https://www.slideshare.

net/TrangLe630408/equivalence-in-translationfinal

From the definition of translation that “Translation is a process of conveying the

message from one language (source language – SL) to another language (target
language – TL)”, it is obvious that translators should find a suitable equivalence for a
word or an expression when translating.

According to Cambridge dictionary, equivalence means

In translation, equivalence is the central problem. It is that of…And…

And..there are some different viewpoints…

According to…,
While Snell-Horby, Gentzler agree that…
The last one, Mona Baker has another viewpoint, she thinks that…

Also, There are a lot of classifications of equivalence in translation. In this

presentation, I would like to focus on the theory of…
Kade’s quantitative includes…
And Meaning-based equivalence of Koller has…

At first, let’s focus on Kade’s…

The first type is…for example, tha dieu is translated as…

Stylistic equivalence It can be understood in an easy way that with this type of
equivalence, the translator would use a different word/phrase (different in form and
meaning) to re-express the source language text without changing the function (or the
deep message) of the source language text. Therefore, it requires a further stage in
considering the question of meaning and translation. Moreover, due to it features,
stylistic equivalence is mostly used in translating metaphors and idioms. In order to
illustrate for the type of equivalence, some examples of idioms and metaphors are
given.
Pragmatic/ Dynamic equivalence argues “the relationship between the receptor and
message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original
receptors and the message”. Dynamic equivalence, thereby, “allows the translator to
make ‘formal adjustments’ and to change the way of expression to meet the receptor’s
linguistic needs and cultural expression”. The translation using dynamic equivalence
would seek ‘the closest natural equivalence to the SL message’ by using words or
expressions adapting the source text lexicon, source text structure and source text
culture, in order that there is little or no trace of ‘foreign associations’ from the source
text setting imported to target text language.

Formal equivalence “focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and
content”. That means when doing translation, the translator should be concerned with
such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to
concept. This type of translation allows the reader to understand as much of SL
context as possible, which the author calls ‘a gloss translation’. In this type of
translation, the message in the target language should match the different elements in
the source language as closely as possible.