Provide a user interface

Manage programs

Manage memory

Coordinate tasks

Configure devices

Monitor performance
Software- is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well- Establish an Internet connection
defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to
solve a particular problem. Provide file management and other device or media-related tasks

There are two types of software Updating operating system software

System Software Control a network

Application Software Administer security

System Software

The system software is a collection of programs designed to

operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the
computer itself. System software is generally prepared by the
computer manufacturers. These software products comprise of
programs written in low-level languages, which interact with the
hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the
interface between the hardware and the end users.

Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that coordinate all the

activities among computer or mobile device hardware.

Start and shut down a computer

Operating System Functions
Starting Computers and Mobile Devices
If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to
turn it on
The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting
Cold boot
Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely
Warm boot
Using the operating system to restart a computer (discussed earlier
in module 1)
An operating system includes various power options:
Sleep mode saves any open documents running programs or apps
to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the
computer in a low-power state
Hibernate mode saves any open documents and running programs
or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the
computer or device.
User interface (UI)
Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information
is displayed on the screen
With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and
visual images
In a command-line interface, a user types commands represented
by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions
Manage Multitasking Environment
How an operating system handles programs directly affects your
productivity
Single tasking-allows a single user to perform only one task at a
time is called a Single-User Single-Tasking Operating System.
Functions like printing a document, downloading images, etc., can
be performed only one at a time
Multitasking-allows a single user to perform more than one task at
a time is called Single-User Multitasking Operating System
Foreground and background
A priority assigned to programs running in a multitasking
environment. The foreground contains the applications the user is
working on, and the background contains the applications that are
behind the scenes, such as certain operating system functions, Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install or
printing a document or accessing the network. connect them

Single user and multiuser POINT for Discussion:

A Single-User Operating System is a system in which only one user How to uninstall a device attached to the computer.
can access the computer system at a time like a common used in a
Monitoring Performance
desktop or laptop computer. A Multi-User Operating System is a
system that allows more than one user to access a computer system A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports
at one time like a server allowing users to connect. information about various computer resources and devices
Memory management

optimizes the use of the computer or device’s internal memory.

Virtual memory

is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM

The operating system determines the order in which tasks are

processed

Many programs, including operating systems, include an automatic

update feature that regularly provides new features or corrections
to the program.

Connectivity

Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet

connections
External Device Management

A driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to

communicate with a specific device
Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools used in larger type of computers and small ones like mobile
related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs computers.

*Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a

network

*These multiuser operating systems allow multiple users to share a

printer, Internet access, files, and programs

*A network administrator uses the server operating system to:

*Add and remove users, computers, and other devices
*Configure the network, install software and administer network
security
A desktop operating system is a complete operating system that
works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
Windows 10 is meant to unify desktop PC’s, Windows tablets, and
Windows smart Phones with one interface, one way of operating
and one account:

User management

A user account enables a use to sign in to, or access resources on, a

network or computer

*A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user

*A password is a private combination of characters associated with

the user name

Types of Operating Systems

Most operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer

you purchase. Most of time, people use the operating system that
comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even
change operating systems. For some cases, operating systems are
The latest versions of Windows offer these features Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system by Google.

*Uses tiles to access apps Server Operating Systems

*Includes the desktop interface
*Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
*Email app, calendar app, and browser included
A server operating system, also called a server OS, is an operating
system specifically designed to run on servers, which are specialized
computers that operate within a client/server architecture to serve
the requests of client computers on the network

*Photos, files, and settings you can sync with OneDrive

*Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall, and

automatic updates

*Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase

The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its

ease of use

Latest version is OS X Mobile operating system

The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer

electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on
firmware.

UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed in the early

1970s.

Linux is a popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system

Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed to work

primarily with web apps
Android is an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system
designed by Google for smartphones and tablets
iOS, developed by Apple, is a proprietary mobile operating system
specifically made for Apple’s mobile devices
Windows Phone, developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile
operating system that runs on some smartphones
Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file
management
Displaying a list of files
Organizing files in folders
Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders
A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your
computer based on criteria you specify
An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries
in the system files
An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the
contents of a graphics file
A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program files
Temporary Internet files
Deleted files
Unused program files
A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and unused space on a
computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data
more quickly and programs run faster
Defragmenting – the scattering of files in different sectors of the
hard disk
A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage
medium
A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to
their original form
A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving
image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time
A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from
unauthorized intrusions
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that
affects a computer negatively
A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network
A Trojan horse hides within or looks like a legitimate program
An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses
Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information about the user
A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar
programs
Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up
window

An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware

Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being
displayed

Anti-spam programs

Web filters

Phishing filters

Pop-up blockers

A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)

Compressing files frees up room on the storage media

Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files

Can be uncompressed

A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to

audio, and watch video files on your computer