WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING SYSYEM

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By
SHIWANGI KUMARI (18033460026)

SUBHAM KUMAR SINHA (18033460027)

SHANU KUMAR (18033460025)

ROHIT KUMAR (18033460022)

RUBI KUMARI (18033460023)

Under the guidance of

Mr. NILESH KUMAR

(Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAMGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(ESTD. BY GOVT. OF JHARKHAND & RUN BY TECHNO INDIA UNDER PPP )

RAMGARH – 825101
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We Shiwangi Kumari, Subham Kumar Sinha, Shanu Kumar, Rohit Kumar, Rubi
Kumari. It is a great privilege for us to express our profound gratitude to our
respected teacher Mr. Nilesh Kumar, Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Ramgarh Engineering College, for his constant guidance, valuable
suggestions, supervision and inspiration throughout the course work without
which it would have been difficult to complete the work within scheduled time.

We would like to express our gratitude towards Other Faculty Member for
their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of
this project.

We are also indebted to the Head of the Department Dr. Sudipta Chakraborty,
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramgarh Engineering College for
permitting us to pursue the project.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the respected teachers of
this department for being a perennial source of inspiration and showing the
right path at the time of necessity.
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled “WIRELESS HEALTH

MONITORING SYSYEM” submitted to Ramgarh Engineering College, Ramgarh,
is a Bonafide record of work done by “SHIWANGI KUMARI (18033460026), SUBHAM
KUMAR SINHA (18033460027), SHANU KUMAR (18033460025), ROHIT KUMAR
(18033460022), RUBI KUMARI (18033460023)” under the supervision of Mr. NILESH
KUMAR.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
DR. SUDIPTA CHAKRABORTY, HOD Mr. NILESH KUMAR, GUIDE
Associate Professor (ECE) Assistant Professor (ECE)

SIGNATURE
EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Place:
Date:
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT..............................................................1
INTRODUCTION......................................................3
BLOCK DIAGRAM....................................................7
METHODOLOGY.....................................................8
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION....................................13
APPLICATION.......................................................27
KEY BENEFITS.......................................................27
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES.....................................31
FUTURE SCOPE.....................................................32
CONCLUSION........................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................34
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Systematic Demonstration of a Health is

monitoring system using IOT Platform.......................2
Figure 2. Classifications of Health Monitoring System 4
Figure 3 Wiring Diagram.............................................7
Figure 4. Proposed Hardware Mode...........................8
Figure 5. Data process Through Cloud......................10
Figure 6. ThingSpeak Framework..............................11
Figure 7. ESP8266.....................................................13
Figure 8. Temperature Humidity Sensor...................16
Figure 9. Heart Beat Sensor......................................18
Figure 10. 16*2 LCD Display......................................21
Figure 11. Breadboard..............................................25
Figure 12. Jumper Wires...........................................26
Figure 13. Working Health Monitoring System.........27
Figure 14. Benefits of IOT in Healthcare....................29
WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING SYSYEM
NOMENCLATURE
 GND – Ground
 LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
 IOT – Internet of Things
 HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 WIFI – Wireless Fidelity
 TCP – Transfer Control Protocol
 IP – Internet Protocol
 SOC – System on a Chip
 ESP – Electronic Stability Program
 API – Application Programming Interface
 MATLAB – Matrix Laboratory
 UI – User Interface
 GPIO – General Purpose Input/output
 APSD – Automatic Power Save Delivery
 VOIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol
 RF – Radio Frequency
 PCB – Printed Circuit Board
 IDE – Integrated Device Electronics
 VCC – Common Collector Voltage
 MCU – Multipoint Control
 SCL – System Control Layer
 CPU – Central Processing Unit
 UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
 SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface
 PWM – Pulse Width Modulation
 IT – Information Technology
 POT – Potentiometer
ABSTRACT

Nowadays Health-care Environment has developed science and knowledge

based on Wireless-Sensing node Technology oriented. Patients are facing a
problematic situation of unforeseen demise due to the specific reason of heart
problems and attack which is because of nonexistence of good medical
maintenance to patients at the needed time. This is for specially monitoring
the old age patients and informing doctors and loved ones. So, we are
proposing an innovative project to dodge such sudden death rates by using
Patient Health Monitoring that uses sensor technology and uses internet to
communicate to the loved ones in case of problems.

This system uses Temperature and heartbeat sensor for tracking patient’s
health. Both the sensors are connected to the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. To track
the patient health micro-controller is in turn interfaced to an LCD display and
Wi-Fi connection to send the data to the web-server (wireless sensing node). In
case of any abrupt changes in patient heart-rate and temperature alert is sent
about the patient using IoT. This system also shows temperature and
heartbeat tracked live data with timestamps over the Internetwork. Thus,
Patient health monitoring system based on IoT uses internet to effectively
monitor patient health and helps the user monitoring their loved one’s organ
status and saves lives.

Health is wealth. Wealth and happiness are earned by having a healthy mind
and body. However, people nowadays do not have much free time to keep
track of their health status. Thus, a health monitoring system that
automatically tracks and alarm the users about their health status is needed.
Rapid improvement of the internet and technology, such as the Internet of
Things allows the health monitoring system to be improved. The internet of
things allows communication between machines and programmed actions to
be triggered automatically, which makes the system to be more efficient.

The traditional health monitoring system requires regular visitation of patients

to doctors to check their health status. However, with the implementation of
the internet of things in the health monitoring system, the health monitoring
processes can be automated and helps the patient to save their precious time.
Besides, the cloud that revolutionized data changing aids in the efforts of
making a better and more reliable health monitoring system. The health data

1
and location of the user are visualized in the ThingSpeak visualization platform
in real-time. Several experiments and tests, such as accuracy test and error
analysis were conducted on the proposed system, and encouraging results
were obtained.

Figure 1. Systematic Demonstration of a Health is monitoring system using IOT Platform.

2
INTRODUCTION

As today, Technology is enhancing day by day. Information and communication

technology are transforming our social interactions, lifestyles, and workplaces.
With advances in mobile communication, new opportunities have opened up
for the development of healthcare systems that remotely monitor biomedical
signals from patients. The availability of a new generation of mobile phones
has had an important impact on the development of healthcare systems.

As a busy life style demands a rapid and a sophisticated technology, embedded

system helps a lot in this Field. Embedded technology can be found inside
everything from computerized fitness equipment to lifesaving medical
monitoring devices. These systems used in medical care increasingly help to
improve the quality of diagnostic tools available to physicians and treatment
available to patients. With the help of heart beat sensor, we can monitor the
rates of the heart every second. As well as we collect temperature variations
and body moments sudden changes or motions in the patient’s body. These
data’s can be transmitted through the Wi-Fi module, which is received by the
doctor at the far place. So these mobile communications to portable to be
used everywhere.

The project aims to develop a wearable health monitoring system that tracks
the user’s location, monitors the user’s heart rate and temperature, and
visualizes the data in real-time. The project focuses on the development of an
IoT based health monitoring system that involves both hardware and software.
The prototype system consists of sensors and a data processing broker. The
prototype allows authorized users to monitor the health data and the location
of the health system user through the internet. Besides, the authorized user
can easily trace back to the previous health data by accessing to the database
that stores the entire user’s health data. The IoT platform used in this project is
ThingSpeak. ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application
and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over
the Internet or via a Local Area Network. This IoT device could read the pulse

3
rate and measure the surrounding temperature. It continuously monitors the
pulse rate and surrounding temperature and updates them to an IoT platform.

2.1 DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

The main different types of Health Monitoring system are as under:

WEARABLE
HEALTH
MONITORING

MOBILE HEALTH
SMART
HEALTH MONITORING
MONITORING
SYSTEM REMOTE
TRADITIONAL HEALTH
MONITORING
Figure 2. Classifications of Health Monitoring System

 Traditional Health Monitoring System

This type of Health Monitoring system comprises of the Bulky and Big
Machines even for measuring the minute pulses in the body of the patients.
Also, this type of traditional methods needs a lot of patience and comprises
of complexity and a lot of time and paper are wasted for recording the
measured data. Traditional methods of physiologic monitoring typically
require a nurse or nursing assistant to go to a patient's bedside and obtain
the different physiologic parameters. With this standard of care, sustaining
the recommended high frequency of monitoring is a challenge even in
resource rich settings.

Disadvantages of Traditional Method:

 It is not an easy reach for the people usually the person need to go to
hospital or to consult a doctor for minute check-up.
 A time-consuming process.
4
  Requires a lot of patience and Financial Assistance.
 Out of reach for the people living in the remote areas.
 It takes a lot of time for the results/reports to come.

 Smart Health Monitoring System.

Smart healthcare is a health service system that uses technology such as

wearable devices, IoT, and mobile internet to dynamically access
information, connect people, materials and institutions related to
healthcare, and then actively manages and responds to medical
ecosystem needs in an intelligent manner.

 Advantages of Smart Method:

 Real-time health monitoring systems using IoT can help doctors

prioritize patients, and provide urgent care to those who are in the most
danger thereby saving lives. 
 More competent patient management can help utilize the resources of
the hospital more wisely and save money.
 It is easy to use the system for patients and medical professionals.
 The remote health monitoring system is especially useful to monitor
patients with chronic diseases. Most chronic diseases are incurable, so it
is necessary to monitor the state of the patient while at home, and
quickly respond if health indicators worsen.
 The Health Monitoring System is convenient and portable so it is very
convenient for doctors to manage patients from one app, and it is also
very easy for patients to monitor their own health by wearing a
lightweight device like a bracelet.

2.1.1 WEARABLE HEALTH MONITORING

Wearable devices in healthcare include electronic devices that people can

wear, such as smart watches and Fit bits. These are designed to collect the
personal health data of users. As they are in high demand, their market is
booming, making healthcare app developers determine how they can deliver
the best wearable fitness technology to people.

5
These days many wearable devices such as watches, ear buds, t-shirts,
bands, and many more are popping up here and there.  Wearable healthcare
technology has got so weaved into the society that smart watches and Fit
Bits are perceived as mainstream, so the future of wearable technology
shows no signs of decline.

These devices allow users to transfer health data to healthcare professionals

and doctors in real-time.  However, the primary threat of using these kinds
of consumer technologies is the lack of regulations and supervision and how
they collect and transfer the data.

2.1.2 MOBILE HEALTH MONITORING

Mobile Health Care is the integration of mobile computing and health

monitoring. It is the application of mobile computing technologies for
improving communication among patients, physicians, and other health care
workers. It used latest technology such as IOT. One more benefit of using IOT is
that, this data can be seen using a desktop computer, laptop, using an Android
smart phone or Tablet. The user just needs a working Internet connection to
view this data. There are various cloud service providers which can be used to
view this data over Internet. Things speak, Spark fun and IOT Geek are few
famous and easy to use service providers among these.

2.1.3 REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING

Remote patient monitoring, also referred to as remote physiologic monitoring,

is the use of digital technologies to monitor and capture medical and other
health data from patients and electronically transmit this information to
healthcare providers for assessment and, when necessary, recommendations
and instructions.

Common examples of remote health monitoring devices include continuous

glucose monitors that remind diabetes patients to take their insulin, while
allowing their physician to monitor the disease, digital blood pressure monitors
that enable patients to remotely send physicians their blood pressure and
blood oxygen.

6
BLOCK DIAGRAM
This is a simple block diagram that explains the IoT Based Patient Health
Monitoring System using ESP8266. The sensors carry the signals from the
patient body and the Microcontroller processes the code and displays it to
16*2 LCD Display. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module connects to Wi-Fi and sends the data
to IoT device server. The IoT server used here is ThingSpeak. Finally, the data
can be monitored from any part of the world by logging into the ThingSpeak
channel.

Figure 3 Wiring Diagram

7
METHODOLOGY

This is a High-Tech Health Monitoring Circuit Which is Wireless and monitors

the different parameters of Human System. It is a wireless healthcare solution
that uses Android mobile devices in a global network. The use of a global
network in healthcare applications promises to replace the use of traditional
healthcare systems based on wireless sensor networks, providing ease of
measurement, extension of network, accessibility, and reliability. Different
High-tech components monitors the reading carefully and give a Precise result
in the End.

Figure 4. Proposed Hardware Mode

  This system would keep monitoring the patient Temperature and Heart beat
and other parameters constantly and then displays this to the LCD display. In
hospitals, the temperature of a patient’s body needs to be monitored
constantly, which is generally made by the staff members of the hospital. They

8
notice the temperature of the patient’s body constantly and keep a record of
it. This Automatic and reliable system is cost effective and easy to use and also
give accurate and Precise Results.

Figure 5. Mechanism of Health Monitoring System

This automatic wireless health monitoring system in for patients works on the
principle of temperature sensing and pulse sensing. The sensors in the project
catch the signals and then the signals are decoded by an ESP8266 controller
and after that the result of the temperature and the pulse so monitored is
displayed on the LCD Display. Also there is a Wi-Fi module in it which is
connected to the cloud and hence the result is also shown in a digital platform
called ThingSpeak. With this technology the results so recorded can be easily
seen by the person far away. This helps the doctors to take a monitor of the
patient’s health even from the faraway place and helps in the medication
purpose.

ESP8266 is a standalone controller module integrated with Wi-Fi. The ESP8266

Wi-Fi module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP Protocol stack that
can give any microcontroller access to Wi-Fi network.

The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi

networking functions from another application processor.

9
 Figure 5. Data process Through Cloud.

3.1 USE OF THINGSPEAK IN DATA PROCESSING

ThingSpeak is an open-source software written in Ruby which allows users to

communicate with internet enabled devices. It facilitates data access, retrieval
and logging of data by providing an API to both the devices and social
network websites. ThingSpeak was originally launched by ioBridge in 2010 as a
service in support of IoT applications.

ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate,

visualize and analyse live data streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak provides
instant visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak. It is an IoT
analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate, visualize, and analyse
live data streams. Once you send data to ThingSpeak from your devices, you
can create instant visualizations of live data without having to write any code.
With MATLAB® analytics inside ThingSpeak, you can write and execute
MATLAB code to perform more advanced pre-processing, visualizations, and
analyses.

10
 Figure 6. ThingSpeak Framework.

IoT Cloud is an application that assists producers with building associated

objects in a speedy, simple and secure way. One can interface different
gadgets to one another and permit them to pass on information. One can
likewise screen them from anyplace utilizing a basic UI.

11
HARDWARE’S USED: -

1)WIFI MODULE (ESP8266)

2)TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY SENSOR (DHT11)

3)HEART BEAT SENSOR

4)I2C KIT

5)LCD DISPLAY

6)BREADBOARD

7)JUMPER WIRES

12
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 WIFI MODULE(ESP8266)

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP

protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WI-Fi
network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or
offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor. This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and
storage capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other
application specific devices through its GPIOs with minimal development
up-front and minimal loading during runtime. Its high degree of on-chip
integration allows for minimal external circuitry, including the0front-end
module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 supports
APSD for VoIP applications and Bluetooth co-existence interfaces, it
contains a self-calibrated RF allowing it to work under all operating
conditions, and requires no external RF parts. The applications of ESP8266
are Smart power plugs, home automation, Wi-Fi location-aware devices,
Industrial wireless control, and Security ID tags.

Figure 7. ESP8266

13
ESP8266 PIN CONFIGURATION

PIN FUNCTION
RST Reset the Module

ADC0 ADC Pin with 10-bit resolution

EN Chip Enable Pin (active HIGH)

GPIO16 GPIO16 pin (wake pin from

deep sleep mode)
GPIO14 GPIO14 pin (HSPI_CLK)

GPIO12 GPIO12 pin (HSPI_MISO)

GPIO13 GPIO13 pin (HSPI_MOSI)

VCC 3.3V Power Supply (max 3.6V)

SDCMD SDIO CMD (GPIO11)

SDD0 SDIO Data 0 (GPIO7)

SDD2 SDIO Data 2 (GPIO9)

SDD3 SDIO Data 3 (GPIO10)

SDD1 SDIO Data 1 (GPIO8)

SCCLK SDIO CLK (GPIO6)

GND Ground Pin

GPIO15 GPIO15 pin (HSPI_CS)

GPIO2 GPIO2 pin (TXD1)

FLASH Flash Pin (GPIO0)

GPIO4 GPIO4 pin (SDA – software I2C)

GPIO5 GPIO5 pin (SCL – software I2C)

RXD0 UART0 RXD pin (GPIO3)

TXD0 UART0 TXD (GPIO1)

14
ESP8266 FEATURES

 Low cost, compact and powerful Wi-Fi Module

 Power Supply: +3.3V only
 Current Consumption: 100mA
 I/O Voltage: 3.6V (max)
 I/O source current: 12mA (max)
 Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz
 512kB Flash Memory
 Can be used as Station or Access Point or both combined
 Supports Deep sleep (<10uA)
 Supports serial communication hence compatible with many
developments’ platform like Arduino
 Can be programmed using Arduino IDE or AT-commands or Lau
Script

15
4.2 TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY SENSOR (DHT11)

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra-low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor.

It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the
surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analogy input
pins needed). It’s fairly simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data.
You can get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using the library
from Adafruit; sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old.
DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as a
module. The difference between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor
and a power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor.  To measure the
surrounding air this sensor uses a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor.
It comes with a 4.7K or 10K resistor, which you will want to use as a pullup
from the data pin to VCC.

Figure 8. Temperature Humidity Sensor

16
SPECIFICATION: -

3 to 5V power and I/O

 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
 Good for 0-50 °C temperature readings +-2 °C accuracy
 No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
4 pins with 0.1" spacing
 Rosh compliant

17
4.3 HEART BEAT SENSOR

Pulse Sensor is a reflection type photoelectric analog sensor used to measure

pulse and heart rate. Having been worn around the finger or earlobe, the
sensor can transmit the collected analog signal to MCU. And then the analog
signal will be converted into digital signal. With simple calculation finished, the
MCU gets heart rate values and uploads them to computer for drawing the
pulse waveform. Pulse Sensor is open-source hardware, suitable for scientific
research and teaching presentation on heart rate subject and secondary
development.
The pulse sensor has three pins: VCC, GND & Analog Pin.

Figure 9. Heart Beat Sensor

There is also a LED in the centre of this sensor module which helps in detecting
the heartbeat. Below the LED, there is a noise elimination circuitry that is
supposed to keep away the noise from affecting the readings.

18
MAIN FEATURES

 Supply Voltage: 3.3V or 5V;

 Output Signal Type: Analog Signal;
 PCB Diameter: 16mm;
 Amplification: 330;
 LED Wavelength: 609nm;
 Output Signal Range: 0~3.3V (3.3V supply voltage) or 0~5V (5V supply
voltage);
 7.Current Range: < 4Ma

19
4.4 I2C KIT

It is also known as I2C Module. It has total of 20 male pins. 16 pins are faced to
rear side and 4 pins faced towards front side. The 16 pins for connect to 16x2
LCD and the 2 pins out of 4 pins are SDA and SCL. SDA is the serial data pin and
SCL is the clock pin. The rest 2 pins for power supply (Vcc and ground).There is
a POT on the I2C Module. We can control the contrast of the LCD display by
rotating this POT. And there is a jumper fixed on the module. When we remove
the jumper, the backlight of the LCD display will go OFF.
Address of I2C LCD:
Before starting we need to know about addressing of I2C devices. Every device 
which can attached to MCU have an address. We need to know this address
for communicate with that particular device. You can see three solder pads on
the I2C module. which is labelled as A0, A1 and A2. This is Address selectors.
i.e., each solder pads have one upper potion and a one lower potion. if, there is
a connection between upper potion with lower connection it is called
"Connected" otherwise it is called "Not connected". When A0, A1, A2 are 
in "Not Connected" condition ( A0 = 0, A1 = 0, A2 = 0) the address would be
0x27. In default the A0, A1, A2 are in "Not connected" condition. And some
time default address is 0x3F. There is no need to change the address of the I2C
module when we use only one LCD. But when we use more than one LCD,
need to change the address. Because two or more different device can't
communicate with the same address.
An I2C LCD has only 4 pins that interface it to the outside world.
 GND is a ground pin and should be connected to the ground of Arduino
 VCC supplies power to the module and the LCD. Connect it to the 5V
output of the Arduino or a separate power supply.
 SDA is a Serial Data pin. This line is used for both transmit and
receive. Connect to the SDA pin on the Arduino.
 SCL is a Serial Clock pin. This is a timing signal supplied by the Bus
Master device. Connect to the SCL pin on the Arduino.

20
4.5 LCD DISPLAY

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic
display module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits &
devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays
are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting diodes and seven
segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply
programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom
characters, special and even animations, etc.

LCD 16×2 Pin Diagram

The 16×2 LCD pin out is shown below.

Figure 10. 16*2 LCD Display

21
 Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin): This is a GND pin of display, used to
connect the GND terminal of the microcontroller unit or power
source.
 Pin2 (VCC/Source Pin): This is the voltage supply pin of the display,
used to connect the supply pin of the power source.
 Pin3 (V0/VEE/Control Pin): This pin regulates the difference of the
display, used to connect a changeable POT that can supply 0 to 5V.
 Pin4 (Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among command
or data register, used to connect a microcontroller unit pin and
obtains either 0 or 1(0 = data mode, and 1 = command mode).
 Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display among the
read or writes operation, and it is connected to a microcontroller unit
pin to get either 0 or 1 (0 = Write Operation, and 1 = Read Operation).
 Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to execute
Read/Write process, and it is connected to the microcontroller unit &
constantly held high.
 Pins 7-14 (Data Pins): These pins are used to send data to the display.
These pins are connected in two-wire modes like 4-wire mode and 8-
wire mode. In 4-wire mode, only four pins are connected to the
microcontroller unit like 0 to 3, whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins are
connected to microcontroller unit like 0 to 7.
 Pin15 (+ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to +5V
 Pin 16 (-ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to GND.

22
Features of LCD
 The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V
 It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
 The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
 Every character can be built with a 5×8-pixel box
 The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
 Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
 These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
 It displays a few custom generated characters

23
4.6 BREADBOARD

A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base

for prototyping of electronics. Originally the word referred to a literal bread
board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing bread. [1] In the 1970s
the solderless breadboard (a.k.a. plugboard, a terminal array board) became
available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to
these.
Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable.
This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting
with circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also popular
with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types did not
have this property. A stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed
circuit boards, which are used to build semi-permanent soldered prototypes or
one-offs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be
prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to
complete central processing units (CPUs).
Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern
breadboards have high parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance, and
less reliable connections, which are subject to jostle and physical degradation.
Signalling is limited to about 10 MHz, and not everything works properly even
well below that frequency.
A common use in the system on a chip (SoC) era is to obtain
an microcontroller (MCU) on a pre-assembled printed circuit board (PCB)
which exposes an array of input/output (IO) pins in a header suitable to plug
into a breadboard, and then to prototype a circuit which exploits one or more
of the MCU's peripherals or components, some of them are as general-purpose
input/output (GPIO), UART/USART serially connected transceivers, analog-to-
digital known as converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), pulse-
width modulation (PWM; used in motor control), Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI), or I²C.
Firmware is then developed for the MCU to test, debug, and interact with the
circuit prototype. High frequency operation is then largely confined to the
SoC's PCB. In the case of high-speed interconnects such as SPI and I²C, these
can be debugged at a lower speed and later rewired using a different circuit
assembly methodology to exploit full-speed operation.

24
Figure 11. Breadboard

25
4.7 JUMPER WIRES

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical

wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or
sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to
interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering. [1]
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the
slots provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a
piece of test equipment.

Figure 12. Jumper Wires

APPLICATION
26
 Figure 13. Working Health Monitoring System

There is a wide range of Application of Health Monitoring System. Through

the use of technology and portable devices, physicians can monitor the
health status of patients and adjust treatment regimens without in-person
clinic visits. Remote patient monitoring allows physicians to: Adjust
medication dosing or treatment regularly to improve outcomes.

 Digital Heart Rate Monitor

 Patient Monitoring System
 Bio-Feedback control of robotics and applications

• Monitoring sensors for

physiological behavior
 Health Monitoring
 Personal Fitness Monitoring
 Chronic Disease Monitoring
 Safety Monitoring
 Medication Monitoring
 Home Rehabilitation
 Real Time Location Tracking

27
KEY BENEFITS

It is stated that there are a number of scopes for IoT in order to make a
difference in the lives of patients. The devices can capture as well as monitor
related data regarding patient and allows the providers to obtain the insights
without bringing the patients visiting. IoT helps to grow an interest in leading
healthcare device manufacturers, dealers as well as suppliers to invest heavily
in the Internet of Things. In result, they get returns in terms of real time
promotions as well as efficient inventory management that help to grow sales
and reduced operational expenses. The Internet of Things is fragmented as
well as the expertise referred to exist across the various parts of the most
value chain such as communications connectivity provider, hardware OEMs,
data storage, analytics and applications. The aim of this paper is to analyse the
IoT opportunities for healthcare device manufactures and the limitations
within the ecosystem. Nurses and technicians are responsible for inputting
patient data into a centralized digital system.

Some of the common Applications of Health Monitoring System are as Under-

1. Reducing emergency room waiting time

2. Tracking patients, staff, and inventory.

3. Enhancing drug management

4. Enhancing patients’ participation while offering them satisfactory result

5. Ensuring the availability of critical hardware

6. Turning data into actions

7. Greatly promoting preventive care

8. Improving the patient’s health

28
 Figure 14. Benefits of IOT in Healthcare

 Improved Treatment

29
The data gathered from IoT devices help doctors and physicians to make
evidence-based informed decisions along with bringing absolute transparency.
 Faster Disease Diagnosis

Due to continuous patient monitoring and real-time data tracking, doctors can
diagnose/detect disease at an early stage or even before the disease actually
develops based on symptoms.

 Cost Reduction

By using IoT enabled devices, doctors can monitor patients in real-time. Thus,
the process of real-time monitoring at distinct places can help patients cut
down not-so-necessary visits to doctors, hospital stays and re-admissions.

 Error Reduction

The data that generates from the connected devices helps in taking effective
and accurate decision making and also ensures smooth operations with a
reduction in errors, waste, and costs.

30
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES

Every emerging technology has some challenges. IoT based Healthcare

monitoring also have some bottlenecks and challenges too. Some of them are as
follows:

 Security & Privacy Issues

Healthcare devices and applications captures private healthcare information and
these devices are connected to internet for anytime, anywhere access. So it may
attract hacker and malperson to steal private information. Private health
information must be used after patient authorization. According to the official
breach reports from 2009 to mid-April 2013 presents 51% of total the security
risks are theft of laptop or medical device for healthcare.

 Device Designing issue

IoT devices used in healthcare are tiny sensors those have low computing
power processors, low storage capacity and limited battery power. IoT devices
are mobile in nature too and internet connected. Wearable devices have to
connect.

 Scalability

In coming days improved medical device will came into market. Billions of IoT
devices will connect to the network that will produce large amount of health
data. The amount of data that have to be store and processed will also Increase
exponentially. This will cause a big data problem for healthcare. The system
which stores and analyses this information from the IoT devices needs to be
scalable. Data collected from connected IoT devices needs big data analytics to
making better treatment plan and cloud storage for storing for future. As
number of IoT devices is increasing, it is becoming difficult to generate
knowledge and insights from this data.

31
FUTURE SCOPE

The system is getting only two

parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly.
The system is getting only two
parameters as

32
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly.
The system is getting only two
parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
33
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly.
The system is getting only two
parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly.
In this project we have only used two sensors but a lot more can be added and
different parameters of the body can be measured. Also different types of
Wearable Gadgets can be made with the help of these type of technologies.

34
The wearable smart watches can create many more opportunities for everyone
at any given period of time. These devices are light weight and so compact
than the mobile phones and laptops and people tend to use these devices
much more in the years to come. The devices become the future of the
upcoming generations. The devices can perform every task that laptop and
mobile phone perform, easing the life of the people. They are alternatives of
mobile phones and laptops. The Fog Computation cannot perform large scale
task and processes, but is more reliable and dependable than Cloud
Computing. Smart watches have wearable technology, with digital power,
displaying heartbeat, blood pressure, and calories burned. IoT driven
healthcare technology with Fog Computing facilities appears to dominate the
healthcare industry many years to come.

The system is getting only two

parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be

35
made more compact and user
friendly
The system is getting only two
parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly
The system is getting only two
parameters as
input. In future more sensors can
be added to get
36
more parameters in order to
increase the
accuracy.Other diseases can also
be predicted by
using different data sets.This
system can be
made more compact and user
friendly

37
CONCLUSION

Beside patient monitoring we had to monitor remotely not only the patient’s
status, but also some mobile hardware and software specific parameters (such
as: STATUS of sensors), and we had also to redesigned the whole user interface
of the handheld device to support elderly persons with low IT skills. According
to the received result Android based application capable to provide seamless
remote monitoring of elderly persons not only at home, but with mobile Hub
also abroad. The Developed solutions provide important feedbacks about
health status to the patient and to the medical experts. After a monotonous
waiting room with long queues desperately waiting to visit the doctor as soon
as possible. And on the other hand, a gloomy face of the patients there with
their painful cries. Well, this was the situation of hospitals a few years back.
Now, things are changing with the speed of technology. Advanced healthcare
facilities, healthcare mobile applications, and an all-new concept IoT are
turning the whole face of the healthcare domain. IoT after getting the hold of
many domains like Enterprises, Retails, Government, industrial, IoT is finally
booming the healthcare domain also. Perhaps, no other sector has taken the
great benefits of the Internet of Things than healthcare. Be it for doctors,
researchers, patients or insurers, IoT in healthcare is actually a vibrant force.
Doctors can now monitor patients’ health and improvement continuously
while patients, on the other hand, can connect with their doctors easily.
Specialists and researchers got the chance to confer with one another across
the globe about difficult health cases. Though technology cannot stop the
population from aging or eradicating chronic diseases but it can at least make
healthcare easier in a pocket. Hence, it is not wrong to say that Healthcare is
one of the most exciting yet challenging verticals for IoT transformation while
posing great future scope of IoT in Healthcare. With it, IoT app development is
also gaining momentum in the healthcare domain.

38
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Brown, Eric “ Who Needs the Internet of Things?". Linux.com. 13

September 2016

 Ramakrishna Ayer, Radharaman Mishra, “Building Intelligent Internet of

Things Applications using Microsoft Stream insight”, IGATE Global
Solution, pp. 1-7, April

 T. J. McCue,” $117 billion market for Internet of things in healthcare by

2020”,
Available:http://www.forbes.com/sites/tjmccue/2015/04/22/117-
billionmarket-for-internet-of-things-in-healthcare-by-2020/
#58d793712471

39