3/5/2013 ASTM A159 - Standard Specification for…

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 AST M A159 - Standar d Sp ec ifi cati on for Au to mo tive Gray Ir on Ca st in gs Main Casting Products

This specification applies to gray iron castings, c ast in sand molds, used in the produc ts of the Stove Burner 
automobile, truck, t racto r, and allied indust ries. Cast Iron Plate
Manhole Cover Casting
The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Brake Drum
Warping Head Casting
Table 1 Grades of gray iron
Ductile Iron Belt Pulley

Grade Casting hardness range Description Cast Iron Flywheel

G1800 HB 187 max ferritic-pearlitic Boiler Ash Door 

4.4 BID min or as a greed Cast Iron St ove Grate

G2500 HB 170-229 pearlitic-ferritic Tractor Gearbox

4.6-4.0 BID or as agree d Pump Body

Cast Iron Brackets
G3000 HB 187-241 pearlitic
Cast Iron Weight
4.4-3.9 BID or as agree d
Gear Casting
G3500 HB 207-255 pearlitic
Large Cast Steel Bracket
4.2-3.8 BID or as agree d
Cast Iron Drainage Pipe
G4000 HB 217-269 pearlitic
Flange Castings
4.1-3.7 BID or as agree d
Cast Iron Pipe Fittings
Table 1.1 Typical chemical compositions of gray cast iron, % Burner Grates for Gas Stove
Grey Iron Counter Weight
Grade Carbon Silicon Manganese Sulfur, Phosphorus, Approximate carbon
Cast Iron Axle Support
max max equivalent
Cast Iron Blocks
G1800 3.40-3.70 2.30-2.80 0.50-0.80 0.15 0.25 4.25-4.5
Gas Burner 
G2500 3.20-3.50 2.00-2.40 0.60-0.90 0.15 0.20 4.0-4.25
Cast Iron Truck Castings
G3000 3.10-3.40 1.90-2.30 0.60-0.90 0.15 0.15 3.9-4.15
Cast Iron Tractor Parts
G3500 3.00-3.30 1.80-2.20 0.60-0.90 0.15 0.12 3.7-3.9
Cast Iron Stove Parts
G4000 3.00-3.30 1.80-2.10 0.70-1.00 0.15 0.10 3.7-3.9
Pump Shell and Valve Body
Cast Iron Umbrella Base
Table 1.2 Mec hanical properties for design purposes
Cast Iron Pan, Cookware
Grade Hardness Tensile Transverse, Deflection, min, Boiler Soot Collector 
range strength, min strength, in, (mm)

psi(kgf/mm) min, lb(kg)

G1800 HB 143-187 18 000(14) 1720(780) 0.14(3.6)

5.0-4.4 BID

G2500 HB 170-229 25 000(17.5) 2000(910) 0.17(4.3)

4.6-4.0 BID

G3000 HB 187-241 30 000(21) 2200(1000) 0.20(5.1)

4.4-3.9 BID

G3500 HB 207-255 35 000(24.5) 2450(1090) 0.24(6.1)

4.2-3.8 BID

G4000 HB 217-269 40 000(28) 2600(1180) 0.27(6.9)

4.1-3.7 BID

1.3 Application of gray iron in automotive castings (see Table 1.5)

1.4 The graphite flakes in gray iron give this metal many desirable properties. These include excellent
machine ability, high thermal conductivity, vibration dampening properties, and resistance to wear or
scuffing. Due to its low freezing temperature for a ferrous alloy, high fluidity, and low shrinkage
properties it is more readily cas t in complex shapes t han other fe rrous metals.

Table 1.5 Typical applications of gray iron for automotive castings

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3/5/2013 ASTM A159 - Standard Specification for…

Grade General data

G1800 Miscellaneous soft iron castings (as cast or annealed) in which

strength is not of primary consideration. Exhaust manifolds may be

made of this grade of iron, alloyed or unalloyed. These may be

annealed castings for exhaust manifolds in order to avoid growth

and cracking due to heat.

G2500 Small cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, air cooled cylinders, pistons,

clutch plates, oil pump bodies, transmission cases, gear boxes,

clutch housings, a nd light-duty brake d rums.

G3000 Automobile and diesel cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, flywheels,

differential carries castings, pistons , medium-duty brake drums,

and clutch plates.

G3500 Diesel engine blocks, truck and tractor cylinder blocks and heads,

heavy flywhee ls, tractor transmission cases , and hea vy gea r

boxes.

G4000 Diesel engine castings, liners, cylinders, and pistons.

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