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Steel Structures
Volume - II: Self Practice Questions (Work Book)

GATE - Civil Engineering

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Materials and Specifications

Riveted and Bolted Connections

Welded Connections

Eccentric Connections

Tension Members

Compression Members

Column Bases and Column Splices

Plate Girders

Gantry Girders

RoofTrusses
 M aterials qnd Sp ecifications

08. A rolled I - section provides

LEVET -l OUESTIONS
(a) large moment of inertia about z-z axis
with less cross-sectional area
01. The structural steel (Standard qualil.y shall (b) large moment of resistance as compared
conform to) to other sections
(a)IS 226 (b) IS uoo (c) greater lateral stability
(c) IS 1977 (d) IS 20(12 (d) all the above

02. The percentage of carbon in standard 09. Which of the following methods
design of
structural steel is would be suitable for metal structures
(a) 0-23 % (b) 0.(r 'Zr sr"rbiected to stress reversals and impact?
(2,
(c) 0.s % (d) 1.5 l. Simple working stress clcsign
2. Rigid-plastic design
03. The ratio of young's modulus to rigidity 3. Semi-rigid design
modulus of standard structural steel is 4. Elastic-rigid design
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.6 (c) 3.s (d) 5 Select the correct answer usins the codes
given below:
04. The percentage elongation of mild steels of (a) 1,2 and4 (b) 1,3 and4
rolled shapes is about (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 2,3 and4
(a) 23 (b) 20 (c) 8 (d) 4
10. How are the most commonly produced and
05. The section which has more lateral buckling used sffuctural elements in frames,
strength compared to its counter part sections floor beams, etc. with high moment of inertia
of the same depth is about x-axis, are designated?
(a) ISWB (b) rsHB (a) ISWB-section (b) ISLB-section
(c) ISMB (d) rsJB (c) ISMB-section (d) ISHB-section

06. Junction between the flange and web of a I l. Which of the following is not limit state of
beam is known as serviceability?
(a) lap joint (b) butt.ioint (a) Deflection (b) Vibration
(c) fillet (d) shear.joint Fracture
(c) Brittle (d) Fire

07. As per IS rolled steel beam sections 12. Which of the followins is not a limit state of
classified into strength?
(a) two section (b) three section (a) Vibrations
(c) foursection (d) five section (b) Fracture due to fatigue
(c) Stability against sway and overturning
(d) Rupture of structure

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 =dffi^""r* 2 Steel Srucnues

13. For combination of dead load and live load 21. The structural advantage of using steel as a
for a floor beam, the partial safety factor for struchral member is
dead load and live load as per limit state of (a) Speed oferection or fabrication
sgglgth are resp ecrivel y (b) Speed of dismantling
(a) 1.0 and 1.0 (b) 1.5 and 1.2 (c) Good scrap value
(c) 1.0 and 1.5 (d) 1.5 and I .5 (d) Small weight to strength ratio

14. The partial safety factor lor material governed

22. Consider fiollowing statements for carbon
by buckling and yielding strength steel with varying carbon content, as carbon
respectively.
content increases
(a) l.l0 & I.zs (b) l.l0 & r.l0 I. Hardness of steel increases
(c) r.25 & l.l0 (d) 1.25 &, r.2s II. Toughness of steel increases
15. The partial safety factor for dead load and
III. Toughness ofsteel decreases
live IV. Ultimate strength of steel increases
load for a roof truss as per limit state of (a)I,m&ry (b)r&m
are respectively (c)I,II&ilI (d)r&r
(b) 1.2 & r.2
(c) 1.0 & 1.0 (d) l.s & 1.5 23. Consider following statements in respect of
stress strain curye shown in figure below
16. The upper yield point in the stress strain curve
1. Material- I is having higher hardness than
in structural steel can avoided by
material - II
(a) Cold working (b) Hot working
(c) Quenching
2. Material- II is having higher toughness
(d) Galvanising than material- I
17. Poisson ratio of steel in elastic range is
(a) 0.s0 &) 0.30
(c) 0.3s (d) o.4o

18. Poisson ratio of steel in plastic range is

(a) 0.s0 (b) 0.30
(c) 0.2s (d) 0.40 Strain

The correct statements given above is/are

19. The life period of steel building is
(a) I only (b) 2 only
(a) l0 years (b) 20 years (c) Both l and2 (d) neither I nor 2
(c) 50 years (d) 100 years

20- The necking of the steel section during tensile

24. Which of the following I-section is most
test takes place
(a) at yield stress
preferable for gantry girder with a channel
reinforced with compression flange of
O) in strain hardening range I-section
(c) at plastic yielding
(a) ISHB (b) rsMB
(d) after reaching ultimate stress (c) ISLC (d) rswB

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25.The best rolled steel member to withstand 28. The material in which large deformations is
transverse loads (loads which are normal to possible before absolute failwe by rupture
longitudinal axis of member) is takes place is known as
(a) Angle member (b) I-section (a) Ductile (b) Plastic
(c) Channel member (d) T-Section (c) Brittle (d) Elastic

26. The main of fillet in a rolled steel

I-section 29.The partial safety factor for material governed
(a) Increases the area ofI-section by yield strength and ultimate tensile strength
(b) Increases moment of inertia of I-section respectively are
(c) Minimizes the stress concenffation (a) 1.10 & r.2s (b) 1.lo & l.ro
(d) Improves aesthetic view of I-section (c) 1.25 & l.l0 (d) 1.25 &r.2s

27. Consider the following statements:

Aluminiumis being increasingly used for
structural purposes because LEVEL - 1 KEY
l. Its modulus of elasticitv is double that of
steel
2. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is half 01. (a) 02. (a) 03. (b) 0a. (a) 0s. (a)
that of steel 06. (c) 07. (d) 08. (d) 0e.@) 10. (c)
It requires less maintenallce 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15 (c)
The strength to unit weight ratio of
16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) le. (c) 20. (d)
aluminium is high
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (d) 2s. (b)
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) I and 4 (b) 2 and 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (a) 2e. (a)
(c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 3 and a

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 Riveted and
Bolted Connections
rEvEr - 1 QUESTTONS 06 The partial safety factor for the material of
bolt is
(a) l.l0 (b) 1.00 (c) t.sO (d) 1.25
01. A single bolted lap joinr may fails due to
Bearing
I. Tearing II. III. Shearing 07. The nominal shear strength of bolt can be
(a)I&IIonly (b)r,il&n written as (fi,u and fp are ultimate and yield
strength of steel respectively)
(c) II & III only (d)r&ru
(")+ Gi$"rzs
02. Minimum edge distance of bolted joint for J3
machine flame cut edges is not less than
(a) 1.7 times diameter of bolt
(.) 9
'J3
(0
$'r ro
(b) 1.5 times diameter of bolt
08. The shear strength of bolted ioint is reduced
(c) 1.7 times diameter of bolt hole
by accounting for
(d) 1.5 times diameter of bolt hole I. Over loading of end bolts
II. Large grip length of bolt
03. The diameter of bolt hole can exceed the
III. Packing plate in excess of 6 mm
diameter of bolt by about
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm
(a) I and II (b) II and III
(b) 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III
(c) 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm
(d)>5mm 09. For reversal of stress most suited bolt is
(a) Black bolt
04. Tacking of bolts should have a pitch in a line (b) Ordinary bolt
not exceeding (c) High strength friction grip bolt
(a) 32 t or 300 mm whichever is least for
(d) Turned bolt
plates
(b) 600 mm for compression members of l0 High strength bolts are designed for
angles or channels (a) Tension (b) Compression
(c) 1000 mm for tension members of ansles (c) Friction (d) shear
or chanaels
(d) All the above are correcr I l. The maximum longitudinal pitch of bolts for a
compression member should not exceed
05. A High strength bolt may be used for (where 't' is the minimum thickness of plates
(a) Slip resistant connection to be joined)
(b) Bearing fype connection (a) 2.5 times diameter of bolt
(c) Shear connection (b) 2.5 times the diameter of bolt hole
(d) Both (a) and (b) (c) I6 t or 200 mm whichever is less
(d) l2 t or 200 mm whichever is less
 ACE
incerlngAcad€my :5: Riveted & Bolted Corurections

12. A bolt designated as Hex bolt Ml6 x 70 will one of the following section is most critical
be section for cover plate?
(a) Diameter of 16 mm 1234
4321
(b) Diameter of 70 mm ttll:l
(c) Length of 16 mm i t; tl I

(d) Cross sectional area of 16 x 70 cm2 I I

t
?! t tl
a ! I
a l1 ,, I
I r? ?r ? t
13. The maximum longitudinal pitch ol'boltcd a'

joint subjected to tensile lorce, wlrcrc '1"' is I t? ti

I I I I I

thickness of plate and 'D' is dianrcter o[ bolt

I

4 J 2 3

is
(a) 32D (b) 16D (a) Section l-l (b) Section 2-2
(c) 32 t (d) 16 r (c) Section 3-3 (d) Section 4-4

L4.Load on bolted connection is not eccentric for 18. For above question, which one of the
(a) Single cover butt joint following section is most possible critical
(b) Lapioint section for main plate?
(c) Double cover butt joint (a) Section l-l (b) Section 2-2
(d) Bracket type connections between beam (c) Section 3-3 (d) Section 4-4
and column
19. In double diamond bolting, for plate of width
15. If same number of bolts have been used in the 'B' and bolt hole diameter 'd', the efficiency
joint, then which of the following pattern of of the joint is approximately is given by
bolting will yields higher efficiency? (a) (B - d)/d (b) (B - d)/B
(a) Staggered pattern (b) Chain pattern (c) (B - 2d)td (d) (B - 2d)tB
(c) Diamond pattern (d) Zig - Zag pattern
20. When load line coincides with C.G of boltccl
16. Design bolt value or design strength of bolts group, then the bolts are subjected to
ls (a) Only shear
(a) Lesser of design bearing strength of bolt (b) Only tenston
and design tensile strength of plate (c) Only bending
(b) Lesser of design shear strength of bolt and (d) either shear and tension
design tensile strength of plate
(c) Lesser of design strength of bolt in shear,
bearing and in tension (if exists)
(d) Greater of design strength of bolt in shear,
bearing and in tension (if exists)

17. Two steel plates, each of l6 mm thickness are

connected by double cover butt joint by bolts
as shown in figure. If the bolt diameter is
20 mm and steel is grade of Fe 410, which
 AGE
fi'rtin.criqgAcadcry 6 Steel Stuctrues

05. Two plates l0 mm and 20mm thick are to be

LEVEL - 2 QUESTIONS joined by a double cover butt joint. Assuming
cover plate of l0mm thickness, calculate the
number of M20 bolts of grade 4.6 required to
01. A single bolted double cover buttioint is used transmit a factored axial load of 300 kN.
to connect a plate of 16 mm thick with cover (Assume grade of steel Fe 410 kr 0.5 & :
plates of 12 mm thick using Ml6 bolts of Thread intercept shear plane)
grade 4.6 of ultimate tensile stress of bolt is (a) 4 (b) s (c) 7 (d) 6
400 MPa (yield strength:240 MPa) and
partial safety factor for field bolting is y-u : 06. A single bolted double cover butt joint is used
1.25. Find the design bolt value or design to connect two plates which are 8 mm thick.
strength of bolt (use a factor kt:0.50 and Assnming 16 mm diameter bolts of gade 4.6
shank of the bolt intercept the shear plane-). and cover plates to be 6 mm thick. Calculate
(a) 37.1 klt{ (b) 128.0 kN the efficiency of the joint, if four bolts are
(c) 6a.0 klt{ (d) 74.2e kN provided in the bolt line at a pitch of 45 mm.
(Assume grade of steel Fe410 kr : 0.55 &
02. Calculate strength of. a 20 mm diameter bolt Thread intercept shear plane)
of grade 4.6 for the following case. The main (a) 68.80% (b) s29e %
plate to be joined are 72 mm thick with lap (c) se9e% (d) 77 _e3 %
joint (Assume end distance e : 33 mm and
pitch p : 50 mm & Thread intercept shear 07. Calculate the efficiency of the joint of above
plane) problem, if two lines of bolts in each line
(a) as.26 kN (b) e6.00 kN have been arranged to result in a double
(c) e0.s2 kN (d) 27.7r kN bolted double cover butt joint.
(a) 68.80 % b) s2.ee %
03. The number of bolts required for a lap joint (c) se.e9 % (d) 77.e3 %
between two plates of 12 rnm and 20 mm
thick to transmit a frctored axial load of 90 Os.ril{lnen the grip length of two plates in a lap
kN using Ml6 bolts of grade 4.6 and Fe 410 : cnnnection exceed the five times the shank
plates. (Assume minimum end distance e:29 ,r:,'' .' U'u*.rer of bolt, such bolts are not subjected
mm and minimum pitch p :40 mm & Thread to the additional stresses due to eccentricity
intercept shear plane) are known as
(a)3 (b) 4 (c)2 (d) s bolts
(a) Packing (b) Long-grip bolts
bolts
(c) Tacking (d) Auxiliary bolts
04. The plates of a 6mm thick are connected by a
single bolted lap joint with 20mm diameter 09. Two plates 12 mm and 24 mm thick are to be
bolt at a 60mm pitch. Calculate the efficiency joined by a double cover butt joint with 12
of the joint. Take f, of plate as 410 MPa and mm thick packing plate. Then the design
assnme 4.6 grade bolts. (Assume l$: 0.5 & shear strength boltof is
reduced to
Thread intercept shear plane) % of
its original design shear
(a) ss.33% (b) 47.rs % strength.
(c) 6s.20 % (d) 42.60 %

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 ACE
I'Tine€riqgAcadcmy 7 Riveted & Bolted Connections

10. Two plates of 40 mrn thick and 30 mm thick lap joint is supposed to transfer a factored
are to be joined by a lap joint using M12 bolts load of 250 kN. Design the joint and
of grade 4.6. The design shear strength of bolt determine suitable pitch. Assume thread may
is reduced by intercept shear plane.
(a) eo-s6 % (b) e.44%
@) as.28 % (d) r8.88 %

It. Mild steel flat subjected to a design tensile

LEVEI, - l KEY
force of600 kN is connected to a gusset plate
using bolts. If the design forces required per 01. O) 02. (d) 03. (c) 04. (d) 0s. (d)
pitch length (i) to shear a single bolt, (ii) to
06. (d) 07. (c) 08. (d) 0e. (c) 10. (c)
crush the bolt and (iii) to tear the flat are
40 kN, 60 kN and 50 kN respectively, then 1r. (d) r2. (a,) 13. (d) la. (c) ls. (c)
the number of bolts required is
16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (d) le. (b) 20. (d)
(a) r2 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) ls

Data for Q.12 & Q.13 are given below

Two Fe4l0 grade plates 10 mm and 18 mm TEVEL - 2 SOTUTIONS
thick are to be joined by a double cover butt
joint using cover plate of 8 mm thickness. The 01. Ans: (d)
end distance and pitch distance to bolt holes Sol: For Ml6bolt d : l(r rnrn.
are respectively are 33 mm & 50 mm. The
For grade 4.6 bolt 1,,r, 4oo MPa
partial safety factors are yr :1.50 and
y6:1.25. y^6:1.25; k6:0.50

12. The design strength of full threaded M20 bolt

is of prade 4.6 is KN

13. The number of bolts required to support a

working load of 300 kN is

14. For a Bolted connection, the design strength Design strength of one bolts V,rr,
values are 90,000 N against tearing, 1,60,000 Vau: Lesser of Va"r (or) V,1,,1,
N against shearing and I,20,000 N against
bearing. If the design strength of the solid
plate (P) is 1,80,000 N; the efficiency of the Design shear strength of bolt
lap connection is % f
(a) s0.00% (b) 33.33% Vd.b: -;!!- (nn Ant t n, A.u)
(c) 66.67%
{3 y",o
(d) 80.00%
If shank of bolt is intercept the shear plans
15. Two flats of Fe4l0 grade steel, each (nr:0, flr: I x 2:2, Two number of shear
210 mm x 8 mm thick are to be joined using planes for each bolt in case ofdouble cover
20 mm diameter ol 4.6 srade bolts to form a butt connection)

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 ACE
iuc€riogAca&Ey 8

of
vd.b::oo (o*r"1(ro)'I
4' )
k6 is a bearing factor is lesser
e33
x r/3 1.25 [ :0.50
:74.29 x 103 N: 74.29 kN
3d, 3x22
P 0.25: 50 0.25:0.507
Design bearing strength of one bolt 3d"- 3x22
-
Vapb:2.5k,dtf"/y-u f"b/f" : 4001410: 0.97 : 1.0
ku :0.50
: 2. 5 x0.5x | 6xl 6x40ol 1.25
Design bearing strength of one bolt
:I02.4x 103 N: 102.4 kN Vapb : 2.5 x 0.5 x 20 x 12 x 40O11.25
:96 x 103 N: kN 96
Design strength of one bolt
Design strength of one bolt
Vau : Lesser of Va.u (or) V6ou: 74.29 kN Vat : Lesser of Va.u (or) V6o6: 45.26 kN

02. Ans: (a) 03. Ans: (b)

Sol: Factored axial load P: 90 kN
For Ml6 bolt d: 16 mm, d": l8 mm.
For bolt Grade 4.6 + (,6:400 MPa
For Fe 410 grade plates f":410 MPa
Shank diameter of bolt d:20mm, e:29 mm; p : 40 mm
Diameter of bolt hole d": 20 + 2:22mm When thread intercept the shear plane
For grade 4.6bolt f,u :400 MPa nr: l& [r: 0 for lap connection in case of
t: l2mm; e:33mm & p:50 mm one bolt
When thread intercept the shear plane Number of bolts required
n, : l& r, : 0 for lap connection in case of n=
Factoredaxialload P
one bolt DesignStrengthofonebolt Voo

Design strength of one bolt Design strength of one bolt

Vdb : Lesser of V6"6 (or) V6n6 Vdb: Lesser of Va,r (or) V6n6
Design shear strength of one bolt Design shear strength of one bolt
f
Vd.b : -+!- (fl,, Au6 + n, A,n)
{3y_n
Vd.b: +t-
{3y",0
(nn A* + n. A.u)

400
: ------- --(l x I x0.7tt, ! 1zo1t + o1 : -4oo (rxrxo.78x1116y2 +oy
43 x1.25 4 43 x1.25 4'
:45.26 x 103 N:45.26 kN :28.97 x l03N:28.97kN
Design bearing strength of one bolt Design bearing strength of one bolt
Vdpb:2.5k0 d t. {,r/y-t Vdpb:2.5k,dtf.b/y-b
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 ecademy 9 Riveted & Bolted Connections

k5 is a bearing factor is lesser of x l(X)

e 29 :0.537
3d,- 3xlti Dcsign strength of bolted connection pcr pitch

P
-0.2-5
: 40 -0.25 o.5o
Vl.: Lcsscr of Va,r (or) Vapu (or) Tao per pitclr

3d. 3xlti Design shear strength of bolt per pitch

f"b f
,.97 +lr!-
f" -4oo
|0 Vd.b: (no A,.,u + n= A.u)
410 {3 y,,r,

k6 is a benring lacklr: 0.50

Design bcaring sLrength of one bolt
400(n-\
: ___=_l t"t"o.78x_:1zoy, +o
(2.5 x0.5 x l6x I ^lzrt.zs\ 4' I

)
Vann - 12x400) 1.25
:76.8 x 103 N: 76.8 kN :45.27 x 103 N:45.27 kN
Design strength of one bolt Var:28.97 kN
Design bearing strength of bolt & plate per
Number of bolts required pitch
n- P90:-:3.1I:4 Vapt:2.5kbdtf,"'/y-r
vuo 28.97
: (2.5 x 0.5 x 20 x 6 x 400)11.25
04. Ans: (a) :48 x 103N:48 kN
Sol:
Design tensile strength of plate per pitch

T6n = 0.9 Ao fu/y-r

o
A* : (p - nxd") t : (60 -l x 22) x 6 : 228 mm2
T+
PJ+
_ 0.9x228 410
T
x
rdp
t.25
Shank diameter of bolt d:20mm, : 67.3 x 103 N : 67.3 kN
Diameter of bolt hole d.: 20 + 2: 22mm
Design strength of bolted conncction pcr pitch
For grade 4.6 bolt f"r:400 MPa
t: lZmm; e : 33mm &p:50 mm Va":45.27 kN
ku:0.50 ;
Design strength of solid platc pcr pitch
When thread intercept the shear plane J*p:Art/y-.
n,,: l& rr, :0for lap connection in case of
one bolt : (60 x 6) x 25tlll.I
For the wide plates : 8l.tl l x l03 N
Efficiency of the bolted connection per pitch
=til.ttlkN
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 ACE
EndnoerforgAcad.ry l0 Steel Stucurres

Efficiency of the bolted connection per pitch :79.22 x 103 N: 79.22kN

45'27 Design bearing strength of one bolt
n=%"
' xloo= xloo= 55.33%,
T-o tt l.tt I Vapn :2.5 kr d t f"/y-b

05. Ans: (a) ,- (2.5 x 0.5 x 20 x l0 x 400)11.25

Sol: For grade 4.6 bolt f"r :400 MPa : U0 x l03 N:80 kN
Var: Lesser of Va,t (or) V6n6: 79.22kN
For Fe 410 grade steel f,,:410 MPa
Number of bolts required to support a
kr: 0.5 , trr: 0 ; d:20 mm ; factored load

n: _P : ______:_
300
=3-79*4
vuu 79.22
Factored axial load P: 300 kN
06. Ans: (a)
Packing
PIate
Sol: Shank diameter of bolt d: 16 mm
Diameter of bolt hole d": 16 + 2: l8 mm
lioo* = lomm
_t_- -
For grade 4.6bolt f,.r:400 MPa

For Fe 410 grade steel f,, :410 MPa

Bearing factor kr : 0.55; r, : 0 ,

Number of bolts required
Factoredaxialload P Pitch of bolt p :45 mm
1l=
DesignStrengthof onebolt Vuo

Design strength of one bolt

Vau : Lesser of Va,u (or) Vao6

Design shear sffength of one bolt

Va"b: +t-
V3y,"u
(n,, A,,t * n. A"t)

If thicker packing plate thickness tnrp. > 6 mnl

V6.6 multiplied by reduction lactor p,,rg

Voro :$- (n, A,u + n. A*u) Fp1*

{3 7,,,r, For the wide plates

Efficiencv of the bolted connection

: -jee- ( ,*rro.78 x !eo\' + o)x o.e
J3xl.25\ 4' )

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 : ll : Riveted & Bolted Connections

r pilch ( V,' ) Elficiency of the bolted connection per pitch

,t',.',,,1:,,,,,, "
i ""'
%' 56'32
n' : xloo : (ttl.tl4'Y<t
Design strcngt,h of boltccl corrrrcction pcl pitch T_,"loo= gl.gl
Va": Lesscr tlf V,1"1, ({rr) V,1,,1, (tlt') 'l',1,, pcr pitch
07. Ans: (d)
Design shc:rr s(rcngth ol'bolt per pitch
Sol: Shank diameter of boltd: 16 mm
r
Vd.b : (11,, A,,1, + n. Arn) Diameter of bolt hole d" : 16 * 2 : l8 mm
-L
r/_l y,,,,,
For grade 4.6 bolt f*:400 MPa
- -4(x) 0x2xo.78xn4 116;2+o)
Jg"t.zs' For Fe 410 grade steel f,,:410 MPa

: 57.94 x 103 N: 57.94 kN Bearing factor k6: 0.55; n,: 0 ;

Design bearing strength of bolt & plate per Pitch of bolt p : 45 mm

pitch
Vdpb:2.5k,dtf"/y-r
: (2.5 x 0.55 x 16 x 8 x 400)11.25

:56.32 x 103 N: 56.32 kN

Design tensile strength of plate per pitch

T6p: 0.9 A" f"/y^r

A,: - nxd")t
(P (l) (2)

:(45-lx18)x8:216mm2
For the wide plates
Tao:0.9 x216x4lO/1.25
Efficiency of the bolted conncction
:63.76 x 103 N:63.76 kN
x 100
Design strength of connection per pitch

Va": 56.32 kN Design strength of boltcd connection per pitch

Design strength of solid plate per pitch

Vo": Lesser of Vo*u (or') V.n1, (or) T6o per pitch
Design shear strcngth of bolt per pitch
J-p:Aulr/y*s
t^

: (45 x 8) x 250/l.l :81.81 x 103N Vd.b : + (fl,' Anu + n. Art)

V3 T,,,.,
: 8l.tll kN
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chormi I Vriq/awada I
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r'

Steel Srucurres

: ;4ol ; (2 x 2x o.78x11ro;2+o;
:.l3 x1.25
Packing
4' Plate
(n:2 No of bolts per pitch)
: 115.89 xl03N: ll5.g9 kN
2'5kb d t f,, +
vdpb: x2
T^b

.5x0.55x16x8x400
x2 Packing plate thickness : tpq: 12 mm
t.25
If tpq > 6mm
: 112.64 x 103 N: 112.64 kN Va,u is reduced to Bpq

(n:2 No of bolts per pitch) Ppke: 1,0 - 0.0125 tprg

: 1.0 - 0.0125 x 12:0.g5
Hence Vo"uis reduced by 15% and it is g5 %
Design tensile strength of plate per pitch
of its original shear strength
T6o:0.9 A, f"/T.r
10. Ans: (b)
Ao : (p_nxdo)t : (45 _Ixlg)xg :216 mrfi Sol: Grip length ofbolt Ir:30-t 40:70mm
Diameter of bolt d: 12 mm
Critical section for main plate is I _ I
If grip length of bolt /s > 5d
T6o:0.9 x216x4l0ll.25 Va.u is reduced to Fre
:63.76 x F rg: 8d(3d+/*)
103 N: 63.76 kN : 8 x l2l(3x12+70) : 0.9056
Design strength of solid plate per pirch Hence Vo"r is reduced by 9.44 %

T-p:Ar&/y-o 11. Ans: (d)

: (45 x 8) x 250/t.t = g1.81 x l03N Sol: Design tensile force p: 600 kN
:81.81 kN Per pitch Vd,b :40 kN
Vapr:60 kN
I : 5x100:
T.o ryxtX0:77.93yo
gl.gl T6o: 50 kN
Design strength of one bolt
11: 77 .93%o
Vdb: Lesser of Va"r (or) Vat
:40 kl.{
08. Ans: (b) Number of bolts required

Jr: _P _ 600 _ 15
%o 40
Hydmbad jDelhi iBhopallpure
l
 Riveted & Bolted Conneaions

4,6 bolt fur'400 MPa

l* - aoo :0.97: r.o
Frdr
Frll0 gradc ltcl fu - 410 MPa
f; 4r0
r0,l'i11.-0 k6 is a bearing factor: 0.507
ftmf dlamotor of bolt d = 2o mm
Dfrmacr of bolt hole do :22 mm Vuno :(2.5 x 0.5 x 20xl0x40O)11.25
End distance e :33 mm
Pitch distance p :50 mm
: 80 x 103 N: 80 kl.{

Packing Design strength of one bolt

Plate
Vdb: Lesser of V*r (or) Vapr: 80 kN

14.
,'ttto ( tx2xo-7g'r(zo)'
,,J\x1.25\ 4'
no) Sol:
)

x 100

Hl\ " l0:1 ry:81.5kN minof {90000,1 60000 & I 2(XXX)}

100
bcaring strength of one bolt 180000
'X.-2.5KudtfiJy^o 9oooo
- 180000 xloo:50%
h r bcaring factor is lesser of
33 15.
l- = U.)
3x22 Sol: f,, :410 MPa
; f* = 400 MPa
50
d:20mm i do=22mmr,:0
-0,25 = -a
3x22 -0.25:0.507 Flat size 210 mm x 8 mm
Design aim of boltedjoint is to calculate no of
bolt required to support a factored load
 I;EngincaingAcad.my
ACE
: 14: Steel Sruchues

P : 250 kN and calculated number of bolts To have optimum pitch, the design strength of
are to be arranged in suitable pa(ern with bolt per pitch equated to design strength of
desired pitch and end distance plate per pitch.
(Here no. of bolts per pitch:2)
Number of bolts required ,r J
v,tt, f
Vuux2-Tdp:0.9A"i
Design strength of onc bolt rmt
Vdu : Lesser ol (or)
2:0.9x(p_tx4; t. I
V4"1, V,1,,1,
45.27 x 103 x
Design shear strength of one bolt " ynr
f :0.9x (p-22)r8r 410
Vd.b: -+- (nn Anu * n. A.u)
r.25
J3 Y".o

400
: --E---:-:(lxlx0.78 P: 60.33 mm: 60 mm
J3 x1.25
' vLpOS2 +01
4'
End distance:
210 -2x 60 :45 mm
:45.27 x 103 N:45.27 kN z
Minimum pitch p*,, :25 x 2:50 mm
Bearing factor kr which is a function of pitch
Minimum end distance e-in: 15 x 22:33 mm
and end distance, is not known so we can not
calculate Vapu. p:60mm&e:45mm
Assume Vapu > Varr ks is factor, smaller of
.'. Vat is taken as Va,r _:e45 :0.68
After arranging the no. of bolts, pitch and end 3d. 3x22
distance are to be calculated for the arranced P60
+- 0.25 :
bolt pattern and then it is verified.
3d" 3x22 -0.25:0.65
Vab: Vd,b:45-27 kN
400
250 li,#t,,:
' 45.27
410
-:0.97:1.0
k6: 0.65
No. of bolts can be arranged in the following
Vdpr : 2.5 kbdtf"/y-r

HMH
three patterns
:2.5x0.65x20x10x 400
t.25
: 80.6 x I03N: g0.6 kN
Case (i) Case (ii) Case (iii)
Vapt > Varu
Case(iii) Pattern demands minimum lap and Here design strength of bolt is Var : Vd.b
minimum weight of steel required for (Hence assumption is correct)
connection, hence this is best arrangement.
 Welded Connections
07. The effective length of intermediate fillet
LEVEr - I QUESTrONS weld should not be less than
(a) 2 x size of weld
01.If a structure is subjected to repeated lold (b) l/l00th length of fillet weld
cycles, then the welded joint as compared Lo (c) 4 x size of weld or 40mm whichever is
riveted joint will fail higher
(a) Earlier (b) later (d) + x thickness of thinner member
(c) At same time (d) not at all
0l"i 'Ihe effective throat thickness of a fillet weld
depends upon
02. The fillet welds are effective in resisting
(a) Angle between fusion faces
(a) Axial stresses (b) Torsion
(b) Length of fillet weld
(c) Bending stresses (d) Shear stresses
(c) Design shear capacity
(d) Type of weld
03. The butt welds are effective in resisting
(a) Axial stresses (b) Torsion o() Fillet weld is not adopted for joining parts,
(c) Bending stresses (d) Shear stresses when the angle between fusion faces (u) is
(a) > 120"
04- For steel structural connections, the process ol' (b) < 60"
welding adopted is (c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
(a) Carbon arc welding (d) Both (a) and (b) are wrong
(b) Pressure welding
(c) Metal arc welding l0 The design capacity of fillet welded joint is
(d) Oxy hydrogen welding reduced, r;r,rhen the length of side weld of the
welded joint in the direction of force (if the tt
05. The type of weld used for joining two is the effective throat thickness of weld)
surfaces approximately right angles to each (a) 16 tt (b) 100 rt
other is known as (c) 150 tt (d) 200 tt
(a) Fillet weld
(b) U groove weld
(c) Double groove weld
(d) Single J butt weld

06. Two plates of equal thickness, full strength ol'

fillet weld is ensured, its maximum size lirr
square edge is limited to
(a) l.5mm less than thickness of plate
(b) 75% of the thickness of angle leg
(c) Thickness of the angle leg
(d) 1.5mm higher than thickness of the anglc
leg
Hyddabad I D€lhi I Bhopd i hInc I Bhubrnonrnr I Eorsalm flrcUowl Pata I Chcnui I Viialawada
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 16 Steel Strucfirres

ll. Match List -I (type of weld) with List-II (lts 14- Match List and List-II and select correct
-I
location and symbol) and select correct answers using the code given below the lists
answers using the code given below list List -I (Use)
LtsT-l A. A structural member subjected to direct
LtsT-il. axial loads
B. Joining two surfaces in two different
planes
C. A hole is made in one of the component
and welding is done around the periphery
of the hole
D. Pressure applied continuously

B. Fillet weld List-II (Types of weld)

1. Slot weld 2. Seam weld
3. Fillet weld 4- Plug weld
5. Groove weld
C. Slot weld
Cocles:
ABCD ABCI)
4.
(a) 5 3 | 4 (b)4 s 3 2
(c) 4 3 2 I (d)s 3 I 2
D. Butt weld
Codes:
ABCD ABCD rEVEL - 2 QUESTTONS
(a) 3 2 4 I (b)3 2 | 4
(c) 4 | 2 3 (d)4 I 3 2
01. The design shear capacity of a fillet weld of
12. The nominal shear capacity of a fillet weld is plate with grade Fe 410 (E 250). The yield
stress and ultimate tensile stress of plate and
welds are 250 N/mm2 and 4lo N/mm2
respectively. Fillet welding is done at shop
f,l (partial safety factor for material governed by
(c)
t"
'tr' J shop welding is
^y^-:1.25)
(a) 166.67 N/mm' (b) 94.68 N/mm'
13. The design shear stress for which of the (c) 157.81N/mm2 (d) 189.37 N/mm2
following weld types is same as that for fillet
weld 02. A circular penstock of mild steel of 1.2 m
(1) Butt weld diameter is fabricated in workshop with 12
(2) Slot weld mm thick plates. The yield stress and ultimate
(3) Plug weld tensile stress of plate and welds are 250
N/mm2 and 410 N/mm2 respectively. The
(a)I only (b) 2 only plates are secured by 8 mm size fillet weld
(c)land2only (d)2and3only provided on inside and outside of the lapped

HydmbadlDclhilBhopatlnmelBhuburesmlBagahrulludcrowlPatulfrtmailUtaymdalvizs lTrrupati lCantnl Ktl"tFaly$td)

ffi*#^-."-, :17: Welded Connections

ends as shown in figr"lre. I)clcunine safe that can be transmiffed by the welded joint as
internal pressure that can lrcr :rllowcd in the per IS 800:2007 is
penstock, if load lactor is | 50 iurd resistance (a) 795.38 kN
factor against wclcl strcnglllf,,,,u | 25 (b) 1377.6 kN
(c) 1722.0 kN
F lllrt weld
(a) 3.55MPa
(d) r2s8.5 kN
(b) 2.36 MPa
(c) 1.50 MI'a -l? rrttrr tlrir:k
06. The Effective length of fillet weld with 8mm
(d) 7.01 MPa size weld is 234 mm. then the overall leneth
o1'fillet weld is mm
(a) 2 lfi (b) 266
(c) 202 (d) 2so
03. Two 12 mm thick plates ol'grade lrc 4l0 slccl
areioined in the workshop by single butt wcld 07 An ISA 12,5 x 95 x I0 mm thick steel angle
with an effective length of 220 mm. The yield Lic is kr lrc connected by its top and bottom
and ultimate tensile stlength of weld and edges only lo l l0 mm thick gusset plate
plates are 250 N/mm' and 410 N/mm'. using tlmm size lillet weld as shown in the
Determine the design axial strength of the figure below. The yield and ultimate tensile
welded joint strength of steel and weld are 250 MPa and
(a) 330 kN (b) s28 kN
410 MPa. The welding is done at workshop
(c) aes kN (d) 7e2 kN
y-,,:l.25.Which one of the following is a
possible acceptable combination of length of
04. Determine the service load which can be top and bottom weld respectively if factored
applied to the fillet weld for the figure shown
load on angle tie is P:265 kN.
with a weld size of 3mm. The yield and
ultimate tensile strength of weld and plates ll crur uuli [i
are 250 N/mm2 and 410 N/mm2. Take load
f'. A ilr r. t:; i:li
factor as 1.50 and resistance factor asainst
Fi
weld strength y,,,*:l .25 '150 lsF 1n
LJr
H
E

(b) 170.43 kN
--! P"
(c) I 19.30 k\I (l) 3 | I rnnr & ()() rrrrn (ll) 99 rnrn & 311 mm
(d) 2ss.6s kN
i" (c) l()0 rnrrr & (rO rrrrrr (d) ('tt mm & 190 mm

Of1. l)r.:si11rr ir lillcl wcltl lo.join a tension member

05. A fillet welded joint of 8 mnr sizt: irs slrowrr rn
trf'lwo lsn ()O r ()0 x ll mm (Cw : Cr.:25.1
the figure. The weld surfaces rnocl lrl sl:rrr<lirrtl
rrrrrr) to lr l2 rrrrrr thick gusset plate. The
angle. The yield stress and the ullirrurlc lerrsrlc
lirclolctl lcrrsilc load is 400 kN. The yield and
stress of steel are 250 MPa and ,1lo Ml)ir"
rrllirrrirlc lcnsilc stress of steel and weld are
respectively. The welding is donc irr llre
250 Ml)a and 410 MPa respectively. The
workshop (T,o,,,: I.25)- Findthe lactotctl loircl
wofcling is done at shop T^,u:7.25
HydwdbadlDdhi ]Bhopat lPrmc I tlhubaucsw lllerr6rhrrr ll;r luxrw lI'atur lChcmi lVjyayawadalMzzg ;l-rrupati lcubnl lfukaqatryfbd)
 : 18: Steel Snucurres

09. A circular plate of 150 mm in diameter is

welded to another plate by means of 6 mm
fillet weld. The yield and ultimate tensile
strength olsteel and weld ue 250 N/mm2 and
410 N/mm'.The weld is done in the workshop
(y^*:1.25). The ultimate twisting moment
capacity that can be resisted by the weld is
in kN-m (a) 7e5.4 kN o) 484.e kN
(c) 772.3 kN (d) 470.e Kn

Data for Q.12, Q.13, & Q.14 are given below

(b) 3 mm and 6.5 mm

(d) 6 mm and 6.5 mm
(a) 305 mm
ne effective length of fillet weld using
(b) 210 mm
(c) 265 mm
maximum size of fillet weld to transmit a
(d) ass mm
factored load of 300 kN is mm
(rounded to nearest higher multiple of 5mm).

14. The lengths of top weld and bottom welds

ll. Determine factored load that can be applied
on fillet welded joint of weld size 5 mm as
shown in figure. The yield and ultimate
tensile strength of steel and weld are 250 Mpa
and 410 MPa. The welding is done at
workshop y^*:I.25.
mm and _rnm respectively @y
providing weld length on top and bottom edge
of an angle) by considering maximum size of
fillet weld, if outstanding leg of angle is
provided on top side of gusset.
)s :19: Welded Connections

Diameter of penstock d: I.2 m: 1200 mm

LEVEL - 1 KEY Pd
Hoop strength o6:
2T
01. (a) 02. (d) 03. (a) 0a. (c) 0s. (a)
Where p : Design internal fluid pressure
06. (a) 07. (c) 08. (a) 0e. (c) 10. (c)
2t, L " t:
PdL
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d)
Hoop force fi, - Pd r
2

Hoop force per lmm length Po: *L

LEVEL - 2 SOLUTIONS
Design shear strenr,n 5iutttT#ltu

le
01. Ans: (d)
Sol: For grade Fe 410(E250) steel
I rl
Pd*:ll,r,,-r"12
is : : :
& t* 250MPa & f" f"* 410 MPa
: L J3y,'- I

Design shear strengllr of hllet weld per I

is y-* : Partial safety factor for workshop mm length (L* : Inrnr)
te welding :1.25
rf Nominal shear capacity of fillet weld Pd*: [,,' ,']
a,
lw
rrwn -f,, [ J3Y,,,,"-],/
V3 By equating Fh: Pa*
Design shear capacity of fillet weld
td
rg -f*t
*:1"'Ji,-
"rwd -- - Design internal fluid prcssrrlei
1l Y-*
410 p: 410 -1
zx).bX--X-
l8e'37 N/mm2 ^ a/3xl-25 |2(X)
3.-53 N/mm2

,rJi ,t: ll-

02. Ans: (b) Safe internal fluid pressurc 3.53/1.50
'lr
Sol: For grade Fe 410(E250) steel
2 3(, N/mm2
g : : : :
& fr"" 250 MPa & f,, f'* 410 MPa 03. Ans: (a)
a
Size of filletweld S:8 mm Sol: For grade Fe 410 steel
n
Effective throat thickness t6: k .S
&: &* :250 MPa & 1,, li,* :410 MPa
tt:0.7x8:5.6mm T-*: 1.25 &Tr: 1.25
ls L* : Effective lengtlr ol'weld :220 mm
v
t":]T
ie
rf
X"$ 8
-$*
is 12 mrn thiek
o.6m / P?
Singlc butt weld

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 20 Steel Snucnues

Effective throat thicknes s 05. Ans: (a)

1
L: :td (For single bolt weld) Sol: f,:410 MPa, t :250 MPa & T^*: 1.25
Size of the weld S : 8 mm
5
: 1xl2: 7.5 mm llflective throat thickness t : k.S
8
Design axial strength of bolt weld
tr 0.7 x 8 :5.6 mm
f' linctorcd load : Design strength of fillet
Td* : L* L. weld P - P.r,"
T**
: L*_ .tr l' : (3x250)x5.6x 410
Td,u:220x7-5r250 +
J37.,," _
t!3 x\ .25
t.25
:330 x 103 N:330 kN :795.38 x 103 : 795-38 kN

04. Ans: (b)

Sol: For grade Fe 410 steel {, :410 MPa 06. Ans (d)
y-*: 1.25 (For workshop welding) Sol: The Overall length of fillet weld (L)
L : Effective length of fillet weld (L*) + 2
x size of f,rllet weld (S)
:234+2xg:250mm
07. Ans (c)

Sol: As per problem, If weld is to be arranged on

top edge andbottom edge ofan angle
Equating
Factored load P : Design strength of fillet f":410 N/mm2; fy:250 N/mm2; y-,":1.25,
weld (P6*o; S:Smm; Factored load P:265 kN
f Effective throat thickness tt: 0.7 x 8
P : Pao, : L.*.tt. -+- :- 5.6 mm
J3T,,,u
S:3 mm Equating P = Pr.., = L,. t, i"-
' 'J3y-*
tt: k.S :0.70 : O.'7 x 3:2,1 mm
tt:3mm (t1not less than 3mm) 265x10':L." x5.6x #- xL.25
43
P: Pao.: (3 x 150 x 3)[+x1.25 I L.,u:250 mm
\"/3 ) Let L*r & L,*z are lengths of top and
:255.65 x 103 N:255.65 kN
bottom welds respectively
Factoredload 255.65 L*t * l'r"z :250 ------- (D
Service load P.: _
loadfactor 1.50
Applied factored load is nearer to top edge
: 170.43 kN of an angle, Hence length of top weld is
more than the length of bottom weld, and
Answer (c) is correct combination for top
and bottom weld lengths respectively.
HydrabadjDdhilBlrcpa(RrnolBhubaaxffilB@gaturuihcknorulhhalCho@ijVitryzvrdelWag lllrupati iClmrr, Krrta4att/Gltd)
 ACE Welded Connections
Acadcmy

r ., A .>_x4IO
L*, _ 125-30 _95 _3.1666 400 xlo3: "* ]-''
^13xL.25
L*z 30 30
L*: 502.90 mm

From equation (i) L*r : 190 mm and Arranging calculated weld length on
L*2:60 mm arranged on top edge (L*1;, bottom edge
(Lry2; and lcft vertical side of an angle as
For grade Fe 410 steel shown in the ligure above
&: &*
:250 MPa & f": f"*:410 MPa L*r*L*z + h .,, -502.90 mm
Design load on each angle: L*r*f,,,,2 + 90 -412.90. .... .... (i)
P- '*
400
=200kN
2 Taking moment ol'wcld strengths and loads
T on top edge of end :tnglc
Fs{
90xt, x f,
x4s +
Ly,^!I 1',,.x90: p x25.1
43x1.25 r/3 x 1.25

90x4.2x410
x45+['*'"-4:2'4lo*90
Ji xr.zs r/.1 x 1.25

:200x l0r x25. I

H : Smm Lwz:25.LZmm(4s=4 x (r 24rnrn)
Minimum size of nUetkld ()0
From equation (i) Lwr+Lw.' | 412.90
Maximum size of fillet weld: 1xt Lwr : 412.90 - 25.12 9ll 21)7 .7tl mm
4

:lx? 8 = 6mm
4 09. Ans:28.11
Sol: Size of fillet weld S () nlnt
Adopt size of fillet weld S:6mm f":410 N/mm2, l, 250 N/mm2 &
Effective throat thickness t1: k S rr
fmw
:l?{
:0.7 x6 :4.2 mm Design shear strcngllr ol'lillet weld
f
Let L* be the effective length of fillet weld Pd*: Lw L-l-
J3y,,,,u
For effective length of fillet weld, by
equating P : Pa*

P: Pa*: L* xtt ----f"

r/3 x Y'o*

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 222 z Steel Strucurres

11. Ans: (c)

Sol:

l+-_--+l
' 600 mm

Ultimate twisting moment capacity fr:250 MPa ; : 410 MPa & T-*.: 1.25
f"
Tu: P6,uxi
n : t*.,,. l' ,,d Size of fillet weld S :5 mm
J3y** 2
Effective throat thickness
: n(tso[o .7 x6)x++ tt: K.S :0.7 x 5 : 3.5 mm
"ry
13 xL.25 2
If length of side fillet weld parallel to
:28.11 x 106 N-mm :28.11 kN-m
direction of a load
10. Ans: (d) ij > 150 ts /5:600 mm > 150 x 3.5:525 mm
Sol: lto Frr0
Hence design shear capacity of fillet weld is

reduced to Fm-f*a

Reduction factor on long joint

o.2l
r <1.0
0r*,:1.20-
l 50r t

f, : 250 MPa, f" : 410 MPa & y-* : I .25

Factored load: P:300 kN

Factored load: Design shear strength of
Maximum size of fillet weld for t: 16 mm- fillet weld
S:5mm
P:Pc*:/*hlp,*
For effective length of fillet weld P: Pd* t/3Y"'*

300x103:L*(K.),fu- : Q*ooo[l s)-$ xo.el

l.l3 xL.25
:771.49 x 103 N:771.49 kN
300 x 103: L* (0.7 x5)x -[
43xL.25
3 L* :452-62 mm = 455 mm
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 223: Welded Connections

12. Ans: (c)

14. Ans: 327 & 127
Sol: For Fe4l0 grade steel
Sol: As per problem, above total weld length to
f":410 MPa
be arranged top and bottom edges of angle
Y-*: 1.5 site welding only
Design load P:300 kN Let L*r and L*z are length of weld on top
and bottom weld and L*r and L*z are to be
ISA 90x90x8
F-f.- arranged in such a way that load must pass
through C.G of an angle.
g1 ,t.tr"-l
Lwr * [,wz = 452.62 mm ......... (l)
For second equation, taking moments of
+l lF weld lmgths about top edge of an angle
12nm
r,.,,, P2 x 90 | P1 x 0:Px25.1
Minimum size of fillet weld S-io:5mm ("-,ra,2* *a!]
Maximum size of fillet weld
a
\ r/3 x 1.50/
^)'ro
Srrru*: lx8:6mm - 300 x l0tx25.l
4
L*z'126.29 mnl ! 127 mm
13. Ans: 452.62 mm
Sol: For effective length of weld P: Pa* Lwr I 452,62 -126'23
Effective threat l: 327 mm
"l"iT': : r fi,o,o - 326,tq mm

300 x I03 : l-".L J'

J3y",-

3oo xro3 :L*(4z)f#l=l

\V3x1.50)
L*: 452.62 mm

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 Eccentric Connections
(a) Bolt No.l and Bolt No.3
TEVEL -l QUESTIONS (b) Bolt No.6 and Bolt No.4
(c) Bolt No.6
01. In eccentric bolted connection, if the plane of (d) BoltNo.3
bolt is lying in the same of plane of bolt
group, all bolts in the bolt group are subjected 05. A butt weld subjected to normal stress (f") and
to shear stresses (q) then the equivalent stress in
(a) Shear force and Bending moment the weld is given by
(b) Twisting moment only
(c) Bending moment only
(a) f?,,* q' (b) fl +3q'z
(d) Shear force and Twisting mornent (c) (d) 0.5f1 + q'z
O2.In eccentric bolted connection, if the plane of
bolt group is perpendicular to the load or 06. The bolts in eccentrically loaded connection
moment, then the bolts are subjected to shown in the figure given below, which bolt is
(a) Shear force and Bending moment maximum value of resultant force
(b) Twisting moment only 10 tc'l

(c) Bending moment only |/p-f mm.

(d) Shear force and Twisting moment
T
Inn
b +'
03. Rivets are subjected both shear stress ( ru"
and axial tensile stress (o,r *a) shall be so
"ur) +
Iftn
+ +t
I + L1
proportioned that the stresses doesn't exceed I T
the respective allowable stress r.,," and axial i 100mm l+-

tensile stress otr and the value of

, otf "ol
T'u .ul
T..o o,t
(a) 1.00 (b) 1.40
(c) 1.66 (d) 1.60
04. Locate the critical bolt in the bolted
connection as shown in the figure below

(a) I and 3 (b) 4 &6

(c) 3 (d) I
 Acad€uy =25: Ercenhic Connections

08. Which one o[ the following curve represents

moment rotation relationship of flexible (a) l.o r"bi
I.0
connection shown in the given figwe below is
%
T
La

!-4
(c) {q
I 1,0 1.0

0)
:i lt
E

Rotation

(a) Curve 'B' (b) Curve 'C'

LEVEL - 2 QUESTIONS
(c) Curve 'D' (d) Curve 'E'
01. For the bolt systems showlr in lrgure, the bolts
09. A T-bracket is connected to the flange of an I are at a distance of l5Ornln liorn C.G of bolt
section with 10mm size fillet weld. Find the goup- The maximum rcsullnrrl shcar lorce in
location of the heavily stressed points the critical bolt is
(a) Pl2
280 kN
(b) 3Pl4
(c) P/4
(d) P

.BRACKET
02. F;ach bolt shown in figurc is capable of
resisting design shear capacrty ol'45kN and
design tension capacity ol' .l(r kN. The
interaction equation bctwccrr ol'forces as per
(a) A and B (b) A and C limit state method ol'lS ti(X):2(X)7.
(c) B and D (d) C and D

10. A bolt is subjected to shear force V and a t

a t
tension T. The capacity of the bolt in resisting
I a
shear and tension respectively are Vo and To.
Which one of the following diagrams
represents interaction relations as per
IS800:1984? (a) (5Pl13)2 r (tzt,lt3f < r.4
(b) (P/l 17) | (1,/39)< 1.0
(c) (sP/131 t (tzPl13)< r.4
(d) (P/tt7l eBr2 < r.o r

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 226: Steel Stuctures

03. Four bolts share the load p as shown in the be if 40 kN is applied? tJse 24 mm diameter
figure below. The shear shength of bolt is 4.6 grade bolts is the connection safe?
30 ld{ and tension strength of bolt is 40 kN.
Which one of the following is the maximum
design load value of P?

(a) 100.25 kl.{

o) 200.75 kN
(c) 135.76 kN
(d) l17.76 kN

04. Abracket connection is made with five bolts
and supports an eccentric load of 300kN as
shown in the figure given below, the shear
force induced in central bolt due to twistins
moment only is
07. Determine the maximum possible factored
load P in kN which can be supported a
10 mm thick plate connected to ISHB 250
@
536.6 N/m column flange shown in fig. Use
full threaded l6 mm diameter 4.6 srade bolt.

I
o I
ttuT
a
7Stnm

dfhfr; e I

ISHB2:0'.4i536 Mrn

Al[ 0lmensions afe in'mm,

(a) 60.00 kN (b) e3.75 kN

(c) 7s.00 kN (d) Zero

05- For above bracket connection, the design

force for the central bolt is KN
(a) 60.00 kN (b) e3.75 kN
75 kN
(c) 7s.00 kN (d) Zero
TI
06. A 8 mm thick angle is bolted to the flange of
I25nrm
an ISHB 350 @ 661.2 N/m column as shown I25x75x8
I
in figure. Both members have steel of grade l-
of Fe 410. Determine which bolt is critical.
What the maximum total force in the bolt will
 Eccenhic Connections

column as shown in the figure. What is LEVET _ 2 SOLUTIONS

maximum resultant force in the bolt?
P

@) Pta 01. Ans: (d)

Sol:
b)P t2
@) 3Pta
(d) P

10. A bracket connection is made with four bolts Vcrrtie:rl shcar lbrce in any bolt due to P
of 10 mm diameter and supports a load of
10 kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm. The ti,, ]l P-0
maximum force to be resisted by any bolt will
44
be Shonr lbrce in critical bolt due to M

(a) 5.00 klt{ tr,,, P* P((,ooxl:O)

-p
' rrr 4x I50?
)r,
o) 6.50 kN
Mrrxirnunr resultant shear force in critical
(c) 6.80 ka{
bolt
(d) 7.16 kN
till,,,** J F,l +F,'" +2F.F",cos0 :F-:P

02. Anr: (d)

LEVEL - 1 KEY

0r. (d) 02. (a) 03. (b) 04.(d) os.(b)

06. (c) 07. (d) 08. (d) 0e.(a) 10. (d)

t)csigrt sltour strength of bolt Vau : 45kN

l)csign tcnsile strength of bolt Tar: 36 kN

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 ACE
["tgrn€cdngAcadcmy 228l.

If bolts are under combined shear and 03. Ans: (c)

tension as per IS 800: 2007 lnteraction
equation to be satisfied
t :2 t

| " ]Ill
|'v' P cos 45"
|,T," '2l )
<1.0
(Vfti lr.'u,J
Shear force in any bolt due to vertical
P sin 45' 6P
component of P
Design shear strength of bolt Var : 30 kN
- - 0: 6P Design tensile strength of bolt Tau :40 kN
Vr-"6 Psin --.sinO
Factored shear force in any bolt due to
n6
vertical component of 6P
:- 6P55
6 -:-u
13 13' P cos 45" P
.D
Tensile force in any bolt due to vertical 4 4J'
component of P Factored tensile force in any bolt due to
vertical component of 6P
6Pcos0 6P t2 I2P P sin 45' P sin 45" P
lh--=-XCOS0:Px
n6 13 t3 'o -
n44Jt
t ,2 z 12

| "- l| +l[T"l
l'v,
Interaction equation between forces as per
" I <1.0
IS 800:2007 (%' / [r.' I
(p l)' p l-l'
< 1.0 | _r-l-l7r^lI <1.0
\4"J2 30 ) 14.12 4ol
P2 P.
fslrgp)' *(tr.36
(+s,
rzpr rs'1'
., 16x2x900 l6x2xl600
)- P: 135.76 kN
The maximum design load applied can be on
*fll'
\ 3e./ =
r.o the ioint is 135.76 kN

04. Ans. (d)

The shear force due to twisting moment is
proportional to the radial distance. The
radial distance to the center bolt from
centroid of bolt group is zero, hence shear
force due to twisting moment is zero
p-: l.t'I G: o), Hence F-: o
rm
I12
Z-/-
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 ACE :29 Erccentric Connections
fruimtryecaaemy =

05. Ans. (a) 40x310x 110 :40.11 kN

Only corner four bolts share the twisting z x (t to)'z +2"(to)'
moment. Center bolt is only subjected to
load due to direct concentrated load P and it 0 : Angle between Fa and Fm of critical
should be designed for shear load of
Fu: P/n :3OOl5: 60 kN bolt 4 is 0'

Maximum resultant shear force in critical

06.
Sol: bolt is Fna
t-).-Z-
FR''**= {F"" + Fr", + 2F,,F* cos0

* L)' = Fu * F,r,
:I0*40.11:-50.11kN

Max Resultant force for bolt No. 4 is

Critical bolt is one is subjected to maximum
resultant shear force, which is farthest from Fn-*:50.11 kN
C.G of'bolt group and nearer to the applied For safety of connection (Fn),.u* ! Var.
load linc. l lence critical bolt is bolt No: 4 Design shear strength of bolt Va.u
for sa lety o l coltttection :*-[n".A"o
V*o -
+.n,.A,0 ]
(Fn),r,u* { V.l, {3Y-n
Lesser of Vl.r or V,1,,1, (Assume thread intercept shear plane n. _- 0)
Fe4l0grade + 1.',- 410 MPa.
: j9- tx 0.78'!, z+'\
Bolt grade 4.6 = fut: 400MPa
V6.6
" [, " 4
d: 24mm & d": 24 + 2: 26 rnm "lzrl.zs \
:65.192 kN
)

Vertical shear force on each bolt p":l

40kN n
I
vl:-
tF" 40
OO x # 4
| 2 c.G3 4 :10kN

: ))o
q.---- = 310 mm
e 200
2
Design bearing strength of bolt
Radial distance to the critical bolt
))(l rr _ 2.5kb.dtf.,
r- =110 vdpb-
-^, Imb
2
Shear force in bolt due to twisting moment 40
P.e.r kr is Least of :0-51
;: 3x26
^m
F:-

Lrz
 Steel Strucnres
ecadcuy

P 0.25= 40 I
- -0.25=0.263 * (r rn)'
3d" 3x26 a
-t )'
f,&-
=
4oq
= 0.97 (or) : l.o -l T4 9P
fu 4IO
Fp Fa
'e' may be known if the width of flange
is known F-
Let end distance:40 mm

Pitch distance : 220

I -'2: oo
'22
vapb: 2.5 x 0.263 x 24 xt >< ro:0::40.70kN Fn
1.25
F.
(Fr)-u*: 50.11 > Vau:40.70kN
cos 90: 0
Hence connection is unsafe For safety of connection
07. Ans: 25.21
(Fn)-u* < Var (Design strength of bolt )
Sol:
i0 mm thick plate 'Vdt' is lesser of Va.r (or) V6o6

f
Vrb: jrl-(n, Anu *n,.A,o)
r/3 Y't

:28.97x 103: N 28.97 kN

Eccentric load P is replaced with

Vdob :2.5 kr . dt f-"
i)P '1/
I urb

ii) M: P.e: 165 P kN-mm

e 40 0.74
k*" is smalle r of
3d,= 3xl8
=
For safety of critical bolt (Fn)*."= Vdb
PP
ra: -=7
n3 P _ 0.25:
75 _ 0.25:1.14
Critical bolts are I&3 3do 3xl8
,r':- P.e.r - P0esXzs) : l.l pkN f"o
F=Tr75t +o f"
:4oo
410
- o-97 =l
Resultant force, F*: ff *F;-
 :31 : Eccentic Connections

Vdpr: 2.5 xO.74x l6 x10

" *t.25 QR-ax = q? +q3

:94.72x 103 N: 94.72 kN Vertical shear stress in weld due to P is

Vab:28.97 kN P
Qt: '.
L*Xt,
For safety of critical bolt (Fp)","*: Vdb

:. 1.149 P : 28.97 + P: 25.21 kN 75x 103 2t4.28 ,- ,

Nl /hh-
a

l2x2so)x(0.7 x S) S

Shear stress in fillet weld due to M is

M
Ot:-XY
I
IS125x75x8mm
N-ZsO mrrt
-tt

Max
l(csultant
Shcar strcss
125 mm

I : M.I of fillet weld about axis of bending.

Irrsl' x2
pr:ZSO-m*l 1:(250tt,)r lTl
Lz)
For F" 410 + fu:410 MPa
(Neglecting t3 term)
| r -l
I: '
[250x (0.7S)x 62.5']x2
:1367187.55 mma
9z
For safety of fillet weld, the maximum
/ . -\125
(75x10'x38/x- 130.28__. 1

resultant shear stress in weld should be less t367187.5S S

than or equal to design shear capacity of
fillet weld

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 ACE
tr'nghceringecaacmy 232 Steel Structues
=

Maximum resultant shear stress ,: J8ot;ot=loo

(Qn)-u": q? +q|, _ Px(:oo)(too) _ :n
4x1002 4
F*:m
?P
Fn: F- : (since, F":0)
;
10. Ans: (d)
Sol: f--100 mn--{
10 kN
410 :189.37 N/mm' .1
fvva:
Ji xL.25

for safety of fillet weld

,.:9!e
(Qn)-u*: f*u :t j = r8e.37 ffi
,2, mmA
,z l30mm
40mm
,S

S : 1.32 mm The plane of load is lying with plane of bolt

As per code IS 800:2007 minimum size of group.
Direct shear force P : lOkN
Twisting moment M: P.e. : 10(100)
weld not less than 3mm

Adopt size of fillet weld S :3 mm. :lo3kN-mm

Ans: (c) Vertical shear force in any bolt due to P

Fu:P-lo-2.5kN
n4
Shear force in critical bolt due to M

: Pe-t looox 5o
Lr' -
F- = 5kN
4x5O'

cos o : 4o :1: o.so

505
Maximum resultant shear force in critical
bolt due to Fu and F* is Fp,,,u*

FR**: r/F"- * F,; + 2F"F,,,.cos0

: ",!2-5' + 52 + 2x2.5x 5x0.8 : 7.16 kN

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-
 Tension Members
(a) Shear force
LEVEL - l QUESTIONS (b) Compressive force
(c) Tensile fiorce
01. A Tie is a (d) Bending due to transverse force
(a) Tension member
(b) Conrprcssion member 07. As per linrit state design of 15800.2007 a
(c) Flexural member tension splrce is designed for
(d) Biaxial mernber (a) Factored tensilc lbrce
(b) Service tensilc lbrce
02. The nraxirnum spacing of tacking bolts for a (c) Maximum value oltensile force in member
tension nrcmber is composed of double angle (d) Any one of the above
(whcrc I is the thickness of thinner member)
(a) l(, t (b)32t 08. Design tensile strength ol'tension member is
(c) 2(X) tnnt (d) 1000 mm given by
(a) Rupture at a critical secl.ion
03. Lug anglc is used at aioint
(b) Yielding of gross section
(a) To incrcnsc design tension capacity
(c) Block shear of end region
(b) To rcpllcc llck rivets
(d) Lesser of above three
(c) To retlucc lcnglh ol'.ioint
(d) To tako cut'c ol'cl'l'cct ol'load reversals 09. Limits are placed on slenderness ral.io of
tension member
04. Single angle rncutbcr tcltsi<lrt woldccl tcl gusset (a) To check the crippling of the member
is prelered over bolted angle becetuse (b) To limit the buckling of the member
(a) Welded tension member easy to labricate (c) To check the lateral vibration of the
(b) Presence of bolt holes weak in tension member
(c) Eccentricity of connection can be (d) To check the crookedness of the member
eliminated by adjusting the weld length
(d) None of above 10. A member is used as tie in which possible of
reversal of stress due to loads other than wind
05. In a tension member, when one or more than or earthquake loads as per IS tt00:2007 should
one bolt hole is of the line then the failwe of not exceed
plate depends upon (a) 3s0 (b) 180 (c) 400 (d) 2s0
(a) Diameter of bolt hole
(b) Pitch of the bolt 11. Which one of the following is not mode of
(c) Gauge of bolt failwe of a member under factored tensile
(d) All the above force?
(a) Gross section yielding failure of a member
06. A joint in a roof truss, an angle member is (b) Crushing failure ola member
connectcd to a gusset plate with fillet weld, (c) Net section rupture of a mernber
gross section yielding failure away from joint (d) Block shear failure of a member
is mode ol'lailure under
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 : 34: Steel Struchrres

12. In a steel plate with bolted connections. the 18. lf Ar is the effective cross sectional area of
rupture of the net section is a mode of lailure the connected leg and Az is gross c/s are of
under unconnected leg, the net effective area of a
(a) tension (b) compression single angle is given by A, + K.Az as per
(c) flexure (d) shear IS800. 1984. Where K is equal to

13. Lug angles are used along with a single angle

tie is
(a) To increase the length of end connection
(b) To improve the efficiency of outstanding
leg of an angle tie
(c) To improve the efficiency of connecting
leg of an angle tie LEVET - 2 QUESTIONS
(d) To make end connection of an anele tie
easily at joint A steel plate is 300 mm wide and l0 mm
thick. If diameter of bolt is l8 mm, then the
14. The attachment of lug angle to outstanding net sectional area of plate at a section with
flange of a channel member should be capable one bolt hole is
of xo/o of in excess of the force in outstandins (a) 1800 mm2 (b) 2800 mm2
flange of the channel is, where 'x' is (c) 3000 mm2 (d) 3242 mm2
(a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 30 (d) 40 02. Study the following statements with reference
to 'lug angle'
15. As per limit state design of 15800:2007 block l. Length of end connection of angle or
shear failure is mode of failure under
channel section to a gusset plate is
(a) Shear (b) compression
reduced by using lug angle
(c) Tension (d) Torsion
2. In no case, less than two rivets or two
16 The design tensile strength of a member due bolts shall be used for attaching the lug
to yielding of gross section T6, is given by angle to grrsset plate.
f 3. In case of channel member, the lug angle
(a) A".-:-u-
and their attachment to gusset plate shall
I rnl
be capable of developing strength of not
f,
(c)A- ---:- less than 20%o rn excess of the force in the
/ tro outstanding flange of a channel.
4. In case of angle member, the lug angle
17. The allowable tensile stress for a yield stress
and their connection to gusset plate shall
of '&' in structural steel as per IS800:1984 is
(a) 0.a0 f" (b) 0.45 & be capable of developing strenglh of not
(c) 0.66 f, (d) 0.60 fy less than 40Yo in excess of the force in the
outstanding flange of a channel.

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 Acafuy :35: Tension Members

The correct statements are 05. Compute the tensile strength of an angle
(a) I and 2 (b) 3 and 4 section ISA 150 x 115 x 8 mm of Fe 410
(c) l, 3 and4 (d) 1,2,3 and grade of steel connected with gusset plate as
shown in the above problem based on net
03. A lap joint is used to connect two flats of sectlon rupture
width 200 mm and 12 mm thickness with (a) 4(,7.7 kN (b) 2s8.2 kN
chain pattern bolts having bolt hole diameter (c) 516.3 kN (d) 233.8 kN
18 mm lor M 16 bolts as shown in figure- The
yield stress and ultimate tensile stress of flat 06. Determine the block shear strength of the
are 250 N/mm2 and 410 N/mm2 respectively. welded tension member as shown in the
Partial salety factor for material govemed by figure. Steel is o[ grade Fe 410
yield stress and ultimate tensile stress are
respectively y'"o : 1.10 and y-r : 1.25. The
design tensile strength of flat by considering
net section rupture is.

taaa

tea
07. An single angle seetion ISA l20xl20xl2mm
aaa used as tie member in roof truss. The cross
seotional area of angle is 2750mm2 and maior
(a) 5 17.20 kN (b) 3e4.20 kN andminormoment of inertia of an each angle
(c) 3 I5.79 kN (d) 64(r.4u kN is I.' : Ir" :368x104 mm4,I.,r, : 584x l0a mma
and I*:151xlOamma respectively. Tie angle
04. Find the tensile strength of an angle section section may be subjected to possible reversal
ISA 150 x ll5 x 8 mm of Fe 410 grade of of stress due to loads other than wind or
steel connected to the gusset plate as shown in earthquake. What will be maximum length of
the figure based on gross sectional yielding. the angle tie is
Partial safety factor for material govemed by (a) 8.3 m (b) 6.s m
yield stress and ultimate tensile stress are (c) 4.2m (d) 2.1 m
respectively y,,'o : I . l0 and T^t : | .25 .
08. What is the net effective sectional area of
plate of thickness 10 mm as shown in the
figure for carrying tension?
(a) 2125 mm2

b) 237s ffii
(c) 2500 mm2
60 mm ,-,*1,

(a) 467.3 kN
(c) s16.3 kN
(b) 2s8.2 kN
(d) 233,8 kN
(d) 27 s0 ffii
i
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ffi*m^"".* :36: Steel Strucnues

Data for Q.09, Q.10 and Q.11 are given below

LEVEL _ 1 KEY
A flat of 120 ISF l0 with 18 mm diameter
bolt holes as shown in figure. The yield and
ultimate tensile strength of flat are 250 MPa 01. (a) 02. (d) 03. (c) 0a. (c) 0s. (d)
and 410 MPa respectively and partial safety 06. (c) 07.(a) 08. (d) 0e. (c) 10. (b)
factor governed by yield and ultimate tensile
strength respectively are 1.10 and 1.25. 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) ls. (c)
16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (b)

LEVEL - 2 SOLUTIONS

01. Ans: (b)

Sol: d : 18 mm; do :18 -r 2:20 mm
}-''Fl+-F|+q'>|
35mtn it]nrm 3inutt
(One bolt hole n: l)
Net effective sectional area of plate
09. The design tensile strength of a flat based on A*: (B- 1xi") x t
gross section yielding is : (300-20)xl0 :2800 mm2
(a) 272.7l<N (b) 247.e kN
(c) 216.a kN (d) 218.2 kN 02. Ans: (a)

10. The design tensile strength of a flat based

03. Ans: (a) section
net section rupture is kN. ,Cnlical
Sol:
aoo
I
I

ll. The design tensile sfiength of a flat by I

is _ L
considering block shear failure ki',{.
v \J L./ 00 mm

12. A single angle welded tie of a welded steel

truss in an industrial roof building is to
,boo I
require to be designed for factored tension of Design tensile strength of flat based on net
221.27 kN. The yield stress and the ultimate sectlon rupture
tensile stress of steel are 250 MPa and 410 /,t r \
MPa, respectively. Then the most suitable Tn =0,9x1 ^"'" ;. Ao:(B-nd.)t
section satisfring 15800:2007 codal \Y-t )
requirements will be
fr:250 MPa & f":410 MPa;
(a)ISA90mmx60mmx6mm
(b) ISA 125 mm x 75 mm x 6 mm do:18 mm; y-1: .25
(c) ISA 100 mm x 65 mm x 6mm Net effective sectional area of flat
(d) ISA l00mm x 100 mm x 6 mm ,q, : (200 - 3 x l8)x 12 : 17 52 mm2

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 Acafuy :37 : Tension Members

rr =o.e :rrrrnr* > 0.7 <lo-"1-

"(nt?:.|'ol
\ r.2s ) ymr fy
: 517.19 kN w:ll5mm; t:8mm
Shear leg distance b, : w : 115 mm (for
04. Ans: (a) welded.ioint)
Sol: Length of connection L": 140 mm

F=r4 -007(*[,+Y+),.l.]+)
8 \ /\4r0) \r40)
:0.t152 > 0.7
/
T,- =l 0.9x I l(rt3x
+ro\
" " l+0.85x888x-
2so
I r.z-s 7 1.10
:516x103N:-5l6kN
60 mm

Gross sectional area of an angle 06.

:
Ae ( | 50+1 15 - 8)x8 2056 mtt: Sol: f" = 410 MPa & & :250 MPa
Design tensile strength based on gross T-o= 1.1 & Y'"1: l-25
section yielding
t.
Tur: A*
*
2o-56 x 250
tot-
- lro -
4(,7.27x ror N
",
= 467.27 kN i 10 mm Thick Plate

05. Ans: (c)

Sol: Design tensile strength based on net section
Tension p

Shear plane

Minimum gross and net sectional area of

shear plane
Auo: Avc 2000 mm2 (no deductions for
welded connection)
g leg
Minimum gross and net sectional area of
tension plane

At, : Are =225x10 : 2250 mm2

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 ACE
f,.nginecdryAcademy 38 Steel Stmcurres

Design shear strength based on block shear 08. Ans: (b)

failure by considering shear yield and Sol:
tension rupture
tl
ll

Tar, :O"r++0.9A'"I-
"
2 tl
tl
.ll
{3y-o Y,nr i'.. io
1---p-
( 'ttn-)* ( alo) I
| .'
a'l
tl
I

Tau, =lzooo"; o.rrzzso" tl

{r x r.r) \
tl
\ t'zsl I
lll
t1

:926.63 kI'[
11o-{--50-'l
Shear rupture & tension yield
Possible failure sections are
a l-2-3-4
rao, =[o* '#)xo.e+".-* o t-2-6-7
o t-2-6-3-4
A,, along section l-2-3-4
= 2ooo' ;11!-
Jl
x 0.9 + z2sor?,s?
t .l A, [B-nd"]xt
"t.zs =
: [:oo -2x25]xto
:852- 23 kN
:2500 mm2
.'. Tar is lesser of Taurand Tabz: 852-23 ld{
Ao along section l-2-6-7
07. Ans (c)
Sol: A, = (B-trdo)r *&
4Et
The maximum slenderness ratio of tension is
subiected to stress reversal due to loads other *
5,0'
than wind or earth quake load is 180
= (roo - 2xz5)xro
' Il-o
4x 100
:2562.5 mrt
Maximum lengthof tensionmember < lg0
Minimum radius of gYration Ao along section l-2-614
I"nax
rroi,t
< 139 A" = (B-nd")t.+
48,
.+
48.,
50' t rc
= (:oo -3x25)xrg * .*#
:2375 mmz
Maximum length of member .'. Ar,: 2375 mm2
L-*S 180 x rmio< 180 x23-43 Hence Critical sectional area A,,: 2375 nlrr?
:4217.4mm:4-21m
 ACE 39 Tension Members
inccringAcadcmy

Ans: (a) 11. Ans:311.3

120 ISF 10
Sol: .*l F 18t2

aa
tl
Shcar plane
l+-+-----{
tt 50

Minimum gross sectional area of shear

plane
Diarneter of bolt hole d":18 mm
,AnB = 2(35 + 50) lo : lToo mm2
F-or grade Fe4l0 (E250) steel
f":410 Minimum net sectional area of shear plane
ly - 2-50 MPa & MPa
Design tensile strength based on A,,n : /
2l35 +50- l8
rn)
-- 2)lx l0
section yielding v
f' : I160 mmz
*r'-
T.o A* - (tzorlo)x2:q
"Y-o l.l Minimum gtoss sectional area of tension
: 272.72 x 103 N : 272.72kN plane

A,u: 1SO1 xlO: 500 mm2

10. Ans:247.9
Sol: Design tensile strength based on net section Minimum net sectional arca of tension plane
rupture a* =$o-ta]xto :384 mm2
f
To, =O-9x A,x!:!-; Design strength based on block shear
a/
tmI
failure, (Tau)
Net effective sectional arca of flat
Shear yield & tension rupture
A, : (B - n.d,).x t
T A'*f, , o.gfuAt,,
: (l2O- 2 x18) xlO: 840mm2 wr
!rr-
----
J3T-. 6*r
410
T.,.. = 0.9 x 840 x Iatr =l I700x
I rso l l
j-- , aro]
| rl0.9x(.l84lx-
r-25
Jr,tt-1 L
|

L r'25)
l03 N :247 .96kN
:336.42 kN
Shear rupture & tension yield

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 ACE
['rtgin€cringacaAcmy :40 : Stee1 Structures

Available gtoss sectional area of

^ .,, shearrupture
(a) ISA 90 x60 x 6
Tdbz = o.9A-.. " ++ A," +f
{3y,", '' J3yu.
andtension
Ar: (90 + 60 - 6) t 0 :864 mm'
J vield

:0.9xIroox-I,O= +soo, ?5;0:311.3 kN

O)ISAI25x75x6
T66,
xt.zs l.l Ar:(125 +75-6) O:1764mm2 ><

"lz
Hence block shear strength (c) ISA 100 x 65 x 6
A, : (100 + 65 - 6) " 6 : 954 mm"
T66 : least of Tor, &T*. : 3l l.3 kN
(d) ISA 100 x 100 x 6
12. Ans: (b)
Sol:
Ar: (100 + 100 - 6) , 6: I164 mm
P : 227.27 kN :227 .27 x 103 N

fr:250 MPa & (,410 MPa Sectional area of angle section in Option (b)
and option (d) are having sectional area is
Approximate sectional area is required to
higher than required sectional area and they
support an axial load A* is have same sectional area and weight But
an angle ISA 100 x 75 x 6 (Un equal angle
(A. ),"0 =
P 227.27 xIO3
section with its longer leg is connected to
f , lT,no 250/I-I0 gusset) is gives higher tensile strength than
: l000mm2 an equal angle ISA 100 xl00 x6mm Hence
best choice is option (b)

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 A@
tr.uirrungAcadcry :42: Steel Stucures

10. For equal cross sectional area, the most

efficient section for column is LEVEL - 2 QUESTIONS
(a) I-Section
(b) Channel section 0l- From economic considerations, a built up
(c) Circular section section column (compound column section)
(d) Hallow circular section shall have
(a) rn: r,. b) r, <ru
11. The design compressive stress of axially (c) rr> r., (d) ryy t 2 ru
loaded compression member in IS 800:2007
is given by 02.In the design of lacing system for a built up
(a) Merchant Rankine formula steel column, the maximum allowable
(b) Secant formula slendemess ratio of a lacing bar
(c) Euler formula (a)rl2o (b) 145 (c) rso (d) 250
(d) Perry Robertson formula
03. For connecting lacing flat to column section
12. The allowable axial compressive stress of with M20 bolts, the minimum width of flat
axially loaded compression member as per should be
IS 800:1987 is given by (a) 36 mm (b) 60mm
(a) Merchant Rankine formula (c) 54 mm (d) 65 mm
(b) Secant formula
(c) Euler formula 04. Minimum number of battens required in built
(d) Perry Robertson formula up column are
(a)4 (b)3 (c) (d)z 5
13. The effective length (KL) of the member
shown in the figure is equal to 05. Thickness of lacing flats for single lacing
(a) r.2L system should not less than X times length
(b) 1.sL between the inner end bolts, where X is
(c) 2"0L (a) li50 (b) l/60 (c) l/36 (d) rl4o
(d) 3.oL
06. Consider following statements for a built up
14. Tubular sections flrs.,indst economical compression mernber as per IS 800:2007
"r-
compression member because tubes I. Connecting elennents area of laced column
(a) Have high lateral buckling strength is
requires lesser area steel than of
(b) Have high torsional resistance battened column for same load and
(c) Are subjected to less wind force than any unsupported length and same end
other sections condition
(d) All the above II. The effective slenderness ratio of battened
column is increased by IO %
15. The slenderness ratio of compression member III. The effective slenderness ratio of laced
carrying compressive loads resulting from built up column is increased by 5%
wind or earthquake actions Above following statements are TRUE is/are
(a) 250 (b) 350 (a)I&r (b)rr&III
(c) 180 (d) 400 (c)I&ilI (d)I,il&ilI
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 :4f,1 : Compression Members

07. Four equal angle sections are shown in figure

below form a built up column sections,
among these which one will be having higher (s)
axial load carrying capacity. ' '60,

JL t

I r
I r
:j L
( a)

11.
l'Kt) -
I;J
A built up column of 6m length consists of
ISA 100mmx100mmx10mm are adequately
(c) laced placed with corners coincident with the
08. In designing of lacing system, a single lacing corner of square 400mm side. The column is
systems on opposite plans shall be preferably hinged at base and continuous top. at
be in the same direction, so that one is the Compute the design axial compressive load
shadow of the other is done that the continuous column can carry?
(a) To avoid twisting of the built up colurnn (Properties A:1903mm2,lo: Ir:177 x lOa
section mmo, C*:Cr;.28.4 mm & rn: rrr:30.5 mm)
(b) To avoid bending of the built up column (a) 1633.53 kN (b) 255.3 kN
secfion (c) 766.50 kN (d) 383.5 kN
(c) To have better architectual appearance
built up column section
(d) Connecting the builtup colunns easily
LEVEL - 1 KEY
09. A strut in a steel truss is composed of two
equal angles ISA 100 mm x 100 mm x l0 01. (b) 02. (d) 03. (c) 04.O) 0s. (d)
mm corurected back to back to the same side
of the gusset plate. The cross sectional area of 06.o) 07. (b) 08. (c) 0e. (d) 10. (d)
each angle is 1903 mm2 and moment of 11. (d) 12.(a) 13. (c) 14. (d) ls. (a)
inertia (Iw : 1..) is l77x114 mmo. The
distance of the centroid of the angle from its
surface (Cw: C,,) is 40.8 mm. The minimum
radius of strut is
(a) 19.4 mm (b) 30.6 mm
(c) 4(r.(r mm (d) 29.8 mm

10. Which ol'the following graphs represents the

allowable compressive stress (ou") versus
slenderness rutio (KL/r)

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.#ifr\"" AcE
1!fl };rnginccdng acadcuy 44 Steel Strucures
*-.ffi*

LEVEL - 2 SOTUTIONS r^mn= E:@-=3o.6mm

!e. 1l zxQlos)
01. Ans: (a) 02. Ans: (b) 10. Ans: (b)
03. Ans: (b) Sol: Allowable axial compressive stress

Sol : Minimum with of flat b-i"= 3 x Shank

diameter of bolt :3 x 20: 60mm

04. Ans: (a) 05. Ans: (d) 06. Ans: (d) The allowable axial compressive stress is
inversely Proportional Square of slenderness
ratio, hence option (b) represents correct
07. Ans: (b) 08. Ans: (a)
option.
11.Ans: (a)
09. Ans: (b)
Sol: Design axial compressive strength of built-
Sol: Minimum radius of gyration r,,,i'. is minimum uP sectlon
ofbr&rn P6:f"6xA"
F-F
r,, = ,l( &r,rY l^YY Design stress in axial compression 'f.a' by
v^. !n. Perry Robertsons
fy
Moment of inertia of built up section about f'
ZZ axis f'cd= ,Yto .r=a
Izz:2x[I'.fAy'] O*(0, _I')o' y_o

1, : non-dimensional eff. slenderness

=zrlnxloa +l9o3xO'?l
=2x177 xl0ammu
Moment of inertia of built up section about
YY axis Effective length of the column
: K.L:0.8x6000:4800 mm
lw:2x[I""+Az2l
| .l The given column is symmetric about both
= 2x177 xl}' + 1903 " crr'l the planes fntur: rw = rzz

Moment of inertia of built up column about

: l2xl7 7 x l}a + 2 x1903" crr' ]mm' ZZ axis and YY axis
I
Minimum moment of inertia of built up ltt=r'r" =(1," + Axz2)x4
section I-io : Iu:2 xl77 x10a mma l'-- '
x ,^4 rnn^ r. I

= l 0a + 1903 x 171 .6' lx 4

Minimum radius of gyration rmin- r,' 1177

:231.22x106 mma
 Compression Members

Minimum radius of gyration rzzayx cr:0.49 (buckling class 'C')

231.22x106
-mrn Q = 0.5(1+0.49(0.3 r-0.2) + 0312)

= 0.575
r.in = 174'28nm
2s0l1.10
Elastic critical sftess in compression f.,
0.57s + (o.szs' - 0.3' )o'
n2 x2xl}s :2360.28I N/mm2
l"= = 214.6 N/mm2
S250nJ =227 .27 N/mm2

f" load on built up column

f*

0= o.s(

ii1;i ,iriiii
\,rt:i.:.:
):,1)i'
3ii iii.:

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 Column Bases &
Column lices
LEVET - 1 QUESTTONS 06. The thickness of square slab base under
circular column section as per IS800:1984 is
01. In case of axially loaded column not given by
machined for full bearing, the fastenings
connecting the column to base plate in (a) t=
gusseted base are designed for
(a) 25 % of design column load
(b) 50 % of design column load (b) t:l
(c) 100 % of design column load
(d) Erection load only
(c) t=
02. The thickness of the base plate determined
from the
(a) Flexural strength of the plate (d) t=
(b) Shear strength of the plate
(c) Bearing strength of concrete pedestal
(d) Punching criteria
LEVEL - 2 QUESTIONS
03. In a bolted gusseted base, the critical section
for considering the thickness of base plate is Data for Q.01, Q.02 & e.03
(a) At edge of column A steel column section ISHB 350 (Width of
(b) At edge of rhe base plate flange is 250mm and thickness of flange l l.6
(c) At root of gusset angle mm) has to carry a factored load of 2400 kN.
(d) At C.G of gusset angle The yield stress and the ultimate tensile stress

04. While designing, for a steel column of Fe4l0

gtade, a base plate resting on a concrete
pedestal with characteristic compressive
strength of f"r, the bearing strength of
concrete (in N/mm') in limit state method 01. The bearing strength of M 25 grade concrete
of
design as per IS:456-2000 is in limit state trethod of design as per IS: 456_
(a) f"r. (b) o.7s qk 2000 is N/mm'
(c) 0.67f"r (b) 0.4s f,k

05. While designing, for a steel column of Fe250

grade, a base plate resting on a concrete
pedestal of M20 gr{de, the bearing strength of
concrete (in N/mm') in limit state method of
design as per IS:456-2000 is
{frSi*#Ace*m' :47 : Colurnn Bases and Cohrmn Splices

03. The minimum thickness of base plate

(Rounded to nearest higher value) is required TEVEL - 2 SOLUTIONS
as per IS 800:2007 is mm

04. A Base plate of column base of length L is 01. Ans: 11.25

supporting a colurnn subiected to an eccentric
load of P with an eccentricity of a load is L/6. Sol:
Which one of the following diagram
represents stress distribution below the base
plate of column base is
B
N

l-350

{c}lffif-f
For ISHB 350 steel column,
05.A square steel slab base of area 1m2 is
provided for a column made of firo rolled br: 250 mm & tr: I I .6 mm
channel sections. The 300mmx300mm P:2400 kN
column carries an axial compressive load of
2000kN. The line of action of the load passes t:250 MPa
through the centroid of the column section as
well as of
the slab base. The permissible For Mzs grade concrete
bending stress in theslab base is l85MPa.
f"r:25 N/mm2
The required minimum thickness of the slab
base is Bearing strength of concrete : 0.45f"r
(a) I l0mm (b) 89mm
(c) 63mm (d) ssmm :1I.25 N/mm2

LEVEL - 1 KEY
02. Ans: 520 & 420

01. (c) 02. (a) 03.(c) 04. (d) 0s.e.0 Area of base plate
06. (c) a-- Desisn axial column load
Bearing strength of concrete

-24oox1oj 213333.33 mm2

r1.25

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 :48 : Steel Stuctures

To have optimum thickness of slab base 04. Ans: (b)

assume a: b
A:LxB Sol: Eccentricity of a load e:Ll6
The combined stress distribution due to
A: (D + 2a) (b1+ 2b) axial load and bendins moment 'M' is
(f"+fb)
(213333.33): (350 + 2a) (250 + 2a)
213333.33: 87500 + 700 a + 500 a+ 4t
:4i + r2oo a-t25833.33 : o P 2P
= LB'(rtt) =0. LB
a:82.29 mm
The combined stress distribution due to axial
a: b : 82.29 mm: 85 mm load and bending moment 'M' is zero at one
end and compression at other end, Hence
Length of base plate L : (D+2a) correct option is (b)

: (350+2 x 85):520 mm 05. Ans: (d)

Sol: Area of square column A : I n]
Width of base plate Side of square column L: B: 1000mm lm:
: (b1'+ 2b1: (250+2x85) Upward bearing pressure from concrete
B
pedestal
:42omm
Axial columnload 2000x 103
03. Ans: 25
Pr ovidedArea of baseplate 1000x 1000
Sol: Upward bearing pressure from concrete :2 N/mm2
pedestal Side of base plate a : b: 1000-300/2
Designcolumnload _24OOxI03 :350 mm
=ProvidedAreaof baseplate 520x420
Thickness of base plate
: 10.98 N/mm2 < 0.45 f"t
Thickness of base plate

= 54.58mm = 55mm

(2.5x10.98 x (85' - 0.3 x 85'?) x l.l0

t":24.71mm = 25 mm > 1l -6 mm

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 Beams
(a) I-Section
LEVEL - l QUESTIONS (b) Channel Section
(c) Rectangular Hallow Section
01. Any major beam in a structure is known as (d) Square Hallow Section
(a) Girder (b) Joist
(c) Spandrel beam (d) Beam 0t1. Wlric:h one of the following cwve shown
ligrrrc bclow represents semi compact section
02. The most efficient section for beam for given its pcl lirlit state design of IS: 800-2007 is
cross sectional area
(a) Angle section
(b) Hallow circular section
(c) Channel section
(d) I-section x

03. A beam section is selected and provided on fi

the basis of
(a) Section modulus (b) Deflection
(c) Shear (d) All the above

04. The slenderness ratio of a web of beam Cunrt|fC I

section from diagonal buckling consideration
is given by (u) ('urve'a' (b) Curve'b'
(a) d/t", (b) 2.45 d/t* (o) (''urve 'c' (d) Curve 'd'
(c) 85 d/t* (d) 67 d/t*
0t). Whut is limiting slenderness ratio of laterally
05. The maximum vertical deflection in cantilever
runrcs(rained beam per IS 800:2007 is
steel beam in case ofelastic cladding is
(a) Span/300 (b) spar/I50 (:r) l(x) (b) 180 (c) a00 (d) 250
(c) Span/240 (d) sparVl20
l0 'l'hc concentrated load should be transferred
06. The maximum vertical deflection ln simply lirrrn llange to web, the angle of dispersion
supported steel beam in case of brittle (vcrtical: horizontal) of the concentrated load
cladding is is nssumed to be
(a) Span/325 (b) span/300
(a) t : 2.5 (b) 2.s : I
(c) Span/240 (d) span/I80
(c)2:I (d) I :2
07. Which one of the following cross section is kr
be designed for unsymmetrical bending dttcr ttt
ffansverse shear load
 ti

ffi*""{ffi^-", :50: Steel Suuctures

I l. Deflection limitation over beams are imposed

because excessive defl ection LEVEr - 2 QUESTIONS
(a) May create problems for roof drainage
(b) May cause undesirable nvisting and
distortion of end connection 01. Match List-I (different names of structural
(c) May cause psychological problems for the members) and List-II (Its location with load in
usefs a structure) and select the conect answer
(d) All the above using code given below
List - I
12. For an I-section beam, flange buckling is A. Tie B. Boom
more critical than web buckling because C. Strut D. Joist
(a) Flanges are thicker than web
(b) Web thicker than flange List - II
(c) Web can develop post buckling strength l. Member supporting roof in a building
(d) Edge conditions of flanges are most 2. Tension member in a bracing system
favorable 3. Compression member in a roof truss
4. Compression member in a crane
13. Beam with compact section attain plastic Codes:
moment capacity due to AB CD ABCD
(a) Plastic redistribution of stresses (a)l 3 4 2 (b)2 4 3 l
(b) Local buckling can be prevented (c)r 2 3 4 (d)3 2 4 1
(c) Possibility of sufficient plastic hinge
rotatron 02. The beam section is classes as high shear case
(d) right of shape of section when factored shear force is
(a) < 0.6 vd (b) > 0.6 vd
14. Which one of the followins is not a ffansverse (c) > 0.6 vd (d) < 0.6 vd
loaded member?
03. What is the failure of a section is shown in
(a) Spandrel (b) Stringer
the flgure below
(c) Boom (d) Grit

15. Beams should be designed for

(a) Flexural strength (b) Stiffoess
(c) Local buckling (d) all the above

(a) Web crippling O) Web buckling

(c) Web crimpling (d) both (a) and (c)

04 Which of followinp. statements irue in

of built beams
I. Used when rolled steel beam is supporting
heavy ffansverse loads
II. Used when limited depth of beams are
available in workshop
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 ACE
4qginc€ringAcadcmy :51 :

III. Used when depth of beam is to rcstrictcd List - II

(a)I,il&il (b)I&IIIonly (Maximum Permissible stress for steel
(c) I & II only (d) II & III only with yield)
r. 0.40 & 2. 0.7s &
05. For a given shear force across a symmetrical 3 0.66 & 4. 0.60 &
I-section, the shear stress is maximum at (lodcs:
(a) Extreme fiber A BC D
(b) Centroid of section (a)4321
(c) Junction of flange & web but on the web (b)2:t4r
(d) Junction of flange & web but on the flange (c) l3 42
(d)24 3 |

06. Web buckling occurs because of

(a) Diagonal compression due to shear 10. Which one ol'tho lirctors does not affect the
(b) Longitudinal compression due to bending lateral buckling strcngLh of a steei I section
(c) Vertical compression due to concentrated undergoing bending about its maior axis?
loads (a) Boundary conditions al" the ends
(d) Any of (a), (b) and (c) (b) Radius of gyration abor"rt minor axis
(c) Radius of gyration about rnajor axis
07. As per IS 800:2007, the cross-section which (d) Laterally unsupported lengl.h of the
can develop the plastic moment of resistance compression flange
but have inadequate plastic hinge rotation
capacity for formation of plastic mechanism
are classed as LEVEL - 1 KEY
(a) Plastic section
(b) Compact section
(c) Semi-compact section
01. (a) (d)
02. (d) 04. (d) 0s. (d)
03.
(d) Slender section 06.(b) 07. (b) 08. (b) 0e. (a) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) la. (c) 1s. (d)
08. The thickness of an outstanding flange in steel
beams is subiected to a minimum values
because of
(a) Durability LEVEL - 2 KEY
(b) Local bending
(c) Local buckling
(d) Compressive stress and lateral buckling of 01. (b) (c)
02. 03. (d) 0a. (a) 0s. (b)
the beam 06. (d) 07. (b) 08. (c) 0e. (b) 10. (c)

09. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct

answor using the codes given below the lists.
Lisl - I
(Nalurc ol'Stress)
A. llclrrnli B. Bending tension
C. Axiirl lcrrsiorr D. Averase shear
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 Plate Girders
of compression flange; t: thickness of web
LEVEL - 1 OUESTIONS and c: spacing between vertical stiffeners; d2.
Twice the clear distance compression flange
01. For large span and heavy gravity loads which
of the followins will be economical
(a) Beam (b) Arch (b) dz t3
(c) Truss (d) Plate girder
(d)4ct3
02. Self weight of welded plate girder (w) in
kN/m may be taken where W is total
superimposed load in kN is 07. Web splice in plate girder is designed to
(a) Wi300 (b) w4oo withstand
(c) W200 (d) w15oo (a) Design shear and bending moment
(b) Design shear force
03. Optimum depth of plate girder as per limit (c) Design bending moment
state design is given by, where M is design (d) Design axial force
bending moment and k:d/t", d: depth of web
and t*,: thickness of web 08. Flange splice in plate girder is designed to
(a)d lMk/fyl]: (b)d: Mvfrll'l withstand
(c) d LM k/&1"' (d) d: [M k/fyllo (a) Design shear and design bending moment
(b) Design shear force
04. As per IS 800 in case of plate girder with (c) Design bending moment
horizontal and vertical stiffeners, the greater (d) Design axial force
and lesser unsupported clear dimensions of
web panel in terms of web thickness should 09. The allowable shear stress in stiffened
not exceed respectively webs of MS beams decreases with
(a) 180 tnu and 85 t" (b) 270 t* and 180 t* (a) Decrease in the spacing of stiffeners
(c) 270 t*, and 200 tv (d) 400 tnu and 250 t, (b) increase in the spacing of the
stiffeners
05 Pick out the incorrect statement (c) Decrease in the effective depth
(a) Bearing stiffeners are provided straight (d) Increase in the effective depth
(b) Intermediate stiffeners are joggled
(c) Bearing stiffeners are designed as column 10. The maximum spacing of vertical stiffener as
(d) Bearing stiffeners are called stability per 15800:1984 in a plate girder should be
stiffener (where dr : effective depth of web)
(a) 0.33 dr (b) 1.50 dl
06. Minimum moment of inertia (I) about cenffe (c) 2.00 dr (d) 1.33 dr
of web of a first horizontal stiffener @: End
reaction, D: overall depth of girder, W. Total
load on girder between supports. T: Thickness

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 ACE
Ad€my Plate Girders

(a) I and III are conect

LEVET - 2 OUESTIONS (b) I and II are correct
(c) II and III are conect
01. An intermediate stiffeners connected lhc wclr (d) I, II, III,IV and V are correct
designed to withstand a shearing lirrcc
(kN/mm) of not less than as per IS[3(X):2(X)7 o4 ln a welded plate girder, ttrre web plate
(t* is the thickness of web in mm and b" is thc: connected to flange along both longitudinal
outstand of the stiffener in mm) cdges. The minimum thickness of web plate
(a) 125ooo (t*'/ b,) (b)125(t*2/b-) ol' Fe 4I0 grade steel is required by
(c) (t-,2/ 5 b,) (d) looo 1t*2/s b,,) considering serviceability criteria for
rrn-stiffened plate girder, if the depth of web
02. Pick up the correct statements(s) phle is 2000mm
In plate girders bearing stiffeners are (n) l13 mm (b) l0 mm
I. Designed for bearing and checked lirr (c) ll mm (d) 6.4 mm
buckling
II. Provided for web where forces appliccl os 4 welded plate girder is provided with
through flange by load or reaction exceecl virrious stiffeners, if depth of web plate is
the local capacity of web at its connection 2(XX)rnm x l0mm, spacing of vertical stiffener
to the flange is l(X)0rnm. then minimum moment of inertia
III. Provided at points of maximum bending rct;uircd for longitudinal stiffener at neutral
moment irxis ol- plate girder is
(a) I and III are correct
(ir)2x l06mma (b)8x106mma
(b) I and II are correct (r') |r 106mma (d)ax106mma
(c) II and III are corect
(d) I, II and III are correct (X' A wclclcd plate girder has a web plate
| 5(X) x (rrrl1l. Which one of the following is
03. Pick up the correct statements(s) ('(f n ccl about stiffening the web as per
In plate girders stiffeners are lSl{(X): l9tt4'/
I. An intermediate vertical stiffener mainly (rr) 'l'lrc web is left unstiffened
improves the buckling strengfh of wclr (b) 'l'lro web is provided with vertical
due to shear stil'lbners only
II. Longitudinal or horizontal stiflcrrrrr (c) l'lrc web is provided with vertical
increases the buckling resistance of wcb stil'lbners and a horizontal stiffener at 0.4d
due to bending linrtr the top flange
III. Bearing stiffener or load carrying stifll'rre
r
(tl) I'hc web is provided with vertical stiffener
prevents the local buckling of web cluc to arrd two rows of horiz,ontal stiffeners, one
any concentrated load. rul 0.4 lrom the top llange and another at
IV. Diagonal stiffener improves the local tho mid-height of the web
strengthening of web under combinaliorr
of shear and bending
V. Torsional stiffener are provided al srrlrlrorl
to restrain the girder against torsiorlrl
effects

|[:lTll rrrntr*:kr*
\T.Horizontal stiffeners are needed in plate Which of these statements are correct
girders if the thickness of web as per (a) I and 3 (b) 2 and 3
IS00:1984 is (c) 3 and 4 (d) I and a
(a)<6mm
(b) < d/2oo 10. A welded steel plate beam 1000 mm deep
(c) < L/500 consisting of two flange plate: and a web
(d) Nearly equal to flange thickness plate of l0 mm thickness requires as per
where d: distance between flanges, L : span IS800:1984 islare.
(a) Horizontal stiffeners
08. For welded plate girder with vertical (b) Intermediate vertical stiffeners
stiffeners, what is the maximum depth of web (c) No stiffeners
provisionable in design as per 15800:1984 (d) Vertical and horizontal stiffener
when the thickness of web plate is 5mm?
(a) 425 mm ft) 1000 mm
(c) 1250 mm (d) 2000 mm LEVEL - 1 KEY

09. Consider the following in respect of design of 01. (d) 02.(b) 03. (a) 04. (b) 0s. (d)
web and flange splice
1. Flange splice shall be actual 06. (d) 07. (a) 08. (d) oe.o) 10. (b)
B.M at the section
2. Flange splice shall be designed to resist
actual shear at the section LEVEL - 2 KEY
3. Web splice shall be designed to resist
actual shear at the section
4. Web splice shall be designed actual B.M 01. (c) 02. (b) 03" (d) 04. O) 0s. (a)
at the section
06. (c) 07. (b) 08. (b) 0e. (a) 10. (b)

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 Gantry Girders
LEVEL - 1 QUESTIONS 06. Which of the following loads are to be
considered in designing a gantry girder in an
industrial building supported by heary dufy
01. For gantry girders carrying electrically
cranes'/
operated overhead travelling cranes l"hc
vertical forces are increased by
l. Gravity loads 2. Lateral loads
3. Longitudinal loads 4. Wind loads
(a) 25 o/o of maximum static wheel load
5, Fatigue
(b) l0 % of maximum static wheel load
(c) l0 % of weight of the crab and weight Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
lifted by the crane
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1,2 and 5
(d) 5 % of the weight of the crab and weight
(c) l, 3 and 5 (d) 1,2,3 and 5
lifted by the crane
07. 'Ihe surge loads in gantry girder are
02. When ganff girders carry electrically (a) The gravity loads (b) The lateral loads
operated travelling cranes with heavy loads (c) Longitudinal loads (d) Both (a) and (b)
the deflection should not exceed
(a) L / 500 (b) L / 600 0t3. 'fhe drag loads in gantry girder are
(c)L l7s0 (d) L / looo (a) The gravity loads (b) The lateral loads
(c) Longitudinal loads (d) Both (a) and (c)

03. Gantry girders are usually designed 09 A gantry girder of spanl5m is supported by
(a) A laterally supported beam an electric overhead travelling crane capacity
(b) As Laterally unsupported beam of 750kN, then maximum limiting deflection
(c) For combination of vertical loads and as per IS800:2007 is
either of lateral and longitudinal forces (a) 30mm (b) 25 mm
(d) Both (b) and (c) (c) 20 mm (d) 15 mm

04. Gantry girders are usually designed

10. A laterally unsupported compression flange of
(a) A laterally supported beam beam has been strengthened by channel angle
and plates as shown. Areas of all the mernbers
(b) As Laterally unsupported beam
(c) For combination of vertical loads and added are equal.
Which one of the following options will yield
either of lateral and longitudinal forces
higher allowable stress'/
(d) Both (b) and (c)

05. When gantry girder carrli manually operated

overhead ffavelling cranes, the deflection
should not exceed (where L is
span of gantry girder)
T o)

(a) L/-s00 (b) L/6oo

(c)L1750 (d) L/1000 (d)

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ir,

t 1. Which one of the following sections is the

most efficient for a simply supported gantry TEVEL - 1 KEY
girder?
(a) I-section with equal flanges 01. (a) 02. (d) 03. (d) 04. (d) 0s. (a)
(b) I-section with a channel attached to
06. (d) 07. (b) 08. (c) 0e. (d) 10.(a)
the top flange
(c) I-section with a wide bottom flange 1l.o)
(d) I-section with a heavy plate
connected to the bottom flange

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 Roof Trusses
06. The top chord of a truss rs contlnuous over a
LEVEL - 1 OUESTIONS .joint / apart. The effective length of the
member in the plane perpendicular to ffuss
IS
01. The self weight of a roof truss (N/rn''; rrriry (a) 0.7 I (b) o.8s /
be obtained by (c) 1.0 / (d) l.s /
(a) (span/3 +5) x10 (b) (span/5 +3) x l0
(c) (span/3 - 5) xlO (d) (span/s -3) x l0 07. The protective or decorative non structural
element place at the level of the truss
02.The wind load on a steel truss for lrrr supports and column head is called
industrial building will depend on (a) Eaves girder (b) Baluster
(a) Location of the structure (c) Eaves board (d) Tie girder
(b) Shape of the structure
(c) Shape and height of structure Oft. The purlins in a roof ffuss are placed at
(d) Location, shape and height of thcr nodal points essentially to avoid
structure (a) Axial force in rafter
(b) Shear force in rafter
03. If 'p' is the basic wind pressure, ltlr' (c) Deflection in rafter
buildings with large opening desigrr (d) Bending moment in rafter
pressure on a wall is taken
09. For heavy vibrating loads in industrial
(a) O.sp (b) 0.7p
buildings, the roof trusses are provided with
(c) 1.0p (d) 1.2p (a) Diagonal bracing in the plane of lower
chord members.
04. Which one of the following pairs is (b) Diagonal bracing in the plane of upper
correctly matched?
chord rnembers.
(c) Knee bracing
(a) Truss : Bending (d) Sway bracing
(b) Beam : Twisting
(c) Column . Buckling 10. In the simplified design of angle iron
(d) Shaft : Shortening purlins which one of the following
assurnptions would NOT be valid as per
05. The live load for slopping roof with slopc
IS800: I984?
l5o where is access is not provided to rool' (a) Load component acting normal to the
is taken as
slope is considered
(a) 0.6s kN/m2 (b) 0.75 kN/m2
(b) Bending moment about the minor axis is
(c) 1.35 kN/m2 (d) I.sO kN/m2
considered
(c) Allowable bending stress is not reduced
(d) Slope of the roof should not exceed 30"
 :58 : Steel Structures

(a) Simply supported beam subjected to

LEVEL - 2 QUESTIONS biaxial bending moment
(b) Continuous beam subiected to biaxial
01. A roof truss provided in an industrial bending moment
building with plan dimensions are l5m x (c) Cantilever beam subjected to biaxial
45m. The spacing at which the overall cost bending moment
of roof building is minimum of (O Fixed beam subjected to biaxial
tom bending moment
(a)5m&3m (b)3m&9m
(c)5m&9m (d)sm&15m 06. The live load for slopping roof with slope
25o where is access is not provided to roof
02. The main rafter of a roof ffuss is inclined at is taken as
(a) o.a5 kN/m'z (b) o.6s kN/m2
an angle of 30".No access is provided for (c) 0.75 kN/m'z (d) l.so kN/m2
cleaning and maintenance, and then the
imposed load to be considered for the design 07. Which among the following assumptions
IS are made in the design of roof trusses'/
(a) 1500 N/m2 (b) 750 N/mZ l. Roof truss is restrained by the reactions
(c) 400 N/m'z (d) 3so N/m'/ 2. Axes of the members meeting at a ioint
intersect at a common point
03. A main rafter of roof truss consisting of 3. Riveted joints act as frictionless hinges
double angle section, which one of the 4. Loads actnormal to roof surface
following section will give larger value of Select the correct answer using the codes
minimum radius of gyration? given below:
(a) Equal angles placed back to back on (a) 1,2 and 4 (b)2,3 and4
same side of gusset plate
(c) 1,3 and4 (d) 1,2 and 3
(b) Equal angles placed back to back on
either side of gusset plate
(c) Unequal angle placed back to back TEVEL - 1 KEY
with longer legs
(d) Unequal angle placed back to back 01. (a) 02. (d) 03. (b) 04. (c) 0s. (a)
with shorter legs
06. (c) 07. (c) 08. (d) 0e.O) 10. (b)
04. In a slmmetric roof truss, the angle of
inclination of truss with horizontal is
when pitch of truss is l/2,
(a) 30' (b) 4s"
(c) 60" (d) 22.5"

05. Purlins are used in roof trusses to support

roof loads, As per IS 800.2007 they are to
be desisned as

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 Acad€my :59: Roof Trusses

05. Ans (b)

LEVET - 2 SOLUTIONS
Sol: Gravity load (Self weight of roof sheeting,
01. Ans: (a) self-weight of purlin and live load) on roof
truss is inclined to minor axis of purlin,
Sol: Economic spacing of roof truss
hence purlin member is subjected to bi-axial
l:Ll3 toLl5 bending moments and rest on more than
L:span of the truss : L:15 m two trusses. IS 800:2007 recommended to
design as purlin member
continuous as
Economic spacing of roof truss bearn is
subjected to biaxial bending
l: 7513 to l5/5 : 5 m to 3m rnoment. Hence correct answer is Answer
(t )
02. Ans: (c)
Sol: Slope ofroof0:30o 06. Arrs :(n)
When slope of roof 0 > 10" Sol: t,ive load lbr slopping roof where it is not

Live load 6: 20 (0-10")] N/m2 uccessitrlc is 0.75 kN/m2 if roof anele is

[750 -
:1750 less tlrtn (or) equal to l0o
- 20 (30'-10')l N/m2
:350 N/m2
F'or cvery increase in l" degree of roof
angle live load is decreased by 0.02 kN/m2
Minimum live load > 400 N/m2
.'. Live lond for slopping roof with slope

03. Ans: (c) 25' is -,- 0.75 -(25 - l0) x 0.02

Sol: Unequal angles with their longer legs - 0.4-5 kN/rn2

placed back to back on either side ofgusset 07. Ans: (d)

gives balanced radius of gyration on either Sol: Only wind londs are assumed to act normal
to the roof slope.
buckling axis which will be most
economical arransement for built of section

04. Ans: (b)

Sol:
Pitch of truss : l/2
Slope of truss : tan 0:2 x Pitch of truss

Slope of truss tanO : I

Slope of roof 0 : 45o

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