UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND
ACCOUNTANCY
ISLAMIC STUDIES (IIPG)

Name: Omer Ishaq

STUDENT ID: S2020358002
SECTION: QCA.
TIME: 9am to 1pm
DATE: 17TH JULY.2020.

Question1: How many Sources Of Islamic Law write their

names and explain in details?
Sources of Islamic Law
The main sources of Islamic Law is Qur’an, Sunnah, Qiya and Ijma
1. Qur’an
The Arabic word Qur’an is derived from the root ‘Qara’a’, which means “to
read” or “to recite”. Qur’an is the holy book of Islam. Muslims believe that
Qur’an is the final revelation of Allah, that is the literal word of God, revealed
to the Prophet Muhammad.The Qur’an was written and preserved during the
life of Muhammad and compiled soon after his death.the Qur’an consist of
114 surahs with over 6000 ayat,(verses). However the exact number of ayat is
disputed due to different method of counting.
The Qur’an is first and most important source of Islamic law. The scripture
specifies the moral,philosophical, social,political and economic basis on which
a society should be constructed.
Muslim jurists agree that the Qur’an in its entirety is not a legal code; rather
its purpose is to lay down a way of life which regulates man’s relationship with
others and God. The verses of the Qur’an are categorized into three fields:
“science of speculative theology”, “ethical principles” and “rules of human
conduct”. The third category is directly concerned with Islamic legal matters
which contains about five hundred verses or one thirteenth of it. The task of
interpreting the Qur’an has led to various opinions and judgments.
The most important external aid used in interpreting the meanings of the
Qur’an is the Hadith – the collection of Islamic traditions from which the
details of early Islamic history are derived.Belief in the Qur’an direct,
uncorrupted divine origin is fundamental to Islam; this of course entails
believing that the Qur’an has neither errors nor inconsistencies. (“This is the
book in which there is no doubt, a guide to the believers”: Surat al-Baqarah,
verse 2.) 

2. Sunnah
The Sunnah is the second source of Islamic law. Sunnah is an Arabic word
which means “Method”. It was applied by the Prophet Muhammad as a legal
term to represent what he said, did and agreed to. Its authority is derived from
the text of the Qur’an. The Qur’an says,

“For you the life of the Prophet is a model of behaviour” (Al-Qur’an 33:21)

The sunnah of the Prophet generally means “tradition” and includes the
following three categories: sayings of the Prophet; his deeds; and his silent or
tacit approval of certain acts which he had knowledge of. The record of the
Prophet’s words and deeds were recorded in narrative hadith, reports that
were transmitted before finally being compiled in authoritative collections
decades after the death of the Prophet.
The Qur’an and Sunnah are complementary. The meaning of the Qur’an is
general in nature, the Sunnah makes it specific and particular. The Sunnah
explains the instructions of the Qur’an. The Qur’an injunction is sometimes
implicit, the Sunnah makes it explicit by providing essential ingredients and
details.
“Ijma and Qiyas derive their value or authority from the Qur’an and the
Sunnah.” Therefore, they are called dependent sources.
3. Ijma
The third source of law, Ijma or the consensus of scholars signifies the
importance of delegated legislation to the Muslim community. The Muslim
society requires such a rule making power to meet the practical problems for
the implementation of Islamic Shariah (Islamic Law). Ijma has been technically
defined as the consensus of the jurists of a certain period over a religious
matter. Ijma is considered a sufficient evidence for action because the Prophet
if Islam said, “Muslim will never agree on a wrong matter.” As such the
agreement of the scholars of Islam on any religious matter is a source of law
in Islam .
4. Qiyas or Analogy
Qiyas is a kind of Ijtihad. The Prophet has permitted Ijtihad which literally
means ‘to exert’. Technically it means to exert with a view to form an
independent judgement on a legal issue. Ijtihad is the Islamic method of
facing the new situations and problems in the light of the general principles of
the book of Allah SWT), the Qur’an and the traditions of the Prophet or the
Sunnah.
Apart from Qiyas, there are other methods of Ijtihad such as Istihsan (that is
the juristic preference from different interpretations) and Masalaha (that is
moral consideration).

In addition to the above sources, the practices of the Khulafa-e-Rashidun (the

first four rulers of Islam), the decisions of the judges and the customs of the
people are also considered sources of Islamic law in matters which are not
spelled out in the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

Qiyas, is the fourth important source of Islamic law, is reasoning by analogy. In

order to apply Qiyas to similar cases, the reason or cause of the Islamic rule
must be clear. For example, because the Qur’an clearly explains the reason
that consumption of alcohol is prohibited (because it makes the user lose
control of his actions), an analogy can be drawn to drugs which induce the
same affect. But because the Qur’an does not specifically state the reason why
pork is prohibited, Muslims cannot justify banning another meat product with
a similar cholesterol level, etc.

Question 2: Describe the impact of IHSAAN and ISLAAM

on our life in the light of Hdith Jibrael?
Ans2:
Islam is a Deen. An Obligation or Trust which must be fulfilled. The word
‘Islam’ means submission, surrender. Hadith of jibreal is also known as Umm-
us-Sunnah.
• Islam through the Hadith of Jibrael Included In: Sahih Bukhari, Sahih
Muslim, Musnad Imam Ahmad, Jami‘ Tirmidhi, Sahih al-Hakim,
Arba‘een Imam Nawawi
• And the hadith of jibrael is Narrated by: Umar Ibn Khattab, Abu
Hurairah, Abdullah Ibn Umar, Abdullah Ibn Abbas.
• Hadith of Jibrael: First Question which is Narrated by Abu Hurairah
 One day while the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was sitting in the company of some
people, (The angel) Jibrael came and asked, "What is faith?" Allah's
Messenger‫ ﷺ‬replied, 'Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the)
meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection."
 Second Question
o Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's Messenger‫ﷺ‬
replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none else, to offer prayers
perfectly to pay the compulsory charity (Zakat) and to observe
fasts during the month of Ramadan.
 Third Question
o Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's
Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if
 you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you must
consider that He is looking at you."
 The Last Question
o Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be established?"
Allah's Messenger‫ ﷺ‬replied, "The answerer has no better
knowledge than the questioner. But I will inform you about its
portents.
o When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
o When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and
competing with others in the construction of higher buildings.
And the Hour is one of five things which nobody knows except
Allah.

• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬then recited:

ِ ‫هللا ِع ْن َد ُه ِع ْل ُم السَّاعَ ة‬
َ َّ‫ِإن‬
"Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour." [Surah
Luqman :34]
Then that man (Jibrael) left and the Prophet‫ ﷺ‬asked his
companions to call him back, but they could not see him. Then the
Prophet‫ ﷺ‬said, "That was Jibrael who came to teach the people
their religion.

The meaning of Ihsan is feelings and inner attributes, the roots

letter of ihsan is refers to the beauty.
– Ihsan also means noble feelings it also include Adorning oneself
with noble inner attributes like: Love for Allah (S.W.T) and His
Prophet (S.A.W), Sincerity, Humility, Modesty, Gratitude, Patience
and Leaving evil inner attributes like: Arrogance, Ingratitude,
Immodesty.
That definition comes from the Hadith of Gabriel in
which Muhammad states, "Ihsan is to worship God as though you
see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you". (Al-
Bukhari and Al-Muslim)
Four type of ihsan in the light of hadith jibrael that are Ilm al-Ihsan,
Ilm al-Tasawwuf, Ilm al-Tazkiyya, Ilm al-Akhlaq, Islamic Spirituality.

Ilm-e-Tasawwuf

1. Our knowledge (Tasawwuf and Sulook ) is strengthened by the Quran and

the Sunnah. The person who does not remember the Quran, copy the Hadith,
and study the Fiqh does not deserve to be followed.
2. Our knowledge, i.e. the knowledge of Tasawwuf has a deep link with the
Hadith of the Holy Prophet
3. Our outward and inward knowledge and actions are supported by the
words and actions of the Holy Prophet.
Ilm al-Tazkiyya
Tazkiah (Arabic: ‫ )تزكية‬is an Arabic-Islamic term alluding to "tazkiyah al-nafs"
meaning "sanctification" or "purification of the self". This refers to the process
of transforming the nafs (carnal self or desires) from its deplorable state of
self-centrality through various spiritual stages towards the level of purity and
submission to the Will of Allah. Its basis is in learning the shari'ah and deeds
from the known authentic sunnah and applying it in your own deeds through
life resulting in spiritual awareness of Allah (being constantly aware that He is
with us by His knowledge and knows all that we do, along with being in
constant remembrance or dhikr of Him in your thoughts and actions) being
the highest level of Ihsan. The person who purifies himself/herself is called
a Zaki (Arabic: ّ‫)زكي‬.
Tazkiah, along with the related concepts of tarbiyah – self-development
and talim – training and education, does not limit itself to the conscious
learning process: it is rather the task of giving form to the act of righteous
living itself: treating every moment of life with remembering one's position in
front of Allah .
The word tazkiah is also found in a few hadith, with also of a meaning as
purify and santify.
It was narrated from Abu Dharr that the Prophet said: "There are three to
whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection, or look at them, or
sanctify them, and theirs will be a painful torment." The Messenger of Allah ‫ﷺ‬
repeated and Abu Dharr said: "May they be lost and doomed." He said: "The
one who lets his garment hang beneath his ankles, a vendor who tries to sell
his product by means of false oaths, and the one who reminds people of what
he has given them.
Ilm al-Akhlaq
The level of human perfection is determined by discipline and effort. Man
stands between two extremes, the lowest is below beasts and the highest
surpasses even the angels. The movement between these extremes is
discussed in `ilm al-akhlaq or the science of ethics.
Traditional Muslim philosophers believed that without ethics and purification
(tazkiyah), mastery over other sciences is not only devoid of value, but would
obstruct insight. That is why it has been said that, `knowledge is the thickest of
veils', which prevents man from seeing reality (haqiqah).
By improving their akhlaq, the Muslims improve their Ibadah.