New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter 18

Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to learn p.1/3

Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to

learn
(Note: The overseas examination boards bear no responsibility for the suggested answers
contained in this publication. Answers for HKCEE and HKALE questions are not available due
to copyright restrictions.)

Ch 18 Homeostasis
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 18-14)
1 C
2 B

Short questions (p. 18-14)

3 a negative feedback 1m
b opposite 1m
c restore 1m
d lowers 1m

4 On graph:
Mark ‘X’ between 1 hour and 2 hour 1m
Mark ‘Y’ between 0.25 hour and 1 hour 1m

Structured questions (p. 18-14)

5 a Any three from: 1m x 3
Blood glucose level of both man rise in the first half hour.
Blood glucose level of diabetic men shows a greater / faster increase in first half hour.
Between 30 to 60 minutes, blood glucose level of non-diabetic men decreases while
blood glucose level of diabetic men increases.
After one hour the blood glucose level of non-diabetic men is lower than original
while the blood glucose level of diabetic men is higher than original.
b i Insulin causes a fall in blood glucose level. 1m
Blood glucose level does not decrease in diabetic men / decrease only seen in
non-diabetic men. 1m

 Oxford University Press 2009

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter 18
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ii Any two from: 1m x 2

Body cells need glucose for respiration, which is obtained from the blood.
Too high concentration in blood lowers the water potential of blood,
osmosis occurs which causes water to leave the cells.
Water from the cells enters the blood by osmosis, causing a change in blood
pressure / pH
which would cause coma / death / fainting / nausea / kidney damage.
c Any three from: 1m x 3
Low blood glucose level detected by the pancreas.
Glucagon secreted
by pancreas
which stimulates the liver cells to convert more glycogen to glucose.
More glucose released into the blood / from the liver.

6 HKCEE Human Biology 2001 I Q2b

Essay (p. 18-15)

7 Principle of negative feedback: Any two from: 1m x 2
Negative feedback mechanism maintains constant internal conditions in the body.
A change from the normal level / set point is detected.
A corrective mechanism is switched on / activated.
When condition returns to its normal level / set point, the corrective mechanism will be
switched off.
Maintenance of blood glucose levels: Any six from: 1m x 6
The change in blood glucose / sugar level is detected by the pancreas.
If the blood glucose / sugar level increases, more insulin is secreted.
Insulin increases uptake of glucose by the body cells.
Liver converts more glucose to glycogen / more glucose is converted to glycogen and
stored in liver.
until the blood glucose / sugar level returns to normal / set point.
If blood glucose / sugar level decreases, more glucagon is secreted.
Glucagon increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
Glucose is then released into blood
until the blood glucose / sugar level returns to normal / set point.

 Oxford University Press 2009

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter 18
Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to learn p.3/3

Reading to learn (p. 18-16)

1 Bernard discovered that the liver acts as a reserve of carbohydrates for the body by
converting glucose to glycogen or vice versa. 1m
From this, he recognized the role of the liver in regulating blood glucose level which led
him to further investigate homeostasis.
His ideas were also further developed by other scientists. 1m

2 ‘Homeostasis’ means ‘to stay the same’ in Greek. 1m

This word does not accurately describe the condition of the internal environment because
the internal environment is kept within narrow ranges instead of staying the same. 1m

3 Water content / oxygen content / carbon dioxide content in blood / body temperature
(or other correct answer) 1m

 Oxford University Press 2009