The Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense with “be” or also know as “verb to be”:

AM / ARE / IS

Positive form Pronoun + verb to be + complement

I am Contraction or short form to use it. Add

an apostrophe:
You are I'm

You're
He He's
She is
It Example:

I am Italian. / I’m Italian.
We She is angry. / She’s angry.
You are They are hungry. / They’re hungry
They

Negative form Add to the verb to be a “not

I am not / I'm not Pronoun + verb to be + complement

negative
You are not / aren't
She is not / isn't Example:
We are not/ aren't I am not Italian. / You aren't Italian.
Present simple tense with other verbs

Pronoun + verb + complement

Use a pronoun and verbs in their normal forma, and make the present
simple in the same way.

NOTE: When you use the positive form, the verb

should go with an extra 's' if the subject is
'he', 'she', or 'it'.
Example: He plays / She plays

He With a few verbs, there is a spelling change

She before the 's'.
Example, 'study' = 'studies'
It
Also few verbs which are irregular in the
present simple:
a) have' = 'has' (she has)
b) 'do' = 'does' (he does)
c) 'go' = 'goes' (it goes)

Positive form Negative form

For the negative form, you need to use 'do

I read a book.
not' (don't) or ' does not' (doesn't).
You watch a serie.

I don't read a book.

He cooks dinner.
You don't watch a serie.
She plays tennis.
He doesn't cook dinner.
They sleep well.
She doesn't play tennis.

They don't sleep well.

 Yes/ No Questions. verb to be + Pronoun + complement

Positive form Negative form

Am I? Is it? Am not I?

Are you? Are we? Are not you?

Is She? Are you? Isn't She?

Is he? Are they? Aren't they?

Example:

Am I next in the waiting list? Yes, you are.

Are you from Texas? No, I am not.

Is she the secretary? Yes, she is.

We use 'do' or 'does' before the subject:

Example:

Do I play? Yes I do.

Do you like chocolate? No, I don't.

Does he run? No, he doesn't

WH Questions

wh Q. + verb to be + Pronoun wh Q. + do /does + Pronoun

+ complement + verb + complement
Where Example: Example:
What Where am I? Where do I sleep?
Why What is he sad? What does he read?

Who Why is it red? Why does it sound?

When Who are you? Who do you talk to?

How How are they? How do they drive?

 Present Continuous Tense
verb to be
verbs with -ing.
With the present continuous, also called present progressive, we use

present form using the plus

Pronoun + verb to be + verb -ing + complement

Grammar rules
When a verb ends in a silent e, we drop the e and add -ing. Example:

Make = Making
For verbs with one syllable and ending in a vowel and a consonant (e.g.,
run, stop, hit), double the final consonant and add -ing. Example: Run

= Running
For verbs ending in w, y, or, x, we only add -ing. Examples: Fix = Fixing

For verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant with stress on the final

syllable(e.g., refer, forget, happen), we double the consonant and add

-ing. Examples: Refer = Referring

For verbs ending in -ie, drop the -ie and add -ing. Examples: lie = lying

For verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe, do not remove the final -e when

adding -ing. Example: free = freeing

For Verbs ending in consonant + vowel + L, it is doubled. Examples:

Travel = Travelling
For verbs ending in -c , we add a -k + -ing. Examples: Mimic =

mimicking

Negative form
Positive form
I am not reading a book.
I am reading a book.
You aren't watching a serie.
You are watching a serie.
He isn't cooking dinner.
He is cooking dinner.
 Yes/ No Questions.

Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question with 'be' in the
present simple, here we also put 'am', 'is', or 'are' before the subject to make a 'yes /
no' question:

verb to be + Pronoun + verb -ing + complement

Example:
am I eating ice cream? Yes, you are.
are you studying math? No, I am not.
Is she running a race? Yes, she is.

WH Questions wh Q. + verb to be + Pronoun + complement

Where Example:
What Where am I screaming?
Why What is she doing?
Who Why is it raining?
When Who are you working?
How How are they meeting?
 Present Perfect Tense

With the present perfect tense we use have or has plus the verb in its

past participle form, regular or irregular form.

Pronoun + have / has + verb in past + complement

participle

Positive form Negative form

I have read a book. I have not read a book.

You have watched a serie. You have not watched a serie.

He has cooked dinner. He has not cooked dinner.

She has played tennis. She has not played tennis.

They have slept well. They have not slept well.

Contraction form: Contraction form:

You've watched TV. You haven't watched TV.

She's walked home. She hasn't walked home.

Questions
yes/no Q.: wh Q.
have/has + Pronoun + verb p.p + Wh Q. + have/has + Pronoun
complement + verb + complement
Example:
Example:

Where have I slept?

Have I missed the train?

What has he read?

Has he worked hard?

Why has it ran?

Have they studied math?

Who have you talked to?

How have they drove?

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
With the present perfect

continuous, we use present form using the

present perfect of be (have been) plus verbs with -ing.

Pronoun + have been/has been + verb -ing + complement

Positive form Negative form

I have been reading a book. I have not been reading a book.

You have been watching a You have not been watching a

serie. serie.

He has been cooking dinner. He has not been cooking dinner.

She has been playing tennis. She has not been playing tennis.

They have been sleeping well. They have not been sleeping well.

Contraction form: Contraction form:

You've been watching TV. You haven't been watching TV.

She's been walking home. She hasn't been walking home.

Questions
yes/no Q.: wh Q.
have/has + Pronoun + been Wh Q. + have/has + Pronoun
+ verb -ing + complement +been + verb + complement
Example:
Example:

Where have I been running?

Have I been reading?

What has he been reading?

Has he been working?

Why has it been barking?

Have they been studying?

Who have you been talking?

How have they been driving?