—aQaldvatalal : Vol 17, No. 1, 1979— Fisher’s Angle >] 34h a= Atats Asie ato a g + A STUDY OF FISHERS ANGLE ‘Yung Soo Kim, D.D.S., M.S.D., Ph.D., M.Se, Dept. of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University > Abstract < ‘This investigation was to analyse normal protrusive and lateral condylar_pantos. raphic records written on the sagittal plane and to study components of Fisher's angle and their interrelations. ‘The purpose of this study was limited to(1) discussing the significance of sagittal pantographic record in diagnosis of occlusal disease and(2) basing for reasoning validity of measuring Fisher's angle which has been reported so far. As a result followings were concluded. 1, In each protrusive and lateral condylar movement path, five complicate factors distributed simple sigmoid type, simple curvature, initial tiny protruding convexity and tiny repeated sigmoid patterns were noted. such as initial straightnes Generally each condylar movement path was composed of two to three of these factors. 2. The distribution of positional interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be divided into five categories; (a) protrusive-upper, (b) completely coinciding, (¢) partially initial coinciding, (4) partially inverted crossing, and () completely inverting, Among these, protrusive path-upper positioned condyles were prevailed (79.2%). 8, The distribution of interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be devided into five categories according to their distances in the course of movement. Among these, opening (95.8%) and paralleling (66.7%) were pre- vailing. 4, The involved number of characteristic heterogenous patterns of five categories in protrusive and lateral condylar movement recording relations at one simult- aneous recordings was limited to three, However, in case of homogeneous pat- terns were repeated, usually three to four were included. -~7-5. The maximum distance between protrusive and lateral condylar paths was 1. 45mm at the location of 4mm advanced position from centric relation point and 3.90mm at the location of protrusive movement terminal. 6. It seemed to be that pantographic records should be consulted other clinical symptoms in order to make certain occlusion diagnosis. 7. At the present moment of investigation, expressing Fisher's angle as a degree revealed a lack due to inherent complexity of protrusive and lateral condylar movement paths. 8 The typical pattern of protrusive and lateral condylar paths written on a pan- tographic sagittal plate might be described as follows; (a) protrusive condylar path should be positioned upwardly, (b) both mainly be simple curvature, (¢) interrelations mainly be opening or paralleling. 9. ‘The mean amounts of separation between protrusive and lateral condylar mov- ement path were 0. 0.46 at 4mm advanced location from centric relation and 1.740. 64mm at the location of protrusive path terminal Hid MH Bf BAYS) ade Ua422 lalate ade He AS UAL deleh. ol sala ato Fe AQ Ai ate de aE sha Ae Beat = added. eh 1s4 add dees ae Ae) Ba ad) aio Use ae aed = 5 ae o) EAS AAMT TELS BA 2 eal tracing +.2.3.0, cineradiography + photography ®» photoel- ectromandibulography > transducer *” cture “. electromyography ‘+ computer *”»teleme- ty *% ultrasonic method! pantography MIG MILINILRALAD Bol Pao) He} 23 a oo 2 7ted Hb Aaa oEy Wace aa Ae o] @ AL pantographic tracing 224 zehad a QUE AG Agel Aa ees ote BF shed Hb BEA dd olga ox ge. 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Siimmary of observations sauner [SPE rosea eionaip| PRs Lacie “Eee PL She by distance sive pathy 4mm | at ptip Nor |#_[tatertdons Geamgnanemng |__ 1-20 | esr] 0.80 LER eerie a0 x] oe vos [2 [fatsatae 8 ion "|. osama 00 | a0 | 20 1 Eee sere esis | 1200 | 125 | 280 wos |S] ition ap | ceeepaines | ee | oe | L_| teeutcene Sas | gesieratitine | 8 | oa | ow vos I eal cond opening 13.10 0.78 8.00 Pee {opening 13.10 1.20 3.0" R | Protrasiveup opening-paralleling 8.50 1.20 1.40 “Fess enema | woz [ose | 086 yoo | & Lieataoer Decl cinpening x00 | oe | ne LESS eet Sng opening sre [ooo [ss wan |_&_| tation wilingopaing | 1090 | ovo | 2 L_ | Reon opening eauetne Yaa [os [00 wou |-2_| fatal cooing? [ues | oes | 26 u_ | Pees? Eflcingorening’® |_ 110 [aa [a naw 2 urine coinciding 9.10 0.00 0.00 Z LSPs? Seng ems [we [a |e new |® icsion perite basen 9.85 0.70 2.00 L_| Protrusiveup opening-paralleling 7.20 1.20 1.40 wow |2_| teeace® Serrowingopesing | 1-60 [0.20 | Lao u | Reet? Shrowieomesae | 188 [kan [18s x | Protrusveun serrowiaeparaliding | 11.95 | 0.75 | 1.20 Nous a ees L | titueigcr: atrowing-parallel ing 9.10 0.50 2,60 MSD of R ]roeett.af 0.580. 4 1.534074 MSD of L [ s.s52.99 o.g21.3q 1.9520.42 MSD of Total 9.90+2.02} 0.75+0.64) 1.7425.53 “* Maximum -12-Fig. 1-1. Pantographic recordings of right and left condyles of the subjects repres- enting protrusive and lateral border movements at each condyle. Each condyle was given its proper number, (Subject numbers : 1, 3.5,6,8,and 9.)Fig. 1-2. Pantographic recordings of right and left condyles of the subjects repre~ senting protrusive and lateral borler movements at each condyle. Each condyle was given its proper number. (Subject numbers: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15)L) MI See) Vey AQ BE she} at Sa) oA esa MA Aadot Yah Ave est. 2 Sal RAS AMS ari AABMAE tebd A127} SF 50%), EAS dU Ese S Hebd 2G 25%), AAS Azle AS AETV convexity F HERE AGHA 93.3%), Tate tal A QAS veld AUIS 45.8%), Ha Ate Sa}) WL VLE eb AG 20.8%)eIch, BE adrhiel AE Fes] Mae at = QA BAA Ue Saelatei (Table 2 Table 2, Distribution of protrusive condylar path into five categories according to the degree of characteristics, Nomenclature of categorized pattern | __ Pattern Ni of Gndyle | eon | Seen Initial straightness ~N | 12(60.0%) Til say proweding | | 8(83.9%) [I-RL, BL, 10-L, 12Ly 12L, IER, Distant | ate TALE oL, IRL it, RL Tiny repeated sigmoid ~n 5(20.8%) |L-RL, 12L, MRL Table & of characteristics Distribution of lateral condylar path into five categories according to the degree Nomenclature of, ‘categorized pattern Proper number of condyle . | TRL, SRL, ERL, SRL, FR, 1-R, Tmivorawe | S| Es ee Initial tiny protruding gy [Sly BRL OR, OR UL, 19, HR, convexity — 9097-569). SL Distributed 29.2%) [eR -L, 12R, 154 rated i gmoid | “~~ | 729.2%) |5-RL, GL, WL, 1AR, RL Tiny ~7N | 2¢ 8.9%) [UL 2b ch) Seat exo] oer ee gab tsd 2 704k Fis Bak GA ashy GSES ge srt AR WHE + ae. AAS 27dGe Ble AGA 33.3%)¢] seer 2B be I Ce 58.9%), AE VALE SARI (PAA 29.2%), ARE Sa} YY (al 8.3%), del arlahe shee Qo 37.5%) 41 ASS. we Feta Wate] HS AS CENT] az ae sh} S88 wel Aa ee arl7} AVS debie 24 SOB yep (Table a Fig 442) 2) dae IFSSLo SUD AS} AFLESE 3 Ae] Yad Seoe Lie) F9F del ve) adas AES a SEW SATIS HPS THE Fl AA] PEF aLAL 2tstel shale she) slalal AS EUG Qa Yo base Aes dae. -15—| Bee Fig 3. Distribution of protrusive condylar path into five categories according to the degree of characteristics. Detailed contents are described in Table 2 and the text, Table 4. Distribution of interrelations of protrux sive and lateral condylar paths into five categories according to the distance in the course of each pantographic condyle recording. “Nomenclatire of categorized pattern | Pattern interrelation i Opening a 23(95.8%) | coving |e | 105.8%) [S| vo Paeateing | | 16(66.7%) 406.7%) Crossing ANAS DAWA SS Bal CoH A 95.8 %), FUMES ASIA Voss a vise 45.8%), AINE RAE BE TEOIRE 83 %). AAAS AS BPW ab (167i a AB Vase AF she] Aad AAT wel j ' Fg 4. Distribution of lateral condylar path into five categories actording to the degree o- characteristicn. Detailed contents are de, eribod in Table 3 and the tet i je Fig. § Distribution of interrelations of prot ~16— rusive and lateral condylar paths into five categories according to the distance in the course of each pantographic condyle recording. 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Ea) Fisher's angle alSeb 14 BACHE Ze Ate Aas PA ote Ae alt +l. a ASP ELA epsia}y ALS Fisher's angle 9 ASE Aaace Soe] HEE adel B+ ay. Aoee pad esse Sh SEE Be bol aalsileh Geb a oli Sah $44 LHS sagittal axis} Yo] rial7) el add diet datas adda as 2S & Al LS + Mel me] BASA| Gels SUI shi, ae, vol wa Eel ake + al So) bE] MAS aes Bola Deh Kornfeld sagittal plane tol -Eelsbpa} Aa FU2T29 DIE SHEE AYEES Lol Vide At As aa As Ase ot es OF FAG Agel lel AS eset She E29 eho] MAT Gy Hal dey los le AP8a Yeo Aad ya Aste ale. RAT ME AVESE Agee Aol AAT APE 79.2% (19M) 2 AEE Asa sD of lat dat ASA Ales dae + lt ASA MACITE BEE PABFEE.2%), 271 ol U4BR Galste ae] vi, ale eases Aol 2ASLE(G.9%) elm Bal ABAE del Aol PISFRA FA et sil] ARE Bela ale} (Table 5, Fig. 8 az). TA ASW Gol AL Ue AAs Aabsl ASel7l He] lal LF} Bz] glenoid fossa 9 ADS NS PSA] lela Fe olep Ade Ae) eHHE ALS ASA 61a horizor natal plates) 7183 pantography ol ¥]aée} a}. Fe AN pantographic record }-2.2 Fisher's angle] 42. Euehe ¢ Qe da £49 sola ASA AL AQt2= Ya ade Slee aaah oad eh ole Gala) Sele) ale Sx} TMI anja dee unde dey ae Bada sl Fo) SA) ayes asia eek seh SIUEE DHT EES FE TM) fossas) 4 Wo], SU Sushy S52 dese) 1S ald &, SMa, dad 8 abd Ufaels ae Bae Sead Uday ae Fa Aad oleh —18—" 4s. 3 i = : be ; j is be :, a oo are eri Fle. 6 The involved nur of characteritic he. FAR. 7 The total involved monte of characteric erogenous patterns of five categories in protrusive and lateral condylar movement recording relations at one simultaneously recorded sagittal writings. 2% 49a Adept TMA 88 o) te ae ova ARLE Sho] Med wad TMS) Aegae oa Vee gets Bh, 24) AER sagittal planed) AE AIT L ES 4} PPLE SLE Head Ettstel ge} p49] WG sale se aden 24 Vay heterogeneous and repeated homogeneous patterns of five categories in protrusive and lateral condylar movement recording relatil ‘ons at one simultaneously recorded sagitta- writings $s ds Ft LESH BAMA Game AGP 2A VANS Heel tole AAS Get w= Qh ©) ABAMP-LA leap’ aay we Aol St de ase aaa. 6] AWS Ite FEAL da aS y ‘Table § Distribution of interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths into five categories according to the upper and lower positional relationship. No, of condyle & per cent Proper number of condyle Protrusive-upper r=_] 19(79.2 ER L, F RL, SRL, 1 10 Completely coinciding | \_ 1 (4.2%) jets Peay tia [| ce [ro Fenielyipered [Ne | a caam foe oe Compleeely inverting —| 1 (4.2%) Je -19-9 lo j a Cy C1 [| C1) 5 a 2s" & a, Fig. 8. Distribution of interrelation of protrusive and lateral condylar paths into five cate- gories according to the upper and lower positional relationship. Detailed contents are described in Table 5 and the text, Amm Adel} Qa aAasisls piped A) As Sa. 2 VRalel eb dm AAlelAe 0.71 0.4612, prtip oA 1.740.644 256] al WE SS MATA Se AL BA SuTE £59 BEA Aol AYALA el ela] Aol UMA ee Se AS Amma Aalst 145mm 1A prtip Aa AA 3. 90mm 2 71% Ho 2 adTtEe 49d + ast ig. 9). ASS a f ashe el ES 24st ADEE LE oe gittal plane Jo} WA pantographie record Aas] Fisher's angle?) TY As Y AWE ae as. 2% AGA FALL sagittal pantographic records} BGG IH Qai7ix) War Fisher's angle al SH Ide Sop AE Ae aT AT Alte 2 Atais des te dee ast. OAVIFEESS PUSTLERIE NAA @, BAIS SAG, LELSY, EEG, FL sa P 9,90mm u L 1.74mm Fig. 9, A:Actual size of a typical pattern obtained from simultaneously recorded on sagittal pantographic writing table. B: Amplified diagram for illustration. WV 572] A adel dais OQ WSFSE VE MASH) 294 ase oF ola ate @ASVESEY F954 AAS oA Fat SF a4, Mga, 21PEGA, a71daa, & Adaade disided 2 Fate 29779.7 sek. OASULESY F409 BAAS DG, MAR, BAY, BOA BAI Sra) Ques AES SLO ALG (05.8%)3t IA (66.7%)0) 7 % teste. @ASY Eat GA st SAA Pel a 449 DEE aes via Etslds, S00. At MASE AF BE S49} B47} Esto} ol = 22 vet © ATPL aa) SAN SFH mm A L4Smm, ALT LEZ ALAA she 8.90mm S12 alate 2 0.0mm $12, © BRAVA pantographic record = le YAS Ash Ya oka A HEY ee we @ Fisher's angle @ 722 2718 AL Qa P5RE Uebloel $¥4 Be aes ude. © pantography of =] 24} sagittal planes) 71 $31 = SdSd9 APES AGI ode se AMIABLE LES BeP Ayal IR, AVLELE FAULTS lp T Sa MAAS ASAAS FE Aol. FAL 9) ANS SANSEH dm BMA 0.75:40.46 me mos AYLES Ada 1.7460, 64mm toh i=References: 2) Bennett, N.G.: A contribution to the study of the movements of the mandible, Proceed- ings of Royal Society of the Medicine Section of Odontology 1: 79-95, 1908. 2) Guichet, N.P.: Occlusion. The Denar corpo- ration, Anaheim, Calif, 1970. ®) Gysi, A.: Beitrag zum Articulations Problem= Berlin, Verlag von August Hirschwald, 1908, 4) Posselt, U.? Physiology of occlusion and reh- abilitation, 2nd ed., Blackwell Scientific Pub- ications, Oxford and Edinburgh, 1969. 5) Berry, ILM. et al: Cineradiographie observa- tions of temporomandibular joint function, J. Prosthet. Dent. 9:21~33, 1959. 6) Chick, A.O.: ‘The rotary nature of some mandibular movements, J. Prosthet, Dent. 10: 897-871, 1960. 7) Gillings, B.R.D.: Photoelastic mandibulogr aphy: A technique for studying jaw moveme- nts, J. Prosthet. Dent. 17: 109-121, 1967. '§) Messerman, T.: A mean for studying mand- ibular movements, J. Prosthet. Dent. 17: 36 43, 1967. ‘9) Rosenblatt, J.: Discussion of "A means for studying mandibular movements”, J. Prosthet. Dent, 17: 44-48, 1967. 40) Hickey, J.C. et al: Mandibular movements in three dimensions, J. Prosthet. Dent. 13:72-79 1063, 11) Preiskel, H.W.: Some observations on the postural position of the mandible, J. Prosthet, Dent. 15: 625-683, 1965. 11) Preiskel, H.W.: Lateral translatory moveme- nts of the mandible: Eritical review of inve, * tigations, 28: 46-57, 1972. 42) Preiskel, H.W. Ultrasonic measurements of movements of the working condyle, J. Pros- thet. Dent. 27: 607 *615, 1972. 12) Bando, et al: Continuous observations of ma- ndibular positions by telemetry, J, Prosthet, Dent. 28: 485-490, 1972. 14) Me Collum, B.B.: Fundamentals involved in prescribing restorative dental remedies, D. Ttems Interest, June, 1939, Feb. 1940. 15) Lucia, V.0.: The fundamentals of oral phy- siology and their practical application in the securing and reproducing of records to be used in restorative dentistry, J. Prosthet. Dent. 3: 213,1953. 16) Isaacson, D.+ A Clinical study of the Bennett movement, J. Prosthet. Dent. 8: 641-619, 1958 12) Stuart, C.E.: Accuracy in measuring funeti- onal dimensions and relations in oral prosth- esis, J. Prosthet. Dent. 9: 220-226, 1959. 18) Aull, A.E.: Condylar determinants of occlusal patterns, J. Prosthet. Dent. 18: 826-845, 1968 19) Huffman, R.W., Regenos, J.W., and Taylor, RR: Principles of occlusion, H&R Press, London Ohio 3rd ed., 1969. 20) Kim, Y.S.+ A study of condylar movement ‘occuring during lateral mandibular movement, A thesis for the Degree of M, Sc., The Ohio State University, 1978. 21) AYR: Bennett Angles] fo) Qe VT, aa AR s]a, asa 7H, 1975, 22) DAF: RYT side shifts) timing ot et T. AGA VASA, AER 13 1978, 23) Shield, J.M. et al: Using pantographic trac ings to detect TMJ and muscle dysfunctions, J. Prosthet. Dent. 39:80-87, 1978, 24) Saadoun, A.P.: L’Ocelusion donnees actulles Revue d’Odontostomatologie. Tome XIX No, 5. 1972. 25) Kornfeld, M.: Mouth rehabilitation, 2nd ed., Volume two, Mosby, 1974. 26) Kornfeld, M.: Mouth rehabilitation, Ist ed., Volume two, Mosby, 1967 —21-