Formulario de Física II – Bloque I: Fluidos

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DENSIDAD DENSIDAD RELATIVA // GRAVEDAD ESPECÍFICA
𝒎 𝝆𝒔𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂
𝝆= 𝝆𝒓 =
𝒗 𝝆𝒂𝒈𝒖𝒂
Donde: Donde:
𝒌𝒈 𝒈 𝒌𝒈 𝒈 𝝆𝒓 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 [𝑨𝒅𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍]
𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [ , , , ]
𝒎𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑 𝑳 𝒎𝑳
𝒌𝒈
𝒎 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 [𝒌𝒈, 𝒈] 𝝆𝒔𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 [ ]
𝒎𝟑
𝒌𝒈
𝑽 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 [𝒎𝟑 , 𝒄𝒎𝟑 , 𝑳, 𝒎𝑳] 𝝆𝒂𝒈𝒖𝒂 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝟑

PESO PESO ESPECÍFICO

𝒘 = 𝒎𝒈 𝜸 = 𝝆𝒈 𝑷𝒆 = 𝝆𝒈
Donde: Donde:

𝒘 = 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 [ 𝐍 ] 𝑵
𝜸 𝑜 𝑷𝒆 = 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐í𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 [ ]
𝒎𝟑
𝒎 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 [𝒌𝒈] 𝒌𝒈 𝒈 𝒌𝒈 𝒈
𝒎 𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [ , , , ]
𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑 𝑳 𝒎𝑳
𝒔𝟐

------ HIDROSTÁTICA: TIPOS DE PRESIÓN ------

PRESIÓN PRESIÓN HIDROSTÁTICA
𝑭
𝑷= 𝑷𝒉 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉
𝑨
Donde: Donde:
𝑵 𝑵
𝑷 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [ = 𝐏𝐚 ] 𝑷𝒉 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 [ = 𝐏𝐚 ]
𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟐

𝑭 = 𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎 [ 𝑵 ] 𝒌𝒈

𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [ ]
𝒎𝟑
𝟐
𝑨 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 [ 𝒎 ]
𝒉 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑒 [ 𝒎 ]
𝒎
𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
𝒔𝟐
PRESIÓN ABSOLUTA PRESIÓN ABSOLUTA
PRESIÓN MANOMÉTRICA
(En general) (En líquidos)
𝑷𝑴𝑨𝑵 = 𝑷𝑨𝑩𝑺 − 𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑴 𝑷𝑨𝑩𝑺 = 𝑷𝑴𝑨𝑵 + 𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑴 𝑷𝑨𝑩𝑺 = 𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑴 + 𝝆𝒈𝒉
Donde: Donde:
𝑷𝑨𝑩𝑺 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎 [𝑷𝒂] 𝑷𝑨𝑩𝑺 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎 [𝑷𝒂]
𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑴 = 𝑃. 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑷𝒂 𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑴 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑷𝒂
𝑷𝑴𝑨𝑵 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 [𝑷𝒂] 𝑷𝑴𝑨𝑵 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 [𝑷𝒂]
𝒌𝒈
𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [ ]
𝒎𝟑
𝒎
𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝟐
𝒔
𝒉 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [𝒎]
 ------ PRINCIPIOS DE LA HIDROSTÁTICA ------
PRINCIPIO DE PASCAL PRINCIPIO DE ARQUÍMEDES
𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐
= 𝑬 = 𝝆𝒈𝑽 𝑬 = 𝑷𝒆 𝑽
𝑨𝟏 𝑨𝟐
Donde: Donde:

𝑭𝟏 = 𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 [𝑵] 𝑬 = 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑗𝑒 𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 [ 𝑵 ]

𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [ 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑 ]
𝑨𝟏 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 [𝒎𝟐 ] 𝒎
𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝟐
𝒔
𝑭𝟐 = 𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 [𝑵] 𝑽 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 [ 𝒎𝟑 ]
𝑨𝟐 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 [𝒎𝟐 ]
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐í𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 [𝑵/𝒎𝟑 ]

------ HIDRODINÁMICA ------

GASTO // CAUDAL FLUJO
𝑽 𝒎
𝑮= 𝑮=𝑨𝒗 𝑭= 𝑭=𝑮𝝆
𝒕 𝒕
Donde:
Donde:
𝑭 = 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 [𝒌𝒈/𝒔 ]
𝑮 = 𝐺𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜 [𝒎𝟑 /𝒔 ]
𝒎 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 [𝒌𝒈 ]
𝑽 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑦𝑒 [ 𝒎𝟑 ]
𝒕 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 [ 𝒔 ]
𝒕 = 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [ 𝒔 ]
𝒎𝟑
𝑨 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟í𝑎 [𝒎𝟐 ] 𝑮 = 𝐺𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜 [ ]
𝑠

𝒗 = 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [𝒎/𝒔] 𝒌𝒈

𝝆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [ ]
𝒎𝟑

ECUACIÓN DE CONTINUIDAD TEOREMA DE TORRICELLI

𝑨𝟏 𝒗𝟏 = 𝑨𝟐 𝒗𝟐 𝒗 = √𝟐𝒈𝒉
Donde: Donde:
𝟐 𝒗 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 [𝒎/𝒔]
𝑨𝟏 𝑦 𝑨𝟐 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 [𝒎 ] 𝒎
𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
𝒗𝟏 𝑦 𝒗𝟐 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 [𝒎/𝒔] 𝒔𝟐
𝒉 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 [ 𝒎 ]
TEOREMA DE BERNOULLI

𝒗𝟐𝟏 𝑷𝟏 𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝑷𝟐
+ 𝒈𝒉𝟏 + = + 𝒈𝒉𝟐 +
𝟐 𝝆𝟏 𝟐 𝝆𝟐
Donde:
𝝆𝟏 𝑦 𝝆𝟐 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 [𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑 ]
𝒎
𝒗𝟏 𝑦 𝒗𝟐 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 [𝒎/𝒔] 𝒈 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
𝒉𝟏 𝑦 𝒉𝟐 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑠 [𝒎] 𝒔𝟐
𝑷𝟏 𝑦 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑷𝒂]