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६. परीक्षा र मुल्यांकन
६. परीक्षा र मुल्यांकन
cfwf/e"t tx M @ k|Zg
&= d"Nof+sg / k/LIff
&=! dfkg / d"Nof+sgaLr leGgtf, d"Nof+sgsf k|sf/, ;fwg /
ljz]iftf
d"Nof+sg / k/LIff &=@ k/LIffsf] cy{ / k|sf/ -ljifout, j:t'ut, :t/Ls[t /
lzIfs lgld{t k/LIff_
&=# k|Zgkq lgdf{0f, ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf, k|Zgx¿sf]
ljZn]if0f, j}wtf / ljZj;gLotf
&=$ lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL, cIf/fª\sg k4lt / g]kfnsf]
;Gbe{df lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLsf] cj:yf
dfWolds tx M ! k|Zg
^=d"Nof+sg / k/LIff
^=! k/LIff / d"Nof+sgsf] cjwf/0ff, k|sf/, ;fwg / ljz]iftf k/LIff, dfkg / d"Nof+sgsf]
^=@ k|Zgkq lgdf{0f, ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf, k|Zgx¿sf] cjwf/0ff,
ljZn]if0f, j}wtf / ljZj;gLotf
^=# lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL, cIf/f+sg k4lt k|sf/,
^=$ k/LIffkmnsf] ljZn]if0f / k|of]u, ljBfyL{ pknlAw /fli6«o ;fwg /
k/LIf0f (NASA) k|ltj]bg
ljz]iftf
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k|Zgx? k|Zgx?
!= b]xfosfdWo] s'g cjwf/0ff ;a}eGbf gjLg xf] < #= lgodfg';f/ c+sg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ s] elgG5 <
s_ dfkg s_ dfkg v_ k/LIf0f
v_ k/LIf0f u_ cfFsng 3_ d"Nof+sg
u_ cfFsng $= g]kfnL ljifodf s'g} ljBfyL{n] !)) k"0ff{+sdf ^% c+s k|fKt
3_ d"Nof+sg u/\of] eg] of] b]xfosfdWo] s] xf] <
@= dfqfTds cleJolQm b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] < s_ dfkg
s_ dfkg v_ k/LIf0f
v_ k/LIf0f u_ cfFsng
u_ cfFsng 3_ d"Nof+sg
3_ d"Nof+sg
k|Zgx? k|Zgx?
%= d"Nof+sgsf] kl/efiff;Fu ;a}eGbf a9L d]n vfg] zAb s'g xf] < &= l;sfOsf] j}wtf lgwf{/0f s'g d"Nof+sgn] ub{5 <
s_ sdhf]/L kQfnufpg' v_ k/LIff lng' s_ lgdf{0ffTds v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f
u_ d"No lgwf{/0f 3_ c+sg ug'{ u_ lg0f{ofTds 3_ lgbfgfTds
^= ljBfyL{sf] k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{' s'g d"Nof+sgsf] k|sf/ xf] < *= lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sgsf] d'Vo k|of]hg s] xf] <
s_ lgdf{0ffTds s_ n]vfhf]vf ug'{
v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f v_ klxrfg ug'{
u_ lg0f{ofTds u_ lg0f{o lbg'
3_ lgbfgfTds 3_ ;'wf/ ug'{
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Evaluation मूल्यांकन
(Judgement) d"Nof+sg, cfFsng, dfkg / k/LIf0fdWo]
;a}eGbf k'/fgf] cjwf/0ff dfkg xf]
Assessment आकलन/लेखयजोखय
;a}eGbf gjLg cjwf/0ff cfFsng xf] .
(Data interpretation)
Measurement मयपन
(Data collection)
Test परीक्षण/परीक्षय
(Exam Conduction)
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dfkgsf r/0fx?
dfkg -Measurement_
ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/nfO{ lglZrt lgodx?sf] cfwf/df cª\s dfkgsf r/0f
k|bfg ul/g] . yg{8fOs PG8 x]u]gsf cg';f/ -# r/0f_
dfkg ug'{kg]{ u'0f jf ljif]ztfsf] klxrfg tyf kl/efiff ug'{
dfkg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/e"t ;fwg tyf k|lqmof xf] .
dfkg ug'{kg]{ u'0fx¿ k|fKt ug{sf nflu cfjZos sfo{ tyf
z}lIfs tyf dgf]j}1flgs If]qdf JolQmsf u'0fx? ef}lts
lg0f{ox¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{
u'0fx? h:tf] dfkg ug{ ;lsb}g .
cjnf]sg ul/Psf kl/df0fx¿nfO{ ;+VofTds sygdf JoQm ug]{
dfkgnfO{ ef}lts dfkg / dgf]j}1flgs dfkg u/L b'O{ k|lqmofsf] :yfkgf ug'{
ju{df juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
;a}eGbf k'/fgf] cjwf/0ff dfkg
d"Nof+sg
n]vfhf]vf jf cf+sng -Assessment_ dfkg / d"No lgwf{/0fsf] ;lDdlnt :j?k
l;sfO;DaGwL ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ / ltgLx¿sf] l;sfO
s'g} klg j:t'sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmof
k|ultaf/] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof,
ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n eP gePsf] eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f
cfFsngn] kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds n]vfhf]vfsf] ;fy}
u'0fsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] dfkb08nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g,] ug]{ sfo{,
cfFsngn] u'0fnfO{ dfkg ug]{, o;sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug'{sf lg0f{o ug{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ lj1fg
;fy} pknlAwnfO{ k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08;Fu t'ngf klg ub{5 o;n] j:t' jf k|lqmofsf] kl/df0ffTds tyf u'0ffTds n]vfhf]vf
. u5{ . -cfFsngn] k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08;Fu klg t'ngf u5{ ._
;du|df cfFsng eg]sf] s'g} klg j:t' jf k|lqmofdf /x]sf] o;n] slt 5 / s:tf] 5 < b'j} k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbG5 .
u'0fnfO{ k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08x¿;Fu t'ngf ul/g] k|lqmof xf] d"Nof+sgdf k/LIf0f / u}/ k/LIf0fsf ;fwgx? k|of]u ul/G5g\ .
.
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lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg
:yfg lgwf{/0ffTds d"Nof+sg
/rgfTds, ;'wf/fTds, ;lqmo, cGtl/d d"Nof+sg
ljBfyL{nfO{ pko'Qm sIff jf sf];{df egf{ u/fpgsf nflu ljBfnodf cgf}krfl/s d"Nof+sg, lg/Gt/ k|s[ltsf]
egf{ u/fpg'eGbf cl3 lnOg] d"Nof+sgnfO{ :yfg lgwf{/0f d"Nof+sg l;sfO / lzIf0fdf ;'wf/ d'Vo p2]Zo
elgG5 . l;sfOsf nflu d"Nof+sg
of] ljz]ift gofF ljBfyL{nfO{ pko'Qm sIffdf egf{ u/fpgsf nflu lnOg] lzIfs ljBfyL{ b'j}nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg]
ul/G5 .
l;sfOsf] k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 .
A placement test is a test given by a school to
sIff sfo{, u[x sfo{, PsfO k/LIff, q}dfl;s k/LIff, cjnf]sg
determine the academic or skill level of a student,
df}lvs k|Zg, xflh/L hjfkm cflb lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sgsf ;fwg .
especially a new student, in order to place them in
the correct class. Students are required to take
placement tests before registering.
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nfu" ug'{ .
lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
lzIfs ljBfyL{ aLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod u/fpg' .
k'gM lzIf0f (Remedial teaching) lgbfgM pTtd, dWod /
ljBfyL{sf ;Dk"0f{ cg'ej / Jojxf/x?sf] b}lgs n]vfhf]vf ug'{ .
sdhf]/
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k/LIffsf lsl;dx?
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dfkgsf ;fwg
:t/o'Qm k/LIf0f / lzIfs lgld{t k/LIf0f
k|fdfl0fs / u}/k|fdfl0fs cyjf lzIfs lgld{t -s_ :t/o'Qm -k|fdfl0fs_ k/LIff
k/LIff ;~rfng k|lqmof / pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ug]{ ljlw k"j{
-:t/Ls[t / :t/lgwf{/0f gePsf] k/LIff_ 3f]lift / Ps} k|sf/sf] x'g] k/LIff .
j}wtf, ljZj;lgotf, j:t'lgi7tf / bIftf :t/o'Qm k/LIffsf
u'0fx¿
dfgssf] lgwf{/0f
ljifout j}wtfsf] sdL x'g] .
ljz]if1n] lgdf{0f u/]sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfj]z . h:t} M /fli6«o jf
k|b]z:t/sf k/LIff
k|Zgkq lgdf{0f / k/LIf0fdf Ps¿ktf
dfkgsf ;fwg
-v_ lzIfs lgld{t jf u}/k|fdfl0fs k/LIf0f d"Nof+sgsf u}/k/LIf0f ;fwgx?
s'g} kf7 jf ljifoj:t'sf] lzIf0fkl5 ck]lIft pknAwL dfkg ug{
lzIfsåf/f ;~rfng, k/LIf0f, c+sg / JofVof ul/g] k/LIff cjnf]sg -?h' ;"rL / >]0fLdfkg_
o;nfO{ sIffsf]7fsf] k/LIf0f klg elgg]
36gfj[Q clen]v
dfgs lgwf{/0f gx'g] . sIffsf ljBfyL{aLr pknlAwsf] t'ngf
ul/g] . ;l~rt clen]v
t'ngfTds ¿kdf ljZj;lgotf sd ePklg ljifout j}wtf pRr
x'G5 . cfTdd"Nof+sg
ljBfyL{sf] of]Uotf,¿lr / cfjZostf kQf nufpg k|of]u . cj:yf cWoog cflb
ljgf of]hgf, 5f]6f] / cbIf k/LIffsf] k|of]u .
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ljlzli6s/0f tflnsf
cjwf/0ff
kf7\oqmdsf ;a} p2]Zo ;d]6\g] u/L k|Zg lgdf{0f ug{ agfOg]
of]hgf÷tflnsf .
o;df k|Zg slt ;f]Wg], lsg ;f]Wg], sxfFaf6 ;f]Wg], s'g txsf k|Zg
;f]Wg] eGg]h:tf s'/f ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ . ljBfno lzIffsf] d"Nofª\sg k4lt
pQm tflnsfdf kf7\oqmdsf p2]Zo, ljifoj:t', cª\sef/, ;do
cflbnfO{ Vofn u/L s'g PsfOaf6 s:tf / sltcf]6f k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg],
s'g k|Zg slt cª\ssf] /fVg], s'g k|ZgnfO{ slt ;do lbg], k|Zgdf
1fg, ;Lk / pRr IfdtfnfO{ s'gs'g k|Zgaf6 d"Nofª\sg ug]{h:tf
s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfn] ljifoj:t'ut j}wtf lgwf{/0f ug{ lgb]{lzt
ub{5 .
k/LIffsf] :t/Ls/0f, Ps¿ktf / j}wtfsf nflu ljlzi6Ls/0f
tflnsfn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 .
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/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ df d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ df d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL
ljBfyL{x¿sf] d"Nofª\sg / k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu ljBfno :t/Lo k/LIff / ;fwf/0f wf/tkm{ ;fj{hlgs k/LIffsf k|To]s ljifodf @% k|ltzt ef/sf]
afx\o ;fj{hlgs k/LIff ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . cfGtl/s / &% k|ltzt ef/sf] afx\o d"Nofª\sg x'g]5
ljBfnodf cfwfl/t k/LIffcGtu{tsf] sIff ! b]lv & tyf sIff ( sf] ;a} sIffdf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf :jod\ ljBfnosf] x'g]5 . o;sf nflu sIff & ljBfno :t/Lo / ;fj{hlgs k/LIff ;~rfng ubf{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug{]
;Dd lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ dN"ofªs\g k|0ffnL cjnDag ul/g]5 . lgsfon] /fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\åf/f :jLs[t
sIff *, !) tyf !! / !@ df j|mdzM :yfgLo, k|b]z / ;ª\3Lo txdf d"Nofª\sg;DaGwL 9fFrf / kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] tof/ u/]sf] ljifout
;fj{hlgs k/LIff ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfadf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .
;fj{hlgs k/LIffsf ;a} ljifodf cfGtl/s / afx\o d"Nofª\sg k4lt -ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg;DaGwL 9fFrf M kl/ifbn] :jLs[t ug]{
sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . ljifout ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf M kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n]_
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sIff !–# sf] kf7\oqmd @)&^ df d"Nof+sg sIff !–# sf] kf7\oqmd @)&^ df d"Nof+sg
cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff !—# df cf}krfl/s k|s[ltsf] cfjlws k/LIff qm=;+= d"Nof+sgsf tl/sf jf ;fwg -( j6f_
;~rfng u/L ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOsf] d"Nofª\sg cyf{t\ lg0f{ofTds k|of]hgsf] ! cjnf]sg
k/Dk/fut k4ltsf] d"Nofª\sgn] afnaflnsfnfO{ l;sfOsf nflu k|f]T;fxg df}lvs sfo{
@
ug{] / l;sfOdf ;xof]u ug{] sfo{df of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{
cfTd;ft\ ul/Psf] # lnlvt sfo{
ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgn] pgLx¿nfO{ l;sfOsf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug'{sf ;fy} $ kl/of]hgf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{
l;sfO ;'wf/sf nflu dfu{k|z:t ug'{kb{5 eGg] b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t % sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf k|bz{g
ul/Psf]
^ ;xkf7L d"Nofª\sg
l;sfOsf nflu d"Nofª\sgdf hf]8
& :jd"Nofª\sg
| * cleefjssf] k|ltlj|mof
( s'/fsfgL, 5nkmn
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l;sfOsf nflu lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg rj|m kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ l;sfOsf nflu lg/Gt/
d"Nofª\sgsf ;fdfGo dfkb08
sIff !–% sIff ^–&
-% j6f dfkb08 _ -^+!Ö& j6f dfkb08_
!= sIff sfo{ -sIff != sIff sfo{
;xeflutf_ @= sIff ;xeflutf
@= kl/of]hgf sfo{ #= k|of]ufTds / kl/of]hgf sfo{
#= Jojxf/df kl/jt{g $= Jojxf/ kl/jt{g
$= l;h{gfTds sfo{ %= l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿
%= xflh/L ^= pknlAw k/LIff
&= lzIfsn] rfx]sf cGo kIf yKg ;lsg]
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•ljBfyL{sf]/fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug]{ pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf sIff / jif{
sfo{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n] ub{5 . ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf -@))(–!%_ sf] ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)!^–@#_ sf]
•ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf @)^^–)&@ n] u/]sf] Joj:yf cjlwdf cjlwdf
@)^* @)^( @)&) @)&@ @)&# @)&$ @)&% @)&^ -;g\ -;g\
cg'?k z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]G› :yfkgf lj=;+= -;g\ -;g\ @)!@_ -;g\ -;g\ @)!%_ -;g\ -;g\ -;g\ -;g\ @)@!_ @)@@_
@)^^ sflt{s !# df ePsf] . @)!!_ @)!# @)!& @)!* @)!(_ @)@)_
_ _
•ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgfsf] kfnfdf sIff #, % / * df sIff * sIff # / % sIff sIff # / % sIff sIff sIff sIff * sIff % sIff
/fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf], * * % !) df !) df
x'g]
•ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf @)&#–)*) n] sIff %, * / g]kfnL, sIff % df g]kfnL sIff % df g]kfnL, g]kfnL g]kfnL, g]kfnL,
!) df /fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug]{ ul0ft / g]kfnL, , g]kfnL, ul0ft, / ul0ft, ul0ft,
Joj:yf u/]sf] ., ;fdflh ul0ft / ul0ft ul0ft / lj1fg ul0ft lj1fg lj1fg
s c+u|]hL tyf / c+u|]hL tyf / / /
sIff # df lj1f sIff # df c+u|]hL c+u|]hL c+u|]hL
g]kfnL / g g]kfnL /
ul0ft ul0ft
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NASA - Report
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_
sIff ÷jif{ sIff *
÷ljifo ;g\ @)!& -z}lIfs jif{ @)&#_ df sIff * sf] g]kfnL, ul0ft /
lj1fg ljifosf nflu k/LIf0f ;~rfng ul/Psf] .
;g\ @)!! ;g\ @)!#
k|Zgsf] sl7gfOsf cfwf/df ^ cf]6f :t/ -Standards_
g]kfnL ul0ft ;fdflhs g]kfnL ul0ft lj1fg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
/fli6«o 49 43 49 48 35 41
ljBfyL{sf] cGQ/lglxt Ifdtf -Talent ability_ nfO{ :s]n
cf}ift cÍ -Scale score_ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .
5fqf 49 41 49 48 33 39
5fq 48 45 50 48 38 43
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gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_ gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_
d'Vo glthf
k|Zgx¿ 5gf]6, glthf k|flKt / ljZn]if0fsf nflu
ul0ft / lj1fgsf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLsf] glthf t'ngfTds
k/LIf0f;DaGTwL cfw'lgs l;4fGQ Item Response ¿kdf /fd|f] /x]sf]
Theory -IRT_ sf] k|of]u ul//Psf] 5 . k|b]z # sf ljBfyLx¿sf] pknlAw ;a} ljifodf pRr /x]sf]
tYofÍ ljZn]if0fsf nflu SPSS / Conquest ;ˆ6j]o/sf 5 eg] g]kfnLdf k|b]z @, ul0ftdf k|b]z ^ / lj1fgdf k|b]z !
;fy} tYof+szf:qLo l;4fGtx¿sf] k|of]u u/L gd"gfsf sf ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 .
cfwf/df ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyLsf] ef/ lgsfnL ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyLsf ul0ft / lj1fgdf 5fqx¿sf] Ifdtf s]xL pRr /x]sf] kfOof]
eg] g]kfnLdf 5fqf 5fqsf] pknlAwaLt vf;} leGgtf b]lvPg
nflu glthfsf] cg'dfg u/L efl/t cf};t k|:t't ul/Psf] .
cf};t -Mean_ cÍ %)) / :t/Lo ljrng %) lglZrt u/L /fli6«o cf};t ;a} ljifosf] %)) lgwf{/0f u/L To;sf] cfwf/df
To;}sf cfwf/df glthf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . t'ngf ubf{ k|b]zcg';f/ ljleGg ljifosf] glthf lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
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gd"gf k|Zgx?
pQ/
(=ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgfn] lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLnfO{ slt !=u
sIff;Dd nfu" ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] < @=v
-s_ sIff ^ ;Dd -v_ sIff & ;Dd #=s
$=3
-u_ sIff * ;Dd -3_ sIff % ;Dd
%= s
!)=sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^ n] pknlAw k/LIf0fnfO{ ^= 3
cIf/f+sg;Fu t'ngf ubf{ ^) b]lv &% k|fKtf+snfO{ s;/L JofVof &= u
ul/Psf] 5 < *= v
-s_ dWod -v_ ;fdfGo (= v
-u_ pRr -3_ /fd|f] !)=3
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Thank
You
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