TANK MANUAL

Training Course for

TANK Software (Based on API 650, 11th Ed., Add.1)

By: M.ASGARZADEGAN

Rev.1: AUG. 2009

Page 1 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر‬

‫ﺟﺰوه ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮔﺰﻳﺪه اي از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ API-650 11th Ed.‬ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه آﻣﻮزش ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ‪ TANK v3.1‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮارد ﻛﻠﻴﺪي و ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮح ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ از ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ دوﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﺤﻪ ﮔﺬاري اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎري ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬از ﺷﻤﺎ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﮔﺮاﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ درﺧﻮاﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺧﻮد ﻣﺎ را در ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ آن ﻳﺎري ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ آرزوي ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ روزاﻓﺰون ﺷﻤﺎ‬

‫‪m.asgarzadegan@gmail.com‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺴﮕﺮزادﮔﺎن‬

‫)‪Page 2 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫‪-2‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪API-650‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﺎر‬ ‫‪1-3‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫‪2-3‬‬

‫ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬ ‫‪4-3‬‬

‫ورق ﻛﻒ‬ ‫‪5-3‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﺷﻞ‬ ‫‪6-3‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪7-3‬‬

‫ورق و اﺳﺘﺮاﻛﭽﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫‪8-3‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪9-3‬‬

‫‪ 10-3‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد و زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

‫‪ 11-3‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪Anchor Bolt‬‬

‫‪ 12-3‬ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ‪Tank‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬

‫ﺟﺪاول و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪-5‬‬

‫واژه ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪-6‬‬

‫)‪Page 3 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اول – ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬

1. API-650, 11th Edition, Add.1

2. Guide to Storage Tanks and Equipment
By : Bob Garner & Bob Long
3. Aboveground Storage Tanks
By : Philip E.Myers
4. Tank Manual
By : Chevron Research & Technology Co. Richmond
5. Roark’s Formulas for Stress & Strain
By: C. Young & G. Budynas
6. Handbook of Storage Tank Systems
By: B. Geyer
7. The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook
By: D. Digrado & A. Thorp
8. Design of Welded Structures
By: W. Blodgett
9. BS-2654
10. ASTM
11. NFPA
12. ARTICLES

Page 4 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوم – آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬

ASME Sec. VIII Div.I: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Internal Design Pressure ≤ 3000 psi

.‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‬Section VIII ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬12 ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ASME BOILER & P.V. CODE
:‫ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬ASME Sec. VIII Div.I ‫زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬

Subsection A :
UG (General Requirements)

Subsection B :
Methods of Fabrication
3 UW : Welded
3 UF : Forged
3 UB : Brazed

Subsection C :
Classes of Materials
3 UCS : Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
3 UHA : High Alloy Steel
3 ULT : Materials with Higher Allowable Stresses at Low Temperature
3 UCI : Cast Iron
3 UHX : Rules for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
3 …

Mandatory Appendices: 1, 2, 3, …
(i.e. App.9: Jacketed Vessels, App. 12: UT of Welds, App.26: Expansion Joints, …)

Non-Mandatory Appendices (Good Practice): A, C, D, …

(i.e. App.E: Corrosion Allowance , App.F: Linings , App.EE: Half-Pipe Jackets… )

API-660 ‫ و‬TEMA ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬Shell & Tube ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬،‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺪ‬ -
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
API-662 ‫ و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬API-661 ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻳﺮﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬-
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬AD-Merkblatter ‫ و‬BS-PD:5500 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬-

Page 5 of 100 (Rev.1)

API-620: Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
American Petroleum Institute

Internal Design Pressure ≤ 15 psig

Design Temperature ≤ 250 °F

1) Basic Rules: Lowest Recorded 1-Day Mean Atm. Temp. = -50 °F

2) Stainless Steel (App.S): without limit on Low Temperatures
3) Refrigerated Tanks (App. R, Q):

1. Single Wall Insulated

2. Double Wall (Insulation Between Walls)

App. R: Low Pressure Storage Tanks for Refrigerated Products

40 °F ≥ Design Metal Temperature ≥ -60 °F *

App. Q: Low Pressure Storage Tanks for Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases

Liquefied Ethane, Methane & Ethylene ‫* ﺟﻬﺖ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت‬

Design Metal Temperature ≥ -270 °F *

API-620 ‫ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬NIOEC-SP-41-06 ‫ و‬IPS-E,M,C-ME-110 ،prEN-14620 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬ -

.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

BS-7777 : Flat-Bottomed, Ver., Cyl. Storage Tanks for Low Temp. Service
British Standard

.‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪوده دﻣﺎﺋﻲ و ﻓﺸﺎري زﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬Cryogenic ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
Seite 1

Internal Design Pressure ≤ 140 mbar

Liquefied gases with evaporating temperatures*
External Design Pressure ≤ 6 mbar
Operating Temperature ≥ -270 °F

I-Butane
i-Butane -11 °C
Vinyl chloride -13 °C
Ammonia -33 °C
Chlorine -34 °C
Propane -42 °C
Propylene -47 °C
LPG -11 to -47 °C
Ethane -88 °C
Ethylene -103 °C
Methane -163 °C
* at ambient pressure

Page 6 of 100 (Rev.1)

.‫* ﮔﺎز ﻣﺎﻳﻊ در دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ و ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺟﺰﺋي در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

Single containm ent Double containm ent Full containm ent

Suspen ded deck insulation

Suspended deck insu lation Suspen ded deck insulation

Shell insulation Shell in su lat io n Shell in sulat io n

Tan k sh ell Tan k sh ell

Tan k sh ell
(only) Cup shell Cup shell

Fou nd ation Found ation Fou nd ation

Botto m insulation Botto m insulation Botto m insulation

Single containment

Suspended deck insula tion

A single containment is a single

wall tank and has to be
Shell insulat ion
surrounded by a low bund
wall (retaining wall) to contain
any liquid leakage
PUR

Reta ining w all

Bottom insula tion

Page 7 of 100 (Rev.1)

Giese

Double containment

The inner cup and the outer tank have

been designed to store the cold liquid.
Shell insulation
In the event of failure of the inner cup,
the liquid will be kept in the outer tank.
Inner cup
- 104 °C Outer tank
LT- steel The outer tank will also accommodate
LT- steel
the insulation. In the case of leakage
the outer tank could not keep the gas
product when being heated by the
contact with the outer tank.

Bottom insulation

Stored liquid: Ethylene at -104 °C

Full containment

Suspended deck insulation

With regard to the cup in tank

system a non-polluting storage
Shell insulation
tank with insulated collecting
Tank shell space has been developed.
LT-Steel
ln the event of failure of the inner
Cup shell cup, the outer tank can
LT-Steel accommodate the product so that
no liquid or gaseous product
comes into contact with the
atmosphere.

Stored liquid: Toxic liquids like ammonia at -33 °C

Page 8 of 100 (Rev.1)

BS EN 12285 : Workshop Fabricated Steel tanks - Hor. Cyl. Single & Double
Steel Tanks for the Underground & Aboveground Storage of
Flammable & Non-Flammable Water Polluting Liquids

‫ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳـﻞ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬BS 2594:1975 ‫* اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫اوﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ )ﻣﺪﻓﻮن ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺋي( و دوﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن روزﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد‬

1) Nominal Diameter: 800 mm up to 3000 mm

2) Max. Overall Length: up to 6 x Nom. Dia.
3) Max. Liquid Density: 1.9 kg/l
4) Max. Operating Pressure: 1.5 bara.
5) -20˚C ≤ Normal Operating Temp. ≤ +50˚C

AWWA-D100 : Welded Steel Tanks for Water Storage

American Water Works Association

:‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن آب در اﺷﻜﺎل زﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.
a. Ground Supported, Flat Bottom Tanks
o Reservoir ID ≥ Height
o Standpipe ID < Height

b. Elevated Tanks (Supported on a Tower)

:‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬

4.9 D × h p × G
t= + C. A. (mm)
sE

Page 9 of 100 (Rev.1)

s (Mpa) = Allowable Design Stress
hp (m) = The height of liquid to the bottom of the shell course being designed.
D (m) = Nominal Diameter
E = Joint Efficiency
G = Product Specific Gravity
:‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬

:‫* اﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع آب ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ اﺷﻜﺎل زﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Potable Water: With Roof
Non-Potable Water: may be without Roof

API-650 ‫ )از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در‬.‫* ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ اي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﻘﻒ ﮔﻨﺒﺪي آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد وﺟﻮد دارد‬
(ASME B96.1 ‫ و‬App.G

API-653 : Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration & Reconstruction

.‫ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬API-650 ‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﺨﺎزن‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬

2.6 DG ( H − 1)
t= + C. A. (in.) :‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ‬ (1
SE

2.6 DHG
t= + C. A. (in.) :‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ‬ (2
SE

s (psi) = Max. Allow. Stress (see table 4-1): = Min.(0.8Y,0.429T) for Lower 2 Courses
Min.(0.88Y,0.472T) for Upper Courses

Page 10 of 100 (Rev.1)

Y (psi) = Min. Yield Strength of the Plate
T (psi) = Min.(Min. Tensile Strength of the Pl.,
80ksi)

API-2000 : Venting Atm. & Low Pressure Storage Tanks

‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺑـﺮ‬Normal & Emergency Vapor Venting ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﻮرد‬
:(Hexan ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ روي ﺳﻴﺎل‬
Aboveground liquid petroleum tanks -
Aboveground & Underground Refrigerated tanks -
Operating pressure from Vacuum through 15 psig. -
nor for Ext. Floating Roof neither for free-vented Int. Floating Roof -

Page 11 of 100 (Rev.1)

1) Normal Venting
The venting required because of operational requirements or atmospheric changes.

Page 12 of 100 (Rev.1)

2) Emergency Venting:
Relieve excessive pressure caused by exposure to fire. It can be met by using blow-off
manholes, rupture disks or a roof to shell connection which will fail before the bottom to shell
joint fails (Frangible Roof).

Page 13 of 100 (Rev.1)

prEN-14015
European Standard

Part 1: Steel Tanks (with the following requirements)

Part 2: Aluminum Tanks

‫* اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي در دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ از دﻣـﺎي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ )ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس‬
:‫( ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ذﻳﻞ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬API-650 ‫ و‬BS-2654
1) Design Pressure ≤ 0.5 barg
2) -20°C ≤ Design Internal Negative Pressure
3) -40°C ≤ Design Metal Temperature ≤ 300°C
4) Max, Design Liquid Level = Top of Shell
5) Max Design Stress of steel = 260 MPa
6) For 100°C ≤ Design Metal Temp., the reduction factors for Allow. Stresses to be applied.

:‫* ﻧﻜﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

a. Impact Test is not required for Bottom Plates.

b. Impact Test is not required for Annular Bottom Plates, if impact test is not required for 1st
shell course.
c. Impact Test is not required for shell plates considering the limits of Table 6.1.6.
d. Roof plates do not normally require impact testing, but may be required for very high
pressure tanks where thk. > 6mm. (Figure 6.1.1)
e. Weld Metals shall be impact tested when the materials they are joining are required to be
impact tested at temp. ≤ 0˚C.

Page 14 of 100 (Rev.1)

Page 15 of 100 (Rev.1)
DIN-4119 :Deutsches Institut Fuer Normung
German Institute of Standardization

‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه‬

BS-2654 : Vertical Steel Welded Non-Refrigerated Storage Tanks

Design Pressure ≤ 56 mbar

Design Metal Temperature ≥ -10 °C

1. Non-Pressure Tanks:

- Internal Design Pressure: 7.5 mbar (4 mbar for column-supported roofs)

- Vacuum Design Pressure: 2.5 mbar

2. Low Pressure Tanks:

- Internal Design Pressure: 20 mbar

- Vacuum Design Pressure: 6 mbar÷

3. High Pressure Tanks:

- Internal Design Pressure: 56 mbar

- Vacuum Design Pressure: 6 mbar

Page 16 of 100 (Rev.1)

 API-650 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم – اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

‫ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﺎر‬1-3

‫ ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﻮرد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺮورﻳﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ‬-
(1.1.1 & 1.1.2).‫ﻧﻜﺎت و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

a. Vertical, Cylindrical, Aboveground, Open/Closed Top, Welded, Steel

b. Entire Bottom: Uniformly Supported
c. Non-Refrigerated Services (for refrigerated services: API-620, App. R,Q)
d. Max. Design Temperature: 260 ºC (500 ºF)
e. Max. Internal Design Pressure: 2.5 psig. (17.2 kPa gauge)
f. Max. External Design Pressure: 1 psig. (6.9 kPa gauge)
g. Storage of Petroleum, Petroleum Products & other Liquid Products
h. This standard does not present a fixed series of allowable tank sizes.

(1.1.2).‫ ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ " ● " ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ دارﻧﺪ‬-

.‫ از ﻓﻠﻮﭼﺎرت زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬API-650 App.F ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬: F.1.6

Page 17 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Does tank have internal
pressure? (1.1.1. 1.i .8. F. l .l . No
Basic Design
F.l.2, F.l.3 and F.7.1)

Does internal pressure No

exceed weight 01 rool plates? Basic Design
(1.1. 1 )

Does internal pressure

exceed the weight 01 the
shell . roof and attached
framing?
No
Basic Design plus Appendix F.l through F.6.
(F. l .2) Anchors lor pressure not required.
Do not exceed P...,.
limit rool/shell compression area per F.5.

Provide anchors and

conlorm to F.7.

Does internal pressure

exceed No API 650 wilh Appendix F or
18 kPa (2.5 PSIG)? API 620 shall be used.
(F.l .3 and F.7.1)

Use API 620

Source : Figure F-1-Appendix F Decision Tree

Page 18 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 2-3‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫‪Oppttiioonnaall D‬‬
‫‪AApppp.. AA:: O‬‬ ‫‪maalll TTaannkkss‬‬
‫‪Deessiiggnn BBaassiiss ffoorr SSm‬‬

‫روش ﺳﺎده ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﻛﻢ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ در آﻧﻬﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ورق ﺷﻞ ‪ ،‬ورق ﻛﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻞ ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﻴـﺰ ورﻗﻬـﺎي ﺗﻘـﻮﻳﺘﻲ( ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪) 12.5 mm‬ﺑـﺎ اﺣﺘـﺴﺎب ‪ (C.A.‬ﻣﺤـﺪود ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪(API-650, A.1.1).‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻼوه اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ DMT = -30˚C‬ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )اﮔﺮ از ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ‪ Killed & FGP‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ -40˚C‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ()‪(A.1.2‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮ روي درز ﺟﻮش ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪4.9 D × ( H − 0.3) × G‬‬

‫= ‪tmin‬‬ ‫‪+ C. A.‬‬
‫‪E × 145‬‬

‫)‪G = Max. (1, Liquid S.G.‬‬

‫)‪E = 0.85 (A.5.3) or 0.7 (No Radiography‬‬

‫)‪Page 19 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫* در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻴﺎل دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪ ،(Max. Design Temp. > 93˚C‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ‪App. M‬‬
‫در ﻋﺪد ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 145 MPa‬ﺿﺮب ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫* در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ از ‪ Basic Design‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪AApppp.. BB:: R‬‬ ‫‪mm‬‬

‫‪Reeccoom‬‬ ‫‪Deessiiggnn aanndd C‬‬
‫‪meennddaattiioonn ffoorr D‬‬ ‫‪Coonnssttrruuccttiioonn ooff FFoouunnddaattiioonnss‬‬

‫* ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﻧﮕﺎه داﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 0.3‬ﻣﺘﺮ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(API-650, B.3.1).‬‬

‫)‪Page 20 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 C:: EExxtteerrnnaall FFllooaattiinngg R
AApppp.. C Rooooff TTaannkkss

a. Pontoon Type (Single Deck)

b. Double Deck
c. Pan Type (‫ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬C.1.2 ‫)ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

Page 21 of 100 (Rev.1)

 D:: TTeecchhnniiccaall IInnqquuiirriieess
AApppp.. D
‫ﺣﺎوي ﻳﻜﺴﺮي ﺳﻮاﻻت ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه ﭘﺎﺳﺦ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

Deessiiggnn ooff SSttoorraaggee TTaannkkss

miicc D
AApppp.. EE:: SSeeiissm
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

Deessiiggnn ooff TTaannkkss ffoorr SSm

AApppp.. FF:: D maalll IInntteerrnnaall PPrreessssuurree
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬17.2 kPag ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

G:: SSttrruuccttuurraalllyy--SSuuppppoorrtteedd AAlluum

AApppp.. G mD
miinnuum Doom Rooooffss
mee R
(G.1.1).‫ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬93°C ‫* اﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
(G.1.3.1) .‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬Open-Top ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬Wind Girder ‫* ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬

H:: IInntteerrnnaall FFllooaattiinngg R

AApppp.. H Rooooffss
‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور داﺧﻠﻲ‬

Unnddeerr TTaannkk LLeeaakk D

AApppp.. II:: U Deetteeccttiioonn && SSuubbggrraaddee PPrrootteeccttiioonn
‫ﺣﺎوي روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل از ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دو ورق ﻛﻒ‬

Page 22 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Tanks Supported by Grillage (I.7):
.‫( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬C.A. ‫ )ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب‬12.5 mm ،‫• ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻞ‬
Butt-weld : ‫• ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ورق ﻛﻒ‬
.‫ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬93°C ‫• در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
b 2 P 0.5
tg = ( ) + C. A.
F y ×1.5
0.0284b 4 P
d= ≤ (tg – C.A.) / 2
E s × (t g − C. A.) 3

tg = Min. Thk. of the Bottom Pl. Supported on Grillage (mm)

b = Max. Allow. Spacing (C.L./C.L.) between adjacent or radial grillage members (mm)
Fy / Es = Min. yield Strength / Modulus of Elasticity of the Bottom Pl. (MPa)
P = Uniform Pressure (incl. the weight of bottom pl.) acting on the bottom resulting from X (MPa)
X = Max.(Weight of the Product + Int. Press. , Weight of the Hydrotest Water)
d = Max. Calculated Deflection of the Bottom Pl. at Mid-Span (mm)

Page 23 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪mbblleedd SSttoorraaggee TTaannkkss‬‬
‫‪AApppp.. JJ:: SShhoopp--AAsssseem‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه )ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪(6 m‬‬
‫* ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ‪ A.4.1‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ذﻳﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(J.3.3.) :‬‬

‫‪mppllee AApppplliiccaattiioonn ooff tthhee VVaarriiaabbllee--D‬‬

‫‪AApppp.. KK:: SSaam‬‬ ‫‪Meetthhoodd‬‬
‫‪Deessiiggnn--PPooiinntt M‬‬
‫‪VDP‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ از ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ روش‬
‫‪Daattaasshheeeett‬‬
‫‪AApppp.. LL:: AAPPII--665500 SSttoorraaggee TTaannkk D‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ دﻳﺘﺎﺷﻴﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه و دﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ آن‬

‫‪AApppp.. M‬‬ ‫‪Reeqquuiirreem‬‬

‫‪M:: R‬‬ ‫‪Oppeerraattiinngg aatt EElleevvaatteedd TTeem‬‬
‫‪meennttss ffoorr TTaannkkss O‬‬ ‫‪mppeerraattuurreess‬‬

‫ﻣﻮارد ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎزن دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪93°C < Design Temp. ≤ 260°C‬‬

‫* دﺳﺘﻪ اي از ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ‪ 93°C‬ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺪون ﺳﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎور ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ App.C‬و ﻣﺨﺎزن ‪(M.1.2). App.G‬‬

‫‪AApppp.. N‬‬ ‫‪Ussee ooff N‬‬

‫‪N:: U‬‬ ‫‪wM‬‬
‫‪Neew‬‬ ‫‪Maatteerriiaallss tthhaatt aarree nnoott iiddeennttiiffiieedd‬‬
‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫‪O:: R‬‬
‫‪AApppp.. O‬‬ ‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪Reeccoom‬‬ ‫‪Unnddeerr--BBoottttoom‬‬
‫‪meennddaattiioonnss ffoorr U‬‬ ‫‪mC‬‬‫‪Coonnnneeccttiioonnss‬‬
‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن‬

‫‪waabbllee EExxtteerrnnaall LLooaaddss oonn TTaannkk SShheelll O‬‬

‫‪AApppp.. PP:: AAllloow‬‬ ‫‪Oppeenniinnggss‬‬

‫‪ (5.7.1.5) -‬ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﻤﺶ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺷﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎر ﻫﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ دارﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي اﺗﺼﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﭙﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ و دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﺪول ‪ 5-6‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﺪاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 36‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو روش اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اوﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﺎز و دوﻣﻲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز )‪ (WRC 297‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 24 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

AApppp.. R mbbiinnaattiioonnss
Coom
R:: LLooaadd C

.‫ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‬API-650, 5.2.1 ‫* ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ اﺧﺘﺼﺎري ﻓﻮق ﺑﻪ‬

AApppp.. SS:: AAuusstteenniittiicc SSttaaiinnlleessss SStteeeell SSttoorraaggee TTaannkkss

• For Material Grades: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317, 317L

• Not for S.S. Clad Plate
• 40˚C ≤ max. Design Temp. ≤ 260˚C

(S.1.5).‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬Basic Design ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬،‫* در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
ND
AApppp.. TT:: N DEE R meennttss SSuum
Reeqquuiirreem mmmaarryy
‫ﺟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺎزرﺳﻴﻬﺎي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻮش ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬

U:: U
AApppp.. U miinnaattiioonn iinn LLiieeuu ooff R
Ullttrraassoonniicc EExxaam Raaddiiooggrraapphhyy
‫ ﺑﺮ روي درز ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬RT ‫ ﺑﺠﺎي‬UT ‫ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺴﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10 mm ‫* ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دو ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

Deessiiggnn ooff SSttoorraaggee TTaannkkss ffoorr EExxtteerrnnaall PPrreessssuurree

AApppp.. VV:: D

0.25 kpa < Normal Operating Ext. Pressure (Uniform) ≤ 6.9 kpa
(5.2.5).‫ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬App. V ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬Pe ≤ 0.25 kpa ‫* در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

W:: C
AApppp.. W mm
Coom meennttaattiioonn R
Dooccuum
meerrcciiaall aanndd D mm
Reeccoom meennddaattiioonnss
... ‫ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و‬،‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﺪارك ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ دﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬

Page 25 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 3-3‬ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ‪ API-650‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ASTM Specifications‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪CSA Specifications‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ISO Specifications‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪National Standards‬‬

‫‪ -‬در ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ در‪ API-650‬ذﻛﺮ ﻧﮕﺮدﻳﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ‪ N.2‬را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4.2.1.4) -‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﺷﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 45 mm‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺪودﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ‪ A-283 Gr.C‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ ،25 mm‬ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ‪ A-573 Gr.70‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 40 mm‬و ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ‪ A-537 Cl.2‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 45 mm‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ Plate‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪(4.2.2).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﺷﻞ ﻃﺒﻖ ‪ BS-2654, prEN-14015‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 40 mm‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (4.2.1.4) -‬ﺑﺮاي ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺿﺨﻴﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 40 mm‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Quench Tempered or Normalized‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Killed‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Fine Grain Practice‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Impact Tested‬‬
‫‪ (4.2.2) -‬ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻟﻬﺎي ‪ A-516 Gr.70‬و ‪ A-537 Cl.2‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ ) Insert Plate‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Fig. 5-7B‬رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد( ﺑﺎ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 100 mm‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4.2.1.2.3) -‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻠﺮاﻧﺲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ‪0.25 mm‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ‪(4.2.8) IMPACT TEST‬‬

‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ )در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد( اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪) .‬ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ‪ASTM‬‬
‫‪ A20‬و ‪ ASTM A370‬رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‪(.‬‬

‫)‪Page 26 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫در ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻧﻤﻮدار‪ ،‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق )ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ‪ (C.A.‬را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد دو ﻣﺤﻮر در زﻳﺮ ﺧـﻂ ﮔـﺮوه ﻣـﻮرد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺴﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻻزم ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫* اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺷﻞ‪ ،‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺷﻞ‪ ،‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻛﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻞ ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،Insert Plates Shell‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺑﻜﺎرﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﮔﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻮل و ﻧﺎزل و ﻓﻠﻨﺞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫* ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﺷﻞ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ‪ ، Fig.2-1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Fig.4-3‬رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 27 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

Design Metal Temperature = (Lowest 1-day mean. Amb. Temp.) + 8°C (API-650 3.4)

: BS-2654 ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬

Design Metal Temp. = Min. (lowest daily mean temp. + 10 °C, min. temp. of contents)

.‫* از اﻳﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻣﺒﺮد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد زﻳﺮا دﻣﺎي ﺟﺪاره ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻴﺎل اﺳﺖ‬

Page 28 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 4-3‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ )‪: (4.8‬‬

‫‪ (1‬اﮔﺮ ‪) Tensile Strength < 550 Mpa‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ :(A-283 Gr.C‬اﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺳﺮي ‪ E60‬و ‪ E70‬در ‪AWS A5.1‬‬

‫‪ (2‬اﮔﺮ ‪) Tensile Strength ≥ 550 Mpa‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ :(A-537 Cl.2‬اﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺳﺮي ‪ E80xx-Cx‬در ‪AWS A5.5‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ AWS‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(5.1.4).‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫= )‪Min. Size of Fillet Weld on Plates (5.1.3.3‬‬

‫‪If (Plate Thk. = 5mm) = Full Fillet Weld‬‬

‫)‪If (Plate Thk. > 5mm) = max. (1/3 Thk. of Thinner Plate, 5mm‬‬

‫ﺟﻮش ورق ﻛﻒ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺟﻮش ‪ Single-Welded lap joint‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻛﻒ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‪(5.1.3.4) .‬‬
‫‪ -‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻛﻒ از ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺼﻮرت ‪ Continuous Full Fillet‬ﺟﻮش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ overlap‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺎزن )‪(5.1.3.5‬‬
‫‪Min. Overlap = 5 x Thk. of Thinner Plate‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﮔﺮ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ Double Weld‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ اورﻟﭗ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ‪ 50 mm‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﮔﺮ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ Single Weld‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ اورﻟﭗ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ‪ 25mm‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺎس ﺟﻮش )‪(5.1.3.6.1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺟﻮش ورق ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻛﻒ از ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل و ﺟﻮش ورق ﺷﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ‪I, II, III, IIIA‬‬

‫‪1. Manual Welding: Fillet Leg or Groove depth > 6mm shall be Multipass.‬‬
‫‪2. Semi-Auto. or Auto. Welding (Except: Electro-Gas Welding): Fillet Leg or Groove depth > 10mm‬‬
‫‪shall be Multipass.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮش ﺷﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 2‬ﭘﺎس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (5.1.5.4‬روﻳﻬﻢ اﻓﺘﺎدﮔﻲ ﺳﻪ ورق در ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 300 mm‬از‪ -1‬ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ‪ -2‬ﺷﻞ ‪-3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ butt‬در ورﻗﻬﺎي‪ -4 annular‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ bottom‬و ‪ annular‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪) .‬اورﻟﭗ‬
‫ورﻗﻬﺎي ‪ bottom‬و ورق ‪ annular‬ﺟﺰو اورﻟﭗ ‪ 3‬ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫)‪Page 29 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

Note: In three lap-welded joints, the upper plate shall be hammered down & welded. Cutting back the upper
plate if the upper plate overlaps the intermediate plate.

Annular Bottom ‫ﺟﻮش ورق‬

:API-650 (5.1.5.5) ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻓﻀﺎ در رﻳﺸﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬6mm ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬Square Groove ‫ اﮔﺮ از‬-
.‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻻزم در رﻳﺸﻪ ﺟﻮش اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬Metal Spacer ‫از‬
‫ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬3mm ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬Backing Strip (permanent or temporary) ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬-
.‫ ﺑﻪ ورق ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬tack weld ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

Page 30 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺷﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ‪Shell to bottom Joint‬‬

‫‪A) Thk. of Bottom/Annular ≤ 13mm‬‬

‫‪Thk. of thinner part ≤ Weld size ≤ 13mm‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ 5.1.5.7‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻞ اﺳﺖ را ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫‪B) Thk. of Annular > 13mm‬‬

‫ﺟﻮش ورق ﺳﻘﻒ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ API‬ورق ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ در زﻳﺮ ورق ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪ ،(Fig. 5-3A‬ﻛﻪ در ‪ BS‬و ‪ prEN‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻛﺮدن اﻣﻜﺎن ورود ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮات ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ‪ Overlap‬ﻋﻜﺲ آن اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ overlap‬ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ 25 ، prEN-14015‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 31 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫‪ (5.1.5.9a) -‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﺎل ﻣﺨﺰن‪ ،‬از ﺟﻮش ‪ Butt‬و ﻳﺎ از ﺟﻮش ‪ Double-Fillet‬ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5.1.5.9d) -‬ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﺨﺰن ‪ Self-Supported Roof‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺟﻮش‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ورق‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ را ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ‪ Top Angle‬ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻮش ورق ﺷﻞ‬

‫‪ (5.1.5.2) -‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ درز ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي در ﻛﻮرﺳﻬﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور‪ 5 t ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪ t‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻮرس‬
‫ﺿﺨﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ‪ ،IPS-G-ME-100‬ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 13mm‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ از ‪Double V-Butt Weld‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از اﻳﻦ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت در اﺷﻜﺎل زﻳﺮ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ : (5.1.3.7‬ﺟﻮش اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ‪ Seal-Weld‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ‪ Intermittent‬ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ‪ Wind Girders‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪5.1.5.8‬‬

‫)‪Page 32 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ ورق ﻛﻒ‬5-3

: Bottom ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق‬ -

For C.S.: Min. Thk. of Bottom Pl. (mm) = 6 + C.A.

For S.S.: Min. Thk. of Bottom Pl. (mm) = 5 + C.A.
1:120 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ‬Cone Up ، NIOEC ‫ و‬API-650 5.4.4 & B.3.3, IPS ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬: Bottom ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ورق‬ -

1:100 ، prEN-14015 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬: ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﺐ ورق ﻛﻒ‬ -

:(5.5.1) Annular Bottom ‫ﺿﺮورت وﺟﻮد ورق‬ -

Butt-Welded ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IV, IVA, V, VI ‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ از ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎي‬ (1)

.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬Annular Bottom Pl.

(M.4.1) .‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Annular ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬30 ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬ (2)

‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﻫﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ورق ﺷﻞ‬Annular ‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل‬،BS-2654 ‫ و‬IPS-G-ME-100 ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬ (3)

.‫ اﻟﺰام ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬API-650 ‫ اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

: Annular Bottom -

.‫( اﺳﺖ‬5.5.4) ‫ داﻳﺮوي و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت داﻳﺮوي و ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﻲ‬،Annular Bottom ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ورق‬ -

: Annular Bottom ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ورق‬ -

**
Min. Width of Annular Bottom Pl. (mm) = 50 + ts + Max. (600, 215 tb / (HG)0.5 ) + 60

tb (mm) = Thk .of the Annular Pl.

H (m) = Max. Design Liquid Level
G = Design Specific Gravity of the Stored Liquid

**

Page 33 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ‪ : Annular Bottom‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ‪ 5-1‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ‪: BS-2654, prEN-14015, IPS‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ورق ‪ 500 ،Annular‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﻮرس اول ﺷﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ‪ 12.5m‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ورق ‪ Annular Bottom‬داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫‪: Foundation Drip Ring‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ ، 5.4.5‬اﻳﻦ رﻳﻨﮓ )از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ اﺳﺘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 3mm‬و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻴـﺮون زدﮔـﻲ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪازه‬
‫‪ 75mm‬از ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ ورق ﻛﻒ و ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 34 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﺷﻞ‬6-3

(Para.5.6.2 & Table 5-2) :‫ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز‬-

Allow. Product Design Stress: Sd = Min. (2/3 Syield , 2/5 Stensile) (MPa)
Allow. Hydrostatic Test Stress: St = Min. (3/4 Syield , 3/7 Stensile) (MPa)

(5.6.1.1): Shell Thk. = Max. {tshell , ttest , Table in 5.6.1.1 (C.A. is included)}

‫( ﭼﻚ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ‬5.9.7) ‫ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬buckling ‫( ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬5.6.1.4) *
.‫ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮد‬Int. Wind Girder ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬
.Top Compression Area ‫* ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮرس ﻣﺠﺎور ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ در ﻣﻮرد‬

1-Foot Method: D ≤ 61m (200ft) (5.6.3)

‫ﻓﺮض ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس از ﻣﺨﺰن ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ورق ﻛﻒ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻮرس ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ( ﺳﺎﭘﻮرت‬
.‫ از درز ﺟﻮش ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ آن ﻛﻮرس اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬1 ft ‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮددو ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬

n
4.9 D × ( H − ∑Wi −0.3) × G
td = i =1
+ C. A. (mm)
Sd

n
4.9 D × ( H − ∑Wi −0.3)
tt= i =1
(mm)
St

i = Course no.
Wi = Course Width
G = Liquid S.G.
H (m) = Design Liquid Level
D (m) = Nominal Diameter
C.A. (mm) = Corrosion Allowance

Page 35 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ اﺳﺘﻴﻞ ‪(S.3.2) :‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫‪4.9 D × ( H − ∑ Wi −0.3) × G‬‬
‫= ‪td‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬
‫)‪+ C. A. (mm‬‬
‫‪ES d‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫)‪4.9 D × ( H − ∑ Wi −0.3‬‬
‫=‪tt‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬
‫‪ES t‬‬

‫})‪E = Joint Efficiency {1(sec. 8.1.2), 0.85(sec. A.5.3), 0.7(No Radiography‬‬

‫●ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺷﻞ‬

‫‪5.6.1.2: 1800 mm for CS Materials‬‬
‫‪S.3.2:‬‬ ‫‪1200 mm for SS Materials‬‬

‫)‪(all rectangular & sketch plates‬‬ ‫● ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده درﻛﻒ‬
‫‪5.4.1: 1800 mm for CS Materials‬‬
‫‪S.3.1: 1200 mm for SS Materials‬‬

‫)‪Variable Design-Point Method: (5.6.4‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ روش ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه در آن ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ روش ﻣﺤﻞ دﻗﻴﻘﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬

‫از ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺮدن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ در درز ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫از اﻳﻦ روش زﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ‪ 1-Foot‬را ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﻜﺮده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪L/H ≤ 1000/6‬‬
‫‪L (mm) = (500Dt)0.5‬‬
‫)‪t (mm) = Bottom Shell Course Thk. (Excl. C.A.‬‬
‫‪H (m) = Design Liquid Level‬‬
‫‪D (m) = Nominal Diameter‬‬
‫)‪ (5.6.5‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ‪ ، L/H > 1000/6‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ را ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻮرس اول ﺷﻞ از روش ‪ 1-Foot‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ ، App.D‬از اﻳﻦ روش ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮان در ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ C.A.‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ دارﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪Page 36 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 : BS-2654 ‫* ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

D
t = (98w( H − 0.3) + P) + C. A. (mm)
20S

w = Max. (Liquid S.G., 1)

S (MPa) = Allow. Design Stress = Min. (260, 2/3 Sy)
P (mbar) = Design Pressure
H (m) = Height to the top of the shell or to the overflow. When
the shell height includes a wind skirt with overflow openings
and/or seismic freeboard, H shall be the overflow height or the
height less the seismic freeboard.

‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬S.G. < 1 ‫ و‬C.A. ≥ 0 ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ‬، BS ‫ و‬API ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ دو اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬-
.‫ اﺳﺖ‬API ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬BS ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

: prEN-14015 ‫* ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

If Max. Design Metal Temp. ≤ 100˚C:

Max. Allow. Design Stress: Sd = Min. (2/3 Syield , 260) (MPa)
Max. Allow. Test Stress: St = Min. (3/4 Syield , 260) (MPa)
If Max. Design Metal Temp. > 100˚C:
Max. Allow. Design Stress: Sd = 2/3 Syield (MPa) @ Max. Design Metal Temp.

n
D × [98G ( H − ∑Wi −0.3) + P]
td = i =1
+ C. A. (mm)
20S d

n
D × [98Gt ( H − ∑Wi −0.3) + Pt ]
tt = i =1
+ C. A. (mm)
20S t

‫ از‬0.3 ‫ ﻋﺪد‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮرس ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮرس ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬، prEN-14015 ‫ و‬BS ‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬-
.‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﻓﻮق در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل داده ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬

Page 37 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 7-3‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬

‫)‪ :(5.9.1‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ‪ roundness‬ﻣﺨﺰن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ" در ﺑﻴﺮون ﻣﺨﺰن و روي ﻛﻮرس ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻞ )ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ آن ﺑﺼﻮرت داﻳﺮوي و ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﻲ( ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪(Fig. 5-24) .‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ‪ Z‬در ﺟﺪول ‪ 5-20‬آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎل اﻓﻘﻲ < ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎل اﻓﻘﻲ ‪ ،16 x‬ﺳﺎﭘﻮرﺗﮕﺬاري ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ وزن ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده و زﻧﺪه را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﺮده و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ‪ 24‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬

‫‪ Compression Flange‬ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(5.9.5).‬‬

‫‪ (5.9.3.3) -‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب‪ ،‬رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺷﻴﺐ و ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮراخ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﮔﺮ از ﺳﻮراخ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬

‫ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 25mm‬در ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 2400mm‬ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﺠﺎد اﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻋﺎﻳﻖ دار ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬درز ﺟﻮش ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬

‫‪ 150mm‬از درز ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﺨﺰن ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﺒﻮر رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ از روي درز ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ‪ Rat Hole‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺷﻌﺎع ‪20mm‬‬

‫)ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪:Top Angle‬‬

‫‪ : 5.1.5.9e -‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ‪ Supported‬و ‪ Self-Supported‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ Top Angle‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 38 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 : Ext. Floating Roof ‫ و‬Open-Top ‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬-

،‫ در ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ورق‬.‫ اﺳﺖ‬65 x 65 x 6 (mm) ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬Top Angle ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬:5.9.3.1 -

.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬6mm ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬،‫ از ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺨﺰن ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0.6 m ‫ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬top wind girder ‫ اﮔﺮ‬:5.9.3.2 -

:‫ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از‬Top Angle

65 x 65 x 6 (mm) : Shell Thk. = 5mm (1)

76 x 76 x 6.4 (mm) : Shell Thk. > 5mm (2)

:(5.9.6) Top Wind Girder

D2 × H2 V 2
Z min . = ×( ) (cm3)
17 190

Zmin. (cm3) = Required Min. Section Modulus

V (km/h) = Design Wind Speed (3-sec gust based 5.2.1(k))
H2 (m) = Height of the Tank Shell (Including any freeboard)
D (m) = Nominal Diameter

(5.9.6.1) .‫ ﻣﺘﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬60 ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن‬Z ‫ از‬، D > 60m ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.1

(Top Angle ‫ )ﺑﺪون اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﺑﻴﺮون زدﮔﻲ‬710mm ‫ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬Handrail ‫ ﺑﺎ‬Fig.5-24, Detail “e”‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ" از‬.2

Top ‫ از‬1100mm ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺪون ﺳﻘﻒ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬Walkway ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬

(5.9.4).‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬Angle

:(5.9.7) Intermediate Wind Girder

t 3 190 2
Max Height of the Unstiffened Shell: H 1 = 9.47t ( ) ×( ) (m)
D V
tuniform
Wtr = W × ( )5 (mm)
t actual

D 2 × H1 V 2
Z min . = ×( ) 3
(cm )
17 190

Page 39 of 100 (Rev.1)

H1 (m) = Vertical Distance between the Intermediate Wind Girder & the Top Angle of the Shell or
the Top Wind Girder of an Open-Top Tank
t (mm) = As Ordered Thk. (unless otherwise specified) of the Thinnest Shell Course
tuniform (mm) = As Ordered Thk. (unless otherwise specified) of the Thinnest Shell Course
tactual (mm) = As Ordered Thk. (unless otherwise specified) of the Shell Course for which the
Transposed Width is being Calculated.
Wtr (mm) = Transposed Width of Each Shell Course
W (mm) = Actual Width of Each Shell Course

(5.9.7.3) .‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬Int. Wind Girder ‫ ﻳﻚ‬، 2 H 1 > ∑ Wtr > H 1 ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬.1

(5.9.7.5) .‫ از درز ﺟﻮش اﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬150mm ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬.2

(5.9.7.6.2) .‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ دارد‬Z ‫ از ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل رﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻞ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬13.4 (Dt)0.5 ‫ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ از ﺷﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه‬.3

D (m) = Nominal Tank Diameter

t (mm) = Shell Thk. at the Attachment

EXERCISE 1: A floating roof tank with the following specifications,

Diameter = 95 m
Height = 20 m
Design Pressure/Temperature = ATM. / 85˚C
Liquid Density = 850 kg/m3
V = 65 m/s
Shell Material = C.S.
Course Width = 2.4 m
Corrosion Allowance = 3 mm
Specify:
1. Shell Courses & Annular Bottom Pl. Thickness
2. Qty., Size & location of Wind Girders (if any)
3. Seismic & Wind Loads.

Page 40 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 8-3‬ورق و اﺳﺘﺮاﻛﭽﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ‬

‫‪Frangible Roof‬‬

‫در اﺛﺮ ازدﻳﺎد ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺗﺼﺎل ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ Fail‬ﻛﻨﺪ‪(5.10.2.6).‬‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ از ﻃﺮف ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﻧﻮع ‪ Frangible‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫¾ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ‪D ≥ 15m‬‬

‫‪Roof Slope ≤ 1:6 -1‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺟﻮش ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﻪ ‪ Top Angle‬از ﻧﻮع ‪ Single Continuous Fillet Weld‬از ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ آن ‪ 5mm‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺳﺎﭘﻮرت ﺳﻘﻒ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ورق ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Top angle -4‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ‪ 5.1.5.9.e‬ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪DLS‬‬
‫= ‪Amax‬‬ ‫)‪(mm²‬‬
‫‪1390 tan θ‬‬

‫‪DLS (N) = Total weight of the shell & any framing (but not roof plates) supported by the shell & roof‬‬
‫‪Ө = Angle between the roof & a horizontal Plane at the roof to shell junction‬‬

‫‪ -5.1‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ Insulation Ring‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5.2‬ﻧﺤﻮه اﺗﺼﺎل در ‪ Compression Ring‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ‪ a-e‬از ‪ Fig. F-2‬ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫¾ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ‪ Self-Anchored‬ﺑﺎ ‪15m > D ≥ 9m‬‬

‫‪Tank Height ≥ 9m -1‬‬
‫‪Roof Slope ≤ ¾:12 -2‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اول )ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ (D ≥ 15m‬را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ورق ﻛﻒ از ﻧﻮع ‪ Butt-Weld‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﺗﺼﺎﻻت از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺎ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 100mm‬را ﺑﺪون ﺷﻜﺴﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫¾ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ‪ Self-Anchored‬ﺑﺎ ‪15m > D‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اول )ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ (D ≥ 15m‬را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ورق ﻛﻒ از ﻧﻮع ‪ Butt-Weld‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﺗﺼﺎﻻت از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺎ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 100mm‬را ﺑﺪون ﺷﻜﺴﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪Shell to Bottom Joint Strength ≥ 1.5 x Top Joint Strength (Tank is Empty‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪Shell to Bottom Joint Strength ≥ 2.5 x Top Joint Strength (Tank is Full‬‬

‫¾ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ‪ Anchored‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اول )ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ (D ≥ 15m‬را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫‪ Anchorage -2‬ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ )‪ Failure Press. (F.6‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 41 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫‪Flanged Roof‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺠﺎي ‪ Top Angle‬ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻨﺞ درآﻣﺪه ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‪(5.1.5.9f) .‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Supported Cone Roof if D ≤ 9m‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫)‪Self Supported Roof (if Amin. is considered‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬

‫)‪Self-Supported Cone Roof (5.10.5‬‬

‫زاوﻳﻪ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻖ ‪9.5º ≤ θ ≤ 37º :‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ" ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 8m‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬

‫‪-4‬‬

‫)‪Page 42 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫)‪Self-Supported Dome/Umbrella Roof (5.10.6‬‬

‫‪-1‬‬

‫‪-2‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ‪ BS-2654, prEN-14015‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻌﺎع ﺳﻘﻒ ‪ 1.5D‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫‪Rafter-Supported Roof‬‬

‫زاوﻳﻪ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻖ ‪) θ = 9.5º (Slope 1:6) :‬در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ‪، BS-2654, prEN-14015‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻧﻮرﻣﺎل ‪ 1:5‬اﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ" ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 15m‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫)‪Roof Plate Thk. = 5 + C.A. (mm‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫‪Column-Supported Roof‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ زاوﻳﻪ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻖ ‪θ = 3.58º (Slope 1:16) :‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫)‪Roof Plate Thk. = 5 + C.A. (mm‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺘﺮاﻛﭽﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ از ‪ AISC‬و ‪ BS-449‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫* )‪ (5.10.3.2‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ اﺳﺘﺮاﻛﭽﺮي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ و ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪) 6 mm‬ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 43 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫)‪ (5.10.3.3‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻻﻏﺮي‪:‬‬
‫‪1. For Columns: L/rc ≤ 180‬‬
‫‪2. For other compression members: L/r ≤ 200‬‬
‫‪3. For all other members (except tie rods whose design is based on tendile force): L/r ≤ 300‬‬
‫‪L (mm) : Unbraced Length‬‬
‫‪rc (mm) : Least Radius of Gyration of Column‬‬
‫‪r (mm) : Governing Radius of Gyration‬‬

‫)‪External Floating Roof (App.C‬‬

‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻨﺎوري ﺳﻘﻒ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺑﺎران ﺟﺰو ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ روي ﺳﻴﺎل ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص )‪ min.(0.7,Liquid S.G.‬ﺷﻨﺎوري ﺧﻮد را‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ‪(C.3.4):‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ 250‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ آب ﺑﺎران در ﻣﺪت ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روي ﺳﻘﻒ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﮔﺮدد ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض آﻧﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬دو ‪ pontoon‬ﻣﺠﺎور ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮراخ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض آﻧﻜﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ آﺑﻲ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Internal Floating Roof (App.H‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ روي ﺳﻴﺎل ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص )‪ min.(0.7,Liquid S.G.‬ﺷﻨﺎوري ﺧﻮد را‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ‪(H.4.2):‬‬
‫‪ (1‬دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﻮد را ﺳﺎﭘﻮرت ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬دو ‪ pontoon‬ﻣﺠﺎور ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮراخ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 44 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

EXERCISE 2: A fixed dome roof tank with the following specifications,
Diameter = 7.5 m
Height = 7.29 m
Design Pressure/Temperature = 100mmwc / 105˚C
V = 44 m/s
Liquid Density = 780 kg/m3
C.A. = 3.175 mm
Shell Material = KCS
Course Width = 2.43 m
Specify:
1. Roof Pl. Thickness
2. Qty., Size & location of Wind Girders (if any)
3. Seismic & Wind Loads.
4. Anchor Bolts (Size/Qty.) (if any)

EXERCISE 3: A fixed roof tank with the following specifications,

Diameter = 43.89 m
Height = 14.63 m
Design Pressure/Temperature = 50mmwc / 98˚C
V = 60 m/s
Liquid Density = 950 kg/m3
C.A. for 1st Shell Course & Annular Bottom = 3 mm
C.A. for other Shell Courses & Bottom = 1.5 mm
Shell Material = CS
Course Width = 2 m
Specify:
1. Shell Courses Thickness
2. Qty., Size & location of Wind Girders (if any)
3. Roof Structure Arrangements
4. Anchor Bolts (Size/Qty.) (if any)

Page 45 of 100 (Rev.1)

 FLOATING ROOFS
TYPE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
tOW l2E~ E1I:16IJHY ellljTmH
VIND GIROCR ~
CHEAPER TO CONSTRUCT '~H POOR DES I GN rOIl ROJF'
DOU BLE DECK FOR 20'. INSULATION
?ONTO~ L70 '. " STRVCTUR""LL. Y W(A.K(R THAN
SVIT A8Lt F~ HIGH VAPOR DOUBLE DECK
PRf:SSl.RE STOCKS

~~
,. L EAK C[JJLD R£SUL T IN STOCK
~
CAPABLE Of' IN...!SCRVICI: REPAIR ON THE DECIC tAUS INC; ... run:
OF" APPURTow«:£f" - H/IIZARD ~D OIL IN THE ROOF
~ DRAIN SYSTO! AND "'N (MISSIONS
GOOD BOOT""",,T VICLATIOH
LfLEXIBLE PIP(
RiDr DRAIN

D[)!J9b[; DECK [I D6I1~!;j

PIJNTtDI
CQHPARTHEHTS $1\ VIND GIRD~R~

n
~

~
I ~~ CAN BE EASILY I NSULATED IF
N£Eocn

L~EXIBLE PI~
STRUCTLRAU... y VtRT
""""" MORE EXPENS IVE THAN POHTOON
SHAl..L
TANlC$ ROOF" DR"'IN SUITABL E: F'DIII HIGH
PRESSl.RE STOCKS """" FOR 20'. H I 170'.

CAPAfIl.£ CF IN.,sERYIC~ -
II'ND GIRD(R- REPAIR OF" APPUffTENANC["$
LOSE CAP"'C lTV II£CNJS£ W
HIGH AHCIUNT OF' FReEBOARD '""
IULKHEADS \ .1 ' COMf"AAT H[NT S
PONTOON ... LEAK III LL HOT PUT OI L ON
THE R!J]( CR I N THE ROlF
DRAI N SYSTEM
REQUIRED

T1 l 'llfln EXCELLENT BOUY~Y

~
~
\-
~

LARGE: TN«$
.LfROOF
lEX IBLE P t PE
Iff"'!N

VAf'lB CrwsrR\l"T J fill JT¥"

EXPENSIVE fO BUILD !'.ND

------- REDUC[S [R
~OU IIlEI£NT
AVO I DS
Ft'R MAKEUP GAS
MAI"'TA['"

I THERE AIlE CORROS [ON PROBLEMS

CAN BE USED AS GAS IO..DER IN H£ SEAL AREA UNLESS IT
IS COAfED

Page 46 of 100 (Rev.1)

 FI XED ROOFS
TYPE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
sg.E pnqnn '7!!E' !III'

Dtc'/fAV~ ~IN[MUM [NT(~NAL OBSTRUCTIONS

PI. A1t:
RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE
MAY REQUIRE HEAVIER ROD. DECK
SUITABLE FOR INTERNAL PLIITE:
I PROTECTIVE COATING
ONL Y SUITABLE 'OR SHALL TANKS
HAKES COST-EfT J elENT C[)NV(RS [ Ot
TO INTERNAL .LOAfING ROD.
I
SUPfl!:Rlrp ,.,.". BlJTS
CD(f[R SlPf'tRTED aN: RIXF

Dr:CI( P

"" STtCL ( Art

~Arrtli
SI MPLE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
MINIMAL INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS LESS [DEAL FOR INTERNAL
([NTER I PROTECTIVE CDATING
RELATIVE LY [N[XP[I'IS[Y[
COlUMN ......... TANK DIAMETER LIMITED BY SP"'N
HAKE COST·rrrICIENT CONVERSION Of" IM,TERS
TO INTERNAL r LOAflNG R~

~TED aM: RID"

:::::; ~Cl(~
GIRDERS -<
". SIMPLE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
RELATIVE LY INE~PENSIVE
POOR rOR INTERNAL PROTECTIVE
(OATlNCi

MANY INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS

SUIlABLE rOR ANY DIAMETER
It-'
CENTER
I'-~TEEL
RAf"TERS "'" DlrrlCULT TO INSPECT
CILUMN' ..........
':: CIl..UMNS
CAN BE .RANGIBlE 'OR
VENTING
E~RGENCY
MAKES COSTLY CONVERSION
INTERNAL 'LOATING ROOt
m
-
fXTEPW r X $lft!J!Jrp C!H IQE;
srt:itrCRlliAl
Rllr'CRS SAME ADVANTAGES AS CENTER
CENTER lJt:CI( PL..\i?i- SuPPORTED AND SUPPORTED CONE SAME DISADVAN TAGES AS CENTER
COLl.~N .......... SUPPORTED AND SUP'PDRTED CONE:

""'"
lESS IN TE RNAL OBST RUC TIONS "'OF'
tIOR( EXPENS I VE THAN INTERNALL l'
ROOF' SUPPORT CIL(JHMNS GOCD 'OR INTERNAL COAT INGS SUPPORTED ROO'S

-
CAN BE DCSIGNED THE
SAl'll: AS INTERNALLY IS NOT FRANGIBLE
SLPPORTI:D CONE ROotS

III: l..-rr I e JIf'IT MORE EXP(NS I VE THAN CON( AOCU-

SUITABLE rOR ONLY SMALL AND

EXCELLENT DESIGN rOR INTERNAL MEDIUM TANKS
COAT ING
I EXCELLENT DESIGN 'OR HIG~
ROOf" DECK PLATE 0Nt. Y STRUCTURAL
SuPPORT, EXCEP T 'OR LARGER
CORROSION SERVI CES SUCH AS DIAI£ TER TANKS
I SULrUfl
NOT SUITABLE r OR HIGH VAPOR
PRtSSIJRE STOCKS UNLCSS VAPOR
I RECOVI;:RY I S USED
I S NOT n~AHU I BLE

Page 47 of 100 (Rev.1)

 INTERNAL FLOATING ROOFS
TYPE

":'
VeE"'" ".,r-RDCr RAISED TO
ACCOMIJDATE
VENTS
I~I~BHeL ELcaIIH~
ADVANTAGES
GOOD V(NlING I'tAX!M]Zrs
ROOF :t~l:U.s;D
eI I~ !:IE atfJ.L.
DISADVANTAGES
MORE EXPENSIVE THAN AIR
TANK CAPAC I TY SCOOP ~

RlV"fCR
"'V NOT SUIT ABLE: FOR RCTROf"IT

1 I~I~8~ [LaeII~ 8CCE

)/ I TH RQIlf yENTS AND SHELL QYERfbDW
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
,.
~ ~
~

SUITABLE (OR RETROFIT 1-]/2' ADD I TION ..... LOSS

~ ~
~ TANk: CAPACiTY
INEXPENSIVE INSTALLATION

tilfj~CtHa&I is.!.!tlH~ IHI~B~~L. [L~IIMY aCCE

ADVANTAGES DI SADVANT AGES
CMEAP(ST INTERNAL DESIGN V£lfT WEAK STRUCTl..tRAlLY
CENTER VCNT

J"f".EO' '.""'UAL"
CAN BE INSTALLED THROUGH ALUMINUM LIMITS SERVICES
SHELL HANWAY
~ S(iIIlED PANELS
SUITABLE FOR HIGH VAPOR
PR(SSUR( STOCkS
NOT SUITABLE fOR HIGH
TURBUlENCE
~t' ~IR SCOOPS NOT SU ITABLE FOR HIGH

/ ~\
'-OVERFLIDI
RAPID FIELD INSTALLATION VISCOSITY SERViCeS
SHORTER LIFE (XptCTAN{;Y
THAN STEtL

~
~
~ OPENIHCi C[]NIACT AblJMJNlI4 INTeRNAL fLQATING ROOr
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
~ ~
~
CAN lIE INSTALLED THRCJUGH ALUM INUM LIMITS SERV I CES
SHELL MANIIAY
SHORTER LirE EXPECTANCY
SUITA8LE FOR HIGH VAPOR
PRESSlmE STOCKS
RAPID FIELD INSTALLATION
tASIER REPP,IR(D THAN
NONCONTACT
STRONGER THAN NDNCONTACT
LESS LIKELY HI SI Nt(

[I.CBIU~~ PAN
(LARGER ROOFS HAVE TRUSS SYSTEM AND
1-
e. EXTERNAL RAFTERS ON TOP or DECK)
~ ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
~

~
~ LOll COST EXTRtHELY VULNERABLE
SIJ«IN(j OR CAPSIZINti "
A FIR( HAZ.t.RD
NCiT RECOMMENDED

Page 48 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬9-3
1) FIXED ROOF (V.7)

Pr (kPa): total design external pressure for design of roof

Pr = max.{DL + (Lr or S) + 0.4 Pe , DL + 0.4 (Lr or S) + Pe}

DL (kPa) : Dead load, the weight of the tank or tank component (including C.A.)
Lr (kPa) : Min. roof live load on horizontal projected area of the roof (default= 1 kPa)
Pe / S (kPa) : Specified external pressure / snow load
D / R (m) : Tank nominal diameter / Roof dish radius
E (MPa) : Modulus of elasticity of the roof plate material
f (MPa) : Min. allowable tensile stress of (roof, shell & stiffener material) at the max.
operating temperature
JEb : Joint Efficiency of bottom plate (=1 for bottom joints)
JEs : Joint Efficiency of shell plate (=1 for full RT , =0.85 for spot RT)
JEr : Joint Efficiency of roof plate (=1 for butt-weld , =0.35 for single lap-weld, =0.7 for
double lap-weld)
JEst : Joint Efficiency of splice of stiffener sections (=1 for 100% RT , =0.85 for spot RT,
=0.7 for no RT)
ts1, ts2, …, tsn (mm) : Thk. of cylindrical shell courses (from top to bottom)

1.1 Self-Supported Cone Roof (V.7.2)

The required thk. of roof plate, including C.A. (mm):

(Max. thk. = 12.5 + C.A.)

The total required cross-sectional area in the roof-to-shell joint area (mm2):

The length of roof within the top region (mm):

The vertical dimension in the shell (mm):

The required cross-sectional area of the top stiffener (mm2): (Min. Astiff = ½ Atotal)

Page 49 of 100 (Rev.1)

1.2 Self-Supported Dome/Umbrella Roof (V.7.3)

The required thk. of roof plate, including C.A. (mm):

(Max. thk. = 12.5 + C.A.)
The total required cross-sectional area in the roof-to-shell joint area (mm2):

The length of roof within the top region (mm):

The vertical dimension in the shell (mm):

The required cross-sectional area of the top stiffener (mm2): (min. Astiff = ½ Areqd)

Page 50 of 100 (Rev.1)

 2) SHELL (V.8)
2.1 Unstiffened Shells (V.8.1)

Elastic Buckling Check :

‫ اﺛﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬،‫ در ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت‬.‫* اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﺷﺮط ﻓﻮق ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

.‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬ASME BPVC, Sec.VIII Div.I ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺪ‬

Ps (kPa): total design external pressure for design of shell

Ps = max.{Pe (excluding Wind) , W + 0.4 Pe}

tsmin (mm) : Min. thk. of thinnest shell course

HTS (m) : Transformed height of tank shell
W (kPa) : Max. wind pressure = 0.0000333 V2 Kg Kh
Kg : Wind gust factor = 1.1
Kh : Wind height factor = 1.1
V (km/hr): Specified design wind velocity (3-sec gust)
h1, h2, …, hn (m) : Height of shell courses (from top to bottom)
L1, L2 (m) : Distances between adjacent intermediate stiffeners or intermediate
stiffener and top/bottom of shell, respectively.
Ls (m) : (L1 + L2)/2
Ns : Number of intermediate stiffeners
Hsafe (m): Max. height of unstiffened shell permitted, based on the transformed shell thk. (ts1)
N : Number of waves into which a shell will buckle under external pressure
Q (N/m) : Radial load imposed on the intermediate stiffener by the shell
V1 (N/m) : Radial load imposed on the stiffener by the shell
H (m) : Shell height
Wshell (mm) : Contributing width of shell on each side of intermediate stiffener
fc (MPa) :

Page 51 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺮاي ‪ Unstiffened Tank‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻزم ﺷﻞ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﺑﺎد‪:‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ‪ V.8.2‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ از ﻣﺨﺰن اﺻﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ )ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮرس = ‪ (ts1‬و‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه ‪ HTS‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪل‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن اﺻﻠﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ buckling‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪2.2 Circumferentially Stiffened Shells (V.8.2‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ buckling‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ رﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻳﻦ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ از ﺷﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ns + 1 = HTS / Hsafe‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ‪ Ns ≤ 0‬ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ رﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ Ns‬ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮد‪ .‬در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Spacing = HTS / (Ns + 1‬‬

‫‪2 ≤ N ≤ 10‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫)‪2.2.1 Intermediate Stiffener Ring (V.8.2.2‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور در ﻣﺨﺰن اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ روﻧﺪ ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 52 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 :(cm4) ‫( ﻣﻤﺎن اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬1)

Iact = The combined moment of inertia of the intermediate stiffener & the shell within a
contributing distance on each side of the stiffener

:(mm2) ‫( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬2)

(min. Astiff = ½ Areqd)

2.2.2 End Stiffeners (V.8.2.3)

:(cm4)‫( ﻣﻤﺎن اﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬1)

Iact = The combined moment of inertia of the end stiffener & the shell within a contributing
distance on one side of the stiffener. Roof portion shall not be considered, however a portion
of bottom plate (max. = 16 tb) may be taken.

:(mm2) ‫( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ رﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬2)

tb (mm) : Thk. of bottom plate under the shell, including C.A.

Xbtm (mm) : Length of bottom plate within ring region = 16 tb

Page 53 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد و زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬10-3

(5.11) ‫ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد‬ .1

Overturing Stability 1.1
Design Wind Pressure (5.2.1(k)) =
0.86 x (V / 190)² kPa (on vertical projected areas of cylindrical surfaces)
1.44 x (V / 190)² kPa (on horizontal projected areas of conical & doubly
curved surfaces)
V (km/hr): 3-sec gust wind speed (≈ 1.2 x fastest mile wind speed)

‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬.‫ اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬ASCE 7 (wind exposure Category C) ‫* ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

.‫ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‬ASCE 7 ‫ﺑﻪ‬

.‫( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬F.4.1 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬1.6 ‫ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ( از‬+‫* ﻧﻴﺎزي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )ﺑﺎد‬

:‫ ﻣﺨﺰن در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Anchorage ‫ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ‬،‫در ﺻﻮررﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮط ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Page 54 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫در ﺻﻮررﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ‪ Anchor Bolt‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= )‪The Velocity Pressure (5.9.7.1‬‬

‫)‪P = 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I G = 1.48 kPa (V in m/s‬‬

‫‪Sliding Stability‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس )‪ ، API-650 (5.11.4‬اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ‪ 0.4‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 55 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ )‪(App.E‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮو و ﮔﺸﺘﺎور زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻛﺪ ‪ ASCE 7‬ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ :SUG (Seismic Use Group‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ SUG I ،‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪) .‬دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

‫از ‪ I‬ﺗﺎ ‪ III‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫‪ :Site Class‬اﮔﺮ ﮔﺰارش دﻗﻴﻘﻲ از ﺧﻮاص ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼس ‪ D‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪) .‬دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎ‬

‫از ‪ A‬ﺗﺎ ‪ F‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺪ ‪ ASCE 7‬ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺪه اﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪Sp = Peak Ground Acceleration‬‬

‫‪SS = 2.5 SP‬‬
‫‪S1 = 1.25 SP‬‬

‫‪SDS = 2.5 Q Fa S0‬‬

‫‪SD1 = 2.5 Q Fv S1‬‬
‫‪Q = 2/3 (for ASCE 7 methods) , otherwise equals to 1.0‬‬
‫‪S0 = 0.4 SS‬‬
‫‪TS = SD1 / SDS‬‬
‫‪T0 = 0.2 TS‬‬

‫)‪Page 56 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫‪Av = 0.14 SDS : Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient‬‬
‫‪Ge = G (1-04 Av) : Effective S.G. including vertical seismic effects‬‬
‫‪0.578‬‬
‫= ‪ks‬‬ ‫‪Tc = 1.8 K s D (sec.) : 1st mode convective (sloshing) period‬‬
‫)‪tanh(3.68 H D‬‬

‫‪Rwi / Rwc : Force reduction factor for impulsive/convective mode‬‬

‫‪K = 1.5, unless otherwise specified : Adjusting coefficient‬‬

‫)‪TL = Regional-Dependent Transition Period for longer Period Ground Motion (E.4.6.1‬‬

‫رﻓﺘﺎري ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ داﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﻋﻤﻮدي در اﺛﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ G.W. Housner‬ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰن را ﺑﻪ دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ƒ‬ ‫‪The Impulsive Component (1) = Wi‬‬

‫ƒ‬ ‫‪The Convective Component (2) = Wc‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ اول‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺳﻴﺎل در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺰن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه ﻣﺨﺰن ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﭘﺮﻳﻮد ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ آن ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ دوم‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺳﻴﺎل در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺨﺰن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫در ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت آزاد ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﭘﺮﻳﻮد ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪي دارد‪.‬‬

‫اﻳﻦ دو ﺑﺨﺶ در ﺷﻜﻞ روﺑﺮو ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن‪ ،‬از رواﺑﻂ ذﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﺎور و ﻧﻴﺮوي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 57 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

Total Design Base Shear, V: V = Vi 2 + Vc2

Ai = max.(SDS I/Rwi , 0.007) : Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter

For site classes “E” & “F” : Ai ≥ 0.5S1 I/Rwi
Ac : Convective spectral acceleration parameter
If TC ≤ TL : Ac = KSD1 (1/TC) (I/Rwc) ≤ Ai
If TC > TL : Ac = KSD1 (TL /T2C) (I/Rwc) ≤ Ai

WP (N) : Total weight of content

Wi : Effective impulsive weight of the liquid
tanh(0.866 D / H )
If D/H ≥ 1.333 : Wi = WP
0.866 D / H
D
If D/H < 1.333 : Wi = (1 − 0.218 )WP
H
Wc : Effective convective weight of the liquid
D H
Wc = 0.23 tanh(3.67 )WP
H D
Wf (N) : Weight of the tank bottom
Ws (N) : Total weight of tank shell & appurtenances
Wr (N) : Total weight of fixed roof including framing, knuckels, any permanent attachment &
10% of the roof design snow load
Xs (m) : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the shell’s center of gravity
Xr (m) : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the roof & roof appurtenances C.G.
Xi : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral seismic
force related to the impulsive liquid force for ringwall moment
If D/H ≥ 1.3333 : Xi = 0.375 H
D
If D/H < 1.3333 : X i = (0.5 − 0.094 )H
H
Xc : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral seismic
force related to the convective liquid force for ringwall moment
⎧ H ⎫
⎪ cosh(3.67 ) − 1 ⎪
X c = ⎨1 − D
⎬H
⎪ 3.67 sinh(3.67 H ) ⎪
H
⎩ D D ⎭
Xis : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral seismic
force related to the impulsive liquid force for slab moment

Page 58 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ⎧ ⎛ D ⎞⎫
⎪⎪ ⎜ 0.866 ⎟⎪⎪
If D/H ≥ 1.333 : X is = 0.375⎨1 + 1.333⎜ H − 1⎟⎬ H
⎪ ⎜ tanh(0.866 D ) ⎟⎪
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟⎪
⎝ H ⎠⎭
D
If D/H < 1.333 : X is = (0.5 + 0.06 )H
H
Xcs : Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral seismic
force related to the convective liquid force for slab moment
⎧ H ⎫
⎪ cosh(3.67 D ) − 1.937 ⎪
X cs = ⎨1 − ⎬H
⎪ 3.67 H sinh(3.67 H ) ⎪
⎩ D D ⎭

:(E.6.1.5) ‫ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﺎور واژﮔﻮﻧﻲ در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻮرس از ﺷﻞ‬

Anchorage Ratio: (E.6.2.1.1.1)

:‫ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬،‫ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺠﺎز ﻓﻮق ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬wa ‫ اﮔﺮ‬:1 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬

wa = 201.1 HDGe , L = 0.035 D

wa (N/m) : Resisting force of tank contents per unit length of shell circumference
wt (N/m) : Tank & roof weight acting at base of shell

Page 59 of 100 (Rev.1)

wrs (N/m) : Roof load acting on shell including 10% of the specified snow load
Fy (MPa) : Min. specified yield strength of bottom annulus
ta (mm) : Corroded Thk. of the bottom plate under the shell (This term applies for self-anchored
tanks only).
L (m) : Required min. width of thickened annular ring measured from inside of the shell
Ls (m) : Selected width of annulus (bottom or thickened annular ring) to provide the resisting force
for self anchorage, measured from inside of the shell
:‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎي ﻓﻮق ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

:‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬wa ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻓﻮق ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬L ‫ از‬Ls ‫ اﮔﺮ‬:2 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬
wa = 5742 HGeLs

Dynamic Liquid Hoop Forces: (E.6.1.4)

:‫( ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل در اﺛﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬1)
If D/H ≥ 1.333:

If D/H < 1.333 & Y < 0.75D:

If D/H < 1.333 & Y ≥ 0.75D:

For all proportions of D/H:

(AvNh)2 = 0 :‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺮدن ﺷﺘﺎب ﻋﻤﻮدي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

Page 60 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Nh (N/mm) : Product hydrostatic membrane force
Ni (N/mm) : Impulsive hoop membrane force in tank shell
Nc (N/mm) : Convective hoop membrane force in tank shell
σh (MPa) : Product hydrostatic hoop stress in the shell
σs (MPa) : Hoop stress in the shell due to impulsive & convective forces of the liquid
σT (MPa) : Total combined hoop stress in the shell
Y (m) : Distance from liquid surface to analysis point (positive down)
t (mm) : Thk. of the shell ring under consideration

:‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬،E.6.2.4 ‫( ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬2)

Max. allow. hoop tension membrane stress = min.(1.33Sd of shell plate , 0.9FyE)
Fy (MPa) : min. (min. yield strength of the shell material , weld material)
E : Joint Efficiency

Max. Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress: (E.6.2.2)

1) E.6.2.2.1: For Self-Anchored tank

If there is no calculated uplift (J<0.785):

If there is calculated uplift (J>0.785):

2) E.6.2.2.2: For Mechanically-Anchored tank

3) E.6.2.2.3: Allowable Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress (Fc)

If GHD2/t2 ≥ 44 :
If GHD2/t2 < 44 :

Fc (MPa) : Allowable longitudinal shell compression stress at the bottom of the shell
σc (MPa) : Max. longitudinal shell compression stress at the bottom of the shell
Fty (MPa) : Min. specified yield strength of shell course
ts (mm) : Corroded Thk. of the bottom shell course
‫ اﺻﻼح ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬:3 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬

Page 61 of 100 (Rev.1)

‫)‪SELF-ANCHORED : (E.6.2.1.1‬‬
‫درﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ذﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰن ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ ‪ Anchorage‬در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻧﺪارد‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ ،E.7.1.1‬درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺨﺎزن در ‪ SUG III‬ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ‪ ،SDS ≥ 0.5g‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ‪Butt-welded‬‬
‫‪ Annular plate‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد و ﺟﻮش ﺷﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫)‪MECHANICALLY-ANCHORED : (E.6.2.1.2‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ‪ ،anchorage‬وزن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﻴﺎل ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺮوي وارد ﺑﺮ اﻧﻜﺮﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬در ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎوي در ﺑﻴﻦ اﻧﻜﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ PAB‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪⎛ 1.273M rw‬‬ ‫⎞‬

‫⎜ = ‪w AB‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪− wt (1 − 0.4 Av ) ⎟ + 0.4 × uplift * (N/m of shell circumference‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫⎠‬

‫⎞ ‪⎛ πD‬‬
‫⎜⎜ ‪Anchor Seismic Design Load: PAB = wAB‬‬ ‫)‪⎟⎟ (N‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ nA‬‬

‫* ﻧﻴﺮوي ‪ uplift‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪0.4‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪wAB (N/m) : Calculated design uplift load on anchors per unit length of circumferential length‬‬
‫‪nA : Number of equally-spaced anchors around the tank circumference‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﻜﺮ و ﻧﻴﺰ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺷﻞ و ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن‪:‬‬

‫=)‪Anchor Attachment Design Load (PA‬‬
‫)‪Min.(3 PAB , min. specified yield strength x as-built cross-sectional area of the anchor‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻧﻜﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺰاي اﻧﻜﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ذﻳﻞ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 62 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

Freeboard: (E.7.2)

The height of the sloshing wave above the product design height: δ s = 0.5DA f (m)

Af (%g): Acceleration coefficient for sloshing wave height calculation

Tank Uplift: (E.7.3.1)

The max. estimated uplift displacement at t he base of the tank shell for a self-anchored tank:

12.1Fy L2
yu = (mm)
tb

Page 63 of 100 (Rev.1)

Sliding Resistance: (E.7.6)
0.4 ‫ )ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن و ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﻬﺎر ﮔﺮدد‬
(.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The max. seismic base shear for a self-anchored tank:

Vs = μ (Ws + Wr + W f + W p )(1 − 0.4 Av ) (N)

For self-anchored tanks: V < Vs

Local Shear Transfer: (E.7.7)

0.4 ‫ )ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن و ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻣﻬﺎر ﮔﺮدد‬
(.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The peak local tangential shear per unit length:

2V
Vmax . = (N/m)
πD
Vallow. (N) = 80% of the weld or base metal yield stress

Page 64 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪ 11-3‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪Anchor Bolt‬‬

‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ‪ Anchorage‬داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ اﻧﻜﺮﺑﻮﻟﺖ ‪) (1”) 25.4 mm‬ﺑﺪون اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ‪ 3m‬و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد آن ﺑﺮ‬

‫اﺳﺎس)‪ API-650 (E.7.1.2‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 6‬و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس )‪ API-650 (5.12‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ اﻧﻜﺮﺑﻮﻟﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﻜﺮﺑﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻼب )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ J-shaped‬و ‪ (L-shaped‬و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬

‫اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬اﮔﺮ از ‪ C.S. Anchor Strap‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 6‬و ‪1.5‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Anchorage .4‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬارﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪول ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎر وارده ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ‪Anchor‬‬

‫‪tb = U / N‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪tb (N) = Load per Anchor‬‬

‫‪U (N) = Net uplift Load‬‬
‫‪N = Number of Anchors‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎس اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ‪ Anchor‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ‪ 5-21‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬

‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ ASME Sec.VIII, Div.2, App.4‬اﺳﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 65 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫‪ 12-3‬ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس )‪: (5.7.1‬‬

‫● ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﻣﻨﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻋﺪاد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﺪول ﻣﺤﺪود ﮔﺮدد و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Insert Plate -‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5-7B‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 3mm‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬
‫‪ Taper Transition 1:4‬در ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ‪ Insert Pl.‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 66 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺎزن اﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ اﺳﺘﻴﻞ )‪ (App.S‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ﺟﺪول ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 67 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 T~Me !>-6---0imension. /of Shell NOll"," 1mm (in .()
,-,
-...
Cd"",.. I C .......... l Col=l Co"""'" C.......... 6 Col=]< C~""""!' (0"""9'
"-
-.
0;......,,1 lo--r.hofSido M_ M"=o;,_ . ~"",_
n..,"",ol Hoto .. ofRoio!o<cinz W_o! 0;""",. m,." ofT..!, .. Coom ofN.. ,to
o;......" o! flm, .. N.. ,:. R.oonfuo,,,,,
,.,,
S!.o!l_to-fb ....
'TI
(!>;" 01 p;p. ,,-.Il' Roiof"' ....
,~
1'\.0",'""
,
1': . .. R. ....wT,l"" ~ ,~
,
N=lo) 00
'. c. l _ D. Hy
~F,""",
M !l!9.1 (.jJ) 1111(~S" 1l ml(Wl.) mO ( U 1) .\00(16) !l11 (11) m o (U'11l
U 6H(~
"
M U!7.6(-I4)
llJl (W IIl
1111 (-I4' 11l
2311 (92'1'>
1111 (81'1.)
l s.11 ( U1 )
1711 (107'1.)
.\00 (16)
175 (11)
!1J5 (10)
1115 (U )
l llO (W 101
llll (-I4':o1
!(I66.S (~ 1) 107O(~I" 1l !!71 (~ 1075 (~2'11l
"" I O I 6 (~ ) 10 19(.w'lo1
11 11 (8-1' 1.)
1010(80'1.>
1601 (101",)
I'll (9J'Io1
175 (11)
175 (11) 1!11 (...) !(I15 (W ,'o)
M 961.1 (18) %8(31','0) 1910 (16-'1.) llll (91'1, ) 150 (1') 10 75 (~ 1 ) 911 (ll ', o)
M 91 H (16) 9 IS(36','0) 1110 (11'1'> lm (U ) 1 50 (1~) !o15 (~ ) m (16" 01
M I6H(l~) 361(34' ,'0) !1.j1 (6I'I.) 1!!1(81' 1o) 115 (1l) 911 (J8) 111 (l ~l oJ

"" 111.1 (ll)

J61.0 (l0)
SI6(31','oJ
J65(30'10)
IMI (M'I.)
IJ.4I (W I'>
19'Jl (/I 'll)
1161 (ll' l,)
115 (1l)
300(1 1)
911 (J6)
111 (J ~)
11O(11 , oJ
'
77O(lo" oJ
M m .l ( 1) 7! 4 0I','oJ I.(.I<} (W I.) lJ~l (61' 1. ) 300(1 1) III ('l) J100l l oJ

" 660.' (>6) .... 0.','0) , ,",, (, , '1<) I." ("') '"" (" )
n o ('0) 670 (>O'i o)
6ll (, . ','0) 1111 ('~' lv
"
n
WHO')
\ll.IOI)
12 7(O.SO)
12 7(O.SO) 161 (21','0) 11\1(' 51/v
1111 (60)
I~l (1\'1, )
300 (12)
175 ( U)
JOO (8)
6SO (6)
6100') '0)
11001"0)
!o11 (~ l l ll)
"
M
WI.O(.'O)
41U (18)
12 7(O.SO)
12 7(O.SO)
l U 00'10)
;j(,() ( U','o) 9SO (Hl!V
1111 (SO'1l)
l! 60(~1'1o)
175 ( U)
150(10)
6000')
ISO Ol)
m 00"10)
.71 (11",)
ISO(lll!V
~"
M ·1(' U( 16) 12 7(O.SO) . ' 0 (16','0) lOll (W I. ) 150(10) 411 (16'10)
M llH( I.) 12 7(O.SO) 119 (14' 10) 7S009 1',) 911(J6) 150(10) 'SO(I8) HI ( I ~ J Io)
1~1 (ll l!,)
", 1ll.1 (11"0) 12 7(O.SO) 111 (11'1Il 681 ( 1) l-W (JJ) 115 (9) '1l (Il)

", 17J.0( 10'1o)

119.1 (l' lll
12 7(O.SO)
11 7(0.50)
lJ6 (10'1il
m (&,l.)
I I I (.'1)
'81 (19)
J1O(.'S" .)
\90 (.'3 'I.)
115 (9)
m oo
m (11)
m(13)
190( U' 1l)
2~(9' lv

, I6IJ (6'11l 10.9J (O. ~ l1 ) lJl (6'1.) @( IYlo) 491 (19' 'oJ m oo 111 (ll) 1OO(7'11l

, l! U (~ 1 1l) B6 (O.J l 7) llJ (. ' Ill 101 (12) l SI(ll" .) lJ5 (J) 11\(9) lSO(6)
JU (l l!,) H1 (03 OO) 91 (J':1l 161 (1011:1) JlI(13'I,) lJ5 (J) 100 (I)
,,
HI (1 '1.)

"
11','
60.3 O ', oJ
'8.3 (1.90)
5.s-I (O.1l8)
5.0& (0..'00)
610'Il)
1I0 )
150(6)
150(6)
m(l)
lSO(6)
,
.'
'I,'
lH ( U I5)
26.1 (1.01)
6.l1 (O.l W)
5.s-I (O.1l8)
n....dod oM Sodot·W.ldo<I c...,:"",
150(6)
150(6)
lSO(6)
lSO(6) ,
M !(IS.O (4.1SO) C....... !ll .l(" io)
1H (llill
111( 11 ' 1.0) 160(1." .) 11\(9)
,,
! ~I (l' lll

"
11//
76.1 (1.000)
61.50·100)
C-""'z
C""""",, 66.7 (." Ill
!1l (l)
lSO(6)
,,
.'
)1.'
....5 (1.110)
11 .0 (1 .175)
C-""'z
C-""'z
H 6( 1'11l
11 .1 ( Ill,)
III (I)
l OO(~ )

'1'", ox"" _",,,,,,, p;p., ,,, ... HM A 11 '" ... 100 !oo- _ ... n ""'Go,,",; J.ow......, P''''''' ...... ...1.."" """fono" U
"n.o..-.:; of ... ""n pl.", .!Wl bo >Uf'fk ..... ., , -..,. ... """""''''' pl.ot . .... "' .....-iJo d . .."". ~"'" tho p,h""", of tho .!Mil """''''.
• 'U""", _,..,'" _ u... by ... p",-,J","", . . . . . .<Io.!WJ bo Ioc......... ......... do,..... ru..!WJ oI-.o ..... ....... td,.,..,;.",~
ofl .73
~ Hx d.....<>oc> p-.,.";,,, ublo ... !oo- ~ ... <.mI. Jo--,,- oaIy; _ 5. J.J ., _ ...... """"""'" Hd,. 0.= uol do""",
'So. T.... 1_7, CoI=1
1fu"pd DOw., .... ",,~w.r. .. P'" ru.-,)..-ps 1 '" .....n.. J.o "",,...n.. ,,,,,!oo-<'" p!om. VI will bo ... .ti.o...... of ... l>olo .. tho "J,oll
p!»o, .... W.:o •• will bo " _ u... .. T.blo 1_1, c.......... 6. Koiofure'" plo"" ...,. bo ,.-Ad u tho «>m!ru<!,oo. ,Iouih <ompIy .,.;,0 " ..ro....
""u.lo Jo--~" ~
.... ~"" ...... SPS 1 ,..,.,.., " """,,.....,
""- Hl
Not •. So. f i p. \ _1.

Page 68 of 100 (Rev.1)

 _ J _I_ J_
_ 11__ 1

( Ta'l k bo1k1 m

Single Fla'lge
"--"~"'~OO:=,.~"~~~~~~ Special Fla'lge
REGULAR·TY PE FLANGED NOZZLES , NPS 3 OR LARGER
(Bdl holes sha l slraddle fia'lge coote ~i nes )

rl,·,· .... ,'

Ol ip

~~_~ (See Note 5)

Del,,;1a I b
LOW-TY PE FLANGED NOZZLES , NPS 3 OR LARGER
(Bo ll holes shal l sl radd le fiange coole ~i nes )

Table 5-14-Dimensions tor Flanged Root Nozzles (mm [in.])

Cohmm 1 Column :2 Cohmm3 Cohmm 4 Column ';
Diameter of Hole in Roof Plate MIllltnUIll Height Outsidt Diamtter of
Outside Diametff or Remforcwg Plate of Nozzle Remforcing Pl.1te-'
of Pipe Ned; Dp H, D,
48.3 (1.900) jOm 1~ (6) m (:5)

, 603 (2l/&) 65 ai/v 150 (6) 115 (7)

88.9(3 I/V 92 (is/&) 150 (6) 225(9)

4 114.3 (4Il v 120 (45/s) 1jO (6) 215(11)

, 1683 (~/&) 170 (6-il v 150 (6) m(l 5)

• 219.1 (85/a) 22S (8 7/a) 150 (6) 4jO(18)

10 273.0(10l/'> 280 (II) 200 (8) jj(l (22)

11 323.8 (1}l/.i) 330 (13) 200 (8) 600 (24)

Table 5-13-DimensIonS for Roof Manholes (mm ~n.])

Coltmlll 1 Column 2 Coltmlll 3 Coltmlll4 Column 5 Column 6 Coltmlll 7 Column 8 Column 9

Di~ter of
Hole in Roof Outside
Diameter Diameter Plate or Diameter of
Diameter of Co\"i!r of Boh Diameter of Ga.d:et Reinforcing Rt:inforcing
Size of of NKl: Plate Circle Number Plate Plate
Mauhole lD' Dc D, ofBolt~ Inside Outside Dp D,
500(20) 500 (20) 660 (26) 597 (23 1/iJ 16 500 (20) 600(26) 524 (lOS/a) 1050 (42)
600(24) 600 (24) 762 (0) 699 (27 1/iJ 20 600 (24) 762 (0) 625 (24 5/a) 11 50(46)

~Pipe may be- used for necl:, providing the minimum nominal waIl thKkntss i i 6 mm (1{04 in.). (1D and Dp shall be adjusted accordingly.)
Ko:e: See Figure 5- 18.

Page 69 of 100 (Rev.1)

 _.
f-- :'"- "-.y"

-, I~ - ImmVrlfl
'--Rcofp
-,
Allitmatiy.
NOCk -10 "'-oof-PI>II.

-D~ -

NOl2lE WITH REI'*ORCNG PlAn; BASE FOR NOUl.E WITHOUT REI NFORCING PlATE
'''''''''&
t'o ... , \\1>fn m. roofnorn. ,, ~ for m. tw.k dWI ~ trun:IIlOd fh><.h "~th m. roofliDo
Figure 5-19-Flanged Roof Nozzles (See Table 5- 14)

16""" (~.·)dIotMW..,.. n 19""" (~.')

.......... 1>oIoo(_T_!>- 1 31<><~
01 tJoill; ..,.l>0l00 _ ..._ <"""_ )

,-

- -- -----~~~~~~~ ---------J
1,'--- 0,. 10 .~

SECTION A-A-ROOf' w.NHOle WTrH REltlfORCItlG PlA~

Page 70 of 100 (Rev.1)

Combined water draw-off & clean-out sump:

As per prEN-14015, this combination shall not be used in tanks where the shell plate thickness
exceeds 20 mm.

Page 71 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Rectangular Roof Openings (5.8.6)
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ و ﻧﻮر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬24” x 36” ‫در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﻬﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‬
.‫آﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

,
\V
TW ica l

X;+
U )-I 1-" ~ 1'1 ',<k" I
Section A.A, Typical

"'-..~ a a ,0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ;----1
0 ~
0 ' J
0
125 mm (5")
lW ica l
0 1\ 'J Typic,"

0
0
/ ' oc" ~ ,,,,", "'''~,
0 0

1800 mm
, Excepl lOf hand les , CO\Ie< 0
,
0 t
(6') rna>: t plate 001 shown.
L
• __ •
V ------------------------------------ e- J

,
0 0
16 mm (s,,") d iamela r rod,

0 0 0
J0 0 0
4 piaoos

0 0 0 0
0

1-------900 mm (3') mal< ------1

",L Nola 3

==1============ Roof p..te

38 mm (IS) x 38 mm (1 .5") x 6 mm (" .) lab

Section B·B
6 mm (" ' ) ",;mOfdng plaia , when "'qu r oo . See Nola 4 .

Note s
1. Weld size shall be the smaller 01 the plate thicknesses being joined.
2. Cove< may be either parallel 10 roof or horizoo~ . Opening may be oriented as desired_
3 . Bolts shall be 1&-mm (5/s-in .)diamel'" in 2O-mm (3J.-in .) hole5, which shall be equaly spaced and shal not exceed 125-mm (5 in .) on cenle<
4 . When required, p<ovide fi.-mm (11, _in .) reinforcing plate. WidID al least 1/] smallest opening dimension . RO<K>d outside C0Jnef5 with 75 mm
(3 in .) cadi"" minimum . Seams shall be squa re groove 00tI-W<!1ded

Figure 5-17---Rectangular Roof Openings with Flanged Covers

Page 72 of 100 (Rev.1)

Page 73 of 100 (Rev.1)
 ‫* ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ ، prEN-14015‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﺎزل ﺗﻨﺶ زداﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪2.5 x (Nozzle inside radius x Nozzle wall thk.)0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(mm‬‬

‫)‪Page 74 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم ‪ -‬ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ‪TANK‬‬

‫‪ 1-4‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ …‪ ،Tools/Configuration‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮه اي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ Configuration‬ﺑﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Roof Projection in Wind Moment‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺑﺎد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Generate Message File‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫داده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺣﺪس و ﺧﻄﺎ در روش ‪ Variable Design Point‬و‬
‫اﻳﻨﺘﺮﭘﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮن ﮔﺮاﻓﻬﺎ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﺲ از اوﻟﻴﻦ اﺟﺮا در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪Tools/File Review/Message File‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Corroded Nozzles‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ API-650 App. P‬را در ﺷﺮاﺋﻂ ﺧﻮرده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪653 Corroded Hydrotest Case‬‬

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪ API 653‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎت ‪ Hydrostatic Test‬در‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Modify Fluid Height by Pressure‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ وارد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Full Shell Weight in App F‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ App. F‬وزن ﺷﻞ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده ﻧﺸﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Shell Thickness Convergence Tolerance‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﺋﻲ در روش ‪ .Variable Design Point‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮض ‪ 0.005 in‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Cosine Curve Tolerance‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺸﺪار ﺗﻠﺮاﻧﺲ ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﺋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮس ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪. API-653 App. B‬‬

‫‪Cosine Curve Iteration Limit‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﺪس و ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺗﺤﺖ ‪API-653 App. B‬‬

‫‪Wind Girder Shell Thickness‬‬

‫در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ ، Wind Girder‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻞ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪ Max .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده ﻧﺸﺪه و ‪ Design‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮرده ﺷﺪه را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 75 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫‪Shell Settlement Method‬‬
‫دو روش ‪ FOURIER SERIES‬و ‪ LEAST SQUARES‬ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ‪ Out-of-Plane Shell Deflection‬در‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮس ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ‪.API-653 App. B‬‬
‫‪Thickness Roundup to Nearest‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ورق ﻋﺪدي در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣـﻀﺮب ﻋـﺪد‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪد ‪ 0.2 mm‬را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻞ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪ 8.613‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 8.8 mm‬را ﻛﻪ ﻣﻀﺮﺑﻲ از ‪ 0.2‬ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺖ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Plate Material Density‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎل ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده )ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ اﺳﺘﻴﻞ ‪( 0.2836 lb/in³‬‬
‫‪Round Anchor Bolts by ...‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ وارد ﻛﺮدن ﻋﺪد ‪ ، 4‬ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﻜﺮﺑﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ را ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻀﺮب ‪ 4‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Wind Moment in App F‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﻛﺪام ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز )‪ App.F (F.4.2‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪- Section 5.9.7.1: Wind Girder Design (default‬‬

‫‪- Section 5.11: Overturning Stability‬‬

‫‪General Tank Data 2-4‬‬

‫‪API Design Code‬‬
‫‪ : 650‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺪ ‪ Design‬و ‪Analyze‬‬

‫‪: 653‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪ ‪Analyze‬‬

‫‪Run Objective‬‬
‫‪ : Design mode‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي ﺗﺴﺖ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬اداﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪: Analyze mode‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ‪ ،‬اداﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Design Temp./Design Press. at Top‬‬

‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪ / 260 ºC‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ‪17.2 kPa‬‬

‫‪Tank Nominal Dia./Shell height‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺎر ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ ‪ /‬ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺨﺰن‬

‫‪Design Liquid Level‬‬

‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل‬

‫‪Weight of Attachments/Structures‬‬
‫وزن ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت روي ﺳﻘﻒ و ﺷﻞ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ Uplift‬و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 76 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫‪Distance Down to Top Wind Girder‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ‪ ، 5.9.4‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻨﺎور ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﺑﺪون ﺳﻘﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ 1.1‬ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Joint Efficiency‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮارد ‪ API-653, App.A, App.S‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دارد‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ‪ API-650‬ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮارد‬

‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮر‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ 1‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪Default Shell Course Material/Number of Shell Courses‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻮرﺳﻬﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﭘﺮوژه‪ ،‬اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪Shell Courses‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ وارد ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪Include Annular Base Plate‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ‪ Annular‬ﺑﺮاي ورق ﻛﻒ‬

‫‪Include Wind Moment Calc. in App.F.4.2‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﺑﺎد در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت )‪App.F (F.4.2‬‬

‫‪API-653 Min. Thk. Preference‬‬

‫‪ :API-653, 4.3.3‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪D ≤ 60 m‬‬

‫‪ : Entire Shell Course Evaluation‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻮرﺳﻲ از ﺷﻞ‬

‫‪ : Local Area of Shell Only‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮرس )ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺎزل‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮه(‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ D > 60 m‬از روش ‪ Variable Design-Point‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫* ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Wind Details‬ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 10-3‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Roof Specification Parameters 3-4‬‬

‫‪Roof Type‬‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن‪:‬‬
‫‪1. Column-Supported Cone Roof‬‬
‫‪2. Rafter-Supported Cone Roof‬‬
‫‪3. Self-Supported Cone/Dome/Umbrella Roof‬‬
‫‪Angle Between Roof & Horizontal‬‬
‫زاوﻳﻪ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction (A‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ در دﺳﺘﺮس در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺷﻞ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻓﺸﺎري‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 77 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫‪Thk. of Roof Pl. / C.A.‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ورق ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ( ‪ /‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ورق ﺳﻘﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪Live Load/Weight of Snow‬‬

‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ‪ /‬ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ روي ﺳﻘﻒ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ در ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ General Roof Data-No Design‬ﻓﻘﻂ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎي ‪ Self-Supported‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Preferred Rafter/Girder/Column Type‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﺮاﻛﭽﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ‪ database‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Tools/Conf.‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Max. Allowed Rafter/Girder Length‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ‪ Rafter‬ﻫﺎ و ‪ Girder‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ’‪ 20-24‬و ’‪ 24-30‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺪوده اول ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺎع داﻳﺮه ﮔﺬرﻧﺪه از ‪ Girder‬ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﺪوده دوم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ Girder‬ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ردﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Rafter‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در راﺑﻄﻪ ذﻳﻞ ﺻﺪق ﻛﻨﺪ )‪:(5.10.4.4‬‬

‫)‪Page 78 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫‪Seismic Data Specifications 4-4‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 10-3‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Min. Yield Strength of Bottom Pl./Weld Material‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺟﻮش ‪ /‬ورق ﻛﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ" زﻳﺮ ﺷﻞ ﻗﺮار دارد )اﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪Bottom Plate Thk. (tb‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﻛﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ" زﻳﺮ ﺷﻞ ﻗﺮار دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪Friction Factor‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﺤﻜﺎك ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰن و ﻓﻨﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪ 0.4‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Initial Anchorage Type‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﻪ ‪.Anchorage‬‬

‫‪Earthquake Type/Site Class‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ" ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ‪ E.4.1‬از روش ‪ Mapped‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫** در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻼس ‪ F‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ‪ Site-Specific‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف ‪ E.4.2‬رﺟﻮع ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪Appendix I-Grillage Review 5-4‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 2-3‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Appendix P-Nozzle Stiffnesses 6-4‬‬

‫‪Delta Temperature‬‬

‫‪∆T = Normal Design Temp. – Installation Temp.‬‬

‫‪Modulus of Elasticity/Expansion Coefficient‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ذﻳﻞ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﻪ روز ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Page 79 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

‫?‪Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﻧﺎزل‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Shell‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق‬
‫ﺷﻞ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﺎزل و ﻗﻄﺮ آن دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎزل اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Nozzle RePad Thk.‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ وارده ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ App.P‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﺪدي درج ﻧﮕﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪Nozzle Weight‬‬
‫وزن ﻧﺎزل در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت وزﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﻞ اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Applied Ext. Radial Force (FR)/Circ. Moment (MC)/Long. Moment(ML‬‬

‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﭘﺎﻳﭙﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي ‪ App.P‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از‬
‫‪ API-650, P.2.7.2‬در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي اﺷﻜﺎل ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﭙﻴﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Use PVP-1279 for Stiffness‬‬

‫روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺎن ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺎزل‪.‬‬

‫‪Appendix M-Cycle Life 7-4‬‬

‫اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ )‪ (App.M‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎي زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻴﻦ ورق ﻛﻒ و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮرس ﺷﻞ‬
‫وﺟﻮد دارد‪ .‬در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ذﻳﻞ‪ ،‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﺷﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﻴﺎل و ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎي دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 80 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

Fill Height Difference
H = Full Level – Low Level
Temperature Difference

T = Max. Design Temp. – Min. Amb. Temp.

Factor B
Foundation Factor
= 2 (tanks on earth foundation) , 4 (tanks on earth foundation with a concrete ringwall)
Factor C
= 0.85 (if not specified by the purchaser)

Factor K

Page 81 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫‪External Pressure 8-4‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 9-3‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪API-2000 Data 9-4‬‬

‫‪Emptying/Filling Rate‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮخ ورود و ﺧﺮوج ﺳﻴﺎل ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ دﺑﻲ ﻫﻮا‪.‬‬

‫‪Liquid Flash/Boiling Point‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ‪ Venting‬ﻳﻜﻲ از دو ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬دﻣﺎي ﻣﺮزي ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ Flash‬و ‪Boiling‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪ 37.8 ˚C‬و ‪.148.9 ˚C‬‬

‫‪Environmental Factor‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ‪ 4‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ API-2000‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Page 82 of 100 (Rev.1‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ – ﺟﺪاول و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬

Floating Roof Tanks

Roof section is floating on the stored product, and
sealing device is installed on the peripheral space
between roof and shell plate to prevent the stored
product from vaporization. This type of tank is
suitable for storage of high volatile products such as
crude, gasoline, naphtha, etc.

Cone Roof Tanks

Tanks with conical fixed roofs are commonly used for
storing low volatile products such as heavy oil,
kerosene, diesel oil, water, etc.

Dome Roof Tanks

Reference and characteristics of dome roof tank is
the spherical surface of roof which have severe
strength to the tank internal pressure. This type of
tanks is applicable to volatile products, and N2 gas
blanket system is commonly installed when high-
volatile product is stored.

Spherical Tanks
Products which are gases at normal atmospheric
temperatures and pressures, such as butadiene,
butane, and many other petrochemical products are
stored most economically in spherical pressure
tanks.

Double Shell Spherical Tanks

This type of sphere consists of inner sphere and
outer sphere, is used to store liquefied gas such as
ethylene, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. at cryogenic
temperatures. The space between inner and outer
sphere is insulated with perlite.

Page 83 of 100 (Rev.1)

Horizontal Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
This type of tanks is used to store the liquefied
products which are gases at normal atmospheric
temperatures and pressures, and suitable for
relatively small capacity(less than 100m3).
Commonly, this unit is fully assembled at fabrication
shop and delivered to the site.

Flat-bottomed Cylindrical Double Shell Storage

Tanks with PC/RC Outer Wall
This storage unit consists of an inner tank with 9%
nickel alloy steel or aluminum material, and an outer
tank with Pre-stressed Concrete or Reinforced
Concrete. The space between inner and outer tank is
insulated with loose perlite and fiberglass blanket.
This type of tank is suitable for the cryogenic storage
product such as LNG, LPG and Ethylene. Storage
temperature is under -100 Celsius.

Flat-bottomed Cylindrical Double Shell Storage

Tanks with Metal Outer Wall
Basic structure is same as the above, but carbon
steel plate is used for outer tank. This type of tank is
suitable for the low temperature storage product such
as LNG, LPG and Ethylene.

Flat-bottomed Cylindrical Single Shell Storage

Tanks
This type of storage tank has the basic construction
of ordinary dome roof tanks. The outer surface of
shell and its adjoining area is insulated against heat
leak and humidity penetration with polyurethane
foam, foamglass or similar materials. This unit can be
used to store liquefied gases such as butane and
ammonia, which have a relatively high critical
temperature.

Page 84 of 100 (Rev.1)

Page 85 of 100 (Rev.1)
 f!f~ ! .F H
"anoo.. ,., ... ,

.--

Page 86 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Table S-2-Allowable Stresses for Plale Ring Flanges

AttowableStre5s (In MPa IpsI)) for "'axlmum ~Ign Tempewure NO( Exceeding (S,l'
Min . \1eld MilL Tensl:e
40°C (100' F) 9(I'C (ZOO ' F) 150T (300° F) 200T (400°F) 260' C (500°F) 5, Ambient
'""
'"'
lvIPa (psi)
20~ (30.000)
MPa (psi)
~1~ (7~.OOO) I~~ (22. 500) 100 (22. 500) 140 (20.300) 128 (IS.GOO) 121 (17.500) 186 (27.(100)

304l 170 (25.1)00) 485 (70.000) 145 (21.000) 132 (19.ZOO) 119 (17.200) 109 (15.800) 101 (14.700) 155 (22500)

316 205 (30.1)00) 515 (75.000) ISS (22. 500) 155 (22. 500) 145 (21.COO) 133 (19.300) 123 (17.900) 186 (27.(100)

316l 170 (25.1)00) 485 (70.000) 145 (21.000) 131 (19.000) 117(17.COO) 107 (15.500) iI9 (14.300) 155 (22500)

317 205 (30.1)00) 515 (75.000) ISS (22. 500) 155 (22. 500) 145 (21.COO) 133 (19.300) 123 (17.900) 186 (27.(100)

317l 205 (30.1)00) 515 (75.000) ISS (22. 500) 155 (22. 500) 145 (21.000) 133 (19.300) 123 (17.900) 186 (27.(100)

NO(es:
I. Sd may be InlelpOlated bet\\l'ffi ten1J8'ltures.
· 2. The desl~n stress5hal1 be !he lesser d"0.3 of the minimum te:r;lles.trenWh or 0.9 of the minimum yield stren)1l.h. The factor of 0.9 of yield
correspoods 10 a pefmanent strain of 0.10%. 'When a lower Ie\'€l of permanent straln I, desll"l'll . the Purchaser shall specify a l"l'Iluced )1eld
factor In aa:(roance with Table Y-2 cf ASME Sectloo II . Part D. Theyleld values at the different m.axlmum design temperatures can be
obtained from Table 5-5.
· 3. For dual ·cen,fled materials (e.g.. ASTM A 182M1A 182 Type 304Lf.l(4). u~ the attcwable5lressofthe grade specified by the Purchllser.

Table S-S-Yield Strenglh Values in MPa (psi)

Yield Strength (In " IPa Ipsl)) for Maximum Design Ten1J8'lture Nct Exceeding
40'C (toO°F) OO' C (2oo' F) 150'C (300°F) 200'C (400°F) 200'C (500°F)
'""
30' 205 (30.1)00) 170 (25.000) 155 (22. 500) 143 (20.ioo) 134 (19.400)
304l 170 (25.000) 148 (21.400) 132 (19.ZOO) 121 (17.500) 11 3 (16.400)
316 205 (30.000) 178 (25.800) 161 (2 3.300) 148 (21.400) 137 (19.900)
316l 170 (25.000) 145 (21.1 oo) 130 (18.900) 119 (17.200) 110 (15.900)
317 205 (30.000) 179 (25.900) 161 (2 3.400) 148 (21.400) 138 (20.000)
317l 205 (30.000) 179 (25.900) 161 (2 3.400) 148 (21.400) 138 (20.000)

NO(es:
I. Interpolate bENl'ffi ten1Jl"fJtures.
2. Reference: Table Y-l of ASME Sectlon II . Part D.

Table S-6-Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature

Maximum ~Ign Temperature

(e" IOFI) NO( Exceeding Modulus ofElastclty (1o;1Pa Ipsl])
40 (100) 193.000 (28.000.0c0)
9(1 (200) 189.000 (2 i.4oo.0c0)
150 ('300) 183.000 (26.6OO .0c0)
ZOO (400) 180.000 (26.1 oo.0c0)
260 (500) 174.000 (25. ZOO .0c0)

Note: Inta-polate bet\\een temperatures.

Page 87 of 100 (Rev.1)

• •
I I
I - - ••~:=::
I =:::::,
i -;-=~ I,
<::-1-
0"""

,i ~i I
I I,

,i
I ----';;;~
I ,i

,i I
I ,i
I
I ':.::" _ . . _ n
, ,i
I
I, ! I
!

I,
'll
i !
I
I I,
I, I
I I,
,
"i

Page 88 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Table 5-7a-Dimensions for Shell Nozzles : Pipe, Plate, and Welding Schedules (mOl)
Colu!lm 1 Coluwn2 Column 3 Column 4 Col\lJllD. 5 Columu6
~1inimum Pipe Wall ~'laxinnuu DlametEr of Size of Fillet Weld .1
Thicl.:lli!.SS ofSheU md Thiclm.1!S5 of Fl..:mged Hole in Shell Plm·
RBMmring Plat..a Nozzles.b (D,) Equili OuEide Size of Fillet Nozzles Luge:r'Tha.n NPS 3/4 to 2
rand T r, Diimetuof Pipe P ~ WeldB NPS 2 Nozzles
II 16 5 6 6
6 13 16 6 6 6
& II 16 8 6 6
10 13 16 10 6 6
II 13 16 II 6 6
12.5 II 16 13 6 8
14 13 20 14 6 &
16 II 20 16 8 8
17 13 20 1& 8 &
20 II 20 20 8 8
21 13 20 21 10 &
22 II 20 22 10 8
24 II 20 24 10 &
25 II 20 25 II 8
27 14 20 27 II 8
2& 14 20 2& II 8
30 16 20 30 13 8
32 16 20 32 13 8
l3 18 20 13 13 8
35 18 20 35 14 &
36 20 20 36 14 8
3& 20 20 40 14 &
40 21 20 40 14 8
41 21 20 40 16 &
43 22 20 40 16 8
45 22 20 40 16 &

i1ff a :s.hEill pht~ ibicker th.a:u RqUiI-ed is used fur the product and by(b:ostIt1c loacEng (see 5.6), the exr.ess sbe-ll-plate ibi.ck!l.8s., ,..,-ii:hin a vertical
distance bo<h ..bo\'l! and below tbe eeweIiiue of the ho!!! in the tank shell plate equal to Ihe \"t!ltical dimension of tho! hole in the tank shell plate,
lllJ:y be c-oruidered as reinforceme!!.t, md the thiclmess T of the nm::zte reinforcin ~ pb te may be decreased 3ocordingly. In suc-b C3Se5;, th.i!
reinfoI'CemEDI 2lld the attacbmew: welding:ilia..ll c.onfunn to the desi.gn limit; for I-e.inforcemeu': of shell. openings ~ified in 5.7.2.

Orbis-col\n.n.n applies to NPS 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 2&, and 26 flanged l1OZ.zle'~ See 4.5 forplping lUaTeri:ds.
CN"ot e: SIOo!! fi~1rt! 5-8.

Specific gravity = weigh t of a unit volume of liq u id at 60°F

weigh t of a unit volume of water at 60°F

TABLE 1 ,1 Specific Gravity of Liquids

Liquid Sp. gr. Liquid Sp. gr. Liquid Sp. gr.

Acetic acid 1.06 Fluoric acid 1.50 Petroleum oil 0.82
Alcohol , commercial 0.83 Gasoline 0.70 Phos phoric acid 1.78
Alcohol, pure 0.79 Kerosene 0.80 Rape oil 0.92
Ammonia 0.89 Linseed oil 0.94 Sulfuric ac.id 1.84
Benzene 0.69 Mineral oil 0.92 Tar 1.00
Bromine 2.97 Muriatic acid 1.20 Turpentine oil 0.87
CarboHc acid 0.96 Naphtha 0.76 Vinegar 1.08
Carbon disulfide 1.26 Nitric acid 1.50 Water 1.00
Cottonseed oil 0.93 Olive oil 0.92 Water, sea 1.03
Ether, sulfuric 0.72 Pa lm oil 0.97 Whale oil 0.92

Page 89 of 100 (Rev.1)

 Table 5-2~ PIaIe Materials a-.d AJowabIe Slresses (MP a)

",
spo<;J;" """ ~,.
M ..==
¥ ;.:.! sU' or.l>
Mmim=.
T.. <il.~
,-
OO"",S"'''''
Hydrooutio
T"" s"""s,

"q ,.
ASn! spo<;J;" "",,,
m
AlIlM (AlIl)
A l I5M (A l I5) "q .,"' ,. m '"
'"
no
A il lM (A il l) A,B,n
(A,B,n)
~
'" '"
A l6~! (A )6)
'" ~
'"
,. '"
lIO
A lll M (A lll ) II! l6 (l'H l6)
'" ,~

A lJlM (A lJJ)
A lJlM (A lJJ)
.\OO(ll)
~ 5O (6l) ,.
1,0
,.
~
,.'" '"
U"
A lJJM (A lJJ)
Al!6M (Al!6)
U5 (70)
lW(5l) .,m ,.;;,". '"
m
m

'"
,. '. ,.'"
1,0
Al!6~I (Al!6) ~ !5(60)
'"
U"
Al!6~I (Al!6) ~ 5O(6l)

,.
'. ,.'"
m
Al t6M (Al t6) m(70)

"., m '"
A 661M (A 661)

"q m ~ Il '
'"'
m
A 661M (A 661)
] (I) ,w '" m
All7M (AlJ7)
'" '"
All7M (AlJ7) '0;
'" ". 1:>0 116
m
A 6Jl~1 (A 6JJ) C,D(C.D)
"' '"' '"
".
". m
A 6JIM (A 6JI) A(A)
"' '"
A 6JIM (A6JI) "., '" 1:>0 116
A 7l7M(A 7J7) "., '" ~ Il '

'W
'" m
m
A a..< IM (Aa..< 1)
A a..< I M (A a..< l )
am] (Cl"" 1)
elm 1 (C]"" 1) '" ".
'"
'" nASpo<,50.tiom
1:>0 116

;;" m
(,.!{l.1! 160W (ll'W)
,.
'W
'"
". U"
(,.!{l.ll )OOW (.... 'W) m
'"'
(,.!{l.ll
(,.!{l.11
J50WT (5OW1")
llOW (5O'W) ""
""
,. m
U"
~

'"
N. oooW 5, .00-.0,
no m
III
o. '" '"
'"
m
~
'" '"
nl
IS0610
'W
'" '"
;;"
I nl
I l\l
C"
C" '"
"' ,~ ,.
'" '"
lIO
• ' By ..... moo, bo1 ....... 1Iw 1>=0.."" md 1Iw 11"",£0",,.,.., <bo ,,,,,;]0 ",,,,.. m..w..=
h ,f!l.o" .""" .. h ...,. .. """ . ,.. ' 0 l15 MF.
md 6:>0 MF. mu"" .... (md ' ,lll MP••" ....._ ... 690 MF. m.,,,,,,,,,,, fo< ASn! A 11Th( CLm 1"" A 6JI..\I, c...do 9). W1>oo tlri,
;, ..... , !I.o . il .... blo ,,"',., ,...ll bo ..... omm.d " ".. O<! .. 1.6.1 1 ...d l .6.1.1

Page 90 of 100 (Rev.1)

Page 91 of 100 (Rev.1)
~:~ , ,

...............
~:~
, , ~ ,

-. ""'" _
,_. . _.""_n. . .__
..._ "'-""""""""' ........ -
>,._""_. ____
,
f, _ _ _ T, _ oc.>..- ... _

--,,-
--
--
----
--"""'--'
--~
"" """"-
"""""'-
' "'
~«

,
"''',
'"'
T,

'I, '.

F9n . _ ,~ TlicInoso lrx mpoa T." Dooo<m",,"'" ct SIIIMI " " _ or>l MIttJoIo
Mot_is... ...·· ·')

Page 92 of 100 (Rev.1)

.........,., spacing _
_ _ _ or 'I> .....
opeoirog, -
be 5 lime> .....
,-..~

...... ~
... r Seo5.7.3

PENETRATlON WlTHOlJT RIO N'ORCIIlG PlATE

Mini'Tun opa<ing _ be 5 ............

[ 1. 01 ___ r. Seo 5 .7.3

>hoi _
openi'lg, _
or 'I>'" radius 0I1ho
is I. ..

_ Ijoin!

Toeol _

PENETRATlON wrrn REINfORClIlG PlATE

Figure S-9-------Minimum Sp3cing of Welds and Extent 01 Related R;odiograph<c Examination

Page 93 of 100 (Rev.1)

 " "

e , ,
,
--
-
Not<
R_MH N - R'ini=«lOp<ning (lll1lIholo OC oozm ...ith di>mot>:I.o..p. ""nfomnl pit .., ... FigtR'l J.-7A ond l -i).
lTIt_:<! - low_Type R<ini~ ()p<nillj! (man!>ol< or =zl< ~-nb tcmW""" "'""" ~inB pl.t" .... F'l= l -i, o...il. mol bl.
R_N - Rtin!or~ Oponing (m.InhoI< or no.zzl< ...i th ci=Jlu ""nfore:",!! pllt. or tIlICk....d in"", P""_... Fogo= l -i).
SoN - Noo-Rtinfo~ Opemn,o; (mlnhol< oc nozzlo m""'<l .,' 0 tho ""'ll p<r tho olt""'''l>Kl Offioil ofFigur< J.- 7B)

;;;:::;::;;;;;:
DB 75 = 0 in)
orl lf.r
HJJ 75 mm Oin.)
for S_N
HJJ
HH
HH

Hll .b

DB

DB

HJJ
HH

HJJ 75 mm (J in)
0<2 \1"
DB 75 mm Oin.)
for S_N
HJJ
HH
HH

or """''''-t ld) ••, , . '1

Figure 5-&----Minimum Weld Requirements 10< Openings in Shells Accord ing to 57.3

Page 94 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ,, ~'"

_., J
1

--
"-'''"''''-'''' _____ ...
'." ........, .. ''''''' ' '''_
_ · ""_ ~_~ """ ~"''''''''''''''d

Page 95 of 100 (Rev.1)

 '.
'. _R \ ~,,"_of onglo_
Doll" Dotall b 0.1111<

!t, m...

'. '. '.

DoIalid 00<0111 Dotall g

, '.
,~--!'~mu""'--li,-- '.
j
0011111 Dotallk
- '.
~ . -....<I~ ...., "'" _n-m.m_ rI~_,

Ro _.-..-..rI __
'. _ -""<lbo<, _ O.3(R,t.J'-' or :JOO ...... (12 ... l. _ isles>,
~ _ -....oI_pI3le,
R, _ ....." "' ..... fIOImIII., ..... fOCI, ,...,.....«I fran .....

-.
'• • -...sol_piale,
t. - -.... <I hd<enod pIote "' ""'"'-
. ., . ........,....,_of~_ ,
-
_ceru<lineof""'_,
R,,~ .., e)
• 0.6 (Rot.".' , Yohe<e, • ~ or " ...
);01 .. :
I AD d."..,,,,,,,. m:I obi,."..."" If< in mm (in.)
1 ~B indmi bb , ,,d.ond,,,, O ~B£ j

FiQure F-2'- PemlOssible Details of Compress"" Rinqs

Page 96 of 100 (Rev.1)

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ – واژه ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

As-Rolled Plate:
It refers to the unit plate rolled from a slab or directly from an ingot. It does not refer to the condition of the
plate.

Annular Bottom Ring:

Butt-welded plates under the shell that is sometimes thicker than the remainder of the bottom. It strengthens
the structural area of the bottom in order to prevent bottom-to-shell seam failure.

Annular Space (Rim Space):

Horizontal space between the outer rim of floating roof & the tank shell. It must be wide enough for the roof
to move up & down without hanging up on the shell.

B/SD @ 60ºF:
Barrels per Stream Day: This is the throughput during a 24-hour period when a unit is operating at its design
capacity.
Throughput: The volume of feed stock charged to process equipment per unit of time.
Stream Day: A 24-hour operating day of a refinery process unit.

Backing Strip:
A thin strip of metal placed on the backside of 2 plates to be butt welded, where a full penetration butt weld is
required & access is available to one side only.

Bleeder Vent:
Device incorporated in a floating cover to permit release of gas from under the floating cover during tank
filling & to allow air to pass back through the floating cover when draining product when floating cover is
stationary on its support legs.

Brittle Fracture:
It is the tensile failure of a material showing little deformation or yielding. It is so important in material
selection considerations.

Bund Wall:
A low construction of earth or concrete surround the storage tank, at a considerable distance from the tank, to
contain spilled liquid.

Cathodic Protection:
Use of the electric current to inhibit corrosion Most common uses are to prevent stockside pitting &
underside corrosion on the bottom.

Charpy V-Notch Impact Test:

CVN Test is a dynamic test in which a notched specimen is struck & broken by a single blow in a specially
designed testing machine. The measured test values may be the energy absorbed, the percentage shear
fracture, the lateral expansion opposite the notch, or a combination thereof.

Corrosion Rate:
It is specified as mils per year of metal loss and is applied to both pitting & general thinning. Typical
corrosion problems are controlled by additional corrosion allowance & by coatings (i.e. pitting rates for crude
oil tanks can be as high as 50 mpy). High temperature accelerates the corrosion rate.

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Differential Settlement:
Settling of one part of a tank shell more than another part. From a stress standpoint, larger differential
settlements can be tolerated by the cone-up bottom.

Earthquake Rods:
Steel rods installed between rafters (circumferentially) on a cone roof for the purpose of preventing the roof
from twisting.

Elevation above Sea Level:

It directly affects the true vapor pressure limitation placed on stocks stored in atmospheric tankage. At sea
level, the max. allowable true vapor pressure is 13 psia. For each 1,000 ft elevation above sea level, this value
must be reduced by 0.5 psi.

Flash Point:
The min. temperature at which there is sufficient vapor generated to allow ignition of the air-vapor mixture
near the surface of the liquid.

Floating Roof Seals:

To close the annular rim space for controlling evaporative loss, to center the floating roof & permit the
normal roof movement.

Floating Suction:
Mechanical device, sometimes jointed, which floats on the liquid surface & only permits product to be
withdrawn from this point (commonly adopted for Aviation Fuel Storage Tanks).

Gauge Hatch:
The opening in the top of a tank through which dipping (gauging) & sampling operations are carried out.

Guide Pole:
A device used in floating roof tanks to prevent rotation of the roof.

HAZ:
The portion of the base metal that has not been melted but whose mechanical properties or microstructures
have been altered by the heat of welding or cutting..

Internal Pressure:
The difference in pressure between the liquid vapor pressure & Atmospheric Pressure. When this difference
is negative, it is simply called a “vacuum”.
The pressure is measured at the top of the liquid in the tank because the liquid itself exerts hydrostatic
pressure.
Internal pressure is caused by several potential sources such as vapor pressure, inert gas blanketing system,…

Killed Steel:
Steel deoxidized (i.e. by vacuum treatment) to reduce the content in order to omit any reaction between
oxygen & carbon during solidification.

Lowest 1-Day Mean Ambient Temp.:

The lowest 24-hour average air temperature recorded at the site for the last 50 years.

Low Temp. Service:

Service in which the fluid temp. during normal contingency operation is below the lowest 1-day mean
ambient temp. for a particular location.

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LPG:
Any material in liquid form that is composed predominantly of any of the following hydrocarbons or of a
mixture thereof: Propane, Propylene, Butanes (normal Butane or Isobutane) and Butylenes.

Min. Design Metal Temp.:

Temp. used for determining the material toughness requirements.

MTBE:
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.

Normalizing:
A heat treating process in which a steel plate is reheated to uniform temperature above the upper critical
temperature & then cooled in air to below the transformation range.

Plumbness:
Refers to the misalignment of the shell plates from the vertical axis.

Porosity:
The existence of gas pockets or voids in metal.

Roundness:
Indicates that the shell radius is not constant around the circumference at the same elevation.

Quenched & Tempered:

Plate is heated to a specified temperature and held for a time then cooled at a rate sufficient to increase the
strength and hardness of the steel. The quenching process produces hard, brittle material. The tempering
relieves the residual stress resulting from tempering & improves ductility.

Refrigerated Storage:
Storage in a tank artificially maintained at a temperature below the nominal ambient temperature.

Rimmed Steel:
Steel containing sufficient oxygen to give a continuous evolution of carbon monoxide while the ingot is
solidifying, resulting in a case or rim of metal virtually free of voids.

Ringwall:
The part of the foundation that supports the tank shell & prevents excessive settlement (usually concrete or
crushed stone)

Sacrificial Anodes:
Usually Aluminum blocks (Zinc or Magnesium may also be used) installed on the tank bottom to protect a
surface against corrosion.

Semi-Automatic Arc Welding:

Arc welding with equipment that controls only the filler metal feed. The advance of the welding is manually
controlled.

Semi-Killed Steel:
Incompletely Deoxidized Steel Containing Sufficient Oxygen to form enough carbon monoxide during
solidification to offset solidification shrinkage. The grain structure here is larger than Fully-Killed Steel.

Page 99 of 100 (Rev.1)

Set Pressure:
Pressure at which the pressure relief device first opens.

Sludge:
The material that settles to the bottom of crude tanks & which can not be removed by normal pumping
means.

True Vapor Pressure:

The actual vapor pressure exerted by a liquid at a given temperature, when the liquid is in equilibrium with
its vapor. It is expressed in psia or kPa absolute.

Turnover:
Cycle of emptying a full tank & replacing its contents.

Underground Tank:
A tank all parts of which are completely buried below the general grade of the facility.

Undercut:
A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the toe of a weld & left unfilled by weld metal.

Vapor Pressure:
The pressure of the vapor space above the liquid in a closed container. It increases with increasing
temperature.

Wire Mesh Screen:

These screens may be used for free vents to prevent the ingress of foreign matter. Because of the danger of
blockage, fine mesh is not recommended. Also the possibility of corrosion should be considered.

Page 100 of 100 (Rev.1)