AC-DC LCD TV Power Architecture

and
LED Backlight
LCD TV Power Architecture and LED Backlight
• LCD-TV Market
– Power Reduction Trend
– Edge LED LCD TV Backlight

• 26” to 42” H-V LIPS Reference Design

• 46/47” Power Reference (PSU) for any Backlight solution

– Interleaved Frequency Clamp CrM PFC with NCP1631
– Quasi Resonance Valley lock out Flyback Converter with NCP1379
– ECO Standby SMPS Solution with NCP1053A

• 46/47” Backlight solution

– LIPS Inverter
– Edge LED Driver

• Conclusion
LCD-TV Shipments by Size

Source: Displaysearch 2Q 09
 Power Reduction Trend
• Regulatory reduce power
consumption in active and
standby mode

• New technologies focused

on improving efficiency

Source: Sharp

• Proposed ENERGYSTAR TV regulations

(V4.0) will lower average power targets

Power consumption reduction ~ - 50% over 2 years

Proposed ENERGY STAR rev4.0 Standards

Very few LCD-TV pass

proposed new standard,
most are Samsung LED

Target Effective Date: May 2010

 LCD-TV LED Backlighting

Source: DisplaySearch July 2009

LED TVs is forecast to grow to 20-32% (~64 M#) by 2012

Comparison of LED LCD TV Backlight Options
Edge-lit LED BLU Direct-type LED BLU
LED High voltage Boost, buck, linear with Vf Boost or Buck plus Multi-channel
driver adjustment linear

• High Power Efficiency • Deep blacks, better contrast

• Good system reliability independent • Local dimming
Merit LEDs performance. • Scanning for higher frame rate
• Cost down of system • Low power consumption
• Slim LCD TV • Complex signal processing

• System Noise & EMI • Thermal limitations

• Using lots of external components • High system cost due to number
Concerns
(Inductor, capacitor, diode) of LEDs and # of Drivers
• Picture artifacts

Edge LED > 90% ?

Power Architectures Remain Varied
Signal Power
Flyback
Resonant HB
30 – 80 W
PFC
ECO Standby
CRM
<5W
Interleave FCCrM
CCM
70 - 400+ W Backlight Power
Flyback / Resonant HB
24V / 150V+ for LED
HV-LIPS for CCFL / EEFL
50 – 300 W

Traditional 24 V Backlight and HV-LIPS approach

Thin TV design impacts solutions choices as well
 32” HV-LIPS Reference Design
• For 32” (highest volume size) with possible extension to 26/42”
– Available since March 2009
– For CCFL ( >> 95% of backlight) with possible extension to EEFL
– Single PCB with LCD and Inverter Power Supply

• Very Cost effective solution

– No extra Standby SMPS
– Straightforward CrM PFC

• Key ON Semiconductor ICs

– NCP1607 as CrM PFC controller
– NCP1351 or NCP1219 as Flyback with low power standby mode

• LX6503 Microsemi Backlight controller

– Full Bridge High Voltage Inverter without High Side Driver (discrete circuit)
– Jin balance solution
32” HV-LIPS LCD TV Block Diagram
 HV-LIPS LCD TV Complete Solution

12 CCFL
175 mm x 330 mm x 25 mm
All-in-one board with current balancer

Green Point Reference design documentation:

http://www.ONSemiconductor.com/pub_link/Collateral/TND3
60-D.PDF
 46/47” Power Reference (PSU)
• Higher power LCD-TVs from 40/42” to 52”/55”

• Project focusing on power stage only

– ECO standby “OFF mode”
– Interleaved frequency clamp CrM PFC
– Up to 70 W Flyback
– Up to 200 W for backlight

• Low profile design

– 1st phase: < 13 mm
– 2nd phase: < 8 mm
46” LCD TV Power Block Diagram
46” LCD TV Power Solution Unit (PSU)

Low Profile design < 13 mm / 17.5 mm total

 46” LCD TV PFC Solution
• Up to 300 W Interleaved Frequency Clamp CrM
PFC
– Better EMI and EMC
– Lower Irms for output C
– Better for SLIM design
– Standard parts (= 32”CrM)

• New controller NCP1631

• Easy SLIM narrow range version

Interleaved FCCrM PFC for > 200 W & SLIM design

PFC Summary
 BD1
46” LCD TV PFC Schematic

3
GBU806 D1 1N5406

Gnd_Lug 1 - + 4
CN401 L2
L1 50uH 200uH nc 9 RT1 NTC 2R5
5 8 L2Q1 D2 MUR550APF
6 * 7

2
1 PFC_OUT
C1 C2 11 * 2
C3 C4 0.47uF 0.47uF
450V 450V
R1 R4
Y 1nF Y 1nF 1M L3 1M
2 200uH 3 L3Q2 D3
1 * 4
10
R2 9 MUR550APF
1M 6 * 7 R5 PFC_OUT
C5 X2 100nF 275V Q2 STP9NK50ZFP 1M C8
+

2
CFS28 C7
R8 Q1 STP9NK50ZFP D6 MMSD4148 10nF 500V R10 68u 450V CN003
1 2 1M 1 1M C6 4324-07S

2
+ 1

3
D5 MMSD4148 1 2
1 R43 68u 450V 3
Backlight
R9 Q4 10K R13 4 Input

3
2
1M BC808-25LT1 1M 5
4 3 1 R42 6 Power and
R7 7
10K
L4 8.7mH Q3 47 8 Signal

3
R15 BC808-25LT1 R24
CFS28 1M 1K5
R6
1 2 47
R20
1M R30 J106 INSTALL
24K
D8 MMSD4148 1 2
4 3 C11 C10
R28 NA NA
L5 8.7mH 1M R39 NA

R3 R11 1K R12 1K
C12 X2 1uF 275V O_UVP
0.065 2 W 5% R16 22K FB_PFC
ZCD1_10

R17 150K R18 150K R19 150K IC1 NCP1631

R14 22K
ZCD1_1 1 16
ZCD2 ZCD1 VCC4
2 15
FB_PFC FB PFC-OK PFC-OK
3 14 R26 R25
R21 150K R22 150K R23 150K Rt DRV1 R27 2K2 15K
4 13 47k
OSC GND

2
5 12 Q6 Q5
Vcontrol Vcc

2
1
6 11 C15 1
RELAY1 Freq-Fall Back DRV2

3
BO_PFC 7 10 100n BC856ALT1
RELAY2

3
BO Latch OFF BC856ALT1 POWER_BOOST
8 9
C21 C13 OVP/UVP CS R38
C20 1K
C19 680n
220n
SW1 C17 C18 R37 R36
O_UVP 10n
4

1
2

1
220p C22 1K 10k
220n +
R35
R29 1nF R31 R34
R41 R33 0
120K 20K 10K NA
270K 39K C16
3

RELAY SPST

10u 50V PC001A

2
D11 1N4007 SFH817A

F1
FUSE 6A-250V F2 4R7 1W

Standby_supply

LINE_NEUTRAL RV5 + +
90-264_VAC_INPUT C24 C25
TVR10471KSY 3.3 uF 400V 3.3 uF 400V

L FG FG FG N

CN001
4333-W05ST
 46” LCD TV QR Flyback Solution
• Flyback converter
– Up to 70 W max
– Up to 3 output with 4 A Max

• Quasi Resonance Flyback Converter

– Reduced EMI
– Best safety behaviors

• New NCP1379 controller

– Valley-lockout system
– Variable frequency mode for ultra low power mode
– Over current protection with auto recovery internal
timer
46” LCD TV PWM Fixed F Flyback Solution
• PWM Fixed Frequency Flyback converter
– 50 kHz Fixed frequency
– Allow natural CCM

• New NCP1252 controller

– Adjustable switching frequency with skip mode
– Adjustable soft start
– Over current protection with internal timer

• Alternative solution to previous QR mode

– Both designs
• on the same PCB
• with the same switching frequency
• with the same key parts

QR Valley lock-out or PWM Flyback SMPS up to 70 W

 46” LCD TV Flyback Schematic T200
750875731

1
PFC_OUT
R252 R251
33K 2W 33K 2W C200
10n 500V

D201 *

1N4937 3
do41d 11

P
+ +
* 1 2 C207 C208

N
D207 470u 16V 470u 16V
3

to220
R205 MBRF20L80CTG V2 L201 10uH
D205
1K R203 33k R207 4R7 12 1 2
VCC3 6 VS2
PFC-OK *

P
* + + +
R214 BAV21 C205 C206 C209

N
10k ZD200 R208 470u 16V
MMSZ15T1 + 470u 16V 470u 16V 2K2 D208
R206 C217 MMSD4148

2
D206 47u 25V 5
R213
470k MMSD4148 Q201 1
D203 ZD201 BC858ALT1
MMSZ6V8T1 R210 R212

3
IC200 1K 1K
MMSD4148 C213 470
NCP1379 Q202

P
1 8 + +
ZCD CT C221 C222
Regulation

N
330p C214
R215 470u 16V 470u 16V
2 7 MJD200 220
FB BO 100n DPAK
R216
220 V1 L202 10uH
3 6 Q203 10 1 2
CS CS VCC STP5NK70ZFP 9 VS1
D209 *

P
C210 R217 27 + + +
68p 4 5 D210 C219 C220 C224
GND DRV

N
8 2 1 R219 470u 16V
MMSD4148 7 470u 16V 470u 16V 2K2 D211
C211 C212 R218 to220 MMSD4148

2
R211 R249 C218 3
1K 8K2 CS 100p 1KV Q205 1
C215
1n 220p 3K3 MBRF20L80CTG BC858ALT1
R221 Gnd_Lug R222 R223

3
0.47R 2W CN403 1K 1K

2
R220
100n 1 47k
C216 C225
1
+

3 Y 1nF
Q204
BC808-25LT1 R255
PC101B
10u 50V Regulation
4

R209 100
10M 2W V2
SFH817A VCC4 CN202
R236 4324-03S
3

D215 4K7 1
R226 1K MMSD4148
VS2 2
Backlight
V1 D217 3 controller
1

PC101A VS-Stby
supply to
SFH817A R227 VS1 Backlight
MMSD4148
1K R237
10K board
D216

2
C230 Q207
R241
2

1 BC858ALT1
2K2
470nF R231 16K2 MMSD4148

3
CN201
4324-11S
VS2 R238 11
10K VS2 10
Flyback power to
D219
9 Signal processing
3

IC201 8
1 2_5VREF D221 7 and Audio board
R232 6K19 MMSD4148 6

P
+ 5
VS1
2

TL431BCLPRA R242 MMSD4148 4

N
R233 2K2 C232 3
2K49 470u 16V 2
1
VS1

Regulation
R228 1K
46” LCD TV QR Flyback Waveforms
• QR mode with valley lock-out
– With valley lock-out for low P
– With lower frequency by P Max

• Top Trace
– Vin = 400 Vdc Pout = 34 W
– 1.75 A at 42.7 kHz
– V max = 572 V

• Bottom Trace
– Vin = 400 Vdc Pout = 70 W
– 2.62 A at 39 kHz
– V max = 618 V

Valley lock-out is a Key improvement of QR mode

 ECO Standby SMPS Solution (1)
• Dedicated 5W ECO Power Standby SMPS

– Pin < 90 mW for Pout = 40 mW @ 230 Vac

– Integrated High Voltage switcher NCP1053A (400 mA

/ 40 kHz Max)

• Hysteretic mode improves

• Low frequency mode allows DCM

• Limited current reduces possible noise issues

Hysteretic, Low Freq & DCM for ECO Standby SMPS

 ECO Standby SMPS Solution (2)
• Standby relay
– Disconnect all “parasitic” standby load (~100-150
mW @ 230 Vac)

– Directly controlled by TV µP

• Optional ECO “ON / OFF switch”

– Low cost 2A / 10V non-isolated switch

– OFF mode: Pin < 20 mW by no load @ 230 Vac

ECO switch provides “ON/OFF” without Mains switch

 ECO Standby SMPS efficiency
80

70
Efficiency (%)

60

50

Efficiency / 230V
40
Efficiency / 120V
30

20
0.03 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.25 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 4.00 5.00
Output Power (W)

OFF mode / no load: Pin < 20 mW @ 230 Vac (15 @ 120 Vac)
Standby / 40 mW Out: Pin < 90 mW @ 230 Vac (86 @ 120 Vac)
ECO Standby SMPS Waveforms
• Drain Voltage and Current of
NCP1053A Switcher
– 200 V/div & 200 mA/div

• For 5 V & 1 A = 5 W Output

• Left: Hysteretic Burst mode

– (100 µs/div)
• Right: Detailed cycle
– (4 µs/div)

• Top Trace: 90 Vac

• Middle Trace: 230 Vac

• Bottom Trace: 264 Vac

 ECO Standby SMPS Schematic
T100
750871014 D100
3 9 L100
Standby_supply 8 1 2
R100 C100 C101 1 10uH

P
100K 1/4W 220p 400V 10p 1KV 4 MBR360 + C102
7 R101

2
N
D101 1N4937 5 6 470µ 16V 2
1K J100 1
ON-OFF Switch
R102
INSTALL
CN100
"Optional"

1
30K 4324-02S
PC100A SFH817A
VS-Stby

1
D104 C106 100 n
Q101 BC808-25LT1 R104 1.25VREF

P
3 2 VCC2 10K + C103
VCC4 VCC3 47µ 25V

N
MMSD4148
1
1

2
R105
D105 D102 IC101 10K

3
R120 0 TLV431ASN1
VCC1
R113 4K7 MMSD4148 BAV21

R114 HV Barrier
2K2
VS-Stby
PC200B
4

D109 MMSD4148

SFH817A V1 Regulation
3

D108 MMSD4148
RELAY1 STANDBY

D110 MMSD4148 ZD101 MMSZ5V1T1

RELAY2 VS1
R103 8.2K

R106 R107 R108 R109

470 4.7K D103 4.7K 10K ZD102 MMSZ15T1

2
+ IC100 + MMSD4148
C104 NCP1053P44G C105 1 Q100 VS2

1
10u 25 V 1 8 47u 25 V PC200A BC858ALT1
VCC GND

3
D106
SFH817A MMSD4148 R110 R111
2 7 1K 10K
Control in GND D107 R112
PC100B
4

1K

2
3
SFH817A GND MMSD4148 R115 1K
3

Q102 Q103

4 5 BC848ALT1 R116 1K BC848ALT1

NC Power Drain R118 C107
R117 470 10nF
4.7K

VS-Stby

POWER_OK
4

PC001B
SFH817A
3

POWER_OK CN101
4324-05S
5
4
R119 3
Standby power and signal
VS-Stby
22K 2
1
To Signal processing board

STANDBY
 46” Flat TV PSU - Backlight Interface
• Interconnection on Power to any Backlight
solutions
– 400 Vdc / 200 W
– PFC OK
– 5 V and 12 V
– Power Good

• Separated & Dedicated Backlight solutions

– High Voltage LIPS for CCFL / EEFL
– High DC Output Voltage HB LLC for LED Driver
– Classical 24 Vdc HB LLC
– PDP dedicated Power converter
 46”LIPS Inverter
• Higher power LCD-TVs
– With extension to 40/42” or 52”/55” for both CCFL or EEFL
– Follow on of 32” LIPS Reference Design
– Full Bridge fixed frequency ZVS with possible synchronization
– High efficiency, low EMI and sinusoidal lamp current

• Dedicated LIPS module

– To be interconnected with 46” Power Ref Design Step 1 < 13 mm
– Microsemi Backlight controller LX6503

• ON Semiconductor IC’s
– 2 High Side Drivers NCP5111
– 1 single signal driver transformer

• Low profile design

– < 13 mm on top of PCB
 46” LIPS Inverter Block Diagram
LIPS - High Voltage Back-light Inverter
Current
Full Bridge Inverter Current balancing
sensing Board
2 x High Side Driver
NCP5111 CCFL
I Lamp regulation Open lamps
OFF in Stand-by OCP, OVP protection

PWM 1 Back-light
Controller
PWM 2 LX6503
ON/OFF, Dimming,Synchro

CrM Interleaved QR Flyback

PFC 12 Vdc
SMPS
NCP1631 5 Vdc
NCP1379 LCD TV
400 Vdc OFF in Stand-by
OFF in Stand-by 13 Vdc Audio Signal
processing
Power Good and
Relay Audio
Bias St-by / ON amplifiers

Stand by SMPS 5 Vdc-

Mains Input ON/OFF
90-264 Vac NCP1053A Stand-by

Power (PFC + Flyback + Standby SMPS)

 46” LED Backlight Power
• Higher power LCD-TVs
– With extension to 40/42” or 52”/55”
– HB LLC dedicated to Backlight power
– High DC output voltage to power directly LED drivers

• Separate / Dedicated LED Power module

– To be connected with 46” Power Ref Design step 2 < 8 mm

• ON Semiconductor IC’s
– New NCP1397
– New
– New LED driver controller CAT4206

• Low profile design

– < 8 mm on top of PCB (< 12.5 mm total)
Multiple LED Linear Drivers with CAT4026

• Up to 6 channels with linear bipolar transistors Linear:

• “Vf monitoring and supply modulation & control”

Dedicated SMPS to support output voltage modulation

46” Linear Edge LED Driver TV Block Diagram

Dedicated
SMPS for
Backlight
with
Modulated
output voltage
 46” Linear LED Driver Backlight Solution

• Special technologies
• PCB size: 250 mm x 165 mm

Ultra SLIM design < 8 mm / 12.5 mm total

 HB LLC for Ultra Slim SMPS

• Limited number of components

• Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)

• Zero Current Switching (ZCS)

• Higher power density

High efficiency and EMI friendly for low profile SMPS

 Resonant Inductance Location?
External inductance Internal leakage inductance

Benefits: Benefits:
• flexibility • insulation
• cooling
• EMI
• One component
• use resonant coil for OCP
Drawbacks:
Drawbacks: • flexibility
• cooling • EMI + stray flux
• insulation • window utilization

External resonant coil is better for ultra slim design

 Secondary Rectification
Push-pull configuration Bridge rectifier

Benefits: Benefits:
• voltage drop • one winding
• Single diodes • Lower voltage diodes
• Matching
Drawbacks:
• secondary winding Drawbacks:
• matching • Higher losses
• window utilization
• Higher voltage rectifiers

Bridge rectifier is better for HV output applications

 NCP1397 - LLC Stage Controller

Features:
- operation from 50 kHz up to 500 kHz
- 600 V driver
- Startup sequence via an externally adjustable soft-
start
- Brown-out protection combined with latch input
- Disable input for ON/OFF control (skip mode)

Benefits for backlight application:

• No driver transformer
• Simple skip mode
• Simple OCP

NCP1397 is cost effective and highly safe solution

 New OCP Implementation

• Adjustable delayed fault

• Short circuit protection with frequency shift
• New Double phase current information from auxiliary
winding of resonance coil
Res. Coil aux. winding provides accurate and fast OCP
 Output Voltage Modulation

CAT4026 sinks
current from FB
divider to increase
output voltage

• Linear LED Drivers impact

– Dedicated SMPS to support output voltage
modulation
– Does not allow to get added auxiliary voltages for
Audio & Signal processing

Single Output Voltage modulated for Linear Driver

HB LLC Schematic for Linear LED Driver
HB LLC Waveforms
• Strong load variation (0 to 100%)
on HB LLC with 100 Hz dimming

• Traces:
– Top: Output current from 0 to 1
A (0.5 A/div)
– Middle: Primary current 2 A/div
– Bottom: Output voltage ripple
2 V/div (120 Vdc)

• Top picture: 50% dimming

– HB LLC works in Burst
– Up to 3 Vpeak ripple on Vout

• Bottom picture: 5% dimming

– HB LLC works in Burst
– < 0.5 Vpeak ripple on Vout
 Edge-LIT LED Backlighting Trends

• ‘LED Light bars’ vary in configuration

– Single LED Strings of High Power (~ 200 V+ , 100 mA+)
– Multiple LED Strings (up to 4) of Lower Power (~ 100 V+ ,
50 mA+)

LED Driver solutions must handle from 4 to 16 channels

Existing Large Panel Backlight Solution
Loosely ~100V

For each LED channels!

Advantage: Independent Channel

Efficiency and LED-Fault handling
Loosely regulated input supply
Drawback: Cost and Complexity
 Existing LED Driver Backlight Solution
• Large-size panel power Module used for 6 Channel Edge-LIT LED TV
• Each channel has a Dedicated Driver IC + inductive DC/DC boost + switch

6 Ch = 6 x ( DC-DC Boost +
additional switch )

6 Ch = 6 x Driver IC
 Multi-channel “Linear” Edge-Lit Solution

• Cost effective solution to address a wide number of channels

• VF Monitoring to dynamically adjusts Anode voltage

• Efficiency target range >90%, 94% typ. (varies with LED

mismatch)

• Thermal dissipation addressed by external Power BJT’s

• Address various LED string faults

“Linear LED Driver”: A cost effective solution for multiple channels

 Multi-channel “Linear” Edge-Lit Solution
• 6 channel configuration shown LED Cathode OVP

LED-Anode : dynamic adjustment LED Cathode regulation ~3 V

External power
Fault diagnostics devices (low θJA)
Multi-channel “Linear” Edge Driver Schematic
Connection to the 6 Edge LED segments

OVP UVP DPAK or TO220FP Power stage

Current sense
 Optimized Dynamic LED-Anode Control
TYPICAL EFFICIENCY 'LINEAR' POWER DISSIPATION
100% 20
200V 6ch: 200V, 100mA (120W)
12ch: 100V, 50mA (60W)
100V

DISSPATION [WATTS]
95% 15

EFFICIENCY
90% 10

85% 5

80% 0
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
LED STRING MISMATCH [Pk-Pk] LED STRING MISMATCH [Pk-Pk]

• Efficiency depends on LED string matching

• 200V LED strings (with 10% mismatch) delivers ~ 94% efficiency
• Thermal power dissipation levels : ~ 5 to 10 watt range

V modulation & control to limit overall Power dissipation

 LED Channel Current Matching
VARIATION vs BASE CURRENT CHANNEL MATCHING %
0.6%
1.0%
0.4%
VARIATION %

0.2% 0.5%

MATCHING %
0.0%
-0.2% 0.0%
-0.4% Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 Ch5 Ch5

-0.6% -0.5%
0 2 4 6
BJT BASE CURRENT [mA]
-1.0%
VARIATION vs LED CATHODE CHANNEL
0.6%

0.4%
• Initial channel matching tolerance ~ ± 0.5%
VARIATION % .

0.2%

0.0% • Variation with BJT Base current : < 0.25%

-0.2% • Variation with Cathode to 30V : < 0.15%
-0.4%
• Overall Channel matching less than ± 2%
-0.6%
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
CATHODE VOLTAGE [V]
Very good current matching < +-2%
 Optimized Wide PWM Dimming Range
BRIGHTNESS vs PWM DUTY • No concept limitation
100%
for very short “ON”
time
CURRENT % [FSB]

10%
• CAT4026 Linear
Driver is optimized
for PWM dimming
1%

• Strong power
0% variation managed
0% 1% 10% 100% directly by SMPS
PWM DUTY CYCLE

Down < 1% for 400Hz PWM dimming

 Edge LED Linear Backlighting Summary

• Provides reduced total solution cost

• VF monitoring minimizes & optimizes power dissipation

• Minimizes EMI

• Offers competitive Channel to Channel LED matching

• Offers competitive wide range PWM dimming with good linearity

• Supports Fault diagnostics against Open-LED and Short-LED

modes

The Linear is a easy to design and cost effective solution

 Conclusion
• Complete roadmap of LCD TV solutions
– 32” LIPS
• A cost optimized solution for CCFL from 26” up to 42”
– 46” Power
• Power for any type of Backlight from 40” up to 55”< 13 or 8
mm
– 46” LIPS
• < 13 mm with separate LIPS
– 46” Edge LED
• SLIM < 8 mm with separate LED Drivers with very efficient
Linear Edge LED driver solution

• Approach
– Synergy by re-use solutions, speeding up the design process
 For More Information

• View the extensive portfolio of power management products from ON

Semiconductor at www.onsemi.com

• View reference designs, design notes, and other material supporting

the design of highly efficient power supplies at
www.onsemi.com/powersupplies