Structure for Writing Task 2 Problem and Solution

Paragraph 1- Introduction
Paragraph 2- Problems
Paragraph 3- Solutions
Paragraph 4- Conclusion
At a sentence level, your structure should look like this:
Introduction 
1- Paraphrase question
2- Outline sentence
Problem 
3- State problems
4- Explain first problem
5- Explain second problem
6- Example of second problem
Solution
7- State solutions
8- Explain solution to first problem
9- Explain solution to second problem
10- Example of solution to second problem
Conclusion 
Sentence 11- Summary of main points in paragraphs 2 and 3

Essay
Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans faces in the 21st Century, and sea levels
are continuing to rise at alarming rates.
What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.

Climate change is among the principal dangers facing people this century, and ocean levels
are increasing dramatically. This essay will first suggest that the biggest problems caused by
this phenomenon are the loss of land and the flooding of homes and then argue that pollution
reduction and building flood protection are the most viable solutions.
The foremost problems caused by climbing sea levels are that land is being lost and peoples’
residences are often flooded. As water levels rise, low-lying land is submerged and many
countries become smaller. Furthermore, millions of people all over the world live in coastal
areas, and if the sea rises by even a few feet, they are inundated with water and lose their
property. The devastation brought about by this was clear for all to see during the 2011
Tsunami in Japan, in which millions of people were displaced.
Possible solutions to these problems would be to reduce the amount of pollution being
created and to build flood barriers. If each person reduces their carbon footprint, the negative
effects on the environment will be reduced and this will mean that the water level will stop
rising. Furthermore, flood defenses, such as dikes, dams, and floodgates, could be built along
coasts and waterways, thereby stopping the water reaching populated areas. The Netherlands
is one of the most populated areas in the world and also one of the most vulnerable to
flooding and they have successfully employed various flood defense systems.
To conclude, stemming the rising tides caused by increasing global temperatures is one of
the foremost challenges we face and it will ultimately lead to some countries losing landmass
and many of the worlds’ cities being left underwater, but possible solutions could be to
protect our environment and to utilize the flood prevention techniques already used by
countries like Holland.

1. One problem faced by almost every large city is traffic congestion.

What do you think the causes are? What solutions can you suggest?
2. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the number of endangered species has increased
significantly and we have witnessed more mass extinctions in this period than in any other
period of time. State some reasons for this and provide possible solutions.