Integrated Design II

INTEGRATED DESIGN II
STRU2011
Group Members:
Christopher Thomas..ID# 80760
Daniel Arrindell…….ID# 83170
Priya Ramkissoon…..ID# 75701
Isha Sampson……….ID# 64299
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Table of Contents
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 PROJECT SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 PROJECT DELIVERABLES ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 SCOPE OF WORKS ............................................................................................................................... 7
4.0 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT............................................................................................................... 8
4.1 CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINATION SITE LOCATION....................................................................... 8
4.2 LOCATION OF SITE............................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 SITE EXAMINATION ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.3.1 PROPOSED RISKS ........................................................................................................................ 11
4.4 SOIL CONDITIONS.............................................................................................................................. 13
4.4.1 SITE CONDITIONS SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 14
4.5 MATERIAL JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 15
4.5.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE ....................... 15
4.5.2 CONCRETE VS STEEL ................................................................................................................... 16
4.6 SELECTION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS.............................................................................................. 17
4.7 DESIGN APPROACH ........................................................................................................................... 19
4.7.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................................. 19
4.8 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................. 22
4.8.1 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 22
4.8.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 23
4.7.3 TOP DOWN DESIGN METHOD .................................................................................................... 24
4.8.3 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 25
4.9 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SLAB......................................................................................... 25
4.9.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM.................................................................................................. 25
4.9.3 COLUMN DESIGN ....................................................................................................................... 26
4.9.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 26
5.0 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ................................................................................................................... 28
5.1 Hand Calculation ............................................................................................................................... 28
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5.1.1 The Moment Distribution Method ............................................................................................ 28
5.1.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 29
5.2 STAAD PRO RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Reaction for Beam Design ................................................................................................... 33
5.2.2 Axial loads for column design ............................................................................................. 37
5.2.3 Design Reactions for Foundation ............................................................................................... 41
5.2.4 Ground Beam ............................................................................................................................. 44
6.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 45
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The proposed Ample apartments is to be construction at Ramlal Street Aranguez, where the soil is
suit for a three-story concrete frame structure supported on shallow foundation. Each floor has two
apartments where the first, second floor and roof are supported with 356 mm x 400 mm depth
reinforced concrete beams supported with 356 mm square reinforced concrete column.
A prefeasibility study was carried out to get a better understanding of the constraints list below
and how they will impact the project objectives and to identify mitigation measures to reduce the
impact of these risk.
 Technical: approved engineering design to identify materials, procedures and project

schedule to reduce the likelihood of delays.
 , Environmental: high impact from noise during construction, but it can be mitigated by
scheduling equipment activities for during the day and limit the use of vibrating machinery.
The second risk is to health from poor air quality due to dust generated from work activity.
Mitigation measures are:
 Employ a fine water spray to reduce dust levels and use dust screens in areas of
high concentration
 , Social: impact is low and has no risk to the project
 Economic
 The estimates cost of construction $ 6,925,811.79 plus vat total cost $ 7,791,538.23
 The annual income generated is $ 432,000
 Total income generated after 20 years is $ 8,640,000
 Profit generated is $848,461.77
From this report, it can be concluded that the project would be feasible to construct as the
problems that arises during the construction process can be fixed. This would ensure that the
project would be completed on time without having a vast impact to the client, contractor,
environment and the community.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
Our team was given the task of designing a three-storey residential building comprising of six
apartments, a convenience store with ample car park. Our main aim is to ensure that the structure
is design safe against all possible loading conditions and to fulfil the function for which it will be
built. Safety requirements must be satisfied so that the structure is able to serve its purpose and be
maintained at minimum cost. The proposed location can be found in the community of Aranguez.
Once considered for its agricultural lands, we have seen more residential and commercial buildings
being constructed in this area in recent times. Its proximity to the highway is one of the many
reasons this geographical location was chosen.
The apartments designed to accommodate singles and/or working couples at an affordable standard
monthly rate. Each apartment would have an allotted parking space on the compound. The
apartments also have their own balcony where the individual(s) could look out relax and enjoy the
picturesque view. A bonus feature that would encourage future occupants is the onsite convenient
stores. They would be neatly situated on the ground and first floor and operated to provide the
occupants with the ease of access to local and imported goods.
This package comprises of structural drawings of the proposed structure, the structural analysis
and design. The computer software used to complete this project were Microsoft EXCEL,
Microsoft WORD, Microsoft PROJECT, in collaboration with Autodesk AUTO CAD and
STAAD Pro.
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3.0 PROJECT SCOPE
3.1 PURPOSE
This project involves the design and structural analysis of a three-storey apartment building to be
situated at Ramlal street Aranguez, San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago, Lot #6 to commence
construction in 2021. Our report will entail full details on the analysis and design of the main
structural elements to be utilised. The structure was design using the required software and
materials to generate a structurally sound economical design. This building is expected to provide
additional accommodation to the community of Aranguez and Environs, as well as to generate
income to our clients.
3.2 OBJECTIVE
The general objective of this project is to provide a three-storey apartment building by designing
the structure based on analysis and design methods using computer software and manual
calculations which satisfies the required standards and building codes. It should be able to satisfy
the criterion of ultimate strength and serviceability. In addition to resisting overturning, sliding
and buckling imposed by the loads and forces acting upon it.
3.3 PROJECT DELIVERABLES

 Locating proposed site
 Model of structure was built using STAAD Pro Software
o Superstructure (Columns, Beams and Slabs)
o Substructure (Foundation)
 Excel Spreadsheets were used in collaboration with other software to design the
following structural elements:
o Reinforced Concrete Beams
o Reinforced Concrete Columns
o Reinforced Concrete Slabs
o Reinforced Concrete Foundation (Isolated Pad Footing)
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 The sizes and proportioning of the structural members:
o Reinforced Concrete Beams
o Columns
o Slabs
o Foundation (Isolated Pad Footing)
 Detailed Construction drawings were drafted
 Engineering Estimate
Plans typically are 11" x 17" size drawings bearing the stamp of the responsible Professional
Engineer.
3.4 SCOPE OF WORKS

Provide equipment and personnel to analyse and design the various element of the structure but
not limited to:
 General engineering design

 Analysis and manipulation of data sets and STAAD Pro software
 Technical document development, review and presentation
 Preparation of approval and construction documents including plans, specifications and bid
 Preparation of packages
 Engineer’s opinion of probable cost of constructing of structure
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4.0 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT
4.1 CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINATION SITE LOCATION

Considerations for the location of the site was based on numerous factors such as but not limited
to geographical location to amenities such as school, public transportation, banks, restaurant,
playground, healthcare facilities, etc. The susceptibility to potential risks like flooding and
landslides were also deciding factors alongside adequate soil condition that will not need a lot of
ground improvement technics or overly expensive foundation design. The site location of
Aranguez was selected as it satisfied most of the criteria listed above. With San Juan and El
Socorro neighbouring helps provide the necessary amenities needed for a comfortable living area.
Location of proposed site is shown in figures 1,2 & 3; susceptibility to potential risks in figures 4
& 5 and soil condition shown in figures 6 & 7 below.
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4.2 LOCATION OF SITE
Figure 1 below shows the proposed site location obtained from Google Maps.
Area: Aranguez, San Juan–Laventille Regional
Address: Ramlal street Aranguez, San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago, Lot #6.
Coordinates: Latitude – Longgitude: (10.638435, -61.442885)
Proposed Site
Figure 1 image taken form google made indicating location of proposed site.
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Proposed Site
Proposed Site
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4.3 SITE EXAMINATION
4.3.1 PROPOSED RISKS
A site visit was conducted to examine the Susceptibility to potential risk that may occur such as
landslides, floods etc. so that it can be factored into the design. The Susceptibility to these risks is
indicated in figures 4 & 5 below which shows a minimal risk to landslides and a moderate risk to
flooding and other risk. These risks were taken into consideration when designing the structure.
Proposed Site
Figure 4 image of Landslide Susceptibility map taken form (ODPM site) indicating location of proposed site
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Proposed Site
Figure 5 image of Flood Multi Risk map taken form (ODPM site) indicating location of proposed site
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4.4 SOIL CONDITIONS
Soils Map of Trinidad was used to determine the general type of soil in the proposed area.
The soil category for the Aranguez area is indicated below in figures 6, 7 & Table 1.
An assumption of (6000psf) was made for the allowable bearing pressure of the soil for this project
as no soil report is presently available to us for the proposed site.
Proposed Site
Figure 6 image of Soil map taken form (ODPM site) indicating location of proposed site
Table 1 close up of soil classification table taken from soil map indicating type of soil for the Aranguez area.
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Proposed Site
Figure 7 close up of soil classification map taken from soil map indicating type of soil for the Aranguez area.
4.4.1 SITE CONDITIONS SUMMARY

Area:
 Area: Aranguez, San Juan–Laventille Regional

 Latitude – Longitude: (10.638435,-61.442885)
Susceptibility to risk
 Land slide –low risk

 Flood and other risk- moderate risk
Soil condition:
 Soil type - Lithology -Silty Clay Alluvium
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4.5 MATERIAL JUSTIFICATION
4.5.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE

No. STEEL STRUCTURE CONCRETE STRUCTURE
ADVANTAGES 1 A steel structure is lightweight The ingredients used to make the

and would be used in seismic concrete such as cement and
zones. aggregates are cheap.
2 A steel structure has High Concrete can be molded into any shape
strength to weight ratio. and can be poured and cast to any
shape.
3 Steel is easy to fabricate, erect Concrete along with reinforcement can
and install as well as transport. have both compressional and tensional
forces.
4 Due to the steel’s ductility, Concrete has High Compressive
sudden failure doesn’t occur. strength making is useful for structures
that have high compressive loads.
5 Formwork is not required in a Concrete has a high unit weight and
steel structure. water tightness and therefore can be
used in water retaining structures.
No. STEEL STRCUTURE CONCRTE STRUCTURE
DISADVANTAGES 1 Steel is susceptible to corrosion. Concrete has a low tensional strength.
2 High initial cost to build. Creep can be developed due to
sustained loads.
3 Skilled labour is required for Cracks will develop due to drying
construction. shrinkage and moisture expansion.
4 Concrete has a high self-weight
therefore wouldn’t be favourable in
earthquake zones.
5 Efflorescence would be present in the
concrete if salts are present.
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4.5.2 CONCRETE VS STEEL
POINT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE STEEL STRUCTURE
DIFFERENCE
Durability Higher durability than steel Durability of steel is affected
by weather conditions which
causes corrosion.
Earthquake A Concrete structure is brittle therefore the A steel structure can
resistance earthquake resistance is low. withstand an earthquake.
Load carrying Load carrying capacity of concrete is low The load carrying capacity
capacity compared to steel. of steel is higher than that of
concrete.
Self- weight A concrete structure has a high self-weight. A steel structure is 60%
lighter than a concrete
structure.
Foundation The foundation should have a high strength A steel structure can be
due to the weight of a concrete structure. made without a foundation.
Construction A concrete structure generally needs 28 days In a steel structure, erection
time for curing to occur before it is ready to be is easily done therefore
used, usage of the structure can
occur readily.
Labour A less skilled labour force is required. A skilled labour force is
required.
Cost Cost of construction is less. The cost of construction is
greater compared to a
concrete structure.
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4.6 SELECTION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
The building was designed to resist gravity loads such as dead and live loads. The two types of
structural systems which has been considered are reinforced concrete frame and structural steel
frame. In determining the best suitable system, the following were considered.
 Environmental Considerations
Due to where the building is being located, there are no fault lines present. A concrete
would be applicable to construct as the building rather than steel. The building would be
situated kilometres from the sea therefore there wouldn’t be a direct exposure to corrosion
due to seawater hence a concrete structure is more applicable than a steel structure.
 Soil Conditions
Liquefaction occurs where silt and loose grain soil are present, or the soil is easily
waterlogged. The heavier structure would topple over. Concrete is eight times heavier than
steel. The soil present at the site consists of silty clay alluvium which contains silt, clay
and gravel. This type of soil would be optimal therefore bearing, settlement and drainage
wouldn’t be a major concern. A heavy structure can be constructed on this type of soil
therefore a concrete structure would be applicable.
 Cost
Steel and concrete would have its pros and cons in terms of cost. Although a concrete
structure is more expensive to construct rather a steel structure, the maintenance of a
concrete structure is cheaper therefore a concrete structure would be more applicable in
terms of long-term expenditure.
 Fire Resistance
A Concrete structure has a higher fire resistance compared to a steel structure. The building
would be used as rental apartments the concrete structure would be the best option to
construct.
 Building Layout
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The buildings are less than twenty stories therefore concrete would be applicable as well
as the columns are evenly distributed.
 Accessibility to Site
The site is readily accessible concrete can be used. if the site is not accessible a steel
structure would be the best option available. The site is readily accessible and situated in a
large area therefore a concrete structure can be constructed.
 Maintenance and Durability
As previously mentioned, Maintenance of a concrete structure is cheaper than a steel

structure and therefore would last longer with little maintenance compared to a steel
structure.
 Availability of Materials and Labour
Concrete is readily available in Trinidad and Tobago compare to steel which must be
imported.
 Erection Time
Concrete structure can generally have a longer erection time compare to its counterpart
steel. From the use of formwork, curing time concrete structures takes time but the use of
proper planning and management techniques this can help speed up construction time
drastically, which make it possible for projects to be completed on time.
In Conclusion, a concrete structure was selected over a steel structure based on the criteria above.
A rigid frame would be used with two-way slabs and isolated pad footings.
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4.7 DESIGN APPROACH
4.7.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Our team developed this design calculation package for a three-storey residential apartment
building having been provided with the architectural drawings by the client. Our primary focus for
this project were to ensure the structure is safe against all loading conditions and functional. Based
on the structure’s size and purpose, we determined that the structural system would be constructed
using reinforced concrete.
The structural design of a reinforce concrete building were done for this project which entails all
the structural members sure as floor slab, beams, columns and footing. For the floor slab it was
design as a Two-way slab with the roof slab being 125mm thick and the first and second floor
140mm thick casted on top of 350 wide x 400 deep reinforced concrete beam which are connected
to 350mm square reinforced concrete column supported by various sizes of reinforced concrete
pad footing foundation which are inter-connected by 400mm square ground beams (not design for
in this package), the staircase was designed to anchored to supporting beams and the floor slab.
Concrete strength for staircase being 3000 psi and concrete strength for all other structural
elements being 4000 psi.
The analysis of the structure was performed via design software STAAD Pro. The building was
model in the program, member attributes were assigned, gravity loads only as per code were
imposed on the structure, load combinations were then added to the model and analysis performed
on the structure to get the necessary outputs such as bending moments, shear force and torsion.
Once this information was identified, excel spreadsheet is the use to calculate sizes and
reinforcement. Adjustment to member sizes maybe required if assume sizing used in model is not
adequate or overly excessive. This is done to product a more economical design that is self but still
comply with (Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08/14) and
Commentary)
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TABLE FOR LOADS ACCORDING TO ASCE 7-5
ASCE TABLE DEAD LOADS (1ST & 2ND FLOOR)
Dead Loads for suspended slab 1st, 2nd floor from ASCE 7-5 table (C3.1) Loads
Suspended ceiling with metal laths and gypsum plaster 10 psf
Floor finish ceramic tiles on ½ in mortar bed 16 psf
Calculated dead loads
Self- weight of 5.5 in thick floor slab 68.75 psf
External walls, 6” x 8” x 16” concrete block with each other core filled with 81.72 psf
concrete
Internal walls, 6” x 8” x 16” concrete block 62.57 psf
ASCE TABLE DEAD LOADS (ROOF LEVEL)

Dead Load roof, from ASCE 7-5 table (3.1) Loads
Suspended ceiling with metal laths and gypsum plaster 10 psf
Cement finish with bituminous gravel cover 37.5 psf
Calculated dead loads
Self- weight of 5 in roof slab 62.5 psf
Parapet wall 4” x 8 x 12 concrete block 41 psf
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ASCE TABLE LIVE LOADS (1ST & 2ND FLOOR)
Live loads for suspended slab 1st, 2nd floor from ASCE table 4-1 Loads
Private rooms and corridors 40 psf
Public rooms and corridors 100 psf
ASCE TABLE LIVE LOADS (ROOF LEVEL)
Live loads roof from ASCE table 4-1 loads

Assuming assemble purpose 100 psf
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4.8 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
4.8.1 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
Steps used for the Analysis of the Structure:
 Model structure
 Assign member properties
 Apply Loads
 Analyse structure
 Review output data
The structural analysis is used to establish the relationship between a structural member’s
expected external load and the structure’s corresponding developed internal stresses and
displacements that occur with the member when in service (Pilla, 2017). For this structure,
we focused on the analysis of the vertical loads and the forces applied. We produced a model
based on the arbitrary loads assigned to the structural members using STAAD Pro. The
analysis then predicted the response of the structure to these applied loads. It is at this
preliminary stage that the structural design is integrated into the analysis. The structural
members sizes and reinforcements are determined based on the results.
The building is required to be design and also constructed to meet the requirement of building
codes and regulations. These are documents that govern the design and construction of all
building and is enforceable by law. These codes do not online specific design procedures but
does specify the design requirements along with constraints that must be satisfied in order for
a building safety. Any structure that is being design must be able to support the minimum
loads specified, therefore an investigate required actual loads on the building base on the
intended use of said building must be done by the engineer. These design loads were option
form ASCE 7-5, Minimum Design Loads
for Buildings and other Structures.
be satisfied
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4.8.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
LIST OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE REQUIRED IN THE DESIGN OF THE

STRUCTURE:
 STAAD PRO
STAAD PRO is a computer aided engineering software tool used mostly by structural, civil
engineers and architects. It was originally established and developed by Research Engineers
International in the year 1997, however Research Engineers international was duly bought by
Bentley in the year 2005. For this project, it was used in conjunction with Microsoft Excel to
analyse and aid in the design of the structural members of this building. STAAD PRO is accepted
by the Board of Engineering of Trinidad and Tobago.
 Autodesk AutoCAD
This is a computer aided design software developed to create precise 2D and 3D drawings for
architects, engineers and construction professionals. AutoCAD was used to develop all
architectural drawings for this project.
 Microsoft EXCEL
This is a spreadsheet application launched in 1985 by the Microsoft Corporation. Typically used
for organising data in columns and rows that can be manipulated through formulas that allow
the software to perform mathematical functions on the data. Used for the design of the structural
members of this project. It helped determined the sizes, reactions, moments, deflection, strain and
reinforcement details required to counteract and resist the vertical loads that will be applied.
Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet calculations is accepted by the Board of Engineering of Trinidad
and Tobago.
 Microsoft Word
It is a graphical word processing software which allows the user to type various documents, edit
and format to suit the industry it was intended for. This report was documented using Microsoft
Word which enabled us to format, edit in the appropriate standard required.
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THE PROCEDURES LISTED BELOW INDICATES THE ORDER IN WHICH EACH
METHOD WAS IMPLEMENTED TO COMPLETE THIS REPORT:
 Site Selection
 Obtaining the relevant building codes and practice manuals
 Vertical loads and load combinations determined
 Model of three storey structure generated using STAAD PRO based on the details entailed
in the Architectural drawings
 Loads and Load combinations determined prior now assigned to model
 Run Analysis of the structure in STAAD PRO
 Results generated and analysed
 Microsoft Excel spreadsheets created to aid in the design of the structural members: Beams,
Columns, Floor Slabs, Staircase and Foundation Design.
 Results of Excel Spreadsheet compared with STAAD PRO analysis to ensure the
appropriate member sizes and properties are used in accordance to the building codes
 Preliminary Drawings
 AutoCAD Drawings produced
 Bill of Quantities completed
4.7.3 TOP DOWN DESIGN METHOD

The principle of this method is to design the structure from its roof to the foundation. It ensures
that the foundation would be designed to accommodate entire weight of the building generated
from the vertical load applied to the structure and the weight of the members. This method is
conducted as follows:
1. Slab design: weight of slab transfer to beams beams

2. Beam design: weight of slab and beam transfer to columns
3. Column design: weight of slab, beam and column transfer to foundation
4. Foundation design: weight of slab, beam, column and foundation transfer to soil
5. Soil: allowable soil pressure must be able to take the weight of the entire structure
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4.8.3 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
1. Site Preparation and Levelling
2. Surveying and Setting Out
3. Excavation
4. Foundation
5. Columns, Beams, Floor slabs, Roof, Internal and External Walls
6. Brick Masonry Work
7. Lintel over Door Window Gaps
8. Doors and Windows Framing
9. Electrical, Plumbing, HVAC and Internal finishes
10. Exterior Finishes
11. Hand Over
4.9 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

4.9.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SLAB
All the floors meet the requirement for a two-way slab design where long side is less than two the
short side. There are two design approached for this type of slab identify ACI 318 -8 – 13 the
Direct Design method and the Equivalent Frame method. The Direct Design is suited for when
only uniformly distributed gravity loads are been considered for the building loads once the
requirement in ACI 318 – 8 13.6.1 are met. Hand calculation was carryout using the Direct Design
with the aid of a excel spread sheet to arrives at the optimum slab thickness and reinforcement
requirements.
4.9.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

The design of beam members was done via Microsoft excel. Once the model was generated the
location of critical beams with the highest beading moment and shear force where identified and
its values where then utilized to design the beam. For simplicity, the beams were grouped into two
categories, Primary Beam 1 (PB1) and Primary Beam 2 (PB2), each have the same dimension of
350wide x 400 deep but both beam type carries different reinforcement base on their location on
the structure and the forces that acts on the beam. The design of the beams follows Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary
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4.9.3 COLUMN DESIGN
The design of column members was done via Microsoft excel. Once the model was generated the
location of critical columns with the highest axial load where identified and its values was then
utilized to design the columns. For simplicity, the columns were grouped into 3 categories, Column
1 (C1), Column 2 (C2) and Column 3 (C3), each have the same dimension of 350mmx 350mm but
each column type carries different reinforcement base on their location on the structure and the
forces that acts on the column. The design of the beams follows Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary
4.9.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN

The design of column members was done via Microsoft excel. Once the model was generated the
location of critical footing with the highest reactions where identified and its values was then
utilized to design the footing. For simplicity, the footings were grouped into 3 categories, Footing
1 (F1), Footing 2 (F2) and Footing 3 (F3), each footing having different dimension and
reinforments. F1: 2000mm square, F2: 1650mm square, F3: 1220mm square base on their location
on the structure and the forces that acts on the column. The design of the beams follows Building
Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08/14) and Commentary
Reinforced concrete pad footings-based foundation system was adopted for this structure as it was
one of the best options for the assumed soil properties. According to (Structural Concrete Theory
and Design, Sixth Edition by M. Nadim Hassoun, Akthem Al-Manaseer) “The proper design of
footings requires that”
1. The load capacity of the soil is not exceeded.
2. Excessive settlement, differential settlement, or rotations are avoided.
3. Adequate safety against sliding and/or overturning is maintained.
4. Bending moment and steel reinforcement required.
5. Bearing capacity of columns at their base and dowel requirements.
6. Development length of bars.
7. Differential settlement.
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Soil properties assumed for this project is as follows:
 Soil allowable bearing pressure 3’ (900mm) below ground level 6000 psf
 Soil unit weight 100 pcf
 Angle of soil internal friction 35 degrees
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5.0 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL
The structure is made up of a system of interconnected members that are utilize to support external
loads. Predicting the response of the structure to external loads specified member elements is the
definition of Structural analysis. At the stage of the preliminary structural design, the structure’s
potential applied load is estimated, and also the size of the structure’s members is determined based
on these estimated loads. Base on this hand calculation is done firstly using the Moment
distribution method to develop the moments that are generated in the structure frame. This is then
compared to the Staad results as an addition check. Once the values are vitrificated, the critical
members obtained from the Staad model were designed for the varies elements of the structure.
5.1 Hand Calculation

Manual calculations were then conducted to determine the moments in the frame of the building. This
output was then compared to the moments generated from the STAAD Pro model and the values verified.
Further calculations were then computed to design the structural elements of the structure. The following
method was applied to analyse the beams and frames:
5.1.1 The Moment Distribution Method

Developed in 1930 by Hardy Cross, this method is described as successive approximations that may be
carried out to any desired degree of accuracy. When applying this method, one must assume that each joint
of the structure is fixed. Then, by unlocking and locking each joint in succession, the internal moments at
the joints are “distributed” and balanced until the joints have rotated to their final or nearly final positions
(Hibbeler, 2012). A spreadsheet was designed to calculate the moment distribution method which allowed
for easier analysis of the beams and columns with a variety of cross-sectional properties.
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The below tables demonstrate the comparison of the resulted moments from and STAAD pro Analysis and
the Excel spreadsheet manual analysis.
5.1.2 Conclusion
Comparing the excel table with the result from STAAD result are not close except node 41 for
beam CB, this may result in errors in load calculating the uniform load distribution for a two slab
in excel yielding a less accurate result. It is recommended to use STAAD for frame analysis.
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5.2 STAAD PRO RESULTS
Picture 1 3D isometric view of structure
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Picture 2 showing north elevation of structural frame.
Picture 3 showing south elevation of structural frame.
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Picture 4 showing east elevation of structural frame.
Picture 5 showing west elevation of structural frame.
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5.2.1 Reaction for Beam Design
3D view of critical beam elements (PB1) beam # = 228 that were designed
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Beam # =228. Section size 400 x 350 PB1 (Bending Moment Diagram)
Beam # =228. Section size 400 x 350 PB1 (Shear Force Diagram)
Beam # =228. Section size 400 x 350 PB1 (Deflection Diagram)
34 | P a g e
3D view of critical beam elements (PB2) beam#=285 that were designed
35 | P a g e
Beam # =285. Section size 400 x 350 PB2 (Bending Moment Diagram)
Beam # =285. Section size 400 x 350 PB2 (Shear Force Diagram)
Beam # =285. Section size 400 x 350 PB2 (Deflection Diagram)
36 | P a g e
5.2.2 Axial loads for column design
3D view of critical column elements that were designed
37 | P a g e
3D view of critical column elements (C1) that were designed
Beam # =53. Section size 350 x 350 C1 (Axial Force Diagram)
NOTE: Due to unknown reason columns at ground floor on gridline 2 shows a smaller axial value
then the reactions on said footing so the values for the reactions at the base of these columns were
used to design these columns, therefore C1 design value is = 298.842 (kip).
38 | P a g e
39 | P a g e
40 | P a g e
5.2.3 Design Reactions for Foundation
Upon analysing the structure, STAAD Pro generated support reaction that is used to design the
pad footing. This information where then group and three different values was identified for design
of foundation F1, F2 & F3.
Figure 8 showing critical single pad base reactions on the foundation from the Staad model
highlighted in red
41 | P a g e
The tables below show the critical Single Pad Footing (F1) generated from the Staad model
report.
42 | P a g e
The tables below show the critical Single Pad Footing (F2 & F3) generated from the Staad model
report
43 | P a g e
5.2.4 Ground Beam
In this report the ground beams were not design. A typical detail of the ground bean was shown in
the drawing package for completion of the design. Ground beams are used in constructed at the
foundational level of a structure. Ground beams helps to support the joist, wall footing and other
structures, mainly in places add extra support to the structure. In other words, ground beams help
to provide a strong foundation.
44 | P a g e
6.0 REFERENCES
318, A. C. (2008). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary An
ACI Standard. In A. C. Institute®.
318, A. C. (2014). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14). In A. C. Institute.
(2011). Flood Susceptibility Map: Trinidad. Tacarigua: Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management.
Gupta, A. (2017, 3 19). Steel Structures Vs Concrete Structures | Complete Comparison of Steel &
Concrete. Retrieved from https://civildigital.com/steel-structures-vs-concrete-structures-
complete-comparison-of-steel-concrete/
Hibbeler, R. (2012). Structural Analysis (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
(2011). Landslide Susceptibility Maps: Trinidad. Tacarigua: Office of Disaster Preparedness and
Management. Retrieved from
Nageim, H. A., Durka, F., Morgan, W., & Williams, D. (2010). Structural Mechanics (7th ed.). Pearson
Education Limited.
Pilla, D. R. (2017). Elementary Structural Analysis and Design of Buildings (1st ed.). Boca Raton.
45 | P a g e
SLAB CALCULATIONS
Project Title
Ample Apartment Aranguez
Calcs. By Check By DWG. Ref
D. Arrindell C.T APP - S09
Part of Structure Date:
2 WAY SLAB DESIGN ROOF 2020. 11 .16
Reference calculations Output

ASCE 7-5
Dead loads
ceiling
TABLE C3.1 Suspended metal laths and gypsum plaster 10 psf
TABLE C3.1 Roof finished

Cement finish with bituminous gravel cover 37.5 psf
Slab self weight

h/12*150pcf 62.5 psf
Total dead load 110 psf
TABLE 4.1 Live loads

Reduction factor
At < 200 ft therefore R1 = 1
F ≤ 4 therefore R2 = 1
Load from table assuming assembly purposes, Lo = 100 psf
Reduce roof load, Lr =LoR1R2 100 psf
Total live load
Load combination
ACI 318-8 9.2.1 1.2 D + 1.6L qu = 0.292 KSF

eq 9.2
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
2 WAY SLAB DESIGN 2020. 11 .16

ACI 318-8 13.6 Slab thickness design
Slab section under considertion
be be
h
y
b b
4
Section h (in) y(in) be(in) b (in) A1 A2 ȳ d1 d2 Ib in
Tee 5 10.5 37 14 185 147 3.718 1.218 6.53 2921.5
L 5 10.5 25.5 14 127.5 147 3.973 1.473 6.28 2726.72
the span transver direction to l1 l2 12.63 ft

Column dimension A & B 14 in
Width of exterior strip l 6.90 ft
3 4
Beam 1 Is = lh /12 862.29 in
αf1 , Elb/ELs = 3.16
Width of interior strip l1 16.57 ft
3 4
Beam 2 Is = l2h /12 2071 in
αf2 Elb/ELs = 1.41067
Width of interior strip 16.57 ft
3 4
Beam 3 Is = l2h /12 2071 in
αf3 Elb/ELs 1.41067
αfm = αf1 + αf2+α3+α4/4 = 1.85 0.2<αfm<2

β = 0.72
Yeid stress in reinforcement steel, Fy = 60000 psi
The slab clear span in the short direction, ln = 11.13 ft
The slab clear span in the long direction, ln = 15.40 ft
ACI 318-8 9.5.3.3 Using
eq(9-12) h = ln(0.8 +Fy/200000)/36 +5β (αfm - 0.2) 4.85 in 5 in
minimum slab thickness has to be 5 in therefore 5 in ok (127mm)
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
For slabs where αfm > 2 h = ln(0.8 + Fy/200000/36 +9β
Effective depth, d = h -(3/4 in) - 1/2 bar diameter = 4 in

The concrete compressive strenght, fc = 4 ksi
The width of strip under consideration, b = 12 in
Shear check
ACI 11.11.1.1 Vu = qu(l2/2-b/24-d/12 1.90 k
φ Vc = φ (2λ√fy)bd 4.55368 k
Vc > Vu 4.55 k OK
(20.28kn )
ACI 318-8 13.6.2.2 Calculating the total static moment interior slab strip width (13.62 ft)
eq(13-4) Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 117.92 k.ft
Negative (Mn) = 0.65 Mol -76.648 k.ft
Positive (Mp) = 0.35 Mol 41.2719 k.ft
ACI 318-8 13.6.3.2 l2/l1 0.76
α1l2/l1 1.07537
ACI 318-8 13.6.4.1 Percentage of lonitudinal Moment in column strip interior

Panels. interpolation not required α1l2/l1 < 1 using 82.20%
Distribution negative moment Mn
Column strip, 0.75Mn -63.005 k.ft
85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam -53.55 k.ft
15 % assign to the slab in the column strip -9.4507 k.ft
Middle strip, Mn -13.643 k.ft
Distribution positive moment Mp
Column strip, 0.75Mp 33.9255 k.ft
ACI 318-8 13.6.5.1 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam 28.8367 k.ft
15 % assign to the slab in the column strip 5.08883 k.ft
Middle strip, Mp 7.3464 k.ft

Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Calculating the total static moment exterior slab strip width 6.89833 ft
Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 59.72 k.ft
ACI 318-8 13.6.3.2 l2/l1 0.76
α1l2/l1 2.41057
ACI 318-8 13.6.4.1 Percentage of lonitudinal Moment in column strip exterior

Panels. By interpolation % = 84.00%
85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam 14.9252 k.ft
Long span direction = 16.57 ft

Beam moment Slab column strip moment Middle strip moment
Interior slab strip ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft)
Negtive -53.55 -9.45 -13.64
Positive 28.84 5.09 7.35
Exterior slab strip

Negtive -27.72 -4.89 -6.21
Positive 14.93 2.63 3.34
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
ACI 318-8 13.3 Short span direction

the span in the direction of the moment l1 12.3 ft
Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 86.03 k.ft
External negative (Mn) = 0.16 Mol -13.765 k.ft
Internal positive (Mp) = 0.57 Mol 49.0394 k.ft
Internal negative (Mn) = 0.7 Mol -60.224 k.ft
Calculating the torsional constant, C
25.5
16 5
14
Effective beam section exterior
dimension in inches
Exterior Beam
X Y 1-(0.63X/Y) X^3Y/3 C
Case 5 25.5 0.88 1062.50 931.3
A
11 14 0.51 6211.33 3137
4
4068 in
Case 5 11.5 0.73 479.17 347.9

B
14 16 0.45 14634.67 6567
4
6915 in
4
Using case B the larger value 6915.22 in
ACI 318-8 13.6.4 l2/l1 1.26667
α1l2/l1 1.78685
By interpolation 67%
ACI 318-8 13.6.4.2 βt 1.66954
By interpolation 78.00%
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Interior negative moment on column strip -40.35 k.ft
Interior negative moment on middle strip -26.498 k.ft
Distribution of positive moments
Interior positive moment on column strip 32.8564 k.ft
Interior positive moment on middle strip 21.5773 k.ft
85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam 27.928 k.ft
Exterior negative moment on column strip -10.737
Exterior negative moment on middle strip -2.33
85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam -9.1265
15 % assign to the slab in the column strip -1.6106
Short span direction = 12.3 ft

( k . Ft) ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft)
Internal Negtive -34.30 -6.05 -26.50
Positive 27.93 4.93 21.58
External Negtive -9.13 -1.61 -2.33
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Column Strip Middle Strip

Long direction
Mu (k.ft) -9.45 5.09 -13.64 7.35
Width of strip,b (in) 99.41 99.41 99.408 99.41
Effective depth,d (in) 4 4 4 4
2
Ru = Mu/bd psi 45.63 24.57 65.8779 55.43
Steel ratio ρ 0.0006 0.0003 0.0009 0.0008
2
As = ρbd (in ) 0.25 0.14 0.37 0.31
2
Min As =0.0018bh (in ) 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
ACI 318-8 7.12.2.1 Selected bars 8#3 8#3 8#3 8#3
Short direction
Mu (k.ft) -6.05 4.93 -26.50 21.58
2
Ru = Mu/bd psi 39.37 32.06 172.348 219.28
Steel ratio ρ 0.0006 0.0004 0.0025 0.0032
2
As = ρbd (in ) 0.16 0.13 0.73 0.93
2
ACI 318-8 7.12.2.1 Min As =0.0018bh (in ) 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66
Selected bars 6#3 6#3 8#3 11 # 3
Reinforement force selected Short direction

# 3 @ 9 c/c
10mm @ 229
Long direction
#3 @ 11c/c
10 mm @ 279
ACI 318-8 13.3.2 Bar spacing ≤ 2h ok
ACI 318-8 13.3.2
ACI 318-8 13.3.2

Project Title
2 WAY SLAB DESIGN FLOORS 2020. 11 .16

ASCE 7-5
Dead loads
ceiling
TABLE C3.1 Suspended metal laths and gypsum plaster 10 psf
TABLE C3.1 Floor finished

Ceramic tiles on 1/2 in mortar bed 16 psf
Slab self weight

h/12*150pcf 68.75 psf
Total dead load 94.75 psf
Live loads
TABLE 4.1 Private rooms and corridors 40 psf
Total live load 140 psf
Load combination
ACI 318-8 9.2.1
eq 9.2 1.2 D + 1.6L qu = 0.3377 KSF 0.3377 KSF
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09

ACI 318-8 13.6 Slab thickness design
Slab section under considertion
be be
h
y
b b
4
Section h (in) y(in) be(in) b (in) A1 A2 ȳ d1 d2 Ib in
Tee 5.5 10.5 37 14 203.5 147 3.799 1.049 6.95 3098.79
L 5.5 10.5 25.5 14 140.3 147 4.029 1.279 6.72 2871.47

Column dimension A & B 14 in
Width of exterior strip l 6.90 ft
3 4
Beam 1 Is = lh /12 1147.71 in
αf1 , Elb/ELs = 2.50
Width of interior strip l1 16.57 ft
3 4
Beam 2 Is = l2h /12 2756.5 in
αf2 Elb/ELs = 1.12418
Width of interior strip 16.57 ft
3 4
Beam 3 Is = l2h /12 2756.5 in
αf3 Elb/ELs 1.12418
αfm = αf1 + αf2+α3+α4/4 = 1.47 0.2<αfm<2

β = 0.72
Yeid stress in reinforcement steel, Fy = 60000 psi
The slab clear span in the short direction, ln = 11.13 ft
The slab clear span in the long direction, ln = 15.40 ft
ACI 318-8 9.5.3.3 Using
eq(9-12) h = ln(0.8 +Fy/200000)/36 +5β (αfm - 0.2) 5.01 in 5.5 in
minimum slab thickness has to be 5 in therefore 5.5 in ok (140 mm)
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
For slabs where αfm > 2 h = ln(0.8 + Fy/200000/36 +9β
Effective depth, d = h -(3/4 in) - 1/2 bar diameter = 5 in

The concrete compressive strenght, fc = 4 ksi
The width of strip under consideration, b = 12 in
Shear check
ACI 11.11.1.1 Vu = qu(l2/2-b/24-d/12 2.21 k
φ Vc = φ (2λ√fy)bd 5.12289 k
Vc > Vu 5.12 k OK
(22.8 kn)
ACI 318-8 13.6.2.2 Calculating the total static moment interior slab strip width (13.62 ft)
eq(13-4) Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 136.38 k.ft
ACI 318-8 13.6.3.2 l2/l1 0.76
α1l2/l1 0.85697
ACI 318-8 13.6.4.1 Percentage of lonitudinal Moment in column strip interior

Panels. interpolation not required α1l2/l1 < 1 using 75.00%

Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Calculating the total static moment exterior slab strip width 6.89833 ft
Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 69.07 k.ft
l2/l1 0.76
α1l2/l1 1.90724
Percentage of lonitudinal Moment in column strip exterior

Panels. By interpolation % = 82.20%
ACI 318-8 13.6.5.1 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam -31.369 k.ft
Long span direction = 16.57 ft

Interior slab strip ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft)
Negtive -56.51 -9.97 -22.16
Positive 30.43 5.37 11.93
Exterior slab strip

Negtive -31.37 -5.54 -7.99
Positive 16.89 2.98 4.30
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
ACI 318-8 13.3 Short span direction

the span in the direction of the moment l1 12.3 ft
Mol = (qu/8)l2(ln1)^2 99.50 k.ft
External negative (Mn) = 0.16 Mol -15.92 k.ft
Internal positive (Mp) = 0.57 Mol 56.7144 k.ft
Internal negative (Mn) = 0.7 Mol -69.649 k.ft
Calculating the torsional constant, C
25.5
16 5.5
14
Effective beam section exterior
dimension in inches
Exterior Beam
X Y 1-(0.63X/Y) X^3Y/3 C
Case 5.5 25.5 0.86 1414.19 1222
A
10.5 14 0.53 5402.25 2850
4
4072 in
Case 5.5 11.5 0.70 637.77 445.6

B
14 16 0.45 14634.67 6567
4
7013 in
4
Using case B the larger value 7012.91 in
ACI 318-8 13.6.4 l2/l1 1.26667
α1l2/l1 1.42396
By interpolation 67%
ACI 318-8 13.6.4.2 βt 1.27207
By interpolation 83.20%
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Interior negative moment on column strip -46.665 k.ft
Interior negative moment on middle strip -30.646 k.ft
ACI 318-8 13.6.5.1 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam -39.665 k.ft
Distribution of positive moments
Interior positive moment on column strip 37.9987 k.ft
Interior positive moment on middle strip 24.9544 k.ft
Exterior negative moment on column strip -13.245
Exterior negative moment on middle strip -2.69
85 % of the moment in the column strip is assign to the beam -11.259
15 % assign to the slab in the column strip -1.9868
Short span direction = 12.3 ft

( k . Ft) ( k . Ft) ( k . Ft)
Internal Negtive -39.67 -7.00 -30.65
Positive 32.30 5.70 24.95
External Negtive -11.26 -1.99 -2.69
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S09
Column Strip Middle Strip

Long direction
Mu (k.ft) -9.97 5.37 -22.16 11.93
2
Ru = Mu/bd psi 48.15 25.93 107.006 71.13
Steel ratio ρ 0.0007 0.0004 0.0020 0.0010
2
As = ρbd (in ) 0.30 0.16 0.91 0.45
2
ACI 318-8 7.12.2.1 Min As =0.0018bh (in ) 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98
Selected bars 8#3 8#3 8#3 8#3
Short direction
Mu (k.ft) -7.00 5.70 -30.65 24.95
2
Ru = Mu/bd psi 45.53 37.07 199.322 200.38
Steel ratio ρ 0.0006 0.0005 0.0029 0.0029
2
As = ρbd (in ) 0.21 0.17 0.95 0.96
2
ACI 318-8 7.12.2.1 Min As =0.0018bh (in ) 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
Selected bars 6#3 6#3 8#3 8#3
Reinforement force selected Short direction

# 3 @ 9 c/c
10mm @ 229
Long direction
#3 @ 11c/c
10 mm @ 279
ACI 318-8 13.3.2 Bar spacing ≤ 2h ok

BEAM CALCULATIONS
Project Title
Ample Apartments Aranguez
Calcs. By Checked By DWG. Ref.
C.T D.A
Part of Structure Date
PB1 BEAM DESIGN (BEAM #228) 2020.12.06
Reference Calculations Output
ACI 318-08 Loads

From STAAD PRO, Mu,midspan = 72.90 kip-ft
Mu,support = 97.60 kip-ft
Shear Force, Vu = 33.00 kips
Material Specifications
fc' = 4000.00 psi
fy = 60000.00 psi
Section Properties
21.5.1 Beam Dimensions
Beam Depth, h= 16.00 in 400mm
Beam Effective Depth, d= 14.50 in
Beam Width, bw = 14.00 in 350mm
Beam Span, l= 14.60 ft
Beam Clear Span, ln = 13.43 ft
MIN = 13.43 in
Column Depth, c1 = 14.00 in

Column Width, c2 = 14.00 in
Slab Thickness, hslab = 4.50 in
Clear Span ln shall be at least 4d

4d = 58.00 in OK
Width bw shall be at least the lesser of 0.3h and 10 in
0.3h = 4.80 in OK
Clear Distance to Adjacent Web, sw = 57.60 in
s l
Flange Width, b = min(6h , , )+b
2 12
= 27.43 in
Nominal Beam Strength

a
ΦM = ΦA f d− ≥M
2
A f
a=
0.85f b
3 f b d
10.5.1 Minimum Reinforcement, A , =
f
2
= 0.64 in
R21.5.2.1 Max Reinforcement, A , =ρ b d

2
= 5.08 in
Project Title
C.T D.A
R10.3.5 Moment Design

Moment Strength Reduction Factor,
φ= 0.90
R10.2.3 Concrete Compressive Strain εcu = 0.003
R10.2.7 β1 = 0.85
For Positive Moment, b = bf = 14.00 in

a= 1.26
For Negative Moment, b = bf = 14.00 in
a= 1.26
a
Required Reinforcement: M ≤ ϕM = ϕA f d−
2
At Midspan, As,req = 1.18

Use 3 No 6 Bars 3-T20 BARS
db = 0.75 in
Ab = 0.44
# of Bars = 3.00
As,prov = 1.33 OK
At Supports, As,req = 1.61

db = 0.75 in
Ab = 0.44
# of Bars = 4.00
As,prov = 1.77 OK
Check Strain:
A f
At Midspan, a=
0.85f b
= 1.67 in
a
c=
β
= 1.97 in
ε
ε = (d − c)
c
εt = 0.02
Tension Controlled
At Support, a= 2.23 in
c= 2.62 in
εt = 0.01
Tension Controlled
Check Midspan Rebar OK

Support Rebar OK
Project Title
C.T D.A
R21.5.4.1 Beam Shear Design

+M − −M w L
V = +
L 2
@ Supports, -apr = 2.78 in
-Mpr = 144.77 kip-ft
@ Midspan, +apr = 2.09 in

+Mpr = 108.58 kip-ft
Shear from Dead Load, Vgravity = 1.2D + 1.6L

= 33.00 kips
Vc = 25.70 kips
@ face of support Vu = 33.00 kips
Design Vu (@ distance d from support)= 33.00 kips
9.3.2.3 φVc = 19.28 kips
Vu = Ve = 51.86 kips
Shear Reinforcement Required
Vs = 18.30
4 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑑 Vc1 = 51.40 kips

8 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑑 Vc2 = 102.70 kips
Design of Strrups,
2
Shear reinfment Ast-v= 0.1941176 in Link Bars
Stirrup Size = 0.38 in R10 Bar
2
Astirrup = 0.22 in
# of Legs = 2.00
Stirrup Spacings calcu. Space Sel.Spacing

S1= 10.50 in
d/2 or 24= S2= 7.25 in 7in 175mm
S3= 3.71 in
Vs, = 26.4 kips

φVs, req'd = 19.8 kips
11.1.1 Vn = 52.10 kips

φVn = 39.075 kips OK
Project Title
C.T D.A
ACI 318-08 Loads

From STAAD PRO, Mu,midspan = 55.30 kip-ft
Mu,support = 79.40 kip-ft
Shear Force, Vu = 22.20 kips
Material Specifications
fc' = 4000.00 psi
fy = 60000.00 psi
Section Properties
21.5.1 Beam Dimensions
Beam Depth, h= 16.00 in 400mm
Beam Effective Depth, d= 14.50 in
Beam Width, bw = 14.00 in 350mm
Beam Span, l= 18.70 ft
Beam Clear Span, ln = 17.55 ft
MIN = 17.55 in
Column Depth, c1 = 14.00 in

Column Width, c2 = 14.00 in
Slab Thickness, hslab = 4.50 in
Clear Span ln shall be at least 4d

4d = 58.00 in OK
Width bw shall be at least the lesser of 0.3h and 10 in
0.3h = 4.80 in OK
Clear Distance to Adjacent Web, sw = 57.60 in
s l
Flange Width, b = min(6h , , )+b
2 12
= 31.55 in
Nominal Beam Strength

a
ΦM = ΦA f d− ≥M
2
A f
a=
0.85f b
3 f b d
10.5.1 Minimum Reinforcement, A , =
f
2
= 0.64 in
R21.5.2.1 Max Reinforcement, A , =ρ b d

2
= 5.08 in
Project Title
C.T D.A
R10.3.5 Moment Design

Moment Strength Reduction Factor,
φ= 0.90
R10.2.3 Concrete Compressive Strain εcu = 0.003
R10.2.7 β1 = 0.85
For Positive Moment, b = bf = 14.00 in

a= 1.26
For Negative Moment, b = bf = 14.00 in
a= 1.26
a
Required Reinforcement: M ≤ ϕM = ϕA f d−
2
At Midspan, As,req = 0.88

db = 0.75 in
Ab = 0.44
# of Bars = 4.00
As,prov = 1.77 OK
At Supports, As,req = 1.29

db = 0.75 in
Ab = 0.44
# of Bars = 3.00
As,prov = 1.33 OK
Check Strain:
A f
At Midspan, a=
0.85f b
= 2.23 in
a
c=
β
= 2.62 in
ε
ε = (d − c)
c
εt = 0.01
Tension Controlled
At Support, a= 1.67 in
c= 1.97 in
εt = 0.02
Tension Controlled
Check Midspan Rebar OK

Support Rebar OK
Project Title
C.T D.A
R21.5.4.1 Beam Shear Design

+M − −M w L
V = +
L 2
@ Supports, -apr = 2.09 in
-Mpr = 111.46 kip-ft
@ Midspan, +apr = 2.78 in

+Mpr = 148.62 kip-ft
Shear from Dead Load, Vgravity = 1.2D + 1.6L

= 22.20 kips
Vc = 25.70 kips
@ face of support Vu = 22.20 kips
Design Vu (@ distance d from support)= 22.20 kips
9.3.2.3 φVc = 19.28 kips
Vu = Ve = 37.02 kips
Shear Reinforcement Required
Vs = 3.90
4 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑑 Vc1 = 51.40 kips

8 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑑 Vc2 = 102.70 kips
Design of Strrups,
2
Shear reinfment Ast-v= 0.1941176 in Link Bars
Stirrup Size = 0.38 in R10 Bar
2
Astirrup = 0.22 in
# of Legs = 2.00
Stirrup Spacings calcu. Space Sel.Spacing

S1= 49.28 in
d/2 or 24= S2= 7.25 in 7in 175mm
S3= 3.71 in
Vs, = 26.4 kips

φVs, req'd = 19.8 kips
11.1.1 Vn = 52.10 kips

φVn = 39.075 kips OK
COLUMN CALCULATIONS
Project Title

Calcs. By Checked By DWG. REF
P.R D.A APP - S03
Part of Structure DATE
COLUMN DESIGN- C1 ( BEAM #53) 2020.12.06

REFERENECES CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
from STAAD Pro
Model Factored axial load,Pu 316.549 K
Length(L) 14 ft 4267.2 mm
ACI 318-08 9.2.1 height(h) 14 in 350 mm
width (B) 14 in 350 mm
fc' 4 ksi
β 0.85
fy (ksi) 60 ksi
Steel percentage,pg% 0.05
φ tied 0.65
cover 1.5 in
ACI 318 -08 Es 29000 ksi
(10.2) 0.01 < Pg > 0.08
K 0.8
For square Column:

≥
φ 0.85 + − 0.85
Ag ≥ 97.71 in^2 63024 mm^2
Column dimensions :
h 9.88 in 247.12 mm
Use h 14 in 350.00 mm
Actual Value of Ag
2
Ag 196 in 126420 mm^2
Area of tensional steel,Ast = 0.027Ag

2 2
Ast = 5.292 in 3413.34 mm
Bar size 8 8 No.

No. of bars 4 4 No.
2 2
As 3.14 in 2025.3 mm
Bar diameter
db 1 in 25 mm
Using 3/8 ties
Tie Spacing Requirements

S1 = 16db 16 in 400 mm
S2 = 48(tie bar diameter) 18 in 450 mm
S3 = column side dimension 14 in 350 mm
Tie spacing < min(16,18,14),therefore the tie spacing = 14 in 350 mm

Use No. 3 ties @ 15 14
in in
Check Code Requirements

Project Title

P.R D.A APP - S03

REFERENCES CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Steel Percentage
0.01Ag < 0.016020408 >0.08 Ag O.K
Longitudinal spacing,s > Db

16 > 1 O.K
Column Splice
Isc = 0.0005fydb
30 in > 14 in O.K
eccentricity in the x direction,ex

ACI 318-08-10 eccentricity in the y direction,ey
ex 7 in 175 mm
ey 7 in 175 mm
d' 2.5 in 62.5 mm
d 11.5 in 287.5 mm
For balanced condition,
=( )d
cb 6.806122449 in 170.1530612 mm
ab 5.785204082 in 144.630102 mm
Cc = 0.85fc'ab
Cc 275.3757143 275.3757143 K
fs 55.04347826 ksi 55.04347826 ksi
therefore f's = 60ksi
Cs = A's(fy-0.85f'c)
Cs 177.724 K
177.724 K
T = As fy
T= 188.4 K
188.4 K
Pox = Cc + Cs - T
Pox = 264.6997143 K
264.6997143 K
ᶲPbx = 172.0548143 K
172.0548143 K
a 5.785204082 in
c 7.231505102 in 144.630102 mm
c > cb 180.7876276 mm
Project Title

P.R D.A APP - S03

compression occurs
56.92327366 > fy 60 ksi 56.92327366 ksi
fs =
= 87( )
fs 51.35294118 < fy = 60 ksi 51.35294118 ksi
Cc 275.3757143 K 275.3757143 K
Cs= 177.724 K 177.724 K
T 161.2482353 K 161.2482353 K
Pnx 291.851479 K 291.851479 K
Pnx > Pbx,therefore compression failure occurs
=( )
ACI 318-
08.R10.2.3 εt 0.001770791 < 0.002
Pux = ᶲPnx = 189.7034613 K 189.7034613 K
Taking Moments about As
= [ − + − ]
e' 11.5 11.5
Pnx 345.1986401 K 345.1986401 K
Uniaxial load Pnx about x axis when ey = 6in
Pnx 345.1986401 K 345.1986401 K
Uniaxial load Pny about y axis when ex = 6in
b 14 in 350 mm
h 14 in 350 mm
ex 7 in 175 mm
ey 7 in 175 mm
d' 2.5 in 62.5 mm
d 11.5 in 287.5 mm
φ 0.65
Project Title

P.R D.A APP - S03

=( )d
cb 6.806122449 in 170.1530612 mm
ab 5.785204082 in
Cc = 0.85fc'ab 144.630102 mm
Cc 275.3757143 K 275.3757143 K
fs 55.04347826 ksi 55.04347826 ksi
Cs 177.724 K 177.724 K
T = As fy
T= 188.4 K 188.4 K
Poy = Cc + Cs - T
Poy = 264.6997143 K 264.6997143 K
ᶲPby = 172.0548143 K 172.0548143 K
a 5.785204082 in 5.785204082 in
c 7.231505102 in 7.231505102 in
c > cb
compression occurs
87 > fy 60 ksi
= 87( )
fs 51.35294118 < fy 51.35294118 ksi
Cc 275.3757143 275.3757143 K
Cs= 177.724 177.724 K
ACI 318-08
R10.2.4 T 161.2482353 161.2482353 K
Pny 291.851479 291.851479 K
Pny > Pby,therefore compression failure occurs

Project Title

P.R D.A APP - S03

=( )
ACI 318-
08.R10.2.3 ᵋt 0.001770791 < 0.002 0.001770791
Puy = ᶲPny = 189.7034613 K 189.7034613 K
Pny = [ − + − ]
e' 11.5 11.5
Pny 345.1986401 K 345.1986401 K
Pny 345.1986401 K 345.1986401 K
Nominal axial load

P no = 0.85fc'Ag + Ast (fy - 0.85f'c)
Pno 965.9272 K 965.9272 K
Pno > Pu SAFE
BIAXIAL LOAD
= + -
ACI 318 - 08
R10.3.6
47.58490874 K
Pn 73.20755191 K 73.20755191 K
Project Title

P.R D.A APP-S03

COLUMN DESIGN-C2 ( BEAM #65) 2020.12.06

from STAAD Pro
Model Factored axial load,Pu 188.45 K
Length(L) 14 ft
ACI 318-08 9.2.1 height(h) 14 in 350 mm
fc' 4 ksi
β 0.85
fy (ksi) 60 ksi
φ tied 0.65
cover 1.5 in 37.5 mm
ACI 318 -08 Es 29000 ksi
(10.2) 0.01 < Pg > 0.08
K 0.8
For square Column:

≥
φ 0.85 + − 0.85
2
Ag ≥ 58.17 in^2 37520 mm
Column dimensions :
h 7.63 in 190.67 mm
Use h 14 in 350.00 mm
Actual Value of Ag
2 2
Ag 196 in 126420 mm

2 2
Ast = 5.292 in 3413.3 mm
Bar size 6 6 No.

No. of bars 4 4 No.
2 2
As 1.77 in 1141.7 mm
Bar diameter
db 0.75 in 18.75 mm
Using 3/8 ties

Spacing Requirements
S1 = 16db 12 in 300 mm
S3 = column side 14 in 350 mm
Use No. 3 ties @ 1512inin

tie spacing 300 mm
Project Title

P.R D.A APP-S03


Steel Percentage
0.01Ag < 0.009030612 >0.08 Ag O.K

12 > 0.75 O.K
Column Splice
Isc = 0.0005fydb
30 in > 14 in O.K

ex 7 in
ey 7 in
d' 2.5 in
d 11.5 in
=( )d
cb 6.806122449 in 6.8061 in
ab 5.785204082 in 5.7852 in
Cc = 0.85fc'ab
Cc 275.3757143 275.38 K
fs 55.04347826 ksi 55.043 ksi
Cs 100.182 K
100.18 K
T = As fy
T= 106.2 K
106.2 K
Pox = Cc + Cs - T
Pox = 269.3577143 K
269.36 K
ᶲPbx = 175.0825143 K
175.08 K
a 5.785204082 in
c 7.231505102 in 5.7852 in
c > cb 7.2315 in
compression occurs
56.92327366 > fy 60 ksi 56.923 ksi
Project Title

P.R D.A APP-S03


fs =
= 87( )
fs 51.35294118 < fy = 60 ksi 51.35294
Cc 275.3757143 K 275.38 K
Cs= 100.182 K 100.18 K
T 90.89470588 K 90.895 K
Pnx 284.6630084 K 284.66 K
=( )
ACI 318-
08.R10.2.3 εt 0.001770791 < 0.002
Pux = ᶲPnx = 185.0309555 K 185.03 K
= [ − + − ]
e' 11.5 11.5
Pnx 284.5135966 K 284.51 K
Pnx 284.5135966 K 284.51 K

b 14 in
h 14 in
ex 7 in
ey 7 in
d' 2.5 in
d 11.5 in
φ 0.65
=( )d
cb 6.806122449 in 6.8061
Project Title

P.R D.A APP-S03

REFERANCES CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
ab 5.785204082 in
Cc = 0.85fc'ab 5.7852 in
Cc 275.3757143 K 275.38 K
fs 55.04347826 ksi 55.043 ksi
Cs 100.182 K 100.18 K
T = As fy
T= 106.2 K 106.2 K
Poy = Cc + Cs - T
Poy = 269.3577143 K 269.36 K
ᶲPby = 175.0825143 K 175.08 K
a 5.785204082 in 5.7852 in
c 7.231505102 in 7.2315 in
c > cb
compression occurs
87 > fy 60 ksi
= 87( )
fs 51.35294118 < fy 51.353 ksi
Cc 275.3757143 275.38 K
Cs= 100.182 100.18 K
ACI 318-08
R10.2.4 T 90.89470588 90.895 K
Pny 284.6630084 284.66 K
=( )
08.R10.2.3 ᵋt 0.001770791 < 0.002 0.0018
Puy = ᶲPny = 185.0309555 K 185.03 K
= [ − + − ]
e' 11.5 11.5
Pny 284.5135966 K 284.51 K

Project Title
Calcs.
Checked By DWG. REF
By
P.R D.A APP-S03
C3 Column Design (BEAM
2020.12.06
#67)
from STAAD
Pro Model Factored axial load,Pu 108.265 K
ACI 318-08 Length(L) 14 ft

9.2.1 height(h) 14 in 350 mm
fc' 4 ksi
β 0.85
fy (ksi) 60 ksi
φ tied 0.65
cover 1.5 in
ACI 318 -08 Es 29000 ksi
(10.2) 0.01 < Pg > 0.08
K 0.8
For square Column:

≥
φ 0.85 + − 0.85
Ag ≥ 33.42 in^2 21555 mm2
Column dimensions :
h 5.78 in 144.52 mm
Use h 14 in 350.00 mm
Actual Value of Ag
2 2
Ag 196 in 126420 mm

2 2
Ast = 5.292 in 3413.34 mm
Bar size 5 5 No.

No. of bars 4 4 No.
2 2
As 1.23 in 793.35 mm
Bar diameter
db 0.625 in 15.625 mm
Using 3/8 ties
Spacing Requirements
S1 = 16db 10 in 250 mm
S3 = column side 14 in 350 mm
Use No. 3 ties @ 15 in 250 mm 250 mm

Project Title
Calcs. Checked
DWG. REF
By By
P.R D.A APP-S03
C3 Column Design (BEAM #67) 2020.12.06
Steel Percentage
0.01Ag < 0.00627551 >0.08 Ag O.K

10 > 0.625 O.K
Column Splice
Isc = 0.0005fydb
30 in > 14 in O.K

ex 7 in
ey 7 in
d' 2.5 in
d 11.5 in

=( )d
cb 6.8061224 in 6.806122 in
ab 5.785204082 in 5.785204 in
Cc = 0.85fc'ab
Cc 275.37571 275.3757 K
fs 55.04347826 ksi 55.04348 ksi
Cs 69.618 K
69.618 K
T = As fy
T= 73.8 K
73.8 K
Pox = Cc + Cs - T
Pox = 271.19371 K
271.1937 K
ᶲPbx = 176.27591 K
176.2759 K
a 5.785204082 in
c 7.231505102 in 5.785204 in
c > cb 7.231505 in
Project Title
Calcs.
Checked By DWG. REF
By
P.R D.A APP-S03

2020.12.06
#67)
compression occurs
56.92327366 > fy 60 ksi 56.92327 ksi
fs =
= 87( )
fs 51.35294118 < fy = 60 ksi 51.3529412

Cc 275.3757143 K 275.3757 K
Cs= 69.618 K 69.618 K
T 63.16411765 K 63.16412 K
Pnx 281.8295966 K 281.8296 K
=( )
ACI 318- εt 0.0017708 < 0.002
Pux = ᶲPnx = 183.18924 K 183.1892 K

= [ − + − ]
e' 11.5 11.5
Pnx 260.5939444 K 260.5939 K
Pnx 260.59394 K 260.5939 K

b 13 in
h 13 in
ex 6.5 in
ey 6.5 in
d' 2.5 in
d 10.5 in
φ 0.65
=( )d
cb 6.2142857 in 6.214286 in
Project Title
Calcs.
Checked By DWG. REF
By
P.R D.A APP-S03
2020.12.06
#67)
ab 5.2821429 in
Cc = 0.85fc'ab 5.282143 in
Cc 233.47071 K 233.4707 K
fs 52 ksi 52 ksi
Cs 69.618 K 69.618 K
T = As fy
T= 73.8 K 73.8 K
Poy = Cc + Cs - T
Poy = 229.28871 K 229.2887 K
ᶲPby = 149.03766 K 149.0377 K
a 5.282142857 in 5.282143 in
c 6.602678571 in 6.602679 in
c > cb
compression occurs
87 > fy 60 ksi
fs =
= 87( )
fs 51.352941 < fy 51.35294 ksi
Cc 233.4707143 233.4707 K
Cs= 69.618 69.618 K
ACI 318-08
R10.2.4 T 63.16411765 63.16412 K
Pny 239.9245966 239.9246 K
=( )
ACI 318-
08.R10.2.3 Et 0.0017708 < 0.002 0.001771
Puy = ᶲPny = 155.95099 K 155.951 K

Project Title

Calcs. Checked By DWG. REF
P.R D.A APP-S03
2020.12.06
#67)
= [ − + − ]
e' 10.5 10.5
Pny 227.7879683 K 227.788 K
Pny 227.78797 K 227.788 K
Nominal axial load

P no = 0.85fc'Ag + Ast (fy - 0.85f'c)
Pno 413.2 K 413.1526 K
Pno > Pu SAFE
BIAXIAL LOAD = + -
58.07022303 K
Pn 89.33880466 K 89.3388 K
FOUNDATION CALCULATIONS
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
DESIGN OF A SQUARE FOOTING (F1)
2020.12.06
NODE 09
ACI 318-08 INPUT DATA

Column Loads form Staad -
ASD Combination: P= 223.40 kip
Reaction: Pu = 298.94 kip
Material Properties -
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc' = 4 ksi
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 60 ksi
Normal Weight Concrete, λ= 1
3
Density of Concrete, ρ= 150 lb/ft
Unit weight of soil, gsoil = 100 pcf
Allowable Soil Bearing Pressures -

qallow = 6000 psf
Material Requirements
1.1.1 Concrete Compressive Strength, f'c,min = 2500.0 psi OK
TABLE 4.2.1 Concrete Exposure Category, Category = F0
TABLE 4.2.1 Class = F0
Column Dimensions: width = 14.0 in

length = 14.0 in
Determine required base area of footing:

trial footing thickness, use, h= 32.0 in 800 mm
2
Area of Footing ≥ 37.23 ft
Assuming a Square Footing, L = Area ≥ 6.1 ft
Actual L = B = 6.5 ft OK
Therefore, Try a 6'-6" x 6'-6" Square Footing 2000 x 2000mm
Evaluate the net factored soil pressure

Factored Soil Pressure, Pu = 298.94 kN
2
Area = 42.25 ft
P
q = = 7.08 ksf
Area
Design of One Way Shear
Because the Footing is Square, it will only be Designed in One Direction
9.3.2.3 Shear Strength Reduc. Factor, ɸshear = 0.75
Provided Footing Depth, hprov = 32.00 in

Effective Depth, d= 28.25 in
Column Dimension, c= 14.00 in
11.1.1 ϕV ≥ V
11.1.1 V =V +V
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 09
Therefore,
18.21 V =V =2 f b d= 278.72 kips
ɸVc = 209.04 kips
And Satisfying,
l c
ϕV ≥ V = − − d bq = 14.37 kips OK
2 2
Assumed Footing Depth is

Adequate
Design of Two Way Shear

b =4 c+d = 169.0 in
a v = 4λ f = 253.0 psi
4
b v = 2+ λ f = 379.5 psi
β
NOTE: β is the Ratio of the Long Side to the Short Side of the Column
αd
c v = +2 λ f = 422.9 psi
b
11.11.2.1 (b) α= 40.0
vc = 253.0
V = 4λ f b d = 1207.8 kips
ɸVc = 905.9 kips
ACI-318-14
8.5.1.1 ϕV ≥ V = q a − c+d = 211.2 kips OK
Two Way Shear is Adequate
Determine flexural reinf.

l−c b 163.5 kip-ft
M =q =
2 2
Concrete Conpression Force equal to the Steel Tension Force at the Column
Face: C = T
10.2.7.1 C = 0.85f ba
T=A f
A f
a= = 0.23 As
0.85f b
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 09
Substitute for a in the following eqaution,

19.4.4
a
ϕM = ϕA f d−
2
2
As,req'd > 1.29 in
2
7.12.2.1 (b) As,min = 0.0018bh = 4.5 in
Use 11 No. 6 Bars 11 - T20 BARS
No. of Bars = 11 BOTHWAY
db = 0.8 in2
As,prov = 4.9 in2 OK
9.3.2 Check if the Assumption of Tension Controlled Behaviour and the Use of φ =
0.9 is Correct
a= 1.1 in
c= 1.3 in
ε
10.2.2 ε = d−c = 0.063 Tension Controlled
c
Check that Allowable Soil Pressure is not exceeded when including Footing Self
Weight
Footing Selfweight, WF = 16.9 kip

Total Weight, WT = 240.3 kip
Actual Soil Pressure, qa = 5.7 ksf OK
Transfer of Column Forces to the Base

A
10.14.1 B = 0.85f A = 3712.8 kip
A
10.14.1 B = 2 0.85f A = 1332.8 kip
Bearing Area of Column, A1 = 196.0 in2

Bearing Area of Footing, A2 = 6084.0 in2
A
= 5.6
A
Therefore, Bn = 1332.8 kip

Bearing Strength Reduct. Factor, ɸ= 0.65
ɸBn = 866.3 kip OK
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 09
15.8.2.1 Column Factored Forces are Transferred to the Foundation by Bearing and
through Reinforcement, usually Dowels. Provide Dowel Area of at least
0.005Ag and at least 4 Bars.
As,dowel = 1.0 in2

Use 4No. 8 Bars 4-T25 BARS
No. of Bars = 4
db = 1.0 in
ACI-318-14
25.4.9.2 Development Length,
l
f Ψ
d
= 50λ f
0.0003f Ψ d
Ψr = 1.0
ldc,1 = 19.0 in
ldc,2 = 18.0 in
ldc = 19.0 in 485mm
The Footing Depth must Satisfy the following inequality so that the Dowels can
be Developed within the Provided Depth
ACI-318-14
25.3.1 h≥l +r+d , + 2d , +3= 30.5 in OK
r= 6.0 in
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 22

3

qallow = 6000 psf

length = 14.0 in

2

2
Area = 29.16 ft
P
q = = 6.46 ksf
Area

11.1.1 ϕV ≥ V
11.1.1 V =V +V
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 22
Therefore,
18.21 V =V =2 f b d= 231.55 kips
ɸVc = 173.67 kips
And Satisfying,
l c
ϕV ≥ V = − − d bq = -8.29 kips OK
2 2

Adequate

b =4 c+d = 169.0 in
a v = 4λ f = 253.0 psi
4
b v = 2+ λ f = 379.5 psi
β
αd
c v = +2 λ f = 422.9 psi
b
11.11.2.1 (b) α= 40.0
vc = 253.0
V = 4λ f b d = 1207.8 kips
ɸVc = 905.9 kips
ACI-318-14
8.5.1.1 ϕV ≥ V = q a − c+d = 108.4 kips OK

l−c b 78.2 kip-ft
M =q =
2 2
Face: C = T
10.2.7.1 C = 0.85f ba
T=A f
A f
a= = 0.27 As
0.85f b
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 22

19.4.4
a
ϕM = ϕA f d−
2
2
As,req'd > 0.62 in
2
7.12.2.1 (b) As,min = 0.0018bh = 3.7 in
db = 0.8 in2
0.9 is Correct
a= 1.1 in
c= 1.3 in
ε
c
Weight


A
10.14.1 B = 0.85f A = 3084.5 kip
A
10.14.1 B = 2 0.85f A = 1332.8 kip

A
= 4.6
A

ɸBn = 866.3 kip OK
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 22
As,dowel = 1.0 in2

No. of Bars = 4
db = 1.0 in
ACI-318-14
l
f Ψ
d
= 50λ f
0.0003f Ψ d
Ψr = 1.0
ldc,1 = 19.0 in
ldc,2 = 18.0 in
ldc = 19.0 in
ACI-318-14
25.3.1 h≥l +r+d , + 2d , +3= 30.5 in OK
r= 6.0 in
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 24

3

qallow = 6000 psf

length = 14.0 in

2

2
Area = 16.00 ft
P
q = = 6.76 ksf
Area

11.1.1 ϕV ≥ V
11.1.1 V =V +V
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 24
Therefore,
18.21 V =V =2 f b d= 171.52 kips
ɸVc = 128.64 kips
And Satisfying,
l c
ϕV ≥ V = − − d bq = -25.34 kips OK
2 2

Adequate

b =4 c+d = 169.0 in
a v = 4λ f = 253.0 psi
4
b v = 2+ λ f = 379.5 psi
β
αd
c v = +2 λ f = 422.9 psi
b
11.11.2.1 (b) α= 40.0
vc = 253.0
V = 4λ f b d = 1207.8 kips
ɸVc = 905.9 kips
ACI-318-14
8.5.1.1 ϕV ≥ V = q a − c+d = 24.4 kips OK

l−c b 27.1 kip-ft
M =q =
2 2
Face: C = T
10.2.7.1 C = 0.85f ba
T=A f
A f
a= = 0.37 As
0.85f b
Project Title
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 24

19.4.4
a
ϕM = ϕA f d−
2
2
As,req'd > 0.21 in
2
7.12.2.1 (b) As,min = 0.0018bh = 2.8 in
db = 0.8 in2
0.9 is Correct
a= 1.1 in
c= 1.3 in
ε
c
Weight


A
10.14.1 B = 0.85f A = 2284.8 kip
A
10.14.1 B = 2 0.85f A = 1332.8 kip

A
= 3.4
A

ɸBn = 866.3 kip OK
Project Title
Ample Apartments Barataria
C.T D.A APP-S02
2020.12.06
NODE 24
As,dowel = 1.0 in2

No. of Bars = 4
db = 1.0 in
ACI-318-14
l
f Ψ
d
= 50λ f
0.0003f Ψ d
Ψr = 1.0
ldc,1 = 19.0 in
ldc,2 = 18.0 in
ldc = 19.0 in
ACI-318-14
25.3.1 h≥l +r+d , + 2d , +3= 30.5 in OK
r= 6.0 in
STAIR CALCULATIONS
Project Title
1st & 2nd FLOOR STAIR DESIGN 2020. 11 .16
Stair Dimensions
Waist long dimension, w 6.5 in

Rise,R 6.1 in
Run,r 11.81 in
Waist thickness,W 6.5 in
Depth of landing 6 in
Length of landing 8.2 ft
landing width, A 5.91 ft
landing width, B 4.91 ft
Stair length 8.85 ft
Distance between stairs 0.656 ft
2
Finishes, ceramic tiles on 1/2" motar 16 lb/ft
Dead Load
Weight of one step = Traezoidal area x 150
(2w + R /24)(r/12)(150) 117.4849 lb/ step
Average weight per foot length = (12/run )x lb/step 119.375 lb/ft
Weight of landing = depth x 1ft x 150 pcf 75 lb/ft
Weight of finishes
Run 15.75 lb/ft
Rise 8.13 lb/ft
Landing 16.00 lb/ft
Total dead load on step 143.26 lb/ft
Total dead load on landing 91.00 lb/ft
ASCE 7-5 Live load
TABLE 4.1 Private rooms and corridors 40 psf
Load combination
ACI 318-8 9.2.1
eq 9.2 1.2 D + 1.6L wu on stairs 395.906 lb/ft
1.2 D + 1.6L wu on landing 333.2 lb/ft

Project Title
Bending moment
395.91
166.60
5.91 8.85
A B
Please note the units for UDL in the top part of diagram are lb/ft
and the unit for the dimensions below are in ft
Support reaction at RB 2.65 k
Support reaction at RA 1.84 k
Location of the max bending at zero shear force 8.07 ft

from RA
Maximum bending moment 8.87 k. ft
Reinforcement steel
Effective depth, d = h - concrete cover -0.5 bar 5.5 in

diameter
Where concrete cover is 0.75 in
and bar diameter is 1/2 in
Assuming the depth of equivalent rectangular

concrete stress block 0.8
Reinforcement yield stress, f y 60 ksi

ɸ 0.9
Concrete compressive strenght fc 3 ksi
2
Area of steel using As = Mu/ɸfy(d-a/2) 0.39 in
2
Minimum As = 0.0033 bh 0.24 in
Selected bar # 4 at 5 in c/c # 4 at 5 in c/c

(12mm @ 127 c/c)
Project Title
Min stab thick for deflection, L/28 6.33 in

Using 6.5 in > 6.33 in ok
Depth of the equivalent rectangular concrete

stress block a = Asfy/0.85fcb a 0.76 in
b = 12 in
ACI 318-8 10.7 Distance from the top fibers to neural axis, c = a/β 0.89 in
where β = 0.85 when fc < 4000 psi
Net tensile strain, εt = (d-c/c)*0.003 0.0135
εt > 0.005 therefore ɸ = 0.9
Transverse reinforcement
2
As = 0.0018bh 0.13 in # 3 at 10 in c/c
Selected bar # 3 at 10 in c/c (10 mm @ 250 c/c)
Landing Design
333.2
166.60 166.6
4.1 0.656 4.1

C D
Support reaction at RD 0.79 k
Support reaction at RC 0.79 k
Reinforcement steel

diameter - main reinforcement
Assuming the depth of equivalent rectangular 0.4 in

concrete stress block Selected bar
Area of steel using As = Mu/ɸfy(d-a/2) 0.10 # 3 at 12 c/c

(10 mm @ 300 c/c)
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S14
ROOF STAIR DESIGN 2020. 11 .16
Stair Dimensions
Waist long dimension, w 10 in

Rise,R 6.1 in
Run,r 11.81 in
Waist thickness,W 8.5 in
Depth of landing 6 in
Length of landing 8.2 ft
landing width, A 5.91 ft
landing width, B 0 ft
Stair length 13.77 ft
Distance between stairs 0.656 ft
2
Finishes, ceramic tiles on 1/2" motar 16 lb/ft
Dead Load
Weight of one step = Traezoidal area x 150
(2w + R /24)(r/12)(150) 160.5422 lb/ step
Average weight per foot length = (12/run )x lb/step 163.125 lb/ft
Weight of landing = depth x 1ft x 150 pcf 75 lb/ft
Weight of finishes
Run 15.75 lb/ft
Rise 8.13 lb/ft
Landing 16.00 lb/ft
Total dead load on step 187.01 lb/ft
Total dead load on landing 91.00 lb/ft

Live load
ASCE 7-5 Private rooms and corridors 40 psf
TABLE 4.1 Public rooms and corridors 100 psf
Load combination
1.2 D + 1.6L wu on stairs 448.406 lb/ft

ACI 318-8 9.2.1
eq 9.2 1.2 D + 1.6L wu on landing 333.2 lb/ft
Project Title
D. A C.T APP - S14
Bending moment
448.41
166.60
5.91 13.77
A B
Support reaction at RB 4.16 k
Support reaction at RA 5.19 k
Location of the max bending at zero shear force 15.30 ft

from RA
Reinforcement steel

diameter
Where concrete cover is 0.75 in
and bar diameter is 1/2 in
Assuming the depth of equivalent rectangular

concrete stress block 0.8
Reinforcement yield stress, f y 60 ksi

ɸ 0.9
Concrete compressive strenght fc 3 ksi
2
Area of steel using As = Mu/ɸfy(d-a/2) 1.49 in
2
Minimum As = 0.0033 bh 0.24 in
Selected bar #6 at 3.5 in c/c

(20 mm@89 mm)
Project Title
D. A C.T APP-S14
Min stab thick for deflection, L/28 8.43 in

Using 8.5 in > 8.22 in ok
Depth of the equivalent rectangular concrete

stress block a = Asfy/0.85fcb a 2.92 in
b = 12 in
ACI 318-8 10.7 Distance from the top fibers to neural axis, c = a/β 3.43 in
where β = 0.85 when fc < 4000 psi
Net tensile strain, εt = (d-c/c)*0.003 0.0195
εt > 0.005 therefore ɸ = 0.9
Transverse reinforcement
2
As = 0.0018bh 0.13 in
Selected bar # 3 at 10 in c/c
Landing Design
333.2
166.60 166.6
4.1 0.656 4.1

C D
Support reaction at RD 0.79 k
Support reaction at RC 0.79 k
Reinforcement steel

diameter - main reinforcement
Assuming the depth of equivalent rectangular 0.4 in

concrete stress block Selected bar
# 3 @ 12 in c/c
Area of steel using As = Mu/ɸfy(d-a/2) 0.10 (10 mm @ 300 mm)
DRAWING PACKAGE
SITE PLAN
FOR APPROVAL
AMPLE APARTMENTS ARANGUEZ
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
SITE PLAN JF.

A B C D D1 E A B C D D1 E
1 1
1a 1a
2 2
3 3
4 4
COLUMN LAYOUT FOUNDATION LAYOUT
5 NOTE: 5 NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
COLUMN & FOUNDATION LAYOUT JF.

SECTION THRU
GROUND BEAM
TYP. GB1. GROUND BEAM DETAIL.
GROUND FLOOR SLAB
TYPICAL SECTION A-A
200THK REINFORCED MASONRY FOUNDTION WALL PLAN
FOOTING TYPE F1. FOOTING TYPE F2. FOOTING TYPE F3.
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
FOUNDATION DETAILS JF.

RC BEAM DETAIL
THRU COLUMN
RC COLUMN END DETAIL
RC COLUMN C1 DETAIL A-A RC COLUMN C2 DETAIL B-B RC COLUMN C3 DETAIL C-C
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
COLUMN DETAILS JF.

1 1
1a 1a
2 2
3 3
4 4
FIRST FLOOR FRAMING PLAN SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

5 5
NOTE: NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
FIST & SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN JF.

A B C D D1 E
1a
D1 E
2 2
3 3
4 4
ROOF FRAMING PLAN STAIRCASE ROOF FRAMING PLAN
NOTE: NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
ROOF & STAIRCASE ROOF FRAMING PLAN JF.

SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE A (ROOF LEV.)
SECTION A1-A1 SECTION A2-A2
TYP. PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE B (ROOF LEV.)
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE A (1ST-2ND)
SECTION A1-A1 SECTION B1-B1
TYP. PB2 / PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE B (1ST-2ND)

SECTION A2-A2 SECTION B2-B2
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
RC BEAM DETAILS JF.

TYP. PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE D1 (1ST - 2ND.)
TYP. PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE D1 (ROOF LEV.)
TYP. PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE C (1ST -ROOF )
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE E (1ST-ROOF)
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
RC BEAM DETAILS JF.

SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2 SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG

TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE D1 & E (UPPER ROOF) GRIDLINE 1 (1ST-ROOF)
SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2 SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B3-B3
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE 1a (1ST-ROOF) TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL BETWEEN
GRIDLINE 3 & 4 (1ST-2ND)
TYP. PB1. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE 2 & 3 (1ST-ROOF)
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
RC BEAM DETAILS JF.

SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2 SECTION B2-B2
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE 4 (1ST-ROOF)
SECTION B1-B1 SECTION B2-B2 SECTION B3-B3
TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG GRIDLINE 5 (1ST-2ND) TYP. PB2. BEAM DETAIL ALONG
GRIDLINE 4 (STAIR BEAM)
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
RC BEAM DETAILS JF.

A B C D D1 E
FULBORA DETAIL
GRID
1 FULBORA OUTLET
WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANE
1a PARAPET WALL
D1 E ROOF SLAB
COLUMN
150 PIPE TO CONC.

BOX DRAIN
ROOF SLAB DRAIN DETAIL

2
A B
3 4
4
5
STAIRCASE ROOF LOWER ROOF

DRAINAGE PLAN DRAINAGE PLAN
ROOF DRAINAGE PLAN
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
ROOF , STAIRCASE ROOF & LOWER ROOF JF.

DRAINAGE PLAN
1 1
1a 1a
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 1ST & 2ND FLOOR REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT ROOF FLOOR REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
1ST, 2ND & ROOF REINFORCEMENT JF.

LAYOUT
FLOOR SLAB SECTION A-A (TYPICAL FOR FIRST & SECOND FLOOR)
FLOOR SLAB SECTION B-B (TYPICAL FOR FIRST & SECOND FLOOR)
FLOOR SLAB SECTION C-C (ROOF LEVEL)
FLOOR SLAB SECTION D-D(ROOF LEVEL)
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
1ST, 2ND & ROOF FLOOR SLAB SECTIONS JF.

A B C D E
A B C D D1 E
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID LINE 1

NOTE:

NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID JF.

LINE 1 & 2
A B C D1 E A B

NOTE:
A B C D1 E

NOTE:

NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK

LINE 3 ,4 & 5
5 4 3 2 1a
5 4 3 2 1a
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID LINE A

NOTE:
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID LINE B

NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK

LINE A & B
4 3 2 1a
4 3 2 1
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID LINE C

NOTE:
STRUCTURAL FRAME ALONG GRID LINE E

NOTE:
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK

LINE C & E
5 4 4 3
EXTERNAL STAIRCASE PLAN

STAIRCASE SECTION C-C
GROUND TO FIRST.
D1 E D1 E D1 E
3 3 3
4 4 4
INTERNAL STAIRCASE PLAN INTERNAL STAIRCASE PLAN INTERNAL STAIRCASE PLAN

GROUND TO FIRST. FIRST TO SECOND. SECOND TO ROOF.
STAIRCASE SECTION C-C
FOR APPROVAL
GROUP WORK
GROUP WORK
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL STAIRCASE JF.

PLAN AND SECTION
BILL OF QUANTITIES CALCULATIONS
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANITY UNIT RATE TOTAL
Preliminaries/general works
Site Location and Description ITEM
The existing site topography is flat
The area of the plot is approimately
Document matrix ITEM
Scope
The include but not limited to clear site of all shrub supply all
welfare facilities, temporary water and power to construct a
new three story reinforce concrete appartment building.
Temporary Site Storage
Provide a secure area to strore materials and minor equipment. SUM $ 100,000.00
Health, Security, Safery and Welfare
Supply and install 2m hight temporary perimeter fencing

constructed with 50 x 100 frame clad with galvanized sheet 147 m $ 360.00 $ 52,920.00
Provide welfare facilities which include but not limited to

rest and launch room, toilets as per OSH Act 2003 potable water
and electrical power. SUM $ 200,000.00
Allow for the maintenance of public areas affected by site

vehicular traffic a maximum of 30m SUM $ 30,000.00
Provision of PPE, signage, barricades, caution, danger tapes,

multi - purpose fire extinguishers for class A, B and C fires and
first aid box. SUM $ 70,000.00
Setting out
Allow for all setting works which included but not limited to
setting out building lines and levels for excavation and backfilling SUM $ 25,000.00
To summary $ 477,920.00
SUBSTRUCTURE
Excavation
Excavate pit for pad footing with depth not exceeding 1m depth
Spoil to be stored on site to be reuse for fill
3
Pad footing 2 m sq x 0.8m depth 24 m $ 80.00 $ 1,920.00
3
Pad footing 1.65 m sq x 0.8m depth 28 m $ 80.00 $ 2,240.00
3
Pad footing 1.22 m sq x 0.8m depth 9 m $ 80.00 $ 720.00
To summary $ 4,880.00
SUBSTRUCTURE
Excavate trench for 0.4m sq x 141.6m long ground beam with depth not
3
exceeding 0.65m, spoil to be stored on site for reuse 31.15 m $ 80.00 $ 2,492.00
2
Level and conpact bottom of pad footing pit 60.16 m $ 30.00 $ 1,804.80
2
Level and conpact bottom of ground beam trench 56.64 m $ 30.00 $ 1,699.20
Apply 50 mm thick plain insitu weak concrete blinding to pad
2
footing and ground beam trench 116.8 m $ 55.00 $ 6,424.00
2
Damp proof membrane - 500g polythene 231 m $ 26.00 $ 6,006.00
2
Termite treatment to compacted surfaces 347 m $ 28.00 $ 9,716.00
Insitu Reinforement Concrete

4000 psi concrete in 28 days cube strength
3
Pad footings 61 m $ 1,600.00 $ 97,600.00
3
Ground beams 31.15 m $ 1,600.00 $ 49,840.00
3
Starter columns 0.35m sq 1.64 m $ 1,600.00 $ 2,624.00
Block works
8" x 8" x 16" concrete block reinforce with 16 mm bar every other core
2
and each filled with 3000 psi concrete 150 m $ 420.00 $ 63,000.00
High yield reinforcement grade 60 hot rolled bars

Pad footing, 20mm dia bar 2647 kg $ 18.00 $ 47,646.00
Ground beam
16 mm dia bar 1477.3 kg $ 18.00 $ 26,591.40
10 mm dia bar 527 kg $ 18.00 $ 9,486.00
Starter column 264 kg $ 18.00 $ 4,752.00
2
Floor slab, # 610 BRC 231 m $ 60.00 $ 13,860.00
Timber formwork
2
Starter columns 19 m $ 210.00 $ 3,990.00
Ground floor slab edge 125 mm width 65 m $ 30.00 $ 1,950.00
Filling
2
Level and compact 50mm sand blinding 231 m $ 80.00 $ 18,480.00
Level and compact 150mm thick granular fill in layers not exceeding
2
150mm thick 231 m $ 80.00 $ 18,480.00
Back filling
3
Fill the sides of excavated trenches and pits with store excavated materials 29 m $ 80.00 $ 2,320.00
Disposal
3
Cart a way unwanted spoils to off site disposal area 100 m $ 90.00 $ 9,000.00
To summary $ 397,761.40
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Insitu Reinforement Concrete

4000 psi concrete in 28 days cube strength
3
Column 0.35 sq 24.124 m $ 1,600.00 $ 38,598.40
3
Suspended beam 29.25 m $ 1,600.00 $ 46,800.00
3
Floor slab 140mm thick 76 m $ 1,600.00 $ 121,600.00
3
Roof slab 125mm thick 35.5 m $ 1,600.00 $ 56,800.00
3
Suspended beam roof 16.1 m $ 1,600.00 $ 25,760.00
3
Stairs 7.774 m $ 1,600.00 $ 12,438.40
3
Lintels 2 m $ 1,600.00 $ 3,200.00
High yield reinforcement grade 60 hot rolled bars

Columns
035m sq column reinforce with 25mm dia bars 838.05 kg $ 18.00 $ 15,084.90
10 mm dia bars ties 94.4 kg $ 18.00 $ 1,699.20
035m sq column reinforce with 20mm dia bars 866.2 kg $ 18.00 $ 15,591.60
10 mm dia bars ties 178 kg $ 18.00 $ 3,204.00
035m sq column reinforce with 12mm dia bars 234 kg $ 18.00 $ 4,212.00
10 mm dia bars ties 134 kg $ 18.00 $ 2,412.00
Suspended beams floors reinforce with 20 mm dia bars 5698.5 kg $ 18.00 $ 102,573.00
10 mm dia ties 1082 kg $ 18.00 $ 19,476.00
Suspended beams roof reinforce with 20 mm dia bars 2578 kg $ 18.00 $ 46,404.00
10 mm dia ties 458 kg $ 18.00 $ 8,244.00
First and second floor slabs reinforce with 12 mm dia bars 2906.27 kg $ 18.00 $ 52,312.86
Roof slabs reinforce with 12 mm dia bars 1541 kg $ 18.00 $ 27,738.00
Staircase
10 mm dia bars 63 kg $ 18.00 $ 1,134.00
12 mm dia bars 105 kg $ 18.00 $ 1,890.00
20 mm dia bars 151 kg $ 18.00 $ 2,718.00
Lintels
10 mm dia bars 20 kg $ 18.00 $ 360.00
12 mm dia bars 50 kg $ 18.00 $ 900.00
Timber formwork
2
Columns 0.35 m sq 201 m $ 210.00 $ 42,210.00
2
Suspended beams 0.4msq x 0.35m 880 m $ 210.00 $ 184,800.00
Floor slab edge 125 mm width 114 m $ 30.00 $ 3,420.00
2
Slab soffit 756 m $ 210.00 $ 158,760.00
Stairs
Risers 96 m $ 30.00 $ 2,880.00
2
Soffit 29 m $ 210.00 $ 6,090.00
Waist 47 m $ 30.00 $ 1,410.00
2
Lintels 18 m $ 210.00 $ 3,780.00
To summary $ 1,014,500.36
Block work
2
External walls 6 x 8 x 16 Concrete block with every other core fill with 527 m $ 320.00 $ 168,640.00
concrete laid on plasticized cement 1:3 mix
2
Internal walls 6 x 8 x 16 Concrete block laid on plasticized cement 613 m $ 320.00 $ 196,160.00
morter 1:3 mix
2
Parapet walls 4 x 8 x 12 concrete block 98 m $ 275.00 $ 26,950.00
Windows/ Doors
Include a provisional sum for the supply and installation of all
doors, windows, frames, locks and handles P.S $ 297,000.00
Metal works
Include a provisional sum for the supply of sraircase handrails,
security gates and doors P.S $ 100,000.00
Include a provisional sum for the supply and installation timber cabinets P.S $ 144,000.00
MEP Works
Electrical
To supply all materials, labour to power building the sum must include all
inspection fees for final approval and connect to T& TECH supply. P.S $ 1,650,000.00
Plumbing
To supply all materials, labour for potable water and waste water systems
the sum must include all fixtures, fitting as per MEP drawing, specification
and final inspection and connect to WASA mains P.S $ 1,188,000.00
HVAC
To supply all equipments, ducting and lobour for installation of AC
units as per MEP drawing and specifications. P.S $ 194,000.00
Finishes
Floors
2
25 mm thick self leveling floor screed 681 m $ 80.00 $ 54,480.00
Ceramic tiles on 600mm x 600mm x 6mm thick laid in matching grout flush
2
pointed on cementitious tin set. 681 m $ 350.00 $ 238,350.00
Walls
2
Render cement and sand 1:3 mix finish on all external and internal walls 1238 m $ 65.00 $ 80,470.00
Painting
2
Apply two of primer and two paint weather guard paint for external wall 723 m $ 150.00 $ 108,450.00
2
Apply two of primer and two paint emotion paint for internal wall 1949 m $ 130.00 $ 253,370.00
2
Ceramic tiles on 200mm x 200mm x 6mm thick laid in matching grout flush 20 m $ 200.00 $ 4,000.00
pointed on cementitious tin set.
Ceiling
2
Suspended metal laths and gypsum ceiling 681 m $ 350.00 $ 238,350.00
2
Apply two paint emotion paint to gypsum ceiling 681 m $ 130.00 $ 88,530.00
To summary $ 5,030,750.00
ITEM BILL No B/F
PRELIMINARIES $ 477,920.00
SUBSTRUCTURE $ 402,641.40
SUPERSTRUCTURE $ 6,045,250.36
SUBTOTAL $ 6,925,811.76
INSURANCE AND BONDS 0%
CONTINGENY 0%
SUSTOTAL $ 6,925,811.76
VAT 12.50%
TOTAL $ 7,791,538.23
PREFEASIBILTY PACKAGE
Table of Contents
PREFEASIBILTY PACKAGE ........................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 2
2.0 OBJECTIVE OF PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY ............................................................................................. 2
3.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.0 CONSTRAINTS.................................................................................................................................... 3
5.0 MEASURES FOR EACH CONSTRAINT ................................................................................................. 5
5.1 Technical Mitigation Measures: -.................................................................................................. 5
5.2 Environmental Mitigation Measures: - ......................................................................................... 6
5.3 Environmental Assessment Matrix ............................................................................................... 6
5.4 Economical Mitigation Measures: - .............................................................................................. 7
5.5 Social Mitigation Measures........................................................................................................... 8
5.6 Social Impact Assessment Matrix ................................................................................................. 9
6.0 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 9
7.0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1|Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The infrastructure being constructed is a multi-storey concrete apartment complex

which is solely situated at Aranguez. A feasibility study is done to assess the
infrastructure to ensure that the building would be beneficial to society as well as the
environment and can generate a large revenue after a period. The feasibility studies
which are carried out in this project are Economical, Environmental, Social and
Technical.
2.0 OBJECTIVE OF PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY
The objective of a pre-feasibility study is to understand each phase of the construction

process and be aware of the problems which arises to ensure the project is viable to
undertake.
3.0 SCOPE
The topics which are to be discussed with respect to the project feasibility include the
following:
 Economic Feasibility allows the evaluation of the monetary resources to ensure

that the client doesn’t become bankrupt as well as to have an idea about the
profit which can be generated from the building .This ensures that the project
would be viable financially.
 Social feasibility involves the assessment of the infrastructure to ensure that the
complex would create a positive impact to society.
 Technical feasibility allows evaluation of the infrastructure which is dependent
on the area of use, transportation of equipment and material, design of the
building and handling of materials as well as the operation and scheduling of
each phase of the construction process.
 Environmental Feasibility is the assessment of the project ensuring that it
doesn’t harm the environment such as destruction to flora and fauna, air
pollution and noise as well as proper soil capacity which enables construction.
2|Page
4.0 CONSTRAINTS
a. Technical Feasibility
The following problems would hinder the feasibility of the project:
 Area that is suitable for the storage of equipment and materials
 During the construction, Equipment or heavy machinery
as well as materials such as beams would be required to
place at an area near the site.
 Changes in design of superstructure
 Although the design has been made before construction,
the client may have another opinion of the design or the
design was not logical and therefore changes would be
required.
 Transportation of large equipment and materials
 Equipment and materials should be transported
efficiently throughout the construction to allow the work
to be conducted easily.
 Manual and Material Handling
 Materials will fall when it is being carried from one story
to the next.
 Inaccurate estimation of time
 The project may not be scheduled as plan as delay would
occur as well as some tasks would take a longer time to
be completed.
 Availability of building materials and equipment
 Materials or equipment may not be delivered on time or
there is a shortage of materials.
 Damage of materials and equipment
 Equipment as well as materials may be damage due to
collision or falling objects.
b. Economic Feasibility
The following reasons would hinder the feasibility of the project:
3|Page
 Bankruptcy
 The funds for the site may have been emptied before the project
has been completed.
 Insurance risks
 There is no Coverage of workers in case of accidents and
property damage.
 Liquation of costs
 Delay in payments and increase in cash flow can cause liquation
to occur.
 Misuse of funds
 More money would be spent on another task that has originally
been planned.
 Financial loss
 A profit may not be generated by the building during operation
and a financial loss may occur.
c. Social Feasibility
The following are social concerns which would affect the feasibility of the
project:
 Culture
 The culture of the persons living in the community would differ.
 Economic value of Community
 Economic value of businesses in the surrounding area
 Hazards
 Hazards occurring around the construction site where
pedestrians have accessibility such as sidewalks.
d. Environmental Feasibility
The following are factors which hinders the environmental feasibility of the project.
 Air Pollution
 Dust would be present during construction
4|Page
 Noise
 Noise from the equipment being used as well as constructing the
superstructure.
 Soil
 Proper soil type to ensure unsettlement doesn’t occur due to the
weight of the building.
5.0 MEASURES FOR EACH CONSTRAINT

The following are measures taken for each constraint to ensure that the project is feasible
to be completed:
5.1 Technical Mitigation Measures: -

Materials required for construction include steel, concrete, glass, aluminium etc. These
materials would be necessary for fire resistance and earthquakes. The area where the
construction of the building occurs, should be large and spacious enough for both construction
and storage of equipment and materials. A design of the building should be done before
construction begins to determine the amount of materials that would be required. During
construction, minimal changes should be allowed to structure and shown to both the client and
contractor to avoid conflict as well as an increased cost to the construction of the building.
Transportation of large equipment and materials to site would be vital to ensure that each phase
of the project is completed on time. Pathways should be cleared, and materials and equipment
should be secured properly during transportation. When materials are being transferred from
one storey to the next, they should be secured properly, and its surrounding areas should be
cleared from personnel as well as any obstacles. During the construction process, there would
be a shortage of labour occurring therefore job satisfaction is necessary to ensure there is a
strong workforce for the project. Each employee would be given the same workload to ensure
that they are not overworked.
The project should be completed on time; therefore, a schedule should be developed to ensure
that no delays occur. Availability of building materials and equipment is necessary therefore
backup equipment are required as well as an estimation of the amount of material is done for
each task. To avoid damage of equipment there should be enough space between each working
equipment as well as storage of materials.
5|Page
5.2 Environmental Mitigation Measures: -
The environment plays a major role in the feasibility of this building. The main problems which
hinders the construction through environmental concerns are noise and air pollution and
disasters and the soil type. The building is situated in Aranguez where flora and fauna is least
present therefore ecosystems would not be damaged. Air pollution is a major concern as dust
would arise during the construction phase but would decrease when the construction is
completed. To prevent surrounding areas and the construction site from being affected by the
dust, the following should be done: Fine water sprays should be used to dampen the dust and
Mesh Screening is used around surrounding areas where a high concentration of dust is present.
Noise will occur at the construction site and therefore would be a disturbance to the surrounding
environment. To reduce the noise, the use of vibrating machinery is reduced as well as
operation of vehicles are done during daytime instead of night. Soil capacity is required for the
project to be feasible to ensure that unsettlement doesn’t occur. The building is being
constructed on soil which consist of silty clay alluvium therefore the soil would be suitable for
the weight of the infrastructure thus preventing unsettlement.
An environmental assessment is done for each factor which may hinder the feasibility. This
assessment would educate the contractor in knowing if the project would be feasible in terms
of environment. According to the environmental matrix conducted, the project would be
feasible to conduct as the effects wouldn’t be everlasting as well as there wouldn’t be any
danger to the environment.
KEY
LOW IMPACT
MEDIUM IMPACT
HIGH IMPACT
5.3 Environmental Assessment Matrix

IMPACTS STAGES OF PROJECT
Foundation Superstructure Operation Maintenance
Soil
Physi
Envir
onme
cal
Air Quality
6|Page
Noise
Water
Flora
Biological Fauna
5.4 Economical Mitigation Measures: -
Financial feasibility assesses how much money is required for the operation of the project as
well as the revenue which can be generated after construction has been completed. The main
purpose of the structure is for rental therefore revenue would be generated for each fiscal year.
According to the bill of quantities in the project report, the completion of infrastructure would
have a cost estimate of $7,791,538.23 million dollars. In ensuring this project is feasible,
investors would be introduced to ensure there is enough money to carry out the construction
efficiently in each project as well as to avoid bankruptcy as it’s a large sum of money. The
misuse of funds is avoided by a report being done for the use of funds for each task as well as
a cost estimation.
To ensure that this project would be viable analysis is done to determine the revenue generated
when the building is in operation compared to the cost of the building during construction. This
analysis would educate the client on the feasibility of the project.
Estimated cost of the total building = $ 7,791,538.23
Yearly revenue generated = $432,000.00
Revenue generated after 5 years = $2,160,000.00
After 10 years the revenue generated = $4,320,000
After 15 years the revenue generated = $6,480,000
After 20 years the revenue generated = $8,640,000.00
7|Page
Profit generated = $ 848,461.77
The graph below shows the revenue generated
REVENUE GENERATED
8640000
6480000
4320000
2160000
432000
36000
MONTHLY YEARLY AFTER 5 AFTER 10 AFTER 15 AFTER 20

REVENUE REVENUE YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS
GENERATED
From the analysis done above, the money in which was invested would return and a profit
would be generated with cost of maintenance not creating a loss to the project. As a profit was
made, the project would be feasible to proceed.
To avoid bankruptcy occurring, it is ensured that funds are used efficiently, and a cost
performance index is done to ensure excessive funds are used for a task. Insurance are given to
employees in case of any accidents to ensure they are fully compensated. Liquation of costs
can be avoided therefore funds should be readily available in case of a debt and a solicitor
should be hired.
5.5 Social Mitigation Measures

A social impact assessment would be carried out to determine the various hazard present during
and after construction, cultural impact the complex would have on the environment. The culture
of the area wouldn’t be affected as there would be no disturbance to the families as well as the
community spiritual and cultural identities . The surrounding business as well as transportation
facilities would benefit greatly from this as persons who would be living or constructing this
complex would partake in the services provided by such businesses.
The area surrounding the construction complex would be barred off to avoid damage to
pedestrians walking along the road where the complex is being built. Vehicular traffic would
8|Page
be avoided as transportation of materials would be re-routed on days where heavy vehicular
traffic are present.
5.6 Social Impact Assessment Matrix

IMPACT
ACCEPTABLE TOLARABLE UNACCEPTABLE
(1) (2) (3)
Low Culture 1
LIKELIHOOD
Medium Hazards 1
High Economic 1
Value
According to the assessment done the project would be feasible as the social aspect of the
construction of the building wouldn’t be affected as the building would be beneficial to the
community.
6.0 CONCLUSION
From this report, it can be concluded that the project would be feasible to construct as the
problems that arises during the construction process can be fixed. This would ensure that the
project would be completed on time without having a vast impact to the client, contractor,
environment and the community.
7.0 REFERENCES
 Collier.(2020,June 19).Ten construction Hazards. The hub speed
training. Retrieved December 04,2020 from
https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/common-construction-
hazards/.
9|Page
 Datta, S. (2016, December 02). Construction Projects Feasibility
studies. Retrieved December 04, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/SUBHENDUDATTA1/construction-
projects-feasibility-studies
 (2020,Juky 24)Migo.Retrived December 04,2020 from
https://www.migo-corp.com/en/project-consultancy-en/
10 | P a g e

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INTEGRATED DESIGN II

 Technical: approved engineering design to identify materials, procedures and project

3.3 PROJECT DELIVERABLES

3.4 SCOPE OF WORKS

 General engineering design

4.1 CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINATION SITE LOCATION

Area: Aranguez, San Juan–Laventille Regional

Coordinates: Latitude – Longgitude: (10.638435, -61.442885)

4.4.1 SITE CONDITIONS SUMMARY

 Area: Aranguez, San Juan–Laventille Regional

 Land slide –low risk

 Soil type - Lithology -Silty Clay Alluvium

4.5.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE

ADVANTAGES 1 A steel structure is lightweight The ingredients used to make the

 Maintenance and Durability

As previously mentioned, Maintenance of a concrete structure is cheaper than a steel

 Availability of Materials and Labour

ASCE TABLE DEAD LOADS (1ST & 2ND FLOOR)

ASCE TABLE DEAD LOADS (ROOF LEVEL)

ASCE TABLE LIVE LOADS (ROOF LEVEL)

Live loads roof from ASCE table 4-1 loads

for Buildings and other Structures.

LIST OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE REQUIRED IN THE DESIGN OF THE

4.7.3 TOP DOWN DESIGN METHOD

1. Slab design: weight of slab transfer to beams beams

4.9 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

4.9.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

4.9.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN

1. The load capacity of the soil is not exceeded.

2. Excessive settlement, differential settlement, or rotations are avoided.

3. Adequate safety against sliding and/or overturning is maintained.

4. Bending moment and steel reinforcement required.

5. Bearing capacity of columns at their base and dowel requirements.

6. Development length of bars.

5.1 Hand Calculation

5.1.1 The Moment Distribution Method

Picture 1 3D isometric view of structure

Picture 3 showing south elevation of structural frame.

Picture 5 showing west elevation of structural frame.

Beam # =228. Section size 400 x 350 PB1 (Deflection Diagram)

Beam # =285. Section size 400 x 350 PB2 (Deflection Diagram)

3D view of critical column elements that were designed

Beam # =53. Section size 350 x 350 C1 (Axial Force Diagram)

Beam # =65. Section size 350 x 350 C2 (Axial Force Diagram)

Beam # =67. Section size 350 x 350 C3 (Axial Force Diagram)

Reference calculations Output

TABLE C3.1 Roof finished

Slab self weight

Total dead load 110 psf

TABLE 4.1 Live loads

ACI 318-8 9.2.1 1.2 D + 1.6L qu = 0.292 KSF

Reference calculations Output

Slab section under considertion

the span transver direction to l1 l2 12.63 ft

Width of exterior strip l 6.90 ft

αf1 , Elb/ELs = 3.16

Width of interior strip l1 16.57 ft

αf2 Elb/ELs = 1.41067

Width of interior strip 16.57 ft