Computer and Computer

Programming
Oct, 2021
Computer
 refers to an object that can accept some
input and produce some output.

Computer is an electronic device, operating under the

control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept data (input), process
What? the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the
information for future use
 The computer was invented in order to
automate mathematical calculations that
were previously completed by people.
Charles Babbage is considered to be the
“father” of the computer. Babbage was a
mathematician, philosopher, inventor and
When? How? Why? mechanical engineer who saw a need for
an automated system that would negate
human error in computation.
 In the 1800’s, printed mathematical tables or
logs, which were essentially very long lists of
numbers showing the results of a calculation,
were completed by the humans.

It was likely one of the most painful, least

glamorous jobs of the 19th century. People sat,
hour after hour, performing calculations by
hand and recording them in books.
When? How? Why?
But these calculations were vitally important.
Understanding them and the data retrieved
from their outcomes was central to navigation,
science, engineering, and mathematics.
 Babbage’s “aha moment” happened when
he came to understand that the work of
what he called “unskilled computers,” aka
people, could be taken over completely by
machinery which would not only increase
reliability and eliminate human error, it
would also speed up the process and
increase efficiency.
So, with his ideas in hand, and presumably
When? How? Why? after quite a lot of trial and error
throughout the process, in 1822 Babbage
went on to follow through with his
outrageous notion of automating these
computations and created what he called
the “difference engine”
 The Punched Card Pattern and the
Jacquard Loom
Another invention of the 19th century,
which wove patterns in fabric using similar
punched cards.
The reason Jacquard’s loom was so
innovative in its use of punched cards was
because it allowed for a machine that
When? How? Why? could do multiple things, simply by
changing the patterns on the cards. Prior
to this, machines could only accomplish a
singular task.
 ENIAC - Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
The first programmable
general-purpose electronic digital
computer, built during World War II by
the United States American by
physicist John Mauchly, American
engineer J. Presper Eckert, Jr., and their
When? How? Why? colleagues.
it fills a 20-foot by 40-foot room and
has 18,000 vacuum tubes.
 ● Hardware
○ any physical device or equipment
used in or with a computer system
(anything we can see and touch)
● Software
○ a set of instructions or programs
Parts of Computer System that tells a computer what to do or
how to perform a specific task
(computer software runs on
hardware).
 ● External Hardware
○ device that is located outside the
computer.
■ Input devices - used to enter
information to a computer for
processing
■ Output devices - receives
Hardware information from a computer
● Internal Hardware
○ device that is located inside the
computer
Hardwares
External Input Devices External Output Devices Internal Devices

● Keyboard ● Monitor ● CPU

● Mouse ● Printer ● hard disk drive
● Trackpad (or ● Scanner ● ROM
Touchpad) ● Speaker ● RAM
● Touchscreen ● Projector
● Joystick ● Display screens
● Microphone ○ Tablet
● Light pen ○ Smartphone
● Webcam
● speech input ...
 ● Application Software
○ a computer program that provides
users with tools to accomplish a
specific task
● System Software
○ it is designed to run a computer’s
hardware and application software,
and make the computer system
Software available for use. It serves as the
interface between hardware,
application software, and the user.
Softwares
Application Softwares System Softwares

● Word processing ● Microsoft Windows

● Spreadsheets ● Apple iOS
● Presentation ● Android OS
● Internet browsers ● MacOS
● Email programs ● Linux
● Media players ● Antivirus software
● Games... ● Backup software
● Printer driver
● USB driver...
Computer Programming
 is the process of designing and
building an executable computer
program to accomplish a specific
computing result or to perform a
specific task.
Computer programming languages
What? allow us to tell machines what to do.
Machines and humans “think” very
differently, so programming
languages are necessary to bridge
that gap.
 The first computer program is
generally dated to 1843, when
mathematician Ada Lovelace
published an algorithm to calculate
a sequence of steps (Bernoulli
History numbers), intended to be carried out
by Charles Babbage's Analytical
Engine.
 Programming language

Algorithm

Loop

Variable

Function

Syntax

Code

Terminologies Comment

Compile
 Bug

Debug

Loop

Data Types

IDE

GUI

Indentation

Terminologies Pseudo Code

Flow chart

Check out the terminologies.pdf file