Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City

Professional Readings
Points 30 points for every set of 3 professional readings
Frequency (per week) 3 professional readings per week for Weeks 1-2 (individual); 3
professional readings per week for Weeks 3-9 (group)
Total number of outputs to submit 6 professional readings (individual); 21 professional readings
(group)

Group Activity Format

Week No. 4
Group 7:
Group Number/ Cabate, Marianne Joy April 30, 2022
Date
Names of Members Castillo, Princess
Gabua, Lyn Rose
Section BEED 3- B Research Article No. 1

Title of Book/Article Positive Reinforcement Practices and Self Resiliency of Grade Six Students

Author Merry Rose R. Lapaz and Amelie T. Bello

Place/Year of Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, October 2020

Publication
Area (e.g. Classroom Student’s Behavior
Management)
Reference (in APA 6th Lapaz, M. & Bello, A. (2020). Positive Reinforcement Practices and Self
edition) Resiliency of Grade Six Students. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345165019_Article_noAJESS62024_
Original_Research_Article_Lapaz_and_Bello

Key Points Why do you feel this is In what learning situation(s) is

helpful in teaching? this applicable?

• School is a critical • This is helpful in teaching • This is applicable in learning

component in a child’s life,
and where a large part of
growing emotionally, socially,
and cognitively, takes place.
• Resilient is a very important
factor that will enable
students to maintain balance
in different setting including
class situations.
• One way to ensure the
students’ resilience is to
encourage learners through
positive reinforcement.
• Republic Act 10533, Section
5 mandated the Department
of Education to adhere to the
standards and principles in
because the reinforcement
initiatives of the teachers
were instrumental in
increasing the ability of the
students to adjust and cope
with the stressors more
efficiently and effectively.
situations where teachers
should maintain an
environment of courtesy and
respect for diversity. They
may provide differentiated
activities that suit the
individual skills and talents of
each student. They may also
organize extracurricular
activities in which students
can showcase their talents
without being judged by
others in order to boost their
self-esteem.
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City
developing the enhanced
basic education curriculum,
that it must be learner-
centered, inclusive and
developmentally appropriate.
Along with this perspective,
DepEd is committed in
providing a quality system of
education that prepares
learners for productive
participation in the Filipino
society.

• Discuss different problems and challenges that affect the

behavior and resilience of the students.
• It also includes positive reinforcement and its effects on students'
behavior and resilience.
• It mentioned the Republic Act 10533, Section 5, which mandates
the Department of Education to provide a high-quality system of
Notes on Research
education that prepares learners for productive participation in
Introduction
the Filipino society.
• In the introduction part, it lists the participants, where the
research will be conducted and the goals of this research study,
which is to determine the extent of positive reinforcement
practices of teachers and determine the level of self-resiliency of
students.

• The review of related literature focuses on positive reinforcement

Notes on Literature Review and self-resiliency of students, which are the goals of this
research study.

• The study was conducted in Kiblawan South District, Division of

Davao del Sur.
• The respondents of the study were the 188 Grade Six students
at the 14 elementary schools of Kiblawan South District,
Notes on Research
Kiblawan, Davao del Sur who were enrolled in Schoo Lear 2019-
Methodology
2020.
• Descriptive-correlational method was used in this study.
• Data were collected using self-made survey questionnaires
which were validated by the experts.

• Used a table to show the results of the data gathered.

• In Table 1, the results are shown in the extent of positive
Notes on Data Analysis reinforcement practices of teachers and in Table 2, the level of
self-resiliency of grade six students.
• Every table has a detailed discussion about the results.
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City

Week No. 4
Group 7:
Group Number/ Cabate, Marianne Joy April 30, 2022
Date
Names of Members Castillo, Princess
Gabua, Lyn Rose
Section BEED 3- B Research Article No. 2

Title of Book/Article Emotional and Occupational Stress among Teachers in Tagum North District,
Philippines
Author Rebecca A. Bongo & Janet S. Casta

Place/Year of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, St. Theresa International College,
Publication Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand, January 2017
Area (e.g. Classroom Teachers’ Psychology
Management)
Reference (in APA 6th Bongo, R. & Casta, J. (2017). Emotional and Occupational Stress among
edition) Teachers in Tagum North District, Philippines. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317996502_Emotional_and_Occupati
onal_Stress_Among_Teachers_in_Tagum_North_District_Philippines

Key Points Why do you feel this is In what learning situation(s) is

helpful in teaching? this applicable?

• Stress has become a major • This research study would • This is applicable particularly
factor in teacher job be helpful for teachers, in improving the school
dissatisfaction, job-related principals, and school system policies and
illness, and even early administrators to understand practices. This might help
retirement. and appropriately address the principal or school head
• It is noted in the Philippines, the issue of stress among in pursuing or promoting not
that more than one-third of the teachers. Any just academic excellence but
teachers leave the field within recommendation formulated also social and emotional
the first five years due to this as a result of this study could care to its teachers.
issue. be considered a guide and Strengthening support, and
• Stress has a significant basis for school providing the teachers the
relationship between administrators to promote a opportunity to be sent to
emotional and occupational healthy teaching experience different conferences, and
stress as experienced by in the field. training that address
educators. managing students’
• There are different aspects to behavior.
be considered in the
emotional and occupational
stress affecting teachers.
There are management in
student behavior, classroom
climate or the learning
environment, involvement,
responsibility, decision-
making, support, and
changes.
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City

• Stress arose from five main areas; a general inability to cope

with teaching problems, non-cooperative children, aggressive
children, concern for children's learning, and staff relationships.
• Different causes of stress were identified including poor
Notes on Research
colleague relations, the behavior of school principals, major
Introduction
changes in the education system, and the limited resources
supplied by the government.
• It stressed that the issue of teacher stress needs to be
considered at the governmental, school, and individual levels.

• The review of related literature focused on the different factors

Notes on Literature Review
that contribute to the Stress issue among teachers.
• It is classified into two categories, emotional (Managing
Students’ Behavior, Classroom Climate, and Involvement) and
occupational stress (Responsibility, Decision-making, Support,
and Change).

• Researchers employed a descriptive-correlation research

design.
• The respondent in the study was the newly hired teachers of
Tagum North District, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines.
• The universal sampling method was employed.
• A questionnaire is the main tool used in this study to gather data.
Notes on Research
Methodology • The questionnaire consists of two parts; part 1 focused on
determining the level of the emotional stress of teachers, and
then part 2 aims to identify the level of occupational stress of the
same teachers in different aspects.
• The readings in the review of related literature serve as the
researchers' guide in the formulation of the items in the
questionnaire.

• In presenting the data gathered, researchers used tables along

with their textual discussions.
• Researchers obtained the mean of the data gathered and used
moderate and low descriptions for each indicator.
• The summary of the Emotional stress of teachers is presented
in Table 2. The overall description is low, which means the
emotional stress of the newly hired teachers is seldom felt, and
Notes on Data Analysis
they already built resilience to stress.
• The summary of Occupational stress of teachers is presented in
Table 3, which also gets an overall description low. This implies
that the teachers have less stress concerning their teaching
vocation. Teachers of Tagum North District tried to disregard
negative attitudes and instead adopted enthusiasm over the
development of their respective careers.
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City

Week No. 4
Group 7:
Group Number/ Cabate, Marianne Joy April 30, 2022
Date
Names of Members Castillo, Princess
Gabua, Lyn Rose
Section BEED 3- B Research Article No. 3

Title of Book/Article Teachers' Attributes and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Classroom Management

Author Cecilia Suico

Place/Year of University of Mindanao Tagum College, Philippines, June 2021

Publication
Area (e.g. Classroom Classroom Management
Management)
Reference (in APA 6th Suico, C. (2021). Teachers' Attributes and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of
edition) Classroom Management. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351618348_Teachers'_Attributes_an
d_Self-Efficacy_as_Predictors_of_Classroom_Management

Key Points Why do you feel this is In what learning situation(s) is

helpful in teaching? this applicable?

• Teacher attributes (Yaratan& • Teacher-student interaction • From elementary to shs

Muezzin, 2016), has the characteristics refer to how
following indicators: teacher- the teachers communicate
student interaction with their students;
characteristics, characteristics of the
characteristics of teachers teachers related to the
related to the teaching teaching profession, s to
profession, and humanistic maintain the teacher's
and justice characteristics of professionalism from
teachers. personal appearance to
• Teacher self-efficacy organizational skills and
(Friedmann & Kass, 2002) preparedness for each day,
with class context and school and humanistic and justice
context indicators. characteristics of teachers,
• Classroom management is characterized by
(Piaro, 2018), with the respecting students and
following indicators creating a welcoming
classroom discipline, learning environment.
effective teaching, teacher's • Refers to the teacher's belief
reward system, and about his/her capability to
delegation of authority. manage responsibilities
within the four corners of the
classroom and includes
factors underlying teachers'
psychological well-being,
including personal
accomplishment, job
satisfaction, and
commitment.
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City
• Classroom discipline refers
to strategies a teacher uses
to manage student
behaviors and attitudes
during instructional time.
Effective teaching requires
the implementation of
creative and innovative
teaching strategies to meet
students' individual needs;
the teacher reward system
in this study refers to
stimulating learning and
motivating good behaviors;
delegation of authority in this
study is defined as
subdivision and sub-
allocation of powers to
students to achieve effective
results.

• Classroom management skills are known to take part in the

students' success in learning. However, most of the recurring
Notes on Research
teachers find classroom management to be a bit of a struggle.
Introduction
Even so, this problem could be addressed if the teachers know
how to manage their classrooms effectively.

• The study is anchored to Operant Conditioning Theory, with its

Notes on Literature Review
proponent Skinner (1957). Accordingly, an individual's learning
will be apparent in the overt behavior, thus observable in the
physical environment. As the author posits, when an individual
is exposed to different events, some stimuli may trigger behavior
changes. Skinner projected that the proposition of this theory is
relevant to classroom management and instructional
development. This theory was known because of its contribution
to the growing body of knowledge about behavioral explanations
involving cognitive phenomena. For that reason, the academic
community recognizes its application to teaching and
programmed instruction.
• The Choice Theory of Glasser (1998), This theory emphasizes
the need for teachers to act as managers to work efficiently to
transfer learning to their students. As managers in the
classroom, it is part of the management techniques to guide the
students to value hard work and obedience. - This theory also
supports the claim that students become more active and
creative while developing positive relationships as they can
freely express their thoughts in the learning set-up, thus paving
the way to mastery and success.
• The concept produced in the study conducted by Yaratan and
Muezzin (2016) when they elaborated on the roles, teachers play
in society. Educators are regarded to have a strong influence on
society, and so, they are expected to possess specific
professional attributes and behavior that helped them carry out
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Puerto Princesa City
their jobs. As suggested, these teachers need to be dedicated to
their profession and must foster positive teacher-student
interaction.
• Friedmann and Kass (2002) projected another concept yet still
supports the claim of self-efficacy, highlighting the two factors.
First, it is on professional efficacy in the teaching profession
wherein teachers are encouraged to nurture motivation and
interrelations with students. Second, the other factor is the
school contest, which pertains to the involvement of these
educators in various activities and securing their slot in the
decision-making body of the academic political system.
• The phenomenon under investigation is incoherence to the
concept of classroom management presented by Mitchell, Hirn,
and Lewis (2017), wherein the author highlighted its significant
role in academic performance. As emphasized, the teacher has
firm control over the class to set orderliness and safety while
prioritizing instruction and learning. He acknowledged the
challenges teachers face in the significant areas of classroom
discipline, effective teaching, teacher's reward system, and
delegation of authority.

• A quantitative non-experimental research design using causal

effects in describing the relationship between two identified
variables and determining the direction and magnitude of such a
relationship.
Notes on Research
• The descriptive correlation method was deemed appropriate
Methodology
when the goal is to depict the status of the situation as it existed
at the time of the study to explore the causes of a particular
phenomenon. For correlational research, the concern is to
establish the relationship between the variables under study.

• The researcher used an adopted questionnaire for the

Notes on Data Analysis independent and dependent variables to suit the context of the
study.

Rubrics Weight
Content 40%
Organization 30%
Grammar and Mechanics 20%
Punctuality 10%
Total 100%