MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF M.

M ANUPOL POULTRY FARM

PUNZALAN ANGELICA M.

UNDERGRADUATE SPECIAL PROBLEM PROPOSAL TO BE SUBMITTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS AND
TECHNOLOGY PAMPANGA STATE
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS

2021
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Layer poultry farming means for commercial egg production to raise egg-laying poultry

birds. Layer chickens are such a special hen’s species that must be raised when they are one-day

old. They begin commercially laying eggs between the ages of 18-19 weeks. They continue to

lay eggs till their age of 72-78 weeks. During their egg-laying time, they will produce about one

kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food. Note the different characteristics of cock and

hen before breeding for the purpose of producing a hybrid egg sheet. There are different types of

highly productive layer breeds of eggs available worldwide.

https://agriculturegoods.com/layerpoultryfarmingacompleteguidforbeginners/#:~:text=Layer
%20poultry%20farming%20means%20for,age%20of%2072%2D78%20weeks.

Poultry farming, raising of birds domestically or commercially, primarily for meat and

eggs but also for feathers. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese are of primary importance, while

guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) are chiefly of local interest. This article treats the

principles and practices of poultry farming. For a discussion of the food value and processing of

poultry products, see egg and poultry processing. A carefully controlled environment that avoids

crowding, chilling, overheating, or frightening is almost universal in poultry farming.

Cannibalism, which expresses itself as toe picking, feather picking, and tail picking, is controlled

by debeaking at one day of age and by other management practices. The feeding, watering, egg

gathering, and cleaning operations are highly mechanized. Birds are usually housed in wire cages

with two or three animals per cage, depending on the species and breed, and three or four tiers of

cages superposed to save space. Cages for egg-laying birds have been found to increase

production, lower mortality, reduce cannibalism, lower feeding requirements, reduce diseases
and parasites, improve culling, and reduce both space and labour requirements.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/poultry-farming

Poultry value chains link the actors and activities involved in delivering poultry and

poultry products to the final consumer, with products increasing in value at every stage. A

poultry chain can involve production, transport, processing, packaging and storage, and retailing.

Activities require inputs – such as financing and raw materials – which are used to add value and

to bring poultry and poultry products to consumers. Understanding how poultry value chains

work is essential in order to develop them sustainably. Larger-scale meat or egg production units

are often vertically integrated, with breeding farms for grandparent and parent birds, hatcheries,

feed mills, and egg or meat processing facilities. Production is generally located in, or near, cities

and close to processing facilities and input providers. Such systems mainly supply urban and

peri-urban populations. Small-scale commercial farmers often produce similar products, but less

efficiently and with greater difficulty in securing quality inputs such as chicks and feed. Demand

from urban consumers for indigenous meat and eggs is increasing, and this could prove a major

opportunity for small-scale family poultry producers, processors and retailers. However, they

face a number of challenges, including: difficulties in establishing a viable marketing system

because of their limited production; the remoteness of production sites; poor transport

infrastructure; and problems in setting up refrigerated supply chains.

https://www.fao.org/poultry-production-products/socio-economic-aspects/poultry-chain/en/

Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying poultry birds for the purpose of

commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special species of hens, which need to be

raised from when they are one-day old. They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19 weeks
of age. They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age. They can produce

about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg laying period. For the

purpose of producing hybrid eggs layer, consider the various characteristics of cock and hen

before breeding. https://poultryreporter.com/2019/12/15/how-to-start-layer-poultry-farming/

 Chapter 2

INDUSTRY PROFILE

Companies in this industry breed, hatch, and raise poultry for meat or egg production.

Major companies include Foster Farms, Perdue Farms, and Tyson (all based in the US) as well as

BRF and JBS (Brazil), Charoen Pokphand Foods (Thailand), Guangdong Wen's Food Group and

New Hope Liuhe (China), and Industrias Bachoco (Mexico). Worldwide poultry and egg

production, including chicken, goose, duck, and other fowl, generates about $230 billion in

annual revenue. Some 25 billion live chickens are produced worldwide each year, with highest

production in China, the US, and Indonesia. Demand is growing due to an increasing population,

higher incomes, and urbanization. The US poultry and egg production industry includes about

160,000 farms with combined annual revenue of about $49 billion. The industry doesn't include

slaughter, processing, or packing operations. Poultry processing is covered in the Poultry Product

Manufacturing profile.

Poultry industry is the fastest growing sector in Indian agriculture. Egg being an excellent

source of proteins is fast becoming a favorite among urban Indians. India, today is the fourth

largest egg producer in the world. The layer segment in India is all set to grow and is currently

estimated at Rs. 10,000 crores (INR 100 billion). According to the Ministry of Agriculture,

India’s egg production is estimated at 47.3 billion eggs per annum. Today, with more and more

‘eggitarians’ on the rise, egg consumption is growing at 8% - 10% annually.

It is an important source of subsidiary income to small/marginal farmers and agricultural

laborers. The manure from birds provides a good source of organic matter for improving soil

fertility and crop yields. Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of findining
employment throughout the year for many persons through poultry farming. With the adequate

infrastructural facilities especially for egg production has become increasingly popular in and

around. The present demand in the area is more. It is increasing day by day & the present

strength of the flock in the area is not in a position to meet the growing demand. include

increased adoption of integrated farming system, contact farming, awareness of people about diet

and health, cost effectiveness of poultry meat compared to other meat, its low fat content,

superior protein quality and change of life style of the people are also responsible for spectacular

development of Poultry Sector.

History in Poultry Farm

Mass production of chicken meat and eggs began in the early 20th century, but by the

middle of that century meat production had outstripped egg production as a specialized industry.

The market for chicken meat has grown dramatically since then, with worldwide exports

reaching nearly 12.5 million metric tons (about 13.8 million tons) by the early 21st century.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/poultry-farming

Problems of Industry

1. Feed cost and continuous efforts to get a better understanding of available alternative feed

ingredients. As of right now, feed cost is probably one of the most serious challenges for the

industry.

2. Disease outbreaks and implementation of biosecurity programs, although the extent and also

types of disease outbreaks can vary in different parts of the world. In addition, diseases of

metabolic origin including ascites and skeletal disorders are of importance as well.

3. Issues surrounding inclusion of antibiotics in poultry feed and also the use of alternatives to

antibiotic growth promoters.

4. Safety of poultry products for human consumption.

5. Poultry welfare-related issues such as banning the use of conventional cages at layer farms.

6. Nutrition-related environmental issues (excretion of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus

in the manure).

7. Issues related to water in terms of both quality and quantity.

https://www.poultryworld.net/home/challenges-of-the-poultry-industry/
 Chicken Egg Situation Report

January-March 2020

Reference Number:
2020-135
Release Date:
Monday, July 6, 2020

The total chicken egg production from January to March 2020 is estimated at 150.29

thousand metric tons. This was higher by 5.8 percent compared with the output in the same

period of the previous year of 142.01 thousand metric tons.

Relative to their levels a year ago, 13 regions recorded increments in production during the

quarter. MIMAROPA Region posted the highest annual growth of 30.9 percent, from 1.58

thousand metric tons in the same period of 2019 to 2.06 thousand metric tons this quarter.

Among regions, CALABARZON was the highest producer of chicken egg during the quarter

with 45.09 thousand metric tons. This was followed by Central Luzon and Central Visayas with

corresponding productions of 29.79 thousand metric tons and 13.56 thousand metric tons. These

three regions contributed 58.8 percent to the country’s total chicken egg production. (Figure 1

and Table 1)

 
As of 01 April 2020, the adult female inventory of native/improved chicken was registered

at 22.27 million birds, lower by 1.3 percent compared with the previous year’s same period

stocks of 22.56 million birds. Inventory of foreign strain layers was estimated at 34.17

million birds or an increase of 3.9 percent relative to the 32.89 million birds in the same period

of 2019.

Of the total laying flock, 39.5 percent were native/improved chicken and 60.5 percent were layer

chicken. (Figure 2 and Table 2)

The average farmgate price of chicken egg in commercial farms in January to March 2020 was

quoted at PhP 5.62 per piece, an increase of 20.9 percent compared with the 2019 same period

average farmgate price of PhP 4.65 per piece. The highest farmgate price was noted in January

at PhP 5.63 per piece, while the lowest was in March at PhP 5.60 per piece. (Figure 3 and Table

3)
 

https://psa.gov.ph/content/chicken-egg-situation-report-january-march-2020
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Time and Place of Study

The study will be conducted at M.M Anupol poultry farm located at Brgy. San Roque,

San Isidro, Nueva Ecija during the school year 2020-2021.

Source of Data

Primary data and information will be gathered though series of personal Interview with

the owners of M.M Anupol farm and other employees as well. Specifically, the primary data that

will be gathered will be in the area of: (1) Organization, which consist of the firm’s

organizational chart, duties and responsibilities, and human resource management; (2)

Production, which consist of the area and location, inputs used, production technology , volume

of the production, process and schedule of production; (3) Investment which consist of initial

capital and its utilization ; (4) Marketing which consist of the 7C’s of marketing and; (5)

Finance, which consist of income statement, balance sheets and financial rations

Secondary data will be gathered from current data available in the internet or from their website.

Analysis of Data

The data that will be gathered will be used in evaluating and analyzing the firm’s

organization, investment, production and marketing, and financial aspects. Problems encountered

will be also be determined in order to formulate alternative solutions and give recommendation
so as to improve the operation of the firm. Appropriate financial rations will be used in analyzing

the firm’s profitability.

Chapter 4

CASE PROPER

Historical Background of M.M Anupol Farm

M.M Anupol Farm is owned by Mr. Mel Anupol

 INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
In economic, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in
the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea
that the assets will provide income in the future or will later be sold at a higher price for a profit
(Investopedia.com).
Purchased and others Quantity Price/Unit Amount
Buildings
Power ventilation
Truck
 ORGANIZATION

An organization is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to

purchased collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines the

relationship between the different activities and the members and subdivides and assign roles,

responsibilities and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems that

affect and are affected by their environment (www.businessdictionary.com).

M.M Anupol Poultry Farm is a sole proprietorship form of business. Mr. Mel Anupol, the

owner of the farm, is the one who decides on the operations of the farm.
 The Organizational Chart

The M.M Anupol Farm Organizational Chart

Mel Anupol
Manager

Catherine Reyes Teofilo Bundoc

Secretary Farm Supervisor

Jacky Lagarto
Assistant Farm
Supervisor

Egg Delivery Boy Feed Mill Worker Egg Sorter Worker

Poultry Farm Worker Feeds Delivery Boy
6 4 10 28 3
Duties and Responsibilities

Owner/Manager

Responsible for the day to day management of all aspects of the poultry farm, maintaining quality

layer chickens and ensuring the workplace safety of all employees and visitors on the farm, in line with

the company Health & Safety Policies.

Farm Supervisor

Supervises workers who feed, water, and otherwise care for poultry, and clean poultry houses, pens,

feeders, waterers, boiler rooms, and sheds. Maintains research records on mortality of poultry, feeding of

chickens, and other information on poultry.

Assistant farm Supervisor

Responsible for reporting to the Supervisor or other senior managers as required, documenting

procedures, and hiring and training staff. They are also required to monitor staff productivity and develop

initiatives toward enhanced job performance.

Secretary

Responsible for the smooth running of the farm business, dealing with accounts, budgets, salaries and

other financial issues.

Egg Delivery Boy

Feed mill

Feed mill production workers operate machines that process animal and poultry feed. The machines

clean, separate, crush, grind, mix, pellet, and bag grains for the feed.

Egg Sorter

Perform harvesting of eggs, make sure eggs are categorized in proper sizes and make sure

cracked eggs are properly separated.

Poultry farm worker

Feeds, waters, and otherwise cares for poultry. Cleans poultry houses, pens, feeders, and sheds.

Feeds delivery Boy

Qualification on Hiring Worker

The owner hired workers in order to help them to operate in farm and to take care of the chickens. In

hiring workers, experience and educational background is not important as long as you have knowledge

in farm and has concerned of the chickens.

Human Resources Management Process

Hiring Procedure

Hiring Procedure Chart

The table 1 shows the number of workers in M.M Anupol Poultry Farm, including the Supervisor,

Assistant Supervisor and Secretary and their salaries. The workers are being paid every 10th, 20th and 30th

of the month. The farm has one (1) Supervisor who received ₱24,000 monthly salary. The Assistant

Supervisor is paid ₱24,000 salary per month; the Secretary receives ₱24,000, Delivery Driver ₱30,000,

Delivery Boy ₱15,000, Feed mill ₱18,000, Egg Sorter ₱15,000 and Poultry Farm workers ₱15,000

Salary of Personnel

Position Number of Monthly Salary (₱) Total

personnel

Supervisor 1 24,000 ₱24,000

Assistant Supervisor 1 24,000 24,000

Secretary 1 24,000 24,000

Delivery Driver 1 30,000 30,000

Delivery Boy 4 15,000 60,000

Feed Mill 5 18,000 90,000

Egg Sorter 11 15,000 165,000

Poultry Farm 28 15,000 420,000

Workers

Total ₱837,000
Human Resources Management
1. Recruitment
M.M Anupol Poultry Farm hires people who are willing to do the job, has knowledge in
poultry farm and physically fit.
2. Selection
The owner will be the one who selects the appropriate people needed on the farm. If the
applicant is being referred by the workers of the farm, the owner expects that the applicant is
skilled.
3. Hiring
The applicant must be knowledgeable of the work on the farm and must be willing to do
the work.
4. Orientation
The newly hired workers will be given orientation by the supervisor.
5. Training
After the orientation, there is no formal training needed because most of the new workers
are being referred by the old workers of the farm. The newly hired workers can work
immediately.
 PRODUCTION
Production refers to the process and methods used to transform tangible inputs (raw materials,
semi-finished goods, subassemblies) and intangible inputs (ideas, information, knowledge) to
goods or services. Resources are used in this process to an output that is suitable for use or has
exchange value (businessdictionary.com)
M.M Anupol Poultry Farm is a layer farm. It has 92,647 laying chickens and produced 69,480
eggs per day.
Location and description of the Farm
M.M Anupol Poultry Farm is located at San Roque, San Isidro Nueva Ecija. The farm is 150
meters away from the residential are. It is approximately 5 kilometers away from the town proper
nueva ecija with a total land area of 10 hectares which consist of 21 buildings
Location Map in San Roque, San Isido Nueva Ecija

Location Map from Nueva Ecija Arch to M.M Anupol Farm

 Location Map from Nueva Ecija Arch to M.M Anupol Farm

Road to SanSta. Rita

Carlos Cabiao
Nueva EcijaElementary Nabao Floating Iglesia ni
School Lake Market Cristo Church

Sta. Isabel Road

San Roque
Nueva Ecija Elementary
Provincial Welcome School
Arch Sta. Rita
Catholic
Road to Cabiao
Church
sinipit, nueva ecija

GT Oil Gas
RCS
station
M.M Anupol Poultry Supermarket

Farm

Jollibee

Road to San
Gregorio Street
 M.M Anupol

Cabiao General
Hospital

Ramenchie
Samgy Grill

San Roque Street

Farm Layout
Supply of Raw Materials
M.M Anupol Poultry farm has supplier of chicks and vitamins. As shown on the figure
below, the chicks come from Heritage Veterinary Corporation in Santa Maria, Bulacan and the
vaccines and Vitamins is from Zyvet Marketing from Santa Maria, Bulacan also.

Sources of Raw Materials

Santa Maria, Santa Maria,

Bulacan M.M Anupol Bulacan
Poultry Farm
(Chicks) (Vitamins)

Cost of Machinery and Equipment

Name Quantity Price Total

Egg Grading Machine 6 ₱150,000 ₱900,000
Feeding Car 2 5,000 10,000
Egg tray 2,500 9 22,500
Heater 15 2,000 30,000
LPG 2 2,500 5,000
Light Bulb 200pcs 75 15,000
Feeder 200pcs 50 10,000
Drinker 200pcs 150 30,000
Debeaker 2 6,000 12,000
Mixer 1 100,000 100,000
Hammer mill 1 100,000 100,000
Push cart 3 3,000 9,000
Truck forward 2 1,200,000 2,400,000
Elf truck 2 800,000 1,600,000
Scale 5 40,000 200,000
Total ₱5,443,500

Table 6 shows the price of different machinery and equipment. The total cost for machinery
and equipment is ₱5,443,500.
Equipment and Machines
Egg Grading Machine- Egg grading machine is used for sorting eggs into different grades by
weight.
Feeding car- use to feed the chickens and use for collecting eggs.
Egg tray- a square paper board tray shaped to hold and protect eggs in a shipping case or crate.
Heater- used for layer brood
LPG- used for providing gas
Light bulb- use light the chicken brooder
Feeder- device that supplies feeds to the chickens.
Drinker-a chicken waterer is essentially the device that holds your flocks water in which they
drink from.
Debeaker- used for trimming the beak of poultry birds.
Mixer- used for the mixing of feed ingredients and premixes.
Hammer mill- used to shred or crush aggregate material into smaller pieces.
Push cart- use for transferring the feeds in the truck
Elf truck- to transport feeds in the farm and egg in the egg room.
Forward truck- use for delivering the eggs to the customer.
scale
Volume of Production

Production of Eggs for 2019

Months No. of days No. of % laying No. of No. of
chickens Efficiency Eggs /Day Eggs /Month
February 28 84,547 74% 62,850 1,759,800
March 31 83,100 72% 60,651 1,880,181
April 30 87,435 80% 70,270 2,108,100
May 31 86,174 76% 66,048 2,047,488
June 30 84,449 65% 55,490 1,664,700
July 31 102,018 64% 65,400 2,027,400
August 31 98,936 66% 65,810 2,040,110
September 30 96,437 69% 66,850 2,005,500
October 31 94,547 74% 70,580 2,187,980
November 30 93,187 74% 69,540 2,086,200
December 31 92,387 70% 64,712 2,006,072
January 31 86,252 62,610 1,940,910
Total 23,754,441
Production of Eggs for 2020
Months No. of days No. of % laying No. of No. of
chickens Efficiency Eggs /Day Eggs /Month
February 29 93,983 59% 56,193 1,629,597
March 31 92,487 78% 72,360 2,243,160
April 30 90,810 75% 68,280 2,048,400
May 31 76,504 79% 60,750 1,883,250
June 30 93,967 76% 71,820 2,154,600
July 31 81,399 79% 64,354 1,994,974
August 31 80,260 79% 64,022 1,984,682
September 30 99,996 70% 70,500 2,115,000
October 31 98,033 74% 72,840 2,258,040
November 30 80,922 85% 69,338 2,080,140
December 31 79,844 80% 63,960 1,982,760
January 31 80,605 50% 40,341 1,250,571
Total 23,625,270
Production of Eggs for 2021
Months No. of days No. of % laying No. of No. of
chickens Efficiency Eggs /Day Eggs /Month
February 28 76,246 80% 61,273 1,715,644
March 31 95,207 70% 67,190 2,082,890
April 30 93,085 80% 75,210 2,256,300
May 31 91,900 80% 71,231 2,208,161
June 30 88,900 76% 67,281 2,018,430
July 31 76,500 50% 38,558 1,195,298
August 31 75,100 80% 60,423 1,873,113
September 30 95,376 65% 62,820 1,884,600
October 31 94,040 68% 64,560 2,001,360
November 30 79,680 75% 60,480 1,814,400
December 31 94,557 68% 64,500 1,999,500
January 31 78,761 78% 61,980 1,921,380
Total 22,971,076
Production Process

Brooding Management

Feeding

Provision of Drinking Water

Lightning Program

Egg Collection

Removal of Waste

Medication and Vaccination

Culling

Figure ( ) shows the production process of the farm from brooding management up to culling
In the brooding management M.M Anupol brood layers until 5 weeks before moving to the
growing house. Layer chicken were fed 6am in the morning and 6pm in the afternoon. Layer
chicken were provided with potable water. Layer chicken also given extra light up to midnight.
The collection of eggs was done every morning between 6-8am. The waste removal are on the
other day to maintain cleanliness and odorless of cages.

Feeding
There are six feed types that are given to chicks. These are the Chick booster, Pre-Starter,
Grower, Pre-lay, Laying Mash.

Age of Bird Types of Feeds Form of Feeds Frequency of Feeding

0-4 weeks Chick Booster

4-8 weeks Pre-Starter

9-16 weeks Grower

17-20 weeks Pre-lay

20 weeks up Laying Mash

MARKETING
Marketing is the activity of a company associated with buying and selling a product or
services. It includes advertising, selling and delivering products to people. Marketing is
everything a company does to acquire customer and maintain a relationship with them.

7C’s of Marketing
1. Corporation
M.M Anupol Poultry Farm is a sole proprietorship type of business.
2. Commodity
The farm raises dekalb white chicken with an average live weight

3. Cost
The price of the egg is depending on their sizes, XL- 2,300 per case, L- 2,200 per case, M-2000
S-1,800 per case Peewee- 1,700 per case.
4. Channel

Channel of Distribution

Channel of Distribution

Talavera
25% 25% Laur
Cabanatuan
Muñoz

25% 25%

Mode of Payment
The mode of payment of the firm is thru cash and cheque.
5. Customer
The major customer of M.M Anupol Farm are Mr. Ong, Mr.Gonzales, Mrs. Mabuti and Mr. Pogi
6. Communication
The farm directly communicates to the customers.
7. Circumstances
One of the circumstances of the farm is the unfavorable weather condition and temperature. Too
much hot and too much cold can affect the performance of the chickens. Another circumstances
of the farm are the diseases and virus such as bird flu which can greatly affect the performance of
the farm.
 Chapter 5
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Organization
Identified Problem
 Chapter 6
ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION
Organization
1.