#to accept a string split it into small batches

a=input('enter the value of string ')

l=int(input('enter the size of the batch '))

k=''

for i in range(len(a)):

if a[i:i+l] not in k:

k=k+a[i:i+l]

print(a[i:i+l])

#To accept a string and split them into batches

#To accept a string and split them into batches

n=input('enter the value of n ')

b=int(input('enter the batch size '))

c=len(n)

for i in range(0,c,b):

print(n[i:i+b])
#To accept a string split them into batches without same letter combinations

n=input('enter the value of n ')#iglobal

b=int(input('enter the value of b '))#2

for i in range(len(n)):#0,1,2,3,4,5,6

c=n[i:i+b]#n[0:0+2]->ig,n[1:1+2]->gl,n[6:8]-l

if len(c)==b:

if(n[i]!=n[i+1]):

print(c)

else:

print(c)
#For accepting the input for UID and password and display a message using
while loop

while True:

UID=input('enter the value of user ID')

if(UID=='iglobal'):

while True:

pwd=int(input('enter the value of password '))

if(pwd==123):

print('Good Morning')

break
 else:

continue

break

else:

continue

# Fibonacci series:

... # the sum of two elements defines the next

a, b = 0, 1

print(a)

while b < 10:

print(b, end=',')

a, b = b, a+b
 Python Functions
A function is like a mini-program within a program.

❖ Previously discussed print(), input(), and len() functions in which Python

provides several built in functionalities.
❖ A major purpose of functions is to group code that gets executed
multiple times
❖ Without a function defined, you would have to copy and paste this code
each time
❖ Want to avoid duplicating code, have to remember to change the code
everywhere you copied it
❖ A parameter is a variable that an argument is stored in, when a function
is called.
 ❖ Value stored in a parameter is forgotten when the function returns
❖ similar to how a program’s variables are forgotten when the
program terminates.

Return Values and return Statements

When creating a function using the def statement, you can specify what the
return value should be with a return statement. A return statement consists of
the following:

● The return keyword

● The value or expression that the function should return

#sample program for user defined functions

def f1():

print(' Welcome to')

print(' Ameerpet ')

print(' Hyderbad ')

print('---------')

f1()

f1()
#Passing a Parameter to a function

def f1(n):

print(n+' Welcome to')

print(' Ameerpet ')

print(' Hyderbad ')

print('---------')

f1(name)

f1(name)

#Calculating the PF for an employee based on age and returning values

def pf(age):

if(age>15 and age<30):

b=float(input('enter the basic salary '))

pf=0.1*b

return pf

elif(age>30 and age<=60):

b=float(input('enter the basic salary '))

pf=0.15*b

return pf
 else:

print('retired people are not paid pf ')

age=int(input('enter the age of the employee '))

k=pf(age)

if(k!=None):

print('the pf of the employee is',k)

#Print factorial of a number until user press zero

def fact(n):

p =1

for i in range(1,n+1):

p=p*i

return p

while True:

n = int(input('Enter value for n '))

if( n == 0):

break

else:

print(' Factorial of ', n , ' = ', fact(n))

#Program returns a QUARTER string depending

#on what MONTH is passed as an argument

#IF given error input ask for correct month

def quarter(n):

if(n=='jan' or n=='feb' or n=='mar'):

print('quarter 1')

elif(n=='apr' or n=='may' or n=='jun'):

 print('quarter 2')

elif(n=='july' or n=='aug' or n=='sep'):

print('quarter 3')

elif(n=='oct' or n=='nov' or n=='dec'):

print('quarter 4')

else:

print('wrong input')

n=input('enter the value of n ')

quarter(n)
Collection Data Types:

The List Data Type

❖ A list is a value that contains multiple values in an ordered sequence.
❖ A list value looks like this: ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant', 123,
‘456’]. Just as string values are typed with quote characters to mark
where the string begins and ends.
❖ A list begins with an opening square bracket and ends with a closing square
bracket, [ ]. Values inside the list are also called items. Items are separated
by commas (that is, they are comma-delimited).
❖ The value [] is an empty list that contains no values, as the empty string.

Negative Indexes
❖ While indexes start at 0 and go up, you can also use negative integers for the
index.
❖ The integer value -1 refers to the last index in a list, the value -2 refers to
the second-to-last index in a list, and so on
>>> ls=['iglobal',123,'sai','venkat']
>>> ls
['iglobal', 123, 'sai', 'venkat']
>>> ls[0]
'iglobal'
>>> ls[5]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
ls[5]
IndexError: list index out of range
>>> ls[-1]
'venkat'
>>> ls[-1:-5]
[]
>>> ls[-1:-3]
[]
>>> ls[-3:-1]
[123, 'sai']
>>> ls[:3]
['iglobal', 123, 'sai']
>>> ls[2:]
['sai', 'venkat']
>>> ls=['sri',[1,2,3],156,'venkat','mani']
>>> ls[1]
[1, 2, 3]
\
>>> ls[1][2]
3
>>> ls[0][2]
'i'
>>> ls.index('venkat')
3
>>> ls.index('v')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#15>", line 1, in <module>
ls.index('v')
ValueError: 'v' is not in list
>>> ls[1].index(2)
1
ls[1][1][2] (sub of sub lists)

Length with len()

>>> len(ls)

5
>>> ls.index(123)

>>> len(ls[2])

>>> ls

[12, 'sai', 'sri', 45.6]

***to slice 5.6 from 45.6 use

>>>float(str(ls[3])[1:])

>>> import sys

>>> sys.getsizeof(ls) # to find the size of given data type

56

*****Maximum size of a list in python is 536,870,912 elements

Changing values in list:

>>> ls

['sri', 123, [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls[1]='venkat'

>>> ls

['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls[1]+'hi'

'venkathi'

>>> ls

['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls[1]=ls[1]+'hi'

>>> ls

['sri', 'venkathi', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

List Concatenation and List Replication

>>> ls1=['india','china']

>>> ls1+ls #Concatenation

['india', 'china', 'sri', 'venkathi', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls1*10

['india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india',
'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china']

Removing Values from Lists with remove()

❖ The remove() method is passed the value to be removed from the list it is
called on.

❖ If the value appears multiple times in the list, only the first instance of the
value will be removed

>>> ls

['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls.remove('sri')

>>> ls

['venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls.remove(ls[0])

>>> ls
[[1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls=[1,2,3,4,4,4,4]

>>> ls.remove(4)

>>> ls

[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4]

>>> newls

['india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india',
'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china']

>>> newls.remove('india')

>>> newls

['china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china',
'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china', 'india', 'china']

Deleting values in a list

❖ The del statement will delete values at an index in a list.

❖ All of the values in the list after the deleted value will be moved up one
index.

ls=[[1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> del ls[1:]

>>> ls

[[1, 'iglobal', 3]]

Adding values to the List

Append Method

>>> ls=['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

>>> ls.append('yamuna')

>>> ls

['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23, 'yamuna']

Insert Method

ls
['sri', 'venkat', 'manjeet', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23, 'yamuna']
>>> ls.insert(2,ls[3:5])
>>> ls
['sri', 'venkat', [[1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123'], 'manjeet', [1, 'iglobal', 3],
'sai123', 56.23, 'yamuna']
The in and not in Operators
>>> 'python' in ['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

False

>>> 'python' not in ['sri', 'venkat', [1, 'iglobal', 3], 'sai123', 56.23]

True

Use of for loop in list