Sunday, May 13, 2018

Advance Data Base Management System

BS (IT)_5-A Spring-2018

Assignment No #02 (Theory)

Student Name: NAJEEB ULLAH

Student Id: 02-235161-048
Registration No # 43868
Class Instructor: Sir. Tanveer Zahid

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, KARACHI
CAMPUS
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Inheritance:

In Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is the very basic and Important concept; Which means
the process when one class acquires the properties (methods and fields) of another. With the
use of inheritance, the information is made manageable in a hierarchical order.

The class which inherits the properties of other is known as subclass (derived class, child class)
and the class whose properties are inherited is known as superclass (base class, parent class).
Inheritance is also known as “Is-a” Relationship.
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Method Overloading:

When a Class (Type Object in Oracle) has multiple methods having same name but different in
parameters, it is known as Method Overloading. Methods overloading increases the readability
of the program. There are two ways to perform Method Overloading in OOP.

 By changing number of arguments

 By changing the data type
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Method Overriding:
Method Overriding is performed when a method defined in a Parent Class, and is re-defined by
one of its Chilled Class with same signature.
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Abstraction:
It is the process where we show only “relevant” data and “hide” unnecessary details of an
object from the user. It’s also called as Method Hiding.
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Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is the process to hide the implementation details from users. If a data member is
private, it means it can only be accessed within the same class. No outside class can access
private data member of other class.
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Member Methods:

A method is procedure or function that is part of the object type definition, and that can
operate on the attributes of the type. Such methods are also called member methods, and they
take the keyword MEMBER when you specify them as a component of the object type.

Constructor Methods:

Every object type has a constructor method, a function with the same name as the object type
that initializes and returns a new instance of that object type. Oracle generates a default
constructor for every object type, with formal parameters that match the order, names, and
datatypes of the object attributes. We can define your own constructor methods.
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Static Methods:

By declaring a member Procedure or Function as static, we make it independent of any

particular object of the class. A static member function can be called even if no objects of the
class exist and the static functions are accessed by using only the class name and the DOT
operator.

Comparative Methods:

Map Methods: Order Methods:

 It always be a Function not a
Procedure.
 It doesn’t have any Parameters.
 It returns any Scaler date type.
 It executes at the most one time.
 t executes by itself whenever objects
are compared.
 There can only be at the most on
order or Map function in a type.
 It always be a Function not a
Procedure.
 It has two number of Parameters.
One is Hidden where as another is
defined.
 It returns only Numeric data type.
 It executes at multiple times when
ever objects are compared.
 t executes by itself whenever objects
are compared.
 There can only be at the most on
order or Map function in a type.
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Map Methods Ex: ORDER Methods Ex: