
and Bago (West) Divisions have the second highest percentage of elderly population
(6.3% each) and Shan State (North, East & South) has the third highest percentage of
elderly population (6.1% each). Those aged 65 years and above comprise 5.9 percent of
the whole population.
Life Expectancy at Birth

As the country is striving to attain its health objectives, positive trends in various health
indicators are observed including Life Expectancy at Birth. A remarkable progress was
observed in life expectancy following the period of 1988 to 2007. In 1988, life expectancy
at birth was 56.2 years for males and 60.4 years for females in rural area and in urban
area life expectancy at birth for males and females were 59 years and 63.2 years
respectively. In 2007, life expectancy at birth was 64 years for males and 69 years for
females in urban area and in rural area life expectancy at birth for males and females
were 63.2 years and 67.1 years respectively.
Page 2
Demography
Crude Death Rate and Crude Birth Rate

One of the health sector achievements is reduction in crude death rate. In 1988, crude
death rate was recorded as 9.9 per thousand population in rural area and 8.9 per
thousand in urban area. In 2007, the rates fall to 5.3 and 5.9 per thousand populations
respectively.
A steady reduction in crude birth rate is seen during the period of 1988 and 2007. The
crude birth rate was 28.6 for urban and 30.5 for rural in 1988 and the rates decrease to
18.4 for urban and 21.2 for rural in 2007.
Page 3
Population by State and Division

2008
Mandalay 8216
Ayeyarwady 7858
Yangon 6849
Sagaing 6392
Bago 5879
Shan 5539
Magway 5491
Rakhine 3233
Mon 3060
Kayin 1771
Tanintharyi 1665
Kachin 1539
Chin 541
Kayah 344
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Population (in thousand)
Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population cited by

Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development
Page 4
Demography
Population by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
Yangon
wady
Mon
Population (in Thousand)

Tanin-
tharyi
Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population cited by

Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development
Page 5
Population Density by State and Division

2008
Yangon 666
Mon 249
Ayeyarwady 224
Mandalay 216
Bago (West) 177
Bago (East) 132
Magway 122
Rakhine 88
Union 86
Sagaing 68
Kayin 58
Shan (North) 43
Shan (South) 39
Tanintharyi 38
Kayah 29
Shan (East) 22
Kachin 17
Chin 15
0 200 400 600 800
Persons per sq km
Source: Calculated using the data from the following sources:

Population : Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population,
Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and Economic
Development
Land area of States & Divisions: Districts, Townships, Sub-townships, Wards, Village
Tracts and Village by States and Divisions, 2009, Ministry of Home Affairs
Page 6
Demography
Population Density by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay
Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Yangon Kayin

wady
Mon
Population per Sq Km
Tanin-
tharyi

Population : Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population,
Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and Economic
Development
Land area of States & Divisions: Districts, Townships, Sub-townships, Wards, Village
Tracts and Village by States and Divisions, 2009, Ministry of Home Affairs
Page 7
Annual Population Growth Rate

1990-1991 to 2008-2009
2.5
2
Growth Rate
1.5
0.5
Year
Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population in

Statistical YearBook 2008, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of National
Planning and Economic Development
Page 8
Demography
Age Pyramid – 1983 (Census)

65+
60-64
55-59
50-54
Age group (years) 45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29 Female
20-24 Male
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Percentage of Population
Age Pyramid – 2007

65+
60-64
55-59
50-54
Age group (years)
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
Female
15-19 Male
10-14
5-9
0-4
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population in
Statistical YearBook 2000 & 2008, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of
National Planning and Economic Development
Page 9
Percentage of Population Under 5 Years by State and Division

2007
Kayah 14.2
Tanintharyi 13.2
Mon 13.0
Sagaing 12.4
Kachin 12.2
Mandalay 12.2
Kayin 12.1
Magway 12.1
Union 11.7
Ayeyarwady 11.6
Rakhine 11.4
Bago (West) 11.1
Bago (East) 11.1

Chin 11.0
Shan (East) 10.7
Shan (South) 10.7
Shan (North) 10.7

Yangon 10.2
10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Source: Population Department, Ministry of Immigration and Population, 2007
Page 10
Demography
Percentage of Population Under 5 Years by State and Division

2007
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
tharyi
Page 11
Percentage of Population 65 Years and Above

by State and Division, 2007
Yangon 6.9
Ayeyarwady 6.3
Bago (East) 6.3
Bago (West) 6.3

Shan (North) 6.1
Shan (East) 6.1
Shan (South) 6.1

Magway 5.9
Union 5.9
Rakhine 5.8
Mandalay 5.6
Chin 5.5
Sagaing 5.4
Kayin 5.2
Mon 5.1
Kachin 5.0
Tanintharyi 4.9
Kayah 4.2
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Page 12
Demography
Percentage of Population 65 Years and Above

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
tharyi
Page 13
Life Expectancy at Birth, 1988 - 2007

75
70
65
Years
60
55
Urban
50
1988 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Male (Urban) Female (Urban)
75
70
65
Years
60
55
Rural
50
1988 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Male (Rural) Female (Rural)
Source: Statistical YearBook 2000 & 2008, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of
Page 14
Demography
Crude Birth Rate and Death Rate, 1988 – 2007

35
Urban
28.6
30 27.5
Rate (per 1000 population)
24.2 23.9
25
21.2
19.9 19.1 19 19 18.4
20
15
8.9 8.2
10
6.3 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.3
5
0
1988 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
35
30.5 Rural
29.1
30
Rate (per 1000 population)
26.4 26.3
24.6
25 22.4 22 21.9 21.5 21.2
20
15
9.9
8.7
10 7.3 7.1 7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.9
5
0
1988 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Crude Birth Rate (per 1000 Population)
Crude Death Rate (per 1000 Population)
Note: Rates and Ratios are based on registered birth & death events.
Source: Statistical YearBook 2000 & 2008, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of
Page 15
2. Health Expenditures
A more efficient use of resources has been becoming more important and essential in the
wake of technology advances, demographic transitions and rapidly changing patterns of
morbidity and mortality. The emergence of public health problems brought about by newly
emerging infectious diseases and changing climatic pattern even make stronger call for
more resources and their efficient uses. Health care is provided by a complex and shifting
combination of government and private sector. In such an environment, policy makers
need reliable national information on the sources and uses of funds for health, preferably
comparable across countries in order to enhance health system performance. By
depicting the current use of resources in the health system National Health Accounts
(NHA) help provide that information. Through a systematic compilation and display of
health expenditure NHA are designed to answer precise questions about a country's
health system. With the approval and under the guidance of the Ministry of Health, NHA
Myanmar has been constructed in 2004, covering the period 1998 to 2001. After that
series of reports were prepared for years covering 2002 to 2007.
Trend of Total Health Expenditures
Time series analysis of total health expenditure in current prices for the years 1998 to
2007 revealed that total health spending is increasing throughout the period with varying
proportions by component. Private health spending still constitutes the major share of total
health spending.
Per Capita Health Expenditures and Per Capita Gross Domestic Product
Per Capita Total Health Expenditures at current prices for the year 1998 was estimated at
613 kyat and for the year 2007 was estimated at 7,890 kyat. Per capita Government
Health Expenditures at current prices were estimated at 65 kyat in 1998 and 928 kyat in
2007. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product at current prices for the year 1998 was 33,426
kyat and as of 2007 was 394,496 kyat.
Page 16
Health Resources
Health Expenditures as percentage of Gross Domestic Product
Total Health Expenditures as percentage of Gross Domestic Product was ranging around
2 percent during the period of 1998 to 2007.
External Sources on Health as percentage of Total Health Expenditures
External Sources on Health as percentage of Total Health Expenditures was increasing

throughout the year 1998 to 2007. External financial sources comprised 1.2 and 5.38
percent of Total Health Expenditures in the year 1998 and 2007 respectively.
Trust Fund in Hospitals
Based on religious and social customs Myanmar people are eager to provide assistance
for social works. Public hospitals throughout the country are stipulated to raise and
establish trust fund and interest earned from these funds are used for supporting poor in
accessing needed medicinal supply and diagnostic services where user charges are
practiced.
The cumulated amount of trust fund established in the hospitals was 1,516 kyat in million
in 2005 and 5,494 kyat in million in 2009 October.
Page 17
Total Health Expenditures in Current Prices

1998 - 2007
2007 453670
2006 345482
2005 259492
2004 206268
2003 175102
Year
2002 133105
2001 72991
2000 54015
1999 39503
1998 29465
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000
Kyat in million
Source: Myanmar National Health Accounts, (1998-2001) (2002-2005) (2006-2007)
Page 18
Health Resources
Total Health Expenditures by Agents

1998 - 2007
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Year
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Percentage of Total Health Expenditures
Government Sector Private Sector
Page 19
Per Capita Health Expenditures

1998 - 2007
928
2007 7890
882
2006 6113
422
2005 4684
515
2004 3799
407
2003 3291
Year
390
2002 2550
180
2001 1442
153
2000 1079
88
1999 800
65
1998 613
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Kyat
Per-capita Government Health Expenditures

Per-capita Total Health Expenditures
Page 20
Health Resources
Per Capita Total Health Expenditures and Per Capita GDP

1998 - 2007
7890
2007 394496
6113
2006 298173
4684
2005 221783
3799
2004 167199
3291
2003 145049
Year
2550
2002 107764
1442
2001 68899
1079
2000 50922
800
1999 44582
613
1998 33426
0 100000 200000 300000 400000

Kyat
Per Capita Total Health Expenditures Per Cpaita Gross Domestic Product
Page 21
Total Health Expenditures as percentage of

Gross Domestic Product, 1998-2007
5
4
Percentage
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
External Sources on Health as Percentage of

Total Health Expenditures, 1998-2007
6 5.46 5.38
4
Percentage
2.93 3.0
3
2.2
2
1.2 1.1
1.0 1.0 1.37
1
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Page 22
Health Resources
Establishment of Trust Fund in Hospitals
2009
Central level … 1151.62

Mandalay 842.38
Sagaing 678.09
Rakhine 509.86
Ayeyarwaddy 324.39
Shan (North) 225.07
Yangon 219.37
Bago (East) 208.07

Bago (West) 187.73
Kachin 177.93
Tanintharyi 163.55
Mon 160.17
Magwe 139.35
Shan (East) 138.46
Shan (South) 129.23
Kayin 113.71
Chin 97.06
Kayah 27.61
0 500 1000 1500
Kyat in Million
Source: Department of Health, October 2009
Page 23
3. Health Resources
With the aim to develop and strengthen the human resources for health, Ministry
of Health is training and producing all categories of health personnel. There are a
total of 14 medical and health related universities under the management of the
Department of Medical Science. It also has 46 nursing and midwifery and related
training schools across the country. In addition post graduate training courses
have been conducted for higher learning and there are 31 doctorate courses, 7
Ph.D courses, 29 Master courses and 6 Diploma courses conducted under the
Department of Medical Science.
Specialists have been appointed for the first time in district hospitals in 1997.
Number of specialties available in the State and Divisional Hospitals has
increased and more specialists are appointed. Specialist services are available at
the district hospitals and more advanced secondary and tertiary care services are
provided at the State and Divisional Hospitals, Central and Teaching Hospitals.
Modern diagnostic and therapeutic facilities have been installed in the central
and teaching hospitals, state/divisional hospitals and district hospitals.
Distribution of Government Medical Doctors

Distribution of Government Medical Doctors across states and divisions vary
from 6 (Mon State) to 59 (Chin State) per 100,000 population. Yangon and
Mandalay divisions, where major teaching hospitals are located, have high
concentration of medical doctors. A Chin state, as comparatively less populated,
has a high number of doctors sanctioned given the nature of terrain and difficulty
in travel.
Page 24
Health Resources
Distribution of Government Dental Surgeons

The distribution of Dental Surgeons ranges from 1 to 4 per 100,000 population.
Union wise, the coverage is one Dental Surgeon per 100,000 population.
Distribution of Nurses
The distribution of Nurses among states and divisions were also related to the
distribution of Medical Officers. The number of nurses per 100,000 population
ranges from 10 in Mon State to 160 in Chin State.
Distribution of Midwives
Midwives are basic health front line workers in the practicing of primary health
care system in Myanmar for successful implementation of rural health
development programme. The distribution of Midwives is highest in Chin State
with 89 per 100,000 rural population and followed by 65 in Kayar State, 32 in
Kachin State, 31 in Shan (South), 27 in Rakhine State and 25 each in Shan
(East) State and Bago (West) Division.
Government Hospital Bed Strength
To ensure adequate coverage of hospital services in every state and division,

new hospitals were being established and existing hospitals were upgraded. By
the end of December 2009, total number of hospital beds in government
hospitals are 39060. On an average there are 67 hospital beds per 100,000
population in government medical institutions in Myanmar.
Page 25
Distribution of Medical Doctors (Government)

Chin 59
Yangon 46
Kayah 26
Mandalay 23
Kachin 18
Union 17
Shan(East) 16
Shan(South) 15
Magway 13
Tanintharyi 11
Shan(North) 10
Ayeyarwaddy 9
Bago(East) 9
Sagaing 8
Rakhine 7
Kayin 7
Bago(West) 6
Mon 6
0 20 40 60 80
Medical Doctors per 100,000 Population

Health Manpower : Ministry of Health
Population : Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population
cited by Department of Planning, Ministry of National Planning and
Economic Development
Page 26
Health Resources
Distribution of Medical Doctors (Government)

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Doctors per 100,000 Population
Tanin-
tharyi

Page 27
Distribution of Dental Surgeons (Government)

Chin 4
Kayah 3
Yangon 2
Shan(East) 2
Kachin 2
Mandalay 2
Shan(South) 2
Union 1
Tanintharyi 1
Shan(North) 1
Sagaing 1
Rakhine 1
Kayin 1
Magway 1
Bago(East) 1
Bago(West) 1
Ayeyarwaddy 1
Mon 1
0 1 2 3 4
Dental Surgeons per 100,000 Population

Page 28
Health Resources
Distribution of Dental Surgeons (Government)

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Dental Surgeons
per 100,000 Population
Tanin-
tharyi

Page 29
Distribution of Nurses (Government)

Chin 160
Yangon 55
Kayah 45
Mandalay 39
Kachin 38
Shan(South) 33
Union 28
Shan(East) 28
Shan(North) 24
Tanintharyi 22
Ayeyarwaddy 21
Bago(East) 20
Magway 20
Sagaing 19
Rakhine 12
Kayin 12
Bago(West) 10
Mon 10
0 50 100 150 200
Nurses per 100,000 Population

Page 30
Health Resources
Distribution of Nurses (Government)

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Nurses per 100,000 Population
Tanin-
tharyi

Page 31
Distribution of Midwives (Government)

Chin 89
Kayah 65
Kachin 32
Shan(South) 31
Rakhine 27
Shan(East) 25
Bago(West) 25
Magway 24
Sagaing 24
Union 23
Bago(East) 22
Tanintharyi 22
Kayin 22
Shan(North) 22
Ayeyarwaddy 22
Mandalay 18
Mon 17
Yangon 15
0 20 40 60 80 100
Midwives per 100,000 Rural Population

Page 32
Health Resources
Distribution of Midwives (Government)

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Midwives per 100,000 Rural Population
Tanin-
tharyi

Page 33

Chin 183
Kayah 153
Yangon 136
Kachin 112
Mandalay 88
Shan(East) 86
Shan (South) 83
Shan (North) 75
Union 67
Tanintharyi 63
Sagaing 45
Kayin 44
Magway 44
Bago(East) 42
Rakhine 41
Bago(West) 40
Ayeyarwaddy 37
Mon 34
0 50 100 150 200
Hospital Beds per 100,000 Population

No. of hospital beds : Ministry of Health
Page 34
Health Resources

Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Hospitals beds per 100,000 Population

30 - 50
51 - 100 Tanin-
101 -150 tharyi
151 - 200

No. of hospital beds : Ministry of Health
Page 35
4. Health Service Utilization
General clinic attendance in Government Health Centers
As a whole country, 20.6 out-patients visit to government health centers were made by
100 population in 2008. The lowest out-patient attendance was seen in Shan (North) State
(13.5%), the highest visit was in Mon State (37.2%) and the second highest visit was in
Chin State (26.9%). Some states and divisions such as Yangon and Mandalay have
reported below 20% of outpatient attendance and it might be due to growing private health
centers.
In-patients attendance in Government Hospitals
Based on cases admitted to government hospitals during the year 2008, in-patient care for
that year was calculated. On an average 19 patients per 1000 population seek inpatient
care at government hospitals in 2008. However geographical variations were seen ranging
from 11 patients in Rakhine State to 35 patients per 1000 population in Yangon Division
and followed by 31 patients in Kayar State. The high figure in Yangon Division could be
due to good quality care and availability of medical care facilities.
Antenatal care coverage
In 2008, on an average 68.2% of pregnant women were seeking antenatal care for at least
one visit. Over 70% of antenatal care coverage has been reported by six states and
divisions. About 60 to 70% of pregnancies received antenatal care in eight states/divisions
out of seventeen. Only three states Chin, Shan (North) and Shan (East) reported
antenatal care coverage below 60%.
Page 36
Health Service Utilization
Immunization coverage of children
BCG coverage is highest among child immunization. On average immunization coverage

was BCG 90.3%, Polio 87.4%, DPT3 87.2% and measles 85.5% in 2008. Immunization
coverage is lowest in Shan (East) and second lowest in Chin State.
Tetanus immunization coverage of pregnant mothers
The tetanus immunization coverage for the union was 84.6% ranging from 44.5% in Shan
(East) to 94.1% in Bago (West) in 2008. Out of seventeen states/divisions, ten
states/divisions have reported that over 80% of pregnant women had received second
dose of tetanus immunization. The coverage of pregnant mothers from three
states/divisions receiving tetanus immunization were 70 to 80% and remaining four
states/divisions had reported 45 to 70%.
Page 37
General Clinic Attendance by State and Division

2008
Mon 37.2
Chin 26.9
Shan (East) 24.1

Kayah 24.0
Magway 23.7
Kayin 23.7
Sagaing 22.6
Bago (West) 22.3

Rakhine 21.7
Bago (East) 21.3
Union 20.6
Ayeyarwady 20.0
Yangon 19.6
Tanintharyi 18.5
Kachin 16.8
Mandalay 15.8
Shan (South) 15.0

Shan (North) 13.5
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
Source: HMIS, Department of Health Planning, Ministry of Health
Page 38
General Clinic Attendance by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
tharyi
Page 39
In-patients Attendance in Government Hospitals

2008
Yangon 35
Kayar 31
Kachin 23
Mandalay 22
Tanintharyi 21
Union 19
Shan (East) 18
Shan (South) 18
Shan (North) 18
Kayin 18
Mon 17
Bago (East) 17
Bago (West) 17
Chin 16
Sagaing 15
Ayeyarwady 14
Magway 13
Rakhine 11
0 10 20 30 40
In-patients per 1,000 Population
Page 40
In-patients Attendance in Government Hospitals

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
In-patients per 1000 Population
Tanin-
tharyi
Page 41
AN Coverage by State and Division

2008
Mon 81.8
Tanintharyi 79.6
Kayah 73.9
Kachin 71.4
Bago (East) 70.6

Shan (South) 70.4
Ayeyarwady 70.0
Rakhine 69.2
Mandalay 69.2
Bago (West) 68.4

Union 68.2
Kayin 68.1
Magway 67.9
Yangon 64.6
Sagaing 63.9
Shan (North) 56.4

Chin 55.7
Shan (East) 46.7
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Percentage of Pregnancies
Page 42
AN Coverage by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Percentage of Pregnancies
Tanin-
tharyi
Page 43
Immunization Coverage of DPT3 by State and Division
2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
DPT3 Coverage tharyi
Page 44
Immunization Coverage of Polio3 by State and Division
2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Polio3 Coverage tharyi
Page 45
Immunization Coverage of BCG by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
BCG Coverage tharyi
Page 46
Immunization Coverage of Measles by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Measles Coverage tharyi
Page 47
Immunization Coverage of TT2 by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
TT2 Coverage tharyi
Page 48
Coverage of Sanitary Latrines by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Sanitary Latrines Coverage tharyi
Page 49
5. Morbidity and Mortality
Malaria
Malaria is one of the priority diseases in Myanmar. Malaria prevalence is found to be

falling from 24.53 per 1000 populations in 1988 to 9 per 1000 populations and 10.75 per
1000 populations in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Similarly deaths from malarial fall from
10.44 per 100,000 populations in 1988 to 2.91 per 100,000 populations and 1.84 per
100,000 populations for the same periods respectively. Number of epidemics became
reduced during last five years. Chin, Rakhine, Kachin and Kayah states show higher
incidence rates 48, 41, 39 and 31 per 1000 population respectively. The highest mortality
rate was seen in Kachin state (8.64 per 100,000 population) and followed by Chin state
(6.7 per 100,000 population).
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is also one of the major public health problems in Myanmar. DOTS
(Directly Observed Treatment Short Course) strategy was introduced in 1997 and it
covered all the townships since November, 2003. NTP achieved case detection rate 90%,
cure rate 77% (treatment success rate 85%) and has reached the global TB control
targets since 2006 and maintained.
HIV/AIDS
The results from the Estimation and Projection of HIV/AIDS (2009) revealed that
approximately 238,000 adults and children are living with HIV in Myanmar at the end of
2009. An estimated adult HIV prevalence among 15 to 49 years age group is 0.61%. The
adult HIV prevalence peaked around 2000-2001 and since then there is a steady decline.
Page 50
Morbidity and Mortality
AIDS Case reporting
In 2008, a total of 1,067 AIDS cases, including 39 paediatric AIDS cases, were reported
from the hospitals all over the country. Out of them, 32.3% (345/1067) were females and
67.7% (722/1067) were males. Based on these reported cases, it has been found that
72.8 % of the cases were attributed to sexual transmission, 3% to injecting drug use, 1.7%
to blood transfusion, 2.8% to mother to child transmission and the remaining 19.7% to
other causes.
HIV Sentinel Sero-Surveillance Survey
To determine the extent of HIV and AIDS situation in the country, active surveillance of
HIV and AIDS has been conducted in Myanmar since 1985. The first comprehensive
surveillance system was developed in 1992 and HIV sentinel sero-surveillance survey
among target groups has been carried out since then. The sentinel groups included are
population at low risk: pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, new military recruits,
blood donors; and those at high risk: injecting drug users, men who have sex with men,
female sex workers and male patients attending sexually transmitted infection (STI)
clinics.
Trends analysis of the HIV sentinel surveillance data revealed that HIV prevalence levels
among low risk populations in 2008 show continuation of the general decline observed
since their peak in the late 1990s; however, a slight rise was observed among new military
recruits from 1.3% in 2007 to 2.5% in 2008.
Among most at risk population, a decline was observed among female sex workers and
injecting drug users, a slight rebound was observed in male clients of STI clinics from
4.9% in 2006 to 5.4% in 2008.
Leprosy
Myanmar has achieved Leprosy Elimination Goal several years back since 2003. The
national prevalence rate was 0.48 in 2008 0.47 per 10,000 population in 2009. Bago
Division has reported the highest rate of 0.65 per 10,000 population and followed by
Mandalay Division and Magway Division with the prevalence rate of 0.63 and 0.61 per
10,000 population respectively.
Page 51
Diarrhoea
In 2008, high diarrhoea morbidity was seen in Chin, Kayah, Rakhine, Shan (East) and
Mon States where sanitary latrines coverage was moderate except in Mon State. Yangon,
Mandalay, Bago (West) and Magway Divisions had low diarrhea morbidity with high
sanitary latrine coverage. Overall, it was found that all states and divisions which had
higher sanitary latrines coverage experience low diarrhea morbidity.
The highest number of deaths due to diarrhea has reported in Kayah State (4.11 per
100,000 population) and Yangon Division has reported the lowest mortality rate (0.15 per
100,000 population).
Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
Leading grouped causes of morbidity based on hospital records and classified under ICD
10 coding for 2008 are certain infectious and parasitic diseases (20.5%), preganancy,
childbirth and puerperium (16.1%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of
external causes (14.3%), diseases of the digestive system (8.3%) and diseases of the
respiratory system (5.7%).
Similarly, leading grouped causes of mortality for 2008 are certain infectious and parasitic
diseases (26.7%), diseases of the circulatory system (16.2%), injury, poisoning and
certain other consequences of external causes (10.5%) and certain conditions originating
in the perinatal period (10.3%) and diseases of the digestive system (7.3%).
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
The Infant Mortality Rate and Maternal Mortality Ratio have been calculated based on
registration of birth and death events.
Infant mortality rate is on the descending trend and it declines from 50.7 per1000 live-
births in 2002 to 46.3 per 1000 live-births in 2007 in rural area and 48.4 in 2002 and 43.4
per 1000 live-births in 2007 in urban area.
Maternal mortality ratio also revealed a decline. The Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100,000
live-births in rural area was 190 in 2002 and 136 in 2007 and 110 and 94 in urban area for
the years 2002 and 2007 respectively.
Page 52
Malaria Morbidity and Mortality Rate in Myanmar
1988 - 2008
30
24.53
24.35
Morbidity per 1,000 Population

25
18.68
Mortality per 100,000 Population

15.94
20
14.56
13.84
12.62
11.70
11.57
11.11
11.21
10.75
15
10.44
9.96
9.00
7.50
10
6.72
5.48
5.05
3.65
2.91
5
1.84
0
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
Source: National Malaria Control Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 53
Malaria Morbidity Rate by State and Division
2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Malaria morbidity per 1,000 population tharyi
Page 54
Malaria Mortality Rate by State and Division
2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Malaria mortality per 100,000 population tharyi
Page 55
Case Detection Rate of Tuberculosis

1994 - 2008
100 95 90
89
86
81
80 73
70
Percentage
61
56
60
43
40 32
20
Case Detection Rate
0
1994 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Cure Rate and Treatment Success Rate of Tuberculosis

1994 - 2007
90
85 85 85
84
82 81 82 82 81
78 78 78
80 77
74 74 75
Percentage
73 72
70
70
61
60
Cure Rate Treatment Success Rate
50
1994 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Source: National Tuberculosis Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 56
Tuberculosis Case Detection Rate by State and Division
2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
TB New Case Detection Rate tharyi
(percent)
Source: National Tuberculosis Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 57
Estimation and Projection of HIV Prevalence

Adult (15-49 years)
0.61% (2009)
Reported AIDS Cases

1991-2008
1600 40
1400 35
1200 30
Number of cases
Percentage
1000 25
800 20
600 15
400 10
200 5
0 0
Males AIDS cases Female AIDS cases % female cases
Source: National AIDS Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 58
HIV Sentinel Sero-Surveillance Survey, 1992-2008

Trends in HIV Prevalence among Most at Risk Populations
80
70
60
% HIV Positive
50
40
30
20
10
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Male STI Patients Injecting Drug Users
Female Sex Workers Men Sex with Men
Trends in HIV Prevalence among Low Risk Populations

100
% HIV Positive
10
0.1
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Pregnant Women Blood Donars

Military Recruits New TB Patients
Source: National AIDS Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 59
Prevalence of Leprosy by State and Division

2008
Bago 0.65
Mandalay 0.63
Magway 0.61
Sagaing 0.59
Yangon 0.52
Shan 0.49
Union 0.48
Kayin 0.37
Ayeyarwady 0.34
Kayah 0.32
Mon 0.27
Tanintharyi 0.25
Kachin 0.21
Rakhine 0.09
Chin 0.07
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Prevalence Rate per 10,000 Population
Source: National Leprosy Control Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 60
New Case Detection Rate of Leprosy by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Shan (E)
Mandalay Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
New Case Detection Rate of Leprosy tharyi
per 100,000 population
Source: National Leprosy Control Programme, Department of Health, Ministry of Health
Page 61
Morbidity of Diarrhoea by State and Division

2008
Chin 15.79
Kayah 14.31
Rakhine 11.22
Shan (East) 10.36
Mon 10.28
Kayin 9.39
Kachin 9.19
Tanintharyi 7.41
Bago (East) 7.21
Sagaing 7.21
Ayeyarwady 6.68
Union 6.67
Shan (South) 6.64
Magway 6.53
Shan (North) 6.18
Bago (West) 4.53
Mandalay 4.33
Yangon 2.96
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
Cases per 1,000 Population
Page 62
Morbidity of Diarrhoea by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Kayin
wady Yangon
Mon
Tanin-
Cases per 1,000 population tharyi
Page 63
Mortality of Diarrhoea by State and Division

2008
Kayah 4.11
Chin 3.45
Shan (South) 2.62
Kachin 1.86
Rakhine 0.98
Tanintharyi 0.95
Ayeyarwady 0.86
Mon 0.83
Shan (North) 0.75
Union 0.65
Bago (West) 0.6
Kayin 0.53
Magway 0.29
Sagaing 0.21
Mandalay 0.2
Bago (East) 0.18
Shan (East) 0.16
Yangon 0.15
0 1 2 3 4 5
Deaths per 100,000 Population
Page 64
Mortality of Diarrhoea by State and Division

2008
Kachin
Sagaing
Shan (N)
Chin
Mandalay Shan (E)
Shan (S)
Magway
Rakhine
Kayah
Bago
(W) Bago
(E)
Ayeyar Yangon Kayin

wady
Mon
Tanin-
Deaths per 100,000 population tharyi
Page 65
Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity

2008
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases 20.5
Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium 16.1
Injury, poisoning and certain other

14.3
consequences of external causes
Diseases of the digestive system 8.3
Diseases of the respiratory system 5.7
Diseases of the circulatory system 4.9
Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical

4.2
and laboratory findings, not elsewhere
Diseases of the eye and adnexa 4.1
Certain conditions originating in the

4.1
perinatal period
Diseases of the genitourinary system 3.9
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
Percentage
Page 66
Ten Leading Causes of Mortality

2008
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases 26.7
Diseases of the circulatory system 16.2
Injury, poisoning and certain other

10.5
consequences of external causes
Certain conditions originating in the

10.3
perinatal period
Diseases of the digestive system 7.3
Diseases of the respiratory system 6.9
Neoplasms 5.3
Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical

4.2
and laboratory findings, not elsewhere
Diseases of the nervous system 2.9
Diseases of the genitourinary system 2.6
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
Percentage
Page 67
Infant Mortality Rate, 1990-2007

55
50.7
50.2 50.1
per 1000 live-births
49.7
50 48.8
47.1 47 47 46.9
48.5 48.3 48.4 46.3
47 47.3
45
45.3 45.2 45.1 44.9
Urban
43.4
Rural
40
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1990-2007
250
per 100,000 live-births
187 186 190

200 176 180
152
145 143 141
150 136
113 110
102 99 104 98 98 96 96 94
100
50
Urban
Rural
0
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note: Rates and Ratios are based on registered birth death events.
Source: Statistical YearBook 2008, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of National
Page 68
Infant Mortality Rate by State and Division

National Mortality Survey, 1999
Shan (East) 90.72
Magway 72.86
Kachin 70.24
Shan (North) 67.36
Bago 64.48
Shan (South) 63.95
Rakhine 61.60
Ayeyarwaddy 61.59
Sagaing 61.59
Union 59.77
Tanintharyi 56.26
Yangon 53.46
Kayin 52.91
Kayah 50.48
Chin 48.19
Mon 42.55
Mandalay 39.24
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
Deaths per 1,000 Live Births
Page 69
Under Five Mortality Rate by State and Division

Shan (East) 118.15
Kachin 117.23
Magway 113.65
Shan (North) 98.45
Tanintharyi 93.63
Bago 80.3
Chin 78.31
Union 77.77
Ayeyarwaddy 74.74
Sagaing 74.11
Kayin 70.54
Rakhine 70.2
Shan (South) 69.77
Kayah 69.71
Yangon 58.32
Mon 53.36
Mandalay 47.36
0 50 100 150
Page 70
Maternal Mortality Ratio by State and Division

Shan (East) 5.27
Shan (North) 5.18
Shan (South) 4.36
Chin 3.61
Rakhine 3.44
Tanintharyi 3.07
Kayah 2.88
Magway 2.86
Union 2.55
Kachin 2.4
Mon 2.13
Kayin 2.12
Mandalay 1.76
Ayeyarwaddy 1.73
Yangon 1.7
Bago 1.58
Sagaing 1.36
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 71
Technical Notes
This publication contains basic health related statistics of the country, also disaggregated
by regions (17 States and Divisions). The disaggregated data cover the key aspects of
health and its determinants. Emphasis has also been paid to focus on health related
Millennium Development Goals. The data have been categorized under five domains,
namely Demography, Health Expenditure, Health Resources, Health Service Utilization
and Morbidity and Mortality. Most of the data are pertaining to the years 2008 and 2009
unless stated otherwise.
Multiple data sources have been used in deriving the information and described along with
each graphic presentation. The readers are advised to keep in mind the data limitations
such as unavailability of data from the private health sector and some under-reporting
from the government health sector when interpretations are attempted.
Every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in the
publication, with an indication of the actual sources. It is still possible that there are a few
errors of commission and omission in the data presented. It is our constant endeavour to
improve quality of data and the readers are encouraged and welcome to provide feedback
on the ways in which the content and the presentation of the information could be further
improved.

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MINISTRYOF FIEALTH

Ministry of Health of the Union of Myanmar is pleased to present this publication,

Professor Dr. Kyaw Myint

2. Health Expenditures ..................................................................................... 16

3. Health Resources ......................................................................................... 24

5. Morbidity and Mortality................................................................................. 36

Estimates of population and it’s structure

Population 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2007-08 2008-09

Percentage of population under five years

Percentage of population 65 years and above

Life Expectancy at Birth

Crude Death Rate and Crude Birth Rate

Population by State and Division

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Population (in thousand)

Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population cited by

Population by State and Division

Population (in Thousand)

Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population cited by

Population Density by State and Division

0 200 400 600 800

Source: Calculated using the data from the following sources:

Population Density by State and Division

Ayeyar Yangon Kayin

Source: Calculated using the data from the following sources:

Annual Population Growth Rate

Source: Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population in

Age Pyramid – 1983 (Census)

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Age Pyramid – 2007

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Percentage of Population Under 5 Years by State and Division

Bago (East) 11.1

Shan (North) 10.7

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Source: Population Department, Ministry of Immigration and Population, 2007

Percentage of Population Under 5 Years by State and Division

Source: Population Department, Ministry of Immigration and Population, 2007

Percentage of Population 65 Years and Above

Bago (West) 6.3

Shan (South) 6.1

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Source: Population Department, Ministry of Immigration and Population, 2007

Percentage of Population 65 Years and Above

Source: Population Department, Ministry of Immigration and Population, 2007

Life Expectancy at Birth, 1988 - 2007

Male (Urban) Female (Urban)

Crude Birth Rate and Death Rate, 1988 – 2007

Trend of Total Health Expenditures

Health Expenditures as percentage of Gross Domestic Product

External Sources on Health as percentage of Total Health Expenditures

External Sources on Health as percentage of Total Health Expenditures was increasing

Trust Fund in Hospitals

Total Health Expenditures in Current Prices

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000

Source: Myanmar National Health Accounts, (1998-2001) (2002-2005) (2006-2007)

Total Health Expenditures by Agents

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00