Theory of Elasticity

Objective

 To develop elasticity equations and analyze the

stresses and displacements of structures within the
elastic range and there by to check the sufficiency of
their strength, stiffness and stability.
 Elastic Bodies
 Generally a perfect elastic material of a body is assumed
to be homogenous and isotropic.

 Homogenous refers to condition of a body where the

material continuously distributed over its volume so that
the smallest element cut from the body possesses the
same specific physical properties.

 Isotropic refers to a body where its elastic properties are

same in all directions.
 Theory of elasticity is concerned with the study of the
response of elastic bodies to the action of forces.

 It is the branch of solid mechanics which deals with

the stresses and deformations in elastic solids
produced by external force or changes in temperature.

 Elasticity deals with mechanical properties of

materials under load particularly, material behavior to
retain its original shape after subjection to load as
opposed to plasticity.
Strength of Materials Vs Theory of Elasticity
 Strength of materials deals with stresses and
displacements of structures in the form of a bar system
such as truss or rigid frames, whereas, when the structure
considered is not in the form of a bar such as blocks,
plates, shells, dams and foundations, they are analyzed
only in theory of elasticity.

 A thorough and precise analysis of a bar is only possible

by theory of elasticity.
 Elasticity is an elegant and fascinating subject that deals
with determination of the stress, strain, and displacement
distribution in an elastic solid under the influence of
external forces.

 Following the usual assumptions of linear, small-

deformation theory, the formulation establishes a
mathematical model that allows solutions to problems that
have applications in many engineering and scientific fields.
 Civil engineering applications include important
contributions to stress and deflection analysis of
structures.

 Additional applications lie in geomechanics involving the

stresses in materials such as soil, rock, concrete, and
asphalt.

 The subject also provides the basis for more advanced

work in inelastic material behavior, including plasticity
and viscoelasticity, and the study of computational stress
analysis employing finite and boundary element
methods.
 Elasticity theory establishes a mathematical model of
the deformation problem, and this requires
mathematical knowledge to understand formulation
and solution procedures.

 Governing partial differential field equations are

developed using basic principles of continuum
mechanics commonly formulated in vector and tensor
language.

 Techniques used to solve these field equations can

encompass Fourier methods, variational calculus,
integral transforms, complex variables, potential theory,
finite differences, finite elements, and so forth.
Mathematical Preliminaries
(Reading Assignment)
Martin H.Sadd ( Page 3-24 )
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