NAME : MICHELLE MEZA R

ID NUMBER :C22147350E

CUES108 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

1. DESCRIBE TWO PROPERTIES OF WATER THAT ARE OF BENEFIT TO LIVING ORGANISMS,

STATE THE BENEFITS.
Surface tension as a property of water, cohesion allows water to pull together and form
droplets or form an interface between it and other surfaces which is beneficial to animals to
skate on water for example water strides, fisher spiders. The critters are small enough that
their weight can be supported by surface tension.

High heat capacity as a property of water allows organisms for example fish to survive
without experiencing wide temperature fluctuation. Furthermore, because many organisms
are mainly composed of water, the property of high heat capacity allows highly regulated
internal body temperatures.

2. NAME THREE ACIDS THAT ARE FOUND IN THE ATMOSPHERE.

 Nitric acid.
 Sulphuric acids.
 Carbonic acids.
3. DESCRIBE HOW EACH OF THE ACIDS YOU MENTIONED IN 2 IS FORMED IN THE
ATMOSPHERE.
 Nitric acid(HNO3)
It includes emissions which releases nitrogen dioxide such as car exhausts the NO 2 to
react with water and the oxygen which is the atmosphere and forms Nitric Acid.
3NO2 + H2O 2NHO2 + NO
 Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
The burning of fossil fuels like coal, impure coal releases sulphuric dioxide into the
atmosphere. These emissions are transported by air and water and they react with
water , oxygen, to form sulphuric acid which often falls Sulphuric acid which then
falls as acid rain.

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SO 2 + H20 + O2 H2SO4bona
2
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Carbon dioxide emissions release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and it the
reacts with water to form Carbonic acid.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
4. FOR THE FOLLOWING GASES ,STATE THE MOST SOLUBLE AND EXPLAIN WHY.
 NITROGEN (0.00065),OXYGEN (0.0013),CARBON MONOXIDE(0.00098)
Carbon monoxide (0.00098) is the most soluble in the water because it has lone pair
of electrons. It has the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water since it is highly
electro-negative element. it is also polarised.

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 b) Ammonia (5.3) sulphur dioxide (1.2) and ozone (0.013)

Ammonia is more soluble in water because of the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water. It has
lone pair of electrons to react with water. It has a high electro negative element. It is polar in nature.

5. FOR THE FOLLOWING CALCULATE THE MOLECULAR MASS AND GIVE THE TYPE OF BONDING
a) Calcium bicarbonate Mr of calcium bicarbonate molecular formula Ca(HCO3) 2
Molecular mass of Ca is 40
Molecular mass of H is 2
Molar mass of C is 24
Molar mass of O is 96
Total molar mass = (40+2+24+96) = 162g/mol
CACO3 has an ionic bonding between Calcium ion CA 2+ and polyatomic ion (CO2-3) but
within the carbonate ion(CO32-), the carbon and oxygen atoms are connected by
covalent bonding.

b) MR of Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3
N 14.007*2=28.014
H 1.008*4=4.032
O 15.999*3=47.997
Total molar mass =28.014+4.032+47.997=80.043g/mol.
Ammonium nitrate has the chemical formular NH 4NO3, in this formula the ammonium
(NH4+) ion and nitrate (NO3-) ion are bonded together by an ionic bond.

c) Mr mass of Ethanol
C 12*2=24
H 1*6=6
O 1*16=16
Total molar mass =(24+6+16)=46g/mol.
Ethanol has two different types of bonding between its constituent atoms. The bonds
between the hydron ad atoms are no-polar covalent bonds. The O-H bond and C-O
bonds are polar covalent bonds.

6. CALCULATE THE MOLE FRACTION OF WATER IN A SOLUTION OF 20g OF NACI DISSOLVED IN

200g OF WATER.

200 g
Mol of H2O=
18 g /mol

= 11.11mol

20 g
Mol of NACI=
28 g /mol

=0.71mol.
Total number of mol =(11.11 +0.71)mol

2
 =11.82mol.

11.11mol
Mole fraction = *100% = 93.99%.
11.82mol
7. NAME THE CHEMICAL THAT CAN BE USED TO PRECIPITATE THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS.

a) Barium ion ----Sodium oxalate

b) Cyanide ion ----Silver Nitrate.
c) Cadmium ion ----Aqueous ammonia.