2022

REPORT ON ENVIRONMENT CHANGES AND

INITIATIVES TAKEN

Priya Kumari

1/1/2022
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Climate change: Introduction

Businesses nowadays understand that they are not just working for the present but also for the future. Responsible companies are taking steps
to decrease their carbon footprints as climate change, and other environmental challenges gain prominence and touch all aspects of our lives.
Small actions can have a tremendous impact on the environment.

Activities such as electricity generation, industrial processes, and transportation contribute to GHG emissions. Currently, power and
transportation are the primary sources of emissions and the most cost-effective ways to reduce them. With growing levels of human activity,
the global temperature has risen significantly since the Industrial Revolution, incredibly steeply over the last 40 years. IPCC has stated that if
global warming is kept below 1.50°C, irreversible climate change effects can be averted. Above this point, our environment and biodiversity
will undergo significant and long-term changes.

Adaptation is critical for lowering climate change exposure and risk. In ecological systems, transformation entails self-adjustment due to
environmental and evolutionary processes. Adaptation in human systems can be proactive or reactive and incremental and/or transformative.
In anticipation of climate change and its consequences, the latter modifies the essential characteristics of a social-ecological system. There are
challenging and soft limits to adaptation.

The term "resilience" has a wide range of connotations in the literature. Adaptation is frequently organized around resilience, defined as the
ability to bounce back, and return to a former state after a disturbance. In a broader sense, the phrase refers not just to the ability to sustain
core function, identity, and structure but also to the ability to change.

Climate change has wreaked havoc on terrestrial, river, coastal, and open ocean marine ecosystems, with increasingly permanent losses.
Climate change impacts are more significant in scope and amplitude than prior studies predicted. Climate change has caused widespread
deterioration of ecosystem structure and function, resilience and natural adaptive ability, and seasonal timing alterations, all of which have
had negative socio-economic repercussions. Approximately half of the species studied worldwide have moved poleward or, on land, to higher
elevations. Increases in the amplitude of heat extremes, mass death events on land and in the ocean, and the loss of kelp forests, have caused
hundreds of local species losses. Some losses, such as the first species extinctions caused by climate change, are irreversible. Other effects,
such as hydrological changes caused by glacier retreat or changes in some mountain and Arctic ecosystems caused by permafrost thaw, are
reaching irreversibility.

According to a recent paper in Oceanography led by the Ecological Forecasting program area, climate change is producing rapid changes in the
ocean, and NASA's network of Earth observations is essential to understanding and responding to these shifts. The study, titled Integrating
Biology into Ocean Observing Infrastructure: Society Depends on It, is in a particular journal observing supplement.
Approximately 10% of the global population relies on fisheries for a living, with up to 30.6 million people employed in global fisheries — coral
reef tourism alone generates $35.8 billion in annual economic value. Climate change, pollution, and development activities, on the other hand,
are destroying coral reefs and jeopardizing the entire industry. And that figure doesn't take into account the diverse array of marine species
that depends on coral ecosystems to thrive.
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Some responses to reducing climate change hazards, such as maladaptation and the adverse side effects of some emissions reduction and
carbon dioxide removal strategies, pose a risk. Climate-related threats to biodiversity, water, food security, and livelihoods can be
compounded by large-scale afforestation of naturally unforested land, or poorly executed bioenergy, with or without carbon capture and
storage, especially in countries with insecure land tenure.

During overshoot, the risk of severe consequences increases with each extra degree of global warming. Increased wildfires, mass tree
mortality, drying of peatlands, and thawing of permafrost, all of which degrade natural land carbon sinks and increase greenhouse gas
emissions, have already been documented in high-carbon ecosystems (which currently store 3,000 to 4,000 GtC). The consequent contribution
to possible global warming amplification suggests that returning to a particular global warming level or below would be more difficult.

Effects of climate changes

Climate change is already having an impact all around the world. According to the IPPC's 5th Assessment Report, there has been a 0.850C
increase in average surface temperature since 1880. This may seem modest compared to daily temperature changes, but to illustrate how little
global temperature changes may have a significant impact, the Earth's surface temperature would be decreased by 50 degrees Celsius,
ushering in a full ice age.

Other current changes include:

1. The rise of the sea level (global sea level has increased by 0.19m between 1910 and 2010)
2. Global average increase of 0.110C between 1971 and 2010 in sea surface temperature
3. Decrease in sea ice (2016 saw the lowest winter sea ice ever recorded, beating the 2015 record)
4. Precipitation changes (Some areas of the Earth are becoming seeing more intense flooding while others are seeing severe droughts)
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5. Changes in El Nino strength (Because El Nino severity is influenced by sea surface temperatures, rising temperatures will result in more
powerful El Ninos, resulting in flooding, droughts, wildfires, and famines.
6. Acidification of the Oceans has decreased by 0.1 on the pH scale since the beginning of the industrial era).

As the global temperature rises, the severity of these effects will also increase. 20 unique billion-dollar climate disasters struck the United
States in 2021 (NOAA, 2022), inflicting $145 billion in damage and killing 648 people (NOAA, 2022). This demonstrates that the threat of
climate change is real, relevant, and unavoidable.

Climate change: Present scenario

Human influence is most certainly the primary cause of global glacier retreat since the 1990s and the decline in Arctic sea ice extent between
1979 and 2019. (decreases of about 40 percent in September and about 10 percent in March). Due to geographically opposed tendencies and
substantial internal variability, there has been no discernible trend in Antarctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2020. Since 1950, human influence
has contributed to a drop in the Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover.

Between 1901 and 2018, the global mean sea level has risen by 0.20 [0.15 to 0.25] m. Between 1901 and 1971, the average annual rate of sea-
level rise was 1.3 [0.6 to 2.1] millimeters yr–1, increasing to 1.9 [0.8 to 2.9] mm yr–1 between 1971 and 2006, and then to 3.7 [3.2 to 4.2] mm
yr–1 between 2006 and 2018. (high confidence). Since at least 1971, human influence has been the primary driver of these increases.

The yearly average Arctic sea ice area fell to its lowest level since at least 1850 between 2011 and 2020. The expanse of Arctic sea ice in late
July was smaller than in at least the last 1000 years. Since the 1950s, the worldwide nature of glacial retreat has been unparalleled in at least
the previous 2000 years, with practically all of the world's glaciers retreating simultaneously.

Environmental dangers are responsible for almost a quarter of all deaths and disease burden worldwide, amounting to more than 13 million
deaths per year. Human health and development require a healthy environment. Air pollution alone causes seven million needless deaths per
year, with more than 90 percent of people breathing dirty air and almost 3000 million people still relying on polluting fuels like solid fuels or
kerosene for lighting, cooking, and heating. More than half of the world's population continues to be subjected to unsafely managed water,
inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene, resulting in over 800,000 avoidable deaths per year.

New environmental, climatic, and health hazards surfaced, necessitating quick detection and treatment. Recent examples include electronic
waste management, nanoparticles, microplastics, and endocrine-disrupting substances. With a raised pace of technological evolution, new
corporate structures (like digital platforms, subcontracting, and teleworking), present migration, environmental change, and rising water
scarcity, the world is rapidly changing; it must be able to recognize and respond to such changes and emerging issues quickly.
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Net-Zero Emission: Introduction

To achieve net-zero emissions, we must remove as much CO2 from the atmosphere as we release. While international sustainability initiatives
are increasing, some sectors are more difficult to decarbonize than others. Heavy sectors, like iron and steel production, and transportation,
such as aircraft, shipping, and road haulage, are complicated to electrify.

New climate-tech solutions, such as carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technology that prevent CO2 emissions from the heavy
industry from reaching the environment, are needed to reduce emissions in these sectors. Synthetic fuels can be used as drop-in replacements
for fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel in planes, ships, and trucks. Many innovative emissions-reducing technologies are still in the early stages
of development, and their economic viability has yet to be established.

Wind and solar power are rapidly becoming less expensive than fossil fuel alternatives, and technologies such as carbon capture and synthetic
fuels are assisting in the decarbonization of hard-to-electrify industries like steelmaking and aviation.

These — and other yet-to-be-developed — energy transition ideas are critical components of efforts to mitigate climate change. However,
despite progress, much of this technology has yet to be scaled up, and global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise. Before the epidemic
brought many countries to a virtual halt, annual global greenhouse gas emissions exceeded 50 gigatonnes. Nevertheless, emissions are again
on the rise as the world returns to normality.

Global Emission: Present scenario

In August 2021, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the first report in its Sixth Assessment cycle, covering the
"Physical Science Basis," in response to the increasingly evident indicators of climate change. According to the IPCC report, climate change and
extreme events may be traced to the build-up of manmade greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, which goes into significantly
more detail and with far more certainty than earlier assessments. Global warming will surely exceed 1.5°C in the next two decades, and
limiting warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C by the end of the century will be impossible without significant, quick, and large-scale reductions in GHG
emissions.
Global carbon dioxide emissions are rebounding to pre-COVID levels after a historical decline of 5.4 percent in 2020, but GHG concentrations in
the atmosphere continue to climb. In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic resulted in a record-breaking 5.4 percent reduction in global fossil carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions.
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Despite a significant reduction in CO2 emissions in 2020, the atmospheric CO2 content increased by roughly 2.3 parts per million, by recent
trends. Because the natural variability of approximately one part per million is significantly greater than the effect of a 5.4 percent reduction in
CO2 emissions in a single year, it is unlikely that the reductions in emissions in 2020 will be detectable in the atmospheric growth rate. Rapid
and persistent reductions in emissions are required to solve the climate crisis.

Over 140 nations had set or are contemplating net-zero objectives as of November 2, 2021, encompassing 90% of global emissions, compared
to 130 countries covering roughly 70% of emissions in May 2021.

The most recent large emitter to declare a net-zero objective in India. Along with China, the EU, and the United States, these four countries
accounted additionally half of global greenhouse gas emissions. Countries with a poor track record in combating climate change, like Australia,
Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates, felt compelled to commit to net-zero emissions.

Net-zero well-designed, and ambitious targets are critical for lowering global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions to zero by
2050 and 2070, respectively. This is required to stay inside the 1.5°C temperature limit set by the Paris Agreement. In the short and medium-
term, ambitious net-zero targets can also influence the implementation of Paris-aligned activities, particularly 2030 emission reduction goals.

Net-zero aims, at their worst, are ambiguous or unsupported by real-world activity. If 2030 targets and short-term action are incompatible
with their realization, net-zero ambitions can distract from the urgent need for profound emissions reductions, allowing governments to "hide"
behind aspirational net-zero targets. Governments' chances of achieving net-zero will be minimal unless they act soon.
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High-level political movements and enabling agreements are being developed. Long-term global initiatives to address dangers posed by the
environment have yielded valuable evidence and techniques. Evidence on solutions to substantially reduce the burden caused by unsafe
environments has accumulated. These notable successes demonstrate high returns on investments, such as benefits of reduced air pollution
and associated health gains from strategies to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions or the 5.5:1 return on investment in water and
sanitation.

Key Findings

1. The impacts of climate change are already more comprehensive and severe than expected.
With only 1.1 degrees Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit) of warming, climate change is already creating severe disruption in every corner of the
planet.

Droughts, high heat, and record floods threaten millions of people's food security and livelihoods. Since 2008, terrible floods and storms have
displaced more than 20 million people. Climate change has reduced agriculture yield growth in Africa by a third since 1961. Half of the world's
population now experiences water scarcity for at least one month each year. In many instances, wildfires are scorching more expansive areas
than ever before, causing irreversible changes to the terrain. The spread of vector-borne diseases like West Nile virus, Lyme disease, malaria,
and water-borne diseases like cholera is assisted by rising temperatures.

Climate change is also wreaking havoc on animals and ecosystems. Due to global warming, animals like the golden toad and the Bramble Cays
Melomys (a tiny rodent) have become extinct. Other creatures, including the flying fox, seabirds, and corals, are dying in large numbers, while
tens of thousands have relocated to higher latitudes and elevations.

2. In the short run, climate change will have considerably more significant consequences.
Even if the world rapidly decarbonizes, existing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and current emissions patterns will make some significant
climate impacts unavoidable by 2040. According to the IPCC, climate change will push 32-132 million people into extreme poverty in the next
decade. Food security will be jeopardized due to global warming, as will the incidence of heat-related mortality, heart disease, and mental
health issues.

Increased flood risk, for example, might result in an additional 48,000 diarrhea-related deaths in children under 15 years old in 2030 under a
high emissions scenario. Mangroves failing to mitigate sea-level rise, losses in sea-ice reliant species, and large-scale tree death will be
significant shifts for species and ecosystems.

3. With increased temperatures, risks will rise swiftly, resulting in irreversible climate change effects.
According to the paper, each tenth of a degree of further warming increases the risks to people, species, and ecosystems. Even limiting global
warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), as set out in the Paris Climate Agreement, isn't safe.

For example, with just 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, many glaciers worldwide will either vanish or lose the majority of their mass; an
additional 350 million people will confront water scarcity by 2030, and up to 14% of terrestrial species face severe extinction threats.

4. Inequity, conflict, and development issues make climate threats more vulnerable.
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Currently, 3.3 billion to 3.6 billion people live in nations that are extremely sensitive to climate change, with global hotspots centered on Small
Island Developing States, the Arctic, South Asia, Central, and South America, and much of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Inequity, conflict, and development issues, including poverty, poor governance, and restricted access to essential services like healthcare,
increase vulnerability to dangers and impede communities' ability to adapt to climate change. For example, from 2010-to 2020, mortality from
droughts, storms, and floods was 15 times higher in highly vulnerable countries than in countries with low susceptibility.

These urban and rural development patterns produce unequal climatic hazard experiences, rendering ecosystems more sensitive to climate
change. Ecological resilience is weakened by land-use change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and species exploitation. The loss of
ecosystems, in turn, exacerbates people's susceptibility.

Cities that develop across coastal wetlands, for example, destroy ecosystems that might have otherwise protected coastline communities from
sea-level rise, storm surges, and coastal floods. Residents' health, food security, access to clean water, and livelihoods may be harmed due to
these climate hazards, making them even more exposed to future  dangers.

5. Adaptation is necessary. There are viable solutions already in place, but additional assistance is
needed for vulnerable populations.

Adaptation is already included in the climate strategies of at least 170 countries, although many have yet to progress beyond the approach to
implementation. According to the IPCC, existing efforts are typically gradual, reactive, and small-scale, with most concentrating only on
immediate consequences or dangers. The gap between current adaption levels and those required persists due to a lack of financial resources.
By 2030 and 2050, the IPCC projects that poor nations' adaptation needs will total $127 billion and $295 billion per year, respectively.
Adaptation now accounts for only 4-8 percent of climate money tracked, which reached $579 billion in 2017-18.
If adequately funded and deployed more quickly, the existing adaptation strategy can minimize climate risks. The IPCC report for 2022 breaks
new ground by examining the feasibility, effectiveness, and potential for co-benefits such as improved health outcomes and poverty reduction
of various climate adaptation initiatives.

6. Climate action has a rapidly closing window of opportunity.

According to research, climate change puts people's and the planet's well-being in jeopardy. If we wait too long, the effects of climate change
will be so severe that our world will become unrecognizable.

The next several years present a small window of opportunity to achieve a sustainable, livable future. To change course, immediate, ambitious,
and concerted actions will be required to reduce emissions, enhance resilience, conserve ecosystems, and drastically increase funding for
adaptation and loss and damage mitigation.
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Companies committed to reduce Global Carbon Footprint

Agriculture Sector includes:

1. Land O'Lakes. The primary co-op helps agriculture start-ups get started and gives them the tools to practice environmentally-friendly
farming.
2. John Deere is a manufacturer of agricultural equipment. The farming equipment manufacturer plans to recycle 85 percent of materials
and cut carbon emissions on 90 percent of new items to establish a sustainable inventory.
3. Cargill. The organization tracks emissions to reduce carbon output across the supply chain, intending to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 10% by 2025.
4. Monsanto. The company first developed carbon-neutral agricultural production methods, which it now employs over millions of acres
of farmland.
5. Nutrien. According to the agricultural company, farmers are encouraged to use creative approaches to create healthy soil and
environmental sustainability.
6. Midland is owned by Archer Daniels Midland. The forward-thinking firm was one of the first to establish sustainability-focused labs and
provide resources to small farmers worldwide.
7. Agriculture in Indigo. The business hopes to capture 1 trillion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide from farming by supporting sustainable
soil practices.
8. Coca-Cola. The soda company is committed to sustainable agriculture, obtaining all critical ingredients sustainably by 2020 and
lowering its carbon impact by 25% by 2025.
9. Good eggs. The grocery delivery business reduces its carbon footprint by mandating a completely transparent supply chain and only
sourcing locally grown, sustainably raised products.
10. Organic Stonyfield By 2030, the company hopes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% by focusing on energy and trash saving and
sustainable packaging and shipping.

Automotive Sector Includes:

1. BMW. The BMW Group is consistently recognized as the world's most sustainable car manufacturer for its efforts to offer fuel-saving
and alternative cars with clean manufacturing processes.
2. Valeo. Valeo is ranked as the fifth most sustainable French firm in any industry, has invested millions in sustainability, and developed
creative solutions to reduce carbon emissions from its vehicles.
3. Honda. Because of its innovative techniques to reduce carbon emissions and build hydrogen fuel-powered vehicles, Honda is regarded
as one of the most fuel-efficient auto manufacturers in the United States.
4. Ford. Ford made a public target in 2010 to reduce carbon emissions by 30% in 15 years, but it achieved that goal in half the time thanks
to aggressive actions.
5. Tesla. Tesla is known for its electric automobiles, and everything it does is environmentally friendly, from the cars it makes to the
industrial processes that go into making them.
6. Toyota. Toyota pioneered the mass-market hybrid automobile with the Prius, and it continues to push the edge with creative designs to
reduce carbon emissions.
7. Subaru. Subaru and its parent business, Fuji Heavy, received a flawless grade in water productivity for not wasting water during the
manufacturing process.
8. Volkswagen. VW recently implemented sustainability ratings for all suppliers to better detect environmental risks and develop a
carbon-neutral production process.
9. Hyundai. Hyundai and Kia have made significant progress in developing high-efficiency sports cars that reduce fuel consumption and
carbon emissions.
10. Fiat-Chrysler. The corporation has reduced carbon emissions by a third and waste generated per vehicle by over 60% in the last several
years.

Retail Sector Includes:

1. Levi Strauss & Co. is a fashion house founded by Levi Strauss. Levi's is combating the fashion industry's renowned waste with a range of
recycled water bottle jeans and collaborations with other eco-friendly apparel businesses.
2. Walmart. Walmart stores are powered entirely by renewable energy, and the business has severed links with suppliers who engage in
carbon-intensive production or delivery operations.
3. Brooks. The running shoe manufacturer developed a biodegradable, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly sneaker.
4. Target. Target attempts to preserve light energy in all of its stores, and the corporation prioritizes eco-friendly products made of
sustainable materials.
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5. Nike. Nike has reinforced its ties with ecologically friendly suppliers worldwide, and it now offers a line of sustainable products
manufactured from recycled materials.
6. Patagonia. The outdoor retailer pledges to obtain at least 75% of its materials from sustainable sources, and it donates 1% of profits to
organizations dedicated to reducing carbon emissions and protecting the environment.
7. IKEA. Ikea sources all of its cotton and half of its wood from sustainable farms, and the company aims to become a net energy exporter
by 2020.
8. Panasonic. The electronics manufacturer relocated its headquarters to a LEED-certified facility to reduce employee commuting
emissions.
9. Home Depot is a store that sells a variety of. The business invests in eco-friendly products to promote conservation, such as lumber
from sustainable forest farms and updated energy usage in its stores.
10. REI. The outdoor cooperative maintains substantial sustainability criteria for its products and strives to ensure environmentally
beneficial operations across the supply chain.

Manufacturing Sector Includes:

1. Siemens has ambitious ambitions to use renewable energy at its factories to decrease carbon emissions in half and become carbon
neutral by 2030.
2. Johnson, S.C. The household goods company replaced nearly all of its coal-fired power with natural gas, saving millions of pounds of
waste.
3. Pratt & Whitney reduced 90 percent of the ingots it needed to create jet engine blades by employing innovative manufacturing
procedures, significantly reducing waste materials and decreasing factory emissions.
4. HP Inc. is a technology company based in California. The company redesigned its goods to make them 100% recyclable, and it has e-
waste recycling factories all around the world.
5. Unilever. In ten years, the Sustainable Living Plan intends to quadruple the company's revenue while halving its environmental effect.
6. DowDuPont. The corporation always pursues new sustainability targets, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 7% and non-
renewable energy use by 10% by 2020.
7. Samsung. To reduce waste, the electronics company is replacing plastic packaging with sustainable materials such as recycled materials
and bioplastics and changing product designs.
8. Philips. The company has substantially boosted its production energy efficiency and produces award-winning green products.
9. Umicore. Umicore, a top ten global sustainability company, recycles materials to recover more than 20 different types of metals that
can be reused.
10. Dixie Chemical Company is a chemical manufacturing company based in the United States. The company uses on-site recycling and
water reclamation procedures to reduce trash, water, and air pollution.

Software Sector Includes:

1. Google. The corporation uses renewable energy and buys enough to equal the amount of electricity it uses.
2. Dell employs big data analytics to evaluate energy consumption in its facilities and make adjustments as needed, such as switching to
wheat straw packaging, which requires 40% less energy to produce.
3. eBay. Thanks to a generous return policy and a used item marketplace, customers are encouraged to exchange or reuse products
rather than toss them away.
4. IBM. IBM's purpose is centred on sustainability, and the company is leading the way with intelligent buildings and water resource
management to minimize demand and promote sustainable energy.
5. Adobe. Adobe has received recognition for achieving net-zero energy, establishing LEED-certified offices, and reducing water
consumption by more than 60%.
6. Amazon. Amazon's massive data centers are powered by 10 renewable energy farms, which use energy-efficient lights and solar panels.
7. Facebook. By 2020, the corporation plans to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 75% and use entirely renewable energy.
8. Apple. The company runs entirely on renewable energy and has reduced its product's energy output by 70% in the last decade.
9. Intel. The IT firm is particularly concerned about water conservation, intending to lower its per-unit water consumption by 2020.
10. Microsoft. The corporation wants to minimize its carbon footprint by 75% by 2030, and it has an internal carbon fee that charges
divisions for carbon emissions to push them to be more environmentally conscious.

Government Sector Includes:

1. Helsinki. Helsinki's hotel rooms are environmentally friendly, encouraging citizens to cycle and stroll to keep the city clean.
2. Iceland's Rejkavik. By encouraging inhabitants to walk or take public transportation on the city's new hydrogen-powered buses, the city
hopes to eradicate greenhouse gas emissions by 2040.
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3. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Vancouver emits the fewest greenhouse gases of any large city in North America, and it has
efforts in place to improve the environment.
4. San Francisco is a city in California. The city is attempting to divert all of its waste from landfills over the next several years and has
outlawed damaging goods such as plastic bags and water bottles.
5. Berlin. The creative city has a vast network of electric bike charging stations, rental kiosks, and bike pathways to encourage inhabitants
to leave their automobiles at home.
6. Portland, Oregon, is a city in Oregon. Portland uses much more renewable energy than the national average, with renewable energy
accounting for one-third of total power generation.
7. Cape Town is the capital of South Africa. The city puts a lot of money towards renewable energy, wind power, public transportation,
and safer bike paths.
8. Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Stockholm is making sensible and environmentally friendly upgrades to eliminate the usage of fossil
fuels by 2040.
9. Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark. The city is routinely recognized for its extensive public transportation usage and is on track to
become the world's first carbon-neutral city by 2025.
10. Curitiba is a city in Brazil. The town recycles 70% of its waste and provides incentives for residents to recycle and reuse household
products.

Innovative Sector Includes:

1. Omni Earth. The company is changing the agricultural and lawn care industries with the ultimate renewable resource: worms for
improved soil and pesticide-free crops.
2. Bank of America, financial institution. With an innovative recycling program, the bank has reduced its paper usage by 32 percent over
the last five years and recycles 30,000 tonnes of paper each year.
3. Voya Financial is a financial services firm. The organization has dramatically reduced its carbon footprint by limiting employee travel
and minimizing paper and water waste.
4. Sprint. Sprint's Kansas headquarters features one of the country's most environmentally friendly campuses, with solar panels, a water
capture system, and even a PETA-approved dog program to reduce the bird population.
5. Lush. Lush offers free items to consumers who bring in empty containers to recycle, and its products are designed to minimize
packaging and waste, among its numerous eco-friendly activities.
6. Citibank. The corporation is committing $100 billion over ten years to sustainable growth, intending to be entirely powered by
renewable energy by 2020.
7. UnitedHealthcare is a healthcare conglomerate. The company conducted a waste audit to identify areas for improvement and is
working toward a paperless internal communication system, which may save 130,000 trees.
8. Nestlé. Nestlé recycles coffee grounds to augment fuel in 22 of its factories worldwide as one of its many environmentally friendly
projects.
9. Generation seven. The company revolutionized the cleaning industry by demonstrating that cleaning solutions can be both practical
and environmentally beneficial by removing toxic chemicals and using recyclable packaging.
10. Cisco. The company uses renewable energy and creates things that may be quickly returned rather than discarded.

Therefore, above listed companies are paving the way to a carbon-free future by proactively reducing their carbon footprints and assisting the
environment.
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AMAZON

Amazon.com Inc., a US-based organization, is a leading e-commerce platform and a producer and distributor of various information technology
services and electronic gadgets. Amazon co-founded and pledged to The Climate Pledge in 2019, which includes achieving net-zero carbon by
2040.

Amazon's footprint covers a wide range of emission sources as a significant platform for e-commerce and IT services and manufacturing and
retail, but the fundamental drivers are unclear due to data granularity. Amazon is actively testing a range of decarbonization solutions,
particularly in renewable electricity and transportation, but its medium- and long-term plans for other emission sources are unknown. Without
any stated reduction objective for the company's own emissions and a meaningful role for offsets, the company's net-zero carbon by 2040
commitment remains unsupported.

Amazon's goal to be carbon-neutral by 2040 is currently unfounded. As a co-founder of The Climate Pledge, an initiative that mobilizes
businesses to pledge to net-zero carbon emissions by 2040, Amazon declared its headline aim. Amazon is working on more comprehensive
targets as part of the SBTi process, which is expected to be released in 2022. Meanwhile, neither the scope of its aim – including whether it
only relates to carbon dioxide emissions or all greenhouse gases – nor the extent to which it intends to meet the target by providing actual
emission reductions rather than purchasing offset credits – are explicit.

Amazon's pledge is undermined by depending on offset credits from natural-based solutions. Amazon has devised a well-thought-out strategy
for providing long-term support to higher-quality forestry projects. Amazon was a crucial player in the Lowering Emissions by Accelerating
Forest Finance (LEAF) Coalition's financing mobilization, and Amazon's USD 100 million Right Now Climate Fund has been providing financial
support for the prompt implementation of nature-based solutions since 2019. If such help is supplied as a climate contribution without an
offsetting claim, it might be a reasonable step toward accepting responsibility for unchecked emissions. However, concerns with the
permanence and additionality of carbon dioxide removal projects with nature-based solutions mean that such initiatives are insufficient to
satisfy claims of carbon neutrality.

Amazon is aggressively investigating various decarbonization methods to cut its emissions, but the absence of precise data on GHG emission
sources makes it difficult to assess how practical these steps are. Amazon's proactive approach to reducing transportation emissions includes a
deal with Rivian to roll out 100,000 electric vehicles by 2030, investments in 2020 to test battery- and hydrogen-based trucking technologies
for longer-distance freight, and Amazon's commitment to decarbonizing shipping through the Cargo Owners for Zero-Emission Vessels
initiative. These initiatives can considerably reduce scope 1 and 3 transportation-related emissions. Amazon is also showcasing energy-saving
technologies on its significant sites and investing in rooftop solar and energy-saving initiatives for its Fulfillment centers.
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To guarantee full disclosure around the emissions linked with its power use, Amazon should disclose scope 2 emissions using the location-
based accounting technique and the market-based method now in use. Even though Amazon publishes the location and capacity of each of its
renewable energy projects separately, the lack of aggregated data on consumed and delivered energy from all renewable energy structures
creates a lack of overall transparency. It makes it difficult to assess the situation. It's impossible to say whether the corporation uses lower-
quality renewable energy procurement choices in addition to the higher-quality projects that are highlighted individually without more
aggregated data.
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Initiatives to reduce carbon footprint

The world is warming faster than it has ever been before. If global warming continues, it will devastate the earth, resulting in starvation,
flooded homes along the coast, and increased wildfires, hurricanes, and droughts.

However, humanity can prevent the worst of these consequences by working together. To accomplish so, we must keep the temperature
increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels on average. Around 2017, human-caused warming surpassed 1°C. To preserve global warming to
less than 1.5°C, the world must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 gigatonnes by 2030. Transportation and industry are insufficient. We
must reduce carbon emissions by better managing our land and resources by constructing intelligent cities and reducing deforestation and
food waste.

According to a study, six industries having the potential to reduce emissions enough to keep the globe below the 1.5°C mark to preserve a
stable climate and make good on the Paris Agreement's commitment. By 2030, it will be possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30
gigatonnes per year. There is a significant matter that can be accomplished. We already have the solutions we require in each of the six
sectors. These six-sector strategies can cut CO2 emissions by 29-32 gigatonnes and keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

The following is a road map for the six major sectors:

ENERGY:

 Monitor and cut down on your company's energy consumption, and aim for energy efficiency.
 Take advantage of the benefits that a shift to renewable energy will bring to your supply chain.
 Stocks in fossil fuel corporations should be sold.
 Decarbonization and net-zero carbon targets should be set.
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INDUSTRY:

 Increase the pace of research and development to develop innovative low-carbon industrial processes.
 Examine your business' energy use and resource efficiency to uncover cost-effective, high-impact reductions.
 Recognize your vulnerability to climate change and take safeguards.
 Take advantage of the benefits of renewable energy and resource efficiency.
 Be a pioneer in environmentally friendly industrial processes.

AGRICULTURE, FOOD & WASTE

 Measure and report food loss and waste in the workplace.

 Adopt a corporate commitment to halve food loss and waste by 2030. Collaborate with suppliers and clients to create solutions that reduce
food loss and destruction throughout the supply chain, focusing on waste hotspots such as weak cold chain linkages.
 Remove 'display till' dates and clarify best before/use-by dates by reviewing packaging, providing explicit storage and freezing instructions,
and eliminating 'display until' dates.
 Food promotions such as "Buy One, Get One Free" should be avoided if they are likely to lead to clients purchasing more than they can
consume.
 Extra-ripe foods can be repurposed at the store.
 Integrate corporate food loss and waste practices throughout your organization, including making it easy for customers and staff to waste
less food.
 Set up procedures for rescuing surplus food and transferring it to needy people.

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS

 Collaborate with suppliers to discover collaborative solutions to reduce supply chain environmental impacts.
 As part of net-zero emission efforts, engage in landscape conservation and restoration; investments must meet high social and
environmental requirements.
 Encourage investments in supply chains that are deforestation-free.
 Consider how you can make your supply chain more climate-resilient while also recovering forests and ecosystems - and then make it
happen.

TRANSPORTATION

 Make the switch to electric vehicles for fleets.

 Make plans for flexible and staggered working hours.
 Switch transportations for raw material transportation.
 For meetings and conferences, use video conferencing.

BUILDINGS AND CITIES

 Study lower energy consumption and carbon footprint.

 Make long-term viability a focus in your corporation and investing approaches.
 Take advantage of government incentives aimed at reducing carbon emissions.
 Be a frontiersperson in low-carbon and environmental methods.
 Educate clients on the importance of sustainability.
 Mini-grids, district heating and cooling, and waste-to-energy systems should be encouraged.
 Plan cities for strategic density and mixed-use buildings and urban fabric so that other countries can access the services they require on a
local level.
 Integrate grey, blue, and green infrastructure to effectively manage resources and runoff while minimizing environmental impact.
 Invest in physical and market infrastructure to better connect producers and customers in rural and urban areas.
 Create intelligent systems that combine buildings, transportation, and energy systems, including