Primary test

incorporation test

1. in times of war U N a t Re s
E D
Control Test 2. foreign equity restrictions Mass Media

Public
Utility

R A T I O N T EST FIA - when considered PH national 1. PH laws - 60%

N C O RPO doing business
OF I   2. Abroad but
A C E owned 100% fi lipino
PL
election
entitled to vote in
C. NATIONALITY 60
-40 Basis
requ outstanding shares
irement

Beneficial owner
ship Test
TE
ST 
T
DE
O

ER
T

M
IN
E FIL
IPI O L TE S T
NO T R
EQU C ON citizenship of contrlling i
ITY R 
EQ 1. foreign
funds ALL

plication
factors indicating ap 2. Foreign - ALL tech support
AN
RG

DFA apply when 6

0/40 doubt  3. Fore
THER 
ign - manage
RULE efi cial ownership"
" b en
 "doubt"
"control"
