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Index

ADDITIVES 8-25-8 ANCHORAGES IN DIAPHRAGMS 8-26-36


ADHESION 16-3-3 ANCHORAGES IN SPECIAL BLISTERS 8-26-36
ADHESIVE, MEMBRANE 8-29-15 ANCHORED BULKHEADS, DESIGN OF 8-20-11
ADMIXTURE ANCILLARY POWER SYSTEMS 33-9-1
Types of 8-1-20 Wayside/Standby Power Systems 33-9-1
ADVANCE MATERIAL 15-3-22 ANNUAL BUDGET 16-15-8
ADVANCES IN ENERGY COST SAVINGS FOR RAILWAY ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES 33-1-6
BUILDINGS AND SHOP FACILITIES 6-5-5 ANTI-BONDING PAPER 8-29-20
ADVANTAGES, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SPOT CAR REPAIR ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS 15-6-37
SHOPS 6-3-3 ANTIFREEZE AND COOLANT, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-15
AGGREGATE 8-1-9, 8-1-22, 8-1-55 APPLICANT’S RESPONSIBILITIES 15-8-26
Coarse 8-1-41 APPLICATION
Coarse, Freeze-Thaw Test 8-1-15 Dampproofing 8-29-29
Fine 8-1-10 of Loads 8-17-53
Lightweight Coarse, for Structural Concrete 8-1-14 and Measurement of Prestressing Force 8-17-53
Normal Weight Coarse 8-1-12 of Rail Bonds 4-3-31
AGREEMENT, JOINT YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-2 Application Procedures 4-3-32
AIR BRAKES 15-6-99 Introduction 4-3-31
AIR BUFFERS 15-6-34, 15-6-103 Weld Integrity - Preventing Martensite Formation in
AIR LOADING, SAND FACILITY 6-6-10 Welded or Brazed Applications 4-3-31
AIR PRESSURE, SAND FACILITY 6-6-9 Repairs and Anchorage Using Reactive Resins 8-1-57
AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE 13-4-1 Requirements and Instructions, Fire-Retardant Coating
Introduction 13-4-2 for Creosoted Wood 7-1-19
Mobile Sources 13-4-2 of Strut-and-Tie Models to the Design of Anchorage
Ozone Depleting Substances 13-4-13 Zones 8-17-39
Provisions Relating to Enforcement 13-4-14 APPLICATION PROCEDURES, RAIL BONDS 4-3-32
Stationary Sources 13-4-6 APPLICATIONS 27-1-21
Toxic/Hazardous Air Pollutants 13-4-12 Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
AIR RIGHTS, YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-2 APPLYING THE SPIRAL TO COMPOUND CURVES 5-3-6
ALERT TRAIN CREWS OR DISPATCHERS 16-5-9 APPROACH 9-2-3
ALIGNING AND LOCKING 15-6-14 APPROVAL OF PLANS 1-5-9, 1-5-21, 1-5-27
ALIGNMENT 1-4-71 APPROXIMATE METHODS, POST-TENSIONED ANCHORAGE
of Finished Holes 15-3-15 ZONES 8-17-40
ALIGNMENTS AND CLEARANCES 12-4-45 ARC-FLASH HAZARD STUDY 33-6-20
ALIGNMENT TOLERANCES 4-3-44 ARCH
ALLOWABLE LOAD ON PILES 8-4-5 Sidewalls and 8-11-3
ALLOWABLE SOIL PRESSURES 8-3-15 ARCHES 8-21-24
ALLOWABLE STRESSES 8-20-15, 8-17-19 Lining 8-14-13
During Erection 15-4-5 Long Single-Span and Multiple-Span with Spandrel Fill
Service Load 8-2-38 8-29-6
Unit, for Stress Graded Lumber 7-2-20 ARTICULATED CARS 16-2-9
ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESSES FOR STRESS-GRADED ASPHALT 8-29-28
LUMBER 7-2-20 Coatings, Emulsified 8-29-28
ALTERNATES 33-7-12 for Mopping 8-29-14
ALTITUDE COMPENSATION 33-2-10 Plank 8-29-17
AMENITIES 17-4-3 Primer 8-29-28
ANALYSES, JOINT YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-2 Roof Coatings, Asbestos-Free 8-29-29
ANALYSIS ASPHALTIC PANELS 8-29-17
and Design, Reinforced Concrete 8-2-33 ASSEMBLING MACHINERY
ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 9-1-23 in Frames 15-6-103
ANCHOR BOLTS 15-1-64 on Structural Supports 15-6-103
ANCHOR PULL 8-20-13 ASSEMBLY 1-4-72
ANCHORAGE 8-20-13, 15-6-23 and Installation of Pipe Culverts 1-4-70
of Decks and Rails on Steel Bridges 15-8-13 ASSESSMENT AND RETROFIT, EXISTING BRIDGES 9-1-30
Flexibility 8-20-13 ASTM D
Mechanical 8-2-29 41 8-29-8
of Rail 15-8-13 43 8-29-8
ANCHORAGE BEARING REACTION FORCE 8-26-36 173 8-29-8
ANCHORAGE ZONES, ANCHORAGE BLISTERS AND 226 8-29-8
DEVIATION SADDLES 8-26-34 227 8-29-9
ANCHORAGE ZONES, FORCES AND REINFORCEMENT IN 312 8-29-9
GENERAL 8-26-35 449 8-29-9
ANCHORAGE ZONES, POST-TENSIONED 8-17-34 450 8-29-10
ANCHORAGE ZONES, PRETENSIONED 8-17-45 517 8-29-10

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-2 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

ASTM D (CONT) BALLAST (CONT)


692 8-29-10 Materials 1-2-9
946 8-29-10 Types of Materials 1-2-9
1187 8-29-10 Materials for Concrete Tie Track Installation 1-2-12
1190 8-29-11 Measurement and Payment 1-2-15
1227 8-29-11 General 1-2-15
1327 8-29-11 Methods of Unloading and Distributing 16-10-14
1668 8-29-11 Production and Handling 1-2-13
2178 8-29-11 General 1-2-13
2823 8-29-11 Property Requirements 1-2-10
3515 8-29-12 Ballast Materials for Concrete Tie Track Installation
4215 8-29-12 1-2-12
4479 8-29-12 Chemical Analysis 1-2-11
4586 8-29-12 Gradations 1-2-12
6134 8-29-12 Limiting Test Values 1-2-11
ASTM DESIGNATIONS, APPLICABLE 8-29-8 Physical Analysis 1-2-10
ASTM - INTERNATIONAL 8-1-7 Replacement and Cleaning 16-10-14
AT GRADE CROSSINGS 11-3-5, 12-3-10, 17-3-4 Sampling and Testing 1-2-14
ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION CONTROL STUDY 33-6-20 General 1-2-14
ATTACHING METAL 33-7-19, 33-7-26 Scope 1-2-9
ATTITUDE SURVEYS 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Sub-ballast Specifications 1-2-19
AUDIBLE NAVIGATION SIGNALS 15-6-100 Commentary 1-2-25
AUDIT SURVEY INSTRUMENTATION 6-5-8 Construction of Sub-ballast Section 1-2-24
AUDITOR QUALIFICATIONS 6-5-7 Design 1-2-20
AUGERED CAST-IN-PLACE PILES 8-4-13, 8-4-16 General 1-2-19
AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION (ACI) SYSTEM 14-1-2 Inspection 1-2-25
AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL (ATC) SYSTEM 17-6-4 Measurement and Payment 1-2-25
AUTOMOBILE AND TRUCK LOADING/UNLOADING Production and Handling 1-2-24
FACILITIES 14-4-31
AUTOMOBILE LOADING/UNLOADING 14-4-31
Summary 1-2-26
Testing 1-2-24
1
AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN CRITERIA and Subgrade 30-1-5
FOR CTC CENTERS 6-11-3 Substructure Introduction 1-2-4
AXIAL AND BENDING LOADS 7-2-29 Description 1-2-4
AXLE, WHEEL AND HUB SPECIFICATIONS 27-2-40 Nomenclature 1-2-4
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-9
BALLAST AND SUB-BALLAST 18-2-2
B BAR CODE FORMAT 27-1-20
BAR CODES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR ROADWAY 3
WORK EQUIPMENT 27-1-18
BACKFILL 1-4-72, 8-10-14, 8-25-8 BAR LISTS AND BENDING DIAGRAMS 8-17-54
Character 8-20-3 BARREL AND APRON 1 8-16-13
Character of 8-5-3 BARREL AND APRON 2 8-16-13
Computation of Pressure 8-5-5 BASE AND MASONRY PLATES 15-1-64
Design of 8-5-7 BASE OF FOOTINGS, DEPTH 8-3-7
BACKFILLING BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES 15-1-37, 15-10-7
Bore Holes 8-22-10 and Deflections 15-8-6 4
BACKGROUND 2-2-5 and Hydraulic Pressures 15-6-28
Roadway Signs 1-7-4 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
Wayside/Standby Power Systems 33-9-1 General Design of Prestressed Concrete 8-17-18
BAGGING 5-7-4 BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF SCOUR 1-3-20
BALANCING OF GEARS 15-6-103 Contraction Scour 1-3-22
BALLAST 1-2-1, 5-8-9, 16-10-12 Lateral Stream Migration 1-3-23
Account 11 16-12-8 Local Scour 1-3-22
and Ballast Pressure 30-1-6 Long-term Elevation Streambed Changes (Aggradation
Concrete Ties 30-4-45 and Degradation) 1-3-21
Design 1-2-5 References for Section 3.4 1-3-24
Track Substructure Design 1-2-5 Scour 1-3-20
Gradations 1-2-18 Total Scour 1-3-24
Inspection 1-2-14 BASIC DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS, CONTINUOUS AND
Loading 1-2-13 CANTILEVER STEEL STRUCTURES 15-1-69
Maintenance Practices 1-2-15 BASIC ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Ballast Gradations 1-2-18 Basic Principles of Location 16-1-7
Commentary 1-2-15 Definition of Location 16-1-2
Methods of Unloading and Distributing Ballast 1-2-15 Investment Evaluation 16-1-5
Replacement of Ballast and in Track Cleaning 1-2-15 Principles of Economic Design 16-1-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-3


Index

BASIC ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS (CONT) BINS 6-3-11


Traffic Forecasts 16-1-8 BODY OR CAB TOP 27-2-34
BASIC FORMULAE FOR CALCULATION OF VERTICAL AND BOILER OPTIMIZATION 6-5-5
LATERAL STRUCTURE OPENINGS 33-2-11 BOILER TEST KIT 6-5-10
BASIC PROCEDURE 33-1-2 BOLTED CONNECTIONS, WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES 7-2-38
BATTER PILES 8-4-4 BOLTS
BATTERY-CHARGING AREA OR ROOM FOR MATERIALS Bearing on 7-2-31
MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 6-7-6 and Holes 15-6-103
BEAMS, CONNECTION OF SECONDARY 8-26-41 and Nuts 15-6-44
BEAMS, NOTCHED 7-2-38 in Tension 15-6-32
BEARING 7-2-21, 15-6-29 BOND DESCRIPTION 33-5-5
and Anchorage 8-5-13 BONDING 8-11-7
Area 5-7-2 BONDING, FUTURE 8-1-28
at Angle to Grain 7-2-29 BORINGS
on Bolts 7-2-31 Core 8-22-9
BEARING AT ANGLE TO GRAIN 7-2-29 Core, in Rock 8-22-5
BEARING ON BOLTS 7-2-31 Depth of 8-22-4
BEARING CONSTRUCTION 15-11-1 Dry Sample 8-22-5, 8-22-8
Bronze or Copper-Alloy sliding Expansion Bearings Number and Location of 8-22-4
15-11-8 BOX GIRDER CROSS SECTION DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS
Construction and Installation 15-11-3 8-26-42
Elastomeric 15-11-12 BOX GIRDERS 8-21-4, 8-21-24
Manufacture or Fabrication 15-11-3 BOX-GIRDER CONSTRUCTION 8-2-37
Multi-Rotational bearings 15-11-16 BRACING 15-1-66, 15-1-70
Packaging, Handling and Storage 15-11-3 BRACING BETWEEN COMPRESSION MEMBERS 15-1-24
PTFE Bearing Surface 15-11-9 BRACING MEMBERS USED AS TIES OR STRUTS ONLY 15-1-62
Shop Drawings 15-11-2 BRACING OF TOP FLANGES OF THROUGH GIRDERS 15-1-60
BEARINGS 8-2-35, 15-6-102 BRACING OF VIADUCT TOWERS AND BENTS 15-1-62
and Anchorage 15-4-4 BRAKE SYSTEMS 27-2-10
BEDDING BRAKES 27-2-24, 17-5-10
Factors 8-10-6 Air 15-6-99
BELT CONVEYOR SCALES 7-1 and Machinery Design for Braking Forces 15-6-21
BENDING, TIE TESTS 30-2-3 for Span Operation 15-6-99
Test 1A: Bending - Railseat Positive 30-2-3 BRAKING
Test 1B: Bending - Railseat Negative 30-2-4 Dynamic 16-3-13
Test 1C: Bending - Center Negative 30-2-5 Electric 16-3-9
Test 1D: Flexural Fatigue 30-2-7 BRANDING 4-3-31
BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING and Stamping 4-2-13
Concrete Reinforcement 8-1-20, 8-1-56 BRIDGE, CULVERT, AND TUNNEL RECORDS 18-1-5
BENDING PROPERTIES 4-3-16 BRIDGE AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 17-4-4
Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars, Microalloyed Joint BRIDGE INSPECTION PROCEDURE 15-7-23
Bars, and Forged Compromise Joint Bars 4-3-16 BRIDGE FABRICATION SHOP 14-7-6
Steel Drive Spikes 5-10-3 BRIDGE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 29
Tie Plates 5-1-3 BRIDGE OPERATOR 15-6-109
Track Spikes 5-2-3 BRIDGE PIERS, DETAILS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
BENDS, HOOKS AND 8-2-17 FOR 8-5-12
BENEFITS OF BAR CODES 27-1-18 BRIDGE TIES. SEE SPECIFICATIONS FOR TIMBER BRIDGE TIES
BENTONITE 8-25-7 BRIDGES 1-3-61, 1-3-149, 16-8-7
BENTS 7-2-6 Construction and Maintenance 16-10-21
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, WATER AND Decks and Floors
WASTEWATER COMPLIANCE 13-3-4, 13-3-6 Cast in Place Concrete 8-29-6
BEVEL GEARS 15-6-102 Precast Slabs for 8-29-6
BEVELING OR SLOTTING OF RAIL ENDS 4-4-76 and Drainage Structures 11-4-14, 12-4-36
BIAXIAL LOADING 8-2-53 Additional Structure Amenities Required for
BID DOCUMENTS, ORGANIZATION OF, RAILWAY Passenger Rail Operations 11-4-15
BUILDINGS 6-1-3 Alignments and Clearances 12-4-45
Bidding Requirements 6-1-3 Clearances through Structures 11-4-14
Construction Specifications Institute Format 6-1-5 Construction 12-4-44
Contract Forms 6-1-3 Curved Girder Bridges 12-4-88
General Conditions 6-1-4 Design Considerations for Drainage Structures 11-4-14
Recommended Format 6-1-3 Emergency Egress for Bridges and Structures
Special Conditions 6-1-4 11-4-14
Technical Specifications 6-1-4 General 11-4-14
BIDDING REQUIREMENTS 6-1-4 Hydraulic and Hydrologic Concerns 12-4-41
BILLING CONCEPTS, UTILITY METERING 33-6-28 Introduction 12-4-36

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-4 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

BRIDGES (CONT) CALCULATING SCOUR (CONT)


Joint Railroad/Transit Operations 12-4-36 Predicting Aggradation and Degradation 1-3-25
Marine Protection 12-4-42 Predicting Lateral Migration 1-3-28
Operational Concerns 12-4-42 References for Section 3.5 1-3-59
Passenger Stations on Bridges 11-4-15 Total Scour Calculation Problem 1-3-53
Retaining Walls 12-4-44 CALCULATION OF VERTICAL AND LATERAL STRUCTURE
Safety and Security 11-4-15 OPENINGS 33-2-19
Stray Current Effects 12-4-44 Formulae 33-2-19
Structure Serviceability Criteria 12-4-40 Sample Calculations 33-2-20
Transit System Loads 12-4-36 CALCULATIONS 33-2-13
Utilities 12-4-44 Train Performance 16-2-10
Evaluation of 15-8-31 Using a Computer 16-2-14
Organization 16-8-7 CALIBRATION RAILS 4-4-64
Railway, Clearance Diagrams 28-1-4 Manufacture of 4-4-64
and Trestles, Wood Recommended Calibration Rails for Rail Flaw Detection
Methods of Fireproofing 7-4-18 Systems 4-4-64
Rules for Rating Existing 7-3-2 CALIBRATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT 4-4-69
Walkways and Handrails on 15-8-27 CAMBER 15-1-15, 15-1-70
Wood Railway, Design 7-2-1 CANDIDATE SELECTION AND CLASS SIZE CRITERIA 27-1-23
BRIDGES WITH INTERNAL DUCTS 8-26-37 CANTILEVER BULKHEADS 8-20-15
BRIDGES, NEW 9-1-17 CANTILEVER POLES 8-12-1
BRIDGES, TRESTLES AND CULVERTS - ACCOUNT 6 16-12-7 Construction 8-12-2
BRONZE OR COPPER-ALLOY SLIDING EXPANSION Installation 8-12-2
BEARINGS 15-10-13, 15-11-8 Design 8-12-3
BUDGETING 18-1-7 General 8-12-3
BUILDING CONFIGURATION 6-13-4 General 8-12-2
BUILDING AND UTILITY PLANS AND RECORDS 18-1-6 Introduction 8-12-2
BUILDING SYSTEMS 6-8-16 Scope 8-12-2
BUILDINGS 14-4-53
Arrangement, Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities
Materials 8-12-2
Pole 8-12-2
1
6-4-13 CANTILEVER WALLS 8-5-11
Codes 6-3-4 CAPACITY
Construction and Maintenance 16-10-22 Locomotive 16-3-3
Reinforced Concrete 8-2-6 of Plant 8-1-41
Superstructure Details, Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Sanding Facility 6-6-7
Facilities 6-4-19 of Waterway Openings 1-3-5
and Support Facilities 6-i CAPACITY AND SIZE 8-2
Types 6-3-5 CAPACITY OF WATERWAY OPENINGS 1-3-5 3
BUILDINGS AND SUPPORT FACILITIES 9-1-34, 9-2-23 CAPITAL COST ESTIMATES 12-2-20, 17-2-6
BULK GRANULAR SOLIDS TERMINALS CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS 33-1-4
Design of 14-4-45 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE OR OPERATING EXPENSE 16-12-22
BULKHEADS, CANTILEVER 8-20-15 CARPENTRY SHOP 6-9-6
BULK-FLUIDS 14-4-49 CARRIER PIPE 1-5-11, 1-5-23
Site Selection 14-4-50 CARRYING CAPACITY, WOOD BRIDGES AND TRESTLES
BULK-SOLID 14-4-43 7-3-2
BUSINESS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT 16-B-1 CAR BODY EXTERIOR 17-5-3 4
BUTTRESS WALLS 8-5-11 CAR BODY INTERIOR AND ENVIRONMENT 17-5-11
BUTYL GUM TAPE 8-29-15 CAR SHOPS 12-4-31, 17-4-4
BUTYL RUBBER CARS
Butyl-based IIR 8-29-14 Articulated 16-2-9
Dynamometer or Test, Field Testing 16-2-19
Four-Wheel 16-2-9
C Moving Equipment 6-3-11
Self-Propelled Rail 16-3-16
Speed Control
CAB 27-2-11 Continuous 14-2-12
CAISSONS 8-5-13 Intermittent 14-2-10
Cofferdams or Forms 8-1-42 System, Hybrid 14-2-14
CALCULATING RAIL PROFILE QUALITY INDEX (RPQI) 2-2-39 CASING PIPE 1-5-6
Calculation Methodology 2-2-39
CAST STEEL 15-1-41
General 2-2-39
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
CALCULATING SCOUR 1-3-25
Bridge Decks or Floors 8-29-6
Estimating Contraction Scour 1-3-31
Piles 8-4-11
Estimating Local Pier Scour 1-3-43
CAST-IN AND POST-INSTALLED INSERTS FOR CONCRETE
Evaluating Local Scour at Abutments 1-3-49
TIES 30-4-52

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-5


Index

CATENARY AND LOCOMOTIVE INTERACTION 33-8-1 CHEMICAL (CONT)


Locomotive Electric Interaction with the Catenary 33-8-2 Steel Tie Plates 5-1-3
Electrical Characteristics 33-8-2 Control
Introduction 33-8-2 Selection of Herbicides 1-9-7
Types of Traction Motor Control Circuits 33-8-2 CHEMICAL CONTROL
Locomotive Mechanical Interaction with the Catenary 33-8-9 Techniques 1-9-12
Pantograph Basics 33-8-9 CHEMICAL HARDNESS REQUIEMENTS FOR STRIKING AND
CATENARY DEFINITIONS, STANDARDS AND CONCEPTS 33-4-3 STRUCK TOOLS 5-6-6
CATENARY POLE CRITERIA 33-4-12
CHOICE OF DESIGN AND ALIGNMENT 16-1-14
CATENARY POLE FOOTINGS/SEATINGS 33-4-14
Causes of Expenses 16-1-16
CATENARY SUPPORT OPTIONS 33-4-3
Effects of Line Characteristics 16-1-16
CATENARY SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA 33-4-8
Highway-Rail Grade Crossings 16-1-16
CAUSE OF FAILURES 27-1-13
Traffic and Operating Factors 16-1-15
CELLULAR CONFINEMENT SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS FOR
CHORD DEFLECTION 7-3-5
RAILROAD USE 1-10-24
CLAIMS 2-3-13
Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements 1-10-26
Construction Details and Methods 1-10-27 CLASSES 1-6-10
Description 1-10-24 CLASSIFICATION
Material Requirements 1-10-25 Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-3
Measurement and Payment 1-10-27 of Existing Bridges 15-7-2
Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-26 of Investigations 8-22-2
CEMENT 8-1-8, 8-1-41, 8-25-8 Locomotive 16-3-4
Membranes 8-29-15 of Piles 7-1-7
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS AND CONCRETE ADMIXTURES of Roadway Signs 1-7-2
8-1-19 Spread Footing Foundations 8-3-2
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS, OTHER 8-1-9 Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2
Acceptability 8-1-9 CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE WORK 15-6-9
Documentation 8-1-10 CLASSIFICATION OF WIRE ROPE 27-1-9
General 8-1-9 CLEANING, FACILITY MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 17-7-5
Materials Not Included in This Recommended Practice 8-1-10 CLEANING SITE 8-22-10
Specifications 8-1-9 CLEANING AND COATING OF EXISTING STEEL RAILWAY
CENTER OF GRAVITY CORRECTION FOR STRAND BRIDGES 15-8-32
TENDONS 8-26-24 CLEARANCE AND SAFETY 27-2-35
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT INTERFACES 12-2-12, CLEARANCE CRITERIA 33-4-10
17-2-4 CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT STATIONS 12-2-24 Fixed Obstructions 28-1-1
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE 15-1-19 Double-Track Railway Tunnels 28-1-6
For Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles 7-2-8, 7-3-3 General 28-1-2
CERTIFICATION General Outline 28-1-3
Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings 15-11-16 Highway Structures Over Railroads 28-1-8
Quality Control, Inspection, and Identification, Overhead Electrification 28-1-8
Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-12 Railway Bridges 28-1-4
CHANNEL LIGHTS 15-6-108 Railway Side Tracks and Industrial Tracks 28-1-7
CHAPTER 8 8-i Single-Track Railway Tunnels 28-1-5
CHAPTER 8 CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS 8-i CLEARANCE MODIFICATION 33-1-6
CHARACTER CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS, LEGAL 28-3-19
of Backfill 8-20-3 CLEARANCES 11-3-5, 15-1-12, 17-3-3, 33-2-1, 28-i
of Foundation 8-5-4 ADA Requirements 11-3-5
of Hydraulic Traffic (Abrasive, Corrosive, Etc.) 1-4-6 Calculation of Vertical and Lateral Structure Openings
of Subsurface Materials 8-3-5 33-2-19
CHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTE CONTROL LOCOMOTIVES Formulae 33-2-19
(RCL) 14-2-33 Sample Calculations 33-2-20
CHARTING ALL OBSTRUCTIONS, SUGGESTED METHODS Fixed Objects 11-3-5, 17-3-3
28-3-9 Freight Operations 11-3-5, 17-3-3
CHECK ANALYSIS 4-3-20 General 11-3-5, 12-3-7, 17-3-3
CHEMICAL Methods and Procedures 28-3-1
Analysis 1-2-11 Allowances for Horizontal Movements, Passenger
Composition Cars 28-3-3
Heat-Treated Carbon-Steel Track Bolts and Nuts 4-3-19 General 28-3-3
Joint Bars Computing Curve Offsets on Loads 28-3-19
Forged Compromise 4-3-15 Examples 28-3-19
Mocroalloyed 4-3-15 Tables 28-3-19
Quenched Carbon-Steel 4-3-15 Excessive Loads 28-3-11
Soft-Steel Track Spikes 5-2-2 Report Information 28-3-12
Steel Drive Spikes 5-10-2 Field Handbook, Measuring Excess Dimension Loads
Steel Rails 4-2-4 28-3-52

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-6 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

CLEARANCES (CONT) COATED CORRUGATED STEEL PIPE AND ARCHES,


Combined Center of Gravity Formula 28-3-57 SPECIFICATIONS 1-4-17
Instructions for Measuring 28-3-53 COATINGS 1-4-84, 7-4-19
Legend 28-3-54 CODE REQUIREMENTS
Reporting Measurements of Excess Width or Site Considerations for Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive
Height 28-3-53 Maintenance, Repair and Servicing Facilities 6-13-3
Legal Clearance Requirements 28-3-20 Site Considerations for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-3
General 28-3-20 COEFFICIENTS, THERMAL AND SHRINKAGE 8-2-34
Maintenance Procedures that can Adversely Effect COFFERDAMS, CAISSONS OR FORMS 8-1-42
Clearances 28-3-67 COLLARS 15-6-40
Methods of Measuring Railway Line Clearances COLORS, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE
28-3-49 BUILDINGS 6-2-13
Modifications to Clearances Reporting 28-3-61 COLUMN
Procedure 28-3-61 Loads 8-3-16
Purpose 28-3-61 COMBINATION FREIGHT AND PASSENGER STATIONS
Preserving Existing Clearance During Maintenance 6-8-14
Work 28-3-70 COMBINATIONS OF DISSIMILAR TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
Safe Movement of Excess Dimension Loads on 15-1-44
Foreign Trackage/Joint Tracks 28-3-65 COMBINED AXIAL AND BENDING LOADS 7-2-29
Blanket Authority 28-3-66 COMBINED CENTER OF GRAVITY FORMULA 28-3-54
Clearance Data 28-3-66 COMBINED COACH LOCOMOTIVE SHOP, SPECIAL
Operations 28-3-66 REQUIREMENTS 6-13-7
Priorities 28-3-66 COMBINED FOOTINGS 8-3-15
Procedures 28-3-66 Sizing 8-3-16
Scope 28-3-65 COMBINED STRESSES 7-3-4, 15-1-32
Suggested Method COMBINED USE OF GUARD TIMBERS AND GUARD RAILS 7-4-23
Charting All Obstructions 28-3-10 COMMENTARIES, RAIL 4-6-1
General 28-3-9 COMMENTARY
Concrete Slab Tracks 8-27-22
Presenting Published Clearances 28-3-9
General 28-3-10 Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Box 1
Movable Objects 11-3-5, 17-3-3 Culverts 8-16-18
Naturally Occurring Events That Can Alter Clearances 28-3-72 Inspection of Concrete and Masonry Structures 8-21-20
Passenger Operations 11-3-5, 17-3-3 Materials, Tests and Construction Requirements 8-1-55
Recommended Clearance Specification to Provide for Pile Foundations 8-4-17
Overhead Electrification 33-2-2 Recommendations for the Design of Segmental Bridges 8-26-43
Altitude Compensation 33-2-12 Seismic Design for Railway Structures 9-2-1
Clearances from Energized Ancillary Conductors 33-2-12 Specifications for Uncased Gas Pipelines within the
Depth of Construction of the OCS at Supports (D) 33-2-14 Railway Right-of-Way 1-5-20 3
Design and Construction Clearance 33-2-7 Sub-ballast Specifications 1-2-25
Electrical Clearances from Energized Parts to Timber Structures 7-6-1
Grounded Parts (Air Clearances) 33-2-9 Construction and Maintenance Commenatary 7-6-12
General 33-2-6 Design Commentary 7-6-5
Lateral Displacements and Super-Elevation 33-2-15 Inspection Commentary 7-6-12
OCS Clearances Requirement at Overhead Structures Materials Commentary 7-6-2
(H) 33-2-14 Rating Commentary 7-6-12
Tolerances in the OCS System and Position of Track 33-2-8
Vertical Clearance 33-2-7
Vegetation Control 1-9-19 4
COMMENTARY INSPECTION OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY
Vertical Clearance Requirements at Overhead STRUCTURES
Structures 33-2-15 Inspection 8-21-22
Regulatory Requirements 11-3-5, 17-3-3 Site and Crossing 8-21-23
Reporting, Modifications or Additions 28-3-57 COMMENTARY
Third-rail Arrangements 33-2-2 INSPECTION OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY
Track and Roadway Considerations 12-3-1 STRUCTURES 8-21-23
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 33-4-8 COMMENTARY TO SEISMIC DESIGN FOR RAILWAY
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION 6-8-20, 6-10-5 STRUCTURES 9-2-1
COACH SHOP, MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS 6-13-9 COMMISSARY 6-13-6
COACH SHOP, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 6-13-3 COMMODITY STORAGE 14-4-53
Combined Coach Locomotiv Shop 6-13-8 COMMON DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 14-5-10
COACH SHOP AND/OR LOCOMOTIVE SHOP, STRUCTURAL COMMON INDUSTRY PRACTICE, MEASUREMENT
REQUIREMENTS 6-13-9 FREQUENCY PRACTICES FOR TRACK GEOMETRY
COAL AND ORE WHARVES, ACCOUNT 24 16-12-12 MEASURING VEHICLES 2-4-2
COAL-TAR Railroads 2-4-2
Saturated Organic Felt 8-29-28 Summary 2-4-3
COAL-TAR PITCH 8-29-28 Transit Systems 2-4-3
for Mopping 8-29-14 Yards, Terminals and Sidings 2-4-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-7


Index

COMMON INSPECTION ITEMS 18-3-37 COMPUTATION (CONT)


COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALS 18-4-1 Acting on Bulkheads 8-20-6
COMMUNICATIONS 15-6-8, 33-1-6 of Stresses
Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-5 or Strengths 8-19-3
Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-22 COMPUTER AND TECHNICIAN’S ROOM 6-11-6
Signal Systems 17-6-7 COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND WORD PROCESSING
Support, Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations EQUIPMENT, ACCOUNT 59 16-12-22
6-8-20 CONCLUSION
System, Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-22 Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-38
Systems, Account 26 16-12-13 CONCLUSIONS
Technology 12-2-16, 17-2-5 Selection and Maintenance of Roofing Systems 6-14-13
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS 11-6-2, 17-6-16 CONCRETE 8-1-44, 8-19-5, 15-6-35
COMMUNITY RELATIONS 12-2-12, 17-2-4 Admixtures 8-1-20, 8-1-57
COMMUTER AND INTERCITY RAIL SYSTEMS 11-i Air Content of Air-Entrained 8-1-33
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1 in Alkali Soils or Alkali Water 8-1-45
Facilities and Structural Considerations 11-4-1 Bonding 8-1-40
Introduction 11-1-1 Bridges
Maintenance of Way Considerations 11-7-1 Rules for Rating Existing 8-19-1
Signals, Communications, and Propulsion Excessive Loading 8-19-11
Considerationis 11-6-1 Action to be Taken 8-19-11
Track and Roadway Considerations 11-3-1 General 8-19-2
Vehicle Considerations 11-5-1 Scope 8-19-2
COMMUTER STATIONS 6-8-12 Load Combinations and Rating Formulas 8-19-9
COMPACTION 8-5-7 Formulas 8-19-10
COMPANY EQUIPMENT 15-4-9 Notations 8-19-9
COMPENSATED GRADIENTS 5-3-16 Loads and Forces 8-19-4
COMPENSATED GRADIENTS Dead Load 8-19-4
Proposed AREMA standards for 5-3-16 General 8-19-4
COMPLETION OF WORK 5-5-5 Impact 8-19-4
COMPLIANCE, INSPECTION AND SAMPLING Live Load 8-19-4
REQUIREMENTS 1-10-20 Other Loads 8-19-4
Cellular Confinement System Specifications for Railroad Materials 8-19-5
Use 1-10-26 Concrete 8-19-5
Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast Reinforcing Steel 8-19-6
Reinforcement 1-10-28 Rating 8-19-2
Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-13 Computation of Stresses or Strengths 8-19-3
Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-18 General 8-19-2
Railroad Track Stabilization Applications 1-10-8 Inspection 8-19-3
System Specifications for Railroad Applications 1-10-21 Load Carrying Capacity 8-19-2
COMPONENT WEAR LIMITS 17-7-4 Maximum 8-19-2
COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 8-2-35 Normal 8-19-2
COMPOSITE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 8-17-18 Chuting 8-1-38
COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE SPANS 15-1-56 Compacting 8-1-39
COMPOSITE TIE TYPES 30-5-3 Condition of Exposure 8-1-45
COMPOSITE TIES, ENGINEERED 30-5-1 Continuous Depositing 8-1-40
COMPOSITE TRUSSES 7-3-5 Continuous Work, Depositing 8-1-42
COMPRESSED AIR 6-3-8, 6-4-18 Cover for Bar Bundles 8-2-19
Devices 15-6-46 Cover for Corrosive and Marine Environments 8-2-19
COMPRESSION Cover, Minimum 8-2-18
Allowable Stresses for Stress-Graded Lumber 7-2-20 Delivery 8-1-37
COMPRESSION MEMBERS 8-2-52, 15-1-46 Depositing 8-1-37
Limits for Reinforcement 8-2-21 Depositing in Sea Water 8-1-44
Slenderness Effects in 8-2-54 Depositing, Under Water 8-1-41
Strengths 8-2-52 Design of Reinforced 8-2-1
COMPRESSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN OR CENTRALLY Handling and Placing 8-1-37
LOADED COLUMNS 7-2-20 High Strength 8-1-52, 8-1-59
COMPRESSION TESTS 8-1-35 Leveling and Cleaning the Bottom to Receive 8-1-42
COMPROMISE EFB WELDS IN TRACK 4-3-45 Lining Railway Tunnels 8-11-7
COMPUTAION Materials 8-17-10
of Stresses, Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2 Methods of Depositing 8-1-42
COMPUTATION Minimum Cover 8-1-44, 8-1-46, 8-17-12
of Applied Forces 8-5-4 Mixing 8-1-37
of Backfill Pressure 8-5-5 Mixture Proportions 8-1-53, 8-1-61
of Deflections 8-2-34 Mixtures, Strength of 8-1-33
of Lateral Forces 8-28-5

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-8 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

CONCRETE (CONT) CONCRETE PILES


Moderate Exposure 8-1-45 Cast-In-Place 8-4-11
Placement of 8-1-46 Precast 8-4-11
Placing Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-42 CONCRETE PIT 15-8-26
Placing Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-42 CONCRETE PLACEMENT FOR CONCRETE SLAB TRACK 8-27-10
Placing Cyclopean 8-1-42 CONCRETE SLAB
Placing Rubble 8-1-42 Continuously Reinforced 8-27-9
Prestressed 8-26-22 CONCRETE SLAB TRACK 8-27-1
Protecting in Sea Water 8-1-44 Design Considerations 8-27-23
Protection for Reinforcement 8-2-18 General Considerations 8-27-6
Pumping 8-1-38 Loading Conditions 8-27-6
Ready-Mixed 8-1-36 Scope and Notations 8-27-3
Reinforcement Application 8-27-3
Development and Splices 8-2-23 Definitions 8-27-5
Spacing 8-2-18 Special considerations 8-27-17
Roadway Signs 1-7-4 Transition Areas 8-27-17
Sea Water 8-1-44 CONCRETE SLAB TRACK, CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED 8-27-23
Seals 8-1-44 CONCRETE SLAB TRACKS
Segmental Bridges 8-26-8 Commentary 8-27-22
Selection of Materials 8-1-6 Construction 8-27-10
Severe Exposure 8-1-45 Continuity of Slab TRack over Bridge Deck 8-27-26
Site, Mixed 8-1-36 Continuity of Slab Track over Bridge Deck 8-27-20
Structures Design of 8-27-8
and Foundations 8-i Materials 8-27-7
Inspection 8-21-1 Modification of Existing Tunnel Concrete Invert to Slab
Introduction 8-21-1 Track 8-27-20
Repair and Rehabilitation 8-14-1 Transition Areas 8-27-26
Determination of Causes of Concrete Deterioration Treatment at Slab Ends 8-27-17
CONCRETE SLABTRACK
8-14-3
Evaluation of the Effects of Deterioration and Direct Fixation Fastening System 8-27-14 1
Damage 8-14-4 CONCRETE STRENGTH AT STRESS TRANSFER 8-17-45
Methods 8-14-4 CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS
Reevaluation 8-14-5 Casing Removal 8-24-11
Results 8-14-4 Continuity of Work 8-24-12
Special Cases 8-14-5 Records 8-24-12
Introduction 8-14-3 Testing 8-24-12
CONCRETE TIE REPAIR 30-4-55
Principal Materials Used in Repair 8-14-5
Epoxy Materials 8-14-6 Railseat Abrasion Repair 30-4-56 3
Fiber Reinforcement Polymers (FRP Shoulder Replacement or Repair 30-4-55
Composites) 8-14-6 CONCRETE TIES 30-4-1
Non-Shrink Grouts 8-14-6 Ballast 30-4-45
Polymers in Concrete 8-14-6 Cast-In and Post-Installed Inserts for Concrete Ties 30-4-52
Commentary 30-4-51
Reinforcement 8-14-5
Concrete Tie Repair 30-4-53
Repair Methods 8-14-6
Electrical Properties 30-4-26
Arch Lining 8-14-13
Internal Structural Repairs 8-14-13
Flexural Strength of Prestressed Monoblock Ties 30-4-19 4
Flexural Strength of Two-Block Ties 30-12-23
Non-Structural Crack Repair 8-14-18 General Considerations 30-12-4
Reinforcement Splices 8-14-21 Lateral Rail Restraint 30-4-26
Surface Repairs Using Polymer Concretes Longitudinal Rail Restraint 30-4-26
8-14-12 Material 30-4-9
Surface Repairs Using Portland Cement Recommended Practices For Shipping, Handling,
Materials 8-14-6 Application and Use 30-4-44
Tuckpointing 8-14-12 Testing of Monoblock Ties 30-4-26
Repair Methods for Prestressed Members 8-14-22 Testing of Two-Block Ties 30-4-39
Summary 8-14-24 Tie Dimensions, Configuration and Weight 30-4-16
Temperature 8-1-40 Ties for Grade Crossing Panels 30-4-53
Ties, Resistance to Train Movement 16-2-9 Ties for Turnouts 30-4-45
Tremie 8-25-9 CONDITIONS TO REPORT 15-7-24
Very Severe Exposure 8-1-45 CONDITIONS REQUIRING HEADWALLS, WINGWALLS,
CONCRETE BRIDGES INVERTS AND APRONS AND REQUISITES THEREFORE
Rules for Rating Existing 1-4-68
Load Combinations and Rating Formulas CONDUCTING AN INSPECTION 6-15-3
Loads and Forces 8-19-9 CONDUCTORS 33-7-12, 33-7-18, 33-7-24
CONCRETE COVER AND REINFORCEMENT SPACING 8-26-42 CONDUITS AND INSERTS 8-11-6
CONCRETE JOINTING 8-1-28

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-9


Index

CONFERENCE ROOM 6-2-9 CONSTRUCTION (CONT)


CONFIGURATION(S) General 16-10-20
Building 6-13-4 Methods 16-10-20
Train 6-13-3 Special Features 16-10-20
Transloading Facilities (Other Than Bulk) 14-4-76 Track 16-10-19
CONNECTIONS Equipment 16-10-19
Bolted, Wood Railway Bridges 7-2-38 General 16-10-19
of Components of Built-up Members 15-1-45 Methods 16-10-19
and Splices 15-1-43 Tunnels 16-10-23
CONNECTORS 7-2-38 Construction 16-10-23
CONSIDERATIONS, OVERALL, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR Introduction 16-10-23
RAILWAY BUILDINGS 6-1-12 Maintenance 16-10-23
CONSIDERATIONS, SPECIAL, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR Methods 1-4-71, 16-8-3
RAILWAY BUILDINGS 6-1-13 of a New Line of Railroad with Continuous Welded Rail
CONSIDERATIONS, STRUCTURAL, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR (CWR) 5-5-12
RAILWAY BUILDINGS 6-1-13 of New Tunnels 16-10-23
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PERFORMING LATERAL Of Conrete Slab Track 8-27-10
RESTRAINT MEASUREMENTS 2-2-5 Of Mechanically Stabilized Embankments 8-7-3
CONSOLE ROOM 6-11-6 Organization of 16-8-2
CONSOLIDATION 8-11-7 Phase 8-25-3
CONSTRAINTS 12-2-13 Pipelines
CONSTRUCTION 27-1-7 Conveying Flammable Substances 1-5-8
Bridge Bearings 15-11-1 Conveying Non-Flammable Substances 1-5-26
Introduction 15-11-2 Uncased Gas 1-5-20
Bridge and Drainage Systems 12-4-44 and Maintenance of Timber Structures 7-4-1
Cantilever Poles 8-12-2 of Protection of Roadbed Across Reservoir Areas 1-3-34
Details and Methods Slurry Wall 8-25-1
Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-12 Specifications for Tunnel Construction 1-8-3
Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-17 Temporary Structures for 8-28-1
Railroad Track Stabilization Applications 1-10-7 Traction Power Supply for Railroad AC Electrification
Drawings 15-8-26 Systems 33-6-29
of Embankment and Roadbed 1-3-40 Installation Verification Testing 33-6-29
of Embankment Protection 1-3-41 Pre-Revenue Operation Testing 33-6-30
and Expansion Joints 8-11-5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 33-6-29
Forms 8-1-23 System-Wide Integration Testing 33-6-30
and Maintenance Operations 16-10-1 of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-90
Appendix 16-10-28 Waterproofing 8-29-20
Details of Track Calculations 16-10-28 Wire Ropes 15-6-72
Ballast 16-10-12 CONSTRUCTION AND ON-SITE INSPECTION 25
Economic Section 16-10-12 CONSTRUCTION CLEARANCE 33-2-3
Ballast Depth Under Ties 16-10-12 CONSTRUCTION-DEMOLITION WASTE 13-5-15
General 16-10-12 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS AND METHODS 1-10-8, 1-10-14,
Methods of Unloading and Distributing 16-10-14 1-10-18, 1-10-22, 1-10-27, 1-10-33
Replacement and Cleaning 16-10-14 CONSTRUCTION FUNDAMENTALS 31
Bridges 16-10-21 CONSTRUCTION LOAD COMBINATIONS, STRESSES AND
General 16-10-21 STABILITY 8-26-19
Type of Structures 16-10-21 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SOURCES 1-1-8
Buildings 16-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES 14-4-64
General 16-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF OTHERS 9-1-35
Methods 16-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BALLAST SECTION 1-2-24
Handling of Traffic 16-10-27 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
General 16-10-27 Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
Other Track Material 16-10-15 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSTITUTE FORMAT 6-1-6
Proper Use 16-10-15 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES 33-4-11
Reclamation 16-10-18 CONTACT WIRE AMPACITY 33-4-21
Rail 16-10-3 CONTACT WIRE DEFLECTIONS 33-4-11
Methods of Extending Rail Life 16-10-8 CONTACT WIRE GRADIENTS 33-4-12
Methods of Joining and Laying 16-10-7 CONTAINERIZED SHIPPING 14-4-38
Selection Criteria 16-10-3 CONTIGENCY MINIMUM VEHICLE OPERATING VOLTAGE
Rail Support 16-10-9 33-3-2
Design Analysis 16-10-9 CONTINUOUS AND CANTILEVER STEEL STRUCTURES 15-1-69
Performance Criteria 16-10-9 Basic Design Assumptions 15-1-69
Roadway 16-10-20 Bracing 15-1-70
Equipment 16-10-20 Camber 15-1-70
Cover Plates 15-1-71

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-10 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

CONTINUOUS AND CANTILEVER STEEL STRUCTURES (CONT) CORRIDOR IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS (CONT)
Definition 15-1-69 Operations and Costs Estimates 17-2-6
Deflection 15-1-69 Operations Simulations 17-2-6, 12-2-1, 17-2-1
Impact Load 15-1-70 Commuter and Intercity Rail Systems 11-2-1
Longitudinal Stiffeners 15-1-70 Corridor Evaluation 12-2-11, 17-2-4
Splices in Flexural Members 15-1-72 Central Business District Interfaces 12-2-12
Uplift 15-1-70 Community Relations 12-2-12
CONTINUOUS CONTROL SYSTEM 14-2-16 General 12-2-11
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT, RAIL GRINDING 4-4-92 CORRIDOR PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL (CWR) 5-5-19 Joint Facility Development Opportunities 12-2-12
CONTOUR BLENDING OF CORNERS 5-6-56 Land Availability 12-2-12
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 1-1-38 Multi-Modal Interfaces 12-2-12
CONTRACTING AND CONTRACT MANAGEMENT 18-1-7 Passenger Convenience 12-2-12
CONTRACTION SCOUR 1-3-22 Property Value Impacts 12-2-13
CONTRACTOR’S DRAWINGS 8-17-49 Rolling Stock Requirements 12-2-13
CONTRACTS Safety / Security 12-2-13
Forms 6-1-4 Selection of Route Within Corridor 12-2-11
CONTRACTS, EASEMENTS, AND AGREEMENTS 18-1-2 Shared Right-of-Way 12-2-13
CONTROL 16-9-15 Shared Trackage 12-2-13
Consoles 6-11-2 Suitable Support and Maintenance Areas 12-2-12
of Deflections 8-2-65 Corridor Identification 12-2-10, 17-2-3
CONTROL FUNCTIONS 16-15-16 Constraints 12-2-11
CONTROL SYSTEM - PROPULSION SYSTEM General 12-2-10
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 17-6-7 Land Availability 12-2-11
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS 8-3-4, 8-5-3 Operations Criteria 12-2-10
CONTROLS 27-2-34 Rail Corridor Criteria 12-2-10
CORE BORINGS 8-22-9 Rail Line / Neighborhood Interface 12-2-11
in Rock 8-22-5 Regulatory Interface 12-2-11
CORRIDOR EVALUATION 12-2-11, 17-2-4
Central Business District Interfaces 12-2-12, 17-2-4
Route Identification 12-2-10
Traffic Sources and Destinations 12-2-10
1
Community Relations 12-2-12, 17-2-4 Corridor Implementation 12-2-20
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1 Capital Cost Estimating 12-2-20
Equipment Capability Requirements 17-2-4 General 12-2-20
General 12-2-11, 17-2-4 Implementation Schedule and Plan 12-2-20
Joint Facility Development Opportunities 12-2-12, Operations and Maintenance Cost Estimating
17-2-4 12-2-20
Land Availability 12-2-12, 17-2-4
Multi-Modal Interfaces 12-2-12, 17-2-4
Operations Simulation 12-2-20
Corridor Implementation Considerations 17-2-5
3
Passenger Convenience 12-2-12, 17-2-4 Data Collection 12-2-8, 17-2-3
Property Value Impacts 12-2-13, 17-2-4 Attitude Surveys 12-2-8
Rolling Stock Requirements 12-2-13 Demographic Data 12-2-8
Safety/Security 12-2-13, 17-2-5 Environmental Data 12-2-9
Selection of Route within Corridor 12-2-11, 17-2-4 General 12-2-8
Shared Right of Way 12-2-13, 17-2-4 Geographic and Physical Data 12-2-10
Shared Trackage 12-2-13, 17-2-4 Population and Economic Data 12-2-11
Suitable Support and Maintenance Opportunities Transportation Demand Data 12-2-10 4
12-2-12, 17-2-4 Zoning Data 12-2-9
CORRIDOR IDENTIFICATION 12-2-12, 17-2-3 General Information 11-2-1, 12-2-3, 17-2-3
Constraints 12-2-11, 17-2-4 Environmental 11-2-1
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1 Identification of Technology 12-2-13, 17-2-5
General 12-2-10, 17-2-3 Communications Technology 12-2-16
Land Availability 12-2-11, 17-2-4 Electric Traction Characteristics 12-2-19
Operations Criteria 12-2-10, 17-2-4 Fare Collection Technology 12-2-16
Rail Corridor Criteria 12-2-10, 17-2-4 General 12-2-13
Rail Line / Neighborhood Interface 12-2-11 Propulsion Technology 12-2-15
Regulatory Interface 12-2-12, 17-2-4 Route Technical Constraints 12-2-17
Route Identification 12-2-10, 17-2-4 Safety and Security Technology 12-2-16
Route Owner Interface 17-2-4 Signal Technology 12-2-15
Traffic Sources and Destinations 12-2-10, 17-2-4 Stations and Facilities 12-2-17
CORRIDOR IMPLEMENTATION 12-2-25 Track Technology 12-2-15
CORRIDOR IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS 17-2-5 Vehicle Technology Types 12-2-13
Capital Cost Estimates 17-2-6 Multi-modal Interfaces 17-2-5
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1 Planning 12-2-4, 17-2-3
General 17-2-5 Economic Acceptance 12-2-5
Implementation Schedules 17-2-6

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-11


Index

CORRIDOR PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS (CONT) CRIB WALLS (CONT)


Environmental Acceptance 12-2-6 Specifications for Reinforced Concrete 8-6-3
General 12-2-4 General 8-6-3
Institutional Issues 12-2-8 Installation 8-6-4
Safety / Security 12-2-6 Manufacture 8-6-4
Social Acceptance 12-2-6 Specifications for Timber 8-6-6
User Needs 12-2-4 General 8-6-6
Regional Transportation Interfaces 12-2-19 Installation 8-6-6
Central Business District Stations 12-2-19 Materials 8-6-6
General - Interface with Other Transportation Modes CRIB WALLS. SEE MECHANICALLY STABILIZED
12-2-22 EMBANKMENT
Types of Interfaces 12-2-19 CRITERIA, TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR
Typical Station Interfaces 12-2-19 CONSTRUCTION 8-28-2
CORROSION 4-4-70 CRITERIA FOR USE OF INCREASED ALLOWABLE STRESSES
CORROSION CONTROL AND PROTECTION 33-12-27 7-2-148
CORROSION PROTECTION 8-2-19 CRITERIA FORMULAS 1-4-65
CORRUGATION 4-4-68 CROSS FRAMES AND DIAPHRAGMS FOR DECK SPANS 15-1-61
CORRUGATIONS 2-1-2 CROSS GRINDING RAIL ENDS 5-10-10
COST/OPPORTUNITIES, ENERGY AUDITS 6-5-6 CROSS TIE DIMENSIONS 30-1-4
COSTS CROSS TIES, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-16
Eliminated or Reduced by Defect Detectors 16-5-13 CROSSING SURFACE MATERIAL SELECTION AND
Incurred from Defect Detectors, Initial and Annual 16-5-12 INSTALLATION 5-8-11
COSTS AND BENEFITS, PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS 16-7-1 CROSSING SURFACE MATERIALS 5-8-11
Cost and Benefit Analysis 16-7-6 CROSSTIES AND SWITCH TIES 18-2-4
Costs and Benefits 16-7-6 CULVERTS 1-4-1, 8-21-25
Force Account Project Estimates 16-7-4 Assembly and Installation of Pipe Culverts 1-4-70
Introduction 16-7-1 Alignment 1-4-71
Plans, Specifications and Special Provisions 16-7-5 Assembly 1-4-72
Preliminary Engineering for Public Improvements Backfill 1-4-72
16-7-3 Construction Methods 1-4-71
Project Completion and Billing 16-7-7 End Treatment 1-4-74
Public Improvement Agreements 16-7-5 General 1-4-70
Public Improvement Project Development 16-7-2 Handling and Unloading 1-4-71
Public Private Partnerships 16-7-2 Multiple Installations 1-4-74
COUNTERFORT, RETAINING WALLS 8-5-11 Preparation of Foundation 1-4-71
COUNTERMEASURE DESIGN GUIDANCE 1-3-78 Protection of Pipe Culvert from Construction Loads 1-4-74
COUNTERMEASURE SELECTION 1-3-62 Safety Provisions 1-4-75
COUNTERWEIGHTS 15-6-14, 15-6-35, 15-6-107 Conditions Requiring Headwalls, Wingwalls, Inverts and
COUPLERS 8-26-40 Aprons and Requisites Therefore 1-4-68
COUPLING BANDS 1-4-13 Headwalls 1-4-68
Class I and Class II 1-4-22 Introduction 1-4-68
COUPLINGS 15-6-102 Inverts and Aprons 1-4-70
COVER PLATES 15-1-71 Wingwalls 1-4-69
COVER AND SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT 8-17-45 Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-90
COVERS 15-6-46 Description 1-4-90
CRACKS Installation 1-4-90
Repair, Non-Structural 8-14-18 Measurement 1-4-90
CRAFT SHOPS 6-13-6 Payment 1-4-90
CRASH WALLS 11-4-15, 12-4-89, 17-4-4 Scope 1-4-90
General 11-4-15 Culvert Rehabilitation 1-4-78
CRASHWORTHINESS 17-5-11 General 1-4-78
CREEP AND SHRINKAGE 8-26-14 In Place Installation of Concrete Invert 1-4-81
CREOSOTE Localized Repairs 1-4-79
Primer 8-29-28 Methods of Rehabilitation 1-4-78
CREW FACILITIES 6-13-5 Relining Materials 1-4-79
CRIB WALLS 8-6-1 Survey of Existing Structures 1-4-78
Design 8-6-2 Design Criteria for Corrugated Metal Pipes 1-4-56
General 8-6-2 Criteria 1-4-56
General 8-6-2 Formulas 1-4-56
Definitions 8-6-2 Loads 1-4-58
Scope 8-6-2 Minimum and Maximum Height of Cover in Feet 1-4-60
Specifications for Metal 8-6-5 Pipe Arches 1-4-63
General 8-6-5 Pipe Culvert Design 1-4-58
Installation 8-6-5 Design Criteria for Structural Plate Pipes 1-4-65
Manufacture 8-6-5 Criteria Formulas 1-4-65

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-12 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

CULVERTS (CONT) CULVERTS (CONT)


Minimum and Maximum Height of Cover in Feet Material 1-4-24
1-4-66 Specifications for Placement of Reinforced Concrete
Seam Strength of Structural Plate Pipes 1-4-65 Culvert Pipe 1-4-9
Earth Boring and Jacking Culvert Pipe through Fills Specifications for Prefabricated Corrugated Steel Pipe
1-4-76 and Pipe-arches for Culverts and Storm Drains, and
General 1-4-76 Underdrains 1-4-10
Precautions in Unstable Soils 1-4-77 Coupling Bands 1-4-13
Protection of Pipe Against Percolation, Piping and Fabrication 1-4-10
Scour 1-4-77 Field Inspection and Acceptance 1-4-16
Safety 1-4-77 General 1-4-10
Size and Length of Pipe 1-4-76 Material 1-4-10
Type of Pipe Suitable for Jacking 1-4-76 Mill or Shop Inspection 1-4-16
Hydraulics of Culverts 1-4-29 Shape 1-4-14
Design Method 1-4-29 Workmanship 1-4-16
Flow Conditions 1-4-30 Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy
Hydraulic Computations 1-4-34 Pipe 1-4-17
Introduction 1-4-29 Coupling Bands - Class I and Class II 1-4-22
Location and Type 1-4-6 Fabrication 1-4-20
Character of Hydraulic Traffic (Abrasive, Corrosive, General 1-4-17
etc.) 1-4-6 Material 1-4-18
Economics of Various Types 1-4-8 Shape - Class I and Class II 1-4-23
Foundation Conditions 1-4-7 Wood, Recommended Practice for Design 7-2-39
Height and Character of Embankment 1-4-7 CURING 8-1-48, 8-1-58, 8-17-50
Loading, Live and Dead 1-4-7 Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-51
Span Required 1-4-6 Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
Topographic Conditions Determining Angle, Slag 8-1-51
Gradient, and Length of Structure 1-4-7 Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-51
Waterway Required 1-4-6
Other Facilities and Infrastructure 9-1-33, 9-2-23
Hot Weather 8-1-47
Membrane 8-1-47, 8-1-58
1
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100 Of Concrete Slab Track 8-27-11
Applications 1-4-100 Steam 8-1-48
Construction Requirements 1-4-102 Wet 8-1-47
General 1-4-100 CURRENT COLLECTION AND PRIMARY POWER SYSTEM
Hydraulic Design 1-4-101 17-5-10
Inspection and Acceptance 1-4-104 CURRENT PRACTICE, WAYSIDE/STANDBY POWER
Materials 1-4-100
Operation and Maintenance 1-4-104
SYSTEMS 33-9-1
CURVED GIRDER BRIDGES 12-4-88
3
Related Filter Materials 1-4-101 CURVES 5-3-1
Safety Provisions 1-4-104 Compensated gradients 5-3-16
Structural Design 1-4-102 Computing Offsets on Loads 28-3-18
Rehabilitation 1-4-78 Elevations and Speeds for Curves 5-3-11
Reinforced Concrete Pipe 8-10-1 Elevation of Curves 5-3-11
Specification for Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-82 Minimum Tangent Lengths Required Between Reverse
Coatings 1-4-84 Curves for Yard Operations 5-3-14
Design 1-4-84 No Sprial and No Superelevation 5-3-14 4
Fabrication 1-4-83 With Spirals and Superelevation 5-3-15
General 1-4-82 Resistance and Radial Trucks 16-2-7
Material 1-4-83 Speeds of Trains through Level Turnouts 5-3-13
Specifications for Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Spirals 5-3-2
Arches 1-4-17 Applying the Spiral to Compound Curves 5-3-6
Specification for Bituminous Coated Galvanized Steel Formulas 5-3-5
Pipe and Pipe Arches 1-4-17 Notation 5-3-4
Specification for Polymeric Coated Corrugated Purpose 5-3-2
Galvanized Steel Pipe or Pipe Arches 1-4-17 Staking Spirals by Deflections 5-3-5
Specifications for Corrugated Structural Aluminum Staking Spirals by Offsets 5-3-6
Alloy Plate Pipe, Pipe-arches, and Arches 1-4-26 The Spiral Curve 5-3-3
Fabrication 1-4-28 String Lining of Curves by the Chord Method 5-3-6
General 1-4-26 Process 5-3-7
Material 1-4-27 Scope 5-3-6
Specifications for Corrugated Structural Steel Plate Pipe, Tools Required 5-3-7
Pipe-arches, and Arches 1-4-24 Vertical Curves 5-3-15
Fabrication 1-4-26 CUTS 1-1-13
General 1-4-24

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-13


Index

D DEFECT DETECTOR SYSTEMS, ECONOMICS AND


LOCATION (CONT)
Types of Defect Detector Systems 16-5-2
DAMPPROOFING 8-29-5 Rolling Stock Detectors 16-5-2
Application 8-29-29 Wayside Condition Detectors 16-5-4
Method 8-29-29 DEFECT DETECTOR SYSTEMS, INTEGRATION OF 16-5-11
Preparation of Surfaces 8-29-29 DEFECT DETECTOR SYSTEMS, LOCATION OF 16-5-5
Temperature 8-29-29 DEFECT DETECTORS, DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR 16-5-8
Introduction 8-29-28 DEFECT DETECTORS, TYPES OF 16-5-2
Scope 8-29-28 DEFECT FOUND AFTER DELIVERY 4-3-31
Materials 8-29-28 DEFECTIVE MATERIALS, CONCRETE 8-1-7
Asbestos-Free Asphalt Roof Coatings 8-29-29 DEFECTS
Asphalt 8-29-28 Found After Delivery 4-3-31
Primer 8-29-28 DEFINITION, CONTINUOUS AND CANTILEVER STEEL
Coal-Tar Pitch 8-29-28 STRUCTURES 15-1-69
Coal-Tar Saturated Organic Felt 8-29-28 DEFINITION OF VERTICAL TRACK STIFFNESS 30-1-12
Creosote Primer 8-29-28 DEFINITIONS 15-9-32, 33-3-2, 2-1-1
Emulsified Asphalt Coating Compilation of Various Track Geometry Parameters and Related
Elements, Used When Describing Track Geometry 2-1-12
Protective 8-29-28 General 2-1-12
Emulsified Asphalt Coatings 8-29-28 The Horizontal Track Geometry 2-1-12
Woven Cotton Fabrics 8-29-28 The Longitudinal Vertical Track Geometry 2-1-14
DAPPING OR SIZING TIMBER BRIDGE TIES 7-1-17 The Track Geometry in the Track Plane 2-1-16
DATA 33-1-3 Related Terminology 2-1-16
DATA BASE, PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 16-9-15 The Track Geometry in the Transverse Vertical Plane
DATA COLLECTION 12-2-8, 17-2-3 2-1-15
Attitude Surveys 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Measurements 2-1-15
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1 Concrete Slab Track 8-27-5
Demographic Data 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Definition of Track Quality Index (TQI) 2-1-12
Environmental Data 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Track Quality Index 2-1-12
General 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Definitions of Rail Surface Conditions
Geographical and Physical Data 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Corrugations 2-1-2
Population and Ecomonic Data 12-2-9, 17-2-3 Discrete Anomalies 2-1-2
Transportation Demand Data 12-2-10, 17-2-3 General 2-1-2
Zoning Data 12-2-8, 17-2-3 Rail Head Profile 2-1-11
DAVIS FORMULA 16-2-4 Rail Profile Quality Index Definitions 2-1-11
DEAD LOAD 7-2-7, 8-16-9, 8-19-4, 15-1-16 Rail Wear Terminology 2-1-3
For Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles 7-3-3 Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-3
DEAD LOAD OR DEFLECTION ADJUSTMENT, PROVISION Equated Mileage Parameters 16-11-2
FOR FUTURE 8-26-38 Highway/Railway Grade Crossings 5-8-2
DEAD LOADS 8-26-13 Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) During Maintenance of
DECK 15-4-8 Roadway Machines 27-2-56
DEFECT DETECTOR SYSTEMS, ECONOMICS AND of Rail Surface Conditions 2-1-2
LOCATION 16-5-1 Railway Track Equipment Operator Sightlines and Visibility
Alert Train Crews or Dispatchers 16-5-9 Guideline for New On-Track Machinery 27-2-57
Rolling Stock Detectors 16-5-9 Sizing of Footings 8-3-7
Wayside Condition Detectors 16-5-10 Spread Footing Foundations 8-3-2
Design Considerations for Defect Detectors 16-5-8 and Terminology, Methods of Controlling Drifting Snow
General Information 16-5-8 1-6-21
Rail Mounted Detector Equipment 16-5-9 of Terms 15-1-6, 15-4-2
Design Criteria Cross Reference 16-5-9 of Track Quality Index (TQI) 2-1-4
Economics of Detectors 16-5-11 Types of Audit 6-5-6
Costs Eliminated or Reduced 16-5-13 DEFLECTION 15-1-12, 15-9-8, 8-17-17
General 16-5-11 Computation of 8-2-34
Initial and Annual Costs Incurred 16-5-12 Continuous and Cantilever Steel Structures 15-1-69
Integration of Defect Detector Systems 16-5-11 Control of 8-2-65
Introduction 16-5-2 Permanent Set 7-2-20
Location of Defect Detectors 16-5-5 DEFORMED WIRE FABRIC 8-2-28
General Criteria 16-5-5 DEGREE OF CONTROL, VEGETATION CONTROL 1-9-4
Rolling Stock Detectors Site Considerations 16-5-6 DELIVERY 5-6-15, 27-2-39
Wayside Condition Detectors Site Considerations 16-5-7 of Materials 15-4-3
References in 2002 AREMA Communications & Signals Of Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-28
Manual of Recommended Practice, Volume 2, Part 5 Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-6
Defect Detection Systems 16-5-14 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 12-2-8, 17-2-3
Summary 16-5-14 DEPRECIATION ACCOUNTING 16-12-23

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-14 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

DESIGN (CONT)
DEPRECIATION GROUPINGS 16-14-2 Camber 15-1-70
Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) 16-14-3 Cover Plates 15-1-71
Class Life Asset Depreciation Range System (ADR) 16-14-3 Definition 15-1-69
Class Life System 16-14-3 Deflection 15-1-69
Guideline Depreciation 16-14-3 Impact Load 15-1-70
Original 1942 Submission 16-14-2 Longitudinal Stiffeners 15-1-70
Section 94 (Technical Correction as of 1956) 16-14-2 Splices in Flexural Members 15-1-72
Tax Reform Act of 1986 16-14-4 Uplift 15-1-70
DEPRESSED FLOORS 6-4-14 of Crib Walls 8-6-2
DEPTH Criteria for a Locomotive Washing Facility 6-12-1
of Base of Footings 8-3-7 Introduction 6-12-2
of Borings 8-22-4 Location 6-12-2
of Embedment 8-20-11 Operations 6-12-2
DEPTH OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE CATENARY 33-2-9 Scope and Purpose 6-12-2
DESCRIPTION Washing Facility 6-12-3
Cellular Confinement System Specifications for Railroad Drip/Clean-up Area 6-12-5
Use 1-10-24 Service Equipment (Support Area) 6-12-6
Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-90 Typical Facility Arrangement 6-12-3
Generic Track Geometry Measuring Vehicle 2-2-2 Washer Building 6-12-5
Substructure Introduction 1-2-4 Washing System 6-12-3
DESIGN 1-1-12, 1-2-5, 1-2-20, 1-4-84, 5-6-14, 5-7-2, Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way Equipment
15-1-1, 15-10-1, 33-7-12, 33-7-18, 33-7-24 Repair Shops 6-9-1
Analysis, Rail Support 16-10-9 Introduction 6-9-2
Anchor Bolts and Rods 15-10-12 Design Considerations 6-9-3
of Anchored Bulkheads 8-20-11 Location 6-9-3
of Anchored Sheet Pile Walls 8-28-6 Organization 6-9-3
of Anchored Soldier Beam with Lagging Walls 8-28-8 Scope and Purpose 6-9-2
and Construction, Details of, Retaining Walls and
Abutments 8-5-8
Machine and Material Handling 6-9-9
General 6-9-9
1
Appendix 15-1-68 Machine Maintenance Area 6-9-4
Reactions 15-1-68 General 6-9-5
Supplemental Formulas 15-1-70 Machines Area
Assumptions 8-17-18 Large 6-9-4
of Backfill 8-5-7 Medium 6-9-4
Basic Allowable Stresses 15-1-36 Small 6-9-4
Cast Steel 15-1-40
Masonry 15-1-40
Other Workshop Areas 6-9-5
Carpentry Shop 6-9-6
3
Structural Steel, Rivets, Bolts and Pins 15-1-36 Electrical Machine Repair Area 6-9-7
Timber Bridge Ties 15-1-40 Electronic Equipment Room 6-9-8
Weld Metal 15-1-39 Engine Rebuild Area 6-9-6
Bearing Selection Criteria 15-10-6 General 6-9-5
of Braced Excavations 8-28-10 Hydraulic Repair 6-9-7
Bracing 15-1-66 Machine Shop 6-9-7
Bracing Members Used As Ties or Struts Only 15-1-68 Motor Car Repair 6-9-6
Bracing of Top Flanges of Through Girders 15-1-66
Paint Shop 6-9-5 4
Bracing of Viaduct Towers and Bents 15-1-68
Shop Equipment Repair and Maintenance 6-9-6
Cross Frames and Diaphragms for Deck Spans 15-1-67
Lateral Bracing 15-1-66 Steel Fabrication, Welding and Sheet Metal Shop
Portal and Sway Bracing 15-1-67
6-9-8
Test Bay 6-9-8
Bronze or Copper-Alloy Plates 15-10-8 Wash Bay 6-9-8
Cantilever Poles 8-12-3 Support Areas 6-9-9
of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls 8-28-5 First Aid Room 6-9-11
of Cantilever Soldier Beam with Lagging Walls 8-28-7 Flammable Storage 6-9-11
Cast Steel 15-10-7 Lunch and Locker Rooms 6-9-10
Central Guide Keys and Guide Bars 15-10-13 Materials Management Area 6-9-10
of Cofferdams 8-28-10 Office 6-9-9
Considerations Special Requirements 6-9-9
Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way Toilet Facilities 6-9-10
Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-3 Tool Room 6-9-10
Considerations for Future Expansion, Track and Typical Facility Arrangements 6-9-11
Roadway 12-3-34 Criteria for Corrugated Metal Pipes 1-4-56
Continuous and Cantilever Steel Structures 15-1-69 Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-1
Basic Design Assumptions 15-1-69 Equipment 6-11-2
Bracing 15-1-70 Auxiliary Functions 6-11-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-15


Index

DESIGN (CONT) DESIGN (CONT)


Control Consoles 6-11-2 Electrical Cleaning Solvent 6-4-19
Overview Displays 6-11-3 General Washing System 6-4-18
Functional Requirements 6-11-4 Locomotive Devicing 6-4-19
Dispatcher Location 6-11-4 Locomotive Toilet Servicing 6-4-19
Locker Facilities 6-11-4 Locomotive Washing 6-4-18
Lunch Room 6-11-4 Lubricating Oil
Relay Racks and Computer Equipment 6-11-4 Drainage 6-4-17
Service Spaces 6-11-4 Supply 6-4-17
Smoking Area 6-11-4 Oxygen/Natural Gas/Propane Systems 6-4-19
Supervisory Offices 6-11-4 Radiator Water Reclaim System 6-4-18
Room Finishes 6-11-6 Used Oil Filters 6-4-17
Computer and Technician’s Room 6-11-6 Water Supply Systems (Raw and Treated) 6-4-18
Console Room 6-11-6 Site Consideration 6-4-13
Offices 6-11-6 Criteria for Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-1
UPS and Battery Room 6-11-6 Introduction 6-16-2
Site Considerations 6-11-2 Services Provided 6-16-4
Support Systems 6-11-4 Site 6-16-2
Communications 6-11-5 Types of Main Line Fueling Activities 6-16-3
Fire Protection 6-11-5 Criteria for Observation Towers 6-10-1
HVAC Systems 6-11-5 Introduction 6-10-2
Lighting 6-11-4 Site Considerations 6-10-2
Uninterruptible Power Supply 6-11-5 Special Features 6-10-5
Wiring Spaces 6-11-5 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 6-10-5
Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-1 Tower Furnishings 6-10-6
Building Arrangement 6-4-13 Tower Roof Overhang 6-10-5
General 6-4-13 Tower Size 6-10-5
Building Superstructure Details 6-4-19 Towers 6-10-6
Floors 6-4-19 Tower Construction 6-10-3
Track Doors 6-4-19 General Construction Materials 6-10-3
Walls and Roof 6-4-19 Mechanical and Electrical Facilities and
Communications 6-4-22 Equipment 6-10-4
General 6-4-22 Types 6-10-2
Systems 6-4-22 General 6-10-2
Electric Lighting and Power Supply 6-4-21 Criteria for Railway Materials Management Facilities
General 6-4-21 6-7-1
Equipment and Related Facilities 6-4-14 Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-1
Depressed Floors 6-4-14 Electrical Equipment 6-2-16
Drop Tables 6-4-15 Electrical Considerations 6-2-16
Elevated Platforms 6-4-14 Lighting 6-2-16
Jacking Operation 6-4-15 Finish Materials 6-2-12
Locker and Toilet Facilities 6-4-16 Colors 6-2-13
Locomotive Progression Systems 6-4-15 Exterior Materials 6-2-12
Material Handling Platform 6-4-16 Floor Coverings and Finishes 6-2-12
Office 6-4-16 Furniture 6-2-14
Pits 6-4-14 Sound Control 6-2-14
Store Room 6-4-16 Wall and Ceiling Finishes 6-2-12
Truck Repairs and Overhaul 6-4-16 Fire and Life Safety 6-2-17
of Falsework Systems 8-28-14 Fire Protection 6-2-17
Fire Protection 6-4-23 Life Safety 6-2-17
Foreword 6-4-3 Functional Requirements 6-2-4
Classification 6-4-3 Employee Circulation Considerations 6-2-5
Definition 6-4-3 General Considerations 6-2-4
Scope 6-4-3 Special Equipment Considerations 6-2-5
Heating and Ventilating 6-4-20 Work Sequence Considerations 6-2-4
General 6-4-20 Mechanical Considerations 6-2-15
Heating 6-4-21 Elevators 6-2-16
Ventilating 6-4-20 Energy Efficiency 6-2-16
Pollution 6-4-22 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 6-2-15
Air 6-4-22 Plumbing 6-2-16
Noise 6-4-22 Site Considerations 6-2-3
Water 6-4-22 Code Requirements 6-2-3
Service Facilities 6-4-17 Expansion 6-2-3
Compressed Air 6-4-18 Landscaping 6-2-3
Location 6-2-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-16 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

DESIGN (CONT) DESIGN (CONT)


Parking 6-2-3 Windows and Skylights 6-3-9
Spacial Requirements 6-2-6 Site Considerations 6-3-3
Conference Room 6-2-9 Landscaping 6-3-4
File Space 6-2-7 Location 6-3-3
General Considerations 6-2-6 Parking 6-3-3
Office Space 6-2-7 Trackage 6-3-4
Space Required for Aisles 6-2-8 Space Requirements 6-3-5
Special Room Allowance 6-2-8 Heavy Repairs 6-3-7
Storage Spaces 6-2-8 Size 6-3-5
Structural Requirements 6-2-10 Special Areas 6-3-6
Floor Systems 6-2-10 Structural Requirements 6-3-5
Framing Systems 6-2-10 Building Types 6-3-5
Partitions 6-2-11 Floors 6-3-5
Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-1 Roofs 6-3-5
Electrical Systems 6-8-18 Structural Systems 6-3-5
Communications Support 6-8-20 Summary 6-3-12
Lighting 6-8-18 Criteria for Structural Plate Pipes 1-4-65
Power 6-8-19 of Track Cut Spike 5-2-5
Train Information Systems 6-8-19 Definition of Terms 15-10-3
Functional Requirements 6-8-7 Direct Fixation 12-4-98
Combination Freight and Passenger Stations 6-8-14 Elastomeric Bearings 15-10-8
Commuter Stations 6-8-12 Expansion Bearings 15-10-6
General Considerations 6-8-7 Fixed Bearings 15-10-6
Intercity Passenger Stations 6-8-7 Floor Members and Floorbeam Hangers 15-1-56
Intermodal Stations 6-8-14 End Connections of Floor Members 15-1-57
Introduction 6-8-3 End Floorbeams 15-1-56
General 6-8-3 Floorbeams and Floorbeam Hangers 15-1-57
Types of Stations 6-8-3
Mechanical Systems 6-8-17
Forms 8-1-21
Fracture Control Plan for Fracture Critical Members
1
Escalators/Elevators 6-8-19 Fatigue 15-1-67
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 6-8-17 General Features, Wood Railway Bridges 7-2-4
Plumbing 6-8-17 General Requirements 15-1-7, 15-10-5
Site 6-8-4 Camber 15-1-14
Development 6-8-4 Clearances 15-1-12
Selection 6-8-4 Deflection 15-1-11
Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-1
Building Codes 6-3-4
Dimensions for Calculations of Stresses 15-1-13
Materials 15-1-7
3
General 6-3-4 Nameplates 15-1-14
Environment Control 6-3-11 Open Deck Bridge Ties 15-1-14
Finish 6-3-8 Provision for Expansion 15-1-14
Exterior 6-3-8 Skew Bridges 15-1-14
Interior 6-3-8 Spacing of Trusses, Girders, and Stringers 15-1-11
General 6-3-3 Steel Inner Guard Rails and Guard Timbers 15-1-14
Advantages 6-3-3 Types of Bridges 15-1-11
Mechanical 6-3-9 Welding 15-1-10 4
Bins 6-3-11 General Rules 15-1-42
Car Moving Equipment 6-3-11 Accessibility of Parts 15-1-42
Hoists 6-3-10 Combinations of Dissimilar Types of Connections 15-1-44
Hose Reels 6-3-10 Connections and Splices 15-1-43
Jacking Systems and Related Equipment 6-3-9 Connections of Components of Built-Up Members
Jib Cranes 6-3-10 15-1-45
Mechanical, Electrical and Specialized Equipment Development of Fillers 15-1-44
6-3-7 Drainage of Pockets 15-1-42
Compressed Air 6-3-8 Eccentric Connections 15-1-43
Gutters and Downspouts 6-3-8 Effective Bearing Area of Rivets and Pins 15-1-42
Heating 6-3-7 Effective Diameter of Fasteners 15-1-42
Lighting and Power 6-3-8 Field Connections 15-1-44
Separation, Recovery or Disposal of Oil 6-3-8 Net Section 15-1-43
Sewers 6-3-8 Sealing 15-1-45
Ventilation 6-3-8 Slenderness Ratio 15-1-42
Miscellaneous Considerations 6-3-9 Thickness of Material 15-1-42
Doors 6-3-9 Welded Closed Box Members 15-1-45
Firewalls 6-3-9 of the General Zone 8-17-35
Walls 6-3-9 Inclined Bearings 15-10-12

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-17


Index

DESIGN (CONT) DESIGN (CONT)


Lining Railway Tunnels 8-11-2 Definition of Terms 15-1-6
Load, Forces and Stresses 15-1-16 Design of Public Works Projects 15-1-7
Dead Load 15-1-16 Drawings to Govern 15-1-7
Distribution of Live Load 15-1-17 Notice to Engineer 15-1-7
Bracing Between Compression Members 15-1-24 Patented Devices 15-1-7
Centrifugal Load 15-1-22 Permits 15-1-7
Combined Stresses 15-1-35 Proposals 15-1-6
Earthquake Loads 15-1-36 Shop Drawings 15-1-6
Fatigue 15-1-24 PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-10-14
Impact Load 15-1-20 of Public Works Projects 7-2-3, 15-1-7
Lateral Loads from Equipment 15-1-23 Qualification Specifications for Elastic Fasteners on
Longitudinal Load 15-1-24 Timber Cross Ties 5-9-1
Proportioning of Truss Web Members 15-1-36 General Requirements 5-9-3
Secondary Stresses 15-1-36 Fastener Profile 5-9-3
Stability Check 15-1-22 Minimum Acceptance 5-9-3
Wind Load on Loaded Bridge 15-1-23 Qualification Test Facility 5-9-3
Wind Load on Unloaded Bridge 15-1-23 Submittals 5-9-3
Live Load 15-1-17 Introduction 5-9-2
Loads and Forces 15-1-16 Terms 5-9-2
Loads Laboratory Qualifying Tests 5-9-3
of the Local Zone 8-17-43 Longitudinal Rail Restraint 5-9-5
Concrete 8-2-11 Repeated Load Test 5-9-6
Masonry 15-10-8 Rotational Restraint 5-9-8
Materials 15-10-9 Sampling 5-9-3
Members Stressed Primarily in Axial Tension or Test Configuration 5-9-3
Compression 15-1-46 Test Sequence 5-9-4
Compression Members 15-1-46 Uplift Test 5-9-4
Effective Area for Tension Members - Fatigue of Rail 4-1-1
15-1-50, 15-9-29 Recommended Rail Sections 4-1-1
Effective Net Area for Tension Members - Strength Reinforced Concrete 8-2-1
15-1-48, 15-9-29 Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-4
Lacing and Perforated Cover Plates for Tension and Riveted and Bolted Construction 15-1-57
Compression Members 15-1-48 Edge Distance of Fasteners 15-1-58
Outstanding Elements in Compression 15-1-47 Fasteners in Indirect Splices 15-1-59
Stay Plates 15-1-47 Grip of Rivets 15-1-57
Members Stressed Primarily in Bending 15-1-50 Minimum Spacing of Fasteners 15-1-58
Composite Steel and Concrete Spans 15-1-56 Pitch and Gage of Fasteners 15-1-57
Flange Sections 15-1-51 Sizes of Fasteners in Angles 15-1-58
Flange Splices 15-1-53 Roadway Signs 1-7-4
Flange-To-Web Connection of Plate Girders 15-1-52 Rocker Plates, Rockers and Rollers 15-10-10
Proportioning Girders and Beams 15-1-50 Scope 15-10-8
Rigid Frame Structures 15-1-60 Segmental Girder Guideways 12-4-97
Stiffeners at Points of Bearing 15-1-53 Shoes and Pedestals 15-10-10
Thickness of Web Plates 15-1-51 of Shoring Systems 8-28-5
Web Plate Stiffeners (Intermediate Transverse and Sole, Base and Masonry Plates 15-10-11
Longitudinal) 15-1-54 Specifications for Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-15
Web Splices 15-1-53 Specifications for Tunnel Construction 1-8-2
Method Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-5
Culverts 1-4-29 of Tie Plates for Use with Area Rail Sections 5-1-7
Methods Ties for Grade Crossing Panels 30-4-53
Reinforced Concrete 8-2-5 Timber 15-10-8
Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-9-56, 15-10-30 Values for Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) 7-2-11
Of Concrete Slab Tracks 8-27-8 Welded Construction 15-1-59
Of Mechanically Stabilized Embankments 8-7-2 Fillet Welds 15-1-60
Special Considerations 8-7-2 Fracture Critical Members 15-1-60
Of Waterfront Facilities 14-4-5 Material Weldability 15-1-60
Pile Foundations 8-4-2 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds 15-1-59
Pins and Pin-Connected Members 15-1-62 Transition of Thickness or Widths in Welded Butt
Forked Ends of Compression Members 15-1-63 Joints 15-1-59
Pins 15-1-62 Welded Attachments 15-1-60
Reinforcing Pates at Pin Holes 15-1-62 of Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles 7-2-1
Section at Pin Holes 15-1-62 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, TO RESIST SCOUR 8-5-9
Proposals and Drawings 15-1-6

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-18 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE ISSUES DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE BUILDINGS (CONT)
33-2-4 Plumbing 6-2-16
Third-rail Arrangements 33-2-3 Spacial Requirements 6-2-6
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN EQUATIONS, ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS 7-2-17
BOX CULVERTS 8-16-1 DESIGN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERTED,
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WAYSIDE/STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS 33-9-2
BOX CULVERTS METRIC DESIGN FEATURES
Backfill 8-16-14 Of Direct Fixation Fastening System 8-27-16
Backfill and Bedding Materials 8-16-5 DESIGN-GENERAL
Barrel and Apron 8-16-12 Design, Construction or Reconstruction of
Concrete 8-16-5 Highway/Railway At-Grade Crossings 5-8-3
Dead Load 8-16-7 DESIGN LOADS 8-16-7, 8-17-4
Definition 8-16-2 Falsework Systems 8-28-15
Design Considerations 8-16-6 DESIGN METHODS 8-16-6
Design to Accomodate Flow 8-16-6 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND CONCEPTS DESIGN
Drainage and Waterproofing 8-16-14 CONSIDERATIONS, TO RESIST SCOUR 8-5-9
Existing Embankment Materials 8-16-4 DESIGN PROCEDURE, TO RESIST SCOUR 8-5-9
Existing Foundation Materials 8-16-4 DESIGN STRESSES, LOADINGS, AND DEFLECTIONS,
General 8-16-7 FALSEWORK SYSTEMS 8-28-17
Impact Load 8-16-12 DESIGN OF WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES AND TRESTLES
Longitudinal Reinforcement 8-16-14 Loads, Forces and Stresses 7-2-7
Miscellaneous Materials 8-16-6 DESIGN OF WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES AND TRESTLES FOR
Miscellaneous Metal 8-16-5 RAILWAY LOADING
Other Forces 8-16-12 Allowable Unit Stresses for Stress-Graded Lumber 7-2-20
Reinforcement 8-16-5 Design Values for Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) 7-2-11
Scope 8-16-3 DESIGN THEORY AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Structural Design 8-16-6 8-17-18
Units 8-16-2 DESIGN VALUES FOR GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER
(GLULAM) 7-2-11
Wingwalls 8-16-12
DESIGN AND REVIEW RESPONSIBILITIES 15-9-32 DESIGNING BRIDGES TO RESIST SCOUR 8-5-9 1
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 16-1-8 Design Considerations 8-5-9
Balanced Profiles 16-1-11 Design Philosophy and Concepts 8-5-9
Communications Facilities 16-1-13 Design Procedure 8-5-9
Communications Facilities Required 16-1-9 DESIGNING FOR ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS 7-2-11
Compensation for Curvature 16-1-11 Design Equations 7-2-17
Design Values for Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) 7-2-11
Customer Service 16-1-9 DETAILED GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION IN ROCK 1-1-6
Environmental, and Public Policy Concerns 16-1-13
For Concrete Slab Track 8-27-23
DETAILED GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION IN SOIL 1-1-4 3
DETAILING PROVISIONS, SEISMIC DESIGN FOR RAILWAY
For Concrete Slab Tracks 8-27-8 STRUCTURES 9-1-25
For Defect Detectors 16-5-8 DETAILS OF DESIGN 8-16-12
Grade Through Tunnels 16-1-11 Wood Railway Bridges 7-2-38
Helper Districts 16-1-10 DETAILS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR
Initial Construction 16-1-8 ABUTMENTS AND RETAINING WALLS 8-5-11
Momentum Grades and Locomotive Short-Time Ratings DETAILS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR BRIDGE
16-1-11
Motive Power 16-1-9
PIERS 8-5-12
DETAILS OF INSPECTION, TIMBER STRUCTURES 7-5-2
4
Passing Sidings 16-1-12 DETAILS OF PRESTRESSING TENDONS AND DUCTS 8-17-12
Ruling Grades 16-1-10 DETAILS OF TRACK CALCULATIONS 16-10-28
Signal Design Concerns 16-1-12 DETAILS, CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 8-2-17
Terminal/System Operators 16-1-9 DETECTOR EQUIPMENT, RAIL MOUNTED 16-5-9
Transloading Facilities (Other Than Bulk) 14-4-77 DETECTORS
Vehicle Considerations 11-5-1, 17-5-3 Economics of 16-5-11
DESIGN CRITERIA 33-3-3 Rolling Stock 16-5-4
Cross Reference, Defect Detector Systems 16-5-9 Wayside Condition 16-5-4
Railway Buildings 6-1-12 DETERMINATION
Electrical 6-1-14 of the Causes of Concrete Deterioration 8-14-3
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning 6-1-13 of Groundwater Level 8-22-6
Materials 6-1-13 of Wave Heights 1-3-34
Overall Considerations 6-1-12 DETERMINING REHABILITATION NEEDS 16
Special Considerations 6-1-13 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Structural Considerations 6-1-13 Bundled Bars 8-2-26
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE BUILDINGS Deformed Bars in Compression 8-2-26
Mechanical Considerations Deformed Bars in Tension 8-2-25
Elevators 6-2-16 Deformed Wire in Tension 8-2-25
Energy Efficiency 6-2-16

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-19


Index

DEVELOPMENT OF FILLERS 15-1-44 DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONS 8-24-1


DEVELOPMENT OF PRESTRESSING STRAND 8-17-14 Bells or Underreams 8-24-10
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE, RAILWAY PASSENGER Casing 8-24-10
STATIONS 6-8-4 Concrete 8-24-9
DEVIATION SADDLES 8-26-37 Connection between Supported Structure and Drilled
DIAGRAMS Shaft 8-24-7
Clearance, Fixed Obstructions 28-1-1 Construction 8-24-9
Equipment 28-2-1 Contractor Qualifications 8-24-9
DIAMETER 27-1-6 Design 8-24-5
DIAPHRAGMS 8-17-17 Design Loads 8-24-3
DIAPHRAGMS, DEEP BEAMS, CORBELS AND BRACKETS, Dewatering 8-24-10
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 8-26-32 Field Survey 8-24-5
DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES 16-2-19, 16-3-11 General 8-24-2, 8-24-5
DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS, ENGINEERED COMPOSITE Group Action of Drilled Shafts 8-24-7
TIES 30-5-5 Information Required 8-24-5
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE, BONDED INSULATION RAIL Inspection 8-24-11
JOINTS 4-3-34 Material 8-24-9
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES Permanent Steel Casing Material 8-24-9
for Structural Members 15-3-4 Placing Concrete 8-24-11
DIMENSIONS Placing Steel 8-24-11
for Calculations of Stresses 15-1-13 Purpose and Necessity 8-24-2
Rail Anchors 5-7-3 Reinforcing Steel 8-24-9
Roadway Signs 1-7-4 Scope 8-24-2
DIRECT FIXATION 12-4-98 Shaft Excavation 8-24-9
Design 12-4-98 Sockets 8-24-10
Introduction 12-4-98 Subsurface Investigation 8-24-5
DIRECT FIXATION FASTENING SYSTEM 8-27-14 Temporary Casing Material 8-24-9
Design Features 8-27-16 Testing 8-24-12
Laboratory Testing of Fasteners 8-27-17 Capacity 8-24-12
DIRECT TRUCK LOADING 6-16-3 Integrity 8-24-12
DISC BEARINGS 15-10-32 Material 8-24-12
DISCRETE ANOMALIES 2-1-2 Tolerances 8-24-10
DISCUSSION 33-5-3 DRILLING 4-2-19
DISPATCHER LOCATION 6-11-4 DRIP/CLEAN-UP AREA 6-12-5
DISTANCE BETWEEN RAIL WEAR MEASUREMENTS 2-2-39 DRIVEN PILES 8-4-14
DISTRIBUTION DRIVING
of Flexural Reinforcement 8-2-64 Piles 7-4-5
of Live Load 15-1-17 Timber 7-4-7
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 33-4-5 DROP TABLES 6-4-15
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE DRY SAMPLE BORINGS 8-22-5, 8-22-8
STUDY 33-6-18 DRY SAMPLES 8-22-6
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TYPE 33-12-10 DRYERS, SAND FACILITY 6-6-8
DIVISION OF SUBJECT 15-7-3 DUCT
DOCUMENTATION, OTHER CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS Area 8-26-38
8-1-10 Confinement Reinforcement 8-26-40
DOORS 6-3-9 Minimum Radius of Curvature 8-26-38
Track 6-4-19 Size, Clearance and Detailing 8-26-39
DRAIN HOLES 15-6-46 Supports 8-26-39
DRAINAGE 1-1-25, 5-8-9, 8-3-14, 8-5-7, 8-16-14, 8-20-3, DUCT DETAILS 8-26-38
8-27-9, 11-3-6, 12-3-10, 17-3-4, 18-2-2 DUCTILITY LIMITS 8-17-28
Basin Data 1-3-3 DUCTS, POST-TENSIONING 8-17-13
Design for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-9 DYNAMIC BRAKING 16-3-13
During Placing of Concrete 8-11-7 DYNAMIC LOADING 16-10-9
and Erosion Control 1-1-62 DYNAMOMETER OR TEST CARS, FIELD TESTING 16-2-19
Information Required 8-28-4
of Pockets 15-1-42
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-9
DRAINS 8-11-6
DRAWINGS 33-7-11, 33-7-17, 33-7-21
Information on 8-3-15 E
DRIFT OR TRAFFIC PINS 15-4-5
DRILLED SHAFT 8-24-4
EARTH
Boring and Jacking Culvert Pipe through Fills 1-4-76
EARTHQUAKE

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-20 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

Forces 15-1-33 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 14-6-13, 27-2-43


ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS 15-1-43 Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-18
ECCENTRICITY ELECTRIFICATION FEEDING AND SECTIONALIZING
of Loads 8-4-3 ARRANGEMENTS 33-4-16
ECONOMIC ACCEPTANCE 12-2-6, 17-2-3 ELECTRIFICATION PARAMETERS 33-12-5
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS, RAILWAY LOCATION 16-1-2 ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS 33-12-7
ECONOMICS ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM LOAD 33-6-3
of Detectors 16-5-11 General 33-6-3
Energy Conservation and Audits 6-5-4 Traction Power Demand 33-6-3
of Plant, Equipment and Operations 16-i ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM SELECTION 33-6-15
of Various Types of Culverts 1-4-8 Achieving Cost Effective Electrification System Design
ECONOMY, JOINT YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-2 33-6-17
EDGE DISTANCE OF FASTENERS 15-1-58 Electrification Voltage 33-6-16
EFFECTIVE BEARING AREA OF RIVETS AND PINS 15-1-42 Electromagnetic Interference 33-6-16
EFFECTIVE DIAMETER OF FASTENERS 15-1-42 Substation Spacing 33-6-16
EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH 8-17-16 System Configuration 33-6-15
EFFECTIVENESS AND APPLICATIONS Utility Power Availability 33-6-16
Specifications for Snow Fences 1-6-24 Voltage Rise Along the Return System 33-6-17
EFFECTS ON ADJACENT LAND USES 17-7-3 ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS AND POWER SUPPLY 33-12-1
EFFECTS ON REVENUE OPERATION AND CUSTOMERS 17-7-3 ELECTRIFICATION VOLTAGE 33-6-16
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE LIMITS, WATER AND ELECTRIFICATION, OVERHEAD, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS
WASTEWATER COMPLIANCE 13-3-10 28-1-8
ELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS 8-17-40 ELECTRODES 5-5-26
ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS 15-10-17, 15-11-12 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE 33-6-16
Certification 15-11-16 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY
Design 15-10-18 33-12-28
External Steel Load Plates 15-11-13 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ROOM 6-9-8
Installation 15-11-16 ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DESIGN, INDUSTRIAL &
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 16-6-5
Marking 15-11-14
Materials 15-10-18, 15-11-12 ELEMENTS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM 6-5-3
1
Scope 15-10-17 ELEVATED CONSTRUCTION 33-12-28
Test Criteria 15-11-15 ELEVATED PLATFORMS 6-4-14
Tolerances 15-11-13 ELEVATED STRUCTURES, ACCOUNT 7 16-12-7
ELASTOMERIC BRIDGE BEARINGS ELEVATING PIPE
Acceptance Criteria 15-11-14 Sand Facility 6-6-9
ELECTRIC BRAKING 16-3-9 ELEVATING TANKS
ELECTRIC LAMP CHARACTERISTICS 33-10-19 Sand Facility 6-6-9
ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND POWER SUPPLY ELEVATION OF CURVES 5-3-11 3
Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-21 ELEVATIONS AND SPEEDS FOR CURVES 5-3-11
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES 16-2-16, 16-3-4 ELEVATORS 6-2-16
ELECTRIC TRACTION 33-5-3 EMBANKMENT 1-3-60
ELECTRIC TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS 12-2-19 EMBANKMENT. SEE MECHANICALLY STABILIZED
ELECTRIC TRACTION POWER 17-6-16 EMBEDDED TRACK 12-8-1
ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS 33-12-3 Appendix A - Commentary on Analysis of Lateral
ELECTRICAL 6-1-14 Acceleration and Jerk Rate for Establishing
Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-8 Superelevation and Spiral Length 12-8-23 4
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS CABINETS 27-2-43 Embedded Track Alignment 12-8-4
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 33-8-2 Introduction 12-8-2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNNING RAIL Rail12-8-8
33-12-22 Rail Fixation (Fastening) 12-8-22
ELECTRICAL CLEANING SOLVENT 6-4-19 Special Trackwork 12-8-22
ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES (AIR CLEARANCES) 33-2-3 Stations, Stops, Passenger Access & Safety 12-8-22
ELECTRICAL CONSIDERATIONS, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Support Structure 12-8-22
6-2-16 Wheel Rail Interface 12-8-8
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 33-1-3 EMBEDDED TRACK ALIGNMENT 12-8-4
ELECTRICAL EFFECTS 33-5-3 General 12-8-4
ELECTRICAL ENERGY UTILIZATION 33-i Horizontal Alignment 12-8-5
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 6-2-16 Vehicle Interface 12-8-4
ELECTRICAL MACHINE REPAIR AREA 6-9-7 Vertical Alignment 12-8-7
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES, CONCTRETE TIES 30-4-26 EMBEDMENT OF PRESTRESSED TENDON 8-17-49
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS, PASSENGER RAIL EMERGENCY INSPECTIONS 15-7-24
(COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND EMERGENCY OPERATION 15-6-15
SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-11 EMPLOYEE CIRCULATION CONSIDERATIONS, DESIGN
ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION TYPE 33-12-9 CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE BUILDINGS 6-2-5
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 27-2-31 EMPTY GONDOLA, HOPPER AND FLAT CARS 16-2-10

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-21


Index

END BEARINGS ENVIRONMENTAL 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 13-i


Piles 8-4-5 Air Quality Control 13-4-1
Splices 8-2-32 Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1
END CONNECTIONS Environmental Review Considerations 13-2-1
of Floor Members 15-1-57 Introduction 13-1-1
END FLOORBEAMS 15-1-56 Waste Management 13-5-1
END LIFTING DEVICES FOR SWING SPANS 15-6-108 Water and Wastewater Compliance 13-3-1
END SPLITTING CONTROL DEVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ACCEPTANCE 12-2-6, 17-2-3
For Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-19 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 11-3-4, 12-3-6,
END TIES 15-6-18 15-8-35, 17-3-3, 33-6-22
END TREATMENT 1-4-74 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SPOT
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 13-2-3 CAR REPAIR SHOPS 6-3-11
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDITS 6-5-1 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 12-2-9, 17-2-3
Advances in Energy Cost Savings for Railway Buildings ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND RECORDS 18-1-6
and Shop Facilities 6-5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
Boiler Optimization 6-5-5 For Materials Management Facilities 6-7-5
Microcomputer Applications 6-5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 6-16-8
Optimizing Electrical Demand 6-5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROVISIONS, YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-3
Small Scale Cogenerational Systems 6-5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 12-4-29, 17-4-4
Utility Monitoring and Reporting Operations 6-5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS 13-2-1
Appendix A 6-5-14 Endangered Speciec Act 13-2-3
Appendix B 6-5-15 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Over view 13-2-1
Audit Survey Instrumentation 6-5-8 National Historic Preservation Act 13-2-3
Boiler Test Kit 6-5-10 ENVIRONMENTAL, RIGHT OF WAY DESIGN CRITERIA AND
Measuring Electrical Systems 6-5-8 CONSIDERATIONS 17-3-4
Measuring Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning EPDM (ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE-MONOMERS) 8-29-14
EPOXY 8-14-6
(HVAC) 6-5-10
EQUALIZERS 15-6-46
Measuring Railway Building and Facility Shop Losses 6-5-8
Portable Electronic Thermometer 6-5-9 EQUATED MILEAGE PARAMETERS 16-11-1
Psychrometer 6-5-9 Examples 16-11-5
Scope 6-5-8 Introduction 16-11-2
Surface Pyrometer 6-5-9 Definition 16-11-2
Temperature Measuring Systems 6-5-9 Purpose 16-11-2
Elements of Energy Conservation Program 6-5-3 Tables 16-11-3
General 6-5-3 Track Component, Track Geometry and Traffic
Foreword 6-5-2 Loading 16-11-3
Introduction 6-5-2 Track Type and Track Components 16-11-3
Justification of Program 6-5-12 Traffic Loading 16-11-3
Life-cycle Costing 6-5-12 EQUIPMENT 27-1-19
Organization of Railroad Energy Management Program 6-5-7 Concrete 8-1-7
Auditor Qualifications 6-5-7 Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-2
Record Collection 6-5-7 Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-14
Strategies and Economics 6-5-4 Diagrams 28-2-1
Economics 6-5-4 General 28-2-2
Strategy 6-5-4 Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation 8-22-4
Types of Audits 6-5-6 Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-6
Categories 6-5-6 Roadway Construction and Maintenance 16-10-20
Cost/Opportunities 6-5-6 Selection for Vegetation Control 1-9-10
Definition 6-5-6 Track Construction and Maintenance 16-10-19
ENERGY DISSIPATION 8-23-21 EQUIPMENT CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS 17-2-4
ENERGY EFFICIENCY 6-2-16 EQUIPMENT DESIGN 33-6-23
ENGINE 27-2-5 EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TRAINING
ENGINE AND POWER TRAIN 27-2-26 Methods 27-1-22
ENGINE REBUILD AREA 6-9-6 Program Requirements 27-1-23
ENGINE SHOPS 12-4-31, 17-4-4 Retraining and Recertification 27-1-24
ENGINEERED COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-1 EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION
ENGINEERED POLYMER COMPOSITE (EPC) TIES 30-5-8 27-1-22
ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCT (EWP) TIES 30-5-10 EQUIPMENT, MISCELLANEOUS, ACCOUNT 58 16-12-21
ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS, DESIGNING FOR 7-2-11 ERECTION 15-4-1, 15-6-105, 8-17-50
ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS, SPECIFICATIONS FOR General
7-1-3 Allowable Stresses During Erection 15-4-5
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS (TRENDS, DERAILMENT Bearings and Anchorage 15-4-4
ANALYSIS, ETC.) 2-3-12 Company Equipment 15-4-9
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS 4-3-32, 4-3-38 Deck 15-4-8
ENVIRONMENT AND MAINTENANCE 14-4-54 Delivery of Materials 15-4-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-22 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

ERECTION (CONT) EVALUATIVE TESTS FOR TIE SYSTEMS (CONT)


Drawings or Special Provisions to Govern 15-4-3 Test 7: Fastener Electrical Impedance Test 30-2-19
Drift or Traffic Pins 15-4-5 Test 8: Single Tie Lateral Push 30-2-20
Erection Procedure 15-4-4 Tie Pad 30-2-10
Establishment of Lines and Elevations 15-4-4 Tie Performance Test Descriptions 30-2-3
Substructure Constructed by Company 15-4-4 EXAMINATION OF PERSONNEL
Substructure Constructed by Contractor 15-4-4 Recommended Qualifications for Operator Performing
Falsework 15-4-5 Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components 4-4-67
Field Assembly of Members 15-4-6 EXAMPLES OF RAILROAD-RELATED WASTE
Field Cleaning and Painting 15-4-8 Hazardous 13-5-7
Field Connections Using Pins 15-4-7 Universal 13-5-10
Field Inspection 15-4-7 EXAMPLES OF USED OIL FOUND ON RAIL FACILITIES
Field Welding 15-4-7 13-5-14
Fitting-Up of Field Connections 15-4-6 EXCAVATION 1-8-4
Handling and Storing Materials 15-4-4 Treatment of Bottom 8-3-15
High Strength Bolted Field Connections 15-4-7 EXCESS DIMENSION LOADS 28-3-10
Interference with Traffic 15-4-9 Measuring, Field Handbook 28-3-48
Laws and Permits 15-4-10 Reporting Measurements 28-3-49
Misfits 15-4-7 EXCESSIVE LOADING 8-19-11
Patents 15-4-10 EXCESSIVE LOADS, REPORT INFORMATION 28-3-11
Plans 15-4-3 EXECUTING A VEGETATION CONTROL PROGRAM 1-9-11
Steel Structure Fabricated by Contractor 15-4-3 EXECUTION OF WORK 1-5-10, 1-5-21, 1-5-28
Steel Structure Supplied by Company 15-4-3 EXHAUST SYSTEM 27-2-27
Plant 15-4-3 EXISTING BRIDGES 9-1-30, 15-7-1
Reinforcement of Members 15-4-5 General 15-7-2
Removal of Old Structure and Falsework, and Classification 15-7-2
Cleanup 15-4-8 Division of Subject 15-7-3
Risk 15-4-9 Form of Presentation 15-7-4
Rating of Bridges 15-7-3
Riveted Field Connections 15-4-6
Work Train Service 15-4-9 Rating of Equipment 15-7-3 1
Introduction Inspection 15-7-22
Definitions of Terms 15-4-2 Bridge Inspection Procedure 15-7-22
General 15-4-2 Emergency Inspections 15-7-24
Work to Be Done 15-4-3 General 15-7-22
of Machinery 15-6-105 Inspection Sketches for Identification of Members
Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-11-21 15-7-26
Periodic Inspections 15-7-23
Procedure 15-4-4
PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-11-9 Conditions to Report 15-7-24 3
Specifications for Right-of-way Fences 1-6-18 Special Inspections 15-7-24
of Trunnion Bearings and Counterweight Sheave Maintenance 15-7-28
Bearings 15-6-106 General 15-7-28
of Wire Ropes 15-6-107 Maintenance of Structural Elements 15-7-28
ERECTION LOADS 8-26-13 Maintenance Painting 15-7-28
Reinforcement Details 8-26-42 Rating 15-7-13
ESCALATORS/ELEVATORS 6-8-19 Action to be Taken 15-7-21
ESTABLISHMENT OF LINES AND ELEVATIONS 15-4-4 General 15-7-13 4
ESTIMATING 16-9-12 Inspection 15-7-13
ESTIMATING CONTRACTION SCOUR 1-3-31 Loads and Forces 15-7-14
ESTIMATING LOCAL PIER SCOUR 1-3-43 Stresses 15-7-16
ETS SYSTEM 33-12-25 Repair, Strengthening and Retrofitting 15-7-5
EVALUATING LOCAL SCOUR AT ABUTMENTS 1-3-49 Floor Systems 15-7-10
EVALUATION General 15-7-5
of Bridge 15-8-31 Other Structures 15-7-12
of the Effects of Deterioration and Damage 8-14-4 Plate Girders or Rolled Beams 15-7-8
Recommended Procedures for Operator Performing Trusses 15-7-10
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components EXPANSION 15-1-14, 6-2-3
4-4-69 and Contraction 8-17-14
of Results of a Vegetation Control Program 1-9-14 EXPANSION JOINTS 8-11-5
EVALUATION MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS 33-10-28 Rail 15-8-15
EVALUATIVE TESTS FOR TIE SYSTEMS 30-2-1 EXPENDITURES, AUTHORITY FOR 16-12-23
Ability to Resist 30-2-8 EXPLANATION OF CONTENTS OF ICC ACCOUNT LISTINGS
Bending 30-2-3 16-12-4
Fastener 30-2-11 EXPLORATION AND TESTING 1-1-3
Test 2: Rail/Plate Area Compression 30-2-7 EXPLORATION METHODS 8-22-5
Test 6: Wear/Abrasion 30-2-17

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-23


Index

EXTERIOR FABRICATION (CONT)


Finishes 6-3-8 Welded Construction 15-3-18
Materials 6-2-12 Flange-To-Web Welds of Flexural Members 15-3-19
General 15-3-18
Preparation of Material for Welding 15-3-18
F Tack Welds 15-3-19
Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications 15-3-19
FACILITIES
FABRIC for Inspection 15-3-20
Membranes 8-29-14 for Testing 15-6-75
FABRICATION 8-1-25, 7-2-43 Unloading and Loading 14-4-52
Culverts 1-4-10, 1-4-20, 1-4-26, 1-4-28, 1-4-83 FACILITIES AND STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS 11-4-1,
Materials - Reinforcing Steel 8-17-54 12-4-1, 17-4-1
Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-11-17 Bridges and Drainage Structures 11-4-14, 12-4-36, 17-4-4
PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-11-9 Crash Walls 11-4-15, 12-4-89, 17-4-4
Steel Structures 15-3-1 Direct Fixation 12-4-98
General 15-3-3 General Information 11-4-2, 12-4-3, 17-4-3
Abutting Joints 15-3-8 Multi-Modal Facilities 11-4-10, 12-4-7, 17-4-3
Dimensional Tolerances for Structural Members 15-3-4 Passenger Facilities 11-4-3, 12-4-3, 17-4-3
Facing Floorbeams, Stringers, and Girders 15-3-7 Segmental Girder Guideways 12-4-97
Fit of Stiffeners 15-3-7 Tunnels 11-4-15, 12-4-89, 17-4-4
Fitting of Base and Cap Plates 15-3-8 Yards and Shops 11-4-10, 12-4-11, 17-4-4
Flame Cutting 15-3-3 FACILITY DESIGN FACTORS 14-4-20
Flexural Member Web Plates, Riveted and Bolted FACILITY MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 11-7-3, 17-7-5
Construction 15-3-7 Cleaning 17-7-5
Lacing Bars 15-3-7 General 17-7-5
Material Orders and Shipping Statements 15-3-3 Snow and Ice Removal 17-7-5
Notice of Beginning Work 15-3-3 FACILITY RESPONSE PLANS, WATER AND WASTEWATER
Pin Clearances 15-3-8 COMPLIANCE 13-3-9
Pins and Rollers 15-3-8 FACILITY SIZE 6-16-4
Planning Sheared Edges 15-3-7 FACILITY TYPES, TRANSLOADING FACILITIES (OTHER
Quality of Workmanship 15-3-3 THAN BULK) 14-4-78
Storage of Material 15-3-3 FACILITY TYPES AND EQUIPMENT 14-4-15
Straightening Material 15-3-3 FACING FLOORBEAMS, STRINGERS, AND GIRDERS 15-3-7
Surfaces of Bearing Plates and Pedestals 15-3-8 FACTOR OF SAFETY 8-10-12, 27-1-13
Inspection 15-3-20 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MAKING ELECTRIFICATION
Facilities for Inspection 15-3-20 ECONOMIC STUDIES 33-1-1
High Strength Bolted Joints 15-3-20 Annual Operating Expenses 33-1-6
Inspector Authority 15-3-20 Fuel and Energy 33-1-7
Rejection 15-3-20 General 33-1-6
Welded Work 15-3-20 OCS/Third Rail Maintenance 33-1-7
Riveted and Bolted Construction 15-3-9 Signal and Communications Maintenance 33-1-8
Alignment of Finished Holes 15-3-15 Substations and Transmission Line Maintenance
Fitting for Shop Riveting or Bolting 15-3-15 33-1-8
High Strength Bolts, Nuts and Washers 15-3-10 Taxes 33-1-8
Installation of High Strength Bolts 15-3-10 Train Crew Wages 33-1-7
Match Marking 15-3-15 Vehicle Maintenance 33-1-7
Preparation of Holes for Field Fasteners 15-3-13 Capital Equipment Costs 33-1-4
Preparation of Holes for Shop Fasteners 15-3-12 Clearance Modification 33-1-6
Quantity of Field Fasteners 15-3-12 Communications 33-1-6
Reaming and Drilling Miscellaneous Power 33-1-6
After Assembly 15-3-15 Motive Power Maintenance Facilities 33-1-4
Templates for 15-3-14 Motive Power Units 33-1-4
Through Templates 15-3-14 Power Distribution Systems 33-1-5
Rivets and Riveting 15-3-9 Power Generating Facilities 33-1-5
Size and Workmanship of Holes 15-3-12 Power Transfer 33-1-5
Testing and Documentation of ASTM A325 and Signal Modification 33-1-6
A490 Bolts 15-3-15 Substations 33-1-5
Shipment and Pay Weight 15-3-21 General
Advance Material 15-3-22 Basic Procedure 33-1-2
Marking, Packaging and Loading 15-3-21 Data 33-1-3
Pay Weight 15-3-22 Electrical Distribution Systems 33-1-3
Shop Painting 15-3-19 Objective 33-1-2
Machined Surfaces 15-3-19 System Operation 33-1-2
Structural Steel 15-3-19 Intangible Benefits and Liabilities 33-1-9

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-24 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MAKING ELECTRIFICATION FENCES (CONT)


ECONOMIC STUDIES (CONT) Temporary Control Measure 1-6-23
General 33-1-9 Specification for Metal Fence Posts 1-6-10
Maintenance of Way Changes 33-1-8 Classes 1-6-10
General 33-1-8 Finish 1-6-10
Traffic 33-1-3 Inspection 1-6-13
Freight Traffic 33-1-3 Material 1-6-10
Passenger Trains 33-1-3 Special Fabrication for End, Corner, and Gate Posts 1-6-11
Traffic Projection 33-1-3 Special Fabrication for Line Posts 1-6-11
Train Schedules 33-1-4 Weights and Shapes 1-6-11
Train Size and Speed 33-1-3 Workmanship 1-6-10
FACTORS TO CONSIDER, MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY Specifications for Concrete Fence Posts 1-6-6
PRACTICES FOR TRACK GEOMETRY MEASURING Manfacturer 1-6-7
VEHICLES 2-4-1 Materials 1-6-6
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PREVENTIVE RAIL GRINDING Proportioning and Mixing 1-6-7
4-4-85 Specifications for Right-of-way Fences 1-6-13
FAILURE INVESTIGATIONS 8-22-3 Erection 1-6-18
FALSEWORK 15-4-5 General 1-6-13
FALSEWORK SYSTEMS Material 1-6-17
Construction 8-28-19 Specifications for Snow Fences 1-6-24
Design of 8-28-14 Effectiveness and Applications 1-6-24
Removing 8-28-19 Structural Fences 1-6-24
Review and Approval of 8-28-14 Tree and Shrub Plantings 1-6-39
Special Conditions 8-28-18 Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-4
FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY 12-2-16, 17-2-5 Delivery 1-6-6
FASTENER 30-2-11 Design 1-6-5
Test 5A: Fastener Uplift 30-2-11 Inspection 1-6-6
Test 5B: Fastener Longitudinal Restraint 30-2-13 Manufacture 1-6-5
Test 5C: Fastener Repeated Load 30-2-14
Test 5D: Fastener Lateral Load Restraint 30-2-15
Material 1-6-4
Physical Requirements 1-6-4
1
Test 5E: Fastener Assembly Rotation 30-2-16 Preservative Treatment 1-6-6
FASTENER INSERTS Stock Guards 1-6-20
Construction of Concrete Slab Track 8-27-11 General 1-6-20
FASTENER PROFILE 5-9-3 FENCES, SNOWSHEDS, AND SIGNS, ACCOUNT 13 16-12-9
FASTENER REQUIREMENTS 30-1-11 FENDER FLEXIBILITY 8-23-22
General 30-1-9 FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP COMPOSITES) 8-14-6
FIELD ASSEMBLY OF MEMBERS 15-4-6
FASTENERS 15-8-30
in Indirect Splices 15-1-59 FIELD CALIBRATION OF TRACK SCALE TEST WEIGHT 3
for Timber Trestles, Specifications 7-1-13 CARS 4-4
Material 7-1-13 FIELD CLEANING AND PAINTING 15-4-8
Types of Fasteners 7-1-13 FIELD CONDITIONS 8-3-14
Types of Rail Fasteners for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-26 FIELD CONNECTIONS 15-1-44
FASTENINGS 30-1-9 Using Pins 15-4-7
Fastener Requirements 30-1-11 FIELD HANDBOOK, MEASURING EXCESS DIMENSION
Fastener Requirements - General 30-1-9 LOAD 28-3-48
General 30-1-9 FIELD INSPECTION 4
Introduction 30-1-9 and Acceptance of Prefabricated Corrugated Steel Pipe
FASTENINGS AND OTM 18-2-4 and Pipe-arches 1-4-16
FATIGUE 15-1-24, 15-1-67, 15-6-18 Erection of Steel Structures 15-4-7
Stress Limit for Reinforcement 8-2-64 Vegetation Control 1-9-14
FATIGUE STRESS LIMITS 8-26-34 FIELD, RAIL FLAW IDENTIFICATION 4-4-3
Bonded Nonprestressed Reinforcement 8-26-34 Scope 4-4-3
Prestressed Reinforcement 8-26-34 FIELD SIDE GUARD OR SPACER TIMBERS 7-4-23
FEDERAL INCOME TAX 16-14-2 FIELD SURVEYS
FELT, MEMBRANES 8-29-14 Flexible Sheet Pile Bulkheads 8-20-3
FENCES 1-6-1 and Records 8-28-4
Methods of Controlling Drifting Snow 1-6-21 Retaining Walls and Abutments 8-5-3
Definitions and Terminology 1-6-21 Spread Footing Foundations 8-3-4
Justification and Scope 1-6-21 FIELD TESTS 8-1-35
References 1-6-21 FIELD WELDING 15-4-7
Specifications for Clearing and Mowing Vegetation FILE SPACE 6-2-7
1-6-23 FILLET WELDING 15-1-60
Specifications for Placement of Bungalows and Other FILLING OF FORMS 8-11-6
Structure 1-6-23 FILLS 1-1-20
Specifications for Roadbed Geometry 1-6-22 FINAL CONDITION 8-25-6

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-25


Index

FINAL PLANS AND WORK PREPARATION 25 FLEXIBLE SHEET PILE BULKHEADS (CONT)
FINISH 1-6-10, 4-3-18, 4-3-25, 4-3-30, 5-2-4, 5-10-3 Scope 8-20-15
Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-8 Commentary 8-20-17, 8-21-20
Formed Surface 8-1-48 Computation of Lateral Forces Acting on Bulkheads 8-20-6
Materials 17-4-3 Active Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge Loads 8-20-6
Design Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-12 Active Earth Pressure Due to Unbalanced Water
and Permissible Variation in Dimensions 5-1-4 Pressure 8-20-9
Rubbed 8-1-49 Active Earth Pressure Due to Weight of Backfill
Sidewalk 8-1-49 8-20-6
Unformed Surface 8-1-49 Passive Earth Pressure 8-20-9
FINISHES, DECORATIVE 8-1-53 Reduction of Weight in Passive Wedge Due to Upward
FINISHING 5-5-28 Seepage 8-20-9
FIRE Design of Anchored Bulkheads 8-20-11
Alarms Systems 7-4-19 Allowable Stresses 8-20-15
Barriers 7-4-19 Anchor Pull 8-20-13
and Life Safety 6-2-17 Anchorages 8-20-13
Prevention Connections 8-20-13
and Planning 14-1-6 Depth of Embedment 8-20-11
in Yards 14-1-3 Flexibility of Anchorage 8-20-13
Protection 6-2-17 Maximum Moment 8-20-11
Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-5 General 8-20-2
Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-23 Scope 8-20-2
Rolling Stock 14-1-5 Types 8-20-2
in Yards 14-1-4 Information Required 8-20-3
Yards and Terminals 14-1-3 Character of Backfill 8-20-3
Types of 15-8-29 Drainage 8-20-3
FIRE PROTECTION Field Surveys and Records 8-20-3
In Materials Management Facilities 6-7-6 Loads 8-20-3
FIRE-RETARDANT COATING FOR CREOSOTED WOOD Soil Investigation 8-20-3
Application Requirements and Instructions 7-1-21 Notations 8-20-16
General Product Requirements 7-1-20 Stability 8-20-10
Recommendations for 7-1-19 Calculations 8-20-10
Scope 7-1-19 FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Testing 7-1-22 Composite Concrete 8-2-35
FIREWALLS 6-3-9 Distribution of Reinforcement 8-2-19
FIRST AID ROOM 6-9-11 Lateral Reinforcement 8-2-20
FIT OF STIFFENERS 15-3-7 Maximum Reinforcement 8-2-49
FITS AND SURFACE FINISHES 15-6-33 Minimum Reinforcement 8-2-19
FITTING FOR SHOP RIVETING OR BOLTING 15-3-15 Web Plates, Riveted and Bolted Construction 15-3-7
FITTING OF BASE AND CAP PLATES 15-3-8 FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
FITTING-UP OF FIELD CONNECTIONS 15-4-6 Distribution 8-2-64
FIXED FACILITIES 6-16-3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 8-17-26
FIXED OBJECTS 11-3-5, 12-3-9, 17-3-3 of Prestressed Monoblock Ties 30-4-19
FLAKING 4-4-62 of Two-Block Ties 30-4-22
FLAME CUTTING 15-3-3 FLEXURE 8-2-40, 8-2-49
FLAMMABLE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FLEXURE REQUIREMENT, RAIL 30-1-8
In Materials Management Facilities 6-7-6 FLOATING EQUIPMENT, ACCOUNT 56 16-12-20
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL FLOORBEAMS AND FLOORBEAM HANGERS 15-1-57
Storage 6-9-11 FLOORS 8-11-2, 6-3-5, 6-4-19
FLANGE BEARING WHEELS 12-3-10 Coverings and Finishes 6-2-12
FLANGE REINFORCEMENT 8-17-45 Members and Floorbeam Hangers 15-1-56
FLANGE SPLICES 15-1-53 Systems 15-7-10, 6-2-10
FLANGE AND WEB THICKNESS-BOX GIRDERS 8-17-16 FLOW CONDITIONS 1-4-30
FLANGE WIDTH 8-17-16 FLY ASH AS AN ADMIXTURE TO CONCRETE 8-1-53
FLANGED SECTIONS 15-1-52, 8-17-27 FOOTINGS
FLANGE-TO-WEB CONNECTION OF PLATE GIRDERS 15-1-53 At Varying Levels 8-3-14
FLANGE-TO-WEB WELDS OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS Combined 8-3-15
15-3-19 Depth of Base 8-3-7
FLANGEWAY WIDTH AND DEPTH 5-8-11 On Non-Homogeneous Deposits 8-3-11
FLAT CLASSIFICATION YARDS DESIGN 14-2-25 On Soils with Cohesion and Friction 8-3-12
FLAT YARD Shallow
Design Factors 14-2-27 On Granular Material 8-3-8
FLEXIBILITY OF ANCHORAGE 8-20-13 On Saturated Clay 8-3-10
FLEXIBLE SHEET PILE BULKHEADS 8-20-1 Sizing 8-3-7
Cantilever Bulkheads 8-20-15 Stresses 8-3-14

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-26 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

FOOTINGS (CONT) FREIGHT TERMINALS, SPECIALIZED (CONT)


Unsaturated Silts and Clays 8-3-11 Introduction 14-4-13
With Eccentric Loads 8-3-12 Merchandise Terminal 14-4-59
FORCE ACCOUNT PROJECT ESTIMATES 16-7-4 Produce Terminals 14-4-59
FORCES, LOADS AND 8-19-4, 8-19-9 Transloading Facilities (Other Than Bulk) 14-4-76
FOREWORD Waterfront 14-4-3
Anchorage of Decks and Rails on Steel Bridges 15-8-13 General 14-4-3
Methods of Fireproofing Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-4-18 FREIGHT TRAFFIC 33-1-3
Steel Structures, Miscellaneous 15-8-1 FREIGHT YARDS AND FREIGHT TERMINALS 14-2-1
FORKED ENDS OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS 15-1-63 Flat Classification Yards Design 14-2-25
FORM COATING AND RELEASE 8-1-24 Design Factors 14-2-27
FORM FACTOR 7-2-20 General 14-2-25
FORMS 8-1-23, 8-11-6 Gradients 14-2-26
Program 16-9-5 Hump Classification Yard Design 14-2-7
FORMULA, COMBINED CENTER OF GRAVITY 28-3-54 Continuous Car Speed Control 14-2-12
FOUNDATIONS General 14-2-7
Character of 8-5-4 Hybrid Car Speed Control System 14-2-14
Conditions 1-4-7 Intermittent Car Speed Control 14-2-10
Drilled Shaft 8-24-1 Objective 14-2-14
Investigations 8-22-2 Introduction 14-2-3
Spread Footing 8-3-1 General 14-2-3
FOUNDATIONS, PIERS AND ABUTMENTS 8-21-3, 8-21-23 Terminal Design Considerations for Run Through Trains
FOUR-WHEEL CARS 16-2-10 14-2-29
FRACTURE CRITICAL MEMBER Characteristics of Run Through Trains 14-2-29
Scope 15-9-28 Design Features 14-2-31
FRACTURE CRITICAL MEMBERS 15-1-60, 15-1-65 Design Objectives 14-2-30
Definitions 15-1-65 Run Through Train Operation 14-2-30
Design and Review Responsibilities 15-1-65 Yard Facility Functions 14-2-30
Notch Toughness of Steel in Fracture Critical Members 15-1-65
Scope 15-1-65
Track Arrangement 14-2-4
General 14-2-4
1
Special Welding Requirements 15-1-65 Yard Components 14-2-4
FRACTURE TEST 5-7-3 Classification Yard 14-2-4
FRAME AND SUSPENSION 27-2-25 Departure Yard 14-2-5
FRAME, WHEELS, AXLES AND BEARINGS 27-2-6 Local Yard 14-2-6
FRAME, WHEELS, AXLES, AND BEARINGS 27-2-19 Miscellaneous Yard Tracks and Facilities 14-2-6
FRAMES AND CONTINUOUS CONSTRUCTION 8-17-15 Receiving Yard 14-2-4
FRAMING
Systems 6-2-10
Repair Yard 14-2-6
Yard Design for Remote Control Locomotives (RCL) 14-2-33
3
of Timber 7-4-4 Characteristics of Remote Control Locomotives
FREIGHT 14-2-33
Delivery and Transfer 14-3-1 General Yard Design or Redesign 14-2-34
FREIGHT OPERATIONS 11-3-5, 12-3-9, 17-3-3 Isolation of RCL Operations 14-2-35
FREIGHT TERMINALS, SPECIALIZED 14-4-1 Lighting 14-2-35
Automobile and Truck Loading/Unloading Facilities Walkways 14-2-35
14-4-31 FREIGHT-TRAIN CARS, ACCOUNT 53 16-12-18
Automobile Loading/Unloading 14-4-31 FREQUENCY OF MEASUREMENT, RAIL WEAR 4
Containerized Shipping 14-4-38 PARAMETERS 2-2-39
Military Vehicles 14-4-38 FREQUENCY OF TESTING 4-3-57
Security 14-4-39 FRICTION
Truck Chassis Loading/Unloading 14-4-37 Piles 8-4-5
Bulk-fluids 14-4-49 FRICTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 4-4-79
Buildings 14-4-53 FROG SHOP 14-7-5
Commodity Storage 14-4-53 FRP COMPOSITES 8-14-6
Environment and Maintenance 14-4-54 FUEL AND ENERGY 33-1-7
Introduction 14-4-49 FUEL CONSUMPTION 16-2-16
Security 14-4-54 FUEL OPERATED LIFT TRUCKS
Site Selection 14-4-50 In Materials Management Facilities 6-7-6
Terminal Configuration 14-4-55 FUEL STATIONS, ACCOUNT 19 16-12-10
Unloading and Loading Facilities 14-4-52 FUEL TANK 27-2-7, 27-2-27
Bulk-Solid 14-4-43 FUELING STATIONS 14-5-5
Design of Bulk Granular Solids Terminals 14-4-45 FUNCTION 5-7-2
Grain Elevators 14-4-43 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Design of Intermodal Facilities 14-4-13 Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-4
Design Factors 14-4-20 Design Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-4
Facility Types and Equipment 14-4-15 Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-7

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-27


Index

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (CONT) GENERAL (CONT)


Passenger Facilities Construction 1-1-33
Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair Construction of Protection of Roadbed Across Reservoir
and Servicing Facilities 6-13-3 Areas 1-3-34
System Design 33-6-20 Construction, Waterproofing 8-29-20
Yards and Shops 12-4-26, 17-4-4 Control 16-9-15
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS Corridor Evaluation 12-2-11, 17-2-4
MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 6-7-3 Corridor Identification 12-2-10
FUNCTIONS, ORGANIZATION 16-8-2 Corridor Implementation 12-2-25
FURNITURE 6-2-14 Corridor Implementation Considerations 17-2-5
Crib Walls 8-6-2
Culvert Rehabilitation 1-4-78
G Data Collection 12-2-8, 17-2-3
Definitions of Rail Surface Conditions 2-1-2
Definitions, Spread Footing Foundations 8-3-2
GAGE 5-5-22, 11-3-15, 12-3-13, 17-3-4
Depositing Concrete 8-1-38
GAGE LIMITS 17-7-4
Depositing Concrete Under Water 8-1-42
GAINS AND LOSSES 16-14-5
Depreciation Accounting 16-12-23
GAS TURBINE-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES 16-3-16
Description of a Generic Track Geometry Measuring
GEAR TEETH 15-6-40
Vehicle 2-2-2
GEARS AND PINIONS 15-6-102
Design 1-1-12
GENERAL 1-1-3, 1-3-5, 8-16-2, 15-7-2, 14-4-63, 27-1-1
Design Considerations 17-5-3
AC Electrification System Configuration 33-6-5
Design Criteria, Vehicle Cosiderations 17-5-3
Access Systems for Maintenance of Way Machines 27-2-62
Aggregates 8-1-9 Design Criteria for Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-2
Allowances for Horizontal Movements, Passenger Cars 28-3-3 Design Criteria, Parallel Railways and Highways 5-8-12
Anchorage Zones, Anchorage Blisters and Deviation Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-3
Saddles 8-26-34 Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-3
Annual Operating Expenses 33-1-6 Design Loads, Segmental Bridges 8-26-12
Assembly and Installation of Pipe Culverts 1-4-70 Design of Crib Walls 8-6-2
ASTM Designations 8-29-8 Design, Cantilever Poles 8-12-3
Authority for Expenditures 16-12-23 Design, Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-4
Ballast 16-10-12 Details of Design and Construction for Abutments and
Bar Codes and their Application for Roadway Work Retaining Walls 8-5-11
Equipment 27-1-18 Details of Design, Wood Railway Bridges 7-2-38
Applications 27-1-21 Diesel-Electric Locomotives 16-3-11
Bar Code Format 27-1-20 Drainage Basin Data 1-3-3
Benefits of Bar Codes 27-1-18 Earth Boring and Jacking Culvert Pipe Through Fills 1-4-76
Equipment 27-1-19 Economics of Detectors 16-5-11
Introduction 27-1-18 Electric Lighting and Power Supply 6-4-21
Manufacturers Requirements for Parts Books 27-1-21 Electric Locomotives 16-3-4
Bridge Construction and Maintenance 16-10-21 Electrical Requirements, Passenger Rail
Bridges, New 9-1-17 (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair and
Building Arrangement 6-4-13 Servicing Facilities 6-13-11
Building Codes 6-3-4 Electrification System Load 33-6-3
Building Construction and Maintenance 16-10-22 Elements of Energy Conservation Program 6-5-3
Building Systems 6-8-16 Equipment Diagrams 28-2-2
Calculating Rail Profile Quality Index (RPQI) 2-2-39 Estimating 16-9-12
Cantilever Poles 8-12-2 Evaluation Measurements and Tests 33-10-28
Capital Expenditure or Operating Expense 16-12-22 Facility Maintenance Operations 17-7-5
Cement 8-1-8 Factors to Consider in Making Electrification Economic
Cementitious Materials, Other 8-1-9 Studies 33-1-2
Clearances 17-3-3 Fastenings 30-1-9
Commentary, Pile Foundations 8-4-17 Federal Income Tax 16-14-2
Commentary, Reinforced Concrete Design 8-2-65 Fixed Obstructions 28-1-2
Communications 6-4-22 Flat Classification Yards Design 14-2-25
Compilation of Various Track Geometry Parameters and Flexible Sheet Pile Bulkheads 8-20-2
Related Elements, Used When Describing Track Commentary 8-20-17
Geometry 2-1-4 Flexural Strength, Segmental Bridges 8-26-24
Conclusions, Roofing Systems Descriptions and Formed Surface Finish 8-1-51
Recommendations for Selection 6-14-29 Forms 8-1-23
Concrete Admixtures 8-1-20 Forms, Railway Tunnel Lining 8-11-6
Concrete, Curing 8-1-48 Freight Yards and Freight Terminals 14-2-3
Considerations, Concrete Ties 30-4-4 Functions, Organization 16-8-2
Considerations, Ties 30-1-1 Gage 5-5-22

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-28 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

GENERAL (CONT) GENERAL (CONT)


General Care and Maintenance of Maintenance-of-Way Mixing, Concrete 8-1-37
Equipment (Including Rail Gear Equipment) 27-1-4 Mortar and Grout 8-17-52
General 27-1-4 Multi-modal Interfaces 17-2-5
General Considerations, Vehicle Considerations 17-5-2 Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-11-17
General Information Associated with Wire Rope as Used National Transportation Agency of Canada System of
on Roadway Work Equipment 27-1-6 Accounts 16-12-25
Abrasion Versus Flexibility 27-1-14 Natural Waterways 1-3-3
Cause of Failures 27-1-13 Oil Pollution Prevention 13-3-7
Classification of Wire Rope 27-1-9 Organization 16-8-6
Construction 27-1-7 Other Cementitious Materials 8-1-9
Diameter 27-1-6 Other Workshop Areas
Factor of Safety 27-1-13 Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way
General 27-1-6 Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-5
Grades of Wire Rope 27-1-12 Passenger Facilities 17-4-3
Introduction 27-1-6 Passenger Train Yards 14-6-8
Lubrication of Wire Rope 27-1-13 Penetrating Water Repellent Treatment of Concrete
References and Sources of Additional Information Surfaces 8-1-50, 8-1-58
27-1-15 Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
Types of Strand Construction 27-1-8 Physical and Mechanical Properties, Engineered
Wire Rope Connections 27-1-15 Composite Ties 30-5-4
Wire Rope Lays 27-1-11 Pile Foundations 8-4-2
Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation 8-22-3 Pile Types 8-4-9
Grading Rules for Hardwood Structural Timbers 7-1-3 Planning, Corridor Planning Considerations 12-2-4, 17-2-3
Grout for Post-Tensioning Tendons 8-17-11 Plans for Drive Spikes 5-10-5
Handling of Traffic 16-10-27 Plans for Track Tools 5-6-23
Heating and Ventilating 6-4-20 Primers 8-29-13
High Strength Concrete 8-1-52, 8-1-59 Production and Handling 1-2-13
Hump Classification Yard Design 14-2-7
ICC Primary Accounts 16-12-5
Property Asset Ledgers 16-12-25
Proportioning, Concrete 8-1-31
1
Identification of Technology 12-2-13, 17-2-5 Proposals and General Requirements 15-6-5
Illumination 33-10-2 Propulsion System Maintenance Operations 17-7-5
Illustrations, Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Provisional Post-Tensioning Ducts and Anchorages
Maintenance, Repair and Servicing Facilities 6-13-11 8-26-37
Increasing Clearances in Existing Tunnels 1-8-7 PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-11-9
Inspection 15-7-21 Rail Anchor Patterns Number of Rail Anchors to Resist
Inspection, Evaluation, and Planning 17-7-3 Rail Creepage 5-5-18
Inspection Pits 14-5-6 Rating 15-7-13 3
Inspection of Timber Structures 7-5-1 Rationale and Scope of Work, Vegetation Control 1-9-2
Insulation for Track Tools Standard Specifications 5-6-18 Recommended Clearance Specification to Provide for
Intangible Benefits and Liabilities 33-1-9 Overhead Electrification 33-2-2
Introduction 12-8-2, 15-4-2, 33-3-2 Recommended Colors for Painting Motor Cars, Roadway
Investment Tax Credit (ITC) 16-14-6 Machines, Work Equipment and Rail Guide Wheel
Joint Facilities 16-12-24 Equipment 27-1-3
Legal Clearance Requirements 28-3-19 General 27-1-3
Lining Railway Tunnels 8-11-2 Recommended Practices for Rail Anchor Application and 4
Load Factors 8-26-17 Maintenance 5-7-5
Loads and Forces 8-19-4 Recommended Practices for Rail/Wheel Friction Control 4-4-77
Location of Parallel Railways and Highways 5-8-10 Recommended Repair of Defective or Broken Rail in
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) During Maintenance of CWR 4-4-74
Roadway Machines 27-2-56 Records 8-22-8
Locomotive Facilities 14-5-2 Regional Transportation Interfaces, Interface with
Locomotive Sanding Facilities 6-6-2 Other Transportation Modes 12-2-19
Machine and Material Handling 6-9-9 Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-2
Maintenance 15-7-28 Reinforced Concrete Design 8-2-5
Maintenance Philosophy 17-7-3 Reinforcement, Concrete 8-1-17
Maintenance of Way Changes 33-1-8 Repair, Strengthening and Retrofitting 15-7-5
Material, Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-3 Repairs and Anchorage Using Reactive Resins 8-1-56
Materials, Tests and Construction Requirements 8-1-5 Requirements and Material, Segmental Bridges 8-26-4
Means of Protecting Roadbed and Bridges from Requirements, Shear and Torsion 8-26-25
Washouts and Floods 1-3-32 Right of Way Design Criteria and Considerations 11-3-5,
Measurement and Payment 1-2-15 12-3-9, 17-3-4
Method of Determining Rail Bond Sizes - Electric Right of Way Maintenance 17-7-3
Traction 33-7-4 Roadway Completion Reports 16-12-24
Methods of Analysis, Segmental Bridges 8-26-8 Roadway Construction and Maintenance 16-10-20

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-29


Index

GENERAL (CONT) GENERAL (CONT)


Rules for Rating Existing Concrete Bridges 8-19-2 Wastewater Pretreatment and Discharges 13-3-9
Rules for Rating Existing Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2 Water Body and Wetlands Permits 13-3-11
Sales and Use Tax 16-14-7 Water, Concrete 8-1-17
Sampling and Testing 1-2-14 Waterfront 14-4-3
Segmental Bridges 8-26-4 Wayside Lubrication of Rail on Curves 5-5-25
Slurry Wall Construction 8-25-2 Welded Construction 15-3-18
Construction 8-25-10 Yards and Shops 12-4-11, 17-4-4
Design 8-25-3 GENERAL ANALYSIS
Special Considerations, Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-8 Prestressed Concrete 8-17-14
For Engineered Polymer Composite (EPC) Ties 30-5-8 GENERAL APPROACH 12-3-35
For Engineered Wood Product (EWP) Ties 30-5-10 Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-34
Specification for Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-82 GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF
Specification for Stud Terminal Copper Rail Bonds 33-7-8 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY EQUIPMENT (INCLUDING
Specifications for Corrugated Structural Aluminum
RAIL GEAR EQUIPMENT) 27-1-4
Alloy Plate Pipe, Pipe-arches, and Arches 1-4-26
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A RAIL JOINT 4-3-4
Specifications for Corrugated Structural Steel Plate Pipe,
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Pipe-arches, and Arches 1-4-24
Design Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-4, 6-2-6
Specifications for Engineered Wood Products 7-1-3
Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-7
Specifications for Metal Crib Walls 8-6-5
Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-2
Specifications for Prefabricated Corrugated Steel Pipe
for Functional Requirements for Passenger Rail
and Pipe-arches for Culverts and Storm Drains, and
(Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair and
Underdrains 1-4-10
Servicing Facilities 6-13-3
Specifications for Reinforced Concrete Crib Walls 8-6-3
Main Line Fueling 14-5-8
Specifications for Right-of-way Fences 1-6-13
for Railway Building Design 6-1-10
Specifications for Timber Crib Walls 8-6-6
Special Requirements - Coach Shop 6-13-5
Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy
Special Requirements - Combined Coach Locomotive
Pipe 1-4-17
Shop 6-13-7
State Income Tax 16-14-5
Temporary Structures, Wood Railway Bridges and
Station Environment 14-6-3
Trestles 7-2-148
Stock Guards 1-6-20
Ties 30-1-1
Stores 14-7-2
Fastenings 30-1-9
Storm Water Discharges - Construction Activities 13-3-5
Influence of Cross Ties on Track Stiffness and Track
Storm Water Discharges - Industrial Activities 13-3-3
Transitions 30-1-12
Strategies and Techniques, Industrial & Systems
Introduction 30-1-3
Engineering 16-6-4
Lateral Loads 30-1-7
Structures Maintenance Operations 17-7-4
Load Environment 30-1-3
Sub-ballast Specifications 1-2-19
Longitudinal Load 30-1-8
Suggested Method for Charting All Obstructions 28-3-9
Suggested Method, Presenting Published Clearances 28-3-8
Rail 30-1-8
System Design Criteria 11-3-2, 12-3-3, 17-3-3 Vertical Loads 30-1-4
System Studies 33-6-18 Vehicle Considerations 11-5-1, 17-5-2
Temperature Expansion for Laying Rails 5-5-18 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, OBSERVATION
Temporary Structures for Construction 8-28-2 TOWERS 6-10-3
Terminal Planning 14-6-2 GENERAL CRITERIA, LOCATION OF DEFECT DETECTORS 16-5-5
GENERAL DEFINITIONS AND OBJECTIVES 17-6-2
Terms, Pier Protection Systems 8-23-2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION, VEHCLE CONSIDERATIONS
Third-rail Arrangements 33-2-3
17-5-4, 17-5-9
Ties for Grade Crossing Panels 30-4-53
GENERAL DESIGN, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 8-17-18
Ties for Turnouts 30-4-45
GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY BUILDINGS 6-1-8
Track Arrangement 14-2-4 GENERAL DETAILING, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 8-17-45
Track Construction and Maintenance 16-10-19 GENERAL ENGINEERING 18-1-1
Track Maintenance Limits 17-7-3 GENERAL FABRICATION 8-17-49
Track Maintenance Operations 17-7-4 GENERAL FEATURES OF DESIGN
Track and Roadway Considerations 11-3-6, 12-3-11, Steel Structures 15-8-3
17-3-4 Wood Railway Bridges 7-2-4
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-8 GENERAL INFORMATION
Traction Power Supply Requirements for Railroad AC Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1, 17-2-3
Electrification Systems 33-6-3 Environmental 11-2-1
Purpose 33-6-3 Design Considerations for Defect Detectors 16-5-8
Scope 33-6-3 Environmental, Introduction 13-1-1
Training 16-8-9 Facilities and Structural Considerations 11-4-2, 12-4-3,
Transloading Facilities (Other Than Bulk) 14-4-76 17-4-3
Unformed Surface Finish 8-1-52 ADA Requirements 11-4-2
Unit of Property, Definition of 16-12-5 Regulatory Requirements 11-4-2
Unloading Pits 15-8-17 Safety and Security 11-4-3
Sustainability 11-4-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-30 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

GENERAL INFORMATION (CONT) GEOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL DATA 12-2-10, 17-2-3


High Speed Rail Systems 17-1-1 GEOGRID SPECIFICATIONS FOR BALLAST AND
Introduction SUB-BALLAST REINFORCEMENT 1-10-28
Commuter and Intercity Rail Systems 11-1-1 Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements
Rail Transit 12-1-2 1-10-32
Maintenance of Way Considerations 11-7-1, 17-7-3 Construction Details and Methods 1-10-33
Signals, Communications, and Propulsion Introduction 1-10-28
Considerations 11-6-1, 17-6-1 Material Requirements 1-10-30
Track and Roadway Considerations 11-3-2, 12-3-2, Measurement and Payment 1-10-33
17-3-3 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-32
Use of Chapter 12 12-1-2 Separation Considerations 1-10-31
Vehicle Considerations 11-5-1, 17-5-1 GEOMETRY
GENERAL INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH WIRE ROPE of Anchorage Zone 8-17-34
AS USED ON ROADWAY WORK EQUIPMENT 27-1-6 GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATIONS 8-22-9
GENERAL AND INTRODUCTION GEOSYNTHETICS 1-10-1
Highway/Railway Grade Crossings 5-8-2 Cellular Confinement System Specifications for Railroad
GENERAL INTRODUCTION 33-4-8 Use 1-10-24
GENERAL OUTLINE, FIXED OBSTRUCTIONS 28-1-3 Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements
GENERAL PRACTICES, WATERPROOFING 8-29-12 1-10-26
Design 8-29-12 Construction Details and Methods 1-10-27
Types 8-29-13 Description 1-10-24
GENERAL PRINCIPLES, WATERPROOFING 8-29-4 Material Requirements 1-10-25
Purpose 8-29-4 Measurement and Payment 1-10-27
Scope 8-29-4 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-26
GENERAL PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS Geocomposite Drainage System Specifications for
Fire-Retardant Coating for Creosoted Wood 7-1-20 Railroad Applications 1-10-20
GENERAL PROVISIONS Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements
Specifications for Timber Piles 7-1-6 1-10-21
Geotextile Overwrap 1-10-21
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
All Timber Piles 7-1-10 Introduction 1-10-20 1
Design, Steel Structures 15-1-7 Material Requirements 1-10-20
Elastic Fasteners 5-9-3 Construction Details and Methods 1-10-22
and Materials 8-17-4 Measurement and Payment 1-10-22
Design Loads 8-17-4 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-21
Scope 8-17-4 Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast
Prestressed Concrete 8-17-4 Reinforcement 1-10-28
Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements
Specifications for Pipelines Conveying Flammable
Substances 1-5-3 1-10-32 3
Specifications for Pipelines Conveying Non-Flammable Construction Details and Methods 1-10-33
Substances 1-5-22 Introduction 1-10-28
Material Requirements 1-10-30
Specifications for Uncased Gas Pipelines within the Measurement and Payment 1-10-33
Railway Right-of-Way 1-5-10 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-32
GENERAL SCOPE, SPRING WASHERS 4-3-29 Separation Considerations 1-10-31
GENERAL WASHING SYSTEM 6-4-18 Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Track
GENERAL YARD DESIGN OR REDESIGN 14-2-34
GENERAL ZONE, DEISIGN OF 8-17-35
Separation/Stabilization Applications 1-10-2
Compliance, Inspection, and Sampling Requirements
4
GENERAL ZONE AND LOCAL ZONE 8-17-35
GENERALITIES, YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-1 1-10-8
Air Rights 14-1-2 Construction Details and Methods 1-10-8
Automatic Car Identification (ACI) System 14-1-2 Introduction 1-10-2
Environmental Provisions 14-1-3 Material Requirements 1-10-4
Fire Prevention in Yards 14-1-3 Measurement and Payment 1-10-9
Building Fire Protection 14-1-4 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-7
Fire Prevention and Planning 14-1-6 Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Drainage
Introduction 14-1-3 Applications 1-10-9
Rolling Stock Fire Protection 14-1-5 Compliance, Inspection, and Sampling Requirements
Summary 14-1-6 1-10-13
Joint Yards and Terminals 14-1-2 Construction Details and Methods 1-10-14
Agreement 14-1-2 Introduction 1-10-9
Material Requirements 1-10-10
Analyses 14-1-2 Measurement and Payment 1-10-14
Economy 14-1-2 Packing and Identification Requirements 1-10-13
Security Requirements 14-1-3 Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Erosion Control
Fire Protection 14-1-3 Applications 1-10-15
GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS FOR Compliance, Inspection and Sampling Requirements
RAILROAD APPLICATIONS 1-10-18 1-10-18

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-31


Index

GEOSYNTHETICS (CONT) GLULAM


Construction Details and Methods 1-10-18 Design Values for Glued Laminated Timber 7-2-11
Introduction 1-10-15 Structural Glued Laminated Timber 7-1-3
Material Requirements 1-10-15 GOUND MOTION LEVELS 9-1-8
Measurement and Payment 1-10-19 GRADATIONS 1-2-12
Packing nnd Identification Requirements 1-10-15 GRADE CLASSIFICATION 5-6-15
GEOTECHNICAL FABRIC GRADE RESISTANCE 16-2-8
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-9 GRADES OF WIRE ROPE 27-1-12
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY 33-6-20 GRADIENTS
GEOTECHNICAL SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION 8-22-1 Flat Yard Design 14-2-26
Classification 8-22-2 GRADING
Failure Investigations 8-22-3 Account 3 16-12-5
Foudation Investigations 8-22-2 Drainage, Site Preparation 14-7-9
Determination of Groundwater Level 8-22-6 Rules for Hardwood Structural Timbers 7-1-3
Exploration Methods 8-22-5 GRAIN ELEVATOR PITS AND SIMILAR UNDERGROUND
Core Borings in Rock 8-22-5 STRUCTURES 8-29-7
Dry Sample Borings 8-22-5 GRAIN ELEVATORS 14-4-43
Test Pits 8-22-5 GRAVITY LOADING LINES, SAND FACILITY 6-6-9
GRINDING CYCLES FOR PREVENTIVE GRINDING 4-4-90
General 8-22-3 GRINDING EQUIPMENT 5-10-9
Depth of Borings 8-22-4 GRINDING FROGS, TRACK CROSSING AND SWITCH POINTS
Equipment 8-22-4 5-10-10
Number and Location of Borings 8-22-4 GRINDING PRACTICE 5-10-9
Permits 8-22-4 GRINDING RAIL END SURFACE WELDS 5-10-10
Planning an Exploration Program 8-22-3 GRINDING STOCK RAILS 5-10-10
Introduction 8-22-2 GRINDING WELDED ENGINE BURNS AND THERMITE BUTT
Scope 8-22-2 WELDS 5-10-10
Miscellaneous 8-22-9 GRIP OF RIVETS 15-1-57
Backfilling Bore Holes 8-22-10 GRMS QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES, DAILY
Cleaning Site 8-22-10 2-2-15
Geophysical Explorations 8-22-9 GROOVES IN JOURNALS AND LININGS 15-6-103
In-Situ Testing of Soil 8-22-10 GROUNDING 11-3-22, 17-3-6
Records 8-22-7 GORUNDING/STRAY CURRENT 12-3-24
Core Borings 8-22-9 GROUNDING AND BONDING 33-12-21
Dry Sample Borings 8-22-8 GROUNDWATER LEVEL, DETERMINATION OF 8-22-6
General 8-22-8 GROUT
Scope 8-22-7 For Post-Tensioning Tendons 8-17-11
Sampling 8-22-6 GUARANTEE 33-7-10
Dry Samples 8-22-6 GUARD RAILS
Rock Cores 8-22-7 and Guard Timbers
GEOTEXTILE SPECIFICATIONS FOR RAILROAD TRACK Combined Use 7-4-23
SEPARATION/STABILIZATION APPLICATIONS 1-10-2 Use of 7-4-23
GEOTEXTILE OVERWRAP 1-10-19 GUIDANCE ON REHABILITATION OF TRACK AND
ROADWAY COMPONENTS 19
GEOTEXTILE SPECIFICATIONS GUIDELINES, POST-SEISMIC EVENT OPERATION
for Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-8 GUIDELINES 9-2-2
for Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-13 GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING FIRE DAMAGED STEEL
GLOSSARY RAILWAY BRIDGES 15-8-28
Building and Support Facilities 6-G-1 GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION OR
Clearances 28-G-1 RECONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAY/RAILWAY AT-GRADE
Concrete Structures and Foundations 8-G-1 CROSSINGS 5-8-2
Electric Energy Utilization 33-G-1 GUIDELINES FOR THE REHABILITATION OR MAINTENANCE
OF HIGHWAY/RAILWAY AT-GRADE CROSSINGS 5-8-7
Roadway and Ballast 1-G-1 GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS 6-3-8
Rail 4-G-1
Rail Transit 12-G-1
Seismic Design for Railway Structures 9-G-1 H
Steel Structures 15-G-1
Ties 30-G-1
Timber Structures 7-G-1 HAND BRAKES AND FOOT BRAKES 15-6-100
Track 5-G-1 HANDLING AND TRANSPORTING CONTINUOUS WELDED
Track Measuring System 2-G-1 RAIL 5-5-7
GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER HANDLING OF TIES FROM THE TREE INTO THE TRACK
Design Values for Glulam 7-2-11 30-3-23
HANDLING OF TRAFFIC 16-10-27
HANDLING, STORING AND SURFACE CONDITION OF
REINFORCEMENT 8-17-54

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-32 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

HARDWOOD STRUCTURAL TIMBERS, GRADING RULES 7-1-3 HIGHWAY/RAILWAY GRADE CROSSINGS (CONT)
HARMONIC DISTORTION AND SYSTEM RESONANCE STUDY Location of Parallel Railways and Highways 5-8-8
33-6-19 General 5-8-10
HARMONICS 33-12-23 General Design Criteria 5-8-12
HAZARD DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE 17-6-9 Limited Access Highways 5-8-13
HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS 13-4-12 Physically Restricted Areas 5-8-13
HAZARDOUS WASTE 13-5-4 Traffic Impact Studies 5-8-11
HEAD The Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-8
Checking 4-4-60 Ballast 5-8-9
HEADING, HEAT-TREATED CARBON STEEL TRACK BOLTS Drainage 5-8-9
AND CARBON-STEEL NUTS 4-3-25 General 5-8-8
HEADWALLS 1-4-68 Geotechnical Fabric 5-8-9
HEAT-TREATED CARBON STEEL TRACK BOLTS AND Lining and Surfacing Track 5-8-10
CARBON-STEEL NUTS, SPECIFICATION FOR 4-3-19 Rail 5-8-10
HEATING 6-3-7, 6-4-21 Removing and Replacing Track 5-8-10
and Seizing 15-6-30 Subgrade 5-8-9
and Ventilating 6-4-20 Tie Plates, Spikes, Anchors 5-8-10
HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING 6-1-13, Ties 5-8-10
6-2-15, 6-8-17 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES OVER RAILROADS 28-1-8
HEAVY REPAIRS 6-3-7 HISTORIC BUILDINGS 6-8-14
HEIGHT AND CHARACTER OF EMBANKMENT 1-4-7 HOISTS 6-3-10
HIGH (PRIMARY) VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND HOOKS, STANDARD 8-2-17
DISCONNECT SWITCHES 33-6-23
HIGH SPEED RAIL SYSTEMS 17-i HOPPER TYPE SCALES 6-1
Corridor Planning Considerations 17-2-1 General 6-2
Facilities and Structural Considerations 17-4-1 HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT 17-3-6
Introduction 17-1-1 HORIZONTAL DEVIATIONS AND VARIATIONS 17-7-4
HORIZONTAL GEOMETRY 11-3-15, 12-3-19
Maintenance of Way Considerations 17-7-1 HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT CLEARANCE ALLOWANCES,
Signals, Communications, and Propulsion PASSENGER CARS 28-3-3
Considerations 17-6-1 HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT OF PASSENGER CARS, 1
Track Roadway Considerations 17-3-1 CLEARANCE ALLOWANCES 28-3-3
Vehicle Considerations 17-5-1 HORIZONTAL SHEAR 7-2-30
HIGH STRENGTH BOLTED FIELD CONNECTIONS 15-4-7 HORIZONTAL TRACK GEOMETRY 2-1-4
HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS 15-3-10 HORSEPOWER 16-3-2
HIGH STRENGTH STEELS 15-8-30 HOSE REELS 6-3-10
HIGH VOLTAGE SUB-TRANSMISSION LINES 33-12-17 HOUSEKEEPING 7-4-19, 4-3
HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER TRAINS 16-2-10 HOUSES 15-6-7
HIGHWAY
Bridges 8-2-6
for Operators, Machinery, Hydraulic Equipment, 3
Electrical Equipment and Signal Devices 15-6-15
HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS 18-2-4
HUBS 15-6-43, 15-6-102
HIGHWAY REVENUE EQUIPMENT, ACCOUNT 55 16-12-19
HUMP CLASSIFICATION YARD DESIGN (FULL AUTOMATIC
HIGHWAY/RAILWAY GRADE CROSSINGS 5-8-1
CONTROL) 14-2-7
Crossing Surface Material Selection and Installation
HUMP YARD, OBJECTIVE 14-2-14
5-8-11 HVAC SYSTEMS, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CTC CENTERS
Crossing Surface Materials 5-8-11
6-11-5
Flangeway Width and Depth 5-8-11
Width of Crossing 5-8-11
HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGIC CONCERNS 12-4-41
HYDRAULIC COMPUTATIONS 1-4-34
4
General and Introduction 5-8-2
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
Definitions 5-8-2
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
Scope 5-8-2
HYDRAULIC REPAIR 6-9-7
Guidelines for the Design, Construction or
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 27-2-8, 27-2-27
Reconstruction of Highway/Railway At-Grade
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS 15-6-53, 27-2-40
Crossings 5-8-3
and Components 15-6-32
Design-General 5-8-3
HYDRAULICS OF CULVERTS 1-4-29
Railway Design and Geometrics 5-8-6
HYDROGEN ELIMINATION 4-2-14
Roadway Design and Geometrics 5-8-4
Guidelines for the Rehabilitation or Maintenance of
Highway/Railway At-Grade Crossings 5-8-7 I
Roadway Approach Rehabilitation and Maintenance 5-8-7
Track and Crossing Surface Rehabilitation and
Maintenance 5-8-8 ICC PRIMARY ACCOUNTS 16-12-5
License or Easement Applications (Highway - Street - IDENTIFICATION 5-7-4, 33-7-13, 33-7-19
Roadways 5-8-11 IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY 12-2-13, 17-2-5
General 5-8-13 Communications Technology 12-2-16, 17-2-5
Procedure 5-8-11 Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1
Purpose 5-8-11 Electric Traction Characteristics 12-2-19

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-33


Index

IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY (CONT) INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, RAILWAY


Fare Collection Technology 12-2-16, 17-2-5 APPLICATIONS (CONT)
General 12-2-13, 17-2-5 Performance Measures 16-6-9
Propulsion Technology 12-2-15, 17-2-5 Production Planning and Control 16-6-12
Route Technical Constraints 12-2-17 Summary of Railway Applications 16-6-17
Safety and Security Technology 12-2-16, 17-2-5
Signal Technology 12-2-15, 17-2-5 INDUSTRIAL TRACKS, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS 28-1-7
Stations and Facilities 12-2-17, 17-2-5 INFLUENCE OF CROSS TIES ON TRACK STIFFNESS AND
Track Technology 12-2-13, 17-2-5 TRACK TRANSITIONS 30-1-12
Vehicle Technology 17-2-5 Definition of Vertical Track Stiffness 30-1-12
Vehicle Technology Types 12-2-14 Track Transition Problems 30-1-12
ILLUMINATION 33-10-2 Track Transition Remedies and Practices 30-1-13
Evaluation Measurements and Tests 33-10-27 INFORMATION REQUIRED, SPREAD FOOTING
General 33-10-27 FOUNDATIONS 8-3-4
Illumination 33-10-2 INFORMATION REQUIRED, TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR
General 33-10-2 CONSTRUCTION 8-28-4
Lamps 33-10-19
Electric Lamp Characteristics 33-10-19 Drainage 8-28-4
Lighting of Fixed Properties 33-10-8 Field Surveys and Records 8-28-4
Factors Affecting Efficient Lighting 33-10-15 Loads 8-28-4
Maintenance 33-10-15 Soil Investigation 8-28-4
Outdoor Area Lighting - Floodlighting in Railroad Soil Properties 8-28-5
Yards 33-10-8 INITIAL AND ANNUAL COSTS INCURRED 16-5-12
ILLUSTRATIONS, PASSENGER RAIL INITIAL PREPARATION AND SERVICING 27-2-35
(COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND INQUIRY OR PURCHASE ORDER 7-1-6
SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-11 IN-SITU TESTING OF SOIL 8-22-10
ILLUSTRATIONS OF RAIL SURFACE CONDITIONS 4-4-60 INSPECTING IRON AND STEEL BRIDGES 18-3-39
Corrosion4-4-70 INSPECTING MASONRY BRIDGES 18-3-37
Corrugation 4-4-68 INSPECTING TIMBER BRIDGES 18-3-38
Flaking 4-4-62 INSPECTION 1-2-14, 1-2-25, 4-3-18, 4-3-32, 4-3-38,
Head Checking 4-4-60 5-1-5, 5-2-4, 5-6-14, 5-7-4, 5-10-4, 8-19-3, 8-21-2,
Shelling 4-4-66 8-25-13, 15-3-20, 15-7-13, 15-7-22, 33-7-14,
Spalling 4-4-64 33-7-20, 33-7-27, 16-8-2
IMPACT FACTORS, VERTICAL LOADS 30-1-5 Bonded Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-32
IMPACT LOAD 7-3-3, 8-19-4, 15-1-20, 15-1-70, 15-6-18, and Classification of Second Hand Rail for Welding
15-9-10 4-3-53
IMPACT PROPERTIES 5-2-3 of Concrete and Masonry Structures 8-21-1
IMPEDANCE BOND FAILURE MODES FOR SIGNALS 33-5-5 Conducting an 6-15-3
IMPEDANCE BOND FUNCTIONS 33-5-5 of Continuous Welded Rail in Track 5-5-13
IMPERIAL UNITS 8-16-10 Details of 7-5-2
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES 17-2-5 Earthquakes 7-5-4
and Plan 12-2-20 Fire Protection 7-5-4
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY, WATER AND WASTEWATER Identification 7-5-2
COMPLIANCE 13-3-4, 13-3-6, 13-3-7, 13-3-10, Substructure 7-5-3
13-3-12 Superstructure 7-5-3
IMPREGNATION 7-4-19 Track 7-5-3
IMPROVEMENT, PUBIC 16-7-1 Waterway 7-5-2
IN PLACE INSTALLATION OF CONCRETE INVERT 1-4-81 General 8-21-2
INCLINED BEARINGS 15-1-64 High Strength Bolted Joints 15-3-20
INCREASES TO ALLOWABLE STRESSES TO TEMPORARY Methods 16-8-4
STRUCTURES 7-2-148 Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-38
INCREASING CLEARANCES IN EXISTING TUNNELS 1-8-7 of Pile Driving 8-4-16
INDEX OF CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL MANUAL Purpose of 18-3-36
MATERIAL 5-5-16 of Railway Buildings 6-15-1, 6-15-2
INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, RAILWAY Conducting an Inspection 6-15-3
APPLICATIONS 16-6-1 Inspection Reports 6-15-5
Organization Issues 16-6-2 Inspections 6-15-3
Overview 16-6-2 Inspectors 6-15-2
Project Design and Mangement 16-6-3 Organization and Inspection Preparation 6-15-2
Project Management with Cross-Functional Team Reporting 18-3-36
16-6-3 Reports 6-15-5
Recommended Design Steps for Effective Results Sketch for Identification of Members 15-7-24
16-6-3 Specification for Metal Fence Posts 1-6-13
Strategies and Techniques 16-6-4 Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-6
Elements of Effective Design 16-6-5 Structural Protection 8-21-5
General 16-6-4 and Tests
Operations Research 16-6-7 Waterproofing 8-29-20

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-34 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

INSPECTION (CONT) INTERNAL COMBUSTION 15-6-77


of Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-16 INTERNAL STRUCTURAL REPAIRS 8-14-13
of Timber Structures 7-5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-9-2, 15-10-3, 18-1-2, 33-8-2, 16-4-2
Welded Work 15-3-20 Accounting 16-12-4
Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2 Air Quality Compliance 13-4-2
INSPECTION AND REJECTION 33-7-10 Application of Rail Bonds 4-3-31
INSPECTION CHECK LIST 18-2-12 Bridge and Drainage Structures 12-4-36
INSPECTION DOORS 8-11-6 Bulk-fluids 14-4-49
INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND PLANNING 11-7-2, Cantilever Poles 8-12-2
17-7-3 Commuter and Intercity Rail Systems 11-1-1
General 17-7-3 Concrete Structures, Repair and Rehabilitation 8-14-3
Signals 17-7-3 Conditions Requiring Headwalls, Wingwalls, Inverts and
Structures 17-7-3 Aprons and Requisites Therefore 1-4-68
Track 17-7-3 Construction, Bridge Bearings 15-11-1
Traction Power 17-7-3 Contact Wire Ampacity 33-4-21
INSPECTION OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES Damproofing 8-29-28
General 8-21-1 Defect Detector Systems, Economics and Location
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 16-5-2
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100 Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-34
INSPECTION OVERVIEW 18-3-10 Design Criteria for a Locomotive Washing Facility
INSPECTION PITS 14-5-6 6-12-2
INSPECTION PLAN 36 Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way
INSPECTION PROCEDURES 18-2-11 Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-2
Recommended Procedures for Operator Performing Design Criteria for Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-2
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-3
4-4-69 Design of Intermodal Facilities 14-4-13
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS, FABRICATION OF
CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL 4-3-51 Direct Fixation 12-4-98
INSPECTION, TIMBER STRUCTURES 7-5-1 Economics and Location of Defect Detector Systems
Details of Inspection 7-5-2 16-5-2
Embedded Track 12-8-2
1
General 7-5-1
INSPECTIONS 6-15-3 Energy Conservation and Audits 6-5-2
Environmental 13-1-1
Results of 18-3-36 General Information 13-1-1
INSPECTOR AUTHORITY 15-3-20 Equated Mileage Parameters 16-11-2
INSPECTORS, RAILWAY BUILDINGS 6-15-2 Fastenings 30-1-9
INSTALLATION Fire Prevention in Yards 14-1-3
Cantilever Poles 8-12-2 Flexural Strength 8-17-26
Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates Freight Yards and Freight Terminals 14-2-3
General Considerations, Engineered Composite Ties
3
1-4-90
of High Strength Bolts 15-3-10 30-5-2
of Metal Crib Walls 8-6-5 General Considerations, Ties 30-1-3
General Information, Rail Transit 12-1-2
Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings 15-11-16 Geocomposite Drainage System Specifications for
of Piles 8-4-14 Railroad Applications 1-10-18
of Reinforced Concrete Crib Walls 8-6-4 Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast
Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-12 Reinforcement 1-10-28
INSTALLATION VERIFICATION TESTING 33-6-29
INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 12-2-8, 17-2-3
Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation 8-22-2
Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Track 4
INSTRUCTIONS Separation/Stabilization Applications 1-10-2
for Measuring Excess Dimension Loads 28-3-49 Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Drainage
Applications 1-10-8
INSULATION 27-2-26 Geotextile Specifications for Railroad Erosion Control
of Track 15-6-15 Applications 1-10-13
for Track Tools Standard Specifications 5-6-18 Guidelines for Evaluating Fire Damaged Steel Railway
INSULATION COORDINATION STUDY 33-6-20 Bridges 15-8-28
INTANGIBLE BENEFITS AND LIABILITIES 33-1-9 High Speed Rail Systems 17-1-1
INTEGRATION OF DEFECT DETECTOR SYSTEMS 16-5-11 Hydraulics of Culverts 1-4-29
INTERCITY PASSENGER STATIONS 6-8-7 Inspection of Concrete and Masonry Structures 8-21-1
INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS 17-5-2 Locomotive Sanding Facilities 6-6-2
INTERFERENCE WITH TRAFFIC 15-4-9 Observation Towers 6-10-2
INTERIOR CONDITION/MACROETCH STANDARDS 4-2-15 Organization 16-8-2
INTERIOR DIMENSIONS 8-11-2 Planning, Budgeting and Control 16-15-2
Design, Tunnels 1-8-2 Program Development 16-9-2
INTERIOR, FINISH 6-3-8, 6-8-16 Programming Work 16-9-2
INTERLOCKING 15-6-15 Public Improvement Costs and Benefits 16-7-1
INTERLOCKING SYSTEM 17-6-7 Rail Transit 12-1-1
INTERMODAL FACILITY Recommended Minimum Performance Guideline for Rail
Design of 14-4-13 Testing 4-4-60
INTERMODAL STATIONS 6-8-14

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-35


Index

INTRODUCTION (CONT) JOINT FACILITY DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES


Recommended Practices for Measuring Rail Wear 12-2-12, 17-2-4
Parameters 2-2-38 JOINT RAILROAD/TRANSIT OPERATION 12-4-36
Recommended Practices for Using, Redressing, JOINT YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-2
Sharpening and Replacing Handles in Track Tools JOINTED TRACK AND WHERE TEMPERATURE EXPANSION
5-6-57 IS PROVIDED 5-5-19
Roadway Material Reclamation and Fabrication JOINTING, TYPES OF 8-1-28
Facilities 14-7-4 JOINTS
Roofing Systems Descriptions and Recommendations for Construction 8-1-29, 8-1-44, 8-1-46
Selection 6-14-2 Construction of Concrete Slab Track 8-27-11
Safety/Security, Rail Transit 12-1-3 Contraction 8-1-29
Segmental Girder Guideways 12-4-97 Expansion 8-1-28
Seismic Design for Railway Structures 9-1-3 Watertight Construction 8-1-30
Taxes 16-14-2 JOURNAL BEARINGS 15-6-36
Tunnels 16-10-23 JOURNALS 15-6-101
Waste Management 13-5-2
Water and Wastewater Compliance 13-3-2
INVENTORY 9-2-22 K
INVENTORY OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 16-15-6
INVERTS AND APRONS 1-4-70
INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT (ITC) 16-14-6 KEYS
IRS SUBMISSIONS 16-14-5 and Keyways for Machinery Parts 15-6-43
ISOLATION OF RCL OPERATIONS 14-2-35 KEYS AND KEYWAYS 15-6-102
ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN SELECTING AND USING KEYS FOR TRUNNIONS 15-6-44
TQIS 2-3-16

J L
LABORATORY QUALIFYING TESTS 5-9-3
JACKING OPERATION 6-4-15 LABORATORY TESTING
JACKING SYSTEMS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT 6-3-9 Of Fasteners for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-17
JIB CRANES 6-3-10 LACING
JOINING OF RAIL 4-3-1 Bars 15-3-7
Application of Rail Bonds 4-3-31
Application Procedures 4-3-32 and Perforated Cover Plates for Tension and
Introduction 4-3-31 Compression Members 15-1-48
Weld Integrity - Preventing Martensite Formation in LADDER TRACK YARDS WITH CAR SPEED CONTROL
Welded or Brazed Applications 4-3-31 14-2-28
General Characteristics of a Rail Joint 4-3-4 LADLE ANALYSIS 4-3-20, 5-2-2
Inspection and Classification of Second Hand Rail for LAITANCE 8-11-7
Welding 4-3-53 Removing 8-1-43
Joint Bars and Assemblies 4-3-5 LAMPS 33-10-19
Rail Drillings, Bar Punchings and Bolts 4-3-13 LAND AVAILABILITY 12-2-13, 12-2-14, 17-2-4
Specification for Fabrication of Continuous Welded Rail LAND FOR TRANSPORTATION PURPOSES, ACCOUNT 2
4-3-49 16-12-5
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Track Bolts LANDSCAPING
and Carbon-Steel Nuts 4-3-19 Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-4
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Electric-Flash Passenger Facilities 17-4-3
Butt Welding of Rail 4-3-46 Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Thermite and Servicing Facilities 6-13-3
Welding of Rail 4-3-55 Railway Office Buildings 6-2-3
Specifications for Bonded Insulation Rail Joints 4-3-32 LAP SPLICES 8-2-31
Specifications for Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated LATERAL BRACING 15-1-61
Rail Joints 4-3-38 LATERAL DISPLACEMENTS AND SUPERELEVATION
Specifications for Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars, 33-2-10
Microalloyed Joint Bars, and Forged Compromise LATERAL FORCE
Joint Bars 4-3-15 Other 7-2-9, 7-3-4
Specifications for Spring Washers 4-3-29
LATERAL FORCES FROM EQUIPMENT 15-1-20
JOINT
LATERAL LOADS 30-1-7
Expansion, in Walls 8-1-28 Distribution 30-1-7
JOINT BARS Environmental 30-1-7
and Assemblies 4-3-5 LATERAL RAIL RESTRAINT 30-4-26
Quenched Carbon-Steel, Microalloyed, and Forged LATERAL REINFORCEMENT 8-2-21
Compromise 4-3-15 LATERAL STREAM 1-3-23
JOINT BEAMS, PERMANENT 8-25-9 LATERAL SUPPORT 8-4-6
JOINT FACILITIES 16-12-24 LAWS AND PERMITS 15-4-10
LAY 15-6-72

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-36 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY 8-19-2


LAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS 8-19-9
and Maintenance of Continuous Welded Rail 5-5-6 LOAD DISTRIBUTION 30-1-5
Procedure for Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) on LOAD ENVIRONMENT 30-1-3
Existing Track 5-5-8 LOAD FACTOR
Rail 5-5-4 Design 8-2-48
LAYOVER YARDS 12-4-34, 17-4-4 LOAD FACTORS 8-26-17, 8-17-18
LEAD AGENCIES, VEGETATION CONTROL 1-9-16 LOAD GAUGE 33-2-10
LEGAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS 28-3-19 LOADING 1-2-13, 4-2-24
LEGENDS FOR ROADWAY SIGNS 1-7-4 Combination 8-2-15
LENGTH 4-2
Live and Dead 1-4-7
Determination, Pile 8-4-6
Tests 8-4-8
Steel Rails 4-2-19
LOADING CONDITIONS
LEVEL TANGENT TRACK 16-2-3
For Concrete Slab Track 8-27-6
LICENSE OR EASEMENT APPLICATIONS (HIGHWAY –
STREET – ROADWAYS) 5-8-14 LOADS 1-4-58, 8-3-4, 8-4-2, 8-4-17, 8-5-3, 8-10-4,
LIFE CYCLE COSTS 6-5-12 8-20-3, 15-8-17, 15-8-27
and Forces 7-2-7
LIFE SAFETY 6-2-17
Column 8-3-16
LIFT TRUCKS
Combined Axial and Bending 7-2-29
In Materials Management Facilities 6-7-6
Computing Curve Offsets on 28-3-18
LIGHT DENSITY AND SHORT LINE RAILWAYS 18-i
Eccentric
LIGHTING
Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-4 In One Direction 8-3-12
Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-18 In Two Directions 8-3-13, 8-3-14
Electricial Equipment 6-2-16 Eccentricity 8-4-3
For Materials Management Facilities 6-7-5 Exclusive of Earth Pressure 8-5-4
and Power 6-3-8 and Forces 7-2-7, 8-19-4, 8-19-9, 15-1-13, 15-7-14
Sand Facility 6-6-10 Information Required 8-28-4
Yard Design for Remote Control Locomotives (RCL) On Piles 8-4-3
14-2-35
LIGHTING OF FIXED PROPERTIES 33-10-8
Other 8-19-4
and Stresses 15-8-4
1
LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS, PARALLEL RAILWAYS AND LOADS AND FORCES
HIGHWAYS 5-8-13 For Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles 7-2-7, 7-3-3
LIMITING TEST VALUES 1-2-11 LOADS, FORCES AND STRESSES
LINE For Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles 7-2-7
Bearing Load 15-6-31 LOCAL SCOUR 1-3-22
LINING LOCAL ZONE, DESIGN OF 8-17-43
Tunnels 1-8-6
LINING RAILWAY TUNNELS 8-11-1
LOCAL ZONE, AND GENERAL ZONE 8-17-35
LOCALIZED REPAIRS 1-4-79
3
Concrete 8-11-7 LOCATION 4-2
Consolidation 8-11-7 of Defect Detectors 16-5-5
Drainage During Placing 8-11-7 Design Criteria for a Locomotive Washing Facility
Laitance and Bonding 8-11-7 6-12-2
Order of Placing 8-11-7 Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way
Shotcrete 8-11-7 Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-3
Specification 8-11-7 Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-3
Design 8-11-2 of Parallel Railways and Highways 5-8-10 4
Conduit and Inserts 8-11-6 Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair
Construction and Expansion Joints 8-11-5
Drains 8-11-6 and Servicing Facilities 6-13-1
Floors 8-11-2 Railway 16-1-1
Interior Dimensions 8-11-2 Roadway Signs 1-7-2
Preliminary Data 8-11-2 Sand Facility 6-6-10
Refuge Niches 8-11-6 Site Considerations 6-2-3
Sidewalls and Arch 8-11-3 LOCATION OF METERING EQUIPMENT 33-6-28
Forms 8-11-6 LOCKER AND TOILET FACILITIES 6-4-16
Filling 8-11-6 LOCKER ROOM 6-9-10
General 8-11-6 LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) DURING MAINTENANCE OF
Inspection Doors 8-11-6 ROADWAY MACHINES 27-2-56
Removal 8-11-6 Definitions 27-2-56
General 8-11-2 General 27-2-56
Scope 8-11-2 Procedures 27-2-58
LINING AND SURFACING TRACK 5-8-10 Requirements 27-2-57
LININGS 15-6-36, 15-6-102 LOCOMOTIVE ELECTRIC INTERACTION WITH THE
LIVE 8-16-9 CATENARY 33-8-2
LIVE LOAD 7-2-8, 7-3-3, 8-16-20, 8-19-4, 15-1-17,
15-6-18

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-37


Index

LONG-TERM ELEVATION STREAMBED CHANGES


LOCOMOTIVE FACILITIES 14-5-1, 33-1-4 (AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION) 1-3-21
Buildings 14-5-3 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS 8-26-12
Design Considerations 14-5-4 LONGITUDINAL FORCE 7-3-4, 15-9-12, 15-1-21, 15-9-44
Diesel, Diesel-Electric and Electric 14-5-7 LONGITUDINAL FORCES 8-19-1
Shop Building and Appurtenances 14-5-7 LONGITUDINAL LOAD 30-1-8
General 14-5-2 Distribution 30-1-8
Buildings 14-5-3 Environment 30-1-8
Design Considerations 14-5-4 LONGITUDINAL RAIL RESTRAINT 5-9-5, 30-4-26
Miscellaneous Facilities 14-5-4 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT 8-2-21
Requirements 14-5-2 LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS 15-1-70
Site Selection 14-5-3 LONGITUDINAL THRUST 15-6-40
Track Layout 14-5-3 LONGITUDINAL VERTICAL TRACK GEOMETRY 2-1-6
Inspection Pits 14-5-6 LONG-TERM PLANNING 16-15-6
General 14-5-6 LOSS OF PRESTRESS 8-17-21
Main Line Fueling 14-5-8 LOW HEAT INPUT 5-5-26
Common Design Considerations 14-5-10 LUBRICANTS AND/OR FRICTION MODIFIERS 4-4-80
General Considerations 14-5-8 LUBRICATING OIL
Types of Fueling Facilities 14-5-9 Drainage 6-4-17
Requirements 14-5-2 Supply 6-4-17
Sanding 6-6-1 LUBRICATION 15-6-38, 15-6-107
Introduction 6-6-2 Rail 16-2-8
General 6-6-2 of Wire Ropes During Fabrication 15-6-72
Sanding Facility 6-6-7 LUBRICATION OF WIRE ROPE 27-1-13
Air Loading 6-6-10 LUMBER AND TIMBER, STRUCTURAL GRADES OF
Air Pressure 6-6-9 SOFTWOOD 7-1-3
Capacity 6-6-7 LUNCH ROOM 6-9-10, 6-11-4
Dryers 6-6-8
Elevating Pipe 6-6-9
Elevating Tanks 6-6-9
Gravity Loading Lines 6-6-9
M
Lighting 6-6-10
Location 6-6-10 MACHINE AND MATERIAL HANDLING, CENTRALIZED
Nozzles 6-6-10 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY EQUIPMENT REPAIR SHOPS
Platform 6-6-10 6-9-9
Sand Cocks 6-6-9 MACHINE MAINTENANCE AREA, CENTRALIZED
Storage and Service Tanks 6-6-7 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY EQUIPMENT REPAIR SHOPS
Track 6-6-10 6-9-4
Transfer from Storage to Servicing Tanks 6-6-8 MACHINE MOLDING 15-6-102
Unloading 6-6-8 MACHINE SHOP 6-9-7
Servicing Facilities 14-5-5 MACHINERY 15-6-36
Fueling Stations 14-5-5 Design 15-6-22
Sanding 14-5-5 and Hydraulic Design 15-6-6
Site Selection 14-5-3 and Hydraulic Drawings 15-6-6
Track Layout 14-5-3 Losses 15-6-21
LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE 33-1-7 Manufacture 15-6-101
LOCOMOTIVE MECHANICAL INTERACTION WITH THE Parts 15-6-28
CATENARY 33-8-9 Resistances 15-6-20
LOCOMOTIVE SHOP, MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS Supports 15-6-22
6-13-10 MACHINES 15-6-76
LOCOMOTIVE SHOP, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS - MACHINES AREA, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CENTRALIZED
COMBINED COACH LOCOMOTIVE SHOP 6-13-8 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY EQUIPMENT REPAIR SHOPS
LOCOMOTIVE SHOP AND/OR COACH SHOP, STRUCTURAL Large 6-9-4
REQUIREMENTS 6-13-9 Medium 6-9-4
LOCOMOTIVES 16-4-2 Small 6-9-4
Account 52 16-12-18 MACRO SITE SELECTION 6-16-2
Capacity 16-3-3 MAIN LINE FUELING FACILITIES, TYPES OF 6-16-3
Classification 16-3-4 MAINTENANCE 1-1-48, 15-7-28, 33-10-15, 16-8-4
of Bridges with Continuous Welded Rail 15-8-16
Deicing 6-4-19 of Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) in Track 5-5-14
Diesel 16-2-19 of Earth Slopes 1-1-58
Diesel-Electric 16-3-11 Painting 15-7-28
Electric 16-2-16, 16-3-4 Philosophy 17-3-4, 17-4-4
Gas Turbine-Electric 16-3-16 Practices 1-2-15
Progression Systems 6-4-15 of Roadbed 1-1-48
Toilet Servicing 6-4-19 of Rock Slopes 1-1-56
Washing 6-4-18 of Structural Elements 15-7-28

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-38 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

MAINTENANCE (CONT) MAINTENANCE OF WAY WORK EQUIPMENT 27-i


Tunnels 16-10-23 MAINTENANCE OF WAY - WORK EQUIPMENT BULLETIN
MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY 11-3-13, 11-7-2, 12-3-13, 27-2-21
12-4-18, 17-7-3 MAINTENANCE, PLANNED 16-8-2
Effects on Adjacent Land Uses 17-7-3 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY 1-7-2
MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY ANNUAL EXPENSE BUDGET
Effects on Revenue Operations and Customers 17-7-3 16-15-10
General 17-7-3 MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY CAPITAL BUDGET 16-15-8
Program Maintenance and Spot Repairs 17-7-3 MAJOR BRIDGE COMPONENTS 18-3-31
Reliability Under Adverse Weather Conditions 17-7-3 MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 18-3-30
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES THAT CAN ADVERSELY MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 13-5-5
EFFECT CLEARANCES 28-3-67 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE 13-5-4
MAINTENANCE OF RAIL 4-4-1 MANHOLES 8-10-3
Beveling or Slotting of Rail Ends 4-4-95 MANPOWER OPERATION 15-6-76
Field, Rail Flaw Identification 4-4-4 MANUFACTURE 4-2-3, 4-3-15, 5-1-2, 5-6-14, 5-10-2,
Illustrations of Rail Surface Conditions 4-4-58 8-6-4, 8-6-5, 33-7-8
Rail Grinding Best Practices 4-4-82 Specification for the Quality Assurance of Thermite
Recommended Calibration Rails for Rail Flaw Detection Welding of Rail 4-3-55
System 4-4-71 Specifications for Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars,
Recommended Minimum Performance Guideline for Rail Microalloyed Joint Bars, and Forged Compromise
Testing 4-4-61 Joint Bars 4-3-15
Recommended Practices for Rail/Wheel Friction Control Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-5
4-4-95 MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION 4-2
Friction Measurement Systems 4-4-99 MANUFACTURE OF CALIBRATION RAILS 4-4-64
General 4-4-95 MANUFACTURE OF PRECAST UNITS 8-16-15
Lubricants and/or Friction Modifiers 4-4-100 MANUFACTURE OF RAIL 4-2-1
Measuring Friction Control Effectiveness 4-4-96 Specifications for Steel Rails 4-2-3
Scope 4-4-95 MANUFACTURER 15-6-71
Recommended Procedures for Operator Performing Specifications for Concrete Fence Posts 1-6-7
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components MANUFACTURERS REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTS BOOKS
4-4-68 27-1-21
Recommended Qualifications for Operator Performing
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track 4-4-65
MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS, FABRICATION OF 1
CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL 4-3-49
Recommended Repair of Defective or Broken Rail in CWR MAPS
4-4-80 Base Acceleration Coefficient 9-1-11
Reconditioning Rail Ends 4-4-95 MARINE PROTECTION 12-4-42
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS 4-3 MARKING 4-3-25, 4-3-38, 4-3-42, 5-1-5, 5-2-4, 5-10-4,
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND SERVICING FACILITIES FOR 33-7-15, 33-7-21, 33-7-27
PASSENGER RAIL (COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE 6-13-1 Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings 15-11-14
Electrical Requirements 6-13-11 and Stamping 4-3-18
Functional Requirements 6-13-3 MARKING, PACKAGING AND LOADING 15-3-21 3
Illustrations 6-13-11 MARKINGS 4-2-24
Maintenance and Repair Areas 6-13-6 MASONRY 15-1-41
Mechanical Requirements 6-13-9 Structures, Inspection of 8-21-1
Site Considerations 6-13-2 MASS FLOW METERS 8-1
MATCH MARKING 15-3-15
Special Equipment 6-13-9 MATERIAL 1-4-10, 1-4-18, 1-4-24, 1-4-27, 1-4-83,
Special Requirements - Coach Shop 6-13-5 4-3-29, 5-6-13, 15-6-13, 27-2-24
Special Requirements - Combined Coach Locomotive Cantilever Poles 8-12-2
Shop 6-13-7 Concrete Ties 30-4-9 4
Structural Requirements 6-13-9 Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-3
MAINTENANCE OF TIMBER STRUCTURES, AND Handling of, Timber Structures 7-4-3
CONSTRUCTION 7-4-1 Handling Platform 6-4-16
MAINTENANCE OF WAY CHANGES 33-1-8 Handling, Timber Piles 7-4-3
MAINTENANCE OF WAY CONSIDERATIONS 11-7-1, 17-7-1 Recommended Practice for for Simple Stress Laminated
Facility Maintenance Operations 11-7-3, 17-7-5 Deck Panels 7-2-40
General Information 11-7-1, 17-7-3 Requirements
Inspection, Evaluation, and Planning 11-7-2, 17-7-3 Cellular Confinement System Specifications for
Maintenance Philosophy 11-7-2, 17-7-3 Railroad Use 1-10-25
Propulsion System Maintenance Operations 11-7-3, Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-10
17-7-5 Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-15
Right of Way Maintenance 11-7-2, 17-7-3 Railroad Track Stabilization Applications 1-10-4
Signal and Communications Maintenance Operations System Specifications for Railroad Applications
11-7-3, 17-7-4 1-10-20
Specification for Metal Fence Posts 1-6-10
Structures Maintenance Operations 11-7-2, 17-7-4 Specifications for Right-of-way Fences 1-6-17
Track Maintenance Limits 11-7-2, 17-7-3 Specifications for Lumber, Timber, Engineered Wood
Track Maintenance Operations 11-7-2, 17-7-4 Products, Timber Piles, Fasteners, Timber Bridge
MAINTENANCE OF WAY EQUIPMENT 17-7-3 Ties and
MAINTENANCE OF WAY SHOPS 12-4-34, 17-4-4

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-39


Index

MATERIAL (CONT) MATERIALS (CONT)


Recommendations for Fire-Retardant Coating for and Fabrication 8-17-49
Creosoted Wood 7-1-1 For Concrete Slab Tracks 8-27-7
Specifications for Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-15 and General Requirements 8-17-4
Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-4 Grout for Post-Tensioning Tendons 8-17-11
Storage of 7-4-3 High Strength Concrete 8-1-52, 8-1-59
MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP 33-7-12, 33-7-17, for Machinery and Similar Parts 15-6-16
33-7-24 Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-10-29, 15-11-17
MATERIAL INVENTORY RECORDS 18-1-7 Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-39
MATERIAL ORDERS AND SHIPPING STATEMENTS 15-3-3 Non-Prestressed Reinforcement 8-17-11
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 1-10-4, 1-10-10, 1-10-15, Penetrating Water Repellent 8-1-51
1-10-20, 1-10-25, 1-10-30 Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR LUMBER, TIMBER, Prestressing Tendons 8-17-10
ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS, TIMBER PILES, PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-10-14, 15-11-9
FASTENERS, TIMBER BRIDGE TIES AND Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-3
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FIRE-RETARDANT COATING Reinforcing Steel 8-17-53
FOR CREOSOTED WOOD 7-1-1 General 8-17-53
Grading Rules for Hardwood Structural Timbers 7-1-3 Rigid Ducts 8-17-12
General 7-1-3 Roadway Signs 1-7-4
Ordering Structural Lumber, Timber and Engineered Specifications for Concrete Fence Posts 1-6-6
Wood Products 7-1-5 Storage of, Concrete 8-1-22
Subgrade 8-27-7
Inquiry or Purchase Order 7-1-6 MATERIALS MANAGEMENT AREA 6-9-10
Recommendations for Fire-Retardant Coating for MATERIALS MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
Creosoted Wood 7-1-19
Design Criteria for 6-7-1
Specifications for Engineered Wood Products 7-1-3 Environmental Planning for 6-7-5
Structural Glued Laminated Timber - Glulam 7-1-3 Exterior Storage 6-7-6
Specifications for Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-15 Fire Protection 6-7-6
Bridge Tie Installation 7-1-17
Dapping or Sizing Bridge Ties 7-1-17 Flammable and Hazardous Materials 6-7-6
Delivery 7-1-17 Fuel Operated Lift Trucks 6-7-6
Design 7-1-16 Functional Requirements 6-7-3
End Splitting Control Devices 7-1-19 Lighting 6-7-5
Inspection 7-1-16 Office, Welfare and Building Services 6-7-5
Material 7-1-15 Site Considerations 6-7-2
Physical Requirements 7-1-15 MATERIALS MANAGEMENT FACILTIES
Preservative Treatment of Bridge Ties 7-1-19 Battery-Charging Area 6-7-6
Shipment 7-1-17 MATERIALS AND MIXING, MORTAR AND GROUT 8-17-52
Spike or Bolt Holes 7-1-19 MATERIALS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS RECOMMENDED
Tie Branding 7-1-19 PRACTICE, OTHER CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS 8-1-10
Tie Plugs 7-1-19 MATERIALS QUALITY CONTROL 8-25-9
Specifications for Timber Piles 7-1-6 MATERIALS, TESTS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Classification of Piles 7-1-7 8-1-1
General Provisions 7-1-6 Aggregates 8-1-9
General Requirement for All Piles 7-1-10 Fine Aggregates 8-1-10
Inquiries and Purchase Orders 7-1-12 General 8-1-9
Special Requirements for First-Class Piles 7-1-11 Lightweight Coarse Aggregate for Structural
Special Requirements for Second-Class Piles 7-1-12 Concrete 8-1-14
Specifications of Fasteners for Timber Trestles 7-1-13 Normal Weight Coarse Aggregate 8-1-12
Material 7-1-13 Cement 8-1-7
Types of Fasteners 7-1-13 General 8-1-7
Use of Protective Coatings for Steel Fasteners and Quality, Sampling and Testing 8-1-9
Timber Bridges 7-1-15 Specifications 8-1-7
Structural Grades of Softwood Lumber and Timber Commentary 8-1-55
7-1-3 Aggregates 8-1-55
Grading Rules 7-1-3 Concrete Admixtures 8-1-57
Preservative Treatments 7-1-3 Fly Ash as an Admixture to Concrete 8-1-57
MATERIAL WELDABILITY 15-1-60 Curing 8-1-48
MATERIAL YARDS 12-4-35, 17-4-4 Membrane Curing 8-1-50
MATERIALS 1-2-9, 8-16-4, 15-1-8 High Strength Concrete 8-1-59
Bonded Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-32 Concrete Mixture Proportions 8-1-61
Concrete 8-2-16, 8-17-10 General 8-1-59
for Dampproofing 8-29-28 Materials 8-1-59
Design Criteria for Railway Buildings 6-1-13 Penetrating Water Repellant Treatment of Concrete
Design of Wood Railway Bridges and Trestles for Railway Surfaces
Loading 7-2-4 Application 8-1-59
Elastomeric Bearings 15-11-12 Environmental Requirements 8-1-58

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-40 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

MATERIALS, TESTS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS MATERIALS, TESTS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
(CONT) (CONT)
Quality Assurance 8-1-59 Fabrication 8-1-25
Penetrating Water Repellent Treatment of Concrete Placing of Reinforcement 8-1-26
Surfaces 8-1-58 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement 8-1-28
General 8-1-58 Future Bonding 8-1-28
Surface Preparation 8-1-58 Provisions for Seismic Loading 8-1-25
Reinforcement 8-1-55 Spacing of Reinforcement 8-1-27
Bending and Straightening 8-1-56 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement 8-1-25
Repairs and Anchorage Using Expoxy Materials Formed Surface Finish 8-1-51
8-1-59 General 8-1-51
Concrete Admixtures 8-1-20 Rubbed Finish 8-1-52
General 8-1-20 Forms 8-1-23
Types of Admixtures 8-1-20 Construction 8-1-23
Concrete in Alkali Soils or Alkali Water 8-1-45 Design 8-1-21
Concrete for Moderate Exposure 8-1-45 Form Coating and Release 8-1-24
Concrete for Severe Exposure 8-1-45 General 8-1-23
Concrete for Very Severe Exposure 8-1-45 Moldings 8-1-24
Condition of Exposure 8-1-45 Removal 8-1-24
Construction Joints 8-1-46
Minimum Cover 8-1-46 Safety 8-1-21
Placement of Concrete 8-1-46 Temporary Openings 8-1-24
Concrete in Sea Water 8-1-44 General 8-1-6
Concrete 8-1-44 Acceptability 8-1-7
Construction Joints 8-1-44 ASTM - International 8-1-7
Depositing in Sea Water 8-1-44 Defective Materials 8-1-7
Minimum Cover 8-1-44 Equipment 8-1-7
Protecting Concrete in Sea Water 8-1-44 Purpose 8-1-6
Concrete Jointing 8-1-28 Scope 8-1-6
Construction Joints 8-1-29 Selection of Materials 8-1-7
Terms 8-1-6
1
Contraction Joints 8-1-29
Expansion Joint in Walls 8-1-28 Test of Materials 8-1-7
Expansion Joints 8-1-28 High Strength Concrete 8-1-52
Scope 8-1-28 Concrete Mixture Proportions 8-1-53
Types of Jointing 8-1-28 General 8-1-52
Watertight Construction Joints 8-1-30 Materials 8-1-52
Curing 8-1-48 Mixing 8-1-37
Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-51 Bonding 8-1-40
Chuting 8-1-38
3
Concrete Containing Ground Granulated
Blast-Furnace Slag 8-1-51 Compacting 8-1-39
Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-51 Continuous Depositing 8-1-40
General 8-1-48 Delivery 8-1-37
Hot Weather Curing 8-1-49 Depositing Concrete 8-1-38
Membrane Curing 8-1-50 General 8-1-37
Steam Curing 8-1-50 Handling and Placing 8-1-37
Pheumatic Placing (Shotcreting) 8-1-38
Wet Curing 8-1-49
Decorative Finishes 8-1-53 Placing Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-42 4
Depositing Concrete Under Water 8-1-42 Placing Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-42
Caissons, Cofferdams or Forms 8-1-42 Placing Cyclopean Concrete 8-1-42
Capacity of Plant 8-1-41 Placing Rubble Concrete 8-1-42
Cement 8-1-41 Pumping Concrete 8-1-38
Coarse Aggregates 8-1-41 Ready-Mixed Concrete 8-1-37
Concrete Seals 8-1-44 Requirements When Using Silica Fume in Concrete
Continuous Work 8-1-42 8-1-38
General 8-1-41 Sitemixed Concrete 8-1-37
Leveling and Cleaning the Bottom to Receive Temperature 8-1-40
Concrete 8-1-42 Water Gain 8-1-41
Methods of Depositing 8-1-42 Other Cementitious Materials 8-1-9
Mixing 8-1-37 Acceptability 8-1-9
Documentation 8-1-10
Placing Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-42 General 8-1-9
Placing Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-42 Materials Not Included in This Recommended Practice
Removing Laitance 8-1-43 8-1-10
Soundings 8-1-43 Specifications 8-1-9
Standard Specifications 8-1-41 Penetrating Water Repellent Treatment of Concrete
Details of Reinforcement 8-1-25 Surfaces 8-1-50

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-41


Index

MATERIALS, TESTS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY PRACTICES FOR TRACK
(CONT) GEOMETRY MEASURING VEHICLES 2-4-1
Application 8-1-50 Common Industry Practice 2-4-2
Deliver, Storage and Handling 8-1-52 Railroads 2-4-2
Environmental Requirements 8-1-50 Summary 2-4-3
General 8-1-50 Transit Systems 2-4-3
Materials 8-1-51 Yards, Terminals and Sidings 2-4-2
Quality Assurance 8-1-51 Factors to Consider 2-4-1
Surface Preparation 8-1-50 MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY, RAIL WEAR
Proportioning 8-1-31 PARAMETERS 2-2-39
Air Content of Air-Entrained Concrete 8-1-33 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 1-10-22
Compression Tests 8-1-35 MEASURING AGAINST THE PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES
Field Tests 8-1-35 4-4-62
General 8-1-31 MEASURING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 6-5-8
Measurement of Materials 8-1-31 MEASURING EXCESS DIMENSION LOADS
Slump 8-1-35 Field Handbook 28-3-48
Special Provisions When Using Cementitious Instructions 28-3-49
Materials Other Than Portland Cement 8-1-34 MEASURING FRICTION CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS 4-4-77
MEASURING HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
Strength of Concrete Mixtures 8-1-33 CONDITIONING (HVAC) 6-5-10
Water-Cementitious Material Ratio 8-1-31 MEASURING RAIL WEAR PARAMETERS, RECOMMENDED
Workability 8-1-35 PRACTICES FOR 2-2-38
Reinforcement 8-1-17 Accuracy & Calibration 2-2-39
Bending and Straightening 8-1-20 Distance Between Rail Wear Measurements 2-2-39
General 8-1-17 Frequency of Measurement 2-2-39
Specifications 8-1-18 Introduction 2-2-38
Welding 8-1-17 Measurement Methodology 2-2-39
Repairs and Anchorage Using Reactive Resins 8-1-52 MEASURING RAILWAY BUILDING AND FACILITY SHOP
LOSSES 6-5-8
Storage of Materials 8-1-22 MEASURING RAILWAY LINE CLEARANCES, METHODS
Aggregates 8-1-22 28-3-28
Cementitious Materials and Concrete Admixtures MECHANICAL ANCHORAGE 8-2-29
8-1-19 MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS 8-2-31
Reinforcement 8-1-23 MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, ENGINEERED
Unformed Surface Finish 8-1-52 COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-4
General 8-1-52 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAILS 4-2-4
Concrete Containing Fly Ash 8-1-53 MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS, HEAT-TREATED CARBON
Concrete Containing Ground Granulated STEEL TRACK BOLTS AND CARBON-STEEL NUTS
Blast-Furnace Slag 8-1-52 4-3-20
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS, PASSENGER RAIL
Concrete Containing Silica Fume 8-1-52 (COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND
Sidewalk Finish 8-1-52 SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-9
Water 8-1-17 MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY OF SPRING
General 8-1-17 WASHERS 4-3-29
MAXIMUM MOMENT 8-20-11 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 14-6-13, 17-4-3
MAXIMUM NO-LOAD SUBSTATION VOLTAGE 33-3-2 Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-17
MAXIMUM PRESTRESSING STEEL 8-17-28 MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND SPECIALIZED
MAXIMUM RATING 8-19-2 EQUIPMENT 6-3-7
MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EMBANKMENT 8-7-1
8-2-49 Definitions 8-7-2
MAXIMUM VEHICLE OPERATING VOLTAGE 33-3-2
MEANS OF PROTECTING ROADBED AND BRIDGES FROM General 8-7-2
WASHOUTS AND FLOODS 1-3-32 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EMBANKMENTS
MEASUREMENT Construction 8-7-3
Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates Design of 8-7-2
1-4-90 Special Considerations 8-7-2
Frequency of 2-2-39 MEDIUM (SECONDARY) VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR 33-6-25
of Materials MEMBERS STRESSED PRIMARILY IN AXIAL TENSION OR
Cement 8-1-31 COMPRESSION 15-1-46
and Payment 1-2-15, 1-2-25 MEMBERS STRESSED PRIMARILY IN BENDING 15-1-50
Cellular Confinement System Specifications for Composite Steel and Concrete Spans 15-1-56
Railroad Use 1-10-27 Flange Sections 15-1-51
Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast Flange Splices 15-1-53
Reinforcement 1-10-28 Flange-To-Web Connection of Plate Girders 15-1-52
Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-14 Proportioning Girders and Beams 15-1-50
Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-19 Rigid Frame Structures 15-1-60
Railroad Track Stabilization Applications 1-10-9 Stiffeners at Points of Bearing 15-1-53
System Specifications for Railroad Applications Thickness of Web Plates 15-1-51
1-10-22

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-42 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

MEMBERS STRESSED PRIMARILY IN BENDING (CONT) MINIMUM TANGENT LENGTHS REQUIRED BETWEEN
Web Plate Stiffeners (Intermediate Transverse and REVERSE CURVES FOR YARD OPERATIONS 5-3-14
Longitudinal) 15-1-54 MINIMUM VEHICLE OPERATING VOLTAGE 33-3-2
Web Splices 15-1-53 MISCELLANEOUS 27-2-14
MEMBRANES 8-29-14, 8-29-21 Considerations, Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair
Protection 8-29-17 Shops 6-3-9
MERCHANDISE TERMINAL 14-4-59 Facilities 14-5-4
METAL GAGE SIDE GUARD RAILS 7-4-23 Plans for Drive Spikes 5-10-5
METAL PROTECTION 7-4-18 General 5-10-5
METAL TO METAL CONTACT STRIKING TOOLS 5-6-5 Power 33-1-6
METAL TO METAL CONTACT STRUCK TOOLS 5-6-6 Rail 4-5-1
METALS, ROADWAY SIGNS 1-7-4 Rail Information 4-5-1
METERIALS Recommended Practice for Use of Abrasive Wheels
Stabilized Subbase for Concrete Slab Tracks 8-27-7 5-10-6
METHOD OF CALCULATING AMPACITY 33-4-21 Abrasive Wheel Mounting 5-10-8
METHOD OF DETERMINING RAIL BOND SIZES – ELECTRIC Cross Grinding Rail Ends 5-10-10
General 5-10-4
TRACTION 33-7-4 General Safety 5-10-6
METHOD OF SLOW BEND TEST, APPENDIX 1 4-3-42 Grinding Equipment 5-10-9
METHOD OF TESTING 4-3-29 Grinding Frogs, Track Crossing and Switch Points
METHODOLOGY, PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 16-9-3 5-10-10
METHODS 1-3-6 Grinding Practice 5-10-9
of Analysis 16-9-6 Grinding Rail End Surface Welds 5-10-10
of Application, Dampproofing 8-29-29 Grinding Stock Rails 5-10-10
of Controlling Drifting Snow 1-6-21 Grinding Welded Engine Burns and Thermite Butt
for Establishing the Corner Contour of Hand Tool Welds 5-10-10
Operation 5-10-8
Striking Faces 5-6-54 Rail Cutting 5-10-11
for Establishing the Corner Contour of Hand Tool Struck Scope 5-10-6
Faces 5-6-55 Storage 5-10-7
of Extending Rail Life 16-10-8
of Fireproofing Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-4-18
Wheel Markings 5-10-7
Specifications for Steel Drive Spikes 5-10-2
1
of Increasing Stability 8-25-6 Bending Properties 5-10-3
of Joining and Laying Rail 16-10-7 Chemical Composition 5-10-2
of Measuring Railway Line Clearances 28-3-28 Finish 5-10-3
Inspection 5-10-4
of Opening Snow Blockades 1-1-64 Manufacture 5-10-2
and Procedures, Clearances 28-3-1 Marking 5-10-4
of Rehabilitation 1-4-78 Number of Tests 5-10-3
of Shortening of Eyebars to Equalize the Stress 15-8-9,
15-9-55
Permissible Variations in Dimensions 5-10-3
Process 5-10-2
3
of Tamping 5-5-23 Rejection 5-10-4
of Testing 4-3-29 Retests 5-10-3
Track Construction and Maintenance 16-10-19 Scope 5-10-2
Supplementary Requirement 5-10-4
of Unloading and Distributing Ballast 1-2-15, 16-10-14 Tensile Properties 5-10-3
METHODS OF ANALYSIS, SEGMENTAL BRIDGES 8-26-8 Track 5-10-1
METRIC UNITS 8-16-11 MISFITS 15-4-7
METRICATION M-1
Conversion M-3
MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS, WATER BODY AND
WETLANDS PERMITS 13-3-13
4
Introduction to SI Units M-2 MIXED PASSENGER TRANSIT AND FREIGHT 11-3-2,
Metric Measurement Units M-2 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Numerals M-3 MIXING
Prefixes for SI Unit Multiples M-2 Concrete 8-1-37
Quantity Symbols vs. Unit Symbols M-4 MOBILE SOURCES, AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE 13-4-2
References M-4 MODIFICATION OF DESIGN 8-3-14
SI Writing Style M-3 MODIFICATION TO SERVICE - PROVEN TECHNOLOGY
Significant Digits M-3 17-5-2
MICRO SITE SELECTION 6-16-2 MODIFICATIONS TO CLEARANCES REPORTING 28-3-57
MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS 6-5-5 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 8-2-34
MILEAGE PARAMETERS, EQUATED 16-11-1
MILITARY VEHICLES 14-4-38 MOISTURE, CONTROL 7-4-18
MILL OR SHOP INSPECTION 1-4-16 MOLDINGS 8-1-24
MINIMUM BEND DIAMETER 8-2-17 MONITORING RESULTS 16-9-15
MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER 8-2-18, 8-17-12 MORTAR AND GROUT 8-17-52
MINIMUM PIPE STRENGTH 8-10-12 General 8-17-52
MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT 8-17-29 Materials and Mixing 8-17-52
MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT 8-2-20 Placing and Curing 8-17-52
MINIMUM SPACING OF FASTENERS 15-1-58 MOTIVE POWER, TYPES 16-3-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-43


Index

MOTIVE POWER MAINTENANCE FACILITIES 33-1-4 MOVABLE BRIDGES (CONT)


MOTIVE POWER UNITS 33-1-4 Worm Gearing 15-6-43
MOTOR CAR REPAIR 6-9-6 General Features of Design 15-6-13
MOTOR CONTROL APPARATUS OVERLOAD RELAYS Aligning and Locking 15-6-14
27-2-44 Counterweights 15-6-14
MOVABLE BRIDGES 15-6-1 Emergency Operation 15-6-15
Basic Allowable Stresses and Hydraulic Pressures Houses for Operators, Machinery, Hydraulic
15-6-28 Equipment, Electrical Equipment and Signal
Bearing 15-6-29 Devices 15-6-15
Bolts in Tension 15-6-32 Insulation of Track 15-6-15
Heating and Seizing 15-6-30 Interlocking 15-6-15
Hydraulic Systems and Components 15-6-32 Material 15-6-13
Line Bearing Load 15-6-31 Materials for Machinery and Similar Parts 15-6-16
Machinery Parts 15-6-28 Rail Ends 15-6-17
Shafts 15-6-31 Stairways, Walks, and Elevators 15-6-16
Structural Parts 15-6-28 Standby Power 15-6-15
Erection 15-6-105 Types of Bridges 15-6-14
Bridge Operator 15-6-109 Loads, Forces and Stresses 15-6-18
Channel Lights 15-6-108 Anchorage 15-6-23
Counterweights 15-6-107 Brakes, and Machinery Design for Braking Forces
End Lifting Devices for Swing Spans 15-6-108 15-6-21
Erection of Machinery 15-6-105
Erection of Trunnion Bearings and Counterweight End Ties 15-6-18
Sheave Bearings 15-6-106 Fatigue 15-6-18
Erection of Wire Ropes 15-6-107 Impact Load 15-6-18
Lubrication 15-6-107 Live Load 15-6-18
Painting 15-6-107 Machinery Design 15-6-22
Protection of Parts 15-6-106 Machinery Losses 15-6-21
Testing 15-6-108 Machinery Resistances 15-6-20
General Details 15-6-33 Machinery Supports 15-6-22
Air Buffers 15-6-34 Power Requirements and Machinery Design 15-6-19
Anti-Friction Bearings 15-6-37 Special Provisions for Bascule Bridges 15-6-24
Bolts and Nuts 15-6-44 Special Provisions for Swing Bridges 15-6-23
Special Provisions for Vertical Lift Bridges 15-6-25
Collars 15-6-40 Wind Load and Ice Load 15-6-18
Compressed Air Devices 15-6-46 Power Equipment 15-6-76
Concrete 15-6-35 Air Brakes 15-6-99
Conterweights 15-6-35 Audible Navigation Signals 15-6-100
Covers 15-6-46 Brakes for Span Operation 15-6-99
Drain Holes 15-6-46 Electric 15-6-78
Equalizers 15-6-46 Hand Brakes and Foot Brakes 15-6-100
Fits and Surface Finishes 15-6-33 Internal Combustion 15-6-77
Gear Teeth 15-6-40 Machines 15-6-76
Hubs 15-6-43 Manpower Operation 15-6-76
Hydraulic Systems 15-6-53 Power Operation 15-6-76
Journal Bearings 15-6-36 Proposals and General Requirements 15-6-5
Keys and Keyways for Machinery Parts 15-6-43 Abbreviations 15-6-5
Keys for Trunnions 15-6-44 Classification of Bridge Work 15-6-9
Linings 15-6-36 Communication 15-6-8
Longitudinal Thrust 15-6-40 General 15-6-5
Lubrication 15-6-38 Guarantees 15-6-13
Machinery in General 15-6-36 Houses 15-6-7
Rail End Connections 15-6-34 Machinery and Hydraulic Design 15-6-6
Roller Bearings for Heavy Loads 15-6-36 Machinery and Hydraulic Drawings 15-6-6
Safety Devices 15-6-46 Optional Requirements 15-6-13
Screw Gearing and Cams 15-6-43 Parts Included in Glasses 15-6-10
Set Screws 15-6-45 Signals and Interlocking 15-6-7
Shaft Couplings 15-6-40 Time of Opening 15-6-6
Shafts 15-6-39 Warning Lights 15-6-7
Special Provisions for Bascule Bridges 15-6-49 Weight and Center of Gravity 15-6-7
Special Provisions for Swing Bridges 15-6-46 Wiring Diagrams, Operator’s Instructions, Electrical,
Special Provisions for Vertical Lift Bridges 15-6-50 Hydraulic and Mechanical Data Booklets, and
Speed Reducers 15-6-37 Lubrication Charts 15-6-8
Springs 15-6-46 Wrenches 15-6-8
Step Bearings 15-6-36 Wire Ropes and Sockets 15-6-71
Strength of Gear Teeth 15-6-41 Construction 15-6-72
Tapped Holes 15-6-45 Diameter of Rope 15-6-71

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-44 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

MOVABLE BRIDGES (CONT) MULTI-MODAL INTERFACES (CONT)


Facilites for Testing 15-6-75 Special Use Stations 17-2-5
Lay 15-6-72 Suburban Stations 17-2-5
Lubrication During Fabrication 15-6-72 Types of Interfaces 17-2-5
Manufacturer 15-6-71 Urban Stations 17-2-5
Operating Ropes 15-6-76 MULTI-MODAL FACILITIES 12-4-7
Prestretching 15-6-75 MULTI-ROTATIONAL BEARINGS 15-9-56, 15-10-29,
Rejection 15-6-74 15-11-17
Rope Length 15-6-75 MULTI-ROTATIONAL BEARINGS FOR BRIDGES 15-11-16
Shipping 15-6-76 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TERMINALS 14-4-63
Sockets 15-6-75
Splices 15-6-72
Ultimate Strength 15-6-74 N
Wire - Physical Properties 15-6-72
Workmanship 15-6-101
Air Buffers 15-6-103 NAMEPLATES 15-1-15
Assembling Machinery in Frames 15-6-103 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA),
Assembling Machinery on Structural Supports OVERVIEW 13-2-1
15-6-103 NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT 13-2-3
Balancing of Gears 15-6-103 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCY OF CANADA
Bearings 15-6-102 SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS 16-12-25
Bevel Gears 15-6-102 NATURAL WATERWAYS 1-3-1
Bolts and Holes 15-6-103 Basic Concepts and Definitions of Scour 1-3-20
Couplings 15-6-102 Contraction Scour 1-3-22
Gears and Pinions 15-6-102 Lateral Stream Migration 1-3-23
Grooves in Journals and Linings 15-6-103 Local Scour 1-3-22
Hubs 15-6-102 Long-term Elevation Streambed Changes
Journals 15-6-101 (Aggradation and Degradation) 1-3-21
Keys and Keyways 15-6-102 References for Section 3.4 1-3-24
Linings 15-6-102 Scour 1-3-20 1
Machine Molding 15-6-102 Total Scour 1-3-24
Machinery Manufacture in General 15-6-101 Calculating Scour 1-3-25
Racks 15-6-101 Estimating Contraction Scour 1-3-31
Shafts 15-6-101 Estimating Local Pier Scour 1-3-43
Special Provisions for Bascule Bridges 15-6-104 Evaluating Local Scour at Abutments 1-3-49
Special Provisions for Swing Bridges 15-6-103 Predicting Aggradation and Degradation 1-3-25
Special Provisions for Vertical Lift Bridges 15-6-105 Predicting Lateral Migration 1-3-28
Worms and Worm Wheels 15-6-102 References for Section 3.5 1-3-59
Total Scour Calculation Problem 1-3-53 3
MOVABLE OBJECTS 11-3-5, 12-3-9, 17-3-3 Capacity of Waterway Openings 1-3-5
MOVEMENT, RESISTANCE TO 16-2-3 General 1-3-5
MSW RAIL HAUL EQUIPMENT 14-4-63 Methods 1-3-6
MULTI-MODAL FACILITIES 11-4-10, 12-4-7, 17-4-3 Summary 1-3-16
Amenities 11-4-10, 12-4-11 Construction of Protection of Roadbed Across Reservoir
Baggage 11-4-10, 12-4-11 Areas 1-3-34
Car Shops 17-4-4 Determination of Wave Heights 1-3-34
Circulation 11-4-10, 12-4-10 Construction of Embankment and Roadbed 1-3-40 4
Connections 11-4-10 Construction of Embankment Protection 1-3-41
Engine Shops 17-4-4 Drainage Basin Data 1-3-3
Environmental Requirements 17-4-4 General 1-3-3
Functional Requirements 11-4-10, 12-4-10, 17-4-4 General 1-3-3
General 11-4-10, 12-4-7, 17-4-4 Importance 1-3-3
Layover Yards 17-4-4 Scope 1-3-3
Maintenance Philosophy 17-4-4 Means of Protecting Roadbed and Bridges from
Maintenance of Way Shops 17-4-4 Washouts and Floods 1-3-32
Material Yards 17-4-4 Bridges 1-3-33
Parking 11-4-10, 12-4-10 General 1-3-32
Passenger Information/Signage 11-4-10, 12-4-11 Roadway 1-3-32
Regulatory Requirements 17-4-4 Protecting Roadway and Bridges From Scour 1-3-60
Safety/Security 17-4-4 Bridges 1-3-61
Site Considerations 17-4-4 Countermeasure Design Guidance 1-3-78
Utility Considerations 17-4-4 Countermeasure Selection 1-3-62
MULTI-MODAL INTERFACES 17-2-4, 17-2-5 Embankment 1-3-60
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1, 12-2-12 Negative Moment Reinforcement 8-2-24
General 17-2-5 NATURALLY OCCURRING EVENTS THAT CAN ALTER
Rural Stations 17-2-5 CLEARANCES 28-3-72

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-45


Index

NDT LEVEL III OR PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR OPERATIONS


REQUIREMENTS 4-4-66 Centers 11-6-1, 17-6-2
NEGATIVE RETURN CIRCUIT 33-12-21 and Cost Estimates 17-2-6
NET SECTION 7-2-38, 15-1-43 Design Criteria for a Locomotive Washing Facility
NOISE EXPOSURE 27-2-39 6-12-2
NOMENCLATURE 1-2-4 Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way
NOMINAL OPERATING VOLTAGE 33-3-2 Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-3
NON-COMPLIANCE 27-2-39 Simulations 12-2-20, 17-2-6
NON-PRESTRESSED REINFORCEMENT 8-17-11, 8-17-29 OPERATIONS RESEARCH, INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS
NON-SHRINK GROUTS 8-14-6 ENGINEERING 16-6-7
NON-STRUCTURAL CRACK REPAIR 8-14-18
NON-TYPICAL IMPEDANCE BOND CIRCUMSTANCES OPERATIONS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
33-5-10 16-10-1
NORMAL AND CONTINGENCY OPERATION, AC OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS, WASTEWATER
ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 33-6-5 PRETREATMENT AND DISCHARGES 13-3-10
NORMAL INSPECTION PROTOCOL 17-7-4, 17-7-5 OPERATOR TRAINING METHODS
NORMAL RATING 8-19-2 Background 27-1-22
NOTATIONS 5-3-4, 8-19-9 OPTIMIZING ELECTRICAL DEMAND 6-5-5
Concrete 8-2-7 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT 27-2-16, 27-2-21
Prestressed Concrete 8-17-5 OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 15-6-13
NOTCH TOUGHNESS OF STEEL IN FRACTURE CRITICAL ORDER OF PLACING 8-11-7
MEMBERS 15-9-32 ORDERING STRUCTURAL LUMBER, TIMBER AND
NOTCHED BEAMS, WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES 7-2-38 ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS 7-1-5
NOTCHES 7-2-30 ORGANIZATION 16-8-1
NOTES Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way
on the Use of Stress-Graded Lumber 7-6-7 Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-3
NOTICE OF BEGINNING WORK 15-3-3 Functions 16-8-2
NOTICE TO ENGINEER 15-1-7 Construction 16-8-2
NOZZLES General 16-8-2
Sand Facility 6-6-10 Inspection 16-8-2
NUMBER AND LOCATION OF BORINGS 8-22-4 Planned Maintenance 16-8-2
NUMBER OF TESTS 4-3-17, 5-1-4, 5-2-3, 5-10-3 Repair 16-8-2
Introduction 16-8-2
Methods 16-8-3
O Construction 16-8-3
General 16-8-3
Inspection 16-8-4
OBJECTIVE 33-1-2 Maintenance 16-8-4
OBSTRUCTIONS, CHARTING, SUGGESTED METHODS Repair 16-8-5
28-3-9 Organization 16-8-6
OCS/THIRD RAIL MAINTENANCE 33-1-7 Bridges 16-8-7
OFFICE, WELFARE AND BUILDING SERVICES FOR General 16-8-6
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 6-7-5 Structures 16-8-8
OFFICES 6-4-16, 6-9-9, 6-11-6 Track 16-8-6
Space 6-2-7 Training 16-8-9
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION 13-3-7 Consultants and Contractors 16-8-9
Facility Response Plans 13-3-9 Gang Members and Other Staff 16-8-9
General 13-3-7 General 16-8-9
Implementing Agency 13-3-7 Inspectors 16-8-9
Regulatory Citations 13-3-7 Supervisors 16-8-9
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Plans ORGANIZATION OF BID DOCUMENTS, RAILWAY
13-3-7 BUILDINGS 6-1-4
OPEN DECK BRIDGE TIES 15-1-15 Bidding Requirements 6-1-3
OPEN DECK BRIDGES 5-5-21 Construction Specifications Institute Format 6-1-5
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Contract Forms 6-1-3
Diesel-Electric Locomotives 16-3-11 General Conditions 6-1-4
Electric Locomotives 16-3-5 Recommended Format 6-1-3
OPERATING LIMITATIONS, UNLOADING PITS 15-8-17 Special Conditions 6-1-4
OPERATING ROPES 15-6-76 Technical Specifications 6-1-4
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION AND INSPECTION PREPARATION 6-15-2
Cost Estimating 12-2-20 ORGANIZATION ISSUES, INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100 ENGINERING 16-6-2
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS 18-1-3 ORGANIZATION OF RAILROAD ENERGY MANAGEMENT
OPERATION, RAILWAY 16-4-1 PROGRAM 6-5-7
OPERATIONAL CONCERNS 12-4-42 ORIGINAL RIGHT-OF-WAY GRANT INSTRUMENTS 18-1-3
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 27-2-4

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-46 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

OTHER CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS 8-1-9 PAINTING 15-6-107


Acceptability 8-1-9 of Existing Steel Railway Bridges 15-8-32
Documentation 8-1-10 PANTOGRAPH BASICS 33-8-9
General 8-1-9 PAPER, ANTI-BONDING 8-29-20
Materials Not Included in This Recommended Practice PARKING 6-2-3, 6-3-3, 6-13-3
8-1-10 PARTITIONS 6-2-11
Specifications 8-1-9 PARTS AND INSTRUCTION BOOKS 27-2-37
OTHER FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE, SEISMIC PARTS INCLUDED IN GLASSES 15-6-10
DESIGN FOR RAILWAY STRUCTURES 9-1-32, 9-2-23 PASSENGER CARS, HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT CLEARANCE
Buildings and Support Facilities 9-1-34, 9-2-23 ALLOWANCES 28-3-3
Culverts 9-1-33 PASSENGER COMFORT 11-3-4, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Rail Transit 9-1-35
Retaining Walls 9-1-33 PASSENGER CONVENIENCE 12-2-12, 17-2-4
Scope 9-1-32 PASSENGER FACILITIES 11-4-3, 14-6-1, 12-4-3, 17-4-3
Track and Roadbed 9-1-32, 9-2-23 Activities 14-6-7
Tunnels and Track Protection Sheds 9-1-34 Amenities 12-4-7, 17-4-3
Utilities, Signal and Communication Facilities 9-1-34 Finish Materials 12-4-7, 17-4-3
OTHER RIGHT-OF-WAY EXPENDITURES, ACCOUNT 4 Functional Requirements 11-4-3, 12-4-7, 17-4-3
16-12-6 General 11-4-3, 12-4-3, 17-4-3
OTHER SCALES 8-1 Landscaping 12-4-7, 17-4-3
Other Scales Mechanical Systems 12-4-7, 17-4-3
Capacity and Size 8-2
Definition 8-1 Passenger Information/Signage 12-4-7, 17-4-3
General 8-1 Passenger Train Yards 14-6-8
Records 8-2 Activities 14-6-12
Test Weights 8-2 General 14-6-8
Testing and Tolerances 8-2 Site 14-6-9
OTM AND FASTENINGS 18-2-4 Regulatory Requirements 12-4-7, 17-4-3
OUTDOOR AREA LIGHTING – FLOODLIGHTING IN Safety/Security 12-4-7, 17-4-3
RAILROAD YARDS 33-10-8 Site 14-6-4
OUTLINE, GENERAL, FIXED OBSTRUCTIONS 28-1-3
OUTSTANDING ELEMENTS IN COMPRESSION 15-1-47 Site Considerations 12-4-7, 17-4-3
Station Environment 14-6-3
1
OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS 6-1-12
OVERHEAD ELECTRIFICATION, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS Activities 14-6-7
28-1-8 General 14-6-3
OVERHEAD STRUCTURES 6-16-6 Site 14-6-4
OVERLOAD OR SHORT TIME AMPACITY CONDITIONS Structural Systems 12-4-7, 17-4-3
33-4-24 Terminal Planning 14-6-2
OVERLOAD OR SHORT TIME AMPACITY RATINGS 33-4-24 General 14-6-2
OVERVIEW, RAILWAY APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL &
SYSTEMS ENGIEERING 16-6-2 Utilities 14-6-13
Electrical Systems 14-6-13
3
OVERVIEW DISPLAYS 6-11-3
OXYGEN/NATURAL GAS/PROPANE SYSTEMS 6-4-19 Mechanical Systems 14-6-13
OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES 13-4-13 PASSENGER INFORMATION/SIGNAGE 17-4-3
PASSENGER OPERATIONS 11-3-5, 12-3-9, 17-3-3
PASSENGER RAIL (COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE,
P REPAIR AND SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-1
Electrical Requirements 6-13-11
Functional Requirements 6-13-3
PACKAGING AND HANDLING 4-3-38, 4-3-42
Illustrations 6-13-11 4
PACKAGING, HANDLING AND STORAGE Mechanical Requirements 6-13-9
Of Bridge Bearings 15-11-3 Site Considerations 6-13-2
PACKAGING, HEAT-TREATED CARBON STEEL TRACK Special Equipment 6-13-9
BOLTS AND CARBON-STEEL NUTS 4-3-26 Special Requirements - Coach Shop 6-13-5
PACKING 4-3-30, 33-7-10, 33-7-20, 33-7-27 Special Requirements - Combined Coach Locomotive
PACKING AND IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS Shop 6-13-7
Cellular Confinement System Specifications for Railroad Structural Requirements 6-13-9
Use 1-10-26 PASSENGER TRAIN YARDS 14-6-8
Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast Activities 14-6-12
Reinforcement 1-10-28 Site 14-6-9
Railroad Drainage Applications 1-10-13 PASSENGER TRAINS 33-1-3
Railroad Erosion Control Applications 1-10-15 PASSENGER TRAINS, HIGH SPEED 16-2-10
Railroad Track Stabilization Applications 1-10-7 PASSENGER-TRAIN CARS, ACCOUNT 54 16-12-19
System Specifications for Railroad Applications
1-10-21 PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE 8-20-9
PAINT 27-2-15, 27-2-21, 27-2-36 PATENTED DEVICES 15-1-7
PAINT SHOP 6-9-5 PATENTS 15-4-10
PAINT SPRAY BOOTHS 6-13-9 PAY WEIGHT 15-3-22
PAINT SYSTEMS 15-8-35

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-47


Index

PAYMENT PIER PROTECTION (CONT)


Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates Energy Dissipation 8-23-21
1-4-90 Fender Flexibility 8-23-22
PCBS, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-16 Sources of Information 8-23-22
PEDESTRIAN SUBWAYS 8-29-6 Construction 8-23-17
PENETRATING WATER REPELLENT Fabrication of Structural Steel 8-23-20
Application 8-1-50, 8-1-59 Framing of Timber 8-23-20
Deliver, Storage and Handling 8-1-52 General 8-23-17
Environmental Requirements 8-1-50, 8-1-58 Handling and Storage of Materials 8-23-20
Materials 8-1-51 Materials 8-23-18
Quality Assurance 8-1-51, 8-1-59 Pile Driving 8-23-20
Surface Preparation 8-1-50, 8-1-58 Design 8-23-4
Treatment of Concrete Surfaces 8-1-50, 8-1-58 Design Loads 8-23-4
PERCUSSION TOOLS 5-6-5 General 8-23-4
PERFORATED PIPE DRAINS 1-4-100 Suggested Design Procedure 8-23-7
Applications 1-4-100 General 8-23-2
Construction Requirements 1-4-102 Purpose 8-23-2
General 1-4-100 Scope 8-23-2
Hydraulic Design 1-4-101 Special Considerations 8-23-2
Inspection and Acceptance 1-4-104 Permits 8-23-4
Materials 1-4-100
Operation and Maintenance 1-4-104 Types of Construction 8-23-3
Related Filter Materials 1-4-101 Vessel 8-23-2
Safety Provisions 1-4-104 Waterway 8-23-2
Structural Design 1-4-102 PIER SPACING, ORIENTATION AND TYPE 8-5-12
PERFORMANCE, DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, VEHICLE PIER SHAFTS 8-5-12
CONSIDERATIONS 17-5-4 PIERS IN NAVIGABLE STREAMS 8-5-13
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 9-1-19 PILE AND PILE BENTS 8-21-3
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA, RAIL SUPPORT 16-10-9 PILE DRIVING 7-4-7
PERFORMANCE GUIDELINE FOR REGULAR TESTING Tests 8-4-8
4-4-60
PERFORMANCE MEASURES, INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS PILE FOUNDATIONS 8-4-1
ENGINEERING 16-6-9 Allowable Load on Piles 8-4-5
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, ENGINEERED End Bearing Piles 8-4-5
COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-5 Friction Piles 8-4-5
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Lateral Support 8-4-6
Data Base 16-9-15 Pile Driving and Loading Tests 8-4-8
PERFORMANCE, TRAIN 16-2-1 Pile Length Determination 8-4-6
PERIODIC INSPECTIONS 15-7-23 Subsurface Investigation 8-4-5
PERMANENT JOINT BEAMS 8-25-9
PERMANENT SET 4-3-30 Commentary 8-4-17
PERMANENT STEEL CASING MATERIAL 8-24-9 Allowable Load on Piles 8-4-18
PERMISSIBLE STRESS Design 8-4-17
Bearing 8-2-63 Loads 8-4-17
Shear 8-2-56 Batter Piles 8-4-18
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS 5-2-3, 5-10-3 On Piles 8-4-17
PERMITS 15-1-7 Scour 8-4-18
Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation 8-22-4 General 8-4-17
Pier Protection Systems at Spans Over Navigable Scope 8-4-17
Streams 8-23-4 Inspection of Pile Driving 8-4-19
PERSONNEL Installation of Piles 8-4-19
Recommended Qualifications for Operator Performing Pile Types 8-4-18
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components Design 8-4-2
4-4-67 Batter Piles 8-4-4
PHASE UNBALANCE STUDY 33-6-19 Eccentricity of Loads 8-4-3
PHYSICAL ANALYSIS 1-2-10 Loads 8-4-2
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ENGINEERED Loads on Piles 8-4-3
COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-4 Scour 8-4-5
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS 33-7-9 Spacing of Piles 8-4-4
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 5-6-14 Uplift on Piles 8-4-3
For Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-15 General 8-4-2
Specifications for Wood Fence Post 1-6-4 Scope 8-4-2
PHYSICALLY RESTRICTED AREAS 5-8-13 Inspection of Pile Driving 8-4-16
PICK UP OF RELEASED RAIL 4-3-53 Installation of Piles 8-4-14
PIER PROTECTION 8-2-6 Augered Cast-In-Place Piles 8-4-16
Systems at Spans Over Navigable Streams 8-23-1 Driven Piles 8-4-14
Commentary 8-23-21 Pile Types 8-4-9

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-48 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

PIER PROTECTION (CONT) PIPELINES (CONT)


Augered Cast-In-Place 8-4-13 Scope 1-5-3
Cast-In-Place Concrete 8-4-11 Steel Carrier Pipe 1-5-5
General 8-4-9 Specifications for Pipelines Conveying Non-Flammable
Precast Concrete 8-4-11 Substances 1-5-22
Steel 8-4-10 Approval of Plans 1-5-27
Timber 8-4-9 Carrier Pipe 1-5-23
PILE LENGTH DETERMINATION 8-4-6 Construction 1-5-26
PILE TYPES 8-4-9 Execution of Work 1-5-28
PILES General Requirements 1-5-22
Allowable Load on 8-4-5 Scope 1-5-22
Augered Cast-In-Place 8-4-13, 8-4-16 Steel Casing Pipe 1-5-24
Batter 8-4-4 Specifications for Uncased Gas Pipelines within the
Cast-In-Place Concrete 8-4-11 Railway Right-of-Way 1-5-10
Driven 8-4-14 Approval of Plans 1-5-21
End Bearing 8-4-5 Carrier Pipe 1-5-12
Friction 8-4-5 Commentary 1-5-21
Inspection of Driving 8-4-16 Construction 1-5-20
Installation of 8-4-14 Execution of Work 1-5-21
Loads on 8-4-3 General Requirements 1-5-11
and Post Footings 7-2-7 Scope 1-5-10
Precast Concrete 8-4-11 PIPING SYSTEMS 6-16-7
Spacing 8-4-4 PIT, CONCRETE 15-8-26
Steel 8-4-10 PITCH AND GAGE OF FASTENERS 15-1-57
Timber 8-4-9 PITS
Uplift on 8-4-3 Equipment and Related Facilities 6-4-14
PIN CLEARANCES 15-3-8 Unloading 15-8-17
PINS 15-1-62 PLACE OF TESTS 4-3-31
PINS AND PIN-CONNECTED MEMBERS 15-1-62
PINS AND ROLLERS 15-3-8
PLACEMENT
of Ducts, Steel, and Anchorage Hardware 8-17-50
1
PIPE 8-10-3 of Roadway Signs 1-7-4
Arches 1-4-63 PLACING CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH 8-1-42
Culvert Design 1-4-58 PLACING CONCRETE CONTAINING SILICA FUME 8-1-42
Installation 8-10-13 PLACING AND CURING, MORTAR AND GROUT 8-17-52
Manholes and Pipe Tunnels 8-29-6 PLACING AND FASTENING 8-17-54
Minimum Strength 8-10-12 PLANNED MAINTENANCE 16-8-2
Strength 8-10-12
PIPELINES 1-5-1
PLANNING 12-2-4, 17-2-3
Corridor Planning Considerations 11-2-1
3
Specifications for Fiber Optic "Route" Construction on Economic Acceptance 12-2-6, 17-2-3
Railroad Right of Way 1-5-31 Environmental Acceptance 12-2-6, 17-2-3
Abbreviations 1-5-44 an Exploration Program 8-22-3
Appendix 1-5-45 General 12-2-4, 17-2-3
Construction 1-5-36 Institutional Issues 12-2-8, 17-2-3
Definitions 1-5-41 and Quality Control of Rail Grinding 4-4-92
Design 1-5-32 Safety 12-2-7
Documentation 1-5-39 Safety/Security 17-2-3 4
Maintenance 1-5-40 Social Acceptance 12-2-6, 17-2-3
Planning 1-5-31 User Needs 12-2-4, 17-2-3
Scope 1-5-31 PLANNING SHEARED EDGES 15-3-7
Specifications for Overhead Pipelines Crossings 1-5-28 PLANNING, BUDGETING AND CONTROL 16-15-1
General Conditions 1-5-28 Annual Budget 16-15-8
General Design Requirements 1-5-29 Develop Maintenance of Way Annual Expense Budget
Inspection and Maintenance 1-5-31 16-15-10
Scope 1-5-28 Development of the Maintenance-of-Way Capital
Structural Elements 1-5-29 Budget 16-15-8
Specifications for Pipelines Conveying Flammable Objectives 16-15-8
Substances 1-5-3 Purpose 16-15-8
Approval of Plans 1-5-9 Scope 16-15-8
Casing Pipe 1-5-6 Authorization Process 16-15-14
Construction 1-5-8 Departmental Responsibilities 16-15-14
Execution of Work 1-5-10 Objectives 16-15-14
General Requirements 1-5-3 Plan/Budget Documentation 16-15-15
Plastic Carrier Pipe Conveying Non Liquid Project Documentation 16-15-15
Flammable Substances 1-5-6 Purpose 16-15-14

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-49


Index

PLANNING, BUDGETING AND CONTROL (CONT) PORTLAND CEMENT


Scope 16-15-14 Concrete 8-29-17
Control Functions 16-15-16 POSITIVE MOMENT
Capital Performance Reviews (Post Audit) 16-15-17 Reinforcement 8-2-24
Impact on Operating Budget 16-15-17 POST-SEISMIC EVENT OPERATION GUIDELINES 9-1-4
Objectives 16-15-16 POST-TENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONES 8-17-34
Purpose 16-15-16 POST-TENSIONING ANCHORAGES AND COUPLERS
Responsibilities 16-15-16 8-17-13, 8-17-46
Scope 16-15-16 POST-TENSIONING DUCTS 8-17-13
Variance Analysis 16-15-17 POST-TENSIONING FORCE 8-26-17
Introduction 16-15-2 POWER 16-3-1
Scope 16-15-2 Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-19
Long-Term Planning 16-15-6 Diesel-Electric Locomotives 16-3-11
Departmental Responsibilities 16-15-6 General 16-3-11
Comparison with Former Plans 16-15-8 Operating Characteristics 16-3-11
Inventory of Property and Equipment 16-15-6 Dynamic Braking 16-3-13
Objectives 16-15-6
Project Submissions 16-15-7 Horsepower Ratings 16-3-11
Purpose 16-15-6 Electric Locomotives 16-3-4
Scope 16-15-6 Electric Braking 16-3-9
Permanent Data Base 16-15-18 General 16-3-4
Departmental Responsibility 16-15-18 Operating Characteristics 16-3-5
Implementation 16-15-19 General 16-3-2
Objectives 16-15-18 Adhesion 16-3-3
Purpose 16-15-18 Horsepower 16-3-2
Scope 16-15-18 Locomotive Capacity 16-3-3
Strategic Planning 16-15-3
Corporate 16-15-3 Locomotive Classification 16-3-4
Engineering 16-15-5 Motive Power, Types 16-3-2
Financial 16-15-5 Tractive Effort 16-3-3
Marketing 16-15-4 Other Types 16-3-16
PLANS 15-4-3 Gas Turbine-Electric 16-3-16
for Drive Spikes 5-10-5 Self-Propelled Rail Cars 16-3-16
Erection, Steel Structure Fabricated by Contractor POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 33-1-5
15-4-3 POWER EQUIPMENT 15-6-76
Erection, Steel Structure Supplied by Company 15-4-3
for Track Tools 5-6-23 POWER AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT COMPATIBILITY
PLANS FOR TRACK TOOLS 5-6-23 STUDY 33-6-18
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS POWER GENERATING FACILITIES 33-1-5
16-7-5 POWER OPERATION 15-6-76
PLANT 15-4-3 POWER PLANTS, ACCOUNT 29 16-12-14
PLASTIC CARRIER PIPE CONVEYING NON LIQUID POWER REQUIREMENTS AND MACHINERY DESIGN
FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES 1-5-6 15-6-19
PLATE GIRDERS OR ROLLED BEAMS 15-7-8 POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS 33-12-1
PLATFORM, SAND FACILITY 6-6-10 Electric Traction Systems Considerations 33-12-3
PLATFORM DESIGN CRITERIA 6-16-4 Adopted Electrification System AC or DC 33-12-5
PLATFORMS 6-8-20 Electrification Parameters 33-12-5
Access 6-8-21 Operational Requirements 33-12-5
Dimensions 6-8-21 Systems Selection and Design 33-12-3
General 6-8-20 Vehicle Propulsion Types and Performance 33-12-4
Lighting 6-8-22 Electrification System Design Characteristics 33-12-7
Electrical Characteristics of Running Rail 33-12-22
PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS AND ROADWAYS 8-29-7 Grounding and Bonding 33-12-21
PLUMBING 6-2-16 Harmonics 33-12-23
Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-17 High Voltage Sub-transmission Lines 33-12-17
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM 27-2-9, 27-2-33 Negative Return Circuit 33-12-21
POLES Protection and Remote Control/Monitoring 33-12-18
Cantilever 8-12-1 Stray Current Control 33-12-22
POLLUTION Type of Distribution System – Overhead Contact
Air 6-4-22 System or Contact Rail 33-12-10
Type of Substation 33-12-9
Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-22
Introduction 33-12-2
Noise 6-4-22
Approach to These Guidelines 33-12-2
Water 6-4-22
References to Other Applicable Chapters 33-12-2
POLYETHER URETHANE DISC BEARINGS 15-9-55,
Scope and Definition of Electrification Systems
15-10-8
POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DATA 12-2-9, 17-2-3
33-12-3
Special Considerations 33-12-27
PORTABLE ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER 6-5-9
Compatibility with Train Control 33-12-27
PORTAL AND SWAY BRACING 15-1-61
Corrosion Control and Protection 33-12-27

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-50 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS PRESTRESS LOSSES 8-17-21


(CONT) PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 8-17-1
Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility Allowable Stresses 8-17-19
33-12-28 Concrete 8-17-19
Elevated Construction 33-12-28 Prestressing Tendons 8-17-19
Street Level Running Considerations (LRT) 33-12-27 Application of Loads 8-17-53
Testing and Analysis 33-12-28 Cap and/or Sill for Timber Pile Trestle 8-17-56
Maintainability and Reliability 33-12-28 Concrete Strength at Stress Transfer 8-17-45
Safety 33-12-28 Details of Prestressing Tendons and Ducts 8-17-12
Safety Certification Considerations 33-12-28 Development of Prestressing Strand 8-17-14
Start-up and Testing 33-12-28 Minimum Concrete Cover 8-17-12
System Integration and Interface Management Post-Tensioning Anchorages and Couplers 8-17-13
33-12-28 Post-Tensioning Ducts 8-17-13
Traction Power Equipment 33-12-23 Protection for Debonded Prestressing Tendon
ETS System 33-12-25 8-17-13
Supervisory (Central) Control Interface 33-12-23 Protection for Prestressing Tendons 8-17-13
POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRIFICATION Spacing of Tendons and Ducts 8-17-12
SYSTEMSTRACTION POWER EQUIPMENT 33-12-23 Tendon Anchorage Zones 8-17-13
POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT 33-4-4 Deflections 8-17-17
POWER TRANSFER 33-1-5 Diaphragms 8-17-17
POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS, ACCOUNT 31 16-12-14
POWER-PLANT MACHINERY, ACCOUNT 45 16-12-17 Ductility Limits 8-17-28
PRACTICES 5-5-22 Maximum Prestressing Steel 8-17-28
PRE-ASSEMBLY AND SHIPPING, MULTI-ROTATIONAL Minimum Reinforcement 8-17-29
BEARINGS 15-11-21 Effective Flange Width 8-17-16
PRECAST CONCRETE PILES 8-4-11 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Beams with Wide Top
PRECAST/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH WIDE Flanges 8-17-16
TOP FLANGES 8-17-16 Expansion and Contraction 8-17-14
PRECAST SLABS FOR BRIDGE DECKS OR FLOORS 8-29-6 Flange and Web Thickness-Box Girders 8-17-16
PRECAUTIONS 5-5-28
in Unstable Soils 1-4-77
Flexural Strength 8-17-26
Flanged Sections 8-17-27
1
Vegetation Control 1-9-13 Introduction 8-17-26
PREDICTING AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION 1-3-25 Rectangular Sections 8-17-26
PREDICTING LATERAL MIGRATION 1-3-28 Steel Stress 8-17-27
PRELIMINARY DATA 8-11-2 Frams and Continuous Construction 8-17-15
PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING FOR PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS General Analysis 8-17-14
16-7-3 General Design 8-17-18
PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION 1-1-3
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION Basic Assumptions 8-17-18
Composite Flexural Members 8-17-18
3
Design, Tunnels 1-8-2
PREPARATION Design Theory and General Considerations 8-17-18
of Defective Areas 5-5-27 General Detailing 8-17-45
of Foundation 1-4-71 Cover ans Spacing of Reinforcement 8-17-45
of a Specification for the Cleaning and Coating of Embedment of Prestresses Tendon 8-17-49
Existing Steel Railway Bridges 15-8-32 Flange Reinforcement 8-17-45
of Subgrade 8-10-12 Post-Tensioning Anchorages and Couplers 8-17-46
General Fabrication 8-17-49
of Surfaces for Dampproofing 8-29-29
of Track 5-5-3 Application and Measurement of Prestressing Force 4
Prior to Unloading Continuous Welded Rail 5-5-6 8-17-53
Contractor’s Drawings 8-17-49
of Worn Areas 5-5-27 Curing 8-17-50
PREPARATION FOR AN INSPECTION 18-2-10 Erection 8-17-50
PREPARATION FOR WELDING 4-3-54 General 8-17-49
PREPARATION OF HOLES FOR FIELD FASTENERS 15-3-13 Materials and Fabrication 8-17-49
PREPARATION OF HOLES FOR SHOP FASTENERS 15-3-12 Placement of Ducts, Steel, and Anchorage Hardware
PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR WELDING 15-3-18 8-17-50
PREPARING A VEGETATION CONTROL PROGRAM 1-9-2 Storage and Handling 8-17-50
PRE-REVENUE OPERATION TESTING 33-6-30 General Requirements and Materials 8-17-4
PRESENT PRACTICE 5-5-6
PRESENTING PUBLISHED CLEARANCES, SUGGESTED Design Loads 8-17-4
METHOD 28-3-8 Scope 8-17-4
PRESERVATION Load Factors 8-17-18
of Track Fixtures 5-5-24 Required Strength 8-17-18
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF BRIDGE TIES 7-1-3 Loss of Prestress 8-17-21
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT, SPECIFICATIONS FOR WOOD Prestress Losses 8-17-21
FENCE POST 1-6-6 Materials 8-17-10
PRESERVING EXISTING CLEARANCE DURING Concrete 8-17-10
MAINTENANCE WORK 28-3-67 Grout for Post-Tensioning Tendons 8-17-11
Non-Prestressed Reinforcement 8-17-11

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-51


Index

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE (CONT) PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 16-9-2


Prestressing Tendons 8-17-10 PROGRAM FORMS 16-9-5
Rigid Ducts 8-17-12 PROGRAM MAINTENANCE AND SPOT REPAIRS 17-7-3
Materials - Reinforcing Steel 8-17-53 PROGRAM RAIL 4-5-1
Bar Lists and Bending Diagrams 8-17-54 PROGRAMMED TRACK MAINTENANCE 2-3-9
Fabrication 8-17-54 PROGRAMMING WORK 16-9-1
General 8-17-53 Control 16-9-15
Handling, Storing and Surface Condition of General 16-9-15
Reinforcement 8-17-54 Monitoring Results 16-9-15
Placing and Fastening 8-17-54 Performance Standards Data Base 16-9-15
Splicing of Bars 8-17-54 Economics 16-9-5
Mortar and Grout 8-17-52 General Considerations 16-9-6
General 8-17-52 Introduction 16-9-5
Materials and Mixing 8-17-52 Methods of Analysis 16-9-6
Placing and Curing 8-17-52 Service Life 16-9-6
Non-Prestresses Reinforcement 8-17-29 Estimating 16-9-12
Notations 8-17-5 General 16-9-12
Post-Tensioned Anchorage Zones 8-17-34 Unit Cost 16-9-12
Application of Strut-and-Tie Models to the Design of Introduction 16-9-2
Program Development 16-9-2
Anchorage Zones 8-17-39 General Considerations 16-9-2
Approximate Methods 8-17-40 Introduction 16-9-2
Design of the General Zone 8-17-35 Methodology 16-9-3
Design of the Local Zone 8-17-43 Program Forms 16-9-5
Elastic Stress Analysis 8-17-40 PROGRESS REPORTS, VEGETATION CONTROL 1-9-11
General zone and Local Zone 8-17-35 PROHIBITED TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS 15-1-59
Geometry of Anchorage Zone 8-17-34 PROJECT COMPLETION AND BILLING 16-7-7
Pretensioned Anchorage Zones 8-17-45 PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT, INDUSTRIAL &
Shear 8-17-30 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 16-6-3
General 8-17-30 PROJECT MANAGEMENT WITH CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAM,
Horizontal Shear Design-Composite Flexural INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 16-6-3
Members 8-17-33 PROPER USAGE OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF FROGS 5-4-7
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete 8-17-30 PROPERTIES, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL, ENGINEERED
Shear Strength Provided by Web Reinforcement COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-4
PROPERTIES OF AREMA RAIL GRADES 4-2-7
8-17-32 PROPERTY ASSET LEDGERS 16-12-25
Span Length 8-17-14 PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS 1-2-10
Terms 8-17-8 PROPERTY TAX (AD VALOREM) 16-14-6
PRESTRESSING STRAND PROPERTY VALUE IMPACTS 12-2-13, 17-2-4
Development of 8-17-14 PROPORTION OF TESTS 4-3-30
PRESTRESSING TENDONS 8-17-12 PROPORTIONING
Allowable Stresses 8-17-19 Concrete 8-1-31
Debonded, Protection for 8-17-13 and Mixing, Specifications for Concrete Fence Posts
Materials 8-17-10 1-6-7
Protection for 8-17-13 PROPORTIONING GIRDERS AND BEAMS 15-1-51
PRESTRETCHING 15-6-75 PROPORTIONING OF TRUSS WEB MEMBERS 15-1-36
PROPOSALS 15-1-6
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONES 8-17-45 PROPOSALS AND DRAWINGS 15-1-6
PRETREATMENT REQUIREMENTS, WATER AND PROPOSALS AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 15-6-5
WASTEWATER COMPLIANCE 13-3-10 PROPULSION SYSTEM 11-3-4, 11-6-2, 12-3-6, 17-3-3,
PRIMER 8-29-13, 8-29-21 17-6-16
General 8-29-13 Electric Traction Power 17-6-16
PRINCIPAL MATERIALS USED IN THE REPAIR OF PROPULSION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
CONCRETE STRUCTURES 8-14-5 11-7-3, 17-7-5
PROCEDURE 5-8-15 General 17-7-5
PROCEDURES, LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) DURING Normal Inspection Protocol 17-7-5
MAINTENANCE OF ROADWAY MACHINES 27-2-56 Severe Weather Inspection Protocol 17-7-5
PROCEDURES, SPECIFICATION FOR THE QUALITY PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY 12-2-15, 17-2-5
ASSURANCE OF ELECTRIC-FLASH BUTT WELDING OF PROTECTING ROADWAY AND BRIDGES FROM SCOUR
RAIL 4-3-47 1-3-60
PRODUCE TERMINALS 14-4-59 Bridges 1-3-61
PRODUCT TESTING, HEAT-TREATED CARBON STEEL Countermeasure Design Guidance 1-3-78
TRACK BOLTS AND CARBON-STEEL NUTS 4-3-21 Countermeasure Selection 1-3-62
PRODUCTION AND HANDLING 1-2-13, 1-2-24 Embankment 1-3-60
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL 16-6-12 PROTECTION AND REMOTE CONTROL/MONITORING
PRODUCTION QUALITY CONTROL, ENGINEERED 33-12-18
COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-11 PROTECTION FOR DEBONDED PRESTRESSING TENDONS
PROFILES 8-17-13
Velocity 16-2-12 PROTECTION FOR PRESTRESSING TENDONS 8-17-13

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-52 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

PROTECTION OF PARTS 15-6-106 Q


PROTECTION OF PIPE AGAINST PERCOLATION, PIPING
AND SCOUR 1-4-77
PROTECTION OF PIPE CULVERT FROM CONSTRUCTION QUALIFICATION TEST FACILITY 5-9-3
LOADS 1-4-74 QUALIFICATION TESTING 4-3-34, 4-3-40
PROTECTIVE COVER, MEMBRANE 8-29-26 QUALIFICATIONS
PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION STUDY 33-6-20 Recommended Qualifications for Operator Performing
PROVISION FOR EXPANSION, GENERAL DESIGN Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components
REQUIREMENTS, STEEL STRUCTURES 15-1-14 4-4-65
PROVISIONAL POST-TENSIONING DUCTS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/ASSESSMENT OF MAINTENANCE
ANCHORAGES 8-26-37 PRACTICES (AUDIT) 2-3-11
PROVISIONS RELATING TO ENFORCEMENT, AIR QUALITY QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 33-6-29
COMPLIANCE 13-4-14 QUALITY ASSURANCE OF THERMITE WELDING OF RAIL,
PSYCHROMETER 6-5-9 SPECIFICATION FOR 4-2-72
PTFE BEARING SURFACE 15-10-8, 15-11-9 QUALITY CONTROL, ENGINEERED COMPOSITE TIES
PTFE SLIDING BEARING SURFACES 15-10-14, 15-11-9 30-5-11
Design 15-10-15 QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 4-3-44
Erection 15-11-11 QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP 15-3-3
Fabrication 15-11-10 QUALITY, SAMPLING AND TESTING
General 15-11-9 Cement 8-1-9
Materials 15-10-15, 15-11-9 QUANTITATIVE CONSIDERATIONS, VEGETATION CONTROL
Scope 15-10-14 1-9-5
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AGREEMENTS 16-7-5 QUANTITY OF FIELD FASTENERS 15-3-12
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT COSTS AND BENEFITS 16-7-1 QUENCHED CARBON-STEEL JOINT BARS, MICROALLOYED
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS 16-7-1 JOINT BARS, AND FORGED COMPROMISE JOINT
Cost and Benefit Analysis 16-7-6 BARS, SPECIFICATIONS FOR 4-3-15
Costs and Benefits 16-7-6
Force Account Project Estimates 16-7-4
Introduction 16-7-1 R 1
Plans, Specifications and Special Provisions 16-7-5
Preliminary Engineering for Public Improvements
16-7-3 RACKS 15-6-101
Project Completion and Billing 16-7-7 RADIATOR WATER RECLAIM SYSTEM 6-4-18
Public Improvement Agreements 16-7-5 RAIL 4-i, 5-8-10, 18-2-4, 30-1-8
Public Improvement Project Development 16-7-2 Anchorage of 15-8-13
Public Private Partnerships 16-7-2 Anchors 5-7-1
Recommended Practices for Rail Anchor Application
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 16-7-2
PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS, DESIGN 7-2-3 and Maintenance 5-7-5 3
PUBLISHED CLEARANCES, SUGGESTED METHOD OF General 5-7-5
PRESENTING 28-3-8 Specifications for Rail Anchors 5-7-2
PUMP PITS FOR SUBWAYS AND BASEMENTS 8-29-6 Acceptance 5-7-4
Bagging 5-7-4
PURCHASER’S ORDER REQUIREMENTS 33-7-14, 33-7-20, Bearing Area 5-7-2
33-7-26 Design 5-7-2
PURPOSE Dimensions 5-7-3
Access Systems for Maintenance of Way Machines
27-2-62
Fracture Test 5-7-3
Function 5-7-2 4
Materials, Tests and Construction Requirements 8-1-5 Identification 5-7-4
Recommended Calibration Rails for Rail Flaw Detection Inspection 5-7-4
System 4-4-64 Retests and Rejection 5-7-3
Scope 5-7-2
Recommended Qualifications for Operator Performing Shipping Tag 5-7-4
Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components Slip Test 5-7-2
4-4-65 Tagging 5-7-4
Specification for Copper Thermite Welded Electrical Workmanship 5-7-4
Connections 33-7-21 Commentaries 4-6-1
Specification for Thermite Type Welded Rail-Head Bonds Construction and Maintenance 16-10-3
and Track Connectors 33-7-17 Cutting 5-10-11
Specification for Welded Type Rail Head U-Bonds and Design of Rail 4-1-1
Recommended Rail Sections 4-1-1
Extended Bonds 33-7-11 Drillings, Bar Punchings and Bolts 4-3-13
Traction Power Supply Requirements for Railroad AC Embedded Track 12-8-8
Electrification Systems 33-6-3 Rail Considerations 12-8-8
Waterproofing 8-29-4 Standards Organizations and Relevant Standards or
PURPOSE OF INSPECTION 18-3-36 Recommended Practices 12-8-14
PYROMETER, SURFACE 6-5-9 End Connections 15-6-34
Ends 15-6-17

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-53


Index

RAIL (CONT) RAIL (CONT)


Expansion Joints 15-8-15 Wear Terminology 2-1-3
Rail Grades, AREMA, Properties of 4-2-7 RAIL BONDING 33-7-1
Head Method of Determining Rail Bond Sizes - Electric
Profile 2-1-4 Traction 33-7-4
Joining of Rail 4-3-1 General 33-7-4
Application of Rail Bonds 4-3-31 Specification for Copper Thermite Welded Electrical
Application Procedures 4-3-32 Connections 33-7-21
Introduction 4-3-31
Weld Integrity - Preventing Martensite Formation Attaching Metal 33-7-26
in Welded or Brazed Applications 4-3-31 Conductors 33-7-24
General Characteristics of a Rail Joint 4-3-4 Design 33-7-24
Inspection and Classification of Second Hand Rail for Drawings 33-7-21
Welding 4-3-53 Inspection 33-7-27
Joint Bars and Assemblies 4-3-5 Marking 33-7-27
Rail Drillings, Bar Punchings and Bolt 4-3-13 Material and Workmanship 33-7-24
Specification for Fabrication of Continuous Welded Packing 33-7-27
Rail 4-3-49 Purchaser’s Order Requirements 33-7-26
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Track
Bolts and Carbon-Steel Nuts 4-3-19 Purpose 33-7-21
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Resistance of Installed Connections 33-7-26
Electric-Flash Butt Welding of Rail 4-3-1 Tender 33-7-21
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Thermite Tests 33-7-27
Welding of Rail 4-3-55 Warranty 33-7-27
Specifications for Bonded Insulation Rail Joints Specification for Rail-Head Pin-Type Bonds and Track
4-3-32 Connectors 33-7-15
Specifications for Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Specification for Stud Terminal Copper Rail Bonds
Rail Joints 4-3-38
Specifications for Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars, 33-7-8
Microalloyed Joint Bars, and Forged Compromise General 33-7-8
Joint Bars 4-3-15 Guarantee 33-7-10
Specifications for Spring Washers 4-3-29 Inspection and Rejection 33-7-10
Joints 5-5-24 Manufacture 33-7-8
Lubrication 16-2-8 Packing 33-7-10
Maintenance of Rail 4-4-1 Physical Properties and Tests 33-7-9
Beveling or Slotting of Rail Ends 4-4-76 Standard Dimensions 33-7-9
Field, Rail Flaw Identification 4-4-3 Terms 33-7-8
Illustrations of Rail Surface Conditions 4-4-57 Specification for Thermite Type Welded Rail-Head Bonds
Recommended Calibration Rails for Rail Flaw and Track Connectors 33-7-17
Detection System 4-4-64 Attaching Metal 33-7-19
Recommended Minimum Performance Guideline for Conductors 33-7-18
Rail Testing 4-4-60 Design 33-7-18
Recommended Practices for Rail/Wheel Friction Drawings 33-7-17
Control 4-4-77 Identification 33-7-19
Recommended Repair of Defective or Broken Rail in Inspection 33-7-20
CWR 4-4-74 Marking 33-7-21
Reconditioning Rail Ends 4-4-76 Material and Workmanship 33-7-17
Manufacture of Rail 4-2-1 Packing 33-7-20
Specifications for Steel Rails 4-2-3 Purchaser’s Order Requirements 33-7-20
Methods of Extending Life 16-10-8 Purpose 33-7-17
Resistance of Installed Bonds 33-7-19
Methods of Joining and Laying 16-10-7 Tender 33-7-17
Miscellaneous 4-5-1 Terminals (Sleeve or Other Device Supplied by
Rail Information 4-5-1 Manufacturer) 33-7-19
Number of Rail Anchors to Resist Rail Creepage 5-5-18 Tests 33-7-20
and Other Track Material, Except Joints 5-5-24 Warranty 33-7-21
Recommended Minimum Performance Guideline for Rail Specification for Welded Type Rail Head U-Bonds and
Testing 4-4-60 Extended Bonds 33-7-11
Introduction 4-4-60 Alternates 33-7-12
Measuring Against the Performance Guidelines Conductors 33-7-12
4-4-62 Design 33-7-12
Performance Guideline for Regular Testing 4-4-60 Drawings 33-7-11
Verification of Reliability Ratio for Missed Defects Identification 33-7-13
4-4-63 Inspection 33-7-14
Selection Criteria 16-10-3 Marking 33-7-15
Support 16-10-9 Material and Workmanship 33-7-12
as Supporting Beams 15-8-25 Purchaser’s Order Requirements 33-7-14
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-10 Purpose 33-7-11

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-54 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

RAIL BONDING (CONT) RAIL TRANSIT (CONT)


Resistance of Installed Bonds 33-7-13 Track and Roadway Considerations 12-3-1
Tender 33-7-12 Vehicle Considerations 12-5-1
Terminals 33-7-13 RAIL WEAR INFORMATION 4-5-2
Tests 33-7-14 RAIL WEAR PARAMETERS, RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
Warranty 33-7-15 FOR MEASURING
RAIL BONDS, APPLICATION 4-3-31 Accuracy & Calibration 2-2-39
Application Procedures 4-3-32 Distance Between Rail Wear Measurements 2-2-39
Introduction 4-3-31 Frequency of Measurement 2-2-39
Weld Integrity - Preventing Martensite Formation in Introduction 2-2-38
Welded or Brazed Applications 4-3-31 Measurement Methodology 2-2-38
RAIL CARS, SELF-PROPELLED 16-3-16 RAIL-BOUND MANGANESE STEEL FROGS 5-4-7
RAIL CONSIDERATIONS, EMBEDDED TRACK 12-8-8 RAILROAD ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS 33-4-1
RAIL CORRIDOR CRITERIA 12-2-12 Catenary Definitions, Standards and Concepts 33-4-3
RAIL CROSSINGS AND TURNOUTS 18-2-4 Catenary Support Options 33-4-3
RAIL DEFECT INFORMATION 4-5-2 Distribution System 33-4-5
RAIL END AND PREPARATION REQUIREMENTS 4-3-43 Power Supply Equipment 33-4-4
RAIL FASTENERS Sectionalization Equipment 33-4-7
Types for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-15 Support Equipment 33-4-5
RAIL FASTENING REQUIREMENTS Catenary System Design Criteria 33-4-8
For Concrete Slab Track 8-27-14 Catenary Pole Criteria 33-4-12
RAIL FIXATION (FASTENING) 12-8-22 Catenary Pole Footings/Seatings 33-4-14
RAIL GRADES, PROPERTIES OF 4-2-7 Clearance Criteria 33-4-10
RAIL GRINDING BEST PRACTICE 4-4-82 Climatic Conditions 33-4-8
Continuous Improvement 4-4-92 Construction Tolerances 33-4-11
Factors That Influence Preventive Rail Grinding 4-4-85 Contact Wire Deflections 33-4-11
Contact Wire Gradients 33-4-12
Grinding Cycles for Preventive Grinding 4-4-90 General Introduction 33-4-8
Planning and Quality Control of Rail Grinding 4-4-92 Contact Wire Ampacity 33-4-21
Preventive Grinding Metal Removal Rates 4-4-89 Introduction 33-4-21
Rail Grinding Definition 4-4-82 Method of Calculating Ampacity 33-4-21 1
Reason for Rail Grinding 4-4-82 Overload or Short Time Ampacity Conditions 33-4-24
Scope 4-4-82 Overload or Short Time Ampacity Ratings 33-4-24
Surface Finish Tolerances 4-4-91 Sample Calculation 33-4-23
What is Best Practice Rail Grinding? 4-4-83 Table of Continuous Ampacity Ratings 33-4-24
RAIL GRINDING DEFINITION 4-4-82 Uniform Rating Parameters 33-4-23
Electrification Feeding and Sectionalizing Arrangements
RAIL GUIDE WHEEL EQUIPMENT, SPECIFICATIONS FOR 33-4-16
27-2-45 Recommendations 33-4-17
RAIL INFORMATION 4-5-1
Program Rail 4-5-1
Scope 33-4-16 3
Terms 33-4-16
Rail Defect Information 4-5-2 RAILS AND OTHER TRACK MATERIAL, ACCOUNT 9
Rail Wear Information 4-5-2 16-12-8
Program Rail 4-5-1 RAILSEAT ABRASION REPAIR 30-4-56
Use of Rail Information 4-5-2 RAILWAY APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS
RAIL JOINTS 30-1-8 ENGINEERING 16-6-1
RAIL MOUNTED DETECTOR EQUIPMENT 16-5-9 RAILWAY BRIDGES, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS 28-1-4
RAIL PROFILE QUALITY INDEX DEFINITIONS 2-1-11
RAIL REQUIREMENTS, FABRICATION OF CONTINUOUS
RAILWAY BRIDGES, TIMBER, TYPICAL PLANS 7-4-23 4
RAILWAY BUILDINGS, SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL
WELDED RAIL 4-3-49 DESIGN CRITERIA 6-1-1
RAIL RESTRAINT Design Criteria 6-1-12
Lateral 30-4-26 Electrical 6-1-14
Longitudinal 30-4-26 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning 6-1-13
RAIL SEAT ABRASION 30-4-9 Materials 6-1-13
RAIL SURFACE CONDITION, SECOND HAND RAIL 4-3-53 Overall Considerations 6-1-12
RAIL SYSTEM INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Special Considerations 6-1-13
Financial Analysis of Investment Projects from the Structural Considerations 6-1-13
Individual Corporate Perspective, Report No. General Design Criteria for Railway Buildings 6-1-8
DOT-P-10-78-34, May 1978 16-B-2 General Considerations for Railway Building Design
RAIL TRANSIT 12-i, 9-1-35 6-1-10
Corridor Planning Considerations 12-2-1 Scope 6-1-8
Embedded Track 12-8-1 Site Considerations 6-1-8
Facilities and Structural Considerations 12-4-1 Site Work 6-1-9
Introduction 12-1-1 Utilities 6-1-10
Maintenance of Way Considerations 12-7-1 Warning 6-1-8
Signals, Communications, and Propulsion Organization of Bid Documents 6-1-4
Considerations 12-6-1

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-55


Index

RAILWAY BUILDINGS, SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL RAILWAY TRACK SCALES (CONT)


DESIGN CRITERIA (CONT) Clearances 2-14
Bidding Requirements 6-1-4 Dead Rails and Dead Rail Beams 2-19
Construction Specifications Institute Format 6-1-6 Dead Rails - When Required 2-19
Contract Forms 6-1-4 Elevation 2-19
General Conditions 6-1-5 Transverse Beams Supporting Dead Rails 2-19
Recommended Format 6-1-4 Weight of Rails 2-19
Special Conditions 6-1-5 Deck 2-19
Technical Specifications 6-1-5 Clearance 2-19
RAILWAY DESIGN AND GEOMETRICS 5-8-6 Construction 2-19
RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION Type 2-19
Use of Imdepance Bonds with Alternating Current Foreign Material and Precipitation 2-20
Railway Electrification Exclusion 2-20
Non-Typical Impedance Bond Circumstances 33-5-10 Interchangeability 2-15
RAILWAY LINE CLEARANCES, METHODS OF MEASURING Introduction 2-5
28-3-28 Lever Fulcrum Stands 2-12
RAILWAY LOCATION 16-1-1 Anchor Bolt Holes 2-13
Basic Economic Considerations 16-1-2 Bases for Lever Stands 2-13
Location 16-1-2 Finish of Tops of Stands 2-13
Choice of Design and Alignment 16-1-14 Proportions 2-12
RAILWAY OPERATION 16-4-1, 16-4-20 Qualities of Materials 2-12
Introduction 16-4-2 Tie Bars 2-13
Automatic Equipment Identification 16-4-3 Lighting 2-20
Car Distribution 16-4-2 Pit 2-20
Communications 16-4-15 Scale House and Surrounding Area 2-20
Defect Detection 16-4-16 Location and Elevation 2-20
Dispatching 16-4-10 Elevation 2-20
Economics of Train Management 16-4-13 Location 2-20
Emergency Communications 16-4-16 Shelf Levers and Weighbeam 2-20
Essential Communications 16-4-16 Loops and Connections 2-13
Freight Train Length 16-4-5 Design 2-13
Line Capacity 16-4-17 Length 2-13
Locomotives 16-4-2 Locknuts 2-13
New Technologies 16-4-16 Material 2-13
On-Board Communications 16-4-16 Vertical Adjustment 2-13
Terminals 16-4-20 Mass Flow Meters 8-1
Train Consist 16-4-4 Nose Irons 2-12
Train Management 16-4-10 Design 2-12
Train Movement Systems 16-4-12 Marking of Position 2-12
Trains 16-4-4 Retaining Device 2-12
Work Order Systems 16-4-3 Screws and Bolts 2-12
RAILWAY SIDE TRACKS, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS 28-1-7 Pivots and Bearings 2-10
RAILWAY TRACK EQUIPMENT OPERATOR SIGHTLINES Design and Manufacture 2-10
AND VISIBILITY GUIDELINE FOR NEW ON-TRACK Design of Bearings 2-11
MACHINERY 27-2-57 Finish of Bearing Steels 2-11
Definitions 27-2-57 Fulcrum Distances 2-11
RAILWAY TRACK SCALES Interchangeability of Bearing Steels 2-11
Location, Maintenance, Operation and Testing 1-1 Material 2-10
Manufacture and Installation 2-1 Mounting 2-10
Anti-Friction Points and Plates 2-14 Position 2-11
Clearances 2-14 Support for Projecting Pivots 2-11
Material and Design 2-14 Plans 2-7
Approach Rails 2-18 Assembly Plans 2-7
Alignment 2-18 Drawings 2-7
Anti-Creep Provisions 2-18 Materials 2-7
Approach Weighrails - Joints 2-18 Protection from Corrosion 2-18
Weight of Rails 2-19 Surface Treatment 2-18
Capacities and Sizes 2-6 Scale Levers 2-9
Rated Sectional Capacity 2-6 Leveling Lugs 2-10
Checks 2-14 Marking of Levers 2-10
Design 2-14 Nose Iron Guides 2-10
Number, Type and Kind 2-14 Permanency of Adjustment 2-10
Position 2-14 Quality of Materials 2-9
Strength 2-14 Truss Rods 2-10

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-56 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

RAILWAY TRACK SCALES (CONT) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SEGMENTAL


Scale Weighbridges 2-15 BRIDGES (CONT)
Bracing 2-17 Box Girder Cross Section Dimensions and Details
Diagonal Bracing 2-17 8-26-42
Fabrication and Assembly 2-18 Length of Top Flange Cantilever 8-26-43
Stiffeners at Points of Bearing 2-17 Minimum Flange Thickness 8-26-42
Transverse Bracing 2-17 Minimum Web Thickness 8-26-42
Type of Girders 2-15 Overall Cross Section Dimensions 8-26-43
Weighbridge Bearings 2-15 Commentary 8-26-43
Weighrail Pedestals 2-17 Concrete Cover and Reinforcement Spacing 8-26-42
Weighrails 2-18 Cover and Spacing 8-26-42
Weighbeams and Accessories 2-7 Reinforcement Details for Erection Loads 8-26-42
Balance Ball 2-9 Connection of Secondary Beams 8-26-41
Beam Fulcrum Stand 2-9 Couplers 8-26-40
Design 2-7 Design Loads 8-26-12
Factory Adjustment of Notches 2-9 Creep and Shrinkage 8-26-14
Fractional Poises on Registering Weighbeams 2-8 Dead Loads 8-26-13
Identification of Parts 2-8 Erection Loads 8-26-13
Poise 2-8 General 8-26-12
Poise Bearings 2-8 Post-Tensioning Force 8-26-17
Printing Level 2-8 Thermal Effects 8-26-13
Ratio 2-8 Duct Details 8-26-38
Receptacle for Weigh Ticket 2-8 Duct Area 8-26-38
Trig Loop 2-9 Duct Confinement Reinforcement 8-26-40
Type Figures 2-8 Duct Size, Clearance and Detailing 8-26-39
Weighbeam Support 2-9 Duct Supports 8-26-39
RAILWAY TUNNELS Material Thickness 8-26-38
Minimum Radius of Curvature 8-26-38
Double Track Clearance Diagrams 28-1-6 Fatigue Stress Limits 8-26-34
Lining 8-11-1 Fatigue Stress Limits for Bonded Nonprestressed
Single-Track Clearance Diagrams 28-1-5
RAILYARD WASTE 13-5-16
Reinforcement 8-26-34 1
Fatigue Stress Limits for Prestressed Reinforcement
RATE STRUCTURE NEGOTIATION 33-6-29 8-26-34
RATING 8-19-2, 15-7-13 Flexural Strength 8-26-24
of Bridges 15-7-3 Center of Gravity Correction for Strand Tendons
of Equipment 15-7-3 8-26-24
Formulas 8-19-9 General 8-26-24
RATING EXISTING BRIDGES Strain Compatibility 8-26-24
General Requirements and Material 8-26-4
Concrete 8-19-1
RATIONALE AND SCOPE OF WORK, VEGETATION
Concrete 8-26-8 3
General 8-26-4
CONTROL 1-9-2 Notations 8-26-4
REACTIONS 15-1-68 Terms 8-26-7
REAMING AND DRILLING Inspection Access 8-26-42
After Assembly 15-3-15 Load Factors 8-26-17
Through Templates 15-3-14 Construction Load Combinations, Stresses and
REASON FOR RAIL GRINDING 4-4-82 Stability 8-26-19
General 8-26-17
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, TRAIN RESISTANCE 16-2-5
RECLAMATION, TRACK MATERIAL 16-10-18
Service Load Combinations 8-26-17
Strength Reduction Factors 8-26-18
4
RECOMMENDATIONS 33-4-17, 33-5-4 Methods of Analysis 8-26-8
for Fire-Retardant Coating for Creosoted Wood 7-1-19 Effective Flange Width 8-26-8
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SEGMENTAL General 8-26-8
BRIDGES Longitudinal Analysis 8-26-12
Allowable Stresses 8-26-22 Strut-and-Tie-Models 8-26-8
Prestressed Concrete 8-26-22 Transverse Analysis 8-26-11
Prestress Losses 8-26-23
Prestressing Steel 8-26-22 Provisional Post-Tensioning Ducts and Anchorages
Anchorage Zones, Anchorage Blisters and Deviation 8-26-37
Saddles 8-26-34 Bridges with Internal Ducts 8-26-37
Anchorages Bearing Reaction Force 8-26-36 Dead Load or Defection Adjustment 8-26-38
Anchorages in Diaphragms 8-26-36 General 8-26-37
Anchorages in Special Blisters 8-26-36 Shear and Torsion 8-26-25
Deviation Saddles 8-26-37 Design for Plane Section Type Regions 8-26-28
Forces and Reinforcement in General Anchorage Diaphragms, Deep Beams, Corbels and Brackets
Zones 8-26-35 8-26-32
General 8-26-34 General Requirements 8-26-25
Reinforcement 8-26-35 Scope 8-26-25
Reinforcement Detailing 8-26-35 Shear Transfer at Interfaces 8-26-33

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-57


Index

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SEGMENTAL RECOMMENDED PRACTICE (CONT)


BRIDGES (CONT) for Measuring Rail Wear Parameters 2-2-38
Strut-and-Tie Truss Model Design for Either Beam for Rail Anchor Application and Maintenance 5-7-5
Type or Discontinuity Regions 8-26-30 for Switch Point and Stock Rail Changeout 5-5-28
Two-Way Punching Shear 8-26-33 for Use of Abrasive Wheels 5-10-6
RECOMMENDED CALIBRATION RAILS FOR FLAW for Using, Redressing, Sharpening and Replacing
DETECTION SYSTEMS 4-4-64 Handles in Track Tools 5-6-57
Calibration Rails 4-4-64 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR SIMPLE STRESS
Manufacture of Calibration Rails 4-4-64 LAMINATED DECK PANELS 7-2-40
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR RAIL/WHEEL FRICTION
Purpose 4-4-64 CONTROL 4-4-77
RECOMMENDED CLEARANCE SPECIFICATION TO PROVIDE Friction Measurement Systems 4-4-79
FOR OVERHEAD ELECTRIFICATION 33-2-2
General 4-4-77
Altitude Compensation 33-2-12
Clearances from Energized Ancillary Conductors 33-2-12 Lubricants and/or Friction Modifiers 4-4-80
Depth of Construction of the OCS at Supports (D) Measuring Friction Control Effectiveness 4-4-77
33-2-14 Scope 4-4-77
Design and Construction Clearance 33-2-7 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR SHIPPING, HANDLING,
Electrical Clearances from Energized Parts to Grounded APPLICATION AND USE 30-4-44
Parts (Air Clearances) 33-2-9 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR OPERATOR
General 33-2-6 PERFORMING ULTRASONIC TESTING OF RAIL OR
Lateral Displacements and Super-Elevation 33-2-15 TRACK COMPONENTS 4-4-68
OCS Clearances Requirement at Overhead Structures (H)
33-2-14 Calibration of Test Equipment 4-4-69
Tolerances in the OCS System and Position of Track Evaluation 4-4-69
33-2-8 Inspection Procedures 4-4-69
Vertical Clearance 33-2-7 Recommended Procedures 4-4-68
Vertical Clearance Requirements at Overhead Structures Recommended Record Maintenance 4-4-70
33-2-15 Reports 4-4-69
RECOMMENDED COLORS FOR PAINTING MOTOR CARS, Ultrasonic Test (UT) Written Procedure Requirements
ROADWAY MACHINES, WORK EQUIPMENT AND RAIL 4-4-68
GUIDE WHEEL EQUIPMENT 27-1-3
RECOMMENDED DESIGN STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE RESULTS, RECOMMENDED QUALIFICATIONS FOR OPERATOR
INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 16-6-3 PERFORMING ULTRASONIC TESTING OF RAIL OR
RECOMMENDED FORMAT, ORGANIZATION OF BID TRACK COMPONENTS 4-4-65
DOCUMENTS 6-1-4 Examination of Personnel 4-4-67
RECOMMENDED LIMITS OF WEAR FOR TOOLS TO BE NDT Level III or Program Administrator Requirements
RECLAIMED 5-6-17 4-4-66
RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE PLANNING USE OF GAGE Personnel 4-4-67
RESTRAINT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM DATA 2-2-16 Purpose 4-4-65
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PERFORMANCE GUIDELINE Qualifications 4-4-65
FOR RAIL TESTING 4-4-60 RECOMMENDED RAIL SECTIONS 4-1-1
Introduction 4-4-60 RECOMMENDED RECORD MAINTENANCE 4-4-70
Measuring Against the Performance Guidelines 4-4-62 RECOMMENDED REPAIR OF DEFECTIVE OR BROKEN RAIL
Performance Guideline for Regular Testing 4-4-60 IN CWR 4-2-74
Verification of Reliability Ratio for Missed Defects General 4-2-74
4-4-63 Scope 4-2-74
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE RECOMMENDED VOLTAGES 33-3-1
Definitions 33-3-2
Calculating Rail Profile Quality Index (RPQI) 2-2-39 Contingency Minimum Vehicle Operating Voltage
Calculation Methodology 2-2-39 33-3-2
General 2-2-39 Maximum No-Load Substation Voltage 33-3-2
Conditions for Gage Restraint Measurement 2-2-5 Maximum Vehicle Operating Voltage 33-3-2
for Design of Wood Culverts 7-2-39 Minimum Vehicle Operating Voltage 33-3-2
for Development and Use of Track Quality Indices (TQI) Nominal Operating Voltage 33-3-2
Generated from TGMV Data 2-3-15 Design Criteria 33-3-3
Issues to be Considered When Selecting and Using Introduction 33-3-1
TQIs 2-3-16 General 33-3-1
Recommended Voltages for New Construction 33-3-3
Summary of Common TQI Descriptions and Typical RECOMMENDED VOLTAGES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION
Usages 2-3-24 33-3-3
Summary of TQI Advantages and Disadvantages RECONDITIONING RAIL ENDS 4-4-76
2-3-26 RECONDITIONING, SECOND HAND RAIL 4-3-53
Summary of Track Segmentation RECORD COLLECTION 6-5-7
Advantages/Disadvantages 2-3-23 RECORDS 8-20-3, 8-22-7, 8-2
Summary of Track Segmentation Description and RECTANGULAR SECTIONS 8-17-26
Typical Usage 2-3-21 RECYCLABLE MATERIALS 13-5-17
Track Quality Index (TQI) 2-3-15 REDRESSING OF TOOLS 5-6-58
REFERENCES
Typical Uses of Track Quality Indices (TQIs) 2-3-15 Buildings and Support Facilities 6-R-1
for the Manufacture of Two-Piece Steel Doweled Concrete Structures and Foundations 8-R-1
Laminated Cross Ties (TPSDLC) 30-3-107

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-58 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

REFERENCES (CONT) REINFORCED CONCRETE (CONT)


Economics of Plant, Equipment and Operations 16-R-1 Modulus of Elasticity 8-2-34
High Speed Rail Systems 17-R-1 Shrinkage Coefficient 8-2-34
Maintenance-of-Way Work Equipment 27-R-1 Span Length 8-2-34
Roadway and Ballast 1-R-1 Stiffness 8-2-34
Seismic Design for Railway Structures 9-R-1 T-Girder Construction 8-2-36
Steel Structures 15-R-1 Thermal Coefficient 8-2-34
Ties 30-R-1 Design Methods 8-2-38
Timber Structures 7-R-1 Commentary 8-2-65, 8-14-25
Yards and Terminals 14-R-1 General 8-2-65
REFERENCES IN 2002 AREMA COMMUNICATIONS & Pier Protection 8-2-65
SIGNALS MANUAL OF RECOMMENDED PRACTICE, Details of Reinforcement 8-2-17
VOLUME 2, PART 5 DEFECT DETECTION SYSTEMS Concrete Protection for Reinforcement 8-2-18
16-5-14 Concrete Cover for Bar Bundles 8-2-19
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3.4 1-3-24 Concrete Cover for Corrosive and Marine
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3.5 1-3-59 Environments 8-2-19
REFERENCES AND SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL Corrosion Protection 8-2-19
INFORMATION 27-1-15 Minimum Concrete Cover 8-2-18
REFLECTORIZED MATERIALS, ROADWAY SIGNS 1-7-4 Hooks and Bends 8-2-17
REFUGE NICHES 8-11-6 Minimum Bend Diameter 8-2-17
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION INTERFACES 12-2-19 Standard Hooks 8-2-17
REGULATORY CITATIONS, WATER AND WASTEWATER Limits for Reinforcement of Compression Members
COMPLIANCE 13-3-3, 13-3-5, 13-3-7, 13-3-9, 13-3-11 8-2-21
REGULATORY CITATIONS, WASTE MANAGEMENT 13-5-4, Lateral Reinforcement 8-2-21
13-5-9, 13-5-13 Longitudinal Reinforcement 8-2-21
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 11-3-4, 11-3-5, 11-3-11, Minimum Reinforcement of Flexural Members
12-3-6, 12-3-8, 12-3-13, 12-4-26, 17-3-3, 17-3-4, 8-2-19
17-4-3, 17-4-4, 17-7-4 Distribution of Reinforcement 8-2-19
REHEARING 4-3-19 Lateral Reinforcement 8-2-20
REHEAT TREATMENT 4-3-24, 4-3-30 Shear Reinforcement 8-2-20
Minimum 8-2-20
1
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Box Culverts Spacing 8-2-21
Design Principles Types 8-2-21
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement 8-2-23
Live Load 8-16-20 Spacing of Reinforcement 8-2-18
Culvert Pipe 8-10-1 Development and Splices of Reinforcement 8-2-23
Design 8-10-4 Anchorage of Shear Reinforcement 8-2-29
Alternate Design Procedure 8-10-12 Development
Bedding Factors 8-10-6
Factor of Safety 8-10-12
Standard Hooks in Tension 8-2-27
Welded Wire Fabric in Tension 8-2-28
3
General 8-10-4 Deformed Wire Fabric 8-2-28
Loads 8-10-4 Smooth Wire Fabric 8-2-29
Minimum Pipe Strength 8-10-12 Development Length
Bundled Bars 8-2-26
Pipe Strength 8-10-12 Deformed Bars and Deformed Wire in Tension
References 8-10-4 8-2-25
General 8-10-2 Deformed Bars in Compression 8-2-26
Definitions 8-10-2
Scope 8-10-2
Development Requirements 8-2-23
General 8-2-23 4
Installation 8-10-12 Negative Moment Reinforcement 8-2-24
Backfill and Embankment 8-10-14 Positive Moment Reinforcement 8-2-24
Pipe Installation 8-10-13 Special Members 8-2-25
Mechanical Anchorage 8-2-29
Preparation of Subgrade 8-10-12 Splices of Reinforcement 8-2-31
Materials 8-10-3 Deformed Bars and Deformed Wire in Tension
Acid Resistant Coatings 8-10-4 8-2-31
Manholes 8-10-3 Deformed Bars in Compression 8-2-32
Pipe 8-10-3 End Bearing Splices 8-2-32
Rubber Gaskets 8-10-4 Lap Splices 8-2-31
Design 8-2-1 Welded Deformed Wire Fabric in Tension
Analysis and Design 8-2-33 8-2-33
Analysis Methods 8-2-33 Welded Smooth Wire Fabric in Tension 8-2-33
Bearings 8-2-35 Welded Splices and Mechanical Connections
Box-Girder Construction 8-2-37 8-2-31
Composite Concrete Flexural Members 8-2-35 General 8-2-5
Computation of Deflections 8-2-34 Buildings 8-2-6
Expansion and Contraction 8-2-33 Design Methods 8-2-5
General 8-2-33 Highway Bridges 8-2-6
Pier Protection 8-2-6

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-59


Index

REINFORCED CONCRETE (CONT) REINFORCED CONCRETE (CONT)


Scope 8-2-5 Shear-Friction 8-2-43
Skewed Concrete Bridges 8-2-6 Special Provisions
SuperStructure Protection 8-2-6 Brackets and Corbels 8-2-47
Load Factor Design 8-2-48 Slabs and Footings 8-2-46
Compression Members With or Without Flexure Stress 8-2-41
8-2-52 General Requirements 8-2-38
Biaxial Loading 8-2-53 REINFORCEMENT 8-1-23, 8-1-55, 8-3-14
General Requirements 8-2-52 Anchorage Zones, Anchorage Blisters and Deviation
Strengths 8-2-52 Saddles 8-26-35
Control of Deflections 8-2-65 Concrete 8-1-17, 8-2-16
General 8-2-65 Concrete Protection for 8-1-28, 8-2-18
Superstructure Depth Limitations 8-2-65 Construction for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-10
Design Assumptions 8-2-49 Detailing, Anchorage Zones, Anchorage Blisters and
Strength Design 8-2-49 Deviation Saddles 8-26-35
Distribution of Flexural Reinforcement 8-2-64 Details of 8-1-25
Fatigue Stress Limit for Reinforcement 8-2-64 of Members 15-4-5
Flexure 8-2-49 Negative Moment 8-2-24
Maximum Reinforcement of Flexural Members Placing of 8-1-26
8-2-49 Positive Moment 8-2-24
Other Cross Sections 8-2-51 Segmental Bridges 8-26-8
Rectangular Sections With Compression Spacing of 8-1-27
Reinforcement 8-2-51 Splices 8-14-21
Rectangular Sections With Tension Surface Conditions of 8-1-25
Reinforcement Only 8-2-50 REINFORCING PLATES AT PIN HOLES 15-1-62
T-and T-Sections With Tension Reinforcement REINFORCING STEEL 8-19-6
Only 8-2-50 REJECTION 4-3-18
Permissible Bearing Stress 8-2-63 RELATED FILTER MATERIALS
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
Serviceability Requirements 8-2-63 RELAY RACKS AND COMPUTER EQUIPMENT 6-11-4
Application 8-2-63 RELIABILITY 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3, 27-2-18
Service Load Stresses 8-2-63 RELIABILITY UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
Shear 8-2-56 17-7-3
Horizontal Design for Composite Concrete RELINING MATERIALS 1-4-79
Flexural Members 8-2-60 REMODELING/EXPANSION, PASSENGER RAIL
Reinforcement Design 8-2-58 (COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND
Shear-Friction 8-2-58 SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-3
Special Provisions REMOTE CONTROL LOCOMOTIVES (RCL), YARD DESIGN
Brackets and Corbels 8-2-62 14-2-33
Slabs and Footings 8-2-61 REMOVAL OF FORMS 8-1-24, 8-11-6
Strength 8-2-56 REMOVAL OF OLD STRUCTURE AND FALSEWORK, AND
Stress, Permissible 8-2-56 CLEANUP 15-4-8
Slenderness Effects in Compression Members REMOVING AND REPLACING TRACK 5-8-10
8-2-54 REPAIR 16-8-2, 16-8-5
Approximate Evaluation 8-2-54 Methods for Prestressed Members 8-14-22
General Requirements 8-2-54 and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures 8-14-1
Strength Requirements 8-2-48 and Replacement Criteria for Switch Points and Stock
Design Strength 8-2-48 Rails (for Main Line Operations) 5-5-30
Required Strength 8-2-48 REPAIR PARTS AND SERVICE 27-2-37
Materials 8-2-16 REPAIR, STRENGTHENING AND RETROFITTING 15-7-5
Concrete 8-2-16 REPEATED LOAD TEST 5-9-6
Reinforcement 8-2-16 REPLACEMENT AND CLEANING, BALLAST 16-10-14
Notations, Definitions and Design Loads 8-2-7 REPLACEMENT OF BALLAST AND IN TRACK CLEANING
Design Loads 8-2-11 1-2-15
Loading Combination 8-2-15 REPLACING HANDLES 5-6-60
Service Load Design 8-2-38 REPORT INFORMATION, EXCESSIVE LOADS 28-3-11
Allowable Service Load Stresses 8-2-38 REPORTING
Compression Members With or Without Flexure Additions or Modifications to Clearances 28-3-57
8-2-40 Measurements, Excess Dimension Loads 28-3-49
Concrete 8-2-38 REPORTING OF DEFECTS 8-21-2
Flexure 8-2-40 REPORTS, INSPECTION 6-15-5
Reinforcement 8-2-39 Recommended Procedures for Operator Performing
Shear 8-2-41 Ultrasonic Testing of Rail or Track Components
Design of Shear Reinforcement 8-2-43 4-4-69
Horizontal Shear Design for Concrete REQUIRED STRENGTH 8-17-18
Flexural Members 8-2-45 REQUIREMENTS OF THE SIGNAL AND ELECTRIFICATION
Permissible Stress 8-2-41 SYSTEMS 33-5-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-60 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

REQUIREMENTS, CLEARANCE, LEGAL 28-3-19 RETIRED FACILITIES 9-1-35


REQUIREMENTS, DIMENSIONAL, ENGINEERED REVETMENTS 1-3-29
COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-5 REVISION OF DEPTHS OF FOOTINGS 8-3-7
REQUIREMENTS, PERFORMANCE, ENGINEERED RIDE QUALITY 17-7-4
COMPOSITE TIES 30-5-5 RIGHT OF WAY DESIGN CRITERIA AND CONSIDERATIONS
REQUIREMENTS, LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) DURING 12-3-9, 17-3-4
MAINTENANCE OF ROADWAY MACHINES 27-2-56 At Grade Crossings 11-3-6, 12-3-10, 17-3-4
REQUIREMENTS, SPECIFICATION FOR THE QUALITY Drainage 11-3-6, 12-3-10, 17-3-4
ASSURANCE OF ELECTRIC-FLASH BUTT WELDING OF Environmental 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 17-3-4
RAIL 4-3-46 General 11-3-5, 12-3-9, 17-3-4
REQUIREMENTS WHEN USING SILICA FUME IN Third Party Occupancy 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 17-3-4
CONCRETE 8-1-38 Vegetation Control 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 17-3-4
RESERVE OIL 14-7-3 RIGHT OF WAY MAINTENANCE 11-7-2, 17-7-3
RESISTANCE General 17-7-3
Against Sliding 8-5-6 Maintenance of Way Equipment 17-7-3
Curve 16-2-7 RIGID DUCTS 8-17-12
Grade 16-2-8 RIGID FRAME STRUCTURES 15-1-60
to Movement 16-2-3 RIVETED AND BOLTED CONSTRUCTION 15-1-57, 15-9-33
Starting 16-2-7 RIVETED FIELD CONNECTIONS 15-4-6
Wind 16-2-8 RIVETS
RESISTANCE OF INSTALLED BONDS 33-7-13, 33-7-19 and Riveting 15-3-9
RESISTANCE OF INSTALLED CONNECTIONS 33-7-26 ROADBED 1-1-1
RESPONSIBILITY, TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR Construction 1-1-38
CONSTRUCTION 8-28-2 Contract Documents 1-1-38
RETAINING WALLS 8-21-4, 8-21-23, 9-1-33, 12-4-44 General 1-1-38
RETAINING WALLS, ABUTMENTS AND PIERS 8-5-1 Design 1-1-12
Commentary 8-5-13 Cuts 1-1-13
Computation of Applied Forces 8-5-5 Drainage 1-1-25
Backfill Pressure 8-5-6
Loads Exclusive of Earth Pressure 8-5-5
Fills 1-1-20
General 1-1-12
1
Definitions 8-5-2
Scour 8-2-3 Exploration and Testing 1-1-3
Types 8-5-2 Maintenance 1-1-48
Design of Backfill 8-5-8 Drainage and Erosion Control 1-1-62
Compaction 8-5-8 Maintenance of Earth Slopes 1-1-58
Drainage 8-5-8 Maintenance of Roadbed 1-1-48
Designing Bridges to Resist Scour Maintenance of Rock Slopes 1-1-56
Design Coniderations 8-5-9
Design Philosophy and Concepts 8-5-9
Methods of Opening Snow Blockades 1-1-64
Widening of Cuts 1-1-60
3
Design Procedure 8-5-9 ROADWAY 1-3-32, 16-10-20
Details of Design and Construction for Abutments and
Retaining Walls 8-5-11 and Ballast 1-i
Cantilever Walls 8-5-11 Buildings, Account 17 16-12-9
Counterfort and Buttress Walls 8-5-11 Machines, Account 37 16-12-15
General 8-5-11 Material Reclamation
Details of Design and Construction for Bridge Piers and Fabrication Facilities, Design of 14-7-4
8-5-12 Plant 14-7-4
Bearings and Anchorage 8-5-13 Signs 1-7-1 4
Caissons 8-5-13 Classification 1-7-2
Pier Shafts 8-5-12
Location 1-7-2
Pier Spacing, Orientation and Type 8-5-12
Maintenance-of-Way 1-7-2
Piers in Navigable Streams 8-5-13
Transportation 1-7-2
Information Required 8-5-4
Design 1-7-4
Character of Foundation 8-5-5
Dimensions 1-7-4
Controlling Dimensions 8-5-4
Legends 1-7-4
Field Survey 8-5-4
Placement 1-7-4
Loads 8-5-4
Roadway Signs 1-7-4
Subsurface Exploration 8-5-3
Shapes 1-7-4
Type of Backfill 8-5-4
Materials 1-7-4
Stability Computation 8-5-7
Concrete 1-7-4
Point of Intersection of Resultant Force and Base
Metals 1-7-4
8-5-7
Reflectorized Materials 1-7-4
Resistance Against Sliding 8-5-7
Wood 1-7-4
Settlement and Tilting 8-5-8
ROADWAY APPROACH REHABILITATION AND
Soil Pressure 8-5-8
MAINTENANCE 5-8-7
RETESTS 4-3-17, 5-1-4, 5-2-3, 5-10-3
ROADWAY COMPLETION REPORTS 16-12-24
and Rejection 5-7-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-61


Index

ROADWAY DESIGN AND GEOMETRICS 5-8-4 ROADWAY MACHINES (CONT)


ROADWAY MACHINES 27-2-1 Paint 27-2-53
Access Systems for Maintenance of Way Machines Parts and Instruction Books 27-2-54
27-2-62 Pneumatic System 27-2-51
General 27-2-62 Repair Parts and Service 27-2-54
Purpose 27-2-62 Setup and Alignment 27-2-55
Scope 27-2-62 Shipping 27-2-54
Axle, Wheel and Hub Specifications 27-2-40 Wheels, Axles and Bearings 27-2-47
Electrical Systems 27-2-43 Specifications for Railway Push Cars 27-2-18
Electrical Apparatus Cabinets 27-2-43 Frame, Wheels, Axles and Bearings 27-2-19
General 27-2-43 General 27-2-22
Introduction 27-2-43 General Description 27-2-18
Motor Control Apparatus Overload Relays 27-2-44 Miscellaneous 27-2-20
Hydraulic Systems 27-2-40 Operational Requirements 27-2-18
General 27-2-41 Optional Equipment 27-2-21
Introduction 27-2-40 Paint 27-2-21
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) During Maintenance of Standard Equipment 27-2-20
Roadway Machines 27-2-56 Stenciling 27-2-21
Definitions 27-2-56 Suspension 27-2-20
General 27-2-56 Specifications for Track Motor Cars 27-2-4
Procedures 27-2-58 Brake Systems 27-2-10
Requirements 27-2-57 Cab 27-2-11
Railway Track Equipment Operator Sightlines and Engine 27-2-5
Visibility Guideline for New On-Track Machinery Frame, Wheels, Axles and Bearings 27-2-6
27-2-57 Fuel Tank 27-2-7
Definitions 27-2-57 General 27-2-17
Specifications for On-Track Roadway Machines 27-2-23 General Description 27-2-4
Additional Specifications 27-2-38 Hydraulic System 27-2-8
Body or Cab Top 27-2-34 Maintenance of Way - Work Equipment Bulletin
Brakes 27-2-24 27-2-21
Clearance and Safety 27-2-35 Miscellaneous 27-2-14
Controls 27-2-34 Operational Requirements 27-2-4
Delivery 27-2-39
Electrical System 27-2-31 Optional Equipment 27-2-16
Engine and Power Train 27-2-26 Paint 27-2-15
Exhaust System 27-2-27 Pneumatic System 27-2-9
Fuel Tank 27-2-27 Reliability 27-2-18
General 27-2-23 Standard Equipment 27-2-13
Hydraulic System 27-2-27 Stenciling 27-2-16
Initial Preparation and Servicing 27-2-35 Suspension 27-2-7
Insulation 27-2-26 Travel Speed and Performance 27-2-11
Material 27-2-24 ROCK
Noise Exposure 27-2-39
Non-Compliance 27-2-39 Cores 8-22-7
Paint 27-2-36 ROCKERS OR ROLLERS 15-1-64
Pneumatic System 27-2-33 ROLLER BEARINGS FOR HEAVY LOADS 15-6-36
Repair Parts and Service 27-2-37 ROLLING STOCK 11-5-2, 17-5-9
Shipping 27-2-37 Brakes 17-5-10
Travel Speed 27-2-34 Car Body Exterior 17-5-11
Wheels, Axles and Bearings Car Body Interior and Environment 17-5-11
Frame and Suspension 27-2-25 Crashworthiness 17-5-11
Specifications for Rail Guide Wheel Equipment 27-2-45 Current Collection and Primary Power System 17-5-10
Additional Options 27-2-54 General Description 17-5-9
Brakes 27-2-46 Train Control and Communication Systems 17-5-11
Clearance and Safety 27-2-52 Trucks and Suspension 17-5-10
Controls 27-2-52 ROLLING STOCK DETECTORS 16-5-2, 16-5-9
Delivery 27-2-55 Site Considerations 16-5-6
Electrical System 27-2-50 ROLLING STOCK REQUIREMENTS 12-2-13
General 27-2-45 ROOF COATING SYSTEMS, LIQUID 6-14-10
Hydraulic System 27-2-47 ROOFING
Initial Preparation and Servicing 27-2-53 Conclusions 6-14-29
Insulation 27-2-47 General 6-14-29
Material 27-2-46 Introduction 6-14-2
Mounting of Rail Guide Wheel Equipment to Vehicle Cost and Energy Concerns 6-14-3
27-2-55 Developments in Roofing 6-14-2
Non-Compliance 27-2-56 Roofing Systems 6-14-4
Built-up Roofing Systems (BUR) 6-14-5

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-62 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

ROOFING (CONT) SAFETY/SECURITY (CONT)


General Comments 6-14-4 System Design Criteria 11-3-2, 12-3-4
Liquid Roof Coating Systems 6-14-18 Track and Roadbed Considerations 11-3-15
Metal Roofing Systems 6-14-19 Track and Roadway 12-3-13
Shingle Roofing Systems 6-14-22 Yards and Shops 12-4-31
Single-Ply Roofing Systems 6-14-13
Tile Roofing System 6-14-26 SAFETY/SECURITY, HIGH SPEED RAIL SYSTEMS 17-1-1,
Selecting a System 6-14-3 17-2-3, 17-2-5, 17-3-3, 17-3-4, 17-4-3, 17-4-4,
General Design Considerations 6-14-3 17-7-3
Roof Insulation Considerations 6-14-4 SAFETY/SECURITY TECHNOLOGY 12-2-16, 17-2-5
Wind Design Considerations 6-14-4 SAFETY AND SYSTEM ASSURANCE 17-5-6
ROOFS 6-3-5 SALES AND USE TAX 16-14-7
Hot Asphalt and Coal Tar Pitch 6-14-3 SAMPLE CALCULATION 33-4-23
ROOM FINISHES, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CTC CENTERS SAMPLING 5-9-3, 8-22-6
6-11-6 and Testing 1-2-14
ROPE LENGTH 15-6-75 SAND COCKS, SAND FACILITY 6-6-9
ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT 5-9-8 SANDING FACILITIES 6-6-7, 14-5-5
ROUND SECTIONS 7-2-38 SCALE PIT 4-2
ROUTE IDENTIFICATION 12-2-12 SCALE PITS AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES BELOW
ROUTE TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS 12-2-17 GRADE 8-29-7
RUBBER GASKETS 8-10-4 SCHEDULING OF WORK, VEGETATION CONTROL 1-9-6
RUBBERIZED ASPHALT SCOPE 1-2-9, 8-19-2, 8-14-25
with Plastic Film or Preformed Board Membrane Access Systems for Maintenance of Way Machines
8-29-16 27-2-62
RULES 4-2 Accounting 16-12-4
for Rating Existing Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2 Audit Survey Instrumentation 6-5-8
Ballast, Concrete Ties 30-4-45
RULES FOR THE MANUFACTURE, INSTALLATION, Bridges, New 9-1-17
LOCATION, OPERATION AND TESTING OF RAILWAY Cantilever Bulkheads 8-20-15
MASTER TRACK SCALE 4-1 Cantilever Poles 8-12-2
Rules 4-2
Field Calibration of Track Scale Test Weight Cars 4-4
Concrete Jointing 8-1-28
Construction of Tunnel Using Steel Tunnel Liner Plates
1
Housekeeping 4-3 1-4-90
Length 4-2 Crib Walls 8-6-2
Location 4-2 Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-34
Maintenance and Repairs 4-3 Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-3
Manufacture and Installation 4-2 Electrification Feeding and Sectionalizing Arrangements
Scale Pit 4-2 33-4-16
Testing and Calibration 4-3 Field, Rail Flaw Identification 4-4-3
RUN THROUGH TRAIN Flexible Sheet Pile Bulkheads 8-20-2
General, Design Criteria for Railway Buildings 6-1-8
3
Characteristics of 14-2-29
General, Pile Foundations 8-4-2
Design Objectives 14-2-30 General, Spring Washers 4-3-29
Facility, Design Features 14-2-31 General, Temporary Structures for Construction 8-28-2
Operation 14-2-30 General Requirements and Materials, Prestressed
RUNNING RAIL, UNSUPPORTED 15-8-25 Concrete 8-17-4
RURAL STATIONS 17-2-5 Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation 8-22-2
Highway/Railway Grade Crossings 5-8-2

S
Inspection and Classification of Second Hand Rail for
Welding 4-3-52 4
Materials, Tests and Construction Requirements 8-1-5
Multi-Rotational Bearings 15-9-56, 15-10-29
SAFETY 1-4-77 Natural Waterways 1-3-3
Devices 15-6-46 Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-38
Factors 8-3-8 Other Facilities and Infrastructure 9-1-32, 9-2-23
Prestressed Concrete 8-17-4
Forms 8-1-21 PTFE Sliding Bearing Surfaces 15-10-14
Planning, Corridor Planning Considerations 12-2-7 Rail Grinding Best Practice 4-4-82
Provisions 1-4-75 Rail Information 4-5-1
Roadway Signs 1-7-3 Recommendations for Fire-Retardant Coating for
SAFETY CERTIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS 33-12-28 Creosoted Wood 7-1-19
SAFETY PROVISIONS Recommended Practice for Use of Abrasive Wheels
Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100 5-10-6
SAFETY/SECURITY Recommended Practices for Rail/Wheel Friction Control
Corridor Evaluation 12-2-13
4-4-77
Recommended Practices for Switch Point and Stock Rail
Introduction Changeout 5-5-28
Commuter and Intercity Rail Systems 11-1-1 Recommended Repair of Defective or Broken Rail in
Rail Transit 12-1-1 CWR 4-4-74
Safety 12-1-3 Records 8-22-7
Security 12-1-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-63


Index

SCOPE (CONT) SEGMENTAL BRIDGES


Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 8-10-2 Design Loads 8-26-12
Reinforced Concrete Design 8-2-5 Effective Flange Width 8-26-8
Rules for Rating Existing Concrete Bridges 8-19-2 Flexural Strength 8-26-24
Safe Movement of Excess Dimension Loads on Foreign Prestress Losses 8-26-23
Trackage/Joint Tracks 28-3-62 SEGMENTAL BRIDGES, DESIGN
Shear and Torsion 8-26-25 General Requirements and Material 8-26-4
Slurry Wall Construction 8-25-2 SEGMENTAL BRIDGES, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Electric-Flash DESIGN OF 8-26-1
Butt Welding of Rail 4-3-46 SEGMENTAL GIRDER GUIDEWAYS 12-4-97
Specification for the Quality Assurance of Thermite Design 12-4-97
Welding of Rail 4-2-72 Introduction 12-4-97
Specifications SEISMIC DESIGN FOR RAILWAY STRUCTURES 9-i, 9-1-1
for Bonded Insulation Rail Joints 4-3-32 Analysis Procedures 9-1-23
for Fabrication of Continuous Welded Rail 4-3-49 Basic Concepts and Nomenclature
for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Base Acceleration Coefficient Maps 9-1-11
Carbon-Steel Nuts 4-3-19 Detailing Provisions 9-1-25, 9-2-18
for Laying Rail 5-5-3
for Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints Existing Bridges 9-1-30, 9-2-22
4-3-38 Assessment and Retrofit 9-1-30
for Pipelines History 9-1-30, 9-2-22
Conveying Flammable Substances 1-5-3 Inventory 9-1-30, 9-2-22
Conveying Non-Flammable Substances 1-5-22 Scope 9-1-30
for the Quality Assurance of Electric-Flash Butt General Requirements 9-1-7
Welding of Rail 4-3-55 Ground Motion Levels 9-1-8
for the Quality Assurance of Thermite Welding of Rail Introduction 9-1-3
4-3-55 New Bridges 9-1-17, 9-2-8
for Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars, Microalloyed
Joint Bars, and Forged Compromise Joint Bars General 9-1-17
4-3-15 Other Facilities and Infrastructure 9-1-32, 9-2-23
for Rail Anchors 5-7-2 Buildings and Support Facilities 9-1-34, 9-2-23
for Soft-Steel Track Spikes 5-2-2 Culverts 9-1-33
for Steel Drive Spikes 5-10-2 Rail Transit 9-1-35
for Steel Rails 4-2-3 Retaining Walls 9-1-33
for Steel Tie Plates 5-1-2 Scope 9-1-32
for Track Construction 5-4-1 Track and Roadbed 9-1-32, 9-2-23
for Uncased Gas Pipelines within the Railway
Right-of-Way 1-5-10 Tunnels and Track Protection Sheds 9-1-34, 9-2-23
Specifications for Bonded Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-32 Utilities, Signal and Communication Facilities 9-1-34
String Lining of Curves by the Chord Method 5-3-6 Performance Criteris 9-1-19
Traction Power Supply Requirements for Railroad AC Post-Seismic Event Operation Guidelines 9-1-4
Electrification Systems 33-6-3 Structure Response 9-1-21
Unloading Pits 15-8-17 SEISMIC LOADING, PROVISIONS FOR 8-1-25
Waterproofing 8-29-4 SELECTION OF ROUTE WITHIN CORRIDOR 12-2-11, 17-2-4
SELF-PROPELLED RAIL CARS 16-3-16
Welding of Manganese Steel Castings in Special SEPARATION CONSIDERATIONS
Trackwork 5-5-26 Geogrid Specifications for Ballast and Sub-Ballast
SCOPE AND PURPOSE Reinforcement 1-10-28
Design Criteria for a Locomotive Washing Facility SEPARATION, RECOVERY OR DISPOSAL OF OIL 6-3-8
6-12-2 SERVICE
Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way Facilities, Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities
Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-2 6-4-17
SCOUR 1-3-20, 8-4-5 Life 16-9-6
Load
SCREW GEARING AND CAMS 15-6-43 Design 8-2-38
SEALING 15-1-45 Stresses 8-2-63
Compounds for Joints and Edges 8-29-20 Allowable 8-2-38
SEAM STRENGTH Spaces 6-11-4
of Structural Plate Pipes 1-4-65 SERVICE CONDITIONS 33-6-22
SECONDARY STRESSES 15-1-36 SERVICE EQUIPMENT (SUPPORT AREA) 6-12-6
SECTION 404 PERMITS 13-3-12 SERVICE AND LINE CHANGES 2-3-13
SECTION AT PIN HOLES 15-1-62 SERVICE LOAD COMBINATIONS 8-26-17
SERVICEABILITY, SHIPPING, HANDLING, APPLICATION
SECTION OF RAILS 4-2-12 AND USE, CONCRETE TIES 30-4-48
SECTIONALIZATION EQUIPMENT 33-4-7 SERVICES PROVIDED, MAIN LINE FUELING FACILITIES
SECURITY 14-4-54 6-16-4
Automobile and Truck Loading/Unloading Facilities SERVICING FACILITIES 14-5-5
14-4-39 SET SCREWS 15-6-45
Requirements, Yards and Terminals 14-1-3 SETTLEMENT AND TILTING 8-5-7

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-64 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

SEVERE WEATHER INSPECTION PROTOCOL 17-7-4, SI METRICATION (CONT)


17-7-5 References M-4
SEWERS 6-3-8 SI Writing Style M-3
SHAFT COUPLINGS 15-6-40 Significant Digits M-3
SHAFTS 15-6-31, 15-6-39, 15-6-101 SIDE TRACKS, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS 28-1-7
SHAPES 1-4-14 SIDEWALLS AND ARCH 8-11-3
Class I and Class II 1-4-23 SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS MAINTENANCE 33-1-8
Roadway Signs 1-7-4 SIGNAL COMPATIBILITY WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT
SHARED RIGHT OF WAY 12-2-13, 17-2-4 RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION 33-5-1
SHARED TRACKAGE 12-2-13, 17-2-4 Discussion 33-5-3
SHARPENING OF TOOLS 5-6-59 Electrical Effects 33-5-3
SHEAR 8-2-41, 8-2-56, 8-17-30 Recommendations 33-5-4
General 8-17-30 Requirements of the Signal and Electrification Systems
Horizontal 7-2-30, 8-17-33 33-5-2
Horizontal Design for Composite Concrete Flexural Electric Traction 33-5-3
Members 8-2-60 Signals 33-5-2
Reinforcement 8-2-20
Anchorage 8-2-29 Scope 33-5-2
Spacing 8-2-21 Use of Imdepance Bonds with Alternating Current
Types 8-2-21 Railway Electrification 33-5-5
Reinforcement Design 8-2-43, 8-2-58 Bond Description 33-5-5
Special Provisions Imdepance Bond Functions 33-5-5
Brackets and Corbels 8-2-62 Impedance Bond Failure Modes for Electric Traction
Slabs and Footings 8-2-61 33-5-6
Strength 8-2-56, 8-17-30, 8-17-32 Impedance Bond Failure Modes for Signals 33-5-5
Stress 8-2-41 Signal Track Circuit Assumptions 33-5-5
Permissible 8-2-41
Stress, Permissible 8-2-56 Typical Impedance Bond Configurations 33-5-6
SHEAR AND TORSION 8-26-25 SIGNAL CONSIDERATIONS 11-3-22, 12-3-23, 17-3-6
Design for Plane Section Type Regions 8-26-28 SIGNAL MODIFICATION 33-1-6
SHEAR TRANSFER AT INTERFACES 8-26-33 SIGNAL POWER GENERATING SYSTEM 33-6-27
SIGNAL SYSTEMS 11-3-4, 11-6-2, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
1
SHEAR, HORIZONTAL 7-2-30
SHEAR, TWO-WAY PUNCHING 8-26-33 SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY 12-2-15, 17-2-5
SHEAR-FRICTION 8-2-43, 8-2-58 SIGNAL TRACK CIRCUIT ASSUMPTIONS 33-5-5
SHEARING STRESS 7-2-31 SIGNALS 33-5-2
SHELLING 4-4-66 SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS MAINTENANCE
SHIPMENT OPERATIONS 11-7-3, 17-7-4
Of Timber Bridge Ties 7-1-17 General 17-7-4
Normal Inspection Protocol 17-7-4
SHIPMENT AND PAY WEIGHT 15-3-21
SHIPPING 15-6-76, 27-2-37
Regulatory Requirements 17-7-4 3
Severe Weather Inspection Protocol 17-7-4
Tag 5-7-4 SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS PLANS AND RECORDS
SHOES AND PEDESTALS 15-1-63 18-1-6
SHOP BUILDING AND APPURTENANCES 14-5-7 SIGNALS, COMMUNICATIONS, AND PROPULSION
SHOP DRAWINGS 15-1-6 CONSIDERATIONS 17-6-1
For Construction of Bridge Bearings 15-11-2 Communication Systems 11-6-2, 17-6-16
SHOP EQUIPMENT REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE 6-9-6 General Information 11-6-1, 17-6-2
Operations Centers 11-6-1, 17-6-2
SHOP MACHINERY, ACCOUNT 44 16-12-16
SHOP PAINTING 15-3-19
Propulsion Systems 11-6-2, 17-6-16 4
Signals Systems 11-6-2, 17-6-2
of Machined Surfaces 15-3-19 SIGNALS, INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND PLANNING
of Structural Steel 15-3-19 17-7-3
SHOPS AND ENGINEHOUSES, ACCOUNT 20 16-12-11 SIGNALS AND INTERLOCKERS, ACCOUNT 27 16-12-13
SHORING SYSTEMS, DESIGN OF 8-28-5 SIGNALS AND INTERLOCKING 15-6-7
SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY 33-6-20 SIGNALS SYSTEMS 17-6-2
SHORT SINGLE - SPAN ARCHES AND BOX CULVERTS Automatic Train Control (ATC) System 17-6-4
Communications 17-6-7
8-29-6 Control System - Propulsion System Electromagnetic
SHOTCRETE 8-11-7 Compatibility 17-6-7
SHOTCRETING 8-1-38 General Definitions and Objective 17-6-2
SHOULDER REPLACEMENT OR REPAIR 30-4-55 Hazard Detection and Surveillance 17-6-9
SHRINKAGE COEFFICIENT 8-2-34 Interlocking System 17-6-7
SI METRICATION M-1 SILICA FUME IN CONCRETE, REQUIREMENTS WHEN
Conversion M-3 USING 8-1-38
Introduction to SI Units M-2 SINGLE-TRACK RAILWAY TUNNELS, CLEARANCE
Metric Measurement Units M-2 DIAGRAMS 28-1-5
SITE
Numerals M-3 Considerations
Prefixes for SI Unit Multiples M-2 Design Criteria for Diesel Repair Facilities 6-4-13
Quantity Symbols vs. Unit Symbols M-4 Design Criteria for Observation Towers 6-10-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-65


Index

SITE (CONT) SLURRY WALL CONSTRUCTION (CONT)


Design Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-3 Quality Control 8-25-9
Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-3 Slurry 8-25-7
Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Tremie Concrete 8-25-9
Repair and Servicing Facilities 6-13-1 Water 8-25-8
Design Criteria for Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-2 SMALL SCALE COGENERATIONAL SYSTEM 6-5-5
Design Criteria for Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-4 SMOKING AREA 6-11-4
Selection, Material Reclamation and Fabrication SMOOTH WIRE FABRIC 8-2-29
Facilities 14-7-8 SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL 17-7-5
Work 6-1-9 SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE 12-2-6, 17-2-3
SITE CONSIDERATIONS 6-1-8, 12-4-35, 17-4-4 SOCKETS 15-6-75
For Materials Management Facilities 6-7-2 SOIL
Passenger Facilities 17-4-3 Investigation 8-20-3, 8-28-4
Rolling Stock Detectors 16-5-6 Pressure 8-5-6
Wayside Condition Detectors 16-5-7 Properties 8-28-5
SITE CONSIDERATIONS, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CTC SOLID MANGANESE STEEL FROGS 5-4-8
CENTERS 6-11-2 SOLID SAWN TIMBER TIES 30-3-1
SITE SELECTION 14-4-63 Handling of Ties from the Tree into the Track 30-3-23
SITE SELECTION Recommended Practices for the Manufacture of
Of Rail/Water Facilities 14-4-3 Two-Piece Steel Doweled Laminated Cross Ties
SIZE (TPSDLC) 30-3-107
Facility 6-16-4 Specifications for Timber Industrial Grade Cross Ties
and Length of Pipe 1-4-76 30-3-111
Space Requirements 6-3-5 Specifications for Treatment 30-3-63
and Workmanship of Holes 15-3-12 Substitute Timber Ties 30-3-21
SIZES OF FASTENERS IN ANGLES 15-1-58 Tie Tests and the Economics of Service Life 30-3-17
SIZING FOOTINGS 8-3-7 Timber Cross Ties 30-3-5
SKEW BRIDGES 15-1-15 Timber Switch Ties 30-3-14
SKEWED CONCRETE BRIDGES 8-2-6 Wood Preserving 30-3-32
SLAB TRACK. SEE ALSO CONCRETE SLAB TRACK SOLID WASTE 13-5-3
SLABS AND BEAMS 8-21-4, 8-21-24 Management of Solid Waste 13-5-4
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS What is Solid Waste? 13-5-3
Approximate Evauation 8-2-54 SOUND CONTROL, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY
In Compression Members 8-2-54 OFFICE BUILDINGS 6-2-14
SLENDERNESS RATIO 15-1-42 SOUNDINGS 8-1-43
SLIP TEST 5-7-2 SPACE REQUIRED FOR AISLES 6-2-8
SLUMP 8-1-35 SPACE REQUIREMENTS, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SPOT CAR
SLURRY 8-25-7 REPAIR SHOPS 6-3-5
Material 8-25-11 SPACING
SLURRY WALL CONSTRUCTION 8-25-1 Concrete Reinforcement 8-2-18
Construction 8-25-10 of Piles 8-4-4
General 8-25-10 of Prestressing Tendons and Ducts 8-17-12
Inspection 8-25-13 of Tendons and Ducts 8-17-12
Slurry Material 8-25-11 SPACING OF TRUSSES, GIRDERS, AND STRINGERS 15-1-12
Trench Excavation 8-25-10 SPALLING 4-4-64
Wall 8-25-12 SPANS
Length 8-2-34, 8-17-14
Design 8-25-3 Required 1-4-6
Construction Phase 8-25-3 SPECIAL AREAS, SPACE REQUIREMENTS 6-3-6
Final Condition 8-25-6 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
General 8-25-3 Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-8
Methods of Increasing Stability 8-25-6 For Concrete Slab Track 8-27-17
Qualifications 8-25-3 For Design Criteria of Railway Buildings 6-1-13
Subsurface Investigation 8-25-3 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 33-6-27
General 8-25-2 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, PASSENGER RAIL
Purpose 8-25-2 (COACH)/LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND
SERVICING FACILITIES 6-13-9
References 8-25-3 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS, DESIGN
Scope 8-25-2 CRITERIA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE BUILDINGS 6-2-5
Materials 8-25-7 SPECIAL FABRICATION FOR END, CORNER, AND GATE
Additives 8-25-8 POSTS 1-6-11
Backfill 8-25-8 SPECIAL FABRICATION FOR LINE POSTS 1-6-11
Bentonite 8-25-7 SPECIAL FEATURES, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR
Cement 8-25-8 OBSERVATION TOWERS 6-10-5
Permanent Joint Beams 8-25-9 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS 15-7-23
Precast Panels 8-25-9 SPECIAL MEMBERS 8-2-25

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-66 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

SPECIAL PROVISIONS SPECIFICATIONS (CONT)


for Bascule Bridges 15-6-24, 15-6-49, 15-6-104 for Corrugated Structural Steel Plate Pipe, Pipe-arches,
struction of Tunnels 1-8-3 and Arches 1-4-24
for Swing Bridges 15-6-23, 15-6-46, 15-6-103 for Engineered Wood Products 7-1-3
for Vertical Lift Bridges 15-6-25, 15-6-50, 15-6-105 for Fabrication of Continuous Welded Rail 4-3-49
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR BASCULE BRIDGES 15-6-104 Inspection Requirements 4-3-51
SPECIAL PROVISIONS WHEN USING CEMENTITIOUS Manufacturing Requirements 4-3-49
MATERIALS OTHER THAN PORTLAND CEMENT 8-1-34 Rail Requirements 4-3-49
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Scope 4-3-49
Coach Shop 6-13-5 for Fiber Optic "Route" Construction on Railroad Right of
Combined Coach Locomotive Shop 6-13-7 Way 1-5-29
Support Areas 6-9-9 Abbreviations 1-5-42
for Timber Piles Appendix 1-5-43
First-Class 7-1-11 Construction 1-5-35
Second-Class 7-1-12 Definitions 1-5-39
SPECIAL ROOM ALLOWANCE 6-2-8 Design 1-5-30
SPECIAL TRACKWORK, EMBEDDED TRACK 12-8-22 Documentation 1-5-37
SPECIAL TRACKWORK COMPONENTS 12-3-27 Maintenance 1-5-39
SPECIAL USE STATIONS 17-2-5 Planning 1-5-29
SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-12 Scope 1-5-29
Other Miscellaneous 13-5-14 for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Track Bolts and
SPECIFIC APPLICATION, WATERPROOFING 8-29-5 Carbon-Steel Nuts 4-3-19
SPECIFIC POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED 12-3-36 Check Analysis 4-3-20
Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-34 Chemical Composition 4-3-19
SPECIFICATION FOR COPPER THERMITE WELDED Finish 4-3-25
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 33-7-21 Heading 4-3-25
SPECIFICATION FOR FABRICATION OF CONTINUOUS Ladle Analysis 4-3-20
WELDED RAIL 4-3-49 Marking 4-3-25
SPECIFICATION FOR THE QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
ELECTRIC-FLASH BUTT WELDING OF RAIL 4-3-46
Mechanical Requirements 4-3-20
Packaging 4-3-26
1
SPECIFICATION FOR THE QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
THERMITE WELDING OF RAIL 4-3-55 Product Testing 4-3-21
SPECIFICATION FOR RAIL-HEAD PIN-TYPE BONDS AND Re-Heat Treatment 4-3-24
TRACK CONNECTORS 33-7-15 Scope 4-3-19
SPECIFICATION FOR STUD TERMINAL COPPER RAIL Threads and Thread Fit 4-3-25
BONDS 33-7-8 Tolerances 4-3-24
SPECIFICATION FOR THERMITE TYPE WELDED for Laying Rail 5-5-3
RAIL-HEAD BONDS AND TRACK CONNECTORS
33-7-17
for Metal Crib Walls 8-6-5
for Metal Fence Posts 1-6-10
3
SPECIFICATION FOR TRACK TOOLS
for Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints
General 5-6-4
4-3-38
SPECIFICATION FOR WELDED TYPE RAIL HEAD U-BONDS
Acceptance 4-3-42
AND EXTENDED BONDS 33-7-11
Appendix 1 - Method of Slow Bend Test 4-3-42
SPECIFICATIONS
Engineering Drawings 4-3-38
for Ash and Hickory Handles for Track Tools 5-6-13
Inspection 4-3-38
for Bituminous Coated Galvanized Steel Pipe and Pipe
Marking 4-3-42
Arches 1-4-17
Materials 4-3-39 4
for Bonded Insulation Rail Joints 4-3-32
Packaging and Handling 4-3-42
Acceptance 4-3-37
Qualification Testing (Only) 4-3-40
Dimensional Tolerance 4-3-34
Scope 4-3-38
Engineering Drawings 4-3-32
Workmanship 4-3-39
Inspection 4-3-32
Other Cementitious Materials 8-1-9
Marking 4-3-38
for Overhead Pipelines Crossings 1-5-26
Materials 4-3-32 General Conditions 1-5-27
Packaging and Handling 4-3-38 General Design Requirements 1-5-27
Qualification Testing 4-3-34 Inspection and Maintenance 1-5-29
Scope 4-3-32 Scope 1-5-26
Workmanship 4-3-33 Structural Elements 1-5-27
Cement 8-1-7 for Pipelines
Cementitious Materials, Other 8-1-9 Conveying Flammable Substances 1-5-3
for Clearing and Mowing Vegetation 1-6-23 Conveying Non-Flammable Substances 1-5-22
for Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Arches 1-4-17 for Placement of Bungalows and Other Structures
1-6-23
for Concrete Fence Posts 1-6-6 for Placement of Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe 1-4-9
for Corrugated Structural Aluminum Alloy Plate Pipe, for Polymeric Coated Corrugated Galvanized Steel Pipe
Pipe-arches, and Arches 1-4-26 or Pipe Arches 1-4-17

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-67


Index

SPECIFICATIONS (CONT) SPECIFICATIONS (CONT)


for Prefabricated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe-arches Markings 4-2-24
for Culverts and Storm Drains, and Underdrains Mechanical Properties 4-2-4
1-4-10 Rail Grades 4-2-7
for the Quality Assurance of Electric-Flash Butt Welding Scope 4-2-3
of Rail 4-3-46 Section 4-2-12
Procedures 4-3-47 Supplementary Requirements 4-2-24
Requirements 4-3-46 Surface Classification 4-2-18
Scope 4-3-46 Ultrasonic Testing 4-2-14
for Quenched Carbon-Steel Joint Bars, Microalloyed Workmanship 4-2-20
Joint Bars, and Forged Compromise Joint Bars for Steel Tie Plates 5-1-2
4-3-15 for Steel Tunnel Liner Plates 1-4-82
Bending Properties 4-3-16 Thermite Welding, Specification for the Quality
Chemical Composition 4-3-15 Assurance of 4-2-72
Finish 4-3-18 Frequency of Testing 4-2-74
Inspection 4-3-18 Manuafacture 4-2-72
Manufacture 4-3-15 Scope 4-2-72
Marking and Stamping 4-3-18 Weld Integrity Requirements 4-2-72
Number of Tests 4-3-17 Weld Integrity Test Procedures 4-2-73
Rehearing 4-3-19 for Tie Plugs and Synthetic Tie Plugging Materials
Rejection 4-3-18 30-3-9
Retests 4-3-17 for Timber Crib Walls 8-6-6
for Timber Industrial Grade Cross Ties 30-3-111
Scope 4-3-15 for Timber Piles 7-1-6
Tensile Properties 4-3-16 for Track Construction 5-4-1
Test Specimens 4-3-17 for Track Tools 5-6-4
Workmanship 4-3-18 for Treatment 30-3-63
for Rail Anchors 5-7-2 for Uncased Gas Pipelines within the Railway
Recommended Repair of Defective or Broken Rail in Right-of-Way 1-5-10
CWR 4-4-74 for Wood Fence Posts 1-6-4
General 4-4-74 SPECIFICATIONS FOR ON-TRACK ROADWAY MACHINES
Scope 4-4-74 27-2-23
for Reinforced Concrete Crib Walls 8-6-3 SPECIFICATIONS FOR OVERHEAD PIPELINES CROSSINGS
Reinforcement, Concrete 8-1-18 1-5-28
for Right-of-way Fences 1-6-13 General Conditions 1-5-28
General Design Requirements 1-5-29
for Roadbed Geometry 1-6-22 Inspection and Maintenance 1-5-31
for Snow Fences 1-6-24 Scope 1-5-28
for Soft-steel Track Spikes 5-2-2 Structural Elements 1-5-29
for Spring Washers 4-3-29 SPECIFICATIONS FOR RAIL GUIDE WHEEL EQUIPMENT
Access to Works 4-3-31 27-2-45
Branding 4-3-31 SPECIFICATIONS FOR RAILWAY PUSH CARS 27-2-18
Defect Found After Delivery 4-3-31 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF
Finish 4-3-30 LOW PROFILE, PITLESS, AND INSTRUMENTED
General Scope 4-3-29 RAILWAY TRACK SCALES 3-1
Material 4-3-29 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF
Mechanical Strength and Ductility 4-3-29 LOW PROFILE, PITLESS, AND INSTRUMENTED
Method of Testing 4-3-29 RAILWAY TRACK SCALES
Packing 4-3-30 General 3-2
Permanent Set 4-3-30 SPECIFICATIONS FOR TIMBER BRIDGE TIES 7-1-2
Place of Tests 4-3-31 Bridge Tie Installation 7-1-17
Proportion of Tests 4-3-30 Dapping or Sizing Bridge Ties 7-1-17
Reheat Treatment 4-3-30 Delivery 7-1-17
Uniformity of Stock 4-3-30 Design 7-1-16
for Steel Drive Spikes 5-10-2
End Splitting Control Devices 7-1-19
for Steel Rails 4-2-3
Inspection 7-1-16
Acceptance 4-2-23
Material 7-1-15
Appendix 1 4-2-26
Physical Requirements 7-1-15
Appendix 2 4-2-26
Preservative Treatment of Bridge Ties 7-1-19
Appendix 3 4-2-26
Shipment 7-1-17
Branding and Stamping 4-2-13
Spike or Bolt Holes 7-1-19
Chemical Composition 4-2-4
Tie Branding 7-1-19
Drilling 4-2-19
Tie Plugs 7-1-19
Hydrogen Elimination 4-2-14
SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRACK MOTOR CARS 27-2-4
Interior Condition/Macroetch Standards 4-2-15
SPECIMEN LIMITS 5-6-7
Length 4-2-19 SPEED REDUCERS 15-6-37
Loading 4-2-24 SPEED-TIME-DISTANCE RELATIONS 16-2-10
Manufacture 4-2-3 SPEEDS 11-3-3, 12-3-4, 17-3-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-68 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

SPEEDS OF TRAINS THROUGH LEVEL TURNOUTS 5-3-13 STAFF AND ADMINISTRATION FACILITIES 6-13-5
SPHERICAL BEARINGS 15-10-33 STAIRWAYS, WALKS, AND ELEVATORS 15-6-16
SPIKE OR BOLT HOLES 7-1-19 STAKING SPIRALS
SPILL PREVENTION, CONTROL AND COUNTERMEASURE by Deflections 5-3-5
PLAN 13-3-7 by Offsets 5-3-6
STAMPING AND MARKING 4-3-18
SPIRAL CURVE 5-3-3 STANDARD DIMENSIONS 33-7-9
SPIRALS 5-3-2 STANDARD EQUIPMENT 27-2-13, 27-2-20
SPLICES 15-6-72 STANDARD HOOKS 8-2-17
Deformed Bars in Compression 8-2-32 Development in Tension 8-2-27
Deformed Bars in Tension 8-2-31 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CORRUGATED ALUMINUM
Deformed Wire in Tension 8-2-31 ALLOY PIPE 1-4-17
End Bearing 8-2-32 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS, DEPOSITING CONCRETE
in Flexural Members 15-1-72 UNDER WATER 8-1-42
of Reinforcement 8-2-31 STANDARDS, CODES, AND REGULATIONS 33-6-22
STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS AND RELEVANT STANDARDS
Welded Deformed Wire Fabric in Tension 8-2-33 OR RECOMMENDED PRACTICES, EMBEDDED TRACK
Welded Smooth Wire Fabric in Tension 8-2-33 12-8-14
SPLICING OF BARS 8-17-54 STANDBY POWER 15-6-15
SPOT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATONAL SAFETY STARTING RESISTANCE 16-2-7
ASSURANCE 2-3-2 STATE FRANCHISE TAXES 16-14-7
SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATIONS 8-3-1 STATE INCOME TAX 16-14-5
Combined Footings 8-3-15 STATION AND OFFICE BUILDINGS, ACCOUNT 16 16-12-9
Allowable Soil Pressures 8-3-15 STATION AND PLATFORM 6-8-22, 6-4-13
STATION ENVIRONMENT 14-6-3
Column Loads 8-3-16 STATIONARY SOURCES, AIR QUALITY COMPLIANCE 13-4-6
Sizing 8-3-16 STATIONS AND FACILITIES 12-2-17, 17-2-5
Uses and Types 8-3-15 STATIONS, STOPS, PASSENGER ACCESS & SAFETY
Definitions 8-3-2 12-8-22
Classification 8-3-2 STAY PLATES 15-1-47
General 8-3-2 STEEL
Depth of Base of Footings 8-3-7
Revision 8-3-7
Bridges, Anchorage of Decks and Rails on 15-8-13
Bridges, Cleaning and Coating 15-8-32
1
Selection of Tentative Depths 8-3-7 Fabrication, Welding and Sheet Metal Shop 6-9-8
Field Conditions 8-3-14 High Strength 15-8-30
Drainage 8-3-14 Inner Guard Rails and Guard Timbers 15-1-15
Footings at Varying Levels 8-3-14 Piles 8-4-10
Information on Drawings 8-3-15 Structures 15-i, 15-8-1
Modification of Design 8-3-14 Anchorage of Decks and Rails on Steel Bridges
Reinforcement 8-3-14
Stresses 8-3-15
15-8-13
Anchorage of Decks to Bridge Spans 15-8-13
3
Treatment of Bottom of Excavation 8-3-15 Open Deck Bridges 15-8-13
Footing Stresses 8-3-14 Anchorage of Rail 15-8-13
Loads Eccentric in Two Directions 8-3-14 Foreword 15-8-13
Footings With Eccentric Loads 8-3-12 Maintenance of Bridges with Continuous Welded
In One Direction 8-3-12 Rail 15-8-16
In Two Directions 8-3-13 Rail Expansion Joints 15-8-15
Sizing 8-3-13 Commentary 15-9-1
Information Required 8-3-4 Welding Index 15-9-48 4
Character of Subsurface Materials 8-3-5 Foreword 15-8-1
Controlling Dimensions 8-3-4 Guidelines for Evaluating Fire Damaged Steel
Field Survey 8-3-4 Railway Bridges 15-8-28
Loads 8-3-4 Conclusion 15-8-32
Sizing of Footings 8-3-7 Evaluation of Bridge 15-8-31
Definitions 8-3-7 Fasteners 15-8-30
Footings on Non-Homogeneous Deposits 8-3-11 High Strength Steels 15-8-30
Footings on Soils with Cohesion and Friction 8-3-12 Introduction 15-8-28
Footings on Unsaturated Silts and Clays 8-3-11 References 15-8-32
Safety Factors 8-3-8 Temperature Effects 15-8-29
Shallow Footings on Granular Material 8-3-8 Types of Fires 15-8-29
Shallow Footings on Saturated Clay 8-3-10 Method of Shortening of Eyebars to Equalize the
SPRING-RAIL FROGS 5-4-7 Stress 15-8-9
SPRINGS 15-6-46 General 15-8-9
STABILITY 8-20-10, 8-28-5 Turntables 15-8-3
Calculations 8-20-10 Basic Allowable Stresses and Deflections 15-8-6
Computation 8-5-6 General Details 15-8-6
of Spans and Towers 15-1-23 General Features of Design 15-8-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-69


Index

STEEL (CONT) STRATEGIES AND ECONOMICS, ENERGY CONSERVATION


Loads and Stresses 15-8-4 AND AUDITS 6-5-4
Unloading Pits 15-8-17 STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES, INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS
Applicant’s Responsibilities 15-8-26 ENGINEERING 16-6-4
Concrete Pit 15-8-26 STRAY CURRENT CONTROL 33-12-22
Construction Drawings 15-8-26 STRAY CURRENT EFFECTS 12-4-44
General 15-8-17 STREET LEVEL RUNNING CONSIDERATIONS 33-12-27
Loads 15-8-17 STRENGTH DESIGN 8-2-49
Operating Limitations 15-8-17 STRENGTH OF GEAR TEETH 15-6-41
Rail as Supporting Beams 15-8-25 STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS 8-26-18
Scope and Purpose 15-8-17 STRESS TRANSFER, CONCRETE STRENGTH AT 8-17-45
Structural Supporting Beams 15-8-25 STRESS GRADED LUMBER, ALLOWABLE UNIT STRESSES
Unsupported Running Rail 15-8-25 FOR 7-2-20
Walkways and Handrails on Bridges 15-8-27 STRESSES 5-5-27, 8-3-15, 15-7-16
Clearanceas and Minimum Dimensions 15-8-27 Allowable for Stress-Graded Lumber 7-2-20
Loads 15-8-27 Axial and Bending Loads 7-2-29
Locations 15-8-27 Bearing 7-2-21
Materials 15-8-28 Bearing at Angle to Grain 7-2-29
STEEL BEARING COMPONENTS 15-10-8 Bearing on Bolts 7-2-31
STEEL CARRIER PIPE 1-5-5, 1-5-24 Combined 7-2-29
Compression Allowable for Stress-Graded Lumber
STEEL RAILS 7-2-21
Length 4-2-19 Computation of 8-19-3
STEEL SPECIFICATIONS 2-15 Wood Bridges and Trestles 7-3-2
STEEL STRESS 8-17-27 Footing 8-3-14
STEEL STRUCTURE FABRICATED BY CONTRACTOR 15-4-3 Horizontal Shear 7-2-30
STEEL STRUCTURE SUPPLIED BY COMPANY 15-4-3 Shearing 7-2-31
STEEL, PRESTRESSING 8-26-22 Unit 7-3-4
STENCILING 27-2-16, 27-2-21 Working Unit Stresses for Stress-Graded Lumber 7-2-20
STEP BEARINGS 15-6-36 STRING LINING OF CURVES BY THE CHORD METHOD
STIFFENERS 5-3-6
at Points of Bearing 15-1-54 STRINGERS 7-2-5
STIFFNESS 8-2-34 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
STOCK GUARDS 1-6-20 Perforated Pipe Drains 1-4-100
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 6-1-13
STORAGE 5-10-7, 14-7-3 STRUCTURAL FENCES 1-6-24
Facilities 14-7-10 STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER - GLULAM 7-1-3
and Handling 8-17-50 STRUCTURAL GRADES OF SOFTWOOD LUMBER AND
of Material 15-3-3 TIMBER 7-1-3
and Service Tanks, Sanding Facility 6-6-7 STRUCTURAL LUMBER, TIMBER AND ENGINEERED WOOD
Warehouses, Account 22 16-12-11 PRODUCTS, ORDERING 7-1-5
STORAGE SPACES 6-2-8 Inquiry or Purchase Order 7-1-6
STORAGE, EXTERIOR, IN MATERIALS MANAGEMENT STRUCTURAL PARTS 15-6-28
FACILITIES 6-7-6 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS 6-3-5
STORE ROOM 6-4-16 Design Criteria for Railway Office Buildings 6-2-10
STORES 14-7-2 Passenger Rail (Coach)/Locomotive Maintenance, Repair
Buildings and Structures 14-7-2 and Servicing Facilities 6-13-9
Special Requirements - Coach Shop 6-13-6 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Types of 14-7-2 Rivets, Bolts and Pins 15-1-37
STORM WATER DISCHARGE - CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES STRUCTURAL STEEL, BOLTS AND PINS 15-10-7
13-3-5 STRUCTURAL SUPPORTING BEAMS 15-8-25
Best Management Practices 13-3-6 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 6-3-5, 17-4-3
General 13-3-5 STRUCTURAL TYPES OF BUILDING SYSTEMS 6-8-17
Implementing Agency 13-3-6 STRUCTURE RESPONSE 9-1-21
Regulatory Citations 13-3-5 STRUCTURE SERVICEABILITY CRITERIA 12-4-40
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans 13-3-6 STRUCTURES 14-7-10, 16-8-8
STORM WATER DISCHARGE - INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES Inspection, Evaluation, and Planning 17-7-3
13-3-3 Miscellaneous, Account 35 16-12-15
Best Management Practices 13-3-4 Temporary 8-28-1
General 13-3-3 STRUCTURES MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 11-7-2, 17-7-4
Implementing Agency 13-3-4 General 17-7-4
Regulatory Citations 13-3-3 Normal Inspection Protocol 17-7-4
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans 13-3-4 Regulatory Requirements 17-7-4
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANS 13-3-4, Severe Weather Inspection Protocol 17-7-4
13-3-6 STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS TO THE DESIGN OF ANCHARAGE
STRAIGHTENING MATERIAL 15-3-3 ZONES, APPLICATION OF 8-17-39
STRAIN COMPATIBILITY 8-26-24

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-70 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

STRUT-AND-TIE TRUSS MODEL DESIGN FOR EITHER SURFACE (CONT)


BEAM TYPE OR DISCONTINUITY REGIONS 8-26-30 Preparation, Repairs and Anchorage Using Reactive
STRUT-AND-TIE-MODELS 8-26-8 Resins 8-1-57
SUB-BALLAST Repairs Using Polymer Concretes and Polymer Portland
and Ballast 18-2-2 Cement Concretes 8-14-12
Specifications 1-2-19 Repairs Using Portland Cement Materials 8-14-6
SUBBASE SURFACES OF BEARING PLATES AND PEDESTALS 15-3-8
Design for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-9 SURVEY OF EXISTING STRUCTURES 1-4-78
For Concrete Slab Track 8-27-23 SUSPENSION 27-2-7, 27-2-20
SUBGRADE SWITCH TIES AND CROSSTIES 18-2-4
Construction for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-10 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION, ELECTRIFICATION 33-6-15
Design for Concrete Slab Track 8-27-9 SYSTEM DESIGN 33-6-20
Track Components and Design 18-2-2 Environmental Considerations 33-6-22
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-9 Equipment Design 33-6-23
SUBMITTALS 5-9-3 Functional Requirements 33-6-20
High (Primary) Voltage Circuit Breakers and Disconnect
SUBSTATION SPACING 33-6-16 Switches 33-6-23
SUBSTATIONS 33-1-5 Medium (Secondary) Voltage Switchgear 33-6-25
SUBSTATIONS AND TRANSMISSION LINE MAINTENANCE Service Conditions 33-6-22
33-1-8 Signal Power Generating System 33-6-27
SUBSTITUTE TIMBER TIES 30-3-21 Special Equipment 33-6-27
SUBSTRUCTURE Standards, Codes, and Regulations 33-6-21
Introduction 1-2-4 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
Constructed by Company 15-4-4 (SCADA) 33-6-27
Constructed by Contractor 15-4-4 System Protection 33-6-26
Traction Power Transformers 33-6-24
SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION 8-4-5, 8-25-3 SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA 11-3-2, 12-3-3, 17-3-3
SUBSURFACE MATERIALS, CHARACTER 8-3-5 Environmental 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
SUBURBAN STATIONS 17-2-5 Flange Bearing Wheels 12-3-10
SUITABLE SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE AREAS 12-2-12, General 11-3-2, 12-3-3, 17-3-3
17-2-4
SUMMARY
Mixed Passenger Transit and Freight 11-3-2, 12-3-4,
17-3-3 1
Capacity of Waterway Openings 1-3-16 Passenger Comfort 11-3-4, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Common TQI Descriptions and Typical Usage 2-3-24 Propulsion System 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
Regulatory Requirements 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
Design Criteria for Spot Car Repair Shops 6-3-12 Reliability 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
Economics and Location of Defect Detector Systems Safety/Security 11-3-2, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
16-5-14 Signal Systems 11-3-4, 12-3-6, 17-3-3
Fire Prevention in Yards 14-1-6 Speeds 11-3-3, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Of Railway Applications, Industrial & Systems
Engineering 16-6-17
Superelevation Deficiency 11-3-3, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Track and Roadway Considerations 11-3-2 3
Sub-ballast Specifications 1-2-26 Vehicle/Track Interaction 11-3-4, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
TQI Advantages and Disadvantages 2-3-26 SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND INTERFACE MANAGEMENT
33-12-28
Track Segmentation Advantages/Disadvantages 2-3-23 SYSTEM OPERATION 33-1-2
Track Segmentation Description and Typical Usages SYSTEM PROTECTION 33-6-26
2-3-21 SYSTEM QUALIFICATION AND CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
SUPERELEVATION DEFICIENCY 11-3-3, 12-3-4, 17-3-3 2-2-9
SUPERSTRUCTURE DEPTH LIMITATIONS 8-2-65
SUPERSTRUCTURE PROTECTION, REINFORCED SYSTEM STUDIES 33-6-18 4
CONCRETE DESIGN 8-2-6 Arc-Flash Hazard Study 33-6-20
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM Atmospheric Corrosion Control Study 33-6-20
(SCADA) 33-6-27 Distribution System Conductor Temperature Study
SUPERVISORY OFFICES 6-11-4 33-6-18
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS, STEEL RAILS 4-2-24 General 33-6-18
SUPPORT Geotechnical Study 33-6-20
Beams, Structural 15-8-25 Harmonic Distortion and System Resonsance Study
Lateral 8-4-6
Rail 16-10-9 33-6-19
Systems, Design Criteria for CTC Centers 6-11-4 Insulation Coordination Study 33-6-20
SUPPORT AREAS Phase Unbalance Study 33-6-19
Design Criteria for Centralized Maintenance-of-Way Power and Electronic Circuit Compatibility Study
Equipment Repair Shops 6-9-9 33-6-18
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 33-4-5 Protective Device Coordination Study 33-6-20
SUPPORT STRUCTURE, EMBEDDED TRACK 12-8-22 Short Circuit Study 33-6-20
SURFACE Train Operation Simulation and Load-Flow Study
Classification 4-2-18
33-6-18
Finish Tolerances, Rail Grinding 4-4-91
Voltage Flicker Study 33-6-19
Preparation, Cleaning and Coating of Existing Steel
SYSTEM-WIDE INTEGRATION TESTING 33-6-30
Railway Bridges 15-8-33

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-71


Index

T TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR CONSTRUCTION (CONT)


Types of 8-28-3
TENDER 33-7-12, 33-7-17, 33-7-21
TABLE OF CONTINUOUS AMPACITY RATINGS 33-4-24 TENDON ANCHORAGE ZONES 8-17-13
TABLES, EQUATED MILEAGE PARAMETERS 16-11-3 TENSILE PROPERTIES, QUENCHED CARBON-STEEL JOINT
TACK WELDS 15-3-19 BARS, MICROALLOYED JOINT BARS, AND FORGED
TAGGING 5-7-4 COMPROMISE JOINT BARS 4-3-16
TAMPING 5-5-23 TENSION MEMBERS
Tools 5-5-23 Effective Area, Fatigue 15-1-50, 15-9-29
TANGENT TRACK, LEVEL 16-2-3 Effective Net Area, Strength 15-1-48, 15-9-29
TAPPED HOLES 15-6-45 TENTATIVE DEPTHS, SELECTION 8-3-7
TAXES 33-1-8, 16-14-1 TERMINAL CONFIGURATION 14-4-55
Federal Income Tax 16-14-2 TERMINAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR RUN THROUGH
Depreciation Groupings 16-14-2 TRAINS 14-2-29
Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) 16-14-3 TERMINAL MAINTENANCE
Class Life Asset Depreciation Range System (ADR) Of Waterfront Facilities 14-4-12
16-14-3 TERMINALS 33-7-13
Class Life System 16-14-3 Planning 14-6-2
Guideline Depreciation 16-14-3 TERMINALS (SLEEVE OR OTHER DEVICE SUPPLIED BY
Original 1942 Submission 16-14-2 MANUFACTURER) 33-7-19
Section 94 (Technical Correction as of 1956)
16-14-2 TERMS 8-24-3, 33-4-16, 33-7-8
Tax Reform Act of 1986 16-14-4 Concrete 8-2-10
Gains and Losses 16-14-5 Materials, Tests and Construction Requirements 8-1-6
General 16-14-2 Pier Protection Systems at Spans Over Navigable
IRS Submissions 16-14-5 Streams 8-23-2
Retention of Documents 16-14-5 Prestressed Concrete 8-17-8
Introduction 16-14-2 Waterproofing 8-29-8
Scope 16-14-2 TEST 1A: BENDING - RAILSEAT POSITIVE 30-2-3
Investment Tax Credit (ITC) 16-14-6 TEST 1B: BENDING - RAILSEAT NEGATIVE 30-2-4
General 16-14-6 TEST 1C: BENDING - CENTER NEGATIVE 30-2-5
Property Tax (Ad Valorem) 16-14-6 TEST 1D: FLEXURAL FATIGUE 30-2-7
Assessment 16-14-7 TEST 2: RAIL/PLATE AREA COMPRESSION 30-2-1
Non-Operating Property 16-14-7 TEST 3B: SPIKE LATERAL RESTRAINT 30-2-9
TEST 4A: TIE PAD TEST 30-2-10
Operating Property 16-14-7 TEST 4B: TIE PAD ATTENUATION TEST 30-2-10
Reporting 16-14-6 TEST 5A: FASTENER UPLIFT 30-2-11
Sales and Use Tax 16-14-7 TEST 5B: FASTENER LONGITUDINAL RESTRAINT 30-2-13
General 16-14-7 TEST 5C: FASTENER REPEATED LOAD 30-2-14
State Franchise Taxes 16-14-7 TEST 5D: FASTENER LATERAL LOAD RESTRAINT 30-2-15
State Income Tax 16-14-5 TEST 5E: FASTENER ASSEMBLY ROTATION 30-2-16
General 16-14-5 TEST 6: WEAR/ABRASION 30-2-17
TECHNICAL NOTES 33-2-14 TEST 7: FASTENER ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TEST
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 5-6-18 30-2-19
TEST 8: SINGLE TIE LATERAL PUSH 30-2-20
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 6-1-5
TEST BAY 6-9-8
TELEVISION, CLOSED CIRCUIT 6-8-20
TEST CONFIGURATION 5-9-3
TEMPERATURE
TEST CRITERIA
of Dampproofing 8-29-29
For Elastomeric Bridge Bearings 15-11-15
Effects 15-8-29
TEST OF MATERIALS, CONCRETE 8-1-7
Expansion for Laying Rails 5-5-18
TEST PITS 8-22-5
Measuring Systems 6-5-9
TEST SEQUENCE 5-9-4
Reinforcement 8-2-23
TEST SPECIMENS 4-3-17, 5-1-4
TEMPLATES FOR REAMING AND DRILLING 15-3-14
TEST WEIGHTS 8-2
TEMPORARY CONTROL MEASURES 1-6-23
TESTING 1-2-24, 15-6-108
TEMPORARY OPENINGS, WALL FORMS 8-1-24
and Documentation of ASTM A325 and A490 Bolts
TEMPORARY CASING MATERIAL 8-24-9
15-3-15
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES, RAILWAY BRIDGES AND
Drilled Shaft Foundations 8-24-12
TRESTLES 7-2-148
Capacity 8-24-12
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR CONSTRUCTION 8-28-1
Integrity 8-24-12
Commentary 8-28-20
Material 8-24-12
Computation of Lateral Forces 8-28-5
Frequency of 4-2-74
Design of Falsework Systems 8-28-14
of Monoblock Ties 30-4-26
Design of Shoring Systems 8-28-5
of Two-Block Ties 30-4-39
General 8-28-2
TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE 15-11-19
Information Required 8-28-4
TESTING AND CALIBRATION 4-3
Stability 8-28-5
TESTING AND TOLERANCES 8-2

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-72 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

TESTING, FIRE-RETARDANT COATING FOR CREOSOTED TIMBER PILES 8-4-9


WOOD 7-1-22 Specifications for 7-1-6
TESTS 33-7-14, 33-7-20, 33-7-27 Classification of Piles 7-1-7
Dynamometer or Test Cars, Field Testing 16-2-19 General Provisions 7-1-6
T-GIRDER CONSTRUCTION 8-2-36 General Requirements for All Piles 7-1-10
THEFT AND VANDALISM, YARDS AND TERMINALS 14-1-3 Inquiries and Purchase Orders 7-1-12
THERMAL COEFFICIENT 8-2-34 Special Requirements
THERMAL EFFECTS 8-26-13 First-Class Piles 7-1-11
THERMITE WELDING, SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE QUALITY Second-Class Piles 7-1-12
ASSURANCE OF 4-2-72 TIMBER RAILWAY BRIDGES, TYPICAL PLANS 7-4-23
THICKNESS TIMBER STRUCTURES 7-i
of Material 15-1-42 Construction and Maintenance 7-4-1
of Web Plates 15-1-52 Framing of Timber 7-4-4
THIRD PARTY OCCUPANCY 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 17-3-4 General 7-4-3
THIRD-RAIL ARRANGEMENTS 33-2-3 Upgrading and Rehabilitating Timber Structures
Design, Construction and Maintenance Issues 33-2-4 7-4-3
Handling of Material 7-4-3
General 33-2-3 Methods of Fireproofing Wood Bridges and Trestles
THREADS AND THREAD FIT 4-3-25 7-4-18
TIE BRANDING 7-1-19 Coatings 7-4-19
TIE DIMENSIONS, CONFIGURATION AND WEIGHT 30-4-16 Fire Alarm Systems 7-4-19
TIE IDENTIFICATION AND RECORDS 30-5-12 Fire Barriers 7-4-19
TIE PAD 30-2-10 Foreword 7-4-18
Test 4A: Tie Pad Test 30-2-10 Housekeeping 7-4-19
Test 4B: Tie Pad Attenuation Test 30-2-10 Impregnation 7-4-19
TIE PERFORMANCE TEST DESCRIPTIONS 30-2-3 Metal Protection 7-4-18
Storage of Material 7-4-3
TIE PLATES 5-1-1 Substructure 7-4-5
Design of Tie Plate for Use with Area Rail Sections 5-1-7 Driving Timber Piles 7-4-7
Specifications for Steel Tie Plates 5-1-2 Pile Posting, or Replacing Defective Portions of
Bending Properties 5-1-3
Chemical Composition 5-1-3
Piles 7-4-5
Superstructure 7-4-14
1
Composition 5-1-3 Support, Repair, Preserve, or Replace Damaged
Finish and Permissible Variation in Dimensions 5-1-4 Portions of the Structure 7-4-14
Inspection 5-1-5 Control Moisture 7-4-18
Field Application of Preservative Chemicals 7-4-18
Manufacture 5-1-2 Typical Plans for Timber Railway Bridges 7-4-23
Marking 5-1-5 General Notes 7-4-24
Number of Tests 5-1-4 Plans 7-4-23
Rejection 5-1-5
Retests 5-1-4
Use of Guard Rails and Guard Timbers 7-4-23
Combined Use of Guard Timbers and Guard Rails
3
Scope 5-1-2 7-4-23
Test Specimens 5-1-4 Field Side Guard or Spacer Timbers 7-4-23
TIE PLATES, SPIKES, ANCHORS 5-8-10 Metal Gage Side Guard Rails 7-4-23
Workmanship for Construction of Pile and Framed
TIE PLUG COMPOUND, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-17 Trestles 7-4-4
TIE PLUGS 7-1-19 TIMBER SWITCH TIES 30-3-14
TIE SPACING 30-1-4 TIMBER TRESTLE RAILWAY BRIDGES, INSTRUCTIONS FOR
TIE TESTS AND THE ECONOMICS OF SERVICE LIFE
30-3-17
INSPECTION 7-3-13
TIMBER TRESTLES, SPECIFICATIONS OF FASTENERS
4
TIES 5-8-10, 30-i, 7-1-15 7-1-13
Account 8 16-12-7 Material 7-1-13
Concrete 30-4-1 Types of Fasteners 7-1-13
Concrete, and Resistance to Movement 16-2-9 Use of Protective Coatings for Steel Fasteners on Timber
General Considerations 30-1-1 Bridges 7-1-15
Solid Sawn Timber Ties 30-3-1 TIMBER, GLUED LAMINATED, DESIGN VALUES FOR
Track Structure as Crossing Foundation 5-8-10 GLULAM 7-2-11
TIES FOR GRADE CROSSING PANELS 30-4-53 TIME
TIES FOR TURNOUTS 30-4-45 of Opening 15-6-6
TILTING, SETTLEMENT AND 8-5-7 TOFC/COFC TERMINALS, ACCOUNT 25 16-12-12
TIMBER BRIDGE TIES 15-1-41 TOILET FACILITIES 6-9-10
TIMBER BRIDGE TIES. SEE SPECIFICATIONS FOR TOLERANCES 4-3-24
TIMBER CROSS TIES 30-3-5 For Elastomeric Bridge Bearings 15-11-13
TIMBER FRAMING 7-4-4 TOLERANCES IN THE CATENARY SYSTEM AND POSITION
TIMBER PILE TRESTLES, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CAP OF TRACK 33-2-13
AND/OR SILL FOR 8-17-56 TOOL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 5-6-57
TOOL ROOM 6-9-10
TOOLS REQUIRED 5-3-7

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-73


Index

TOPOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS DETERMINING ANGLE, TRACK (CONT)


GRADIENT, AND LENGTH OF STRUCTURE 1-4-7 Recommended Practices for Switch Point and Stock
TOTAL SCOUR 1-3-24 Rail Changeout 5-5-28
TOTAL SCOUR CALCULATION PROBLEM 1-3-53 General Information 5-5-31
TOWERS 6-10-6 Scope 5-5-28
Construction 6-10-3 Underlying Conditions Which May Cause
Furnishings 6-10-6 Premature Wear Degradation or Improper Fit
Roof Overhang 6-10-5 of Switch Points and Stock Rails 5-5-29
Size 6-10-5 Specifications for Laying Rail 5-5-3
TOXIC/HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS 13-4-12 Completion of Work 5-5-5
Harzardous Air Pollutants 13-4-12 Laying 5-5-4
TPC 16-2-14 Preparation of Track 5-5-3
TRACK 5-i Scope 5-5-3
Arrangement, Freight Yards and Freight Terminals Unloading 5-5-3
14-2-4 Tamping 5-5-23
Construction 5-4-1 Methods 5-5-23
Proper Usage of the Various Type of Frogs 5-4-7 Tools 5-5-23
Rail-Bound Manganese Steel Frogs 5-4-7
Solid Manganese Steel Frogs 5-4-8 Temperature Expansion for Laying Rails 5-5-18
Spring-Rail Frogs 5-4-7 General 5-5-18
Specifications 5-4-1 Track Bolt Tension Practice 5-5-21
Appendix 1 - Where Track is Constructed with Practices 5-5-22
Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) 5-4-6 Purpose 5-5-21
Appendix II - Minimum Specifications for Wayside Lubrication of Rail on Curves 5-5-25
Industrial Track Construction 5-4-6 General 5-5-25
Scope 5-4-1 Welding of Manganese Steel Castings in Special
Construction and Maintenance 16-10-19 Trackwork 5-5-26
Design 14-7-10
Geometry Electrodes 5-5-26
Horizontal 2-1-4 Finishing 5-5-28
Longitudinal Vertical 2-1-6 Low Heat Input 5-5-26
in the Track Plane 2-1-8 Precautions 5-5-28
in the Transverse Vertical Plane 2-1-7 Preparation
Inspection, Evaluation, and Planning 17-7-3 of Defective Areas 5-5-27
Level Tangent 16-2-3 of Worn Areas 5-5-27
Maintenance 5-5-1 Scope 5-5-26
Gage 5-5-22 Stresses 5-5-27
General 5-5-22 Welding Methods 5-5-26
Laying and Maintenance of Continuous Welded Rail Material, Other 16-10-15
5-5-6 Measuring
Construction of a New Line of Railroad with System 2-i
Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) 5-5-12 Vehicles 2-2-1
Handling and Transporting Continuous Welded Description of a Generic Track Geometry
Rail 5-5-7 Measuring Vehicle 2-2-2
Index of Continuous Welded Rail Manual Material General 2-2-2
5-5-16 Means to Identify and Locate Track Geometry
Inspection of Continuous Welded Rail in Track Priority Defects Detected by a Track Geometry
5-5-13 Measuring Vehicle 2-2-18
Laying Procedure for Continuous Welded Rail Description of the Measured Geometry
(CWR) on Existing Track 5-5-8 Parameters 2-2-26
Maintenance of Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) in Description of the Priority Defect Report 2-2-27
Track 5-5-14 Description of a Strip Chart 2-2-19
Preparation of Track Prior to Unloading General 2-2-18
Continuous Welded Rail 5-5-6 Recommended Practice for Calculating Rail Profile
Present Practice 5-5-6 Quality Index (RPQI) 2-2-39
Transposing Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) Calculation Methodology 2-2-39
5-5-16 General 2-2-39
Preservation of Track Fixtures 5-5-24 Recommended Practice Conditions for Gage
Rail and Other Track Material, Except Joints Restraint Measurement 2-2-5
5-5-24 Background 2-2-5
Rail Joints 5-5-24 Considerations for Performing Lateral Restraint
Rail Anchor Patterns Number of Rail Anchors to Measurements 2-2-5
Resist Rail Creepage 5-5-18 Daily GRMS Quality Assurance Procedures
Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) 5-5-19 2-2-15
General 5-5-18 Recommended Maintenance Planning Use of
Jointed Track and Where Temperature Expansion Gage Restraint Measurement System Data
is Provided 5-5-19 2-2-16
Open-Deck Bridges 5-5-21 System Qualification and Calibration Procedure
Turnouts 5-5-21 2-2-9

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-74 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

TRACK (CONT) TRACK AND ROADWAY CONSIDERATIONS (CONT)


Terms 2-2-8 Track Structure 11-3-15, 17-3-4
Recommended Practice for Measuring Rail Wear Turnout & Special Trackwork 11-3-22, 17-3-6
Parameters 2-2-38 Vertical Geometry 11-3-20, 17-3-6
Accuracy & Calibration 2-2-39 TRACK AND ROADWAY REHABILITATION 18-2-16
Distance Between Rail Wear Measurements TRACK BOLTS
2-2-39 Tension Practice 5-5-21
Frequency of Measurement 2-2-39 TRACK COMPONENTS AND DESIGN 18-2-10
Introduction 2-2-38 TRACK INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 18-2-10
Measurement Methodology 2-2-39 TRACK MODULUS AND RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT
Organization 16-8-6 16-2-9
Quality TRACK QUALITY INDEX 2-1-4
and Resistance to Movement 16-2-9 TRACK SPIKES 5-2-1
Sand Facility 6-6-10 Design of Track Cut Spike 5-2-5
Substructure Specifications for Soft-Steel Track Spikes 5-2-2
Design 1-2-5 Bending Properties 5-2-3
TRACK BALLAST, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-16 Chemical Composition 5-2-2
TRACK AND CROSSING SURFACE REHABILITATION AND Finish 5-2-4
MAINTENANCE 5-8-8 Impact Properties 5-2-3
TRACK MAINTENANCE LIMITS 11-7-2, 17-7-3 Inspection 5-2-4
Component Wear Limits 17-7-4 Ladle Analysis 5-2-2
Gage Limits 17-7-4 Marking 5-2-4
General 17-7-3 Number of Tests 5-2-3
Horizontal Deviation and Variations 17-7-4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions 5-2-3
Regulatory Requirements 17-7-4 Process 5-2-2
Ride Quality 17-7-4 Rejection 5-2-4
Vertical Deviations and Variations 17-7-4 Retests 5-2-3
TRACK MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 11-7-2, 17-7-4 Scope 5-2-2
General 17-7-4
Normal Inspection Protocol 17-7-4
Tensile Properties 5-2-3
TRACK STRUCTURE 11-3-15, 12-3-13, 17-3-6
1
Severe Weather Inspection Protocol 17-7-4 TRACK STRUCTURE AS CROSSING FOUNDATION 5-8-8
TRACK QUALITY INDEX (TQI) 2-3-15 TRACK TECHNOLOGY 12-2-15, 17-2-5
TRACK RENEWAL (CAPITAL PLANNING) 2-3-10 TRACK TOOLS, SPECIFICATIONS AND PLANS 5-6-1
TRACK AND ROADBED 9-1-32, 9-2-2 Contour Blending of Corners 5-6-56
TRACK AND ROADWAY 12-3-11 General 5-6-18
Gage 12-3-13 Inspection and Shipment 5-6-22
General 12-3-11
Grounding/Stray Current 12-3-24
Inspection and Use 5-6-22
Technical Requirements 5-6-18
3
Horizontal Geometry 12-3-19 Method for Establishing the Corner Contour of Hand
Maintenance Philosophy 12-3-13 Tool Striking Faces 5-6-54
Regulatory Requirements 12-3-13
Safety/Security 12-3-13 3/4" Stock and Over 5-6-55
Signal Considerations 12-3-23 Plans for Track Tools 5-6-23
Special Trackwork Components 12-3-27 General 5-6-23
Track Structure 12-3-13 Recommended Practices for Using, Redressing,
Turnouts and Special Trackwork 12-3-25
Vertical Geometry 12-3-22
Sharpening and Replacing Handles in Track Tools
5-6-57 4
TRACK AND ROADWAY CONSIDERATIONS 11-3-1, 11-3-6, Introduction 5-6-57
12-3-1, 17-3-1, 17-3-4 Redressing of Tools 5-6-58
Clearances 11-3-5, 12-3-7, 17-3-3 Replacing Handles 5-6-60
Design Considerations for Future Expansion 12-3-34 Sharpening of Tools 5-6-59
Gage 11-3-15, 17-3-4 Tool Design and Manufacture 5-6-57
General 11-3-6 Specification for Track Tools 5-6-4
General Information 11-3-2, 12-3-2, 17-3-3, 17-3-4 Specifications for Ash and Hickory Handles for Track
Grounding 11-3-22, 17-3-6 Tools 5-6-13, 5-6-17
Horizontal Alignment 17-3-6 Delivery 5-6-15
Horizontal Geometry 11-3-15 Design 5-6-14
Maintenance Philosophy 11-3-13, 17-3-4 Grade Classification 5-6-15
Regulatory Requirements 11-3-11, 17-3-4 Inspection 5-6-14
Right of Way Design Criteria and Considerations 11-3-5, Manufacture 5-6-14
12-3-9, 17-3-4 Material 5-6-13
Safety/Security 11-3-15, 17-3-4 Physical Requirements 5-6-14
Signal Considerations 11-3-22, 17-3-6 Types of Blemishes and Defects 5-6-15
Systems Design Criteria 11-3-2, 12-3-3, 17-3-3 Use Classification 5-6-17
TRACK TRANSITION PROBLEM 30-1-12
Track and Roadway 12-3-11
TRACK TRANSITION REMEDIES AND PRACTICES 30-1-13

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-75


Index

TRACKAGE, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SPOT CAR REPAIR TRACTION POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR
SHOPS 6-3-4 RAILROAD AC ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS (CONT)
TRACKS, INDUSTRIAL, CLEARANCE DIAGRAMS 28-1-7 Voltage Flicker Study 33-6-19
TRACTION POWER 17-7-3 Utility Metering 33-6-28
TRACTION POWER DEMAND 33-6-3 Billing Concepts 33-6-28
TRACTION POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 33-6-7 Location of Metering Equipment 33-6-28
TRACTION POWER EQUIPMENT 33-12-23 Rate Structure Negotiation 33-6-29
TRACTION POWER RETURN SYSTEM 33-6-14 Typical Rate Structure 33-6-28
TRACTION POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR TRACTION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM 33-6-6
RAILROAD AC ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS 33-6-1 TRACTION POWER TRANSFORMERS 33-6-24
AC Electrification System Configuration 33-6-5 TRACTIVE EFFORT 16-3-3
General 33-6-5 TRAFFIC 33-1-3
Normal and Contigency Operation 33-6-14 Handling 16-10-27
Traction Power Distribution System 33-6-7 TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDIES 5-8-11
Traction Power Return System 33-6-14
Traction Power Supply System 33-6-6 TRAFFIC PROJECTION 33-1-3
Construction 33-6-29 TRAFFIC SOURCES AND CORRIDOR DEFINITION 12-2-12
Installation Verification Testing 33-6-29 TRAIN CONFIGURATIONS 6-13-3
Pre-Revenue Operation Testing 33-6-30 TRAIN CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 17-5-11
Quality Assurance/Quality Control 33-6-29 TRAIN CREW WAGES 33-1-7
System-Wide Integration Testing 33-6-30 TRAIN INFORMATION SYSTEMS 6-8-19
Electrification System Load 33-6-3 TRAIN OPERATION SIMULATION AND LOAD-FLOW STUDY
General 33-6-3 33-6-18
Traction Power Demand 33-6-3 TRAIN SCHEDULES 33-1-4
Electrification System Selection 33-6-15
Achieving Cost Effective Electrification System Design TRAIN SIZE AND SPEED 33-1-3
33-6-17 TRAIN SYSTEMS
Electrification Voltage 33-6-16 Information 6-8-19
Electromagnetic Interference 33-6-16 TRAINING 16-8-9
Substation Spacing 33-6-16 TRAINS
System Configuration 33-6-15 High-Speed Passenger 16-2-10
Utility Power Availability 33-6-16 Performance 16-2-1
Voltage Rise Along the Return System 33-6-17 Fuel Consumption 16-2-16
General 33-6-3
Purpose 33-6-3 Diesel Locomotives 16-2-19
Scope 33-6-3 Electric Locomotives 16-2-16
System Design 33-6-20 Resistance to Movement 16-2-3
Environmental Considerations 33-6-22 Articulated Cars 16-2-9
Equipment Design 33-6-23 Concrete Ties 16-2-9
Functional Requirements 33-6-20 Curve Resistance and Radial Trucks 16-2-7
High (Primary) Voltage Circuit Breakers and Davis Formula 16-2-4
Disconnect Switches 33-6-23 Empty Cars 16-2-10
Medium (Secondary) Voltage Switchgear 33-6-25
Service Conditions 33-6-22 Four-Wheel Cars 16-2-10
Signal Power Generating System 33-6-27 Grade Resistance 16-2-8
Special Equipment 33-6-27 High-Speed Passenger Trains 16-2-10
Standards, Codes, and Regulations 33-6-21 Level Tangent Track 16-2-3
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System Other Factors 16-2-10
(SCADA) 33-6-27 Rail Lubrication 16-2-8
System Protection 33-6-26 Recent Developments 16-2-5
Traction Power Transformers 33-6-24 Starting Resistance 16-2-7
System Studies 33-6-18
Arc-Flash Hazard Study 33-6-20 Track Modulus 16-2-9
Atmospheric Corrosion Control Study 33-6-20 Track Quality 16-2-9
Distribution System Conductor Temperature Study Tunnels 16-2-8
33-6-18 Wind Resistance 16-2-8
General 33-6-18 Train Performance Calculations 16-2-10
Geotechnical Study 33-6-20 Dynamometer or Test Cars, Field Testing 16-2-19
Harmonic Distortion and System Resonsance Study Speed-Time-Distance Relations 16-2-10
33-6-19 Using a Computer 16-2-14
Insulation Coordination Study 33-6-20 Velocity Profiles 16-2-12
Phase Unbalance Study 33-6-19 TRANSFER FROM STORAGE TO SERVICING TANKS
Power and Electronic Circuit Compatibility Study Sand Facility 6-6-8
33-6-18 TRANSFER OF LOAD FROM THE DRILLED SHAFT TO THE
Protective Device Coordination Study 33-6-20 ROCK OR SOIL BEARING STRATA 8-24-5
Short Circuit Study 33-6-20 TRANSIT SYSTEM LOADS 12-4-36
Train Operation Simulation and Load-Flow Study TRANSITION AREAS
33-6-18 For concrete Slab Track 8-27-17

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-76 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

TRANSITION OF THICKNESS OR WIDTHS IN WELDED BUTT TYPES (CONT)


JOINTS 15-1-59 of Main Line Fueling Facilities 6-16-3
TRANSLOADING FACILITIES (OTHER THAN BULK) of Motive Power 16-3-2
14-4-76 of Pipe Suitable for Jacking 1-4-76
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND DATA 12-2-11, 17-2-3 of Railway Passenger Stations 6-8-3
TRANSPORTATION, ROADWAY SIGNS 1-7-2 of Retaining Walls and Abutments 8-5-2
TRANSPOSING CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL (CWR) 5-5-16 of Waterproofing 8-29-13
TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 8-26-11 TYPES OF BRIDGES 15-1-12
TRAVEL SPEED 27-2-34 TYPES OF INTERFACES 12-2-23
TRAVEL SPEED AND PERFORMANCE 27-2-11 TYPES OF STRAND CONSTRUCTION 27-1-8
TREATMENT TYPES OF TRACTION MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITS 33-8-2
of Bottom of Excavation 8-3-15 TYPICAL FACILITY ARRANGEMENT, WASHING FACILITY
TREE AND SHRUB PLANTINGS 1-6-39 6-12-3
TYPICAL FACILITY ARRANGEMENTS 6-9-11
TREMIE TYPICAL IMPEDANCE BOND CONFIGURATIONS 33-5-6
Concrete 8-25-9 TYPICAL PLANS
TRENCH EXCAVATION 8-25-10 for Timber Railway Bridges 7-4-23
TRESTLES, PILE AND FRAMED, WORKMANSHIP FOR TYPICAL RATE STRUCTURE, UTILITY METERING 33-6-28
CONSTRUCTION 7-4-4 TYPICAL STATION INTERFACES 12-2-19
TRUCK CHASSIS LOADING/UNLOADING 14-4-37 TYPICAL TRACK DIAGRAM AND GRADIENT PROFILE
TRUCK REPAIRS AND OVERHAUL 6-4-16 LADDER TRACK YARD WITH CAR SPEED CONTROL
TRUCKS AND SUSPENSION 17-5-10 14-2-29
TRUSSES 15-7-10 TYPICAL USES OF DATA COLLECTED BY TRACK
MEASURING VEHICLES 2-3-1, 2-3-2
Composite 7-3-5 Claims 2-3-14
TUCKPOINTING 8-14-12 Engineering Analysis (Trends, Derailment Analysis,
TUNNELS 1-8-1, 11-4-15, 12-4-89, 17-4-4 Etc.) 2-3-13
Construction 1-8-3, 12-4-96 Programmed Track Maintenance 2-3-10
Excavation 1-8-4 Quality Assurance/Assessment of Maintenance Practices
Special Provisions 1-8-3 (Audit) 2-3-12
Construction and Maintenance 16-10-23 Recommended Practice for Development and Use of
Design 1-8-2, 12-4-89 Track Quality Indices (TQI) Generated from TGMV
Data 2-3-15 1
Interior Dimensions 1-8-2 Issues to be Considered When Selecting and Using
Preliminary Investigation 1-8-2 TQIs 2-3-16
Functional Analysis 12-4-89 Summary of Common TQI Descriptions and Typical
Increasing Clearances In Existing Tunnel 1-8-7 Usages 2-3-24
Increasing Clearances in Existing Tunnels Summary of TQI Advantages and Disadvantages
General 1-8-7 2-3-26
Introduction 12-4-89 Summary of Track Segmentation
Advantages/Disadvantages 2-3-23
Lining 1-8-6
Maintenance 12-4-97 Summary of Track Segmentation Description and 3
Typical Usage 2-3-21
Measurement and Payment 1-8-6 Track Quality Index (TQI) 2-3-15
Railway Typical Uses of Track Quality Indices (TQIs) 2-3-15
Double-Track Clearance Diagrams 28-1-6 Service and Line Changes 2-3-14
Lining 8-11-1 Spot Maintenance and Operational Safety Assurance
Single-Track Clearance Diagrams 28-1-5 2-3-2
and Resistance to Movement 16-2-8 Track Renewal (Capital Planning) 2-3-11
TYPICAL USES OF TRACK QUALITY INDICES (TQIS)
Scope 1-8-2
and Subways, Account 5 16-12-6 2-3-15 4
Ventilation 1-8-6
TUNNELS AND TRACK PROTECTING SHEDS 9-1-34, 9-2-23 U
TURNOUTS 5-5-21
and Rail Crossings 18-2-4
and Special Trackwork 11-3-22, 12-3-25, 17-3-6 ULTIMATE STRENGTH 15-6-74
and Track Panel Fabrication Facility 14-7-7 ULTRASONIC TESTING 4-2-14
TURNTABLES 15-8-3 ULTRASONIC TEST (UT) WRITTEN PROCEDURE
TYPE OF BACKFILL 8-5-4 REQUIREMENTS 4-4-68
TYPES UNDERLYING CONDITIONS WHICH MAY CAUSE
of Blemishes and Defects 5-6-15 PREMATURE WEAR, DEGRADATION OR IMPROPER FIT
OF SWITCH POINTS AND STOCK RAILS 5-5-29
of Bridges 15-6-14 UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS 8-21-3, 8-21-23
of Defect Detector Systems 16-5-2 UNIFORM RATING PARAMETERS 33-4-23
of Energy Audits 6-5-6 UNIFORMITY OF STOCK 4-3-30
of Fasteners for Timber Trestles 7-1-13 UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD TO TOP OF BOX 8-16-8
of Fires 15-8-29 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY 6-11-5, 33-12-25
of Flexible Bulkheads 8-20-2 UNIT COST 16-9-12
of Fueling Facilities 14-5-9 UNIT OF PROPERTY, DEFINITION OF 16-12-5
of Interfaces 17-2-5 UNIT STRESSES 7-3-4

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-77


Index

UNIVERSAL WASTE 13-5-9 VEHICLE CONSIDERATIONS 11-5-1, 17-5-1


UNIVERSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 13-5-10 Design Considerations 11-5-1, 17-5-3
UNLOADING 5-5-3 General Considerations 11-5-1, 17-5-2
Sanding Facility 6-6-8 General Information 11-5-1, 17-5-1
UNLOADING PITS 15-8-17 Rolling Stock 11-5-2, 17-5-9
UNSUPPORTED RUNNING RAIL 15-8-25 VEHICLE SCALES 5-1
UPLIFT VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY 17-2-5
Continuous and Cantilever Steel Structures 15-1-70 VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY TYPES 12-2-14
on Piles 8-4-3 VEHICLE/TRACK INTERACTION 11-3-4, 12-3-4, 17-3-3
Test 5-9-4 VELOCITY PROFILES 16-2-12
UPS AND BATTERY ROOM 6-11-6 VENTILATING 6-4-20
URBAN STATIONS 17-2-5 VENTILATION 6-3-8
USE OF CHAPTER 12 12-1-2 Tunnels 1-8-6
USE CLASSIFICATION 5-6-17 VERIFICATION
USE OF GUARD RAILS AND TIMBERS 7-4-23 of Reliability Ratio for Missed Defects 4-4-63
USE OF IMPEDANCE BONDS WITH ALTERNATING VERTICAL CLEARANCE 33-2-12
CURRENT RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION 33-5-5 VERTICAL CURVES 5-3-15
USE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR STEEL FASTENERS VERTICAL DEVIATIONS AND VARIATIONS 17-7-4
AND TIMBER BRIDGES 7-1-15 VERTICAL GEOMETRY 11-3-20, 12-3-22, 17-3-6
USE OF RAIL INFORMATION 4-5-2 VERTICAL LOADS 30-1-4
USED OIL 13-5-12 Ballast and Ballast Pressure 30-1-6
USED OIL FILTERS 6-4-17 Ballast and Subgrade 30-1-5
USED OIL AND OIL FILTER MANAGEMENT 13-5-13 Cross Tie Dimensions 30-1-5
USED RAGS AND SHOP TOWELS, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-14 Engineered Composite Ties 30-5-3
USER NEEDS 12-2-5, 17-2-3
USES AND TYPES, COMBINED FOOTINGS 8-3-15 Impact Factors 30-1-5
UTILITIES 6-1-11, 12-4-44 Load Distribution 30-1-5
UTILITIES, PASSENGER FACILITIES 14-6-13 Tie Spacing 30-1-4
UTILITIES, SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATION FACILITIES VOLTAGE FLICKER STUDY 33-6-19
9-1-34 VOLTAGE RISE ALONG THE RETURN SYSTEM 33-6-17
UTILITY CONSIDERATIONS 12-4-35, 17-4-4
UTILITY METERING 33-6-28
Billing Concepts 33-6-28 W
Location of Metering Equipment 33-6-28
Rate Structure Negotiation 33-6-29
Typical Rate Structure 33-6-28 WALKWAYS
UTILITY MONITORING AND REPORTING OPERATIONS and Handrails on Bridges 15-8-27
6-5-5 Yard Design for Remote Control Locomotives (RCL)
UTILITY POWER AVAILABILITY 33-6-16 14-2-35
WALL AND CEILING FINISHES 6-2-12
WALLS 6-3-9
V Cantilever 8-5-8
Construction 8-25-12
Counterfort and Buttress 8-5-8
VARIOUS TRACK GEOMETRY PARAMETERS AND RELATED and Floors of Buildings, Waterproofing 8-29-7
ELEMENTS, USED WHEN DESCRIBING TRACK and Roof 6-4-19
GEOMETRY, COMPILATION 2-1-4 WARNING LIGHTS 15-6-7
VEGETATION CONTROL 1-9-1, 11-3-6, 12-3-11, 17-3-4 WARRANTY 33-7-15, 33-7-21, 33-7-27
Evaluating Results of a Vegetation Control Program WASH BAY 6-9-8
1-9-14 WASHER BUILDING 6-12-5
WASHING FACILITY, LOCOMOTIVE 6-12-3
Economic Analysis 1-9-15 WASHING SYSTEM 6-12-3
Executing a Vegetation Control Program 1-9-11 WASTE MANAGEMENT 13-5-1
Precautions 1-9-13 Hazardous Waste 13-5-4
Progress Reports 1-9-11 Introduction 13-5-2
Techniques of Chemical Control 1-9-12 Other Miscellaneous Special Wastes 13-5-14
Preparing a Vegetation Control Program 1-9-2 Recyclable Materials 13-5-17
Chemical Control-Selection of Herbicides 1-9-7 Special Waste 13-5-12
Degree of Control 1-9-4 Solid Waste 13-5-3
Equipment Selection 1-9-10 Universal Waste 13-5-9
Quantitative Considerations 1-9-5 WASTEWATER PRETREATMENT AND DISCHARGES 13-3-9
Scheduling of Work 1-9-6 Effluent Discharge Limits 13-3-10
Vegetation Control Methods 1-9-2 General 13-3-9
Rationale and Scope of Work 1-9-2 Implementing Agency 13-3-10
Commentary 1-9-19 Operator Requirements 13-3-10
General 1-9-2 Pretreatment Requirements 13-3-10
Lead Agencies 1-9-16 Regulatory Citations 13-3-9

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-78 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

WATER 8-25-8 WATERPROOFING (CONT)


Concrete 8-1-17 Design 8-29-12
Containers 8-29-6 Types 8-29-13
Gain 8-1-41 General Principles 8-29-4
Stations, Account 18 16-12-10 Purpose 8-29-4
Supply Systems (Raw and Treated) 6-4-18 Scope 8-29-4
WATER BODY AND WETLANDS PERMITS 13-3-11 Inspection and Tests 8-29-20
General 13-3-11 Introduction to Damproofing 8-29-28
Implementing Agency 13-3-12 Damproofing Scope 8-29-28
Mitigation Requirements 13-3-13 Materials for Damproofing 8-29-28
Regulatory Citations 13-3-11 Asbestos-Free Asphalt Roof Coating 8-29-29
Section 404 Permits 13-3-12 Asbestos-Free Asphalt Roof Coatings 8-29-29
WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL RATIO 8-1-31 Asphalt 8-29-28
WATER AND WASTEWATER COMPLIANCE 13-3-1 Asphalt Primer 8-29-28
Introduction 13-3-2 Coal-Tar Pitch 8-29-28
Oil Pollution Prevention 13-3-7 Coal-Tar Saturated Organic Felt 8-29-28
Storm Water Discharges - Construction Activities 13-3-5 Creosote Primer 8-29-28
Storm Water Discharges - Industrial Activities 13-3-3 Emulsified Asphalt Coatings 8-29-28
Wastewater Pretreatment and Discharges 13-3-9 Emulsified Asphalt Protective Coatings 8-29-28
Water Body and Wetlands Permits 13-3-11 Inspection and Tests 8-29-29
WATERFRONT 14-4-3 Woven Cotton Fabrics 8-29-28
WATERFRONT FACILITIES Membrane Protection 8-29-17
Commodity Specific Considerations 14-4-6 Asphalt Plank 8-29-17
General Design 14-4-5 Asphaltic Panels 8-29-17
Site Selection 14-4-3 Portland Cement Concrete 8-29-17
Terminal Maintenance 14-4-12 Membranes 8-29-14
WATERPROOFING 8-29-1 Adhesive 8-29-15
Application of Damproofing 8-29-29 Asphalt for Mopping 8-29-14
Method of Application 8-29-29
Preparation of Surfaces 8-29-29
Butyl Gum Tape 8-29-15
Butyl Rubber or EPDM 8-29-14
1
Temperature 8-29-29 Cement 8-29-15
Anti-Bonding Paper 8-29-20 Coal-Tar Pitch for Mopping 8-29-14
Applicable ASTM Designations 8-29-8 Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Membrane 8-29-16
ASTM D41 8-29-8 Fabric 8-29-14
ASTM D43 8-29-8 Felt 8-29-14
ASTM D173 8-29-8 Rubberized Asphalt with Plastic Film or Preformed
ASTM D226 8-29-8
ASTM D227 8-29-9
Board Membrane 8-29-16
Primers 8-29-13
3
ASTM D312 8-29-9 General 8-29-13
ASTM D449 8-29-9 Primer 8-29-13
ASTM D450 8-29-10 Sealing Compounds for Joints and Edges of Membrane
ASTM D517 8-29-10 Protection 8-29-20
ASTM D692 8-29-10 Specific Application 8-29-5
ASTM D946 8-29-10 Abutments and Retaining Walls 8-29-5
ASTM D1187 8-29-10
ASTM D1190 8-29-11
Arches - Long Single-Span and Multiple-Span with
Spandrel Fill 8-29-6 4
ASTM D1227 8-29-11 Cast-in-Place Concrete Bridge Decks or Floors 8-29-6
ASTM D1327 8-29-11 Grain Elevator Pits and Similar Underground
ASTM D1668 8-29-11 Structures 8-29-7
ASTM D2178 8-29-11 Pedestrian Subways 8-29-6
ASTM D2823 8-29-11 Pipe Manholes and Pipe Tunnels 8-29-6
ASTM D3515 8-29-12 Platforms, Walkways and Roadways 8-29-7
ASTM D4215 8-29-12 Precast Slabs for Bridge Decks and Floors 8-29-6
ASTM D4479 8-29-12 Pump Pits for Subways and Basements 8-29-6
ASTM D4586 8-29-12 Scale Pits and Other Similar Structures Below Grade
ASTM D6134 8-29-12 8-29-7
General 8-29-87 Short Single - Span Arches and Box Culverts 8-29-6
Construction 8-29-20 Walls and Floors of Buildings 8-29-7
General 8-29-20 Water Containers 8-29-6
Membrane 8-29-21 Terms 8-29-8
Primer 8-29-21 Waterproofing 8-29-4
Protective Cover 8-29-26 WAYSIDE CONDITION DETECTORS 16-5-4, 16-5-10
Dampproofing 8-29-5 Site Considerations 16-5-7
General Practices 8-29-12 WAYSIDE LUBRICATION OF RAIL ON CURVES 5-5-25

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-79


Index

WAYSIDE/STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS 33-9-1 WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES, DESIGN 7-2-1


Background 33-9-1 Allowable Unit Stresses for Stress Graded Lumber
Current Practice 33-9-1 7-2-20
Design Factors to be Considered 33-9-2 Bearing 7-2-61
WEB SPLICES 15-1-54 Bearing at Angle to Grain 7-2-69
WEIGHT AND CENTER OF GRAVITY 15-6-7 Bearing on Bolts 7-2-72
WEIGHTS AND SHAPES 1-6-11 Combined Axial and Bending Loads 7-2-70
WELD INTEGRITY - PREVENTING MARTENSITE Compression Parallel to Grain or Centrally Loaded
FORMATION IN WELDED OR BRAZED APPLICATIONS
4-3-31 Columns 7-2-60
WELD INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTS 4-3-55 Connectors 7-2-79
WELD INTEGRITY TEST PROCEDURES 4-3-56 Horizontal Shear 7-2-71
WELD METAL 15-1-41 Round Sections 7-2-79
WELD PARAMETER AND PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 4-3-43 Shearing Stress 7-2-71
WELDED ATTACHMENTS 15-1-60 Working Unit Stresses 7-2-60
WELDED CLOSED BOX MEMBERS 15-1-45 Design for Engineered Wood Products 7-2-11
WELDED CONSTRUCTION 15-1-59, 15-3-18 Design Values for Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
WELDED SPLICES 8-2-31 7-2-55
WELDED WIRE FABRIC, DEVELOPMENT IN TENSION
8-2-28 Design Equations 7-2-17
WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONS Details of Design 7-2-38
15-3-19 Bolted Connections 7-2-38
WELDING 8-1-17, 15-1-11 General 7-2-38
Index 15-9-48 Net Section 7-2-38
of Manganese Steel Castings in Special Trackwork Notched Beams 7-2-38
5-5-26 Design of Public Works Projects 7-2-3
Methods 5-5-26 General 7-2-3
WELDING KITS AND FLARES 13-5-16 General Features of Design 7-2-4
WHARVES AND DOCKS, ACCOUNT 23 16-12-11 Bents 7-2-6
WHAT IS BEST PRACTICE RAIL GRINDING? 4-4-83 Clearances 7-2-4
WHAT IS HAZARDOUS WASTE? 13-5-4 Contemporary and Legacy Designs and Design Aids
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE? 13-5-3
WHAT IS UNIVERSAL WASTE? 13-5-9 7-2-7
WHAT IS USED OIL? 13-5-13 Materials 7-2-4
WHEEL RAIL INTERFACE , EMBEDDED TRACK 12-8-8 Piles and Post Footings 7-2-7
WHITE GOODS, SPECIAL WASTE 13-5-17 Stringers 7-2-5
WIDENING OF CUTS 1-1-60 Temporary Structures 7-2-7
WIDTH Ties 7-2-6
of Crossing 5-8-11 Loads, Forces and Stresses 7-2-7
WIND FORCE ON LOADED BRIDGE 15-1-20 Centrifugal Force 7-2-8
Dead Load 7-2-7
WIND FORCE ON UNLOADED BRIDGE 15-1-20 Live Load 7-2-7
WIND FORCES Loads and Forces 7-2-7
and Ice Load 15-6-18 Other Lateral Forces 7-2-9
WIND RESISTANCE 16-2-8 Recommended Practice for Design of Wood Culverts
WIDTH OF CROSSING 5-8-11 7-2-39
WINDOWS AND SKYLIGHTS 6-3-9 Design Data (Tangent Track) 7-2-40
WINGWALLS 1-4-69 General Notes 7-2-39
WIRE Wood Culverts 7-2-39
Physical Properties 15-6-72 Recommended Practice for Simple Stress Laminated
Deck Panels 7-2-40
WIRE ROPE CONNECTIONS 27-1-15 Fabrication 7-2-43
WIRE ROPE LAYS 27-1-11 Material 7-2-40
WIRE ROPES WOOD, ROADWAY SIGNS 1-7-4
and Sockets 15-6-71 WORK EQUIPMENT, ACCOUNT 57 16-12-20
WIRING DIAGRAMS, OPERATOR’S INSTRUCTIONS, WORK SEQUENCE CONSIDERATIONS, DESIGN CRITERIA
ELECTRICAL, HYDRAULIC AND MECHANICAL DATA FOR RAILWAY OFFICE BUILDINGS 6-2-4
BOOKLETS, AND LUBRICATION CHARTS 15-6-8 WORK TRAIN SERVICE 15-4-9
WIRING SPACES, DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CTC CENTERS WORK, PROGRAMMING 16-9-1
WORKABILITY, CONCRETE 8-1-35
6-11-5 WORKING UNIT STRESSES, STRESS GRADED LUMBER
WITH 5-3-15 7-2-20
WOOD BRIDGES AND TRESTLES WORKMANSHIP 1-4-16, 1-6-10, 4-2-20, 4-3-18, 5-7-4,
Methods of Fireproofing 7-4-18 15-6-101
Rules for Rating Existing 7-3-2 Bonded Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-33
WOOD CULVERTS, RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR for Construction of Pile and Framed Trestles 7-4-4
DESIGN 7-2-39 Non-Bonded Encapsulated Insulated Rail Joints 4-3-39
WOOD PRESERVING 30-3-32 WORM GEARING 15-6-43
WOOD PRODUCTS, ENGINEERED, DESIGNING FOR 7-2-11 WORMS AND WORM WHEELS 15-6-102
WOOD RAILWAY BRIDGES AND TRESTLES. SEE ALSO WOVEN COTTON FABRICS 8-29-28
DESIGN OF WRENCHES 15-6-8

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-80 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering


Index

Y
YARD
Classification 14-2-4
Components 14-2-4
Departure 14-2-5
Facility Functions 14-2-30
Local 14-2-6
Receiving 14-2-4
Repair 14-2-6
Tracks
and Facilities, Miscellaneous 14-2-6
YARD DESIGN FOR REMOTE CONTROL LOCOMOTIVES
(RCL) 14-2-33
Characteristics of Remote Control Locomotives 14-2-33
General Yard Design or Redesign 14-2-34
Isolation of RCL Operations 14-2-35
Lighting 14-2-35
Walkways 14-2-35
YARD AND TERMINAL FACILITIES, OTHER 14-7-1
Design of Roadway Material Reclamation and
Fabrication Facilities 14-7-4
Bridge Fabrication Shop 14-7-6
Frog Shop 14-7-5
Grading, Drainage, Site Preparation 14-7-9
Introduction 14-7-4
Roadway Material Reclamation Plant 14-7-4
Site Selection 14-7-8 1
Storage Facilities 14-7-10
Structures 14-7-10
Track Design 14-7-10
Turnout and Track Panel Fabrication Facility 14-7-7
Storage 14-7-3
Lumber and Timber Yards 14-7-3
Material Yards 14-7-3
Reserve Oil 14-7-3
Stores 14-7-2
3
Buildings and Structures 14-7-2
General 14-7-2
Types 14-7-2
YARDS
Lumber and Timber 14-7-3
Material 14-7-3
and Terminals 14-i
YARDS AND SHOPS 11-4-10, 12-4-11
4
Car Shops 11-4-13, 12-4-31
Engine Shops 11-4-13, 12-4-31
Environmental Requirements 11-4-12, 12-4-29
Functional Requirements 11-4-11, 12-4-26
General 11-4-10, 12-4-11
Layover Yards 12-4-34
Maintenance Philosophy 11-4-10, 12-4-18
Maintenance-of-Way Shops 11-4-13, 12-4-34
Material Yards 11-4-13, 12-4-35
Regulatory Requirements 12-4-26
Safety/Security 11-4-12, 12-4-31
Site Considerations 11-4-13, 12-4-35
Utility Considerations 11-4-13, 12-4-35

Z
ZONING DATA 12-2-9, 17-2-3

© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering I-81


Index

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© 2010, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

I-82 AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering

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