NDE Procedures RT, MPI, DPT, HARDNESS, HEAT TREATMENT

INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION SERVICES LTD
Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001

Rev: 13A Date: 31.01.2019 Page: 1 of 14
OPERATION CONTROLS - PROCEDURE
HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE

EPC FOR INTERCONNECTING FEED TO THE
PROJECT DESCRIPTION : CONDENSATE STABILIZATION UNITES IN ASAB-1
PLANT
CLIENT : ADNOC GAS PROCESSING
CONTRACTOR : C&J GEM LLC/PETROMEN/FEES
Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 1 of 14

This document is a property of INSPEC and for use by its authorized personnel only. Use of this Procedure by non-
INSPEC Organizations is by specific agreement. This document is subject for revisions and only the latest revision stands
current. Approved Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical manager. This
document shall not be reproduced without the written consent of INSPEC. Controlled Distribution Copy Holders will
receive current versions
REVISION CONTROL
Revision
Changes Remarks
Number & Date
00
New Issue -
JUNE 2005
01
Sec IX added -
SEPTEMBER 05
Sec 2: Revised.
02
th Sec 9.2: Revised. -
24 JUNE 07
Sec 12: Renamed and revised in its entirety.
03 Sec 2 Revised
Addenda 2009 added
20th December 2009 Sec 9 Revised
04 Sec 2 Revised
Edition 2010
21st December 2010 Sample Report Format Revised
05
Sec 3.1 Revised -
14th June 2011
06
Sec 2 Revised Addenda 2011a incorporated.
04th December 2011
07
Sec 2 revised Edition 2013
17.08.2013
08 Sec 2,6,8,9 revised & subsequent sections
Comments Incorporated.
14.02.2015 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 renumbered
09
Sec 6, 15.2, Attachments 1, 2 & 3 revised Comments incorporated
20.07.2015
10 Para 10.1 revised
Comments incorporated
03.09.2015 WPS for Capacitor Discharge Welding attached
11 ASME BPV Code 2015 edition
Para 2.0: Revised.
22.11.2015 requirements incorporated.
12 Sec 2 revised ASME BPV Code 2017 edition
09.09.2017 requirements incorporated.
13 Sec 2 revised
General comments incorporated
26.04.2018 Latest report format added
Para 1.1
13A Sec 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15
Project Specific
31.01.2019 Attachments revised

This document is a property of INSPEC and for use by its authorized personnel only. Use of this Procedure by non-INSPEC
Organizations is by specific agreement. This document is subject for revisions and only the latest revision stands current.
Approved Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical Manager. This document
shall not be reproduced without the written consent of INSPEC. Controlled Distribution Copy Holders will receive current
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INDEX
Clause Page
Description of Content
Ref... Ref.
1 Scope 4
2 Reference Documents 4
3 Personnel Qualification & Safety 4
4 Equipment and Material 5
5 Surface Condition and Precautions 5
6 Heat Treatment Control Zones and Requirements 5
7 PWHT requirements 6
8 Procedure for PWHT 6
9 Heating elements 7
10 Thermocouples 7
11 Temperature records 8
12 Thermal insulations 8
13 Temperature cycle Post heating 9
14 Heat Treatment Instruction 9
15 Method Statement for temporary Attachments of Thermocouples for 9
PWHT
16 Documentation 10
Attachment -1: Report Format 12
Attachment –2: Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) for Temporary 13
Attachment of Thermocouples for Post Weld Heat Treatment
Attachment-3: Heat Treatment Instuction Sheet 14

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1 Scope:
1.1 This procedure is to specify the minimum requirements for the preheating, post heating and post
weld heat treatment (PWHT) of welds and associated heat affected zones made of Carbon Steel
D
by Electric Resistance Method.
1.2 Heat Treatment cycle / Temperature requirements, rate of heating, holding time, and rate of
cooling shall be as per applicable governing document.
2 Reference Documents:
The following documents shall be referred to in conjunction with these instructions.
2.1 ASME B 31.3: 2016 editions.

2.2 DGS-6300-001
2.3 DGS-0000-002
3 Personnel Qualification & Safety:
3.1 QUALIFICATION
The technicians utilized in this application shall have adequate working experience and
knowledge of the electrical workings and safety aspects of the equipment being utilized. The
technicians responsible shall be capable of understanding and applying the relevant heating
procedure and specification set down by the applicable fabrication drawings or governing
document.
3.2 SAFETY
Personnel employed for heat treatment shall be trained to be aware of the potential hazards
associated with the employment of electrical equipment. They shall ensure that the facilities are
adequate regarding lighting, scaffolding etc. prior to commencement of operations.

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4 Equipment and Material:
Electrical Resistance Method Set

a. 65kVA Transformer – 01 no.
b. Triple Cable Set – 06 nos.
c. Programmer – 01 no.
d. 2.7kW Heating Coils (Required Size) – 18 nos.
e. Recorder – 01 no.
f. Thermocouple Attachment Unit – 01 no.
Required Power will be 415V, 3 phase, 90Amp per HT Set.
The recording of temperature shall be achieved by means of temperature/time plotters in the

calibrated chart type temperature recorder. Calibration certificate of recorder and thermocouples
shall be available at site upon request by inspector/ client.
5 Surface Conditions and Precautions:
5.1 Welds to be heat treated shall be prepared only to the extent necessary to avoid damage or short
circuiting of elements i.e. free of coatings, grease etc. within the heated area.
5.2 As precautionary measure, additional supports/ stiffeners if required shall be provide in order to
minimize / avoid possible distortion during PWHT.
6 Heat Treatment control zones & requirements:
6.1 Post weld heat treatment shall be conducted by heating either the entire test item/ component or
by heating a circumferential soak band around the entire circumferences of pipe, generally
termed as local heat treatment. The portion of the pipe outside the circumferential soak band
shall be protected so that the temperature gradient is not harmful. The soak band contain weld,
HAZ and portion of base material. Minimum width of soak band shall be width of weld plus 1t
or 50mm whichever is less
6.2 When local heat treatment is conducted, the following control zones shall be specified.

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6.2.1 Soak Band: The region around the area of interest of the piping that will be heated
uniformly to the required PWHT temperature. The soak band encompasses a circular
region in the tangential and radial direction starting from the edge of the welded or repair
area or welded attachement that will be subjected to PWHT.
6.2.2 Heating Band: Heating band is the region that encompasses the application of heat for
PWHT and the minimum heating band shall be 5¥DT and the minimum insulation width
shall be 10¥DT where D=inside diameter in mm and T= wall thickness in mm.
6.2.3 The gradient Control Band (GCB) shall be kept as low as possible in all directions to
avoid harmful temperature gradients adjacent to nozzle or geometric discontinuities.
6.2.4 For PWHT of branch welds, repair welds, and external attachment welds, the temperature
differential within Gradient Control Band measured at the outside edge of the SB and the
temperature measured at the outside edge of the HB shall not exceed one half of the peak
soak PWHT temperature.
6.2.5 For heat treatment of Repair welds: Heat local area around the branch, repair area such
that the area is brought up uniformly to the required PWHT temperature.The application
of Local PWHT should be performed with controlled heating method, such as induction
or electric resistance heaters, and employing thermocouples to monitor PWHT
temperature. The soak band shall extend tangentially and radially from the edge of the
branch, repair area equally by minimum distance as defined by the thickness of the pipe, t
or 2in. (50 mm), whichever is less.
7. Post weld heat treatment shall be required under the following conditions: -
7.1 All CS welds (butt & fillet) in sour service shall require PWHT irrespective of diameter,
thickness.
8 Procedure For PWHT:
All temperatures and holding time shall be in accordance with Heat treatment instruction sheet in
Attachment 3.
If more restrictive specific requirements stated in the Contract / project / client’s specification than
the code of construction shall be addressed in the Heat Treatment Instruction as per Clause 14.

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9 Heating Elements: D
9.1 Heating elements of Ni-Cr (80% - 20%) wire of suitable gauge (rating from 8G to 20G)
insulated with porcelain beads, having various outputs depending on the requirements, either in
the form of coils or pads, shall be arranged around and on the weld portion and heated
electrically.
9.2 The power to the Heating Element is controlled by the temperature regulator and as well as by
on / off switch manually.
9.3 The work or joint shall be firmly supported and adequately earthed, prior to start of the heating
cycle.
9.4 Ensure to use sufficient heating elements for branch welds to prevent loss of temperature due to
atmosphere interference.
9.5 Normally 3 set of heating elements shall be wired around the joint. One of each side of the
weld and the third at the centre of the weld.
9.6 For pipe diameter greater than 8” the heating elements shall be divided into two or more
control zones as required.
9.7 The heaters shall be set so that the gap between them is not more than the thickness of the pipe
or 2” which ever is the lesser.
10 Thermocouples:
10.1 The thermocouples shall be K (chromal – alumal) colour code (Red / Yellow) type wire and
fixed by Capacitor Discharge Welding using Thermocouple welding / tacking unit as described
in the ‘Method Statement for temporary attachments of Thermocouples’ for Post Weld Heat
Treatment as stated in Clause 15 and Attachment-2 (WPS for Capacitor Discharge Welding).
The energy output shall be limited to 125 W-Sec. The thermocouple extension wires shall be
matching one i.e. kx. The recording by different colors and location shall be marked on the
report clearly for each thermocouple. Qualification of the WPS for Capacitor Discharge
Welding is not required.
10.2 The thermocouple locations for Piping joints is as mentioned in heat treatment instruction sheet
in Attachment 3.

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11 Temperature Records:
Continuous plotting of temperature versus time during the heat treatment cycle shall be done on
charts.
Temperature records shall be of potentiometric self-compensating type having chart feed recording.
The chart speed shall be set either at 25mm/h or 50mm/h and shall record monitoring of all the
thermo couples provide information on temperature difference and trends during the heating /
cooling cycle.
Any section of the time / temperature chart shall record only the treatment of those welds
undergoing the same cycle.
Records shall be calibrated at intervals not exceeding 12 months or after any repair. Calibration
certificate shall accompany the calibrating instrument.
12 Thermal Insulation:
Ceramic Fibre Insulation 128 kg/m3 density and required thickness (for electrical resistance only).
The insulation shall extend a minimum distance of 150 mm beyond the edge of the heating band
(for electric resistance) D
The actual thickness of the insulation shall be determined by:
- Gradient requirements
- Site conditions
- wall thickness and pipe/fitting diameter (for electric resistance)
But in all cases the minimum requirement shall be two layers for those densities given above.
Insulation shall be fixed using black annealed iron wire taking care not to damage or cut into the
insulation.
When heat treatment is applied locally, a circumferential band of the run pipe, and of the branch
where applicable, shall be heated until the specified temperature range exits over the entire pipe
section (s), The temperature gradient beyond the soak band PWHT shall be such that a minimum
(DT)1/2 where D= inside diameter in mm and T= wall thickness in mm.

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13 Temperature cycle for Post Weld Heat Treatment:
Post-weld heat treatment shall be carried out as per the Heat Treatment Instruction Sheet: -
If more restrictive requirement is stated in the contract / Project / Client Specification to the Code
of Construction shall be addressed in the PWP/ITP as applicable
14 Heat Treatment Instruction:
Prior to starting PWHT a work instruction (Heat treatment Instruction) shall be prepared for each
type of piping system. (Refer Attachment 3)
The Heat Treatment Instruction shall have the following details, but not limited to:
a) Wall thickness
b) Material specification
c) Loading Temperature
d) Controlled heating starts from : 250°C
e) Heating rate : 150°C/hr max.
f) Soak temperature : 620°C ± 10°C
g) Soak time : 2 hrs (min)
h) Cooling rate upto : 250°C
i) Insulation removal : After metal reached 50°C
j) Deviation / Tolerance (gradient) with respect to heating / Soaking / Cooling temperature and
time range
15 Method Statement for Temporary Attachments of Thermocouples For PWHT:
15.1 PURPOSE
This procedure describes the equipment to be used and the operation to perform for the
temporary attachment of thermocouples wires by means of thermocouples spot welder for
Post Weld Heat Treatment.
15.2 REFERENCE
The following shall apply unless otherwise stated:

a. ASME B 31.3: 2016 editions.

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15.3 MATERIALS
This procedure is applied for attachment of thermocouples in Cr-Cr/A1 on materials

belonging to the following P. Nos. P-1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9A-9B-11.
15.4 EQUIPMENTS
The equipment for thermocouples’ welding / tacking may be of capacitor discharge

welding type (Resistance Spot Welder) or equivalent.
The welding / tacking unit shall have the energy output limited to 125 Watt-Sec.
The Resistance Spot Welder Unit employed for this purpose may have the following
characteristics:
- Recharge voltage 220 V-AC.
- Service voltage 12 V-DC
- Welding voltage 55-88 V.
- Power absorption 15 VA.
Maximum energy output 100 W-Sec.
15.5 OPERATION SEQUENCE
15.5.1 Charge the thermocouple-tacking unit.

15.5.1 Cleaned the area to be joined using suitable brush / grinding wheel / emery sheet, as
applicable.
15.5.2 Connect the ground contact magnet with item to be heat-treated. The thermocouple
shall be gripped by the gun connected to the positive pole of the Spot Welder Unit
and held at the locally cleaned area to be joined.
15.5.3 Switch on the Spot Welder-Tacking Unit by maintaining the contact of
thermocouple with area to be joined for few seconds until the perfect bonding takes
place.
16 Documentation:
The plotted temperature / time chart shall be considered as a record of the complete heating cycle
containing the following data:
16.5.1 Client / Job Name

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16.5.2 Chart / Report Number

16.5.3 Date
16.5.4 Procedure / Heat Treatment Instruction (Ref. No.)
16.5.5 Recorder No.
16.5.6 Chart Speed
16.5.7 Identification of item
16.5.8 Material Type, grade and thickness
16.5.9 No. of Thermocouples & Thermocouple Location
16.5.10 Comments / Remarks, if any
16.5.11 Technician Name

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ATTACHMENT-1
Sample Report Format

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Attachment – 2
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (WPS) FOR TEMPORARY
ATTACHMENT OF THERMOCOUPLES FOR POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
1 Organization: International Inspection Services

2 Welding procedure specification no. WPS/CDW/TA/ASME/001
3 Revision no. 00 Date: 09.09.2017
4 Reference Code: ASME Sec VIII Div. 1: UCS 56: 2017
5 Welding process: Capacitor discharge Type: Manual
6 Materials to be joined: Thermocouple: K type Cr- Cr/Al
7 Base metals: P nos. 1,3,5,6,7,8,9A, 9B & 11
8 Equipment: Resistance spot welder unit: AEC -TSW3
Recharge voltage: 220V AC
Service Voltage: 12V-DC
9 Technique of application: Capacitor discharge

10 Maximum energy output: 100 W- Sec.
11 Electrical characteristics: No. of pass: One
Process: Capacitor discharge
Current type: DC
Energy output: 100 W-sec (max).
Welding voltage: 55 – 88 Volts
Power absorption: 15 VA
¥ ¥ Prepared by ¥ ¥ Reviewed & approved by ¥

¥ ¥ Date: ¥ ¥ Date: ¥

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Attachment – 3
Heat Treatment Instruction Sheet
up to

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Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001

Rev: 06A Date: 0 31.01.2019 Page: 1 of 21
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
PLANT
Document No. : INS/ ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 1 of 21
Approved Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical manager. This document
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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
REVISION CONTROL
Revision Number
Changes Remarks
& Date
00
New Issue New Edition
20 August 2006
01
Latest edition -
14th April 2010
02 Sec 2 Revised Latest Edition Added 2010
th
04 December 2011 Report Format Revised
03 Sec 2 revised
Latest edition 2012 added
10th March 2012 Annexure III
04 Latest edition added
th Sec 2 & Report Format revised
27 September 2015 General comments Incorporated
Sec 2
05 Latest code edition
th Annexure III
09 September 2017 incorporated
Report format revised
06 Sec 2 Latest code editions and general
26th April 2018 Report format revised comments incorporated
Para 1.1
06A
st Sec 2 Client comments incorporated
31 January 2019
Para 13.2
Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 2 of 21

Organizations is by specific agreement. This document is subject for revisions and only the latest revision stands current. Approved
Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical manager. This document shall not be
reproduced without the written consent of INSPEC. Controlled Distribution Copy Holders will receive current versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
INDEX
Clause
Description of Content Page Ref.
Ref...
1 Scope 4
3 Extent of examination 4
4 Performance Demonstration 5
5 Personnel Qualification 5
6 Test Equipment and materials 5
7 Film Quality 6
8 Surface Condition 7
9 Scattered Radiation 7
10 Radiographic Film Viewing 7
11 Method 8
12 Documentation / Storage of Films 13
13 Acceptance Criteria 14
ANNEXURE
Annexure I - Single Wall Technique 15
Annexure II - Double Wall Technique 16
Annexure III - Acceptance Criteria 18
Annexure IV - Sample Report Format 21

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
1. Scope:
1.1 This Non-destructive Examination Procedure details the minimum requirements for conducting
Radiographic Examination of full penetration butt-welds in pipings and associated components made
of Carbon steels up to 25 mm wall thickness using Gamma Ray as radiation source whenever such
type of examination is deemed necessary by applicable codes.
1.2 Typical types of discontinuities that can be detected by this method are cracks, incomplete fusion,
incomplete penetration, misalignment, overlap, porosity, root-concavity, undercut, burn-through,
excessive/ inadequate reinforcement, inclusions, etc.
2.1 The following documents are referred:
2.1.1 ASME B 31.3: Process Piping. Ed: 2016

2.1.2 ASME Section V Ed: 2017
2.1.3 ASNT SNT TC 1A Ed: 2006.
2.1.4 INSPE Written Practice INS/SNT/WP/01 Rev 03
2.1.5 DGS-6300-001
2.1.6 DGS-0000-002
3 Extent of Examination:
3.1 The extent of examination shall be as per applicable construction-Code requirements / project
specifications and client directives.
3.2 Relevant INSPEC personnel are required to be aware of the requirements of this Procedure and suitably
qualified and, certified by INSPEC for implementation.
3.3 When used by non-INSPEC Organizations, the necessary agreements will need to be effected with
INSPEC and a reference to this Procedure shall be made appropriately by the Organizations.
3.4 In general, demonstration of the density and IQI image requirements of the procedure on production or
technique radiographs shall be considered as satisfactory compliance with the procedure. However,
whenever required or asked by client, a technique sheet with all the parameters mentioned therein shall
be attached to the procedure or a reference to the technique shall be made.
3.5 Any revision to this Procedure will as a minimum require review and acceptance by the Appointed NDT
Level III and approval by INSPEC.
3.6 Users of this Procedure shall verify the applicability with respect to requirements.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
4 Performance demonstration:
4.1 When required by referencing Code Section or per Client requirements, performance demonstration shall
be carried out and documented as report with the variables used. Copies of such reports shall be
maintained by INSPEC.
5 Personnel Qualification:
5.1. All INSPEC personnel performing Radiographic Examination using this Procedure shall be qualified to
a minimum of Level II in accordance with INSPEC written practice in compliance with ASNT SNT
TC-1A.
5.2. Interpretation and evaluation of radiographs shall be done by only Level II certified personnel in
radiography with sufficient experience.
5.3. Personnel performing Examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, to enable to read
Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 300mm and differentiate the contrast
between the colors or shades of gray, and records of such vision test shall be maintained by INSPEC.
5.4. Personnel conducting Radiographic Examination shall be competent in conducting the testing as
described in this Procedure.
5.5. Where required by a specific Code, existing Personnel Qualification shall be verified for applicability as
to the Code conditions.
5.6. Personnel conducting Radiographic Examination should be aware of the safe-practice requirements
during examination. Radiography personnel shall be "classified" and operate in conjunction with the
INSPEC Radiation Safety Manual. All personnel shall adhere to each Client’s specific safety
requirements and ensure scaffolding, lighting and access is sufficient to perform the work in a safe
manner.
6. Test Equipment and materials:

6.1. Equipment:- The equipment utilized by INSPEC is Gamma-ray Remote Control projector containing
Iridium-192 Radioactive Isotope or Selenium-75 Gamma Ray source.
NOTE: Selection of actual source type is depended on material & thickness, sensitivity requirments etc.
As a general guide for Gamma Ray, Se-75 source can be used for steel thicknesses 6mm and below,
whereas for higher thicknesses Ir-192 can be used. However, the radiation energy employed for any
radiographic technique shall achieve the density and IQI image requirements of Article-2 of ASME sec
V.
6.2. Source Size:- Maximum source size that will be utilized shall be less than the dimensions indicated
below
Active sizes (Dia x h) mm – 3.0 x 3.0 Diagonal (active part) mm – 4.2

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Note: Verification of Source Size. The equipment manufacturer’s or supplier’s certification statement,
technical manuals, decay curves, or written statements documenting the actual or maximum source
size or focal spot, shall be acceptable for source size verification.
6.3. Film selection:- Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film. AGFA-D4 / KODAK-
MX 125/FUJI IX 50 (Table 6-1). Prior to purchase and during storage at site the film will be stored by
the supplier in a temperature controlled building to ensure the quality of film supplied. After exposure,
radiographs shall be kept together with log sheets and marked up drawings submitted to client for
storage. The package shall allow for at least three years shelf life.
Table 6-1
Type Speed Contrast Graininess Example

1 Slow Very Very Fine AGFA D4 (165) / KODAK MX
High 125/FUJI IX 50
Screens: - Lead intensifying screens shall be utilized and shall be of good quality to prevent screen
marks on film and be of 0.125 mm thick placed at both the front and back of the film inside the
cassette.
7. Film Quality
7.1. Film Processing:-All films shall be processed in accordance with ASTM SE-999 or paragraphs 23
through 26 of standard guide for Radiographic examination SE-94 and or manufacturers
recommendations, with careful attention given to time, temperature and chemical mixtures to ensure
radiograph is free from darkroom induced defects i.e. light fogging. Adequate washing is required to
achieve conditions for maximum storage life.
7.2. Film Handling:- Film shall be handled in such a manner that the emulsion is not damaged and
fingerprints or other marks are not caused on the film, before, during and after processing.
7.3. Quality:- All radiographs shall be free of the following defects that may interfere with the satisfactory
interpretation of the weld image.
a) Mechanical damage such as scratches, static tears crimp pressure or similar handling marks.
b) Chemical interference due to fogging, processing marks, stains or the like.
c) Radiographic defects caused by dirty or damaged screens or poor screen contact.
7.4 Interpretation: -Only qualified personnel having valid Level II certificate in Radiography as well as
sufficient practical experience in interpretation and evaluation of radiographs shall interpret
radiographs, such interpretation shall be in accordance with the appropriate applicable specification as

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
advised by client in writing.
7.5 Viewing Conditions: - Radiographs shall be viewed in subdued background lighting. The viewer shall
have sufficient intensity to view areas of interest on the radiograph with an even diffused light to the
maximum density required and any extraneous areas of illumination shall be masked to avoid glare or
distraction. During viewing film will be handled by the edges to avoid finger marks on the films and
they will be kept in folders to avoid scratches.
7.6 Densitometer:- Calibrated densitometer shall be used calibration shall be performed as per Article 2,
T-262.1 of Sec V on NIST calibrated step tablet or the step wedge film having at least five steps with
neutral densities from at least 1.0 thru 4.0, traceable to National Standards. Such calibration shall be
performed at least every 90 days during use and documented, but the actual readings for each step do
not have to be recorded. Periodic calibration check shall be performed at the beginning of each shift,
after 8 hr of continuous use, or after change of apertures, whichever comes first. The densitometer
shall be acceptable if the readings are within ±0.05 of the calibration readings determined. Periodic
check need not be documented.
8 Surface Condition
8.1 Weld to be examined shall be free of irregularities such as weld ripples, spatter, grinding or chipping
marks or other irregularities, which may mask successful interpretation of the radiographs.
9 Scattered Radiation
When performing radiography near to the ground or close to other structures scattered radiation may cause a
reduction in film quality, thus a lead symbol "B" of min. size 1/2" H x 1/16" THK shall be attached to the
back of the film cassette if the white symbol "B" is evident then adequate precautions should be taken by
shielding the cassette with lead sheets. Dark symbol "B" image shall be disregarded, as long as the image
does not mask any indications of weld imperfections.
10 Radiographic Film Viewing & Location Markers
10.1 Single Wall Viewing

a. Source Side Markers: Location markers shall be placed on the source side when doing radiography
of the following:
1. Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components.
2. Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the
“source-to-material” distance is less than the inside radius of the component.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
3. Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.

b. Film Side Markers: Location markers shall be placed on the film side when performing radiographs
either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the
“source-to-material” distance is greater than the inside radius.
As an alternative to source side placement in 10.1a Location markers may be placed on the film side
when the radiograph shows coverage beyond the location markers to the extent demonstrated, and
when this alternate is documented.
c. Either Side Markers: - Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side,
when radio graphing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the
source and the “source-to-material” distance equals the inside radius of the component.
10.2 Double-wall viewing: - For double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed on
the source side surface adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each
radiograph.
10.3 Radiographic Technique: - A single wall exposure technique shall be used whenever practical. When
it is not possible to use single wall technique a double wall technique shall be used. However adequate
number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained
11. Method
11.1 Procedure Qualification and approval:- Whenever specified by project specification, activities
performing NDT shall develop and maintain a written procedure for each radiographic technique &
Certification statement shall be part of this written procedure and signed by the cognizant examiner.
See attached radiography technique sheet. This procedure is to be performed only before start of any
project.
11.2 Identification of Radiographs:- Subject to no other client’s requirements the following information
shall appear on the radiograph:
a) Client’s symbol / Name

b) Drawing / Line No
c) Pipe Size
d) Weld No
e) Welders No
f) Job No
g) Date
h) Repair Reference e.g. R1,R2 or Rw
i) Location Marker

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
11.2.1. Each weld shall have a unique identification reference marked in such a manner to permit the
case of identification of individual welds and areas of defects within the weld.
11.2.2 Lead location markers shall be used with approximate height of 6mm and 1.5 mm thick forming
part of a metric number tape marked clearly in intervals covering the whole circumference of the
weld.
a) over 88.9mm O/D to 508mm O/D = every 50mm
b) over 508mm O/D = every 100mm
11.3 Density:- The film density is the degree of blackening and shall be checked using a calibrated
densitometer
D = Log (Io/It)
Where D = Density
Io = Light intensity incident on film
It = Light intensity transmitted through the film
The density shall be 1.8 to 4.0 for single film viewing for Radiographs made with X-Ray source and
2.0 to 4.0 for Radiographs made with Gamma Ray source in the area being examined for acceptance
For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a
minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A
tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings. In any case
variations shall not be -15% or +30% of the required density through the area of interest. However if
the density of the radiograph any where through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or
plus 30% from density through the body of hole penetrameter or adjacent to designated wire of wire
type penetrameter within the min / max allowable density range, then an additional penetrameter shall
be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiographs retaken. When calculating the allowable
variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
11.5 Image Quality Indicators:- ASTM IQI Wire type shall be as per SE 747.
SET A SET B SET C SET D
Wire Dia Wire Dia Wire Dia Wire Dia

Inch (mm) / Wire No Inch (mm) / Wire No Inch (mm) / Wire No Inch (mm) / Wire No
0.0032 (0.08) / 1 0.010 (0.25) / 6 0.032 (0.81) / 11 0.100 (2.54) / 16
0.004 (0.10) / 2 0.013(0.33 ) / 7 0.040 (1.02) / 12 0.126 (3.20) / 17
0.005 (0.13) / 3 0.016 (0.41) / 8 0.050 (1.27) / 13 0.160 (4.06) / 18
0.0063 (0.16) / 4 0.020 (0.51) / 9 0.063 (1..60) / 14 0.200 (5.08) / 19
0.008 (0.20) / 5 0.025 (0.64) /10 0.080 (2.03) / 15 0.250 (6.35) / 20
0.010 (0.25) / 6 0.032 (0.81) / 11 0.100 (2.54) / 16 0.320 (8.13) / 21
11.6 Placement of I.Q.I:- Placement of penetrameter shall be in accordance to the following table II.
TABLE II. Penetrameter place for welds.
Weld length Minimum
Configuration
(mm) no. of IQI Penetrameter placement
Welds in curved At the center of the area of interest
surfaces less than 127 and less 1
609.6mm in diameter
(on one film) Greater than 2 One at the extremity and one at the
127 center of the area of interest/or two at
the extremity.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Welds in flat surfaces

and curved surfaces Less than 254 1 At the center of the area of interest.
609.6mm and greater
diameter (includes
longitudinal welds in 254 up to and 2 One placed at each extremity of the area
pipes and pressure including 432 of interest.
vessels)
(on one film)
Greater than 3 One placed at each extremity and one at
432 the center of the area of interest.
Essential circular (non- Unlimited Approximately 180 degrees apart at the
cylindrical welds on 2 extremity of the area being inspected.
one film)
Cylindrical welds
radiographed Unlimited 4 One in each quadrant
simultaneously using a
series of film or a
single length of roll
film (panoramic
exposure)
Repairs in cylindrical
welds initially Unlimited 1 One in each affected quadrant provided
radiographed using the technique used is the same as the
panoramic exposure initial radiography.
technique
Note-1: For techniques refer Annexure I & II
Note-2: Placement of Penetrameters

a. Source Side Penetrameter(s). : The penetrameter(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being
examined, except for the condition described in (b).
When configuration or size prevents placing the penetrameter(s) on the part or weld, the
penetrameter(s) may be placed on a separate block. Separate blocks shall be made of the same or
radiographically similar materials and may be used to facilitate penetrameter positioning. There is no
restriction on the separate block thickness, provided the penetrameters are of density tolerance
requirements.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
1. The penetrameter on the source side of the separate block shall be placed no closer to the
film than the source side of the part being radiographed.
2. The separate block shall be placed as close as possible to the part being radiographed.
3. The block dimensions shall exceed the penetrameter dimensions such that the outline of at
least three sides of the penetrameter image shall be visible on the radiograph.
b. Film side penetrameter(s). Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing, the penetrameter(s) shall be
placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter “F”, at least as high as the
penetrameter identification number(s), shall be placed adjacent to or on the penetrameter(s), but shall
not mask the essential hole where hole penetrameters are used.
11.7 IQI SELECTION:

Penetrameter (Essential wire)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nominal Source Side Film Side
Single-Wall ---------------------------------- -----------------------------------
Material Thickness Wire Type Wire Type
Range, mm. Essential wire Essential wire
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Up to 6.4, include. 5 4
Over 6.4 through 9.5 6 5
Over 12.7 through 19 8 7
Over 19 through 25.4 9 8
Over 38.1 through 50.8 11 10
Over 50.8 through 63.5 12 11
Over 63.5 through 101.6 13 12
Over 101.6 through 152.4 14 13
11.8 Geometrical Unsharpness:-Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in

accordance with the formula below.
Ug = F x d
D
Where
Ug = geometric unsharpness
F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the effective focal spot.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radigraphed, mm.

d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film, mm.
Note : Refer to Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing SE-94 for a method of determining
geometric unsharpness. Alternatively a nomograph as shown in standard guide for radiographic
testing SE-94 may be used.
11.6.1 Geometric Unsharpness Limitations:-
The following table outlines geometric un-sharpness values as described in ASME Sec V.
Material Ug
Thickness (mm) Maximum (mm)
Under 50 0.51
50 through 75 0.76
Over 75 through 100 1.02
Greater than 100 1.78
However, according to ASME Sec VIII, Div 1 & 2, the geometric un-sharpness values in the
above table are to be used only as a guide. Final acceptance of the Radiographs shall be based on
the ability to see the prescribed penetrameter image and the specified hole or the designated wire
of a wire penetrameter.
Note: Material thickness is the thickness on which the penetrameter is based.
11.9 Diagnostic Film Length: - Consideration will be given to each exposure ensuring the thickness of the
material penetrated at the extremities of the readable area of interest which is measured in the direction
of the incident beam at that point, does not exceed 10% of the thickness being examined.
12. Documentation / Storage of Films:
12.1 Report: - Radiography reports shall contain the following as a minimum
(a) Client (m) screen type & thickness

(b) Project (n) IQI identity & type
(c) Job Number (o) film manufacture / type
(d) Report Number (p) Radiographic technique
(e) Date of Test (q) Radiographic sensitivity
(f) Test location (r) No. of exposure / No. of film/cassette

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
(g) Material / Dimension and Thickness (s) source size or focal spot/Isotope type/X-ray voltage
(h) Drawing Number (t) Radiographic density
(i) Weld Number / Welder Number (u) Acceptance criteria
(j) Minimum source to object distance (v) Technician name / signature
(k) Distance from Source side of object (w) Evaluation / Disposition
to the film at the minimum source to object distance
(l) Base material Type, thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement
12.2 Film storage:- Radiographs shall be stored after acceptance of the Client as per line or drawing
number sequences for easy traceability whenever the need arises and shall be the responsibility of
the Client.
13. Acceptance Criteria
13.1 Refer annexure –III for acceptance / rejection criteria in accordance with ASME B 31.3.
13.2 Any obtained/noted indication(s) regardless of its size (both linear & rounded indications) shall
be reported to ADNOC Gas Processing Inspection personnel for further evaluation/decision.

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure-I
SINGLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Pipe Exposure Radiograph Source-Weld-Film Arrangement IQI Penetrameter Location

O. D. Technique Viewing Marker
Placement
End View Side View Selection Placement
Film
T-276 Source Side Either Side

And Table T-277.1(a) T-275.3
T-276 T-275.1(c )
Single-Wall : Single –wall
T-271.1
Any
Film Side T-
Exposure Arrangement - A 277.1 (b)
Single-Wall : Single –wall T-276 Source Side Film Side

T-271.1 And Table T-277.1(a) T-275.1
T-276 (b) (1)
Any
Film
Film Side
Exposure Arrangement - B
T-277.1 (b)
Single-Wall : Single –wall T-276 Source Side Source Side

T-271.1 And Table T-277.1(a) T-275.1
T-276 (a) (3)
Any
Film Side T-
Film 277.1 (b)
Exposure Arrangement - C

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure-II
DOUBLE – WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Placement
Optional
Double-Wall : Single –wall Source T-276 Source Side Either Side
T-271.2 Location And Table T-277.1(a) T-275.1
(a) T-276 (b) (1)
At Least 3
Exposures
Any 120° To Each
Other For
Complete
Coverage
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Film
Exposure Arrangement - D
Optional
Double-Wall : Single- wall Source T-276 Source Side Either Side
T-271.2 Location And Table T-277.1(a) T-275.1
Any (a) T-276 (b) (1)
At Least 3
Exposures
120° To Each
Other For
Complete
Coverage
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Film
Exposure Arrangement - E

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure-II
DOUBLE – WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Placement
3 1/ 2″ Double- Double-Wall Source T-276 Source Side Either side

(88mm) Wall : (Ellipse): And Table T-277.1(b) T 275.2
or less T-271.2 Read Offset T-276
(b) (1) Source Side
At Least 2 And Film Side
Exposures Images
At 90° To
Each Other
For
Complete
Coverage
Film
Exposure Arrangement - F
Source
3 1/ 2″ Double- Double-Wall : T-276 Source Side Either Side
(88mm) Wall : Read Super- And Table T-277.1(b) T-275.2
or less T-271.2 Imposed
(B) (2) Source Side T-276
At Least 3 And Film Side
Exposures Images
At 60° Or
120° To
Each Other
For F
Complete
Coverage
Film
Exposure Arrangement - G

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure-III
RT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

PROCEDURE (PIPING)

PROCEDURE (PIPING)

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure-IV Sample Report Format

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/MT/001

Rev: 06A Date: 0 31.01.2019 Page: 1 of 11
MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
PLANT
Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/MT/001 Rev. 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 1 of 11

This document is a property of INSPEC and for use by its authorized personnel only. Use of this Procedure by non-
INSPEC Organizations is by specific agreement. This document is subject for revisions and only the latest revision stands
current. Approved Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical manager. This
document shall not be reproduced without the written consent of INSPEC. Controlled Distribution Copy Holders will
receive current versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
REVISION CONTROL
Revision Number
Changes Remarks
& Date
00
New Issue -
24th June 2007
01
nd Sec 2 Revised Latest Edition added
22 July 2010
02 Sec 2 Revised
Ed: 2010 Added
06th September 2011 Report format revised
03 Sec 2 revised
th Latest Edition Added
10 March 2012 Annexure 1 revised
04 Latest Editions Added
Sec 2 & report format revised
27th September 2015 General comments incorporated
05 Issued to address the requirements of
th Sec 2 revised
09 September 2017 ASME B31.3: 2016 edition
06 Sec 2 Latest code/general comments
26th April 2018 Report format revised incorporated
Sec 2
06A
Para 14.3 Client comments incorporated
31st January 2019
Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/MT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 2 of 11

versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
INDEX
Clause
Ref...
1 Scope 4
4 NDE Method Technique 4
5 Test Equipment 5
6 Test Materials 5
7 Surface Condition and Preparation 5
8 QC of Test Equipment 6
9 Examination 6
10 Contrast Enhancement 6
11 Test Temperature 7
12 Viewing Conditions 7
13 Interpretation of Indications 7
14 Evaluation for Acceptance 8
15 Documentation and Reporting of Results 8
16 Final Cleaning 8
17 Demagnetizing 9
18 Safety 9
ANNEXURE
Annexure I - Acceptance Criteria 10
Annexure II - Sample Report Format 11

versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
1 Scope:
1.1 This Non-destructive Examination Procedure details the minimum requirements for conducting
Magnetic Particle Examination by AC Electromagnet with the application of non-fluorescent
particles on the test surface.
1.2 This Magnetic Particle Examination procedure is an effective means for detecting discontinuities,
which are open to the surfaces of ferromagnetic materials (including but not limited to
wrought/cast products, welds, forgings etc).
1.3 The extent of examination shall be as per applicable construction-code requirements / project
specifications and client directives.
Current editions of the following documents are referred:
2.1 ASME B31.3: Process Piping Ed.2016
2.2 ASME Section V, Ed 2017
2.3 ASNT SNT TC 1A Ed.2006
2.4 INSPEC Written Procedure INS/SNT/WP/01 Rev 03
2.5 DGS-6300-001
2.6 DGS-0000-002
3 Personnel Qualification:
3.1 All INSPEC personnel conducting Magnetic Particle Examination using this Procedure shall be
qualified to a minimum of Level II in accordance with INSPEC written practice in compliance
with ASNT SNT TC-1A.
3.2 Personnel conducting Magnetic Particle Examination shall have vision, with correction if
necessary, to enable to read Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than
300mm, and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between colors or shades of
gray used. Vision tests shall be conducted annually and be current during examination.
3.3 Personnel conducting Magnetic Particle Examination shall be competent in conducting the testing
as described in this Procedure.
4 NDE Method Technique:
4.1 Wet Continuous Color Contrast Magnetic Particle Examination using AC ElectromagneticYoke
magnetization technique.

versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
5 Test Equipment:
5.1 Alternating Current electromagnetic yoke with adjustable poles shall be used. The minimum and
maximum pole spacing utilized during examination shall be 3 in. and 8 in. respectively.
This equipment essentially produces longitudinal magnetization in the component tested.
• The equipment model is Y6 manufactured by Magnaflux, MYII from Gammatec for AC
Electromagnetic Yoke or any other equivalent.
6 Test Materials:
6.1 Test materials as defined in Table 6.1 are used during the examination
Table 6.1
Material Brand Manufacturer Group

Black Ink (Magnetic Ink) 7 HF Magnaflux MT 1
White Contrast Paint WCP-2
Black Ink (Magnetic Ink) Supramor-4 Chemetall MT 2
White Contrast Paint WCP712
Black Ink (Magnetic Ink) MR 76 MRchemie MT 3
White Contrast Paint MR 72
6.2 Test materials will be in ready-mix aerosol containers.
6.3 Intermixing of test materials from different Groups is not permitted.
7 Surface condition & preparation:

7.1 Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surface of the component is as rolled, as-welded,
as-cast or as-forged condition. Surface preparation may be necessary by grinding, machining or
other methods where surface irregularities could mask indications.
7.2 Prior to magnetic particle examination all areas to be examined and all adjacent areas within in at
least 25 mm shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux or slag or spatter, paint,
oil or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.
7.3 Cleaning may be accomplished using detergents, organic solvents, de-scaling solutions, paint
removers, sand or grit blasting.
8 QC of Test Equipment:
8.1 The equipment shall be checked for adequacy of magnetization strength. This can be accomplished
by setting the pole spacing to the required maximum and verify lifting of a 4.5 kg steel weight for

versions
PROCEDURE (PIPING)
AC Electromagnetic Yoke.
This check shall be done everyday prior to use.
9 Examination:
9.1 The test surface shall be magnetized using the yoke. Magnetizing shall be done in such a way that a
complete coverage of the test area is done and discontinuities of all probable orientation can be
detected. This can be accomplished by at least two separate examinations on each area producing
approximately perpendicular directions of magnetic lines. (Turn the yoke by 90º alternately).
9.2 A field indicator will be used to check the adequacy of magnetic field. This can be either a pie type
or Burmah Castrol type flux indicator.
9.3 The magnetic ink (Black Ink) shall be applied to the test area by uniform spraying, when the current
is on (i.e. whenever the magnetizing force is applied). The magnetic ink shall be applied to an
extent just sufficient to aid free flow of particles on test surface. Care shall be exercised to avoid
excess application of magnetic ink (since it might lead to excess build up of particles near the legs
and mar the examination).
9.4 Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles.
9.5 For weld examinations, yoke legs should be positioned on either side of weld axis (transverse) and
spacing shall not exceed the spacing used during the lifting-power test and the minimum spacing
should not be less than 75mm (3”) to avoid any excess particle build-up. The maximum spacing
shall not exceed 200mm (8”).
9.6 The examination shall proceed with a minimum of 10% overlap on each progressive area tested.
10 Contrast enhancement:
10.1 To enhance particle contrast with the test surface, a uniform thin spray of white contrast paint may
be applied (Refer Table 6.1) before start of magnetizing and allowed to have normal evaporation
resulting in a uniform white background.
10.1.1 Such coating should be applied only on uncoated surfaces as required.
10.2 When such coating is applied on coated surfaces, it must be demonstrated that indications to
desired level can still be achieved through enhancement coating.
11 Test temperature:
11.1 The temperature of the test surface and the magnetic ink shall not exceed 57 ºC. Where the
manufacturer’s recommendation is more stringent than this temperature limit, the same shall be
followed.

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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
12 Viewing conditions:
12.1 The test area shall be adequately illuminated for proper evaluation of indications revealed on the
test surface.
12.2 A minimum light intensity of 100 fc (1000 lux) is required on the surface to be examined to
ensure adequate sensitivity during the examination and evaluation of indications.
12.3 The light-source technique used (day light or artificial) shall be documented and maintained.
12.3.1 A hand lamp with a focusing curvature hood, with a 100-watt bulb placed at a distance
maximum 1 meter from the surface will fulfill the minimum light intensity requirement
(100 fc) on the test surface.
12.4 Where required, the area of examination can be viewed under magnification using lenses
(generally at 5x magnification).
13 Interpretation of Indications:
13.1 The evaluation of indications will be during the period when the magnetic ink is applied and the
current is on.
13.2 Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. The size of the indication is the
basis for acceptance evaluation.
13.2.1 All such indications are not necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive surface
roughness, magnetic permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones),
etc., may produce similar indications.
13.2.2 Broad areas of particle accumulation, which might mask indications from discontinuities,
are prohibited and such areas shall be cleaned and reexamined.
13.3 Relevant indications are those indications, which have any dimension greater than 1/16 in. (1.6
mm).
13.3.1 Linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
13.3.2 Rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with length equal to or less than
three times the width.
13.3.3 Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be explored by visual or other means, and
if necessary, evaluated by a re-examination
14 Evaluation for Acceptance:
14.1 All relevant (including non-relevant or non-rejectable, if necessitated by any referencing
document or client requirement) indications (type of indication – linear or rounded, location,
length or diameter or aligned) shall be recorded as a minimum and interpreted against the

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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
relevant acceptance criteria. Where none specified, all the relevant indications shall be recorded.
14.2 Acceptance criteria shall be as per ASME B31.3 (Refer Annexure 1)
14.3 Any obtained/noted indication(s) regardless of its size (both linear & rounded indications)
shall be reported to ADNOC Gas Processing Inspection personnel for further
evaluation/decision.
14.4 Acceptance criteria used shall be documented in the NDE Report (Annexure II).
15 Documentation & reporting of results

15.1 For each Magnetic Particle Examination as per this Procedure, the following minimum
information shall be recorded and suitably addressed in the relevant INSPEC Report (Refer
Annexure II):
15.1.1 Client / Project / Job details
15.1.2 Location
15.1.3 Item
15.1.4 Material, Dimension & thickness, as appropriate
15.1.5 Surface Condition
15.1.6 Procedure Identification & Revision.
15.1.7 Method of initial cleaning
15.1.8 Test Method / Technique
15.1.9 Equipment & current type.
15.1.10 Test Temperature
15.1.11 Viewing (lighting) Conditions
15.1.12 MPI Materials’ Group & Batch Ref.
15.1.13 Post-examination cleaning
15.1.14 Examination personnel & qualification level
15.1.15 Accept / Reject status (as appropriate & applicable)
15.1.16 Examination date & Time
15.1.17 Map of indications (attach as appropriate)
16 Final Cleaning:
16.1 When post examination cleaning is required it shall be conducted as soon as practical by using a
process that does not adversely affect the part.
17 Demagnetizing:
17.1 Demagnetizing, if required, shall be done on the following conditions:
17.2 Prior to testing, if the material contains strong remnant magnetic fields from some previous
operation or inspection.

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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
17.3 On completion of Examination, if any existing remnant field could interfere with the removal of
magnetic particle while cleaning the part or when necessitated by the component requirement
post-examination.
18 Safety:
18.1 All inspection personnel shall be responsible for compliance with applicable safety rules in the
use of Test materials.
18.2 Test materials are highly volatile, relatively toxic and the liquids may cause skin irritation. Use
adequate ventilation at all times and avoid prolonged skin contact.
18.3 Test materials shall never be heated above the recommended temperature limits prescribed by the
manufacturer.
18.4 Test materials shall never be exposed to open flames
18.5 Keep aerosol cans containing Test materials out of direct sunlight and storage areas in excess of
the recommended temperature limits specified by manufacturer; an excessive heat may cause
aerosol cans to explode.
18.6 The test system has electrical input for the Test equipment and safe practices should be followed
to avoid any electrical shocks.

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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure – I
(Acceptance Criteria in accordance with ASME B31.3)
Only Indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered as relevant.
1) Indications
a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width.
b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than
three times its width.
2) Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of

c) Relevant linear indications
d) Relevent rounded indications > 5.0 mm ( 3/16 in)
e) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less, edge
to edge.

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PROCEDURE (PIPING)
ANNEXURE II – SAMPLE REPORT FORM

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Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/PT/001

Rev: 06A Date: 0 31.01.2019 Page: 1 of 12
LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

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PLANT
Document No. : INS/ ASME/B31.3/PT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 09.09.2017 Page No.: 1 of 12
versions

PROCEDURE (PIPING)
REVISION CONTROL
Revision Number &

Changes Remarks
Date
Issued to address requirements of
00
New Issue ASME Section V Edition 2001 Addenda
17th February 2004
2003
01 Latest Edition Added
Sec 2 Revised
22nd July 2010
02 Sec 2 Revised
th Latest Edition Added Ed: 2010
06 September 2011 Report Format Revised
03 Sec 2 revised
Latest edition 2012 added
10th March 2012 Annexure I
04 Latest Edition added
th Sec 2 & Report format revised
27 September 2015 General Comments incorporated
05
Sec 2 Latest code edition incorporated
09th September 2017
06 Sec 2 Latest code edition/general comments
th
26 April 2018 Report format revised incorporated
06A Sec 2
Client comments incorporated
31st January 2019 Para 21.5
Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/PT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 2 of 12


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
INDEX
Clause
Ref...
1 Scope 4
3 Procedure Qualification & Revision 4
4 Performance Demonstration 5
6 NDE Method Technique 5
7 Test Materials` 5
8 QC of Test Materials 6
9 Test Component Condition 6
10 Initial Solvent Cleaning 6
11 Test Temperature 7
12 Application of Penetrant 7
13 Dwell Time 7
14 Removal of Excess Penetrant 7
15 Drying of Test Surface 8
16 Application of Developer 8
17 Forming of Indications 8
18 Viewing Conditions 8
19 Interpretation of Indications 9
20 Post Examination Cleaning 9
21 Evaluation for Acceptance Status 9
22 Documentation and Reporting of Results 9
23 Safety 10
NON-MANDATORY ANNEXURE
Annexure I - Sample Acceptance Criteria 11
Annexure II - Sample Report Format 12


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
1. Scope
1.1. This Non-destructive Examination (NDE) Procedure details the minimum requirements for conducting Liquid Penetrant
Examination of welds and associated HAZ and base metal by Non-fluorescent color contrast penetrant method.
1.2. Liquid Penetrant Examination is an effective means for detecting discontinuities, which are open to the surface of
nonporous metals and other materials (including but not limited to wrought/cast products and welds).
1.3. The extent of examination shall be as per applicable construction-Code requirements / project specifications and client
directives.
1.4. Typical discontinuities detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations and porosity.
1.5. This procedure may be applicable to other penetrant methods and product forms provided that the procedure is qualified
by demonstration and revised to incorporate the new variables.
2. Reference Documents
2.1. The following documents are referred:
2.1.1. ASME B 31.3; Process Piping. Ed 2016

2.1.2. ASME Section V Edition:2017
2.1.3. ASNT SNT TC 1A Ed 2006
2.1.4. INSPEC Written Procedure INS/SNT/WP/01 Rev 03
2.1.5. DGS-6300-001
2.1.6. DGS-0000-002
3 Procedure qualification & revision:
3.1 This Procedure is a General NDE document for reference and use by authorized INSPEC personnel, applicable for the
purpose identified in the Scope and essentially addressing the requirements of ASME Section V, Article 6.
3.2 Relevant INSPEC personnel are required to be aware of the requirements of this Procedure and suitably qualified and,
certified by INSPEC for implementation. (Refer 5)
3.3 When used by non-INSPEC Organizations, the necessary agreements will need to be affected with INSPEC and a
reference to this Procedure shall be made appropriately by the Organizations.
3.4 This Procedure contains variables, which may need qualification by way of demonstration required by the referencing
Code. Under such situations, any change or deviation to essential variables will require revision and re-qualification of
this Procedure. Such demonstrations shall be on a case-to-case basis and shall be demonstrated to the Inspector / Client
Representative prior to implementation of this procedure on Test Component and shall be incorporated in the
demonstration record.


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
3.5 Record of variables qualified by demonstration shall be attached as a supplement with this procedure detailing the range
of variables qualified and referencing the demonstration record number.
3.6 This Procedure contains Mandatory and Non-mandatory Annexure. Any change/ deviation to this Procedure or
Mandatory Annexure will require revision and re-issue of this Procedure. Any revision (either of essential or non essential
variables) to this Procedure will as a minimum require review and acceptance by the Appointed NDT Level III and
approval by Manager / INSPEC
3.7 Users of this Procedure shall verify the applicability with respect to requirements.
4 Performance demonstration:
4.1 When required by referencing Code Section or per Client requirements, performance demonstration shall be carried out
and documented as report with the variables used. Copies of such reports shall be maintained by INSPEC.
4.2 Whenever required, a certification statement either incorporated in the Procedure Demonstration Record or attached
separately to the procedure from the client shall be made available to the Authorized Inspector/ client representative.
5. Personnel Qualification
5.1. All personnel conducting Liquid Penetrant Examinations using this Procedure shall be qualified to a minimum of Level II
in accordance with INSPEC written practice in compliance with ASNT SNT TC-1A.
5.2. Personnel conducting Liquid Penetrant Examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, to enable to read
Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 300mm, and is capable of distinguishing and
differentiating contrast between colors or shades of gray used. Vision tests shall be conducted annually and be current
during examination.
5.3. Personnel conducting Liquid Penetrant Examination shall be competent in conducting the testing as described in this
Procedure.
5.4. Where required by a specific Code, existing Personnel Qualification shall be verified for applicability as to the Code
conditions.
5.5. Personnel conducting Liquid Penetrant Examination should be aware of the safe-practice requirements during
examination. (Refer 23)
6. NDE Method Technique
6.1. Color Contrast (Visible Dye) Solvent Removable Penetrant System with non-aqueous Developer.
(All essential variables relevant to this NDE method technique has been included)
7. Test Materials
7.1. Test materials as defined in Table-7.1 are used during examination:


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Table-7.1
Material Brand Manufacturer Group
Penetrant Spot-check SKL-SP-2
Solvent Cleaner Spot-check SKC-S Magnaflux PT 1
Developer Spot-check SKD-S2
Penetrant CHEKMOR-240
Solvent Cleaner S-72 Chemetall PT 2
Developer LD-7
Penetrant MR 68 C
Solvent Cleaner MR 85 MRchemie PT 3
Developer MR 70
7.2. The Test materials used will be in ready-mix aerosol containers.
7.3. Intermixing of test materials from different Groups is not permitted.
8. QC of Test materials
8.1. Storage of test-materials shall be as per Manufacturer’s recommendation and shall be used within the shelf life specified.
8.2 Control of Sulpher, Chlorine and Fluorine content:
8.2.1 When potential use of materials involves application on austenitic stainless steels & titanium, the total fluorine &
chlorine content of each test-material shall not exceed 1% by weight.
8.2.2 When used on test material, which may also involve nickel-based alloys, the total sulfur content of each test-
material shall not exceed 1% by weight.
8.3 A certification statement from the manufacturer of Penetrant material stating the penetrant material batch nos. and test
results obtained for the Sulpher and total Chlorine and Fluorine content in accordance with mandatory appendix II of
Article 6 of ASME Sec V 2017 Edition shall be made available whenever required for verification and the records shall
be maintained.
9 Test Component Surface Preparation
9.1 In general, satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the component is as-rolled, as-welded, as-cast or as-
forged condition. Surface preparation may be necessary by grinding, machining or other methods where surface
irregularities could mask indications.
9.2 Prior to application of penetrant all areas to be examined and all adjacent areas within in at least 25 mm shall be dry and
free from any scale, grease, dirt, weld-flux or slag or spatter, paint, oil or other foreign matter that might interfere with the
penetration.
10 Initial Solvent Cleaning
10.1 When solvent cleaning is required, Solvent Cleaner of the specific Group (Table-7.1) shall be used. After cleaning, drying
of the test surface shall be by normal evaporation or with forced hot air as appropriate.


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
10.2 The drying time shall be sufficient to assure that the cleaning solution has evaporated prior to application of penetrant.
10.3 The penetrant application shall not start prior to a minimum period of 5 minutes elapsing after the solvent cleaning
processes are completed.
11 Test temperature
11.1 The temperature of the penetrant and the surface test component shall remain in the range 10º C – 52º C. Local
heating or cooling is permitted provided the part temperature remains in the said range.
Wherever the material-manufacturers’ recommendation of test temperature range is stringent than the above, such
recommendation shall be followed.
11.2 In case the temperature of the component is out side the range as specified above, the procedure may be applicable but
require re-qualification and revision as described in Para T-653 of Article 6 of ASME Sec V.
12 Application of Penetrant
The penetrant shall be applied thoroughly and uniformly either by spraying or by brushing on the test areas.
13 Dwell Time
13.1 The applied penetrant shall be allowed to enter discontinuities. For the test temperature defined (in 11.1), the minimum
penetration (dwell) time shall be as per Table-13.1 below.
Table-13.1
Dwell time (minutes)
Material Form Type of Discontinuity
Penetrant Developer
Aluminium, magnesium, steel, Castings and welds Cold shuts, porosity, lack of
5 10
brass and bronze, titanium and fusion, cracks (all forms)
high-temperature alloys Wrought materials – Laps, cracks (all forms)
10 10
extrusions, forgings, plate
Carbide-tipped tools Lack of fusion, porosity,
5 10
cracks
Ceramic All forms Cracks 5 10
Glass All forms Cracks 5 10
Plastic All forms Cracks 5 10
14 Removal of Excess penetrant
14.1 After the completion of the minimum dwell time, the excess penetrant on the test component surface shall be removed by
wiping with a clean and dry lint-free cloth or paper, repeating this operation until most of the traces of penetrant has been
removed from the test surface.
14.2 Final stages of cleaning shall be done by wiping the surface with a clean cloth or paper moistened with the solvent
cleaner and care shall be taken to avoid use of excess solvent to avoid unwanted removal of penetrant from fine, shallow
discontinuities.
14.3 Flushing the surface with solvent (following the application of penetrant and prior to developing) is prohibited.


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
15 Drying of test Surface
15.1 The test surface shall be left drying by normal evaporation.
16 Application of Developer
16.1 The time of drying between the end of excess penetrant removal and start of developer application shall not be less than 5
minutes and be limited to a maximum of 10 minutes.
16.2 Before application, the developer shall be kept agitated to prevent settling and ensure uniform dispersal of the particles in
the carrier fluid.
16.3 The developer shall then be uniformly applied by spraying to form a thin layer on the test surface, just sufficient to draw
the penetrant retained in any discontinuity reservoir and also to provide a contrasting background.
16.4 Under conditions when spraying is prohibited due to safety or restricted access, developer shall be applied by brushing
subject to qualification of the procedure by satisfactory demonstration in presence of AI/ Client representative.
16.5 Drying of developer shall be by normal evaporation. Whenever it is realized that an excess developer coat (which may
mask indications) has been applied; the process of examination shall be redone (re-examination) from the stages of initial
solvent cleaning.
16.6 Developing time for final interpretation begins as soon as the wet developer coating is dry. The minimum developer
dwell-time shall not be less than that required by Table-13.1.
16.7 The development time (Interpretation time) shall be limited to a maximum of 30 minutes.
17 Forming of Indications
17.1 The developer forms a reasonably uniform white coating and surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed-out of the
penetrant in deep red color staining the developer.
17.2 Indications with a light pink color may indicate excessive cleaning, while inadequate cleaning may leave an excessive
background making interpretation difficult.
18 Viewing conditions
18.1 The test area shall be adequately illuminated for proper evaluation of indications revealed on the test surface.
18.2 A minimum light intensity of 100 fc (1000 lux) is required on the surface to be examined to ensure adequate sensitivity
during the examination and evaluation of indications.
18.3 The light-source technique used (day light or artificial) shall be documented and maintained.
A hand lamp with a focusing curvature hood, with a 100-watt bulb placed at a distance maximum 1 meter from the
surface will fulfill the minimum light intensity requirement (100 fc) on the test surface.


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
19 Interpretation of Indications
19.1 The evaluation of indications generally will begin on completion of the minimum developer-dwell-time, however with the
maximum developer-dwell-time limited to 30 minutes.
19.2 Discontinuities are indicated by bleed-out of the penetrant in deep red color staining the developer (indications).
19.3 Relevant indications are those indications resulting from mechanical discontinuities on the surface. Linear indication is
one having a length having greater than three times the width.
19.4 Rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with length equal to or less than three times the width.
19.5 Discontinuities due to localized surface imperfections (such as machining marks, rough weld profile) or attributable
directly to some feature of the assembly or component examined may produce non-relevant indications.
19.6 Contamination due improper handling of various test materials or improper cleaning during testing may produce false
indications.
19.7 Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be explored by visual or other means, and if necessary, evaluated by a re-
examination.
20 Post-examination Cleaning
20.1 The post-examination residues of penetrant or developer will not normally have any deleterious effect on the test
component since the test materials are selected to avoid any such effects significantly. However, post-examination
cleaning may be required when such residues may have adverse chemical reactions with the test component. Under such
conditions, the residues may be cleaned to the desired extent by solvent cleaning or a coarse water spray.
21 Evaluation for Acceptance Status
21.1 Indications those have their major dimension greater than 1/16th inch (1.6mm) shall be considered as relevant.
21.2 An indication from a discontinuity may show size, which is larger than its actual dimension as seen on the surface,
however the size of the indication shall be the basis for evaluation.
21.3 All relevant (including non-relevant, if necessitated by any referencing document or client requirement) indications (type
of indication – linear or rounded, location, length or diameter or aligned) shall be recorded as a minimum and interpreted
against the relevant acceptance criteria. Where none specified, all the relevant indications shall be recorded.
21.4 This Procedure contains sample acceptance standards as per ASME B 31.3. Acceptance criteria used shall be documented
in the NDE Report (22.1).
21.5 Any obtained/noted indication(s) regardless of its size (both linear & rounded indications) shall be reported to
ADNOC Gas Processing Inspection personnel for further evaluation/decision.
21.6 Broad areas of pigmentation, which could mask indications, are not acceptable and shall be cleaned and retested in
accordance with the method stated in this procedure.
22 Documentation & reporting of results
221.1 For each Liquid Penetrant Examination as per this Procedure, the following minimum information shall be recorded and
suitably addressed in the relevant INSPEC Report (Refer Annexure II):
- Client / Project / Job details
- Location
- Item
- Material, Dimension & thickness, as appropriate
- Surface Condition


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
- Procedure identification and revision.

- Liquid Penetrant, Penetrant Remover and developer type.
- Method of initial cleaning
- Method of Penetrant application
- Method of Developer application
- Penetrant & Developer Dwell Time
- Test Temperature
- Viewing (lighting) Conditions and equipments.
- Test Materials’ Group & Batch Ref.
- Post-examination cleaning
- Examination personnel & qualification level
- Accept / Reject status (as appropriate & applicable)
- Examination date & time
- Map of indications (attach as appropriate)
23. Safety
23.1. All inspection personnel shall be responsible for compliance with applicable safety rules in the use of liquid Penetrant
materials.
23.2. Penetrant materials are highly volatile, relatively toxic and the liquids may cause skin irritation. Use adequate ventilation
at all times and avoids prolonged skin contact.
23.3. Penetrant materials shall never be heated above the recommended temperature limits prescribed by the manufacturer.
23.4. Penetrant materials shall never be exposed to open flames
23.5. Keep aerosol cans containing Penetrant materials out of direct sunlight and storage areas in excess of the recommended
temperature limits specified by manufacturer; an excessive heat may cause aerosol cans to explode


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
Annexure – I Acceptance Criteria
Only Indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered as relevant.
1) Indications
a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width.
b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three
times its width.
2) Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of

c) Relevant linear indications
d) Relevent rounded indications > 5.0 mm ( 3/16 in)
e) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less, edge to
edge.


PROCEDURE (PIPING)
REPORT FORMAT


NDE Procedures RT, MPI, DPT, HARDNESS, HEAT TREATMENT

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INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION SERVICES LTD

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001

OPERATION CONTROLS - PROCEDURE

HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 1 of 14

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 2 of 14

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 3 of 14

The following documents shall be referred to in conjunction with these instructions.

2.1 ASME B 31.3: 2016 editions.

3 Personnel Qualification & Safety:

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 4 of 14

4 Equipment and Material:

Electrical Resistance Method Set

Required Power will be 415V, 3 phase, 90Amp per HT Set.

The recording of temperature shall be achieved by means of temperature/time plotters in the

5 Surface Conditions and Precautions:

6 Heat Treatment control zones & requirements:

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 5 of 14

8 Procedure For PWHT:

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Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 8 of 14

13 Temperature cycle for Post Weld Heat Treatment:

14 Heat Treatment Instruction:

15 Method Statement for Temporary Attachments of Thermocouples For PWHT:

The following shall apply unless otherwise stated:

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 9 of 14

This procedure is applied for attachment of thermocouples in Cr-Cr/A1 on materials

The equipment for thermocouples’ welding / tacking may be of capacitor discharge

15.5 OPERATION SEQUENCE

15.5.1 Charge the thermocouple-tacking unit.

16.5.1 Client / Job Name

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 10 of 14

16.5.2 Chart / Report Number

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 11 of 14

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 12 of 14

1 Organization: International Inspection Services

9 Technique of application: Capacitor discharge

¥ ¥ Prepared by ¥ ¥ Reviewed & approved by ¥

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 13 of 14

Document No. : INS/ASME/HT/001 Rev.: 13A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 14 of 14

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Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001

OPERATION CONTROLS - PROCEDURE

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 2 of 21

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 3 of 21

2.1 The following documents are referred:

2.1.1 ASME B 31.3: Process Piping. Ed: 2016

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 4 of 21

6. Test Equipment and materials:

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 5 of 21

Type Speed Contrast Graininess Example

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 6 of 21

advised by client in writing.

10 Radiographic Film Viewing & Location Markers

10.1 Single Wall Viewing

Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 7 of 21

3. Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.

a) Client’s symbol / Name

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Document No. : INS/ASME/B31.3/RT/001 Rev.: 06A dated 31.01.2019 Page No.: 9 of 21

Wire Dia Wire Dia Wire Dia Wire Dia

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