Ship Stability Formulae

Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations

NB. These formulae and symbols are for guidance only and other formulae which give equally
valid results are acceptable
Mass ρSubstance
ρ= ∆=∇×ρ RD=
Volume ρFW

DWT = ∆ − ∆Light ∇=L×B×d×CB Aw =L×B×CW

Aw ×ρ w TPCSW
TPC= Sinkage or Rise = TPCDW = × ρDW
100 TPC 1025
∆Summer (1025 − ρDW )
FWA= DWA= FWA
4×TPCSW 25
w×s w×s
GGH/V = GGH/V =
∆ ∆±w
Σ Vertical Moments Σ Horizontal Moments
KG= GGH =
Δ Δ
GGH Listing Moment
tan(List) = tan(List) =
GM ∆ × GM

MSS=∆×GZ GZ=GM ×sin θ

GZ=[GM+(½×BM× tan2 θ)] ×sin θ GZ=KN − (KG× sin θ)

FSM=I×ρT l×b3
I=
12
FSM I×ρT
FSC= FSC=
∆ ∆

KMT =KB+BMT KML =KB+BML

IT IL
BMT = BML =
∇ ∇
L×B3 L3 ×B
BMT (For Box Shape)= BML (For Box Shape)=
12×∇ 12×∇
∆×GML Trimming Moment
MCTC= CoT=
100×LBP MCTC
LCF ∆×(LCB~LCG)
True mean draught=Draught aft± (Trim× ) Trim=
LBP MCTC
Trim×LCF Trim×(LBP − LCF)
Change of trim aft= Change of trim for'd=
LBP LBP
1
Distance from Summer LL to Winter LL= Summer draught
48
1
Distance from Summer LL to Tropical LL= Summer draught
48
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Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
TVHM Total VHM
AHM= λ0= λ40=0.8×λ0
SF SF×∆
AHM
Approximate Angle of Heel= ×12o
MPGHM

Reduction in GZ = (GGH × cos θ) + (GGV × sin θ)

1
Area under curve (SR1)= ×h×(y1 +4y2 +y3 )
3
3
Area under curve (SR2)= ×h×(y1 +3y2 +3y3 +y4 )
8
P×A×Z
Wind Heeling Lever l𝑤1 =
1000×g×Δ
2×C×B B Lw1
Rolling Period T(Sec)= C=0.373+0.023 ( ) − 0.043 ( )
√GM d 100
w×s×length −2×Initial GM
GM= GM at Angle of Loll=
∆×deflection cos θ
−2×GM 3 2×w×s
tan(Angle of Loll) =√ tan(List) Zero GM = √
BMT ∆ × BMT
d
V 2 × (KG − 2)
Approximate angle of heel on turning: tan θ =
g×R×GM
Freeboard
tan(Angle of DEI) =
½×B

Draught when Heeled=(Upright Draught× cos θ)+(½×B× sin θ)

Trim×MCTC
P= P=Reduction in TMD×TPC
LCF
P×KM P×KG
Loss of GM= Loss of GM=
∆ ∆−P
1
Effective Length= l×μ Solid Factor=
RD
Volume available for water SF of Cargo − Solid Factor
Permeability(μ)= Permeability(μ) =
Volume available for cargo SF of Cargo
BBH
Volume of lost buoyancy = l × b × d × µ tan(List) =
GMBilged
Volume of lost buoyancy
Sinkage= IParallel Axis = ICentroid Axis +As2
Intact water plane area

Version: September 2020 Page 2 of 3

Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
Accepted Abbreviations

AHM Actual Heeling Moment

AMD Arithmetic Mean Draft
AP After Perpendicular
BM Height of Metacentre from Centre of Buoyancy
CB Block Coefficient
CoT Change of Trim
CW Coefficient of Water Plane Area
FP Forward Perpendicular
FSC Free Surface Correction
FSE Free Surface Effect
FSM Free Surface Moments
FWA Fresh Water Allowance
GGH Horizontal shift in Centre of Gravity
GGV Vertical shift in Centre of Gravity
GM Metacentric Height
GZ Righting Lever / Arm
IWPA Intact Water Plane Area
KB Height of Centre of Buoyancy from Keel
KG/Kg Height of Centre of Gravity from Keel
KM Height of Metacentre from Keel
LBP Length Between Perpendiculars
LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy
LCF Longitudinal Centre of Floatation
LCG/Lcg Longitudinal Centre of Gravity
LOA Length Over All
MCTC Moment to Change Trim by one Centimetre
MPGHM Maximum Permissible Grain Heeling Moment
MSS Moment of Statical Stability
RD Relative Density
RDS Residual Dynamic Stability
RM Righting Moment
TCG Transverse Centre of Gravity
TMD True Mean Draft
TPC Tonnes Per Centimetre Immersion
TVHM Total Volumetric Heeling Moment
VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity
VHM Volumetric Heeling Moment
WHM Wind Heeling Moment
WPA Water Plane Area
θdei or φdei Angle of Deck Edge Immersion
θf or φf Angle of Flooding

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