BICOL COLLEGE

R.F Tabuena cor Rizal Sts., Sagpon Daraga Albay 4501

GRADUATE SCHOOL

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL

LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

JENICA N. DELA CRUZ DR. MILAGROS ESPARAGO
M.Ed., Major in Curriculum and Instruction EDUCATION AND LAW PROFESSOR
 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL LAWS IN THE PHILLIPINES
BASES FRAMERS PREAMBLE NO. OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFIRENCES PROVISIONS ON EDUCATION
ARTICLES/
PROVISIO
N
1. Maragtas Pedro NONE NONE The Code of Maragtas semi-historical The Maragtas Code was a supposed collection of writings concerning the pre-Hispanic history of
Code Alcantara document dated between 1200 to 1250 the Philippine Islands. They were used as the basis of a book entitled “Maragtas” by Philippine
Monteclaro and was previously known as the oldest author Pedro Monteclaro, originally published in 1907.It is an alleged account of 10 datus or
written laws in the Philippines. The Code of chiefs who fled the oppression of the Datu Makatunaw on the island of Borneo.
Maragtas or Sumakwel Code contained
laws written by Datu sumakwel, one of the
ten Bornean datus who left Borneo in
search for freedom and new territories.
2. Code of Bendehara NONE 18 articles The Code of Maragtas semi-historical Knowledge and skills are thought at home by the parents. Rituals and ceremonies are considered as
Kalantiaw Kalantiaw document dated between 1200 to 1250 educational program that time.
and was previously known as the oldest
written laws in the Philippines. The Code of
Maragtas or Sumakwel Code contained
laws written by Datu sumakwel, one of the
ten Bornean datus who left Borneo in
search for freedom and new territories.
3. Malolos Gen. Emilio WE, 101 articles SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCESS Article 23 of Title IV that "public education shall be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation."
Constitution Aguinaldo the Representa 1935- *both -Provided the legal
with his tives of the were used basis of commonwealth
adviser Filipino people, Spanish government which was
Apolinario lawfully language. considered a transition
Mabini convened, in *both government before the
order to emphasizes the granting of the
establish Bill of Rights of Philippine
justice, provide Filipino. independence with
for the common American –inspired
defense, constitution introduced
promote the a democratic style
general welfare, government.
and to secure
for ourselves -promulgate after
1937- *both
the blessings of Marcos declaration of
prescribe a
liberty, martial law was
framework of
imploring the supposed to introduce
the system of
aid of the A parliamentary style
government
Supreme government While
Legislator of the malolos constitution
Universe to introduced democratic
 help us attain style of government.
these
objectives, have -They are different
voted, decreed, 1987- * both from their ratifying and
and sanctioned deals with the promulgating body.
the following. separation of the They are different from
church and state their length of
both have the effectivity
same branches
and type of
government.

4. 1935 Manuel The Filipino 17 articles SIMILARITIES DIFFIRENCES Section 5. All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of and subject to regulation by
Constitution Roxas people, Malolos -1935 constitution the State. The Government shall establish and maintain a complete and adequate system of public
imploring the Constitution- introduced a education, and shall provide at least free public primary instruction, and citizenship training to adult
aid of Divine *both deals with Commonwealth style citizens. All schools shall aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and
Providence, in the right of every government while the vocational efficiency, and to teach the duties of citizenship. Optional religious instruction shall be
order to citizen. Both malolos constitution maintained in the public schools as now authorized by law. Universities established by the State shall
establish a prescribe a introduced democratic enjoy academic freedom. The State shall create scholarships in arts, science, and letters for specially
government framework of style government They gifted citizens.
that shall em- government. are different from their
body their length of effectivity
ideals, conserve
and develop the 1973- 8both -1973 constitution
patrimony of were written. introduced
the nation, Both prescribe a parliamentary style
promote the framework of government while 1935
general welfare, government. constitution introduced
and secure to a Commonwealth style
themselves and government.
their posterity
the blessings of -1987 constitution
independence 1987-*both
introduced a
under a régime established a
democratic style
of justice, certain fixed first
government while 1935
liberty, and principles on
constitution introduced
democracy, do which a
a Commonwealth style
ordain and government is
government. They are
promulgate this founded. Both
different from their
Constitution. were ratified by
plebiscite. Both preamble.
was proclaimed
in force on
February 11,
1987.
5. 1973 Ferdinand E. The Filipino 17 articles SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES SEC. 8. (1) All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by,
Constitution Marcos people, Malolos -1973 constitution the State. The State shall establish and maintain a complete, adequate, and integrated system of
imploring the Constitution- promulgated after education relevant to the goals of national development.
aid of Divine *both deals with Marcos declaration of (2) All institutions of higher learning shall enjoy academic freedom.
Providence, in the right of every martial law was (3) The study of the Constitution shall be part of the curricula in all schools.
order to citizen. Both supposed to introduce (4) All educational institutions shall aim to inculcate love of country, teach the duties of citizenship,
establish a prescribe a a parliamentary style and develop moral character, personal discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational
government framework of government while efficiency.
that shall em- government. Malolos constitution
body their introduced a (5) The State shall maintain a system of free public, elementary education and, in areas where
ideals, conserve democratic style finances permit, establish and maintain a system of free public education at least up to the secondary
and develop the government. They are level.
patrimony of different from the (6) The State shall provide citizenship and vocational training to adult citizens and out-of-school
the nation, people who have youth, and create and maintain scholarships for poor and deserving students.
promote the written the (7) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious orders, mission boards, and
general welfare, constitution. charitable organizations, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines, or corporations or
and secure to association sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The control and
themselves and 1973 constitution administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines. No educational
their posterity 1935- 8both introduced institution shall be established exclusively for aliens, and no group of aliens shall comprise more than
the blessings of were written. parliamentary style one-third of the enrolment in any school. The provisions of this sub-section shall not apply to schools
independence Both prescribe a government while 1935 established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided by
under a régime framework of constitution introduced law, for other foreign temporary residents.
of justice, government. a Commonwealth style (8) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, and without cost to them and the
liberty, and government. Government, religion shall be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools
democracy, do as may be provided by law.
ordain and -They are different
promulgate this 1987- both deals from their preamble.
Constitution. with the right of They are different from
every citizen. their ratifying and
Both were promulgating body.
written. 1973 introduced
parliamentary style
government while 1987
constitution introduced
a democratic style
government
6. 1987 President We, the 18 articles SIMILARITIES DIFFIRENCES Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all
Constitution Corazon sovereign MALOLOS- both They are different from levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
Aquino Filipino people, deals with the the ratifying and Section 2. The State shall:
imploring the separation of the promulgating body. (1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education
aid of Almighty church and They are different from relevant to the needs of the people and society;
God, in order to state. Both have their length of (2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels.
build a just and the same type of effectivity. 1987 Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is
humane government. constitution consist of compulsory for all children of school age;
society, and 18 articles with a (3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and
establish a preamble while other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools,
Government malolos constitution especially to the underprivileged;
that shall consists of 93 articles (4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning,
embody our divided into 14 tiles, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs;
ideals and with transitory and
aspirations, provisions in eight
promote the further articles and (5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational
common good, with one unnumbered efficiency, and other skills.
conserve and additional article. Section 3. (1) All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of the
develop our curricula.
patrimony, and 1987 constitution (2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,
secure to 1935-Both introduced a appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the
ourselves and established a democratic style rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and
our posterity, certain fixed first government while 1935 personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological
the blessings of principles on constitution introduced knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency.
independence which a Commonwealth style (3) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to be
and democracy government was government. They are taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular class hours
under the rule founded. Both different from their by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the
of law and a have the same preamble. children or wards belong, without additional cost to the Government.
regime of truth, type of Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the
justice, government. educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational
freedom, love, 1973 constitution institutions.
equality, and 1973- both deals provides parliamentary (2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission boards,
peace, do with the right of form of government shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least sixty per
ordain and every Filipino while 1987 constitution centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require
promulgate this citizen. Both offer presidential form increased Filipino equity participation in all educational institutions.
Constitution. were written. of government. The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the
Both were used Difference between Philippines.
tagalog 1973 and 1987 No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall
language. constitution is the term comprise more than one-third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall
of office elected not apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless
officials. They are otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents.
different from their (3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly,
ratifying and and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution
promulgating body. or cessation of the corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the
manner provided by law.
Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to
such exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by law, including restrictions on dividends and
provisions for reinvestment.

(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used
actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax.
Section 5. (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall
encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and
equitable admission and academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching
academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will
attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and
other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

LANGUAGE
Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further
developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take
steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as
language of instruction in the educational system.
Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines
are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary
media of instruction therein.
Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated into
major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.

Section 9. The Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of representatives
of various regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and promote researches for the
development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other languages.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State
shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to
science and technology education, training, and services. It shall support indigenous, appropriate,
and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, and their application to the country’s
productive systems and national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private
participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other
forms of incentives shall be provided to deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors,
technologists, and specially gifted citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology from all
sources for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private groups, local
governments, and community-based organizations in the generation and utilization of science and
technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and
other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the
people, for such period as may be provided by law.

ARTS AND CULTURE

Section 14. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino
national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual
expression.

Section 15. Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The State shall conserve, promote,
and popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations.
Section 16. All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation
and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.
Section 17. The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural
communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider
these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies.
Section 18. (1) The State shall ensure equal access to cultural opportunities through the educational
system, public or private cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other incentives, and community
cultural centers, and other public venues.
(2) The State shall encourage and support researches and studies on the arts and culture.

SPORTS
Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.

(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.