Chapter 1: Rational Numbers

Quick Recap.....
Natural numbers (N): 1, 2, 3, 4, .... etc. are called natural numbers, denoted by N.
Whole numbers (W): All natural numbers together with zero are called whole numbers,
denoted by W. W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4..... }
Integers (Z): All whole numbers together with negatives of natural numbers are called
integers, denoted by Z.
Z = {..0 .-4, -3, -2, - 1' 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
(i) - 1, -2, -3, -4, .... are called negative integers.
(ii) 1, 2, 3, 4, .... are called positive integers.
(iii) Zero is neither positive nor negative.
a
Fractions: The numbers in the form of b , where 'a' and 'b' are natural numbers are called
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fractions. For example, 7 , 2 ... etc.
p
Rational Numbers (Q): The numbers of the form q , where 'p' and 'q' are integers and q≠0
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are called rational numbers, denoted by Q. For example, 7 , -2 ... etc.
Properties of rational numbers:
1. Closure property of addition: The sum of two rational numbers is always a rational
number.
2. Commutative law of addition: For any two rational numbers 'a' and 'b':
a + b = b + a.
3. Associative law of addition: For any three rational numbers 'a', 'b' and 'c':
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c).
4. Existence of additive identity: Zero is the additive identity. For any rational number 'a':
a+0=0+a=a
5. Existence of additive inverse: For any rational number 'a' there exists a rational number
'-a' such that a+ (-a)= (-a) +a= 0. (- a) is the additive inverse of 'a'.
6. Closure property of multiplication: The product of two rational numbers is always a
rational number.
7. Commutative law of multiplication: For any two rational numbers 'a' and 'b':
a * b = b * a.
8. Associative law of multiplication: For any three rational numbers 'a', 'b' and 'c':
(a * b) * c = a * (b * c).
9. Existence of multiplicative identity: One is the multiplicative identity. For any rational
number 'a': a*1=1*a=a
10. Existence of multiplicative inverse: For any non-zero rational number 'a' there is a
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multiplicative inverse is a .
***Note: Zero is a rational number which has no multiplicative inverse.***
11. Distributive law of multiplication over addition: For any three rational numbers 'a', 'b'
and 'c': a * (b + c) = (a * b) + (a * c)

***Note: ***
Rational numbers can be represented on a number line.
Between any two rational numbers, there exist infinitely many rational numbers.
Rational numbers between any two given rational numbers can be found by the average/mean.
 Exercise 1

1. Which of the following statement is correct?

p : Every fraction is a rational number q : Every rational number is a fraction
(A) p is true and q is false (B) p is false and q is true
(C) Both p and q are true (D) Both p and q are false

2. Which of the following statement is correct?

p : All integer are rational number q : Every rational number is a an integer
(A) p is false and q is true (B) p is true and q is false
(C) Both p and q are true (D) Both p and q are false

3. Which of the rational number is the greatest?

7 -4 2 5
(A) -18 (B) 9 (C) -3 (D) -12

4. Which of the rational number is the smallest?

4 -5 -7 -11
(A) 9 (B) 6 (C) -12 (D) -14
1 1
Which of the following is a rational number between 4 and 3
5.

7 8 13
(A) 24 (B) 15 (C) 48 (D) Both (A) and (C)
8 26
×
6. The value of 13 −3 is
-8 -4 -7 16
(A) 13 (B) 13 (C) 26 (D) 3

3 -1
What number should be added to 8 to get 24
7.
-5 -7 31 2
(A) 12 (B) 23 (C) 72 (D) 33
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8. The additive inverse of 13
-8 -4 16
(A) 13 (B) 13 (C) 0 (D) 3

9. What is the sum of the additive inverse and multiplicative inverse of 2 ?

3 -3 1 -1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2

10. Which of the following is not a rational number?

3 -4 0 3
(A) 17 (B) 19 (C) - 8 (D) 0

-3
11. The sum of two rational numbers is -5. If one of the numbers is 5 , what is the other
number ?
2 8 6 6
−4 4 4
(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) - 5 (D) 5

187
Rs
12. One litre of petrol costs 4 . What is the cost of 35 litres of petrol ?
6454 6545 6455 6454
Rs Rs Rs Rs
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 4 (D) 6

261 2 87
m
13. The area of the room is 4 . If its breadth is 16 m, what is its length ?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D)13

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14. An airplane covers 1020 km in an hour. How much distance will it cover in 6 hours ?
(A) 4250 km (B) 4520 km (C) 4255 km (D)4255 km

-4 x
=
15. If 7 14 , then x = ?
(A) -4 (B) 8 (C) -8 (D)4