Engineering

Mechanics 1
(Principles of Mechanics: Concurrent and Non-
Concurrent Force System)
Principles of Mechanics
Newton’s First Law
• It states that every body continues in it s state of rest or of uniform motion in
a straight line unless it is compelled by an extreme agency acting on it.

Newton’s Second Law

• It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly
proportional to the impressed force and it takes place in the direction of the
force acting on it.
Principles of Mechanics
Newton’s Third Law
• It states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Principle of transmissibility
• According to this Law the state of rest or motion of the rigid body is
unaltered if a force acting on the body is replaced by another force of the
same magnitude and direction but acting anywhere on the body along the
line of action of the replaced force.
Principles of Mechanics
Parallelogram Law
• The combined effect of two force may be represented by a single resultant force that is
equivalent to the diagonal of a parallelogram which contains the two forces in adjacent
legs.

Triangle Law
• If two forces acting on a body are represented one after another by the sides of a
triangle, their resultant is represented but the closing side of the triangle taken from
first point to the last point.
 Support
Reactions
Components of a Force in Plane
ℎ
• 𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 = 𝐹
𝑟
𝑣
• 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 sin 𝜃 = 𝐹
𝑟
2
• 𝑅= 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦
Force System
• two or more forces act on a body

Magnitude Direction

Position
 1. Rigid Body (Mechanics)

Types of -no deformation

-external effects

Body a. Statics (at rest)

b. Dynamics (In motion)
Types of 2. Non-rigid (Strength)
-deformation

Body -stress
-internal effects
Types of Force Systems
1. Concurrent Force Systems
-forces whose lines of action pass
through a common point
Types of Force Systems
2. Parallel Force System
-Forces whose lines of action are
parallel to each other
Types of Force Systems
3. Non-Concurrent Force System
-whose lines of action neither are
parallel nor intersect on a common point
Axioms of 1. Actions and reaction forces are
equal but oppositely directed
Mechanics
 2. Parallelogram law

Axioms of a. By Sine law

Mechanics b. Cosine Law
c. Trono functios
Axioms of 3. Two forces are in equilibrium only
when equal in magnitude, opposite
Mechanics in direction and collinear in action
Axioms of 4. Set of forces in equilibrium may be
added to any system of forces
without changing the effect of the
Mechanics original system
Situation 1

Resolve the 500-N force into:

1. x- and y-components
2. x- and y’ components
3. x’- and y-components
4. x’- and y’-components
 1. Concurrent force System

Resultants • σ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑅𝑥
• σ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑅𝑦
of Force • 𝑅= 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
System • tan 𝜃 =
𝑅𝑥
𝑅𝑦
Situation 2

• The three forces acting on the bean can

be replaced with a single equivalent
force R. Determine the following:

1. The x-component of the resultant

forces
2. The magnitude of R
3. The corresponding value of 𝜃
 2. Non-Concurrent force System
• σ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑅𝑥
• σ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑅𝑦
Resultants • 𝑅= 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
of Force • σ 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑅𝑑
System • tan 𝜃 =
𝑅𝑥
𝑅𝑦
Situation 3

• From the givens et of forces shown,

which of the following gives”

1. The magnitude of the resultant force

of the systems?
2. Angle that the resultant force makes
with the horizontal measured
counter clockwise?
3. Distance of the line of action of the
resultant force form the origin?