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Aaap 2014 B 622 Id
Aaap 2014 B 622 Id
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Proceedings
Full Papers
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The 16 AAAP Congress
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SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE
PRESPECTIVE OF FOOD SECURITY, POLICY, GENETIC
RESOURCES, AND CLIMATE CHANGE
PROCEEDINGS
FULL PAPERS
Editors:
Subandriyo
Kusmartono
Krishna Agung Santosa
Edi Kurnianto
Agung Purnomoadi
Akhmad Sodiq
Komang G. Wiryawan
Siti Darodjah
Ismeth Inounu
Darmono
Atien Priyanti
Peter Wynn
Jian Lin Han
Jih Tay-Hsu
Zulkifli Idrus
ISBN 978-602-8475-87-7
We are looking forward to meeting you all in the future congress to continue.
Budi Guntoro
Chairman of the 16th AAAP Congress
16th AAAP PRESIDENT’S REPORT
Selamat pagi!
Dear Ladies and Gentleman
Attendants of 16 AAAP congress:
It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome all of you at The 16th AAAP Congress on
November 10 – 14, 2014 at Grha Sabha Pramana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Indonesia. This Congress is jointly organized by The Indonesian Society of Animal Science
(ISAS), Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesian
Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services-Ministry of Agriculture and
Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. Universitas Gadjah Mada Campus is
located in Yogyakarta, one of the Special Region in Indonesia where culture and tradition
live in harmony with the modern nuance and educational spirit makes it a beautiful venue of
this Congress.
The 16th AAAP Program consists of scientific and technical programs as well as social
and cultural activities. The scientific and technical programs offer five plenary sessions, two
satellite symposia, field trip, and many scientific sessions, both oral and poster presentations.
During this event distinguished scientists from all over the world will present plenary
papers ranging from livestock policy, food security, local genetic resources, climate change,
animal welfare, international trade, as well as global research agenda. I believe that around
1,200 scientists as well as livestock producers, companies, graduate and postgraduate
students from 40 countries are attending the Congress and more than 770 research papers will
be presented. The Congress also provides not only opportunities to discuss and exchange
information and experience with scientists from different regions of the world, but also a
good environment to build up friendship between nations is our ultimate goals for the
Congress outcome. Moreover, this congress also keeps its tradition to be a forum of
communication among researchers, academician, industries and related stakeholders among
Asian-Australasian countries.
The social and cultural programs are specially desgined to be very important for the
congress participants since the promotion of friendship and future scientific cooperation are
also central to this AAAP Congress. The Opening Ceremony will offer you the Congress
Program at a glance. In addition, participants will also join at a warm Welcome Dinner
gathering at Keraton Yogyakarta. Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X, His Majesty of The
Royal Palace of Yogyakarta will give you the most memorable moment during this event.
Moreover, cultural night offers us an opportunity to introduce significant culture from
participants’ countries and gives a spectacular performance to enjoy in order to strengthen
our friendship and future cooperation. Field trip, on the other hand, provides a wonderful
sightseeing to the most valuable ancient heritage around Yogyakarta, such as Borobudur and
Prambanan Temples, and more other interesting places to visit. I do hope that you enjoy your
stay in Yogyakarta and not miss all of these spectacular opportunities.
Closing Ceremony will be held on November 14, 2014 immediately after the last
session of presentation. During this great moment we will welcome the next host of the 17th
AAAP Congress to deliver a brief message. The AAAP Congress Award will provide and
announce some participant who receive appreciation for their valuable research.
With all of our hospitability, we will try our best to make your brief visit to Yogyakarta and
our beautiful country Indonesia, become a wonderful experience and memorable moments.
I wish you all a very pleasant and most enjoyable stay in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Terima kasih (Thank you).
Sincerely Yours
Mr. Yudi Guntara Noor
President
The 16th AAAP Congress
PREFACE
The scientific committee would like to thank all the reviewers and appreciate their
effort to make significant contribution in reviewing the full manuscripts. Similarly, we would
also like to thank supporting staffs at the secretariat office of the Faculty of Animal Science,
Universitas Gadjah Mada as well as of the Indonesian Center for Animal Research and
Development who have helped in the preparation of the proceedings. Finally, we would like
to thank all the authors for their valuable contribution to the congress and make it useful for
our societies.
Editorial Team
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
CONTENTS
ORAL PRESENTATION
(1)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(2)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(4)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(6)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(7)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(8)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(9)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(10)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(11)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(12)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(13)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(14)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(15)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(16)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(17)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(18)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(19)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(20)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(21)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(22)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(23)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(24)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(25)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(26)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(27)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(28)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(29)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(30)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(31)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(32)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
POSTER PRESENTATION
(33)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(34)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(35)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(36)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(37)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(38)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(39)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(40)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(41)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(42)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(43)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(44)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(45)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(46)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(47)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(48)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(49)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(50)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(51)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(52)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(53)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(54)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(55)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(56)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(57)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(58)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(59)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(60)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(61)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(62)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(63)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(64)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(65)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(66)
Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(67)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(68)
Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
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material for other industries, or for use as food or feed after biological treatment (Hajar et al.
2012).
Fermentation microorganisms are capable of degrading all organic substances present in
fruits and vegetables. Over the past several decades there has been a growing trend toward
adding value to raw agricultural by- products such as pineapple peel which is a relatively
low-cost raw material. Microorganisms in the rumen, such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and
fungi perform essential fermentation, including the conversion of plant fiber to small
molecules, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) and vitamins, for the production of meat and
milk for human consumption, thereby influencing the host’s nutrition (Wu et al. 2012). Lactic
acid bacteria are a group of gram-positive, non-spore forming, cocci or rods, which produce
lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. Lactic acid
bacteria can produce antimicrobial substances including bacteriocins that have ability to
inhibit pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria (Rattanachaikunsopon and Phumkhachorn
2010).
The main objective of this study was to process pineapple peel into animal feed. Specifically,
a process was developed for the product, and the product characteristics (including chemical
composition and in vitro digestibility) were determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microorganisms
The microorganisms used in this study were cellulolytic microbes, which were obtained from
rumen fluid of fistulated Ongole Crossbred cattle, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB),
Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 107 (10-08-03).
Culture Conditions
Following heat sterilization (121°C for 30 min), enrichment medium was inoculated with
10% of cellulolytic microbes from rumen fluid. Then the cultures were re-inoculated in
defined medium by 10% of enriched cultures. The composition of enrichment and defined
medium was as described by Omelianski (1902) cit. Skinner (1971), which containing
cellulose by 1 g/100 ml medium. Incubation of cellulolytic microbes was done at 39°C, pH 7
for 7 d under liquid culture and anaerobic condition. The inoculum was then inoculated for
fermentation of pineapple, and a part of them was subjected for cellulase assay as described
by Halliwel et al. (1985).
Lactic acid bacteria was inoculated in the MRS medium, and incubated at 39°C over night.
The inoculum was then inoculated in fermentation of pineapple after cellulolytic inoculation.
Pineapple Peel Fermentation
After growing for 7 d, the cellulolytic microbes was mixed to 300 g of pineapple peel. The
inoculum was added to achieve final concentrations of 5% based on DM of pineapple peel,
while DM of substrate was 55%. Then, LAB was added after 4 d, 8 d, 12 d and 16 d of
cellulolytic fermentation. Fermentation without addition cellulolytic microbes and LAB was
carried out as control. Fermentation was carried out in anaerobic condition at room
temperature for 21 d with three replicates for each treatment. At the of the fermentation,
physical quality including odor, color, texture, pH, the presence of fungi, as well as the lactic
acid content were determined. Then, fermented pineapple peel (FPP) was collected, dried at
55°C for 72 h, ground through a 1mm screen Wiley mill and analyzed for chemical
composition as well as for in vitro digestibility.
Measurement of Fermentation Parameters
The FPP was examined for physical quality including odor, color, texture, pH, the presence
of fungi, as well as the lactic acid content, according to Baker and Summerson method
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Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change
(Hawk et al. 1976). The FPP was also dried at 55°C, and then taken for chemical composition
analysis including dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fibre (CF), crude protein
(CP), extract ether (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE), according to AOAC procedure
(2005), as well as in vitro digestibility. Short-term in vitro incubations were carried out with
rumen fluid from fistulated Ongole Crossbred. In vitro digestibility was conducted as
described by Tilley and Terry (1963), data measured including DM, OM and CF digestibility
(DMD, OMD, and CFD, respectively)
Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
Treatments were arranged in a one way design, with the main factors being the day of LAB
addition (day 4, 8, 12, and 16) after cellulolytic fermentation. Fermentation experiments were
separately conducted for each treatment with three replicates. Pineapple peel was utilized as
substrate for solid state fermentation. The data in the main study were analyzed as a one way
arrangement. The differences of mean value were analyzed by Duncan’s new multiple range
test (Steel and Torrie 1980).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on physical analysis, it showed that pineapple peel fermentation resulted good quality,
such as acid odor, brown color, soft texture, and no presence of any fungi. Addition of LAB
on day 4th and 8th increased lactic acid content 2.4 times compared to control (P<0.01), but it
did not affect pH value (Table 1).
Table1. pH and lactic acid (%) of FPP
The day addition of LAB
Control 4 8 12 16
ns
pH 3.93 3.95 3.96 3.93 3.90
Lactic acid 0.05a 0.12c 0.12c 0.09bc 0.06ab
Means in the same row with different letters (a, b, c) are significantly different (P<0.01)
Chemical composition of fresh pineapple peel was 60.00% of DM, 93.18% of OM, 8.70% of
CP, 10.41% of EE, 17.27% of CF, and pH 4. Addition of LAB at the 4th day after cellulolytic
fermentation decreased OM, EE and NFE content, but it increased CP content of FPP as
compared to control (Table 2). However, there was no significant effect of cellulolytic
fermentation on CF content, eventhough the culture of cellulolytic had cellulase activity by
15.36 U/mg.
Table 2. Chemical composition of FPP (% DM)
The day addition of LAB
Control 4 8 12 16
DMns 52.20 51.09 50.49 50.67 50.30
OM 91.90b 91.34a 91.18a 91.15a 91.35a
CP 7.20a 7.79 c
7.87 c
7.64bc 7.46b
EE 11.16y 11.13y 11.40y 8.80x 9.55xy
CFns 16.31 17.07 16.80 16.37 16.49
NFE 57.97yz 56.10xy 55.84x 59.09z 58.61z
Means in the same row with different letters (a, b, c) are significantly different (P<0.01)
Means in the same row with different letters (x, y, z) are significantly different (P<0.05)
Addition of LAB on day 12th decreased CFD FPP by 26.44% compared to control (P<0.05),
as showed in Table3.
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