Fundamentals of Typography by Dharam Mentor

Graphic Design for
Visual Communication
course
Graphic Design for Visual Communication course | Authored by: Dharam Mentor
Authored by: Dharam Mentor
UNIT Number:
GDVC/U1/TG/Ch.01
Content - UNIT Number: GDVC/U1/TG/Ch.01
UNIT 1 : Chapter 01 Typography Letterform
Topic - 1: Introduction to Typography - Letterform

A) Definition and knowledge of the letterform.
Topic - 2: Basic principle of the type

A) The Anatomy of Type
Topic - 3: Introduction to Type’s Low and High (stress) contrast parts

A) What is typography contrast means?
B) Tracing A to Z alphabets to understand the style of font Didot,

Baskerville, and Gill Sans
Topic - 4: Application three Newspaper & three Magazine typography

analysis
A) Create Alphabet Chart A to Z using referance materials
Topic - 1: Introduction to
Typography -Letterform
A) Definition & knowledge of

the letterform.
a letter’s shape.
A letterform is a term used
mainly in typography to mean
a letter’s shape.
Definition: a letterform is a phrase used mainly in
typography, palaeography, calligraphy & epigraphy
to indicate a letter’s shape. A letterform is a type of

glyph, which is a specific, tangible form or way
of writing an abstract character or grapheme.
Definition: a letterform is a phrase used mainly in
typography, palaeography, calligraphy & epigraphy
to indicate a letter’s shape. A letterform is a type of

glyph, which is a specific, tangible form or way
of writing an abstract character.
Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

study of ancient & inscriptions like writing. symbol within an agreed
historical handwriting. It’s It is the science of identifying set of symbols, intended to
study of the deciphering graphemes, clarifying their represent a distinct character
& dating of historical meanings, classifying their for the purposes of writing.
manuscripts. uses according to dates and
cultural contexts,
and drawing conclusions
about the writing and the
writers.

cultural contexts,
writers.

cultural contexts,
writers.

cultural contexts,
writers.
In Sum...

cultural contexts,
writers.
f
In Sum...

a letter’s shape.
Unit 1 Research & Development Part 1 Letterforms
Design for visual communication
Topic - 2: Basic principle

of the type
A) The Anatomy of Type

Anatomy of Typography
- Typefaces, like most things, are made up of parts.
- The characteristics of these parts give typefaces their character.
Baseline
where all the letters sit.

It is a line that is invisible and
Mean line
The mean line is the imaginary
line at the top of the body of
characters in lowercase.
X-height
It is the distance formed between
the baseline and mean line of the
body of characters in lowercase.
Ascender Line
It is an upward vertical stroke mainly founded on
lowercase letters that extends above the typeface’s
x-height, such as the letters ‘b’, ‘d’, ‘f’, ‘h’ ‘k’ etc.
Descender Line
A downward vertical stroke generally found on
lowercase letters extends below the baseline, such
as the letters ‘g’, ‘j’, ‘p’, ‘q’, and ‘y’.
Apex
It is the uppermost connecting
point of a letterform where two
strokes meet
Crossbar
A crossbar is an enclosed hor-
izontal stroke—the horizontal
stroke in the letter such as A, H,
e, and f.
Arm
The arm is a horizontal stroke
that does connect to a stem on
one or both ends. The top of
the capital T and the horizontal

strokes of the E are examples of
arms.
Stem
Bowl
A curved stroke creates an en-
closed space within a character
—for example, letters like d, b,
and g.
Counter closed/open
An enclosed and partially en-
closed area of white space within
a letter, such as d, o, and s. It may
sometimes refer only to closed
space,
Aperture
Aperture is referred partially
enclosed spaces in m, n, or h are
the aperture.
Ear
A small stroke found on the
upper right bowl of some
lowercase letter ‘g.’
Shoulder
A curved stroke is extending
down from a stem such as in let-
ters “m”, “h” and “n”
Stem
The vertical strokes, which are
the main and heavy parts of the
letters, are termed stem.
Tail
A descending stroke, for exam-
ple, the descending on the letter
Q, often curved diagonal stroke
on K or R, is the tail.
The descender on some letters
like g, j, p, q, and y are also called
tails.
Tittle
The title is defined as the dot
above the lowercase “j” and “i”.
Topic - 3: Introduction to
typography Low & High contrast parts
B) Tracing given alphabets to understand

the style of font Didot, Baskerville, and
Gill Sans
Typography contrast refers to weight contrast,
which indicates the difference between thick and
thin strokes.
Name Name
Thin stroke
Less thick
stroke Thick stroke
Thick stroke
Typography Low-contrast Typography High-contrast

Low-contrast
Medium-contrast
High-contrast
Low-contrast
Gill Sans
Medium-contrast
Baskerville
High-contrast
Didot
Didot
Gill Sans
Baskerville
typography
typography
typography
B) Tracing given alphabets to understand the
style of font Didot, Baskerville, and Gill Sans
afgkno
Didot
psxyz
afgkno
Baskerville
psxyz
afgkno
Gill Sans
psxyz
Topic - 4: Application three Newspaper &
three Magazine typography analysis
A) Create Alphabet Chart A to Z using

referance materials
referance materials - Magazine

referance materials - Newspapers

referance materials - Magazine

Eample: Create Alphabet Chart A to Z using
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Graphic Design for

Authored by: Dharam Mentor

UNIT 1 : Chapter 01 Typography Letterform

Topic - 1: Introduction to Typography - Letterform

Topic - 2: Basic principle of the type

Topic - 3: Introduction to Type’s Low and High (stress) contrast parts

B) Tracing A to Z alphabets to understand the style of font Didot,

Topic - 4: Application three Newspaper & three Magazine typography

A) Definition & knowledge of

to indicate a letter’s shape. A letterform is a type of

to indicate a letter’s shape. A letterform is a type of

Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

Palaeography: is the Epigraphy: is the study of Glyph: is an elemental

A letterform is a term used

Topic - 2: Basic principle

A) The Anatomy of Type

where all the letters sit.

the capital T and the horizontal

typography Low & High contrast parts

A) What is typography contrast means?

B) Tracing given alphabets to understand

Typography Low-contrast Typography High-contrast

three Magazine typography analysis

A) Create Alphabet Chart A to Z using

referance materials - Magazine

referance materials - Newspapers

referance materials - Magazine

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